Biogas มช.

Biogas
....................................................................................................................................1
1.1) ..............................................................................................................2
1.2) .......................................................................................................................4
1.3) (Type of Micro Type of MicroOrganism)....................................................................................................................................................6
1.4) .........................................................................................7
1.5) ...................................................................................................8
1.6) ........................................................................................................8
1.7) ....................................................................12
1.8) ...............................................................................................15
1.9) ......................................................................................................................15
1.10)
.....................................................................................16
1.11)
.........................................................................................................................18
1.12)
.......................................................................................................19
1.13)
().....................................................................21
.................................................................................................................................................22
.....................................................................................................................................................23

2.1 COD ...................................................1
2.2 COD ....................................................2
2.3 ..........................................................................................5

2.1 ..........................................................................2
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()

,,

(CH4)
CH4 + 2O2 ....................... CO2+ 2H2O
1 (22.4 L, 0 C) 2 ( 64 )
1 g COD = 0.35 L CH4 ( 0 C, 1atm)
1 g COD = 0.395 L CH4 ( 35 C, 1atm)
1.1 COD
(website :- www.erdi.or.th)
(website :- www.energy.go.th)
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1.2 COD
1.1
1.1)
50-60 %
25-35 %
2-7%
1-5 %
A/F
CH4
(Cp)
(P)
21MJ/m3 (CH460 %)
5.96kWh/m3 (CH460 %)
25cm/s
6.19m3a/m3g
650C
600C
1.6kJ/m3- C
1.15kg/m3
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1 :
(LPG)
0.46
0.67
0.60
0.55
1.50
1.2 - 2.0 -
1 : (/..)
(LPG)
( 16.85 ./.)
( 30.19 ./)
( 27.94 ./)
( 16.00 ./)
( 0.80 ./.)
( 3.00 ./.-.)
7.75
20.23
16.76
8.80
1.20
3.6 - 6.0
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(Biological Wastewater Treatment)
1.2)
1.2.1)
(Aerobic Digestion)
+ + (O2) (CO2) + ( H2O) + +

1.2.2)
(Anaerobic Digestion)
+ Biogas + +
1.
2.
3. N, P
4.
5.
6.
7. xenobiotic compounds chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons lignin
8.
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1.
2. 3. N, P
3.
4. ()
2
1.
(volatile acids)
(acid-producing bacteria)
2.
(methane-producing bacteria)
4
1)Hydrolysis
2)Fermantation
Acidogenesis
3)Acetogenesis
4)Methanogenesis
1.3
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1.3)
(Type of Micro Type of MicroOrganism)
1. Fermentative bacteria

2. Hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria

3. Homoacetogenic bacteria Butyribacterium methylophicum

4. Methanogenic bacteria

cell envelop
obligately anaerobic bacteria 7.0-7.8

3-5 35 10 10
2 Hydrogenotrophic methanogens
Hydrogen utilizing chemolithotrophs Acetotrophic methanogens acetoclastic bacteria
acetate splitting bacteria
5. Non-Methanogenic bacteria facultative anaerobic bacteria
CO2/H2 4.0-6.5
2
24 Acidogenic bacteria Acetogenic bacteria
Non-Methanogenic Bac.
Methanogenic Bac.
Non-Methanogenic Bac Methanogenic Bac.

(Organic Loading Rate ; OLR)
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1.4)
/
/
1.
5,000
(Open Pond)

1.

(Sanitary Landfill) (Landfill Gas)

2.

3
( 5,000
600 *)
* = 500
UASB, HSS-UASB Covered Lagoon
( 500 - 5,000
60 - 600 )
UASB, MC-UASB-1 Covered Lagoon
( 50 - 500 6 - 60
)
Fixed Dome Covered Lagoon
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1.5)

1. (Organic Loading Rate ; OLR)
2. (Temperature)
4-60
3. - (pH) - pH
6.6-7.5 pH
4. (Alkalinity) -
1,000 - 5,000 /
(CaCO3)
5. (Hydraulic Retention Time ; HRT)
6. (Nutrients)
C:N C:P 25:1 20:1
7. (Volatile Fatty Acid ; VFA)
8. (Inhibiting and Toxic Materials)

9.

10.
1.6)

(Biogas Plant)
2
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1.6.1)
3
)
(Fixed dome digester )

3

(
1000)
(Floating drum digester) (Indian digester)
(Plug flow digester ) (Plastic covered ditch )
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2
( covered lagoon )
1.6.2)
)
(Anaerobic Filter) (AF)
10
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(UASB Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket)
(sludge)

(UASB) (UASB)
(UASB)

(Upflow)

90-95 60-65
(UASB)

(UASB)

(UASB)
)
(HYPHI)
,

(HYPHI) Hybrid Plug - flow Hign-rate System
(Plug -flow) (High-rate)

1.
2.
3. 8
11
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4.
5.
6.
7.

zy

8.
() ()

1.7)
1.7.1)
1.
2.
2.1
( -
)
2.2 1 4

3.
4. 3/4
15-20 3
3030 4 6

12
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5.
6.
7.
8.
:: 1:2:3

3 30
2.5

60 2
45 150
3

:: 1:1:4 (S)
0.4

6 6
20
4 60

4 3
3
1.7.2)
1.

2.
13
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-

1.50- 1.70
3.

4.
17 16
3 18 4 80 170
3 100
4 60
800

1.
3
3.5
14
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20 45
150
1.2 50
C
20 5 18
10
2.
1:2

0.3-4.8 1
3.

0.25
4.

15-60

1.8)
1.9)
1.
3 1

2.
15
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1

2 4

3.

1.10)

3
1. 1 (Channel Digester)

3040 (stabilized)
(Slow Sand Bed Filter : SSBF)

8090%
UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket
Reactor) 2
16
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2. 2 UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge

Blanket Reactor)
UASB
UASB 2-3 1
UASB COD
800-1,000 /
95
3. 3 (Post Treatment)

/
2

COD
200-400 / BOD 60 /

/
17
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1.11)

2 1500-5000
300-1000 .. Biogas MC-UASB#1,CA-UASB
7000 1000 .. Biogas
H-UASB H-UASB
H-UASB
92 - 97 % 89 - 97%

3 H-UASB
1 (Buffer Tank)

HighSuspension Solid-Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (H-UASB) 24
(Inert Sludge)
H-UASB
2 H-UASB
(CH4) 65
(CO2) 33 2 H-UASB
5
(Stabilized) (Slow Sand Bed Filter)
H-UASB
97

3 (Post Treatment)

(Constructed Wetland)
2
18
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1.12)
)

1
1. 1. 3

2. /
3,0005,000 130 20
3. 2
1

4.

170
4 () 198
8.2:1 91 4,800
/ 160 3,200 /
13 3
380 30
19
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30-50%
1.4 1
15
5 20
(Cogeneration)

1.
2.

3. (Greenhouse Gas)
)
1.

20
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2.
5-10
100
1.13) ()
Municipal Solid Waste

Livestock Waste( , )
Total ()
270 Mm3/year
204 Mm3/year
226 Mm3/year
700 Mm3/year
385 Mm3/year
3,000Million/year
21
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., , 2549.
. : UASB. :6,2550.
.. .
,2550
:. .12-16.2549
. ,
2548.
. (2545). " ".
1
. (2548).
.
http://www.teennet.cmu.ac.th(10 2550)
http://www.school.net.th/library/create-web/10000/science/10000-5735.html
http://www.dede.go.th/dede/index.php?id=879
http://www.environnet.in.th/evdb/info/mineral/mineral24.html
http://www.fda.moph.go.th/fda-net/html/product/psion/methanol.htm
http://www.pattani1.go.th/kmc/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=351
http://www.lightparty.com/Energy/Butanol.htm
http://www.butanol.com/index.htm
http://www.thaienergynews.com/ArticleShowDetail.asp?ObjectID=89
http://www.queen6cyclebirthday.in.th/network/gas.htm
http://www.thaienergy.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=1&Itemid
http://kanchanapisek.or.th/kp1/data/35/gas_kw2.htm
http://www. biogas\bio2.mht
http://www.manager.co.th.
22
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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500631069
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23

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Biogas มช.

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Available Formats

Biogas

+ + (O2) (CO2) + ( H2O) + +

(Type of Micro Type of MicroOrganism)

(Fixed dome digester )

(Floating drum digester) (Indian digester)

(Plug flow digester ) (Plastic covered ditch )

(Anaerobic Filter) (AF)

(UASB Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket)

2. 2 UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge

Municipal Solid Waste

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