Phan 1

CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
B CNG NGHIP
QUY PHM TRANG B IN
Phn I
QUY NH CHUNG
11 TCN 18 - 2006
H Ni 2006
1
MC LC
Phn I
QUY NH CHUNG
Chng I.1
PHN CHUNG
. Phm vi p dng v nh ngha
. Ch dn chung v trang b in
. u cng trnh in vo h thng in
Chng I.2
LI IN V CUNG CP IN
. Yu cu chung
. Loi h tiu th in, tin cy cung cp in
. S cung cp in
. Cht lng in p v iu chnh in p
. Li in thnh ph in p n 35 kV
Chng I.3
CHN TIT DIN DY DN
. Phm vi p dng
. Chn dy dn theo mt dng in kinh t
. Chn dy dn theo tn tht in p cho php
. Chn dy dn theo pht nng cho php
. Dng in lu di cho php ca cp lc
. Dng in lu di cho php i vi dy dn v thanh dn trn
. Chn dy dn theo iu kin vng quang
. Chn dy chng st
Chng I.4
CHN THIT B IN V DY DN THEO
IU KIN NGN MCH
. Phm vi p dng
2
. Yu cu chung
. Xc nh dng in ngn mch chn thit b v dy dn
. Chn dy dn v cch in, kim tra kt cu chu lc theo lc in ng
ca dng in ngn mch
. Chn dy dn theo iu kin pht nng khi ngn mch
. Chn thit b in theo kh nng ng ct
Chng I.5
M IN NNG
. Yu cu chung
. V tr t cng t
. Yu cu i vi cng t
. m in nng qua my bin in o lng
. t v u dy vo cng t
. Cng t kim tra (k thut)
Chng I.6
O IN
. Phm vi p dng
. Yu cu chung
. o dng in
. o in p v kim tra cch in
. o cng sut
. o tn s
. o lng khi ho ng b
. t dng c o in
Chng I.7
NI T
. Yu cu chung
. Nhng b phn phi ni t
. Nhng b phn khng phi ni t
. Ni t thit b in in p trn 1kV
trung tnh ni t hiu qu
3
. Ni t thit b in ti vng t c in tr sut ln
. Ni t thit b in in p trn 1kV
trung tnh cch ly
. Ni t thit b in in p n 1kV
trung tnh ni t trc tip
. Ni t thit b in in p n 1kV
trung tnh cch ly
. Ni t cc thit b in cm tay
. Ni t cc thit b in di ng
. Trang b ni t
. Dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v
. Ph lc I.3.1
. Ph lc I.3.2
. Ph lc I.7.1
. Ph lc I.7.2

4
PHN I
QUY NH CHUNG
Chng I
PHN CHUNG
Phm vi p dng v nh ngha
I.1.1. Quy phm trang b in (QT) p dng cho cc cng trnh in xy mi
v ci to, in p n 500kV, tr cc cng trnh in chuyn dng.
I.1.2. Trang b in l tp hp v kt ni cc thit b in dng sn xut,
bin i, truyn ti, phn phi v tiu th in nng. Cc trang b in
trong quy phm ny c chia thnh 2 loi:
Loi c in p n 1kV
Loi c in p trn 1kV
I.1.3. Trang b in ngoi tri bao gm cc thit b in c lp t ngoi
tri.
Trang b in ngoi tri kiu h: bao gm cc thit b in khng
c bo
v chng tip xc trc tip v khng c che chn, ngn nga
tc ng ca mi trng.
Trang b in ngoi tri kiu kn: bao gm cc thit b in c v bc
chng tip xc trc tip v tc ng ca mi trng.
I.1.4. Trang b in trong nh: bao gm cc thit b in c lp t trong
nh hoc phng kn.
Trang b in trong nh kiu h: bao gm cc thit b in khng c
bo v
hon ton chng tip xc trc tip.
Trang b in trong nh kiu kn: bao gm cc thit b c bo v hon
ton chng tip xc trc tip.
I.1.5. Gian in l gian nh hoc phn ca gian nh c ngn ring t
thit b in v/hoc t bng in.
I.1.6. Gian kh l gian c m tng i khng vt qu 75%. Khi khng c
nhng iu kin nu trong cc iu I.1.9, 10, 11 th gian gi l gian
5
bnh thng.
I.1.7. Gian m l gian c m tng i vt qu 75%.
I.1.8. Gian rt m l gian c m tng i xp x 100% (trn, tng, sn
nh v vt trong nh ng nc).
I.1.9. Gian nng l gian c nhit vt qu +35
o
C trong thi gian lin tc
hn 24 gi.
I.1.10. Gian hoc ni bi l gian hoc ni c nhiu bi.
Gian hoc ni bi c chia thnh gian hoc ni c bi dn in v
gian hoc ni c bi khng dn in.
I.1.11. Ni c mi trng hot tnh ho hc l ni thng xuyn hoc trong
thi gian di c cha hi, kh, cht lng c th to ra cc cht, nm
mc dn n ph hng phn cch in v/hoc phn dn in ca thit
b in.
I.1.12. Cn c vo mc nguy him do dng in gy ra i vi ngi,
cc gian hoc ni t thit b in c chia thnh:
1. Gian hoc ni nguy him l gian hoc ni c mt trong nhng yu t
sau:
a. m hoc bi dn in (xem iu I.1.7 v iu I.1.10).
b. Nn, sn nh dn in (bng kim loi, t, b tng, ct thp, gch
v.v.).
c. Nhit cao (xem iu I.1.9).
d. C kh nng ngi tip xc ng thi mt bn l kt cu kim
loi ca nh ca hoc thit b cng ngh, my mc v.v. ni t, v
mt bn l v kim loi ca thit b in.
e. C cng in trng ln hn mc cho php.
2. Gian hoc ni rt nguy him l gian hoc ni c mt trong nhng yu
t sau:
a. Rt m (xem iu I.1.8).
b. Mi trng hot tnh ho hc (xem iu I.1.11).
c. ng thi c hai yu t ca gian nguy him.
3. Gian hoc ni t nguy him l gian hoc ni khng thuc hai loi
trn.
6
I.1.13. Mc n: Khi xy mi hoc ci to cc cng trnh in cn p dng cc
bin php gim ting n, m bo khng vt qu mc cho php theo
bng I.1.1 v bng I.1.2.
Cc bin php gim ting n gm:
. Bin php k thut: thit k cng nghip, cch ly, c lp ngun n,
s dng quy trnh cng ngh c mc n thp, cc thit b in c cng
sut m thp.
. Bin php m hc trong xy dng: dng vt liu cch m hoc tiu
m.
. ng dng iu khin t xa, t ng ho.
I.1.14. Bc x mt tri: Trang thit b in t trong nh c th b qua nh
hng ca bc x mt tri. Tuy nhin trong mt s trng hp c bit,
thit b v tr c cng bc x chiu vo th cn ch n nhit
b mt tng cao.
Thit b in t ngoi tri cn c nhng bin php c bit m
bo nhit lm vic ca thit b khng vt qu nhit cho php.
I.1.15. R kh SF
6
Trong gian in c cc thit b cha kh SF
6
b tr pha trn hoc
mt t, yu cu mt na din tch cc l thng hi phi nm gn mt
t. Nu khng t yu cu trn cn phi c thng gi cng bc.
Trong gian in c cc thit b cha kh SF
6
t di mt t th cn
phi thng gi cng bc nu lng kh thot ra nh hng ti sc
kho v an ton ca con ngi. Cc phng, ng dn, hm v.v. di
v thng vi gian c thit b s dng kh SF
6
cng cn phi thng gi.
Bng I.1.1: Mc n ti a cho php khu vc cng cng v dn c (n v dB):
Khu vc
Thi gian
T 6h n 18h Trn 18h
n 22h
Trn 22h
n 6h
7
Khu vc cn c bit yn tnh
nh: Bnh vin, trng hc, th
vin, nh iu dng, nh tr,
nh th, n cha
50 45 40
Khu dn c, khch sn, nh ngh, c
quan hnh chnh
60 55 50
Khu dn c xen k trong khu vc
thng mi, dch v sn xut
75 70 50
I.1.16. R du cch in
My bin p hoc khng in c du phi c b cha du ring hoc kt
hp b cha du ring vi h thu gom du chung.
Vi cc thit b in trong nh c th dng sn nh khng thm c g
cao s dng nh mt h gom du nu c s my bin p khng
ln hn 3 v lng du cha trong mi my t hn 1.000 lt.
Vi cc thit b in t ngoi tri c th khng cn h thu du nu
my bin p cha du t hn 1.000 lt. iu ny khng p dng cho
nhng vng thu gom nc v/hoc nhng vng c ngun nc c
bo v.
i vi cc trm phn phi t ngoi tri c my bin p treo trn ct
khng cn b tr b cha du.
I.1.17. Thit b in kiu ngm du l thit b c b phn ngm trong du
trnh tip xc vi mi trng xung quanh, tng cng cch in,
lm mt v/hoc dp h quang.
Bng I.1.2: Mc p sut m ti mt s v tr lm vic
V tr lm vic
Mc p sut
m tng
ng, khng
qu, [dBA]
Mc m cc cta di
trung tn [Hz], khng qu
[dB]
63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
Ti v tr lm vic,
sn xut
85 99 92 86 83 80 78 76 74
8
Phng iu khin
t xa, cc phng th
nghim, thc
nghim c ngun
n
80 94 87 82 78 75 73 71 70
Phng iu khin
t xa, cc phngth
nghim, thc
nghim khng c
ngun.
70 87 79 72 68 65 63 61 59
Cc phng chc nng
(k ton, k hoch,
thng k v.v.)
65 83 74 68 63 60 57 55 54
Cc phng nghin
cu, thit k,
my tnh v x l
s liu
55 75 66 59 54 50 47 45 43
I.1.18. Thit b in kiu chng chy n l my in hoc kh c in c php
dng nhng ni c mi trng d chy n mi cp.
I.1.19. Vt liu k thut in l nhng vt liu c cc tnh cht xc nh i vi
trng in t s dng trong k thut in.
I.1.20. Theo tnh cht l hc, vt liu k thut in c chia thnh:
1. Vt liu chu la l vt liu khng chy hoc khng ho thnh than,
cn khi b t th khng t tip tc chy hoc khng chy m .
2. Vt liu chu h quang l vt liu khng thay i tnh cht di tc
ng ca h quang trong iu kin lm vic bnh thng.
3. Vt liu chu m l vt liu khng thay i tnh cht di tc ng
ca m.
4. Vt liu chu nhit l vt liu khng thay i tnh cht di
tc ng ca nhit cao hoc thp.
5. Vt liu chu ho cht l vt liu khng thay i tnh cht di tc
ng ca ho cht.
I.1.21. Theo bc chu la, vt liu v kt cu xy dng c chia thnh 3
nhm nu trong bng I.1.3.
I.1.22. in p danh nh ca h thng in (Nominal voltage of a system)
9
Mt gi tr in p thch hp c dng nh r hoc nhn dng
mt h thng in.
I.1.23. Gi tr nh mc (Rated value)
Gi tr ca mt i lng, thng do nh ch to n nh cho iu
kin vn hnh quy nh i vi mt phn t, mt thit b hoc dng c.
I.1.24. in p vn hnh h thng in (Operating voltage in a system)
Tr s in p trong iu kin bnh thng, mt thi im v ti mt
im cho ca h thng in.
I.1.25. in p cao nht (hoc thp nht) ca h thng (Highest (lowest)
voltage of a system)
Tr s in p vn hnh cao nht (hoc thp nht) trong cc iu kin
vn hnh bnh thng bt k thi im no v ti bt k im no
trong h thng.
I.1.26. in p cao nht i vi thit b (Highest voltage for equipment)
Tr s cao nht ca in p pha - pha, theo cch in v cc c
tnh lin quan khc ca thit b c thit k bo m in p
ny v nhng tiu chun tng ng.
Bng I.1.3: Phn loi kt cu xy dng theo bc chu la
Chia nhm theo
mc chy
Mc chy ca vt liu Mc chy ca cu kin
Nhm
khng chy
Di tc ng ca ngn la
hay nhit cao m vt liu
khng bc chy, khng
chy m , khng b ccbon
ho.
Cu kin lm bng cc vt
liu khng chy v c mc
chy nh ca vt liu khng
chy.
Nhm
kh chy
Di tc ng ca ngn la
hay nhit cao th kh bc
chy, kh chy m hoc
kh b ccbon ho; ch tip
tc chy hay chy m khi
tip xc vi ngun la. Sau
khi cch ly vi ngun la th
ngng chy.
Cu kin lm bng vt liu
kh chy hoc vt liu
d chy nhng phi c lp bo
v bng vt liu khng chy
v c mc chy nh ca
vt liu kh chy.
10
Nhm
d chy
Di tc ng ca ngn la
hay nhit cao th bc chy,
chy m hoc b ccbon ho
v tip tc chy m hoc
b ccbon ho sau khi
cch ly vi ngun chy.
Cu kin lm bng vt liu d
chy v khng c lp bo
v bng vt liu khng chy
v c mc chy nh ca
vt liu d chy.
I.1.27. Cp in p (Voltage level)
Mt trong cc tr s in p danh nh c s dng trong mt h
thng no .
V d cp in p 110kV, 220kV hoc 500kV ...
I.1.28. lch in p (Voltage deviation)
lch in p th hin bng phn trm, gia in p ti mt thi
im cho ti mt im ca h thng v in p i chiu nh: in
p danh nh, tr s trung bnh ca in p vn hnh, in p cung cp
theo hp ng.
I.1.29. st in p ng dy (Line voltage drop)
chnh lch in p ti mt thi im cho gia cc in p o
c ti hai im xc nh trn ng dy.
I.1.30. Dao ng in p (Voltage fluctuation)
Hng lot cc thay i in p hoc s bin thin c chu k ca hnh
bao in p.
I.1.31. Qu in p (trong h thng) (Overvoltage (in a system))
Gi tr in p gia pha vi t hoc gia cc pha, c tr s nh vt
qu nh tng ng ca in p cao nht ca thit b.
I.1.32. Qu in p tm thi (Temporary overvoltage)
Mt gi tr qu in p dao ng ( tn s ca li) ti mt v tr xc
nh m khng gim c hoc tt dn trong mt thi gian tng i
lu.
I.1.33. Qu in p qu (Transient overvoltage)
Qu in p din ra trong thi gian rt ngn (khong mt vi phn
nghn giy hoc t hn), c dao ng hoc khng dao ng, thng tt
nhanh.
I.1.34. Dng in p (Voltage surge)
11
Mt sng in p qu lan truyn dc ng dy hoc mt mch
in, c c trng bi s tng in p rt nhanh, sau gim chm.
I.1.35. Phc hi in p (Voltage recovery)
S phc hi in p ti mt tr s gn vi tr s trc ca n sau khi
in p b suy gim, b sp hoc b mt.
I.1.36. S khng cn bng in p (Voltage unbalance)
Hin tng khc nhau gia in p trn cc pha, ti mt im trong
h thng nhiu pha, gy ra do s khc nhau gia cc dng in ti
hoc s khng i xng hnh hc trn ng dy.
I.1.37. Qu in p thao tc (Switching overvoltage)
in p qu c dng tng t vi dng ca xung in p
ng ct tiu chun, c nh gi cho cc mc ch phi hp cch
in.
I.1.38. Qu in p st (Lightning overvoltage)
Qu in p qu c hnh dng tng t vi hnh dng ca
xung st tiu chun, c nh gi cho mc ch phi hp cch in.
I.1.39. Qu in p cng hng (Resonant overvoltage)
Qu in p pht sinh do dao ng cng hng duy tr trong h thng
in.
I.1.40. H s khng cn bng (Unbalance factor)
Trong h thng in ba pha, mc khng cn bng c biu th
bng t s phn trm gia tr s hiu dng ca thnh phn th t
nghch (hay th t khng) vi thnh phn th t thun ca in p
hoc dng in.
I.1.41. Cp cch in (Insulation level)
L mt c tnh c xc nh bng mt hoc vi tr s ch r
in p chu ng cch in i vi mt chi tit c th ca thit b.
I.1.42. Cch in ngoi (External insulation)
Khong cch trong kh quyn v trn b mt tip xc vi khng kh
ca cch in rn ca thit b m chng chu tc ng ca ng sut
in mi, nhng tc ng ca kh quyn v cc tc ng bn ngoi
khc, nh: nhim, m v.v.
12
I.1.43. Cch in trong (Internal insulation)
Cc phn cch in dng rn, lng hoc kh bn trong thit b
c bo v chng tc ng ca kh quyn v cc tc ng bn ngoi
khc.
I.1.44. Cch in t phc hi (Self-restoring insulation)
Cch in c khi phc li hon ton nhng c tnh cch in
sau khi b phng in.
I.1.45. Cch in khng t phc hi (Non-self-restoring insulation)
Cch in b mt nhng c tnh cch in hoc khng khi phc li
hon ton nhng c tnh cch in sau khi b phng in.
I.1.46. Cch in chnh (Main insulation)
. Cch in ca b phn mang in c tc dng bo v chnh l
chng in git.
. Cch in chnh khng nht thit bao gm phn cch in
s dng ring cho cc mc ch chc nng.
I.1.47. Cch in ph (Auxiliary insulation)
Cch in c lp c t thm vo cch in chnh bo v chng
in git trong trng hp cch in chnh b hng.
I.1.48. Cch in kp (Double insulation)
Cch in bao gm ng thi c cch in chnh v cch in ph.
I.1.49. Phi hp cch in (Insulation co-ordination)
S la chn mc cch in ca thit b v cc c tnh ca thit b
bo v c tnh n in p c th xut hin trn h thng.
I.1.50. Truyn ti in (Transmission of electricity)
Vic truyn ti mt lng in nng t ngun in ti khu vc tiu th
in.
I.1.51. Phn phi in (Distribution of electricity)
Vic phn phi mt lng in nng ti khch hng trong khu
vc tiu th in.
I.1.52. Lin kt h thng in (Interconnection of power systems)
Lin kt cc h thng truyn ti in bng cc ng dy hoc my
bin p, trao i in nng gia cc h thng.
13
I.1.53. im u ni (Connection point)
L im ni ca n v pht in hoc li in ca ngi s dng
hoc li in truyn ti vo h thng in Quc gia.
I.1.54. S h thng in (System diagram)
Th hin bng hnh hc v b tr ca mt h thng in, trong
cha thng tin cn thit cho cc yu cu c th.
I.1.55. S vn hnh h thng in (System operational diagram)
Mt s h thng in biu th mt phng thc vn hnh nht nh.
I.1.56. Quy hoch h thng in (Power system planning)
L ton b cc nghin cu v chng trnh lin quan n s pht trin
ca h thng in, bo m cc tnh nng kinh t - k thut,
m bo yu cu tng trng ph ti in.
I.1.57. n nh ca h thng in (Power system stability)
Kh nng lp li trng thi xc lp ca mt h thng in, c trng
bi s vn hnh ng b ca cc my pht sau mt nhiu lon, v d
do bin thin cng sut hoc tng tr.
I.1.58. n nh ca ti (Load stability)
Kh nng lp li ch xc lp sau mt nhiu lon ca ti.
I.1.59. n nh tnh ca h thng in (Steady state stability of a power system)
S n nh ca h thng in sau cc nhiu lon c bin tng i
nh v tc bin thin chm.
I.1.60. n nh qu (n nh ng) ca h thng in (Transient
stability of a power system)
S n nh ca h thng, trong cc nhiu lon c th c bin
v/hoc tc bin thin tng i nhanh.
I.1,6.1. n nh c iu kin ca h thng in (Conditional stability of
a
power system)
n nh ca h thng in t c khng cn s tr gip ca cc
phng tin iu khin t ng.
I.1.62. Vn hnh ng b h thng in (Synchronous operation of a system)
Tnh trng ca h thng in trong tt c cc my in u vn
14
hnh ng b.
I.1.63. Trung tm iu h thng in Quc gia (National load dispatch
center)
L n v ch huy, iu hnh hot ng ca h thng in Quc gia
bao gm: lp k hoch pht in, phng thc vn hnh v thc hin
iu cc t my pht in u ni vi h thng in Quc gia,
iu khin hot ng ca li in truyn ti, iu mua bn in
vi h thng in bn ngoi.
I.1.64. H thng SCADA (Supervisory control and data acquisition system)
L h thng gim st, iu khin v thu thp cc d liu vn hnh ca
h thng in phc v cho vic x l ti cc trung tm iu khin.
I.1.65. Tiu chun vn hnh (Operation regulation)
L nhng quy nh v cc ch tiu kinh t, tiu chun k thut, tnh
ng b v an ton, tin cy ca h thng in do c quan Nh nc
c thm quyn ban hnh phc v cho mc ch lp k hoch, lp
phng thc v vn hnh h thng in Quc gia.
I.1.66. Qun l nhu cu h thng (System demand control)
S iu hnh nhu cu in ca pha tiu th trong h thng in.
I.1.67. D bo qun l h thng in (Management forecast of a system)
S chun b v kim tra cc chng trnh pht in, tc l phn d
phng v phn vn hnh, bao gm vic phn tch s li in
m bo cung cp in kinh t nht cho nhng ph ti d kin vi
mc an ton cn thit trong khong thi gian cho, ca h thng
cho, c xt n tt c cc hn ch hin hu v tnh hung c th
xy ra.
I.1.68. Tng cng h thng in (Reinforcement of a system)
B sung hoc thay th mt s thit b trong h thng in (nh my
bin p, ng dy, my pht v.v.) sao cho c kh nng p ng
c s tng trng ph ti hoc m bo cht lng cung cp in.
I.1.69. Khong cch lm vic ti thiu (Minimum working distance)
Khong cch an ton ti thiu, trong khng kh, c duy tr gia cc
b phn mang in thng xuyn vi mt nhn vin bt k ang lm
vic trong trm hoc ang x l trc tip bng dng c dn in.
15
I.1.70. Khong trng cch in ti thiu (Minimum insulation clearance)
Khong cch an ton nh nht phi tun theo gia cc b phn mang
in hoc gia phn mang in vi t.
I.1.71. Khi ng lnh t my nhit in (Cold start-up thermal generating set)
Qu trnh m t my pht c tng tc , ho vo h thng
mang ti sau mt thi gian di khng vn hnh.
I.1.72. Khi ng nng t my nhit in (Hot start-up thermal generating set)
Qu trnh mt my pht c tng tc , ho vo h thng v mang
ti sau thi gian ngn khng vn hnh m cha thay i qu nhiu tnh
trng nhit ca tuabin.
I.1.73. Kh nng qu ti (Overload capacity)
Ti cao nht m c th c duy tr trong mt thi gian ngn.
I.1.74. Sa thi ph ti (Load shedding)
Qu trnh loi b mt s ph ti c la chon trc gii quyt
tnh trng bt thng nhm duy tr tnh ton vn ca h thng in cn
li.
I.1.75. Cng sut sn sng ca mt t my (hoc mt nh my in)
(Available capacity of a unit (of a power station)
Cng sut ti a mt t my (hoc mt nh my in) c th vn
hnh lin tc trong nhng iu kin thc t.
I.1.76. Cng sut d phng ca mt h thng in (Reserve power of a system)
chnh lch gia cng sut tng sn sng v nhu cu cng
sut ca h thng in.
I.1.77. D phng nng (Hot stand-by)
Cng sut tng kh dng ca cc my pht ang chy khng ti hoc
non ti pht in nhanh vo h thng.
I.1.78. D phng ngui (Cold reserve)
Cng sut tng sn sng ca cc my pht d phng m vic khi
ng c th ko di vi gi.
I.1.79. D phng s c (Outage reserve)
L cng sut d phng c th huy ng vo vn hnh trong mt
16
khong thi gian khng qu 24 gi.
I.1.80. D bo ph ti (Load forecast)
S c tnh ph ti ca mt li in ti mt thi im tng lai nht
nh.
I.1.81. D bo cu trc pht in (Generation mix forecast)
D bo thnh phn ca h thng pht in ti mt thi im tng lai
cho.
I.1.82. Ch xc lp ca h thng in (Steady state of a power system)
Nhng iu kin vn hnh ca mt li in trong cc thng s
trng thi ca h thng c coi l n nh.
I.1.83. Ch qu ca h thng in (Transient state of a power system)
Ch vn hnh ca li in trong c t nht mt thng s trng
thi ang thay i, thng thng l trong thi gian ngn.
I.1.84. Trng thi cn bng ca li in nhiu pha (Balanced state of a
polyphase network)
Trng thi trong in p v dng in trong cc dy dn pha to
thnh cc h thng nhiu pha cn bng.
I.1.85. Trng thi khng cn bng ca mt li in nhiu pha (Unbalanced
state of a polyphase network)
Trng thi m trong in p v/hoc dng in trong cc dy
dn pha khng to thnh cc h thng nhiu pha cn bng.
I.1.86. tin cy cung cp in (Service reliability)
Kh nng ca mt h thng in p ng c chc nng cung cp
in trong nhng iu kin n nh, theo thi gian quy nh.
I.1.87. an ton cung cp in (Service security)
Kh nng hon thnh chc nng cung cp in ca h thng in ti
mt thi im cho trong vn hnh khi xut hin s c.
I.1.88. Phn phi kinh t ph ti (Economic loading schedule)
Vic khai thc cc thnh phn sn c ca li in sao cho
t hiu qu kinh t nht.
I.1.89. S cn bng ca li phn phi (Balancing of a distribution network)
S phn b ngun cp cho cc h tiu th cc pha khc nhau ca
li phn phi sao cho mc cn bng dng in l cao nht.
I.1.90. S phc hi ti (Load recovery)
17
Sau khi phc hi in p, vic tng cng sut ca h tiu th hoc h
thng, mc nhanh hoc chm ph thuc vo cc c tnh ca ti.
Ch dn chung v trang b in
I.1.91. Trong quy phm ny, mt s t c dng vi ngha nh sau:
Phi: bt buc thc hin.
Cn: cn thit, cn c nhng khng bt buc.
Nn: khng bt buc nhng thc hin th tt hn.
Thng hoc thng thng: c tnh ph bin, c s dng rng ri.
Cho php hoc c php: c thc hin, nh vy l tho ng v
cn thit.
Khng nh hn hoc t nht l: l nh nht.
Khng ln hn hoc nhiu nht l: l ln nht.
T ... n ...: k c tr s u v tr s cui.
Khong cch: t im n n im kia.
Khong trng: t mp n n mp kia trong khng kh.
I.1.92. Kt cu, cng dng, phng php lp t, cp cch in ca vt liu v
thit b in phi ph hp vi in p danh nh ca li in hoc
thit b in, vi iu kin mi trng v vi nhng yu cu nu trong
quy phm ny.
I.1.93. Thit b in dng trong cng trnh in phi c c tnh k thut ph
hp vi iu kin lm vic ca cng trnh.
I.1.94. Thit b ng ct in trong khng kh dng vng cao trn 1.000m
so vi mc nc bin phi c kim tra theo iu kin ng ct in
p sut kh quyn tng ng.
I.1.95. Thit b in v kt cu lin quan phi c bo v chng g v n
mn bng lp m, sn v.v. chu c tc ng ca mi trng.
Mu sc sn phi ph hp vi mu sc chung ca gian nh, kt cu
xy dng v thit b cng ngh, nu ngoi tri nn dng mu sn
phn x tt.
I.1.96. Vic la chn thit b, kh c in v kt cu lin quan, ngoi cc tiu
chun v chc nng cn phi m bo cc tiu chun v m, sng
mui, tc gi, nhit mi trng xung quanh, mc ng t v.v.
I.1.97. Phn xy dng ca cng trnh (kt cu nh v cc b phn trong nh,
thng gi, cp thot nc v.v.) phi tun theo cc tiu chun, quy
phm xy dng ca Nh nc.
18
I.1.98. Khi xy dng cng trnh in khng c ngi trc th khng cn lm
phng iu khin, phng ph cho ngi lm vic, cng nh xng
sa cha.
I.1.99. Vic thit k v chn cc phng n cho cng trnh in phi da trn
c s so snh cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut, p dng cc s n
gin v tin cy, trnh v kinh nghim khai thc, ng dng k
thut mi, la chn ti u nguyn vt liu.
I.1.100. Trong cng trnh in, cn c bin php d phn bit cc phn t
trong cng b phn nh c s , lc b tr thit b, k ch,
nh s hiu, sn mu khc nhau v.v.
I.1.101. Mu sn thanh dn cng tn mi cng trnh in phi ging nhau.
Thanh dn phi sn mu nh sau:
1. i vi li in xoay chiu ba pha: pha A mu vng, pha B mu
xanh l cy, pha C mu , thanh trung tnh mu trng cho li
trung tnh cch ly, thanh trung tnh mu en cho li trung tnh ni t
trc tip.
2. i vi in mt pha: dy dn ni vi im u cun dy ca ngun
in mu vng, dy ni vi im cui cun dy ca ngun mu .
Nu thanh dn ca li in mt pha r nhnh t thanh dn ca h
thng ba pha th phi sn theo mu cc pha trong li ba pha.
3. i vi li in mt chiu: thanh dng (+) mu , thanh m (-)
mu xanh, thanh trung tnh mu trng.
I.1.102. Phi b tr v sn thanh dn theo cc ch dn di y:
1. i vi thit b phn phi trong nh, in xoay chiu ba pha:
a. Khi thanh ci b tr thng ng: thanh trn (A) mu vng; thanh gia
(B) mu xanh l cy; thanh di (C) mu . Khi cc thanh b tr nm
ngang, nm nghing hoc theo hnh tam gic: thanh xa ngi nht
(A) mu vng; thanh gia (B) mu xanh l cy; thanh gn ngi nht
(C) mu . Trng hp ngi c th tip cn c t hai pha th
thanh pha gn hng ro hoc tng ro (A) mu vng, thanh xa hng
ro hoc tng ro (C) mu .
b. Cc thanh r nhnh t thanh ci: nu nhn t hnh lang vn hnh,
thanh tri (A) mu vng, thanh gia (B) mu xanh l cy v thanh
phi (C) mu .
2. i vi thit b phn phi ngoi tri, in xoay chiu ba pha:
a. Thanh ci v thanh ng vng: thanh gn my bin p in lc nht
(A) mu vng, thanh gia (B) mu xanh l cy, thanh xa nht (C) mu
.
19
b. Cc thanh r nhnh t h thng thanh ci: nu nhn t thit b phn
phi ngoi tri vo cc u ra ca my bin p in lc, thanh tri
(A) mu vng, thanh gia (B) mu xanh l cy, thanh phi (C) mu
.
c. ng dy vo trm: nu nhn t ng dy vo trm, ti v tr u
ni, thanh tri (A) mu vng, thanh gia (B) mu xanh l cy, thanh
phi (C) mu .
d. Thit b phn phi ngoi tri dng dy dn mm lm thanh ci th sn
mu pha chn s ca thit b hoc chm sn x mc thanh ci.
3. i vi in mt chiu:
a. Khi thanh ci b tr thng ng: thanh trn (thanh trung tnh) mu
trng; thanh gia (-) mu xanh; thanh di (+) mu .
b. Khi thanh ci b tr nm ngang: nu nhn t hnh lang vn
hnh, thanh trung tnh xa nht mu trng, thanh gia (-) mu
xanh, thanh gn nht (+) mu .
c. Cc thanh r nhnh t thanh ci: nu nhn t pha hnh lang vn
hnh, thanh tri (thanh trung tnh) mu trng, thanh gia (-)
mu xanh, thanh phi (+) mu .
d. Trng hp c bit, nu thc hin nh trn m gp kh khn v
lp t hoc phi xy thm tr gn cc thanh ci ca trm bin
p lm nhim v o pha th cho php thay i th t mu ca cc
thanh.
I.1.103. cng trnh in khng gy nh hng nhiu v nguy him cho
cng trnh thng tin lin lc, phi tun theo cc tiu chun, quy
phm hin hnh c lin quan. Phi c bin php chng nhiu dng
in cng nghip cho cc h thng thng tin v vin thng.
I.1.104. Trong cng trnh in phi c cc bin php m bo an ton sau:
Dng loi cch in thch hp. Trng hp c bit phi
dng cch in tng cng.
B tr c ly thch hp n phn dn in hoc bc kn phn dn
in.
Lm ro chn.
Dng kho lin ng cho kh c in v cho ro chn
ngn nga thao tc nhm.
Ct t ng tin cy v nhanh chng cch ly nhng phn thit b
in b chm chp v nhng khu vc li in b h hng.
Ni t v thit b in v mi phn t ca cng trnh in c
20
th b chm in.
San bng th in, dng my bin p cch ly hoc dng in p 42V
tr xung.
Dng h thng bo tn hiu, bin bo v bng cm.
Dng trang b phng h.
I.1.105. i vi li in n 1kV, nhng ni do iu kin an ton khng
th u trc tip cc thit b tiu th in vo li th phi dng my
bin p cch ly hoc dng my bin p gim p c in p th cp
42V tr xung. Khi dng cc loi my bin p trn, phi tun theo cc
ch dn di y:
1. My bin p cch ly phi c kt cu an ton v chu c
in p th nghim cao hn bnh thng.
2. Mi my bin p cch ly ch c cp in cho mt thit b v c
bo v bng cu chy hoc ptmt c dng in chnh nh khng
qu 15A pha s cp. in p s cp ca my bin p cch ly khng
c qu 380V.
3. Cm ni t cun dy th cp ca my bin p cch ly v thit b
tiu th in ca n. V ca my bin p ny phi c ni t.
4. My bin p gim p c in p th cp 42V tr xung c th dng
lm my bin p cch ly nu chng tho mn cc im nu trn.
My bin p gim p khng phi l my bin p cch ly th phi ni
t cc b phn sau: v my, mt trong nhng u ra hoc im
gia cun dy th cp.
I.1.106. Trong nh , nh cng cng, ca hng v.v. v hoc tm che phn
mang in khng c c l. Trong gian sn xut v gian in c
php dng v hoc tm che c l hoc kiu li.
I.1.107. Ro ngn v tm che phi c kt cu sao cho ch tho hoc m bng
c l hoc dng c ring.
I.1.108. Ro ngn v tm che phi c bn c hc. i vi thit b
trn 1kV, chiu dy ca tm che bng kim loi khng c nh hn
1mm.
I.1.109. trnh tai nn cho ngi do dng in v h quang gy ra, mi trang
b in phi c trang b phng h ph hp vi quy phm s dng, th
nghim v quy phm an ton in.
I.1.110. Vic phng chy v cha chy cho trang b in c thit b cha
du, ngm trong du hoc tm du, sn cch in v.v. phi thc
hin theo cc yu cu nu trong cc phn tng ng ca QT
v quy nh ca c quan phng chy a phng.
21
Ngoi ra khi a trang b in ni trn vo sn xut, phi
trang b y phng tin cha chy theo quy nh ca quy
phm phng chy v cha chy.
u cng trnh in vo h thng in
I.1.111. Khi cng trnh in cn u vo h thng in, ngoi nhng th tc
xy dng c bn c quy nh cn phi c s tho thun ca c
quan qun l h thng in, phi tun theo cc vn bn php quy hin
hnh v nhng iu kin k thut u ni nh sau:
1. Lp phng n xy dng cng trnh trong h thng in.
2. Tng hp s liu ph ti in trong khu vc s xy dng cng trnh.
3. D kin im u vo h thng in (trm in, nh my in hoc
ng dy dn in), cp in p nhng im u, trang b ti im
u ni.
4. Chn in p, tit din v chng loi ca ng dy trn khng
hoc ng cp v phng tin iu chnh in p, nu nhng yu
cu v tuyn ng dy. i vi cng trnh ln cn phi nu
thm phng n chn s mch u.
5. Nu yu cu v s cn thit phi tng cng li in hin c do u
thm cng trnh mi (tng tit din dy dn, thay th hoc tng
cng sut my bin p).
6. Nu nhng yu cu ring i vi cc trm in v thit b ca h
tiu thin c u vo h thng nh: cn c bo v t ng
cc u vo, cho php cc ng dy lm vic song song, cn c cc
ngn in d phng v.v.
7. Xc nh dng in ngn mch tnh ton.
8. Nu nhng yu cu v bo v rle, t ng, cch in, bo v chng
qu in p.
9. Nu cc bin php nng cao h s cng sut.
10. Nu cc yu cu v o m in nng.
11. Xc nh nhng iu kin u trang b in c l in, thit b in
cao tn v.v.
12. Nu nhng yu cu i vi cc cng trnh ph tr v cc cng trnh
khc
(nh thng tin lin lc v.v.).
I.1.112. Cng trnh in v thit b in xy lp xong phi c th
nghim, nghim thu, bn giao v a vo khai thc theo quy nh hin
22
hnh.
Chng I.2
LI IN V CUNG CP IN
I.2.1. Chng ny p dng cho li in ca h thng in, ca x nghip cng
nghip v thnh ph v.v.
Vic cung cp in cho cc cng trnh ngm, xe in v.v. ngoi cc yu
cu nu trong chng ny cn phi tun theo cc quy phm chuyn
ngnh.
I.2.2. H thng nng lng l tp hp cc nh my in, li in v li
nhit c ni vi nhau, c lin h mt thit, lin tc trong qu trnh
sn xut, bin i v phn phi in v nhit.
I.2.3. H thng in l h thng nng lng khng c li nhit.
I.2.4. Trm in l mt phn t ca h thng in, c th l trm pht in,
trm bin p, trm ct hoc trm b cng sut phn khng v.v.
I.2.5. Trm bin p l trm c cc my bin p lc kt ni hai hoc nhiu li
in c in p khc nhau.
I.2.6. Trm ct l trm gm thit b ng ct, cc thanh ci, khng c my bin
p lc.
I.2.7. Trm b cng sut phn khng gm hai loi:
23
Trm b cng sut phn khng bng t in.
Trm b cng sut phn khng bng my b ng b.
I.2.8. Trm cch in kh (Gas insulated substation - GIS): Trm thu gn t
trong bung kim loi c ni t, cch in cho cc thit b in
chnh ca trm bng cht kh nn (khng phi l khng kh).
I.2.9. Ngun cung cp in c lp cho mt ph ti l ngun khng b mt
in khi ngun khc mt in.
Cc trm phn phi nhn in t hai nh my in hoc t hai ngun
cp in hoc t hai phn on thanh ci ca nh my in hoc trm
in c gi l ngun cung cp in c lp, nu tho mn c hai iu
kin:
Mi phn on u c cp t ngun in c lp.
Cc phn on khng lin h vi nhau hoc c lin h th t ng
tch ra khi mt phn on b s c.
I.2.10. a in su l phng thc cung cp in cao p vo st h tiu th
vi t cp bin p nht.
I.2.11. iu chnh in p l hot ng lm thay i in p thanh ci nh
my in hoc trm bin p duy tr in p mc cho php.
Yu cu chung
I.2.12. Vic cp in cho cc h tiu th bao gm c vic chn s lng v
cch b tr trm in phi c gii quyt mt cch tng hp tu
theo tnh hnh nng lng trong khu vc (ngun thu nng, nhin
liu a phng, nhin liu ph thi, nhu cu v nhit, kh nng cp
in ca cc nh my in ln cc vng ln cn v.v.) trn c s iu
tra ph ti in v d kin pht trin kinh t a phng trong 10
nm sau, ng thi phi xt n iu kin d phng. Ngoi ra cn phi
tnh n cc kh nng v bin php gim dng in ngn mch v
gim tn tht in nng.
I.2.13. Vic chn phng n cp in phi da trn c s sau khi m bo
cc ch tiu k thut, so snh vn u t, chi ph khai thc hng nm
cho cng trnh vi thi gian hon vn t 5 n 8 nm, so snh tnh u
vit ca mi phng n.
I.2.14. Vic thit k, xy dng mi v ci to li in phi p ng yu cu
pht trin chung v in trong tng giai on v kh nng m rng
trong tung lai t nht l 10 nm sau.
I.2.15. Kh nng ti in ca ng dy v my bin p ni nh my
24
in chuyn dng ca x nghip cng nghip vi h thng in phi
bo m:
a cng sut d ca nh my in chuyn dng vo h thng
in trong mi ch lm vic.
Nhn cng sut thiu khi my pht cng sut ln nht ca
nh my in chuyn dng ngng hot ng do s c, sa cha theo
k hoch v kim tra.
I.2.16. Mi nh my in khi a vo lm vic song song vi li in Quc
gia, ch qun cc nh my phi tho thun vi c quan qun l li
in Quc gia.
I.2.17. Khi cng sut tiu th ca cc x nghip cng nghip nh hn kh nng
ti ca ng dy cp in chuyn dng th c th kt hp cp in
cho cc h tiu th in khc theo tho thun.
Khi xy dng x nghip cng nghip mi m bn cnh s hnh
thnh thnh ph hoc khu dn c mi th s cp in ca x
nghip phi tnh n kh nng tch ring ph ti sinh hot.
I.2.18. Li 500, 220, 110kV l loi trung tnh ni t trc tip. Li 6, 10,
35kV l loi trung tnh cch ly c th ni t qua cun dp h
quang in, trong trng hp c bit c th ni t trc tip. Li
15, 22kV l loi trung tnh ni trc tip, trong trng hp c bit c
th trung tnh cch ly hoc ni t qua in tr nh.
i vi li in 6 35kV c im trung tnh ni t qua cun dp h
quang th vic b dng in dung khi c chm t c thc hin
trong cc trng hp sau:
1. li in 35 kV: khi dng in chm t ln hn 10A.
4. t hp khi my pht in - my bin p 6 22 kV: khi dng
in chm t ln hn 5A.
I.2.19. Thng thng trm in t 35kV tr xung c thit k theo ch
khng c ngi trc m dng thit b t ng, khi cn thit th dng
cc thit b iu khin t xa v h thng tn hiu bo s c. Bng
iu khin ch cn t trm nt cung cp in cho cc trm.
I.2.20. Mi thit b in u vo ng dy c cun khng in phi chn
theo dng in ngn mch sau cun khng in (xem iu I.4.7).
25
I.2.21. Dao cch ly v dao cch ly t ng tiu chun c php dng ct v
ng:
1. My bin in p, dng in np ca cc thanh ci v thit b in.
2. Dng in cn bng ca ng dy nu hiu in p dao cch ly
hoc dao cch ly t ng sau khi ct 2% tr s danh nh.
3. Dng in chm t 5A, i vi ng dy 22 35kV v 3A i
vi ng dy 10kV tr xung.
Cng cho php dng dao cch ly ct v ng:
im ni t trung tnh ca my bin p.
Cun dp h quang khi khng c chm t trong li in.
Mch vng (khi my ct u song song vi dao cch ly ng).
Vic xc nh cng sut khng ti ca my bin p lc v chiu di
ng dy theo cp in p cho php dng dao cch ly hoc dao
cch ly t ng tiu chun ng ct, vic chn bin php lp t
cc loi dao trn v vic xc nh khong cch gia cc cc ca dao
u phi tun theo ch dn ca nh ch to cng nh quy nh k thut
hin hnh.
I.2.22. Cho php dng in xoay chiu lm ngun thao tc ni b n gin
v h gi thnh.
I.2.23. nhng ni cha c quy hoch n nh nn dng ng dy trn
khng, cn vi nhng th v khu cng nghip c quy hoch
c duyt th dng cp ngm.
i vi ng dy h p c gng dng dy bc. Vi ng dy
22kV tr xung nhng ni c hnh lang cht hp, nhiu cy ci nn
dng dy bc.
Cho php b tr cc ng dy c in p v cng dng khc nhau
chung ct vi ng dy trn khng nhng phi tun theo cc quy nh
nu trong Phn II ca quy phm ny.
I.2.24. Tit din dy dn, thanh dn v cp phi c chn theo:
1. Mt dng in kinh t nu trong Chng I.3.
2. Kh nng ti in theo pht nng ca dy dn trong ch bnh
thng v ch s c nu trong Chng I.3.
3. Tn tht in p trong cc iu kin theo iu I.2.39.
4. n nh, pht nng v lc in ng trong cc ch ngn
26
mch nu trong Chng I.4.
5. S liu tnh ton c - l ng dy.
6. Vng quang in (iu I.3.31).
Loi h tiu th in, tin cy cung cp in
I.2.25. Tu theo tin cy cung cp in, cc h tiu th c chia thnh 3 loi
sau y:
Loi I l nhng h tiu th in m khi cung cp in b gin on
s nh hng n an ninh Quc gia, nh hng n cc c quan
trng yu ca Nh nc, gy nguy him cht ngi, tn tht nghim
trng v kinh t hoc theo nhu cu cp in c bit ca khch hng.
Loi II l nhng h tiu th in m khi cung cp in b gin on
s gy tn tht ln v kinh t, ri lon cc qu trnh cng ngh phc
tp, ri lon hot ng bnh thng ca thnh ph.
Loi III l nhng h tiu th in khng thuc hai loi trn.
I.2.26. H tiu th in loi I phi c cung cp in bng t nht hai ngun
cung cp in c lp v mt ngun d phng ti ch. Ch c php
ngng cung cp in trong thi gian t ng ng ngun d phng.
Ngun in d phng ti ch c th l trm c nh hoc lu ng c
my pht in hoc b lu in (UPS) v.v.
I.2.27. i vi h tiu th in loi II phi c cung cp in bng t nht mt
ngun cung cp in chnh v mt ngun d phng, c php ngng
cung cp in trong thi gian cn thit ng ngun d phng.
I.2.28. i vi h tiu th in loi III, c php ngng cung cp in
trong thi gian sa cha hoc x l s c.
S cung cp in
I.2.29. Khi xy dng mi hoc ci to li in, nn dng s cung cp
in n gin, tin cy v c in p cao. Phi a ngun cung cp in
vo gn trung tm ph ti ca cc x nghip cng nghip v thnh ph
bng cch a in su in p 110 220kV, xy dng trm in
gn trung tm ph ti hoc ngay trong x nghip, chia nh cc trm
in.
cp in cho trm ring l, nn dng rng ri hnh thc r nhnh
trc tip t mt hoc hai ng dy song song, ti ch r nhnh nn t
cu dao ph ti.
m bo cp in cho li in thnh ph nn dng s mch
vng cp in cho cc trm.
27
C gng dng rng ri s trm n gin khng c my ct in u
vo v khng c thanh ci pha cao p hoc ch c h thng thanh ci
n. H thng thanh ci kp ch c dng khi c lun c xc ng.
I.2.30. Phi t my ct u vo trong cc trng hp sau:
1. Ti cc u vo ca trm 110kV tr ln .
2. u vo cc trm cc trm bin p n 35kV c cng sut
ln hn 1600 kVA.
I.2.31. Nn dng cu chy t ri hoc cu chy cao p phi hp vi cu dao
ph ti v/hoc dao cch ly bo v ngn mch cho my bin p
35kV tr xung
(xem iu I.2.21) v cho cc b t in.
I.2.32. Khi thit k trm cp in phi c bin php hn ch cng sut
ngn mch trong li nhn in ti tr s cng sut ct ln nht cho
php ca cc my ct t trong li ny.
Khi hn ch cng sut ngn mch bng khng in trn cc ng
dy ra, cho php dng mt khng in chung cho nhiu ng
dy nhng mi ng dy phi u qua dao cch ly ring. Trong
trng hp ny nn dng khng in phn chia.
I.2.33. Li in phi tnh vi ph ti ca mi h tiu th trong ch s c.
Trong mt s trng hp khi thit k trm, cho php tnh n vic t
ng sa thi mt s ph ti t quan trng khi s c.
I.2.34. Khi gii quyt vn d phng phi tnh n kh nng qu ti ca thit
b in (theo nh ch to) v ngun d phng.
I.2.35. Khi tnh ch s c khng xt n tnh hung ng thi ct s c v
ct sa cha; ng thi ct s c hoc ng thi ct sa cha nhiu
on li hoc nhiu ng dy.
I.2.36. Mi ng dy ca h thng cp in phi mang ti theo yu cu phn
b dng in bo m tn tht in nng nh nht, tr cc on
ngn d phng.
I.2.37. Khi thit k li in nn s dng cc thit b t ng ng li, t
ng ng ngun d phng v t ng sa thi ph ti theo tn s.
I.2.38. Kt cu s li in phn phi trong x nghip phi bo m cp
in cho cc dy chuyn cng ngh lm vic song song v bo m d
phng ln nhau cho cc t my bng cch nhn in t cc trm
hoc ng dy khc nhau hoc t cc phn on thanh ci khc nhau
ca cng mt trm.
Cht lng in p v iu chnh in p
28
I.2.39. Mc in p ti cc im trong li in phi xc nh theo phng
thc vn hnh v theo ch ph ti cc i v cc tiu. Trong iu
kin bnh thng, lch in p c php dao ng trong khong
t 5% so vi vi in p danh nh v c xc nh ti v tr t thit
b o m in hoc ti v tr khc do hai bn tho thun.
Trong trng hp li in cha n nh, in p c dao
ng t -10% n +5%.
I.2.40. ch lm vic bnh thng ca h thng in, my bin p n
35kV phi c iu chnh in p trong phm vi t 5% in p danh
nh.
I.2.41. ch lm vic bnh thng ca trm cp in, trong thi gian tng
ph ti gim n 30% so vi tr s ph ti ln nht, in p ti thanh
ci phi duy tr mc in p danh nh ca li.
I.2.42. iu chnh in p, li in 110kV tr ln nn dng my bin
p c b iu chnh in p di ti vi di iu chnh t (10 15%).
Ngoi ra cn xt n vic dng thit b iu chnh in p ti ch nh:
ng c ng b
My b ng b
Cc b t in b
ng dy lin h in p n 1kV gia cc trm bin p c
th ct mt s my bin p trong ch ph ti cc tiu
I.2.43. Vic chn in p v h thng cp in cho cc li in ng lc v
chiu sng trong cc phn xng dng in p 660V tr xung phi
c gii quyt mt cch ton din.
Nu dng my bin p cung cp in ng lc v chiu sng cho
h tiu th th s li phi cho php ct bt my bin p trong
nhng gi khng lm vic hoc ngy ngh v chuyn vic cp
in chiu sng thng trc sang my bin p ring cng sut
nh hoc qua ng dy ni sang mt trong nhng my bin p
cn lm vic.
I.2.44. Trong iu kin bnh thng, tn s h thng in c php dao
ng trong phm vi t 0,2Hz so vi tn s danh nh l 50Hz. Trong
trng hp h thng in cha n nh, cho php lch tn s l
t 0,5Hz.
Pha h tiu th in c cng sut s dng t 80kW hoc my bin p
c dung lng t 100kVA tr ln phi m bo cos 0,85 ti im
t cng t mua bn in. Trng hp cos < 0,85 th phi thc hin
cc bin php sau:
29
Lp t thit b b cng sut phn khng nng cos t t 0,85 tr
ln.
Mua thm cng sut phn khng trn h thng in ca pha cung
cp.
Trng hp pha h tiu th c kh nng pht cng sut phn
khng ln li, hai bn c th tho thun vic mua bn trong hp
ng.
Li in thnh ph in p n 35kV
I.2.45. Theo tin cy cung cp in, cc h tiu th in trong thnh ph
c phn loi theo iu I.2.25.
I.2.46. Khi nghin cu m rng thnh ph phi lp s cp in trong tng
lai; phi xt n kh nng thc hin tng phn ca s ph hp vi
tng giai on pht trin ca thnh ph.
i vi li in c khng p ng yu cu k thut khai thc hoc
c trn 50% b phn trong li ht thi gian s dng th phi
nghin cu ci to ton din.
I.2.47. Tit din ca cp in xy dng theo giai on u, phi c chn
ph hp vi s cp in chung theo quy hoch.
I.2.48. Ph ti in tnh ton ca cc h tiu th u vo li in n 380V
phi c xc nh theo ph ti hin c cng thm mc pht trin hng
nm l 10 20%.
I.2.49. H s ng thi tnh ph ti cc i ca cc h tiu th thun dng
nh sau:
Ph ti chiu sng cng cng K
t
= 1
Ph ti sinh hot K
t
= 0,9
Ph ti thng mi dch v, vn phng K
t
= 0,85
Ph ti tiu th cng nghip K
t
= 0,4 0,5
I.2.50. Khi cha c c s la chn h s ng thi chc chn do ph ti hn
hp, c th p dng cng thc gn ng sau:
P
max
= K
t
(P
assh
+ P
cn,tcn
+ P
nn
) = K
t
P
Trong :
P
assh
: tng nhu cu cng sut cho nh sng sinh hot
P
cn,tcn
: tng nhu cu cng sut cho cng nghip hoc tiu th cng
nghip
P
nn
: tng nhu cu cng sut cho nng nghip
30
K
t
l h s ng thi cng sut ca cc ph ti khu vc c th
la chn nh sau:
Khi P
assh
= 0,5 SP th ly K
t
= 0,6
Khi P
assh
= 0,7 SP th ly K
t
= 0,7
Khi P
assh
= SP th ly K
t
= 0,9
Cc trng hp khc K
t
c th ni suy.
I.2.51. H s ng thi tnh ph ti cho ng dy 6 - 35kV:
Vi l cp in c t 3 n 5 trm bin p ly K
t
= 0,9
t
= 0,8
t
= 0,75
Vi l cp in c trn 20 trm bin p ly K
t
= 0,7
I.2.52. Tu theo yu cu ca ph ti, li in trn 1kV nn xy dng theo
s c thit b t ng ng ngun d phng.
I.2.53. Trong li in c t ng ng ngun d phng cho h tiu th, nn
thc hin vic truyn tn hiu bo my ct s c trm phn phi v
trm iu .
I.2.54. cp in cho ph ti khu vc c quy hoch n nh, li in mi
cp in p nn dng ng cp chn ngm; cn khu vc cha c quy
hoch n nh, li in nn dng ng dy trn khng. Trong thnh
ph phi dng cp vn xon v/hoc cp ngm.
I.2.55. Li in phn phi h p, khi xy mi hoc ci to phi l li 3 pha
4 dy 380/220V c trung tnh ni t trc tip.
I.2.56. Ch c u ph ti vo li phn phi hoc u vo pha 380V ca
trm bin p nu dao ng in p khi ng in khng vt qu t 5%
in p danh nh ca li. Nu s ln ng ct in ph ti trn trong
mt ngy m khng qu 5 ln th khng quy nh mc dao ng in
p.
I.2.57. Li in i t trung tm cp in n h tiu th phi c kim tra
v lch in p cho php c xt n ch in p thanh ci ca
trung tm cp in. Nu lch in p vt qu gii hn cho php th
phi c cc bin php iu chnh in p.
I.2.58. Khi xc nh lch in p cho li in trong nh, mc st in p
thit b tiu th in xa nht khng qu 2,5%.
31
Chng I.3
CHN TIT DIN DY DN
Phm vi p dng
I.3.1. Chng ny p dng cho vic chn tit din dy dn, gm cc loi dy
trn, dy bc, cp v thanh dn, theo mt dng in kinh t, theo
tn tht in p cho php, pht nng cho php v iu kin vng
quang. Nu tit din dy dn chn theo cc iu kin trn nh hn tit
din chn theo cc iu kin khc nh bn c hc, bo v qu ti,
n nh ng in v n nh nhit th phi ly tit din ln nht.
Chn dy dn theo mt dng in kinh t
I.3.2. Phi la chn tit din dy dn v cp trn 1kV theo mt dng in
kinh t bng cng thc:
I
S = -------
j
kt
Trong :
I l dng in tnh ton ln nht ca ng dy trong ch
lm vic bnh thng c tnh n tng trng ph ti theo qui hoch,
khng k n dng in tng do s c h thng hoc phi ct in
sa cha bt k phn t no trn li.
j
kt
l mt dng in kinh t, tham kho trong bng I.3.1.
Sau tit din tnh ton c quy v tit din tiu chun gn nht.
I.3.3. Vic tng s ng dy hoc s mch ng dy la chn tit din
theo mt dng in kinh t phi da trn c s tnh ton kinh t k
thut m bo tin cy cung cp in.
Trong mt s trng hp, khi ci to nng cp, trnh phi tng s
ng dy hoc s mch cho php tng mt dng in kinh t ti
mc gp i tr s cho trong bng I.3.1.
Khi tnh ton kinh t k thut, phi k n ton b vn u t tng
thm, gm c ng dy v cc thit b cc ngn l hai u, ng thi
cng phi xt c phng n nng cp in p ng dy so snh la
chn.
Nhng ch dn trn cng c p dng cho trng hp ci to nng
cp tit din ng dy do qu ti. Khi , chi ph ci to phi k c gi
thit b v vt t mi tr i gi tr thu hi.
Bng I.3.1: Mt dng in kinh t
32
Vt dn in
Mt dng in kinh t (A/mm
2
)
S gi s dng ph ti cc i trong nm (h)
Trn 1000 n 3000 Trn 3000 n 5000 Trn 5000
Thanh v dy trn:
+ ng
+ Nhm
2,5
1,3
2,1
1,1
1,8
1,0
Cp cch in giy, dy bc
cao su, hoc PVC:
+ Rut ng
+ Rut nhm
3,0
1,6
2,5
1,4
2,0
1,2
Cp cch in cao su hoc
nha tng hp:
+ Rut ng
+ Rut nhm
3,5
1,9
3,1
1,7
2,7
1,6
I.3.4. Khng la chn tit in dy dn theo mt dng in kinh t trong
cc trng hp sau:
1. Li in x nghip hoc cng trnh cng nghip n 1kV c s gi
ph ti cc i n 5000h.
2. Li phn phi in p n 1kV (xem iu I.3.6) v li chiu
sng chn theo tn tht in p cho php.
3. Thanh ci mi cp in p.
4. Dy dn n bin tr, in tr khi ng.
5. Li in tm thi v li in c thi gian s dng di 5 nm.
I.3.5. Khi dng bng I.3.1 cn phi theo cc ni dung sau:
1. Nu ph ti cc i xut hin vo ban m th j
kt
c tng thm
40%.
2. Vi dy bc cch in c tit din n 16mm
2
th j
kt
c tng thm
40%.
3. i vi DK tit din ng nht c n ph ti r nhnh dc theo chiu
di th j
kt
on u ng dy c tng K
1
ln. K
1
xc nh theo
cng thc:

33
K
n n
l l l I l I
L I
K
. ... . .
.
1
2
2
2
1 1
2
1
2
1
+ + +

Trong :
I
1
, I
2
, ... I
n
l cc dng in ca tng on ng dy.
l
1
, l
2
, ... l
n
l chiu di tng on ng dy.
L l chiu di ton b ng dy.
4. Nu DK di c nhiu ph ti phn b dc ng dy th nn chia
ng dy thnh 2 on la chn 2 loi tit din khc nhau theo
cch mc 3. Khng nn chn ti 3 loi tit din trn mt ng trc
trn khng.
5. ng trc cp ngm c nhiu ph ti phn b dc ng ch nn
chn mt loi tit din duy nht theo cch mc 3.
6. Khi chn tit din dy dn cho nhiu h tiu th cng loi d phng
ln nhau (v d bm nc, chnh lu v.v.) gm n thit b, trong m
thit b lm vic ng thi, s thit b cn li l d phng, th j
kt
c
tng K
2
ln:
n
2

m
Chn dy dn theo tn tht in p cho php
I.3.6. Trong li in phn phi n 1kV, tit din dy dn c la chn
theo tn tht in p cho php v kim tra li theo iu kin pht nng
lu di cho php:
U
max
[U
cp
]
Trong li in trn 1kV n 22kV, vic chn tit din dy dn cn
thc hin theo so snh kinh t - k thut gia iu I.3.2 v iu I.3.6.
I.3.7. Tn tht in p cho php c th tng trng hp ph thuc vo yu
cu ca loi hnh ph ti, k c khi khi ng cc ng c in v c
tnh n vic tng trng ph ti trong tng lai, nht l vi ng cp
ngm.
I.3.8. i vi ph ti in c yu cu n nh in p mc cao c bit,
nu chn tit din dy dn theo tn tht in p cho php b qu ln gy
tn km, th phi so snh vi phng n nng cp in p ng dy
km theo bin p h p cui ng dy hoc phng n m bo st
p mc bnh thng.
34
Chn dy dn theo pht nng cho php
I.3.9. Cc trng hp ghi trong iu I.3.4 l trng hp dy dn c la
chn theo nhit pht nng cho php, sau kim tra thm cc tiu ch
khc, nh st p cho php, n nh in ng, gii hn tit din v
tn tht vng quang; cn cc trng hp khc th pht nng cho php
ch dng kim tra li dy dn sau khi c la chn theo mt
dng in kinh t hoc tn tht in p cho php.
I.3.10. Cc loi dy dn u phi tho mn pht nng cho php, khng ch
trong ch lm vic bnh thng m c trong ch s c h thng,
tc l ch c mt s phn t khc b tch khi h thng lm tng
dng in phn t ang xt.
Ph ti ln nht c xt l ph ti cc i trung bnh trong na gi,
xt tng lai pht trin trong 10 nm ti vi ng dy trn
khng v sau 20 nm i vi ng cp ngm.
I.3.11. i vi ch lm vic ngn hn v ngn hn lp li ca ph ti
(tng thi gian mt chu k n 10 pht v thi gian lm vic trong
chu k khng qu 4 pht), kim tra tit din dy dn theo pht
nng cho php, ph ti tnh ton c quy v ch lm vic lin tc,
khi :
1. i vi dy ng tit din n 6mm
2
v dy nhm n 10mm
2
,
ph ti tnh ton c ly l ph ti ngn hn c coi l ph ti lin
tc.
2. i vi dy ng trn 6mm
2
v dy nhm trn 10mm
2
, ph ti tnh
ton l ph ti ngn hn nhn thm vi h s:
0,875
t
lv
Trong : t
lv
l t s gia thi gian lm vic trong chu k vi thi
gian ton b
chu k lin tc.
I.3.12. i vi ch lm vic ngn hn c thi gian ng in khng qu 4
pht v thi gian ngh gia 2 ln ng in lm ngui dy n nhit
mi trng, ph ti ln nht cho php c xc nh theo iu
I.3.9.
Khi thi gian ng in trn 4 pht v thi gian ngh gia 2 ln ng
in khng lm ngui dy, th ph ti ln nht coi nh ph ti lm
vic lin tc.
I.3.13. i vi 2 ng cp tr ln thng xuyn lm vic song song, khi
xt pht nng cho php ca mt ng ch s c, tc l ch
35
c mt trong nhng ng cp trn khng vn hnh tm thi,
cho php tnh ton ng cp cn li vn hnh qu ti theo ti liu ca
nh ch to.
I.3.14. Dy trung tnh trong li 3 pha 4 dy phi c dn in khng nh
hn 50% dn din ca dy pha.
I.3.15. Khi xc nh dng in lu di cho php i vi dy dn trn v bc
cch in, cp ngm, thanh dn khi nhit mi trng khc vi nhit
ni iu I.3.16, 18 v 25 th dng h s hiu chnh nu trong bng
I.3.30.
I.3.16. Dng in lu di cho php i vi dy dn c bc cch in cao su
hoc PVC, cp cch in cao su hoc nha tng hp c v ch,
PVC hoc cao su do nh ch to quy nh; nu khng c quy
nh th tham kho trong bng I.3.3 I.3.9, c tnh vi
nhit pht nng ca rut l +65
o
C khi nhit khng kh xung
quanh l +25
o
C hoc khi nhit trong t l +15
o
C.
Khi xc nh s lng dy dn t trong cng mt ng (hoc rut ca
dy nhiu si) khng tnh n dy trung tnh ca h thng 3 pha 4 dy
(hoc rut ni t).
Bng I.3.2: H s hiu chnh
c im ca t
Nhit tr sut,
cm.
o
K/W
H s hiu chnh
Ct c m trn 9%, t st pha ct
c m trn 1%
80 1,05
t v ct c m 7- 9%, t st pha
ct m 12-14%
120 1,00
Ct c m trn 4% v nh hn 7%,
t st pha ct c m 8-12%
200 0,87
Ct c m ti 4%, t 300 0,75
Bng I.3.3: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn h p rut ng
bc cao su hoc PVC
36
Tit din
rut, mm
2
Dng in cho php (A)
Dy
th
Dy t chung trong ng
2 dy
mt rut
3 dy
mt rut
4 dy
mt rut
1 dy
hai rut
1 dy
ba rut
5
0,75
1,0
1,5
2,5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
11
15
17
23
30
41
50
80
100
140
170
215
270
330
385
440
510
605
695
830
-
-
16
19
27
38
46
70
85
115
135
185
225
275
315
360
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
17
25
35
42
60
80
100
125
170
210
255
290
330
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
16
25
30
40
50
75
90
115
150
185
225
260
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
18
25
32
40
55
80
100
125
160
195
245
295
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
15
21
27
34
50
70
85
100
135
175
215
250
-
-
-
-
-
Bng I.3.4: Dng in cho php lu di ca dy dn h p rut ng
cch in cao su v bo v bng kim loi, v cp rut ng cch in
cao su trong v ch, PVC hoc cao su c hoc khng c ai thp.
Ghi ch:
(*)
i vi dy hoc cp c hoc khng c rut trung tnh
Bng I.3.5: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn h p rut nhm cch
in cao su hoc PVC
Tit
din
Dng in cho php (A)
Dy t chung trong mt ng
Tit din
rut, mm
2
Dng in
(*)
cho php (A)
Dy v cp
Mt rut Hai rut Ba rut
Khi t trong:
Khng kh Khng kh t Khng kh t
1,5
2,5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
23
30
41
50
80
100
140
170
215
270
325
385
440
510
605
19
27
38
50
70
90
115
140
175
215
260
300
350
405
-
33
44
55
70
105
135
175
210
265
320
485
445
505
570
-
19
25
35
42
55
75
95
120
145
180
220
260
305
350
-
27
38
49
60
90
115
150
180
225
275
330
385
435
500
-
37
rut,
m
2
Dy t
h
2 dy mt
rut
3 dy mt
rut
4 dy mt
rut
1 dy
hai rut
1 dy ba
rut
2,5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
24
32
39
60
75
105
130
165
210
255
295
340
390
465
535
645
20
28
36
50
60
85
100
140
175
215
245
275
-
-
-
-
19
28
32
47
60
80
95
130
165
200
220
255
-
-
-
-
19
23
30
39
55
70
85
120
140
175
200
-
-
-
-
-
19
25
31
42
60
75
95
125
150
190
230
-
-
-
-
-
16
21
26
38
55
65
75
105
135
165
190
-
-
-
-
-
Bng I.3.6: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp h p rut nhm cch in cao
su hoc nha tng hp c v bo v bng kim loi, PVC hoc cao su,
c hoc khng c ai thp.
Tit din
rut,
(mm
2
)
Dng in
(*)
cho php (A)
Khng kh Khng
kh

t
Khng kh t
2,5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
23
31
38
60
75
105
130
165
210
250
295
21
29
38
55
70
90
105
135
165
200
230
34
42
55
80
105
135
160
205
245
295
340
19
27
32
42
60
75
90
110
140
170
200
29
38
46
70
90
115
140
175
210
255
295
38
150
185
240
340
390
465
270
310
-
390
440
-
235
270
-
335
385
-
Ghi ch (*): i vi cp 4 rut cch in bng nha tng hp, in p
n 1kV c th chn theo bng ny nh i vi cp 3 rut nhng
nhn vi h s 0,92.
Bng I.3.7: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp mm h p rut ng
cch in cao su dng cho thit b di ng
Ghi ch:
(*)
i vi cp c hoc khng c rut trung tnh.
Bng I.3.8: Dng in cho php lu di ca cp mm rut ng cch in
cao su dng cho thit b di ng
Tit din rut (mm
2
)
Dng in
(*)
cho php (A)
0,5kV 3kV 6kV
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
44
60
80
100
125
155
190
45
60
80
105
125
155
195
47
65
85
105
130
160
-
Tit din rut
(mm
2
)
Dng in
(*)
cho php (A)
0,5
0,75
1,0
1,5
2,5
4
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
-
-
-
-
40
50
65
90
120
160
190
235
290
12
16
18
23
33
43
55
75
95
125
150
185
235
-
14
16
20
28
36
45
60
80
105
130
160
200
39
Ghi ch:
(*)
i vi cp c hoc khng c rut trung tnh
Bng I.3.9: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp mm rut ng, cch
in cao su dng cho thit b di ng
Tit din rut (mm
2
) Dng in
(*)
cho php (A)
3kV 6kV
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
85
115
140
175
215
260
305
345
90
120
145
180
220
265
310
350
Ghi ch:
(*)
i vi cp c hoc khng c rut trung tnh
Dng in lu di cho php ca cp lc
I.3.17. Dng in lu di cho php ca cp cch in giy tm du n 35kV
v bc kim loi hoc PVC ly theo nhit pht nng cho php ca
rut cp: c in p danh nh n 6kV l +65
o
C; n 10kV l
+60
o
C; 22 v 35kV l +50
o
C; hoc theo cc thng s k thut ca nh
ch to.
i vi cp cch in cao su hoc nha tng hp v kim loi hoc
nha tng hp, dng in lu di cho php v nhit pht nng cho
php ly theo quy nh ca nh ch to.
I.3.18. Dng in lu di cho php ca cp t trong t do nh ch to
quy nh; nu khng c qui nh th tham kho theo cc bng I.3.10,
13, 16 18, tnh vi trng hp t cp trong ho su 0,7
1m, nhit ca t l +15
o
C v nhit tr sut ca t l
120cm.
o
K/W.
Nu nhit tr sut ca t khc tr s trn, th dng in cho php ca
cp phi nhn thm h s cho trong bng I.3.2.
I.3.19. Dng in lu di cho php i vi cp t trong nc do nh ch
to quy nh; nu khng c qui nh th tham kho theo cc bng
40
I.3.11, 14, 18, 19 c tnh vi nhit ca nc l +15
o
C.
I.3.20. Dng in lu di cho php i vi cp t trong khng kh do nh
ch to quy nh; nu khng c qui nh th tham kho theo cc bng
I.3.12, 15 21, c tnh vi khong cch gia cc cp khi t trong
nh, ngoi tri v trong ho khng nh hn 35mm, cn khi t trong
mng th khong cch khng nh hn 50mm, vi s lng cp
bt k v nhit khng kh l +25
o
C.
I.3.21. Dng in lu di cho php khi t cp trong ng chn trong t khng
c thng gi nhn to phi ly nh khi t cp trong khng kh.
I.3.22. Khi tuyn cp qua nhiu mi trng khc nhau, dng in cho php
c tnh cho on cp c iu kin xu nht nu chiu di on ny
ln hn 10m. Khi nn thay on cp ny bng cp c tit din ln
hn.
I.3.23. Khi t mt s cp trong t hoc trong ng, dng in lu di cho php
phi gim i bng cch nhn vi h s nu trong bng I.3.22 khng k
cp d phng. Khi t cp trong t, khong cch gia chng khng nn
nh hn 100mm.
I.3.24. Dng in lu di cho php i vi cp cha du p lc, kh, cp XLPE
v cp EPR, cp mt rut ai thp theo ti liu ca nh ch to.
I.3.25. Cc bng dng in cho php ca cp nu trn, cho vi iu kin
nhit tnh ton ca khng kh l +25
o
C, nhit tnh ton ca nc
l +15
o
C.
I.3.26. Dng in lu di cho php khi t cp trong ng chn trong t c thng gi
nhn to th coi nh cp t trong khng kh c nhit bng nhit ca
t.
I.3.27. Khi cp t thnh khi, theo hng dn ca nh ch to.
Bng I.3.10: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut ng c cch in
giy tm du, nha khng chy v nha tng hp, v kim loi t trong t
Tit din
rut
(mm
2
)
Dng in cho php (A)
Cp mt rut
n 1kV
Cp hai rut
n 1kV
Cp bn rut
n 1kV
Cp ba rut
n 6kV
Cp ba rut
n 10kV
41
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
625
-
140
175
235
285
360
440
520
595
675
755
880
1000
1220
1400
1520
80
105
140
185
225
270
325
380
435
500
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
85
115
150
175
215
265
310
350
395
450
-
-
-
-
-
-
80
105
135
160
200
245
295
340
390
440
510
-
-
-
-
-
-
95
120
150
180
215
265
310
355
400
460
-
-
-
-
Bng I.3.11: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut ng c cch in giy
tm
du nha thng, nha khng chy v ch t trong nc
Tit din rut,
(mm
2
)
Dng in cho php (A)
C p ba rut Cp bn rut
n 1kV
n 3kV 6kV 10kV
1
6
2
5
3
5
5
0
7
0
9
-
21
0
25
0
30
5
37
5
44
0
13
5
17
0
20
5
25
5
31
0
37
12
0
15
0
18
8
22
0
27
5
34
-
19
5
23
0
28
0
35
0
41
0
Bng I.3.12: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut ng cch in giy tm
du nha thng, nha khng chy v ch t trong khng kh
Tit din
rut,
Dng in cho php (A)
Cp mt rut Cp hai rut Cp bn rut Cp ba rut
42
(mm
2
)
n 1kV n 1kV n 1kV n 6kV n 10kV
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
625
800
-
95
120
160
200
245
305
360
415
470
525
610
720
808
1020
1180
1400
55
75
95
130
150
185
225
275
320
375
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
60
80
100
120
145
185
215
260
300
346
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
55
65
90
110
145
175
215
250
290
325
375
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
60
85
105
135
165
200
240
270
305
350
-
-
-
-
-
Bng I.3.13: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut nhm cch in giy tm
du nha thng v nha khng chy, c v ch hoc nhm, t trong t
Tit
din
rut
(mm
2
)
Dng in cho php (A)
Cp mt rut
n 1kV
Cp hai rut
n 1kV
Cp ba rut
Cp bn rut
n 1kV
6kV 10kV
43
6
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
625
800
-
110
135
180
220
275
340
400
460
520
580
675
770
940
1080
1170
1310
60
80
110
140
175
210
250
290
335
385
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
60
80
105
125
155
190
225
260
300
340
390
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
75
90
115
140
165
205
240
275
310
355
-
-
-
-
-
-
65
90
115
135
165
200
240
270
305
345
-
-
-
-
-
-
Bng I.3.14: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut nhm cch in giy tm
du nha thng v nha khng chy, v ch t trong nc
Tit din
(mm
2
)
Dng in cho php (A)
C p ba rut
Cp bn rut
n 1kV
6kV 10kV
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
105
130
160
195
240
290
330
385
420
480
90
115
140
170
210
260
305
345
390
450
-
150
175
220
270
315
360
-
-
-
Bng I.3.15: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut nhm cch in giy
tm du nha thng v nha khng chy, v ch hoc nhm, t trong khng kh
44
Tit din
rut
(mm
2
)
Dng in cho php (A)
Cp mt rut
n 1kV
Cp hai rut
n 1kV
Cp ba rut Cp bn
rut n
1kV
6kV 10kV
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
625
800
-
75
90
125
155
190
235
275
320
360
405
470
555
675
785
910
1080
42
55
75
100
115
140
175
210
245
290
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
42
50
70
85
110
135
165
190
225
250
290
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
46
65
80
105
130
155
185
210
235
270
-
-
-
-
-
-
45
60
75
95
110
140
165
200
230
260
-
-
-
-
-
-
Bng I.3.16: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp ng ba rut 6kV v ch
chung c cch in tm t du t trong t v trong khng kh
Tit din
rut (mm
2
)
Dng in cho php (A) Tit din
rut, mm
2
Dng in cho php (A)
t trong t
t trong
khng kh
t trong t
t trong
khng kh
16
25
35
50
90
120
145
180
65
90
110
140
70
95
120
150
220
265
310
355
170
210
245
290
Bng I.3.17: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp nhm ba rut 6kV bc ch
chung c cch in tm t du t trong t v trong khng kh
45
Tit din
rut, m
2
)
Dng in cho php (A) Tit din
rut
(mm
2
)
Dng in cho php (A)
t trong t t trong
khng kh
t trong t t trong
khng kh
16
25
35
50
70
90
110
140
50
70
85
110
70
95
120
150
170
205
240
275
130
160
190
225
Bng I.3.18: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut ng ba rut v ch ring
bit c cch in bng giy tm du nha thng v nha khng chy t
trong t, trong nc v trong khng kh

Tit din
rut ( mm
2
)
Dng in cho php (A)
in p 22kV in p 35kV
Khi t trong:
t Nc Khng kh t Nc Khng kh
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
110
135
165
200
240
275
315
355
120
145
180
225
275
315
350
390
85
100
120
150
180
205
230
265
-
-
-
-
-
270
310
-
-
-
-
-
-
290
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
205
230
-
Bng I.3.19: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp rut nhm ba rut v ch ring
bit c cch in bng giy tm t du v nha khng chy, t trong t,
trong nc v trong khng kh
Tit
din
rut,
( mm
2
)
Dng in cho php (A)
in p 22kV in p 35kV
Khi t trong:
t Nc Khng kh t Nc Khng kh
46
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
85
105
125
155
185
210
240
275
90
110
140
175
210
245
270
300
65
75
90
115
140
160
175
205
-
-
-
-
-
210
240
-
-
-
-
-
-
225
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
160
175
-
Bng I.3.20: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp mt rut ng, cch in giy
tmdu nha thng v nha khng chy, v ch, khng c ai thp, t
trong khng kh
Tit din rut (mm
2
)
Dng in
(*)
cho php (A)
Cp 22kV Cp 35kV
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
105/110
125/135
155/165
185/205
220/255
245/290
270/330
290/360
320/395
350/425
370/450
-
-
-
-
-
240/265
265/300
285/335
315/380
340/420
-
47
Ghi ch
(*)
: T s dng cho cp t trn cng mt mt phng cch nhau
35 -125mm. Mu s dng cho cp t theo 3 nh tam gic u.
Bng I.3.21: Dng in lu di cho php ca cp mt rut nhm cch in
giy tm du nha thng v nha khng chy, v ch hoc
nhm, khng c ai thp, t trong khng kh
Ghi ch :
(
*
)
T s dng cho cp t trn cng mt mt phng cch nhau 35-
125mm. Mu s dng cho cp t trn nh tam gic u.
Bng I.3.22: H s hiu chnh khi nhiu cp lm vic t song song trong t c
hoc khng c ng
Dng in lu di cho php i vi dy dn v thanh dn trn
Tit din rut ( mm
2
)
Dng in
(*)
cho php (A)
Cp 22kV Cp 35kV
10
16
25
35
50
70
95
120
150
185
240
300
400
500
625
800
-
-
80/85
95/105
120/130
140/160
170/195
190/225
210/255
225/275
245/305
270/330
285/350
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
185/205
205/230
220/255
245/290
260/330
-
-
-
-
S lng cp
Khongtrng
gia cc cp (mm)
1 2 3 4 5 6
100 1,0 0,00 0,85 0,80 0,78 0,75
200 1,0 0,92 0,87 0,84 0,82 0,81
300 1,0 0,93 0,90 0,87 0,86 0,85
48
I.3.28. Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn v dy dn trn theo ti liu
ca nh ch to, nu khng c ti liu ca nh ch to th tham
kho cc bng I.3.23 I.3.29 c tnh vi nhit pht nng
cho php +70
o
C khi nhit khng kh +25
o
C. Khi la chn thanh
dn v dy dn cn kim tra dng in lu di cho php theo iu
kin pht nng ph hp vi iu kin lm vic ca thanh dn v dy
dn. Vic tnh ton kim tra dng in lu di cho php thc
hin theo hng dn ti Ph lc I.3.1.
I.3.29. Khi b tr thanh dn theo hnh 1 (bng I.3.28) th dng in nu trong
bng I.3.28 phi gim i 5% i vi thanh dn c chiu rng h
n 60mm v 8% i vi thanh dn c chiu rng h ln hn 60mm.
I.3.30. Khi chn thanh dn c tit din ln, phi chn theo mt dng in
kinh t v c kt cu thch hp gim ti a cc tn tht ph do
hiu ng b mt, hiu ng gn, v phi m bo lm mt tt nht.
Bng I.3.23: Dng in lu di cho php theo pht nng ca dy trn
bng ng, nhm hoc nhm rut thp ( pht nng cho php l +70
o
C, khi
nhit khng kh l 25
o
C)
Tit din
nhm/thp
( mm
2
)
Dng in cho php (A) theo m hiu dy
AC, ACK, ACKC, ACK,
ACSR
M A, AK M A, AK
Ngoi tri Trong nh Ngoi tri Trong nh
10/1,8 *
16/2,7*
25/4,2*
35/6,2
50/8
70/11
95/16
84
111
142
175
210
265
330
53
79
10
9
13
5
16
5
95
133
183
223
275
337
422
-
105
136
170
215
265
320
6
0
102
137
173
219
268
341
-
75
106
130
165
210
255
120/19
120/27
390
375
31
3
-
485 375 395 300
150/19
150/24
150/34
450
450
450
36
5
36
5
570 440 465 355
49
185/24
185/29
185/43
520
510
515
43
0
42
5
650 500 540 410
240/32
240/39
240/56
605
610
610
50
5
50
5
760 590 685 490
300/39
300/48
300/66
600
585
680
713
705
-
1050 815 895 690
330/27 730 - - - - -
400/22
400/51
400/64
830
825
860
713
705
-
1050 815 895 690
500/27
500/64
960
945
830
815
- 980 - 820
600/72 105
0
920
- 1100 - 955
700/86 1180
1040
- - - -
Ghi ch:
(*)
M dy ACSR khng ch to loi tit din ny.
Bng I.3.24: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn trn v ng bng
ng hoc nhm
ng
knh
(mm)
Thanh trn ng ng ng nhm
Dng in
(
*
)
(A)
ng knh
trong/ngoi
Dng in
(A)
ng knh
trong/ngoi
Dng
in(A)
ng Nhm
50
6
7
8
10
12
14
15
16
18
19
20
21
22
25
27
28
30
35
38
40
42
45
155
195
235
320
415
505
565
610/615
720/725
780/785
835/840
900/905
955/965
1140/1165
1270/1290
1325/1360
1450/1490
1770/1865
1960/2100
2080/2260
2200/2430
2380/2670
120
150
180
245
320
390
435
475
560
605/610
650/655
695/700
740/745
885/900
980/1000
1025/1050
1120/1155
1370/1450
1510/1620
1610/1750
1700/1870
1850/2060
12/15
14/18
16/20
18/22
20/24
22/26
25/30
29/34
35/40
40/45
45/50
49/55
53/60
62/70
72/80
75/85
90/95
95/100
-
-
-
-
340
460
505
555
600
650
830
925
1100
1200
1330
1580
1860
2295
2610
3070
2460
3060
-
-
-
-
13/16
17/20
18/22
27/30
26/30
25/30
36/40
35/40
40/45
45/50
50/55
54/60
64/70
74/80
72/80
75/85
90/95
90/100
-
-
-
-
295
345
425
500
575
640
765
850
935
1040
1150
1340
1545
1770
2035
2400
1925
2840
-
-
-
-
Ghi ch:
(*)
T s l dng xoay chiu cho php, mu s l dng mt chiu
cho php.
Bng I.3.25: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn tit din ch nht
bng ng
Kch thc,
(mm)
Dng in
(
*
)
cho php theo s lng thanh
trong mt pha (A)
1 2 3 4
15x3
20x3
25x3
210
275
340
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30x4
40x4
475
625
-
-/1090
-
-
-
-
51
40x5
50x5
700/705
860/870
-/1250
-/1525
-
-/1895
-
-
50x6
60x6
80x6
100x6
955/960
1125/1145
1480/1510
1810/1875
-/1700
1470/1990
2110/2360
2470/3245
-/2145
2240/2495
2720/3220
3770/3940
-
-
-
-
60x8
80x8
100x8
120x8
1320/1345
1690/1755
2080/2180
2400/2600
2160/2485
2620/3095
3630/3180
3400/4400
2790/3020
3370/3850
3930/4690
4340/5600
-
-
-
-
60x10
80x10
100x10
120x10
1475/1525
1900/1990
2310/2470
2650/2950
2560/2725
3100/3510
3610/4395
4100/5000
3300/3530
3990/4450
4650/5385
5200/6250
-
-
5300/6060
5900/6800
Ghi ch :
(
*
)
T s l dng xoay chiu cho php, mu s l dng mt chiu cho
php
Bng I.3.26: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn tit din ch nht bng
nhm
Kch thc
(mm)
Dng in
(
*
)
cho php theo s lng thanh
trong mt pha (A)
1 2 3 4
15x3
20x3
25x3
165
215
265
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
30x4
40x4
365/370
480
-
-/885
-
-
-
-
40x5
50x5
540/545
665/670
-/965
-/1180
-
-/1470
-
-
50x6
60x6
80x6
100x6
740/745
870/880
1150/1170
1425/1455
-/1335
1350/1555
1360/2055
1935/2515
-/1655
1720/1940
2100/2460
2500/3040
-
-
-
-
52
60x8
80x8
100x8
120x8
1025/1040
1320/1355
1625/1690
1900/2040
1680/1810
2040/2100
2390/2945
2650/3350
2810/2330
2625/2975
3050/3620
3380/4250
-
-
-
-
60x10
80x10
100x10
120x10
1155/1180
1480/1540
1820/1910
2070/2300
2010/2110
2410/2735
2860/3350
3200/3900
2650/2720
3100/3440
3640/4160
4100/4800
-
-
4150/4400
4650/5200
Ghi ch:
(
*
)
T s l dng cho php xoay chiu, mu s l dng cho php mt
chiu.
Bng I.3.27: Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn trn bng ng thau hoc
ng thau c rut thp
Dy ng thau Dy ng thau c rut thp
M hiu dy
Dng in (*) cho php
(A)
M hiu dy
Dng in (*) cho php
(A)
B-50
B-70
B-95
B-120
B-150
B-185
B-240
B-300
215
265
330
380
430
500
600
700
BC-185
BC-240
BC-300
BC-400
BC-500
515
640
750
890
980
Ghi ch:
(*)
Dng in cho php ng vi ng thau c in tr sut
20
= 0,003.mm
2
/m
Bng I.3.28: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh ci b tr hnh vung (hnh 1)
bng ng hoc nhm.
Kch thc (mm) Tit din c bn
thanh (mm
2
)
Dng in cho php c b
h b h
1
H ng Nhm
53
80
80
100
100
120
8
10
8
10
10
140
144
160
164
184
157
160
185
188
216
2560
3200
3200
4000
4800
5750
6400
7000
7700
9050
4550
5100
5550
6200
7300

Hnh 1 Hnh 2
Bng I.3.29: Dng in lu di cho php ca thanh dn hp (hnh 2) bng ng
hoc nhm
Bng I.3.30: H s hiu chnh dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn trn v
bc cch in, cp ngm, thanh ci theo nhit ca t v khng kh
Kch thc (mm)
Tit din ton phn
( mm
2
)
Dng in cho php (A)
a b c r ng Nhm
75
75
100
100
125
150
175
200
200
225
250
35
35
45
45
55
65
80
90
90
105
115
4
5,5
4,5
6
6,5
7
8
10
12
12,5
12,5
6
6
8
8
10
10
12
14
16
16
16
1040
1390
1550
2020
2740
3570
4880
6870
8080
9760
10900
2730
3250
3620
4300
5500
7000
8550
9900
10500
12500
-
-
2670
2820
3500
4640
5650
6430
7550
8830
10300
10800
54
Nhit tnh
ton ca mi
trng (
o
C)
Nhit tiu
chun ca
rut cp (
o
C)
H s hiu chnh dng in lu di cho php
theo nhit mi trng (
o
C)
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
15
25
25
15
25
15
25
15
25
15
25
80
80
70
65
65
60
60
55
55
50
50
1,00
1,09
1,11
1,00
1,12
1.00
1,13
1,00
1,15
1,00
1,18
0,96
1,04
1,05
0,95
1,06
0,94
1,07
0,93
1,08
0,93
1,09
0,92
1,00
1,00
0,89
1,00
0,88
1,00
0,86
1,00
0,84
1,00
0,88
0,90
0,94
0,84
0,94
0,82
0,93
0,79
0,91
0,76
1,89
0,83
0,80
0,88
0,77
0,87
0,75
0,85
0,71
0,82
0,66
0,78
0,78
0,80
0,81
0,71
0,79
0,67
0,76
0,61
0,71
0,54
0,63
0,73
0,80
0,74
0,63
0,71
0,57
0,66
0,50
0,58
0,37
0,45
0,68
0,74
0,67
0,55
0,61
0,47
0,54
0,36
0,41
-
-
Chn dy dn theo iu kin vng quang
I.3.31. i vi cp in p 110kV tr ln, dy dn phi c kim tra theo
iu kin vng quang, theo nhit trung bnh v mt khng kh
ph thuc cao so vi mt bin. Cng in trng cc i (E)
mt ngoi dy dn khng c vt qu 0,9E
0
(E
0
l cng in
trng bt u pht sinh vng quang dy dn).
E
0
= 17
21 kV/cm.
Cng in trng trong thc t c tnh theo cng thc sau:
( ) [ ]
cm
kV
a
r
g r n
U
n E
n
o
tb
r
tb
D
max
180
, 1 2 1
sin .
1 . .
. 354 , 0
1
]
1
+
Trong :
U: in p danh nh, kV
n: s dy phn pha, nu khng phn pha th n =1
a: khong cch gia cc dy phn pha, cm
r: bn knh ca mi dy, cm
55
R

D
tb
: khong cch trung bnh hnh hc gia cc pha
r
td
: bn knh tng ng, tnh theo cng thc:
a
rtd =R
n
n . r [cm] , trong R = [cm]

2 sin
180
n
i vi cp in p 110kV, tit din ti thiu hn ch pht sinh
vng quang l 70mm
2
, in p 220kV l 240mm
2
.
i vi cp in p 220kV tr ln, dng bin php phn pha thnh 2
n 4 dy nh hn ch vng quang.
Cng phi kim tra v mc nhiu thng tin v tuyn ca vng
quang.
Chn dy chng st
I.3.32. Khi chn dy chng st, ngoi vic m bo cc iu kin v tnh ton
c l nu Phn II, cn kim tra iu kin n nh nhit khi xy ra
ngn mch mt pha, thc hin theo hng dn ti Ph lc I.3.2.
Chng I.4
56
CHN THIT B V DY DN THEO
IU KIN NGN MCH
Phm vi p dng
I.4.1. Chng ny p dng cho vic chn thit b v dy dn theo iu kin
ngn mch dng in xoay chiu tn s 50Hz.
Yu cu chung
I.4.2. Phi kim tra theo ch ngn mch (tr cc trng hp nu trong iu
I.4.4):
1. i vi thit b in trn 1kV:
a. Thit b in, cp, dy dn, kt cu v kt cu chu lc ca chng.
b. ng dy trn khng c dng in ngn mch xung kch t 50kA
tr ln trnh chp dy do lc in ng khi ngn mch. Ngoi ra,
i vi ng dy phn pha cn phi kim tra khong cch gia cc
khung nh v trong tng pha.
i vi ng dy trn khng c thit b t ng li tc ng nhanh,
phi kim tra v n nh nhit.
2. i vi thit b in n 1kV, ch kim tra bng phn phi, ng dn
in v t ng lc. Khng phi kim tra ngn mch cho bin dng in.
3. Thit b in dng ct dng ngn mch, phi kim tra c kh nng
thao tc c khi ang ngn mch.
Thit b in chu c dng ngn mch l thit b khi c dng ngn
mch tnh ton, khng b ph hu hay b bin dng, vn tip tc vn hnh
bnh thng.
I.4.3. thit b in trn 1kV khng phi kim tra:
n nh ng in ca thit b v dy dn c bo v bng cu chy
c dng in danh nh n 60A.
n nh nhit ca thit b v dy dn c bo v bng mi loi cu
chy. Cu chy phi c kh nng nhy ct c dng ngn mch
nh nht.
57
I.4.4. Khng phi kim tra theo ch ngn mch:
1. Cc dy dn cp in cho cc h dng in l, k c cho cc my
bin p phn xng c tng cng sut n 1MVA, in p s cp n
22kV, nu ng thi tho mn cc iu kin sau:
H tiu th c bin php d phng khng lm nh hng ti
qu trnh cng ngh khi mt in.
Khi ngn mch, d dy dn c b hng cng khng gy n.
C th thay dy dn d dng.
2. Dy dn cc ng dy trn khng, tr ch nu trong mc b iu
I.4.2.
3. Thanh dn v thit b ca mch bin in p t trong ngn ring bit
hoc t sau in tr ph.
I.4.5. Khi chn s tnh dng ngn mch, ch xt ch lm vic lu di ca
thit b in m khng xt ch lm vic ngn hn tm thi.
Phi tnh dng ngn mch s pht trin ngun li t nht l 10 nm
sau khi a thit b vo lm vic (cho php tnh gn ng).
I.4.6. Phi xt n cc dng ngn mch sau y:
1. Ngn mch 3 pha kim tra n nh in ng ca thit b, thanh
dn, dy dn v kt cu km theo.
2. Ngn mch 3 pha kim tra n nh nhit ca thit b, thanh dn,
dy dn. in p my pht, chn ngn mch 3 pha hoc 2 pha theo
dng no gy pht nhit ln hn.
3. Ngn mch 3 pha v mt pha chm t, ly tr s ln hn chn
hoc kim tra kh nng ng ct ngn mch ca thit b. Nu my ct c
hai tr s dng ct 3 pha v mt pha th phi chn theo c hai dng ngn
mch trn.
I.4.7. Cc thit b v dy dn ca mch in phi chn theo dng in ngn
mch ln nht chy qua.
Khng xt trng hp cc pha khc nhau ng thi chm t 2 im
khc nhau.
I.4.8. Trn mch c in khng trm trong nh m thit b v dy dn t
58
trc in khng c ngn cch vi thanh ci cp in (trn on
r nhnh t mch chnh) bng trn nh, vch ngn v.v. th c
chn theo dng ngn mch sau
in khng, nu in khng t trong cng mt nh v c ni
bng thanh dn.
Thanh dn r nhnh t thanh ci n vch ngn v s xuyn phi
c chn theo dng ngn mch trc khng in.
I.4.9. Khi kim tra n nh nhit, thi gian tnh ton ly bng thi gian gii
tr ngn mch.
Xc nh dng in ngn mch chn thit b v dy dn
I.4.10. Xc nh dng in ngn mch chn thit b, thanh dn, dy dn,
kim tra cc thit b chu lc, xut pht t nhng yu cu sau:
1. Mi ngun cp in cho im ngn mch u lm vic ng thi vi
ph ti danh nh.
2. Mi my in ng b u c t ng iu chnh in p v
kch thch cng bc.
3. Ngn mch xy ra vo thi im kt cu h thng to thnh dng
ngn mch ln nht.
4. Sc in ng ca mi ngun in u trng pha.
5. in p tnh ton mi cp ly bng 105% in p danh nh ca
li.
6. Phi xt n nh hng ca my b ng b, ng c ng b v
khng ng b. Khng xt nh hng ca ng c khng ng b ti
100kW ni qua my bin p ti im ngn mch v ng c khng
ng b ln hn ni ti im ngn mch qua t 2 my bin p tr
ln, qua ng dy c tr khng ng k.
I.4.11. i vi li trn 1kV, ch tnh in khng ca thit b v ng dy.
Tnh tng tr i vi ng dy tit din nh, ng cp di c tit
din nh.
I.4.12. i vi li in ti 1kV, phi tnh c in khng v in tr ca
tt c cc phn t, k c in tr tip xc ca cc tip im. Cho
59
php b qua in tr hoc in khng nu tng tr sai lch khng qu
10%.
I.4.13. i vi li in ti 1kV nhn in t my bin p gim p;
khi tnh ngn mch, phi coi in p a vo my bin p l khng
i v bng in p danh nh ca li.
I.4.14. i vi cc phn t c bo v bng cu chy c tnh nng
hn ch dng in, phi kim tra n nh ng theo dng in
ngn mch tc thi ln nht i qua cu chy.
Chn dy dn v cch in, kim tra kt cu chu lc theo lc in
ng ca dng in ngn mch
I.4.15. Lc in ng tc ng ln thanh dn cng, truyn n cch in v
kt cu cng phi c tnh theo dng in ngn mch ba pha tc
thi ln nht, c xt n s lch pha gia cc dng in v b qua dao
ng c hc ca kt cu thanh dn.
Lc xung tc ng ln dy dn mm, cch in, u ra v kt cu
gi dy c tnh theo tr s trung bnh bnh phng ca dng in
ngn mch gia hai pha k nhau. i vi dy phn pha v h dn
in mm th lc tng h ca dng in ngn mch trong dy
dn cng mt pha c xc nh theo tr s hiu dng ca
dng in ngn mch ba pha.
Phi kim tra h dn in mm khng chp nhau.
I.4.16. Lc c hc do dng in ngn mch xc nh theo iu I.4.15 truyn
qua thanh dn cng n cch in v cch in xuyn khng c
vt qu 60% lc ph hu nh nht ca cch in nu l cch
in n, v khng c qu 100% lc ph hu ca cch in nu
l cch in kp.
Nu dng thanh dn nh hnh gm nhiu thanh dt hoc ch U th ng
sut c hc bng tng ng sut sinh ra do lc tc ng tng h gia
cc pha v gia cc phn t ca mi thanh.
ng sut c hc ln nht trong thanh dn cng khng c vt qu
70% lc ph hu tc thi.
60
Chn dy dn theo iu kin pht nng khi ngn mch
I.4.17. Nhit pht nng ca dy dn khi ngn mch khng c vt qu
tr s cho php trong bng sau:
Dng v vt liu dn in
Nhit cao nht cho php (
o
C)
Thanh dn:
ng
Nhm
300
200
Cp cch in giy tm du, in p ti
10kV 200
Nh trn, in p 15kV n 220kV 125
Cp v dy dn rut ng hoc nhm
bc cch in:
PVC v cao su
PE
XLPE hoc EPR
150
120
250
Dy ng trn chu lc ko n 20 N/mm
2
Dy ng trn chu lc ko trn 20 N/mm
2
250
200
Dy nhm trn chu lc ko n 10 N/mm
2
Dy nhm trn chu lc ko trn 10 N/mm
2
200
160
Phn nhm ca dy nhm li thp 200
I.4.18. Vic kim tra cp theo iu kin pht nng khi ngn mch nh nu
trong iu I.4.2 c tin hnh i vi:
1. ng cp n c tit din ng nht khi ngn mch u ng
cp.
2. ng cp n gm nhiu on c tit din khc nhau khi ngn
mch u mi on cp.
3. ng cp gm hai hoc nhiu cp t song song, khi ngn mch
u c b cp.
I.4.19. Khi kim tra n nh nhit ca thit b v dy dn ca ng dy c
thit b t ng li tc ng nhanh, phi tnh n vic tng pht
nng do tng tng thi gian dng ngn mch. Khi kim tra pht
nng theo iu kin ngn mch, cc dy phn pha c coi nh
mt dy c tit din bng tng tit din cc dy phn pha.
61
Chn thit b in theo kh nng ng ct
I.4.20. chn my ct in trn 1kV cn thc hin:
1. Theo kh nng ct: phi xc nh dng in ct tnh ton theo cc
iu kin nu trong cc iu I.4.5 n iu I.4.9.
Dng in ct tnh ton l dng in ngn mch hiu dng ton
phn (k c thnh phn khng chu k) c xc nh vi thi gian
nh tip im my ct, bng tng thi gian ct ring ca my ct
(t khi pht lnh ct n khi nh tip im dp h quang) cng vi
thi gian dp tt h quang.
2. Theo kh nng ng: khi my ct ca my pht in t pha
in p my pht ch cn kim tra khi ng khng ng b trong tnh
trng i pha.
I.4.21. Khi chn cu chy theo kh nng ct, phi ly tr s hiu dng ca
dng in ngn mch chu k u lm dng in ct tnh ton (b
qua tnh nng hn ch dng in ca cu chy).
My ct ph ti v dao to ngn mch phi c chn theo dng
in ngn mch cho php khi ng.
I.4.22. Ngoi vic chn theo kh nng ct ngn mch, my ct cn phi chn
theo kh nng ct in p phc hi qu (Transient recovery
voltage - TRV). Kh nng ct TRV ca my ct phi ln hn tr
s TRV tnh ton c th cho tng v tr my ct trong h thng.
Yu cu chn theo TRV ch p dng i vi my ct 500kV
v my ct 220kV u ng dy di, my ct u cc my pht
in v my ct t cnh cun khng.
62
Chng I.5
M IN NNG
I.5.1. Chng ny p dng cho m in nng ti cc cng trnh in, h tiu
th in v.v.
Dng c m in nng c gi l cng t in.
H thng gm c cc cng t in, bin dng in, bin in p v dy
u cc thit b trn vi nhau gi l h thng m in nng.
I.5.2. Cng t thanh ton l cng t m in nng thanh ton tin in
gia hai bn mua v bn in, bao gm in nng sn xut ra, in
nng tiu th ca cc h tiu th in hoc in nng mua bn
ranh gii. Vic la chn t cng t in hay in t v vic yu
cu truyn s liu ca cng t i xa thc hin theo cc quy nh hin
hnh.
I.5.3. Cng t phi c lp t trong khu vc qun l ca bn mua in,
tr trng hp cc bn c tho thun khc. V tr lp t v vic lp
t cng t phi m bo an ton, m quan, thun li cho bn mua
in kim tra ch s cng t v bn bn in ghi ch s cng t.
Trng hp in nng c th trao i theo c hai hng ranh gii th
phi t hai cng t c hng hoc mt cng t m c c hai
hng.
I.5.4. Cng t kim tra l cng t dng theo di kim tra. Khng dng
cc s liu ca cng t kim tra thanh ton.
Yu cu chung
I.5.5. Vic m in nng tc dng phi bo m xc nh c
lng in nng tc dng:
1. Do tng t my pht in pht ra.
2. T dng trong nh my in, trong cc trm in k c trm b
v trm izen.
3. Do nh my in cp vo li truyn ti, li phn phi.
63
4. Cp hoc nhn ca h thng in khc.
5. Cp cho cc h tiu th in.
Ngoi vic m in nng thanh ton tin in, m in nng
cn phi bo m kh nng kim tra vic s dng in ca cc h
tiu th, kim tra in nng trao i ranh gii, cn i in
nng, xy dng cc ch tiu kinh t k thut v d bo ph ti.
I.5.6. Vic m in nng phn khng phi m bo xc nh c lng
in nng phn khng:
1. Do tng my pht in pht ra.
2. Do nh my in a vo li truyn ti, li phn phi.
3. Do cc my b quay hoc trm b tnh pht ra.
4. Nhn hoc cp cho h thng in khc.
5. Ca cc h dng in sn xut kinh doanh, dch v theo quy nh hin
hnh. Ngoi vic m in nng phn khng thanh ton, cng phi bo
m chc nng kim tra ging nh cng t tc dng ni iu I.5.5.
V tr t cng t
I.5.7. Trong nh my in, cng t tc dng phi c t :
1. Tng my pht in.
2. Tng MBA tng p, t pha th cp, tr cun cn bng khng
khai thc. Khi pha th cp khng c my bin dng ring m in
nng th t cng t pha s cp u vi in p my pht.
Pha no ca MBA c trao i cng sut th phi t hai cng t c
hng hoc cng t m c c hai hng.
3. Tng ng dy in p my pht. ng dy no c trao i cng
sut th phi t hai cng t c hng hoc cng t m c c hai
hng.
4. Tng my bin p t dng. Cng t t pha cao p ca my
bin p t dng. Nu t pha cao p b kh khn th cho php t pha
64
h p.
5. Tng my pht in t dng. Nu my pht in t dng cng
c in t dng ring th phn t dng ny cng phi c cng t.
I.5.8. Trong li in, cng t tc dng phi c t :
1. C hai u ng dy lin lc h thng, mi u t hai cng t
c hng hoc mt cng t m c c hai hng.
2. Pha h p ca my bin p hai cun dy.
3. Pha h p v trung p ca my bin p ba cun dy, tr cun cn
bng khng c khai thc.
4. Mi u ng dy t trm, tr ng dy h p cp in sinh hot
v ng dy chuyn dng c cng t t cui ng dy.
5. Mi my bin p t dng.
I.5.9. Cng t thanh ton in nng tc dng cho cc h tiu th phi c t:
1. Theo iu I.5.3 hoc iu I.5.8 mc 3.
2. Ti u vo trm ca h tiu th nu khng c ng dy ni vi
trm khc hoc vi h tiu th khc in p cp cho h trn.
3. pha cao p ca my bin p trong h tiu th, nu trm ny cn
cp in hoc ni vi trm ca h tiu th khc in p cung cp.
Khi khng c my bin dng vi cp chnh xc ng qui nh in p
35kV tr ln, cho php t cng t pha h p my bin p.
4. pha h p my bin p, nu pha cao p l cu dao ph ti, dao
cch ly t ng hoc cu dao cu chy.
I.5.10. Cng t phn khng phi t :
1. My pht in c cng sut t 1.000kW tr ln.
2. Cc cun dy trung p v h p my bin p v cc v tr
trong trm trung gian m c t cng t tc dng. Nu khng
c my bin dng vi cp chnh xc ng qui nh, c php khng
t cng t phn khng pha trung p my bin p.
3. ng dy 35kV, nu vic thanh ton tin in vi cc h tiu th
65
ch cn c vo cng t tc dng ca ng dy .
4. u ra my b hoc l tng ca t in c dung lng 1MVAr tr
ln.
5. Bn cnh cng t tc dng thanh ton ca cc h ng lc ln.
6. cc phn t ca h thng in, cc ranh gii c yu cu phi
thanh ton hoc theo di in nng phn khng.
7. Ti cc h tiu th c pht in nng phn khng th phi t hai
cng t phn khng c hng.
8. Ti cc ranh gii c trao i cng sut, phi t hai cng t phn
khng c hng hoc mt cng t m c c hai hng.
Yu cu i vi cng t
I.5.11. Np cng t, np kp u dy cng t, np t hoc hp cng t u
phi c nim phong ca c quan kim nh nh nc theo chc
nng hoc c quan cung ng in c u quyn.
I.5.12. Phi m in nng tc dng v in nng phn khng trong mch 3
pha bng cng t 3 pha.
I.5.13. Cng t v cc thit b o m lin quan nh bin dng, bin in p
phi c kim nh theo qui nh hin hnh.
Sai s ca cng t tc dng ca my pht in phi ph hp vi
bng I.5.1.
Cc sai s ny c xc nh ti mc pht in t 50% ti 100%
cng sut danh nh theo cos =1 v 0,5 tn s v in p danh nh.
Bng I.5.1: Sai s cho php ca cng t my pht in
i tng m in nng Sai s cho php, %
My pht in cng sut n 12MW 1
My pht in cng sut trn 12MW n 100MW 0,7
My pht in cng sut trn 100MW 0,5
I.5.14. Cng t thanh ton u qua bin dng v bin in p phi ph hp
vi tiu chun hin hnh v c cp chnh xc 0,5; 1 hoc 2 i vi cng
66
t tc dng v 2 hoc 2,5 i vi cng t phn khng.
Cc bin dng v bin in p cng phi c sai s ph hp.
m in nng qua my bin in o lng
I.5.15. Cc my bin dng in v my bin in p o lng u ni vi
cng t thanh ton in nng phi c cp chnh xc khng ln hn 0,5.
Cho php u my bin in p c cp chnh xc khng ln hn 1,0 vo
cng t thanh ton in nng c cp chnh xc 2,0.
i vi cng t o m k thut, cho php dng bin dng c cp
chnh xc 1,0 hoc u vo bin dng t sn bn trong my c cp
chnh xc thp hn 1,0, nu t cp chnh xc 1,0 th phi c bin
dng ph.
Khi dng cng t o m k thut, cho php dng bin in p cp
chnh xc 1,0 v bin in p cp chnh xc thp hn 1,0.
I.5.16. Nn ni cng t vo cun dy ring cho o lng th cp bin
dng, trng hp c bit c th kt hp s dng cho m in, o
in v cho rle cng mt cun th cp bin dng khi cn bo
m sai s v khng lm thay i c tnh ca rle.
Khi cng t thanh ton u chung vi cc thit b khc sau bin dng
v bin in p th phi nim phong mch m in.
I.5.17. Ph ti mch th cp bin in o lng k c cng t khng c
vt qu ph ti danh nh ghi nhn bin in o lng.
I.5.18. Tit din v chiu di dy dn ni cng t vi bin dng hoc bin in
p phi bo m bin in o lng hot ng chnh xc v tn
tht in p trong mch in p ti cng t khng vt qu 0,5%
in p danh nh.
I.5.19. Khng nn dng kp u dy hoc hng kp u dy trong mch u
cng t thanh ton t ti h tiu th. Nu bt buc phi dng, th phi
nim phong kp u dy hoc hng kp u dy.
I.5.20. m in nng ca my pht in, nn dng bin dng cp chnh xc
0,5 v sai s ng vi 50% n 100% dng in danh nh ca my
pht in, khng vt qu tr s nu trong bng I.5.2.
Bng I.5.2: Sai s dng in cho php khi dng t 50% ti 100% tr
67
s danh nh ca my pht in.
Bin dng Sai s dng, % Sai s gc, pht
Dng cho my pht cng sut
n 12MW
0,20
20
Dng cho my pht cng sut
trn 12MW
0,15 10
I.5.21. cp in p cho cng t, c th dng mi kiu bin in p c in
p
danh nh th cp v sai s ph hp vi yu cu ca cng t.
I.5.22. Cun dy th cp ca bin dng trong mch 500V tr ln phi c
ni t mt cc hng kp u dy.
Ti bin in p, im trung tnh pha nh th phi c ni t v
ch ni t mt im, cn khi cun dy ca chng u tam gic
th ni t mt im chung ca cc cun dy th cp.
Khng c ni t cun th cp bin dng dng thanh ci in
p n 1kV khng c cch in cun s cp (thanh ci v li thp
c mang in). Trng hp ny phi ni t cc mch u bn
ngoi cun th cp.
Ngoi cng t, nu mch thao tc hoc mch ho ng b cng u
vo nh th ca bin in p th cho php thay ni t trc tip
cun th cp bng ni t qua cu chy nh thng.
I.5.23. Bin in p n 35kV nn c cu chy bo v pha s cp.
Trc cng t thanh ton nn c hp kp u dy chuyn dng
c th ni ngn mch cun th cp bin dng trc khi tho mch
dng khi cng t.
I.5.24. Khi trm c nhiu h thanh ci v mi h u c bin in p, mi
mch u phi c kho chuyn mch chuyn mch p cng t khi
cn.
I.5.25. Mch cng t nh my in v cc trm trung gian phi c hng kp
u dy ring hoc mt on ring hng kp u dy chung.
I.5.26. Ngn l bin in p cp in cho cng t nu c cu chy th phi c
68
li thp hoc ca c ch nim phong.
Tay truyn ng dao cch ly pha s cp cng phi c ch nim phong.
t v u dy vo cng t
I.5.27. Cng t phi t thng ng ni kh ro, nhit xung quanh
thng xuyn khng qu 45
o
C, thun tin cho vic c ch s, kim
tra v treo tho.
Khi t ngoi tri, cng t phi t trong t hoc hp bng st hoc
composit. Nu bng st, th phi tip a v t hoc hp, tr trng
hp mch in trong t hoc hp c cch in kp. Hp cng t
phi c cp bo v IP43.
Cng t thanh ton nu t a phn ca ngi dng in, th d
t trong nh cng phi trong hp bo v.
Cho php t cng t hnh lang gian phn phi ca nh my in
v trm in.
i vi cng t thanh ton in sinh hot, c th treo trn ct,
ngoi nh hoc trong nh, nhng phi trong hp c nim phong
v bo m tnh khch quan cho c bn mua v bn bn.
Cng t ti h mua bn in ln phi t trong hp hoc t ring c
kho, nim phong, cp ch. Cc cun th cp o lng cp in
cho cng t phi l cun ring bit. Cp ni t thit b o lng
n cng t phi l cp ring v c bc kim v phi c nim phong,
cp ch ti cc v tr u ni.
I.5.28. Phi t cng t bng in, t in hoc trong hp vng chc.
Cho php t cng t trn bng kim loi, bng hoc bng
nha. Khng t cng t trn bng g.
Hp u dy cng t t cch mt sn t 1,4 n 1,7m.
I.5.29. Nhng ni d b va chm, bi bn, nhiu ngi qua li hoc d b
tc ng t bn ngoi, cng t phi c t trong t hoc hp c
kho, c nim phong, c ca s knh nhn r mt s cng t.
69
C th t chung nhiu cng t vo mt t hoc hp, hoc t chung
vi bin dng h p.
I.5.30. Vic u dy vo cng t phi theo cc yu cu nu trong Chng II.1 -
Phn II v Chng IV.4 - Phn IV.
I.5.31. Dy u mch cng t c ni k c ni hn.
I.5.32. on dy u st cng t phi d ra t nht 120mm. V dy trung
tnh trc cng t phi c mu d phn bit trn mt on 100mm.
I.5.33. Khong cch gia phn dn in trn bng in c t cng t v
bin dng phi theo cc yu cu nu trong iu III.1.14 - Phn III.
I.5.34. Trong li h p, khi t cng t v bin dng gian nguy him
hoc rt nguy him, phi ni v cng t v v bin dng vi
dy ni t (dy trung tnh) bng dy dn ng ring bit.
I.5.35. Khi c 2 cng t tr ln t gn nhau, phi c nhn ghi a ch tng cng
t.
Trong nh my in hoc trm in c 2 cng t tr ln, phi c nhn
ghi a ch tng cng t.
Cng t kim tra (k thut)
I.5.36. Trong x nghip cng nghip, c quan, nh my in v trm in
nn thc hin vic m in nng kim tra.
Khi t cng t kim tra khng cn tho thun vi c quan cung ng
in.
I.5.37. Trong nh my in, nn t cng t kim tra cho tng mch pht in
v tng mch t dng.
I.5.38. Trong trm in, nn t cng t kim tra cho mch tng cc cp
in p, ti cc mch khng c cng t thanh ton m cn phi kim
tra.
I.5.39. Trong x nghip, nn t cng t kim tra tng phn xng, tng dy
chuyn sn xut hch ton ni b v xc nh nh mc in nng
cho n v sn phm.
70
Khi cng t thanh ton t ti u ng dy ca trm hoc nh my
in cp cho x nghip th cho php t cng t kim tra ti u vo x
nghip.
I.5.40. Cng t kim tra, bin dng, bin in p kim tra trong h tiu th
l ti sn ca bn mua in v do bn mua in qun l. Cng t
kim tra phi tho mn cc yu cu ca iu I.5.13 v I.5.16.
71
Chng I.6
O IN
Phm vi p dng
I.6.1. Chng ny p dng cho vic o in bng dng c o c nh, khng p
dng cho vic o in trong phng th nghim, o in bng dng
c xch tay v dng c o ch s c.
I.6.2. Cc dng c o in, ngoi vic tho mn cc qui nh trong chng
ny cn phi tho mn cc yu cu ca nh ch to.
Yu cu chung
I.6.3. Dng c o in phi bo m cc yu cu c bn sau y:
1. Dng c ch th hoc t ghi phi c cp chnh xc 1,0 - 2,5.
Ampemt khng c s khng (0) thang o, lp trm phn phi h p
v ng c in, cho php c cp chnh xc 4.
2. Cp chnh xc ca sun, in tr ph v bin in o lng khng
c nh hn tr s ghi bng I.6.1.
Bng I.6.1: Cp chnh xc ca sun, in tr ph v bin in o lng
Cp chnh xc ca
dng c o
Cp chnh xc ca
sun v in tr ph
Cp chnh xc ca bin
in o lng
1
1,5
2,5
4
0,5
0,5
0,5
-
0,5
0,5
1
3
3. Gii hn ca vch o trn thang o hoc gii hn cc s hin th
phi tho mn o c ton b cc tr s ca i lng cn o.
I.6.4. Vic u cun dng in ca dng c o v thit b bo v vi cun th
cp ca bin dng cp in cho cng t thanh ton phi theo qui nh
iu I.5.17.
I.6.5. Ti trm phn phi h p khng c ngi trc, cho php khng t dng
c o in ch th nhng phi c ch u dng c kim tra hoc
kp c Ampe km.
I.6.6. Dng c o in loi kim ch th phi c vch ch tr s vn hnh
nh mc trn thang o.
72
I.6.7. Dng c o in c vch khng gia thang o th phi c ghi r
hng hai pha vch khng.
I.6.8. Dng c o in phi c nhn xc nh im o, tr trng hp cnh
im o trn s ni.
I.6.9. Ngoi vic hin th i lng o trn mt ng h ti ch, trong
trng hp ring, i lng cn c t ghi hoc a vo b nh
hoc truyn ti v tr o xa, thc hin theo yu cu ca quy trnh vn
hnh.
o dng in
I.6.10. Phi o dng in xoay chiu ti:
1. Cc mch cn kim tra qu trnh vn hnh mt cch c h thng.
2. Cc my pht in, u ng dy hoc ph ti trung cao p, u
ng dy hoc ph ti h p quan trng.
3. Cc mch th cp hoc s cp ca my bin p c dung
lng t 1MVA tr ln.
Trong mch ca cun dp h quang phi c ch u
ampemt t ghi hoc xch tay.
I.6.11. Phi t ampemt t ghi nu qu trnh cng ngh yu cu.
I.6.12. Phi o dng in mt chiu ti:
1. Cc mch ca my pht in mt chiu v b chnh lu.
2. Mch cquy, pin mt tri.
3. Mch kch thch my pht, my b v ng c ng b.
I.6.13. Phi t 3 ampemt cho:
My pht in xoay chiu 3 pha c cng sut danh nh t 200kW tr
ln.
ng dy ti in c iu khin tng pha.
ng dy c b dc.
ng dy c th vn hnh lu di ch khng ton pha.
ng dy 500kV.
ng dy cp cho l in h quang.
Cho php t mt ampemt vi kho chuyn mch o 3 pha vi
my pht in c cng sut ti 200kW.
I.6.14. Khi chn ampemt v bin dng, phi tnh n kh nng qu ti tm
73
thi ca mch ng c khi khi ng. Bin dng khng c bo ho
v ampemt phi chu c dng khi ng.
I.6.15. Ampemt mt chiu phi c thang o hai pha hoc cng tc o cc
nu dng in o c th i chiu.
I.6.16. C th u ampemt xoay chiu trc tip vo thanh ci hoc dy dn,
ch u ampemt xoay chiu qua bin dng nu khng u trc tip
c.
I.6.17. Khi u trc tip ampemt vo mch trn 1kV xoay chiu v trn
500V mt chiu, phi bo m cc iu kin sau:
1. An ton cho ngi qun l vn hnh, th nghim v sa cha, thun
tin cho vic c ch s, ng thi tun theo ng qui nh v an ton
in hin hnh.
2. Cch ly phn mang in ca ampemt vi t bng cch in chu
c in p tng ng, hoc t trc tip vo on thanh dn gia
hai s cch in k nhau v bo m khong cch pha - pha v pha -
t ca ampemt.
3. ampemt phi sn mu v trn mt thang o phi c k hiu
mu ch in p cao.
I.6.18. Ampemt t ti thit b in mt chiu c th u trc tip hoc u qua
sun.
o in p v kim tra cch in
I.6.19. Phi t dng c o in p :
1. Tng phn on thanh ci in p xoay chiu hoc mt chiu khi
phn on c th lm vic ring bit.
Cho php t mt vnmt vi kho chuyn mch o nhiu v tr pha.
Ti trm phn phi h p, c th ch o in p h p nu khng c
bin in p pha cao p.
2. Mch xoay chiu v mt chiu ca my pht in, my b ng b.
3. Trong mch kch thch ca my in ng b cng sut t 1MW
tr ln. Khng bt buc i vi my pht thu in.
4. T cquy, my np v ph np.
5. Trong mch ca cun dp h quang.
I.6.20. Ti cc im nt kim tra ca h thng in, vnmt phi c cp
chnh xc khng ln hn 1,0.
I.6.21. Trong li in 3 pha, thng thng t dng c o mt in p dy.
74
Trong li in trn 1kV c trung tnh ni t hiu qu (xem iu
I.7.16) c php o 3 in p dy bng mt dng c o c kho
chuyn mch.
I.6.22. Phi t b kim tra cch in trong li in trn 1kV c dng in
chm t nh, trong li in n 1kV c trung tnh cch ly v trong
li in mt chiu c im gia cch ly. B kim tra cch in c th
l ng h ch th, dng c hot ng theo nguyn l rle (h
thng tn hiu m thanh, nh sng) hoc phi hp c hai loi trn.
B kim tra cch in phi t cc yu cu sau:
Bo m pht hin chm t khi li vn hnh ring r cng nh khi
c lin h qua my bin p u sao - tam gic.
Bo m tm chm t d dng trong trng hp trm c hoc khng
c ngi trc.
Khi cn, phi c bo tn hiu m thanh, nh sng ti ch hoc truyn
v trung tm iu khin.
I.6.23. B kim tra cch in trong li n 1kV v trong li in mt chiu
phi xc nh c tr s in tr cch in, khi cn c km bo tn
hiu m thanh, nh sng khi mc cch in gim thp di tr s t.
I.6.24. Khng cn t b kim tra cch in mch in mt chiu n gin
v khng quan trng, cc mch mt chiu in p ti 48V.
Phi nh k kim tra cch in cc mch ny bng vnmt.
I.6.25. Cho php dng vnmt kim tra nh k cch in mi cc vi t
ca cc mch kch thch cc my in quay.
C th dng mt vnmt c kho chuyn mch kim tra cch
in mt s im trn mch kch thch.
I.6.26. Phi dng bin in p mt pha hoc ba pha nm tr u vnmt
kim tra cch in. Cun cao p ca bin in p phi u hnh sao
c trung tnh ni t.
cp in cho c mch kim tra cch in v mch o lng t mt
bin in p th cn phi c hai cun th cp, mt cun u hnh sao v
mt cun u tam gic h.
o cng sut
I.6.27. Phi o cng sut theo cc yu cu sau:
1. o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng cho tng my pht
in.
75
i vi my pht in 100MW tr ln, phi dng ng h c cp
chnh xc 1,0.
2. o cng sut tc dng i vi tng my bin p v ng dy 6kV
tr ln cp in t dng cho nh my in.
3. o cng sut phn khng ca my b ng b v t b 25MVAr tr ln.
4. o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng ca MBA tng p hai
cun dy ca nh my in.
o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn khng pha h p v trung
p ca MBA tng p ba cun dy (k c my bin p t ngu c s
dng cun dy th ba) ca nh my in. i vi MBA lm vic
trong khi vi my pht in, vic o cng sut pha h p thc hin
mch my pht in.
5. Ti cc trm bin p gim p, o cng sut tc dng v cng sut phn
khng cho tng my bin p 110kV tr ln, i vi cc my bin p
khc ch cn o cng sut tc dng.
i vi my bin p ba cun dy gim p - o pha trung p v h p.
i vi my bin p hai cun dy gim p - o pha h p.
Khng cn o cng sut cc my bin p phn phi h p. Ti nhng
my bin p khng ch cng sut theo ma th phi c ch u ng h
di ng.
6. ng dy 110kV tr ln c dng cng sut t hai pha, k c my ct
mch vng - o cng sut tc dng v phn khng.
7. Phi d kin v tr u dng c di ng o cng sut ti cc im cn
kim tra nh k dng cng sut tc dng v phn khng.
I.6.28. Phi dng dng c o c thang o hai pha i vi mch c
hng cng sut thay i.
o tn s
I.6.29. Phi o tn s :
1. Mi phn on ca thanh ci in p my pht in.
2. Ti u ra my pht in ca khi.
3. Mi h thng thanh ci in p cao ca nh my in.
4. Cc nt c kh nng phn chia h thng in ra cc phn lm vic
khng ng b.
I.6.30. Phi t tn s k t ghi :
1. Nh my in c cng sut t 200MW tr ln trong h thng.
76
2. Nh my in c cng sut t 6MW tr ln vn hnh c lp.
I.6.31. Sai s tuyt i ca tn s k t ghi cc nh my in tham
gia iu tn khng c qu 0,1Hz.
o lng khi ho ng b
I.6.32. ho ng b chnh xc, cn c nhng dng c sau y:
Hai vnmt hoc mt vnmt kp.
ng b k hoc vnmt ch khng.
Hai tn s k hoc mt tn s k kp.
Rle chng ho sai (rle ho ng b).
t dng c o in
I.6.33. Phi t dng c o in trn bng kim loi hoc bng cch in, tr
bng g. Thng thng phi t dng c o in trong nh, ch c
t ngoi tri khi nh ch to cho php.
Chiu cao lp t phi cch sn t 1,2m n 2,0m. i vi loi c
chnh xc cao hoc thang o c bc o nh th khng c t
cao qu 1,7m.
Dng c t ghi c t sao cho ng tim ngang ca chng
cch sn t 0,6m n 2,0m.
I.6.34. Khng phi ni t v dng c o in lp trn kt cu kim loi c
ni t.
I.6.35. Dng c o in phi t mi trng xung quanh ph hp vi yu
cu ca nh ch to hoc ch d c, nh sng, mt knh
khng b lo do phn chiu.
77
Chng I.7
NI T
I.7.1. Chng ny p dng cho thit k v lp t trang b ni t ca cc thit
b in lm vic vi in xoay chiu hoc mt chiu mi cp in p.
I.7.2. Hin tng chm t l hin tng tip xc gia b phn mang in ca
thit b in vi kt cu khng cch in vi t, hoc trc tip vi t.
Hin tng chm v l hin tng chm in xy ra trong cc my mc,
thit b gia cc b phn mang in vi v thit b c ni t.
I.7.3. Trang b ni t l tp hp nhng in cc ni t v dy ni t.
I.7.4. in cc ni t l cc vt dn in hay nhm cc vt dn in c lin
kt vi nhau, chn di t v tip xc trc tip vi t.
I.7.5. Dy ni t l dy hoc thanh dn bng kim loi ni cc b phn cn
ni t ca thit b in vi in cc ni t.
I.7.6. Ni t cho b phn no ca thit b in l ni b phn vi trang
b ni t.
I.7.7. in p vi t khi chm v l in p gia v vi vng t c in
th bng khng.
I.7.8. in p trn trang b ni t l in p gia im dng in i vo cc ni
t v vng in th "khng" khi c dng in t in cc ni t tn
vo t.
I.7.9. Vng in th "khng" l vng t ngoi phm vi ca vng tn ca
dng in chm t.
I.7.10. in tr ca trang b ni t (in tr ni t) l tng in tr ca cc
in cc ni t, dy ni t v in tr tip xc gia chng.
I.7.11. Dng in chm t l dng in truyn xung t qua im chm t.
I.7.12. Thit b in c dng in chm t ln l thit b c in p cao hn
1kV v dng in chm t mt pha ln hn 500A.
I.7.13. Thit b in c dng in chm t nh l thit b c in p cao hn
1kV v dng in chm t mt pha nh hn hay bng 500A.
I.7.14. Trung tnh ni t trc tip l im trung tnh ca my bin p hoc
ca my pht in c ni trc tip vi trang b ni t hoc c
ni vi t qua mt in tr nh (th d nh my bin dng v.v.).
I.7.15. Trung tnh cch ly l im trung tnh ca my bin p hoc ca my
pht in khng c ni vi trang b ni t hoc c ni vi trang
78
b ni t qua cc thit b tn hiu, o lng, bo v, cun dp h
quang c ni t hoc thit b tng t khc c in tr ln.
I.7.16. Trung tnh ni t hiu qu l trung tnh ca mng in ba pha in p
ln hn 1kV c h s qu in p khi ngn mch chm t khng ln
hn 1,4.
H s qu in p khi ngn mch chm t trong mng in ba pha
l t s gia in p ca pha khng b s c khi c ngn mch chm t
v in p pha trc khi c ngn mch chm t.
I.7.17. Dy trung tnh l dy dn ca mch in ni trc tip vi im trung
tnh ca my bin p hoc ca my pht in.
a. Dy trung tnh lm vic (cn gi l dy "khng" lm vic) l dy dn
cp in cho thit b in.
Trong li in ba pha 4 dy, dy ny c ni vi im trung tnh ni
t trc tip ca my bin p hoc my pht in.
Vi ngun in mt pha, dy trung tnh lm vic c ni vi u ra
ni t trc tip.
Vi ngun in mt chiu, dy ny c ni vo im gia ni t
trc tip ca ngun.
y cng l dy cn bng ni t c nhim v dn dng in v khi
ph ti trn cc pha khng cn bng.
b. Dy trung tnh bo v (cn gi l dy "khng" bo v) cc
thit b in n 1kV l dy dn ni nhng b phn cn ni
vi im trung tnh ni t trc tip ca my bin p hoc my
pht trong li in ba pha.
i vi ngun mt pha, dy ny c ni vi mt u ra trc tip ni t.
i vi ngun mt chiu, dy ny c ni vo im gia ni t
trc tip ca ngun. (Xem Ph lc 1.7.1)
I.7.18. Ct bo v l ct t ng bng h thng bo v tt c cc pha hoc cc
cc khi c s c xy ra ti mt b phn trong li in vi thi gian ct
khng qu 0,2 giy tnh t thi im pht sinh dng chm t mt pha.
I.7.19. Cch in kp l s phi hp gia cch in lm vic (chnh) v cch
in bov (ph) (xem iu I.1.46 48). Vic phi hp ny phi m
bo sao cho khi c hng mt trong hai lp cch in th cng khng
gy nguy him khi tip xc.
Yu cu
chung
I.7.20. Thit b in c in p n 1kV v cao hn phi c mt trong cc
79
bin php bo v sau y: ni t, ni trung tnh, ct bo v, my
bin p cch ly, dng in p thp, cch in kp, ng p nhm
mc ch m bo an ton cho ngi trong cc ch lm vic
ca li in, bo v chng st cho thit b in, bo v qu in p
ni b.
ni t cho thit b in, u tin s dng ni t t nhin, nh cc
kt cu kim loi, ct thp ca kt cu btng, cc ng dn bng kim
loi t di t trong trng hp quy phm cho php, tr ng dn
cht lng d chy, kh v hn hp cht chy n v.v.
Nu s dng cc kt cu kim loi ny c in tr ni t p ng c
yu cu theo qui nh v ni t th khng cn t trang b ni t
ring.
I.7.21. Nn s dng mt trang b ni t chung cho cc thit b in c chc
nng khc nhau v in p khc nhau. Ngoi tr mt s trng hp ch
c php khi p ng nhng yu cu ring quy nh ca quy phm
ny.
in tr ca trang b ni t chung phi tho mn cc yu cu ca
thit b v bt buc phi nh hn hoc bng in tr nh nht ca
mt trong cc thit b .
I.7.22. Khi thc hin ni t hoc ct bo v theo yu cu ca quy phm ny
gp kh khn v k thut hoc kh thc hin c, cho php s dng
cc thit b in c sn cch in
Cu to ca sn cch in phi m bo l ch khi ng trn sn cch
in mi c th tip xc c vi b phn khng ni t. Ngoi ra phi
loi tr kh nng tip xc ng thi gia cc phn khng ni t ca
thit b ny vi phn c ni t ca thit b khc hoc vi cc phn kt
cu ca to nh.
I.7.23. i vi li in n 1kV c trung tnh ni t trc tip phi
m bo kh nng t ng ct in chc chn, vi thi gian ct ngn
nht nhm cch ly phn t b h hng ra khi li in khi c hin
tng chm in trn cc b phn c ni t. m bo yu cu
trn, im trung tnh ca my bin p pha h p n 1kV phi c
ni vi cc ni t bng dy ni t; vi li in mt chiu ba dy
th dy gia phi c ni t trc tip. V ca cc thit b ny phi
c ni vi dy trung tnh ni t. Khi v ca thit b khng ni vi
dy trung tnh ni t th khng c php ni t v thit b .
I.7.24. i vi my bin p c trung tnh cch ly v my bin p c
cun dp h quang vi in p cao hn 1kV phi m bo kh nng
pht hin v xc nh nhanh chng phn t b h hng bng cch t
80
thit b kim tra in p tng pha v phn on li in, khi cn
thit, phi c tn hiu chn lc hoc bo v bo tn hiu hay ct t
ng nhng phn t b h hng.
I.7.25. i vi thit b in in p n 1kV, cho php s dng im trung
tnh ni t trc tip hoc cch ly.
Nn p dng kiu trung tnh cch ly cho thit b in khi c yu cu
an ton cao, vi iu kin:
a. Cc thit b ny phi t thit b bo v kt hp vi kim tra cch
in ca li in, c th s dng ptmt hoc cu chy bo v.
b. C th pht hin nhanh v sa cha kp thi khi c chm t hoc c
thit b t ng ct b phn chm t.
Trong li in xoay chiu 3 pha 4 dy hoc li in mt chiu 3
dy, bt buc phi ni t trc tip im trung tnh.
i vi thit b in 3 pha in p danh nh 500V hoc 660V phi
cch ly im trung tnh.
I.7.26. Li in 3 pha hoc 1 pha in p n 1kV trung tnh cch ly c lin
h vi li in c in p cao hn 1kV qua my bin p, phi t
thit b bo v nh thng cch in ti im trung tnh hoc ti
dy pha in p thp ca my bin p phng nguy him khi b
h hng cch in gia cun dy cao p v cun dy h p.
I.7.27. Trong nhng trng hp sau y phi c bin php bo v c bit
t ng ct cc thit b khi xy ra hin tng chm v:
a. Li in c im trung tnh cch ly v c yu cu cao v
an ton in (trong khai thc hm m v.v.).
b. Li in c trung tnh ni t trc tip v c in p n 1kV.
thay th cho vic ni v thit b vi trung tnh ni t, cn phi t
trang b ni t tho mn yu cu nh i vi mng c trung tnh cch
ly.
c. i vi thit b di ng nu vic ni t khng c kh nng tho
mn yu cu ca quy phm ny.
I.7.28. Kch thc cc in cc ca trang b ni t nhn to (ng, thanh
v.v.) phi m bo kh nng phn b u in p i vi t trn din
tch t thit b in. Vi thit b in c dng chm t ln, bt buc
81
phi t mch vng ni t xung quanh thit b (tr cc thit b in
trm ct 35kV tr xung).
I.7.29. m bo an ton, cc thit b in c dng in chm t ln phi
thc hin li san bng in p (tr cc thit b in trm ct 35kV
tr xung).
I.7.30. m bo tr s in tr ni t theo qui nh trong sut nm, khi thit
k ni t phi tnh trc s thay i in tr sut ca t (thay i theo
thi tit).
m bo yu cu trn, trong tnh ton phi a vo h s hiu chnh
tu theo trng thi in tr sut ca t ti thi im tin hnh o.
Nhng b phn phi ni t
I.7.31. Phi ni t cc b phn bng kim loi ca cc my mc, thit b in
gian sn xut cng nh ngoi tri. Nhng b phn cn ni t bao
gm:
a. V my in, v my bin p, kh c in, ct DK, thit b chiu sng v.v.
b. B truyn ng ca thit b in.
c. Cun th cp ca my bin p o lng (my bin dng, my bin in p).
d. Khung kim loi ca t phn phi in, bng iu khin, bng in v
t in, cng nh cc b phn c th m hoc tho ra c nu nh trn
c t thit b in in p trn 42V xoay chiu hoc trn 110V mt
chiu.
e. Kt cu kim loi ca thit b in, v kim loi v v bc ca cp
lc v cp nh th, hp u cp, ng kim loi lun cp, v v gi
cc thit b in.
f. Thit b in t phn di ng ca my v cc c cu.
g. V kim loi ca my in di ng hoc cm tay.
Nhng b phn khng phi ni t
I.7.32. Nhng b phn khng yu cu ni t:
a. Thit b in c in p xoay chiu n 380V hoc c in mt
chiu n 440V v cc thit b c t trong gian t nguy him
(xem iu I.1.12); ngha l cc phng kh ro v c sn dn in km
82
(nh g, nha ng) hoc trong cc gian phng sch s v kh ro
(nh phng th nghim, vn phng).
Ghi ch: Nhng thit b in trn phi ni t nu trong khi lm vic,
ngi c th cng mt lc tip xc vi thit b in v vi b phn
khc c ni t.
b. Thit b t trn kt cu kim loi c ni t nu m bo tip
xc in tt ti mt tip xc ca kt cu (mt tip xc ny phi
c co sch, lm nhn v khng c qut sn).
c. Kt cu t cp vi in p bt k v c v bng kim loi c
ni t c hai u.
d. ng ray i ra ngoi khu t ca trm pht in, trm bin p,
trm phn phi v cc trm in ca x nghip cng nghip.
e. V dng c c cch in kp.
f. Nhng b phn c th tho ra hoc m ra c ca khung kim loi
cc bung phn phi, t, ro chn ngn cch cc t in, cc ca ra
vo v.v. nu nh trn cc b phn khng t thit b in hoc thit
b in lp trn c in p xoay chiu n 42V v in p mt chiu
n 110V.
g. Kt cu kim loi trong gian t cquy c in p n 220V.
Cho php thc hin ni t cho ng c in v my mc ring l
trn cc my ci hoc thit b khc bng cch ni t trc tip
my ci hoc thit b khc nu m bo tip xc chc chn gia
ng c hoc my mc ring l vi my ci hoc thit b khc.
Ni t thit b in in p trn 1kV
trung tnh ni t hiu qu
I.7.33. i vi thit b in in p trn 1kV trung tnh ni t hiu qu
(xem iu I.7.16), phi m bo tr s in tr ni t hoc in p
tip xc, ng thi phi m bo in p trn trang b ni t (theo
iu I.7.35) v cc bin php kt cu (theo iu I.7.36).
I.7.34. in tr ca trang b ni t vng c in tr sut ca t khng qu
500 m khng c ln hn 0,5 (trong bt c thi gian no trong
83
nm, c tnh n in tr ni t t nhin ( vng in tr sut ca
t ln hn 500m xem iu I.7.41 n I.7.45). Yu cu ny khng
p dng cho trang b ni t ca ct DK v trm 35kV tr xung.
i vi trm 35kV tr xung, p dng theo iu I.7.46 (k c
ni t hiu qu).
I.7.35. in p trn trang b ni t khi c dng in ngn mch chm t
chy qua khng c ln hn 10kV. Trong trng hp loi tr c
kh nng truyn in t trang b ni t ra ngoi phm vi cc nh v
hng ro bn ngoi cc thit b in th cho php in p trn trang b
ni t ln hn 10kV. Khi in p trn trang b ni t ln hn 5kV
phi c bin php bo v cch in cho cc ng cp thng tin v
h thng iu khin t xa t thit b in i ra v cc bin php ngn
nga truyn in th nguy him ra ngoi phm vi ca thit b in.
I.7.36. san bng in th v m bo vic ni thit b in vi h thng
in cc ni t, trn din tch t thit b in phi t cc in cc
ni t nm ngang theo chiu di v chiu rng ca din tch v ni
chng vi nhau thnh li ni t.
Cc cc ni t theo chiu di phi t gia dy thit b in v
pha i li vn hnh, su t 0,5 n 0,7m v cch mng hoc b
t thit b t 0,8m n 1,0m. Nu cc thit b in c t
thnh cc dy, c li i gia, khong cch gia hai dy khng
qu 3m th cho php t mt in cc san bng in th chung gia
hai dy thit b.
Cc in cc ni t theo chiu rng phi c t nhng v tr
thun tin gia cc thit b in su 0,5 n 0,7m. Khong cch
gia chng nn ly tng ln k t chu vi n trung tm ca li ni
t. Khi khong cch u tin v khong cch tip theo k t chu
vi khng c vt qu 4,0; 5,0; 6,0; 7,5; 9,0; 11,0; 13,5; 16,0 v
20,0m. Kch thc ca li ni t tip gip vi ch ni im trung
tnh my bin p lc v dao to ngn mch vi trang b ni t khng
84
c vt qu 6x6 m
2
.
Trong mi trng hp, khong cch gia cc in cc nm ngang
khng c ln hn 30m.
Cc in cc nm ngang phi c t theo bin ca din tch t
trang b ni t sao cho to thnh mch vng khp kn.
Nu mch vng ni t b tr trong phm vi hng ro pha ngoi ca
thit b in th di ca ra vo, st vi in cc nm ngang
ngoi cng ca mch vng phi t thm hai cc ni t san
bng in th. Hai cc ni t ny phi c chiu di t 3 n 5m v
khng cch gia chng bng chiu rng ca ra vo.
I.7.37. Vic lp t trang b ni t phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
Cc dy ni t thit b hoc kt cu vi cc ni t phi t su
khng nh hn 0,3m.
Phi t mt mch vng ni t nm ngang bao quanh ch ni t
trung tnh ca my bin p lc v dao to ngn mch.
Khi trang b ni t vt ra ngoi phm vi hng ro thit b in th
cc in cc ni t nm ngang pha ngoi din tch t thit b
in phi c t su khng nh hn 1m. Mch vng ni t
ngoi cng trong trng hp ny nn c dng a gic c gc t hoc
c gc ln.
I.7.38. Hng ro bn ngoi ca thit b in khng phi ni t vi trang b
ni t. Nu c DK in p 110kV tr ln t thit b i ra th hng
ro ny phi c ni t bng cc cc ni t c chiu di t 2 - 3m
v c chn su cnh cc tr ca hng ro theo ton b chu vi v
cch nhau t 20 - 50m mt cc. Khng yu cu t cc ni t ny
i vi hng ro c cc tr bng kim loi hoc btng ct thp,
nu ct thp ca cc tr ny c ni vi cc chi tit kim loi ca
hng ro.
loi tr lin h v in gia hng ro bn ngoi vi trang b
85
ni t th khong cch t hng ro n cc chi tit ca trang b ni
t b tr dc theo hng ro pha trong hoc pha ngoi hoc hai
pha ca hng ro, khng c c nh hn 2m. in cc ni t,
dy cp c v bc kim loi, ng ng kim loi i ra ngoi phm vi
ca hng ro phi c b tr gia cc tr ca hng ro, su
khng nh hn 0,5m. Nhng ni tip gip gia hng ro pha ngoi
vi cc nh hoc cng trnh xy dng, cng nh nhng ni tip
gip gia hng ro pha ngoi vi hng ro kim loi pha trong phi
c xy gch hoc lp bng g vi chiu di khng nh hn 1m.
I.7.39. Nu trang b ni t ca thit b in cng nghip c ni vi li ni
t ca thit b in c in p ln hn 1kV trung tnh ni t hiu
qu bng dy cp c v bc bng kim loi hoc bng dy kim loi
th vic san bng in th xung quanh nh hoc din tch t thit b
in phi tho mn mt trong cc iu kin sau y:
a. t mt mch vng ni t xung quanh nh hoc din tch t thit
b v ni mch vng ny vi kt cu kim loi ca cng trnh xy
dng, thit b sn xut v vi li ni t (ni trung tnh). Mch vng
phi c t su 1m v cch mng nh hoc chu vi t thit b
1m. ca ra vo nh phi t hai dy ni t, cch mch vng ni
t 1m v 2m su tng ng 1m v 1,5m v phi ni nhng dy
ni t ny vi mch vng.
b. Cho php dng mng btng ct thp lm ni t nu nh m bo
c yu cu v san bng in th.
Khng phi thc hin nhng iu kin nu ra mc a v b nu trn
nu nh xung quanh nh v ca ra vo nh c ri nha ng.
I.7.40. Tr s dng in tnh ton dng tnh dy ni t phi ly bng tr s
ln nht (gi tr n nh) trong cc dng in chm t mt pha ca
h thng in v c tnh n s phn b dng in chm t
gia cc im trung tnh ni t ca h thng.
Ni t thit b in ti vng c
in tr sut ln
86
I.7.41. Vic lp t trang b ni t cho thit b in c in p ln hn 1kV
trong li in trung tnh ni t hiu qu, vng t c in tr
sut ( ) ln hn 500 m, xc nh vo thi gian bt li nht trong
nm (o vo ma kh), cn thc hin theo cc bin php sau:
a. Tng chiu di cc ni t nu in tr sut ca t gim theo
su.
b. t in cc ni t ko di (c th t 1 n 2 km) nu gn
c nhng ch c in tr sut ca t nh hn.
c. Ci to t lm gim in tr sut ca t (dng bt st, bt
bentnt hoc than ch v.v. trn vi cc cht ph gia khc).
Trong vng t c , cho php t cc in cc ni t nng hn so
vi yu cu nhng khng c nh hn 0,15m. Ngoi ra khng cn b
tr cc ni t cc ca ra vo.
I.7.42. Vic lp t trang b ni t cho thit b in c in p ln hn 1kV,
vng t c in tr sut ln hn 500m, c php tng gi tr in
tr ni t ca trang b ni t ln n 0,001[] nhng khng c
ln hn 5, nu vic thc hin nh iu I.7.41 c chi ph qu cao.
I.7.43. Trng hp thc hin trang b ni t nh iu I.7.42 vn khng
t c theo yu cu th cho php thc hin theo tiu chun in
p tip xc v in p bc cho php. Cch xc nh in p
tip xc v in p bc c th thc hin theo Ph lc I.7.2.
I.7.44. Trang b ni t phi m bo tr s in p tip xc v in p bc
khng ln hn gi tr qui nh bt k thi gian no trong nm khi
c dng ngn mch chy qua.
I.7.45. Khi xc nh gi tr in p tip xc v in p bc cho php, thi
gian tc ng tnh ton phi ly bng tng thi gian tc ng ca bo
v v thi gian ct ton phn ca my ct. ch lm vic ca cng
nhn khi thc hin cc thao tc ng ct c th xut hin ngn mch
ra cc kt cu m cng nhn c th chm ti th thi gian tc ng
ca thit b bo v phi ly bng thi gian tc ng ca bo v d
87
n
nd
phng.
Ni t thit b in in p trn 1kV
trung tnh cch ly
I.7.46. i vi thit b in trn 1kV trung tnh cch ly, tr s in tr ni
t trong nm c xc nh theo cc cng thc sau y, nhng
khng c ln hn 10:
a) Nu trang b ni t ng thi s dng cho c thit b in c in p
cao hn 1kV v di 1kV.
R
1

25 [
]

Icd
Trong trng hp ny vn phi thc hin nhng yu cu v ni t cho
thit b in c in p n 1kV.
b. Nu trang b ni t ch s dng ring cho nhng thit b in c
in p cao hn 1kV.

R
250 [
]
Icd
Trong :
R
n:
Tr s in tr ni t ln nht khi c tnh n s thay i in tr
sut ca t (
) theo thi tit trong nm, [] Icd: Dng in chm t

tnh ton, [A]
I.7.47. Dng in chm t tnh ton:
1. i vi li in khng c b dng in in dung: l dng in
tng chm t.
2. i vi li in c b dng in in dung:
Trang b ni t ni vi thit b b - bng 125% dng in danh
nh ca thit b b.
Khi trang b ni t khng ni qua thit b b, dng in
tnh ton l dng in chm t d khi ct thit b b c cng
sut ln nht, hoc ct nhnh li ln nht.
I.7.48. Tr s dng in chm t tnh ton phi xc nh theo s vn hnh
ca li in khi dng in ngn mch c tr s ln nht.
88
I.7.49. Vi thit b in c trung tnh cch ly, in tr ni t c tnh ton
theo iu I.7.46. Dng in chm t tnh ton c th c xc nh
theo dng in tc ng ca rle bo v chm t mt pha hoc ngn
mch gia cc pha nu dng ngn mch gia cc pha m bo ct chm
t.
Dng in chm t tnh ton khng c nh hn 1,5 ln dng in
tc ng ca rle bo v hoc 3 ln dng danh nh ca dy chy.
Ni t thit b in in p n 1kV
trung tnh ni t trc tip
I.7.50. Dy trung tnh ca ngun cp in (my pht in, my bin p) phi c
ni chc chn vi trang b ni t bng dy ni t v cc trang b ni t
ny cn t st gn cc thit b trn. Tit din ca dy ni t khng c
nh hn quy nh bng I.7.1 ca iu I.7.72.
Trong cc trng hp ring, nh cc trm bin p bn trong cc phn
xng, cho php t cc trang b ni t trc tip gn ngay
tng nh (pha bn ngoi).
I.7.51. Cc dy pha v dy trung tnh ca my bin p, my pht in n
bng phn phi iu khin, thng thc hin bng thanh dn.
dn in ca thanh dn trung tnh phi khng nh hn 50% ca
thanh dn pha Nu s dng cp thay th cc thanh dn th phi
dng cp 4 rut.
I.7.52. Tr s in tr ni t ca trung tnh my pht in hoc my bin p,
hoc u ra ca ngun in mt pha bt k thi im no trong nm
khng c ln hn 2, 4 tng ng vi in p dy ca ngun in
ba pha l 660V, 380V hoc tng ng vi in p pha ca ngun in
mt pha l 380V, 220V. Gi tr ca in tr ny c tnh n c ni
t t nhin v ni t lp li cho dy trung tnh ca DK. in tr
ni t ca cc cc ni t t gn st trung tnh ca my bin p, my
pht in hoc u ra ca ngun in mt pha khng c ln hn 15;
30tng ng vi cc gi tr ca in p nh nu trn.
Khi in tr sut ca t ln hn 100m, cho php tng in tr ni
t ln 0,01 ln, nhng khng c ln hn 10 ln.
I.7.53. Dy trung tnh phi c ni t lp li ti cc ct cui v ct r
89
nhnh ca DK. Dc theo dy trung tnh phi ni t lp li vi
khong cch thng t 200 n 250m.
ni t lp li trong li in xoay chiu nn s dng cc vt ni
t t nhin, cn i vi li in mt chiu th nht thit phi t
trang b ni t nhn to.
I.7.54. in tr ca tt c cc ni t lp li (k c ni t t nhin) cho dy
trung tnh ca DK bt k thi im no trong nm khng c ln
hn 5, 10 tng ng vi in p dy ca ngun in ba pha l 660V,
380V hoc tng ng vi in p pha ca ngun mt pha l 380V,
220V. Trong gi tr in tr ca mi ni t lp li khng c
ln hn 15; 30 tng ng vi cc gi tr in p nu trn.
Ni t thit b in in p n 1kV
trung tnh cch ly
I.7.55. i vi thit b in c trung tnh cch ly, tr s in tr ni t ca
thit b in khng c ln hn 4.
Nu cng sut ca my pht in hoc my bin p t 100kVA tr
xung th in tr ni t khng uc ln hn 10.
Trng hp cc my pht in hoc cc my bin p lm vic song
song vi tng cng sut ca chng khng ln hn 100kVA th tr s
in tr ni t khng c ln hn 10.
I.7.56. Cm s dng t lm dy pha hoc dy trung tnh i vi nhng thit
b in c in p n 1kV.
Ni t cc thit b dng in cm tay
I.7.57. Thit b dng in cm tay ch c nhn in trc tip t li in khi
in p ca li khng c qu 380/220V.
I.7.58. V kim loi ca thit b dng in cm tay c in p trn 36V xoay
chiu v trn 110V mt chiu trong cc gian nguy him hoc rt
nguy him phi c ni t, tr trng hp thit b c cch in
hai lp hoc c cp in t my bin p cch ly.
90
I.7.59. Phi ni t hoc ni trung tnh cho cc thit b dng in cm tay
bng cc dy ring (dy th ba i vi cc dng c in mt
chiu v mt pha xoay chiu, dy th t cho cc dng c in ba
pha). Nn t dy ny trong cng mt v vi cc dy pha v ni vi
v ca dng c in. Khng cho php s dng dy trung tnh lm vic
lm dy ni t.
I.7.60. cp in cho cc thit b dng in cm tay phi s dng nhng
cm in v phch cm chuyn dng. Loi cm v phch cm ny m
bo khng cm nhm cc ni t vi cc dng in v khi cm th cc
ni t tip xc trc cc dng in, khi ngt in th cc ni t c
ct sau cng. Nu cm in c v bng kim loi, phi ni v kim loi
vi cc ni t. Dy dn v pha ngun cung cp phi c u vo
cm, cn dy dn v pha dng c in phi c u vo phch cm.
I.7.61. Dy ni t ca cc thit b dng in cm tay dng trong cng
nghip phi bng dy ng mm v c tit din ln hn 1,5mm
2
, cn
i vi thit b dng in cm tay dng trong sinh hot th tit din
phi ln hn 0,75mm
2
.
Ni t thit b in di ng
I.7.62. Cc trm pht in di ng phi c trang b ni t ging nh qui nh
trong iu I.7.59.
I.7.63. i vi thit b di ng nhn in t ngun in c nh hoc t trm
pht in di ng phi ni v ca thit b ti trang b ni t ca
ngun cung cp in.
Trong li in c trung tnh cch ly nn b tr trang b ni t cho
thit b in di ng ngay bn cnh thit b. Tr s in tr ni t phi
tho mn cc yu cu ca iu I.7.55. Nn u tin s dng cc vt ni
t t nhin gn .
I.7.64. Nu vic ni t cho thit b in di ng khng th thc hin c hoc
khng p ng c yu cu ca quy phm ny th phi thay th
vic ni t bng vic ct bo v ct in p a vo thit b khi b
chm t.
I.7.65. Khng yu cu ni t cho thit b in di ng trong cc trng hp
di y:
91
a. Nu thit b in di ng c mt my pht in ring (khng cp
in cho cc thit b khc) t trc tip ngay trn my v trn mt
b kim loi chung.
b. Nu cc thit b in di ng (vi s lng khng ln hn 2) nhn
in t trm pht in di ng ring (khng cung cp in cho cc
thit b khc) vi khong cch t thit b di ng n trm pht in
khng qu 50m v v ca cc thit b di ng c ni vi v ca
ngun pht in bng dy dn.
I.7.66. La chn dy ni t, dy ni v cho nhng thit b di ng phi ph
hp vi cc yu cu ca quy phm ny.
Dy ni t, dy trung tnh bo v v dy ni v ca thit b
phi l dy ng mm c tit din bng tit din dy pha v nn
cng trong mt v vi cc dy pha.
Trong li in c trung tnh cch ly, cho php t dy ni t v dy
ni v ring bit vi dy pha. Trong trng hp ny tit din ca
chng khng c nh hn 2,5mm
2
.
lm dy ni v ca ngun cp in vi v ca thit b di ng c
th s dng:
a. Li th 5 ca dy cp trong li in ba pha c dy trung tnh lm
vic.
b. Li th 4 ca dy cp trong li in ba pha khng c dy trung
tnh lm vic.
c. Li th ba ca dy cp trong li in mt pha.
Trang b ni t
I.7.67. Khi thit k ni t cho thit b in phi xc nh tr s in tr sut
ca t bng cch o ti hin trng. Tr s in tr sut s dng
trong tnh ton thit k phi xc nh bng cch nhn tr s o c
vi h s ma.
Ghi ch: H s ma l h s ph thuc vo s thay i thi tit trong
mt nm (gia ma ma v ma kh) t ti tr s in tr sut
92
bt li nht trong nm.
I.7.68. Khi thit k ni t nn s dng cc vt ni t t nhin.
Cc b phn sau y c s dng lm ni t t nhin:
a. ng dn nc v ng dn bng kim loi chn trong t, tr cc
ng ng dn cht lng d chy, kh v hp cht chy, n.
b. ng chn trong t ca ging khoan.
c. Kt cu kim loi v b tng ct thp nm trong t ca to nh v
cng trnh xy dng.
d. ng ng kim loi ca cng trnh thu li.
e. V bc ch ca dy cp t trong t. Khng c php s dng
v nhm ca dy cp lm cc ni t t nhin.
f. ng ray ca cn trc, ng ray ni b x nghip nu nh gia
cc thanh ray c ni vi nhau bng cu ni.
B phn ni t t nhin phi c ni ti trang b ni t nhn to
(ni t chnh) t nht ti 2 im.
I.7.69. in cc ni t nhn to c th s dng cc thp ng, thp trn, thp
dt, thp gc ng thng ng hoc thp trn, thp dt v.v. t nm
ngang.
Kch thc nh nht ca cc in cc ca trang b ni t theo
quy nh bng I.7.1. Ti nhng ni d b n mn, cc in cc ca
trang b ni t phi c m ng hoc m km. Trng hp c bit,
ti nhng ni c nhiu cht n mn kim loi mnh, ngoi vic m trn
cn phi tng tit din ca cc in cc ca trang b ni t v phi c
ch kim tra thng xuyn.
in cc chn trong t ca trang b ni t khng c qut
nha ng hoc cc lp sn cch in khc.
Dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v
I.7.70. Phi u tin dng dy trung tnh lm vic lm dy trung tnh bo v.
93
lm dy ni t ph v dy trung tnh bo v, cho php s dng cc
vt dn t nhin di y:
a. Kt cu kim loi ca ngi nh (ko, ct, gi thit b, ct thp
ca ct b tng ct thp v.v.).
b. Kt cu kim loi trong sn xut (ng ray, cu trc, khung kim
loi ca cc b phn giao thng i li (thang my, hm sn v.v.).
c. ng thp ca thit b in.
d. ng kim loi dn nc, thot nc, dn hi nhit (tr cc ng dn
cht chy n) ca cc thit b in in p n 1kV.
e. V cp bng nhm.
f. Kt cu kim loi ca ct btng c hoc btng ly tm.
Khi s dng chng lm dy ni t chnh th phi p ng cc yu cu
ca dy ni t trong quy phm ny.
Nhng vt dn in t nhin phi c ni ti trang b ni t chc
chn, lin mch.
I.7.71. Cm s dng v kim loi ca dy dn kiu ng, cp treo ca ng dn
in, v kim loi ca ng cch in, tay nm kim loi, v ch ca dy
v cp in lm dy ni t hoc dy trung tnh bo v. Ch cho
php dng v ch ca cp vo mc ch trn trong ci to li in
thnh ph c in p 380/220V.
Trong cc gian v thit b ngoi tri c yu cu ni t, ni trung
tnh th v kim loi ni trn phi c ni t chc chn trn ton b
chiu di. Hp cp v hp u dy cn c ni vi v kim loi bng
cch hn hoc bng bulng. Cc mi ni bng bulng phi c bin php
chng g v chng ni lng.
Dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v t trong nh v ngoi tri phi
tip cn c kim tra. Vic kim tra khng p dng cho dy trung
tnh ca cp bc, ct thp ca kt cu btng ct thp, cng nh dy
ni t t trong ng, hp hoc kt cu xy dng.
Dy ni t bng thp t ngoi tri phi m km.
94
I.7.72. Dy ni t bng ng hoc nhm hoc thp phi c kch thc khng
nh hn tr s quy nh trong bng I.7.1.
Cm s dng dy nhm trn chn trong t lm dy ni t.
I.7.73. Vi nhng thit b in c in p cao hn 1kV v dng in chm t
ln, tit din ca dy ni t phi m bo khi c dng in chm t
tnh ton mt pha chy qua m nhit ca dy ni t khng vt
qu 400
o
C (iu kin pht nng ngn hn ph hp vi thi gian ct
ca thit b bo v chnh).
Bng I.7.1. Kch thc nh nht ca dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v
Tn ng Nhm
Thp
Trong
nh
Ngoi
tri
Trong
t
Dy trn:
-
Tit din, mm
2
-
ng knh, mm
4
-
6
-
-
5
-
6
-
10
Tit din dy cch in,
mm
2
1,5
(*)
2,5
- - -
Tit din rut ni t v
ni trung tnh ca cp
hoc dy nhiu rut
trong v bo v chung
vi cc rut pha, mm
2
1 2,5 - - -
Chiu dy cnh thp gc,
mm - - 2 2,5 4
Tit din thp thanh, mm
2
Chiu dy, mm
-
-
-
-
24
3
48
4
48
4
ng:
Chiu dy thnh ng, mm - 2,5 2,5 2,5 3,5
ng thp mng:
Chiu dy thnh ng, mm - - 1,5 2,5
Khng
cho php
Ghi ch: Khi t dy trong ng, tit din ca dy trung tnh bo v
c php bng 1mm
2
nu dy pha c cng tit din.
95
I.7.74. Vi nhng thit b in c in p cao hn 1kV v dng in chm t
nh, tit din ca dy ni t phi m bo khi c dng in chm t
tnh ton mt pha m nhit pht nng lu di ca dy ni t t
ngm di t khng vt qu 150
o
C.
I.7.75. Thit b in n 1kV v cao hn c trung tnh cch ly, in dn ca
dy ni t khng c nh hn 1/3 in dn ca dy pha, cn tit din
khng nh hn tr s trong bng I.7.1, v khng cn ly ln hn
120mm
2
nu l dy thp, khng ln hn 35mm
2
nu l dy nhm,
v khng ln hn 25mm
2
nu l dy ng.
Trong nh xng sn xut, li ni t chnh dng thanh thp phi c
tit din khng nh hn 100mm
2
. C th dng thp trn cng tit din.
I.7.76. i vi thit b in c in p n 1kV trung tnh ni t trc tip,
m bo kh nng ct t ng khu vc xy ra s c, tit din dy pha
v dy trung tnh bo v phi chn sao cho khi chm v hoc chm
dy trung tnh bo v, dng in ngn mch khng nh hn:
a. 3 ln dng in danh nh ca dy chy cu chy gn nht.
b. 3 ln dng in danh nh ca phn t ct khng iu chnh c
hoc dng in chnh nh phn t ct iu chnh c ca ptmt c
c tnh dng in quan h ngc.
bo v li in bng ptmt ch c phn t ct in t (ct
nhanh), tit din ca dy phi m bo dng in chy qua khng nh
hn mc chnh nh dng in khi ng tc thi nhn vi h s phn
tn (theo s liu ca nh ch to) v h s d tr 1,1. Khi khng c s
liu ca nh ch to, i vi ptmt c dng in danh nh n
100A, bi s dng in ngn mch so vi mc chnh nh phi
khng nh hn 1,4; i vi ptmt c dng in danh nh trn
100A - khng nh hn 1,25.
Tit din ca dy trung tnh bo v, trong mi trng hp phi khng
nh hn 50% tit din ca dy pha.
Nu yu cu trn khng p ng c gi tr dng in chm v hoc
96
chm dy trung tnh bo v th vic ct dng ngn mch ny phi bng
thit b bo v c bit.
I.7.77. Thit b in c in p n 1kV trung tnh ni t trc tip, dy trung
tnh bo v nn t chung v bn cnh cc dy pha.
Dy trung tnh lm vic phi tnh ton m bo dng in lm vic
lu di. Dy trung tnh lm vic c th l dy cch in c cch in nh
dy pha. Vic cch in dy trung tnh lm vic cng nh dy trung
tnh bo v bt buc nhng ch nu dng dy trn c th to ra cp
in ngu hoc lm h hng cch in ca dy pha do tia la gia dy
trung tnh trn v v hoc kt cu (v d khi t dy trong ng, hp,
mng). Khng yu cu cch in nu dng v hoc kt cu ca b
thanh ci (trn gi hoc trong thit b hp b) lm dy trung tnh lm
vic v bo v, cng nh vi v nhm hoc ch ca cp (xem thm iu
I.7.71).
Trong gian sn xut, mi trng bnh thng, c php dng kt cu
kim loi, ng, v v kt cu thanh ci lm dy trung tnh lm vic
(xem thm iu I.7.70) khi:
Cp in cho ph ti n l mt pha c cng sut nh, in p n 42V.
Cp in mt pha cho cun dy ng ct ca khi ng t hoc
cngtct.
Cp in mt pha cho thit b chiu sng v mch iu khin tn hiu
ca cu trc bng mt pha.
I.7.78. Khng cho php dng dy trung tnh lm vic lm dy trung tnh bo
v cho cc dng c in cm tay mt pha hoc mt chiu. Dy trung
tnh bo v phi l dy ring th ba u vo cm ba cc.
I.7.79. Khng c t cu chy hoc thit b ct trong mch dy ni t v
dy trung tnh bo v.
Mch dy trung tnh lm vic ng thi lm trung tnh bo v c th
cng ct ng thi vi dy pha.
Nu dng thit b ct mt cc, bt buc phi t dy pha, khng
c t dy trung tnh.
I.7.80. Khng c php dng dy trung tnh lm vic ca ng dy ny
97

lm dy trung tnh ca thit b in c cung cp t ng dy khc.
c php dng dy trung tnh lm vic ca ng dy chiu sng
lm dy trung tnh ca thit b in c cung cp t ng dy khc
nu ng dy trn c cung cp t cng mt my bin p, tit din
dy trung tnh lm vic phi ln p ng trong mi trng hp
v loi tr kh nng b ct khi ng dy khc k trn ang lm
vic. Trong trng hp ny, khng c dng thit b ct ct dy
trung tnh lm vic cng vi dy pha.
I.7.81. Trong li in trn khng in p n 1kV c trung tnh ni t trc
tip, tr s dng in ngn mch dng kim tra kh nng ct khi c
ngn mch gia cc pha vi dy trung tnh c xc nh theo cng
thc gn ng di y:
Up
Ztp
k
Zbt
I
3
+
trong
Up: in p pha ca li in
Ztp = : tng tr ton phn im nt ca mch vng gia dy pha
v dy trung tnh ly bng 0,6/km.
Zbt: tng tr ca my bin p.
Ch tnh n Zbt trong cng thc trn nu ng mch vo my bin
p 3 pha Y/y - 12 v khi Zbt ly theo s liu ca nh ch to.
Cn cc trng hp khc khng a Zbt vo cng thc tnh ton.
I.7.82. Trong nhng gian m t v c hi n mn th dy ni t phi t cch
tng t nht 10mm.
I.7.83. Dy ni t phi c bo v chng h hng v c hc v ho hc,
lu nhng ch giao cho vi ng cp, ng dn, ng st v.v.
Bo v chng h hng v ho hc phi c bit ch ti nhng khu
vc c mi trng d n mn.
I.7.84. Dy ni t xuyn qua tng phi c t trong nhng l h, lun
trong ng hoc v bc cng.
I.7.85. Khng cho php s dng dy ni t vo cc mc ch khc. Ch cho
php s dng dy ni t ni tm thi vo my hn nu tit din ca
98
dy ni t m bo dn c dng in hn chy qua. Ch c s
dng dy trung tnh ni vo mch iu khin ca my cng c trong
trng hp c bit.
I.7.86. Ti ch dy ni t vo cng trnh phi c nhng k hiu ring d quan
st.
Dy ni t t trn, cc kt cu ca trang b ni t pha trn mt
t phi sn mu tm hoc en.
Trong nhng gian c yu cu cao v trang tr, cho php sn dy ni
t ph hp vi mu ca gian phng, nhng ti ch ni hoc phn
nhnh ca dy ni t phi sn 2 vch mu tm hoc en cch
nhau 150mm. ng dy in nhnh 2 dy, trong dy trung tnh
c s dng lm dy ni t th ti ch hn hoc ch ni ca dy
trung tnh cng phi sn mu tm.
I.7.87. Mi ni gia dy ni t v dy trung tnh bo v vi nhau phi m
bo tip xc tt bng cch hn trc tip hoc kho ni chuyn dng.
Mi hn phi c chiu di chng ln nhau bng 2 ln b rng ca
thanh ni nu l tit din ch nht, hoc 6 ln ng knh ca thanh
ni nu l tit din trn.
Trn cc DK c php ni dy trung tnh ging nh ni ca dy
pha.
Mi ni trong gian m t, c hi hoc kh n mn kim loi phi
thc hin bng cch hn. Trng hp khng c iu kin hn, cho
php ni bng bulng nhng mi ni phi c sn bo v. Mi ni
phi tip cn c kim tra
I.7.88. Khi s dng cc vt dn nu trong iu I.7.70 lm dy ni t
phi tho mn cc yu cu sau:
a. Mi ni ca chng phi tip xc chc chn v phi m bo dn
in lin tc sut chiu di ca vt dn.
b. Khi s dng cc kt cu kim loi k tip nhau lm dy ni t
phi ni chng vi nhau bng cc thanh dn c tit din khng nh
hn 100mm
2
v ni bng hn. Khi s dng cc kt cu i vi
thit b in c in p n 1kV trung tnh ni t trc tip phi ni
99
chng bng cu dn c tit din ging nh dy ni t.
I.7.89. Nhng ng thp lun dy dn in, hp mng v kt cu khc s dng
lm dy ni t hoc dy trung tnh bo v phi c ni vi nhau chc
chn.
Trng hp ng thp t h c th s dng cc mng sng ni trn
lp sn minium hoc s dng cc kt cu ni khc c tip xc chc
chn.
Trng hp ng thp t kn ch c php ni bng mng sng
xit cht trn lp sn minium.
Khi mi ni c nhng on ren di, trn mi pha ca n phi
c ai c hm.
Trng hp t kn cng nh t h trong li in c trung tnh ni
t phi c 2 mi hn ti mi pha ca u ni ng (trng hp ny
khng cn t ai c hm nu t h).
Khi dy dn in lun trong cc ng thp v cc ng thp ny c
s dng lm dy ni t, ti u vo phi c ni kim loi gia ng
thp v v thit b in.
I.7.90. Ni dy ni t vi in cc ni t ko di (v d ng dn) phi ni
ti u dn vo cng trnh bng cch hn. Nu khng c iu kin hn
th cho php s dng cc ai gi, khi ni phi co sch ng v m
thic ti mt tip xc ca chng trc khi t ai.
I.7.91. Vic ni dy ni t ti cc kt cu ni t phi bng cch hn, vic ni
dy ni t ti thit b my mc v.v. c th bng cch hn hoc
bulng ni chc chn. Cc mi ni ny trn b phn rung ng hoc
chn ng phi c bin php m bo tip xc tt (ai c hm, vng
m hm).
Dy ni t hoc trung tnh bo v cho thit b thng xuyn b tho
lp hoc t trn b phn chuyn ng phi bng dy dn mm.
I.7.92. im trung tnh ca my bin p hoc my pht in ni t trc tip
hoc qua thit b b dng in in dung phi c ni ti li ni
t hoc thanh ni t chnh bng dy ni t ring.
100
I.7.93. H ni t an ton, ni t lm vic v ni t chng st phi c
ni ti li ni t bng dy nhnh ring.
101
20
Ph lc I.3.1
Tnh ton kim tra dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn trn
Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn trn theo iu kin pht nng do dng
in v do bc x mt tri c tnh bng cng thc sau:
( ) [ ] 20 . 1
. . .
.
W
. 20
s
+ +

1
]
1
,
_
T R
d h h
I
dc
r w
Trong :
I: Dng in lu di cho php [A]
d: ng knh ngoi ca dy dn [cm]
: tng nhit cho php trn dy dn [C]
T: Nhit khng kh ng vi thi im kim tra
v thng chn nhit khng kh cao nht (
0
C)
: H s tng in tr do nhit (1/
0
C)
R: in tr dy dn in 20
o
C vi dng in mt chiu (/cm)
W
s
: Nng lng bc x mt tri (W/cm)
: H s pht nhit (chn bng 0,9)
: T s gia in tr xoay chiu v mt chiu
v : Tc gi tnh ton (m/s)
h
w
: H s tn nhit do i lu c tnh bng cng thc thc nghim Rice
nh sau:

( )
2 o
123 . 0
. W/
2
273
. 000572 . 0 cm C
T
d
v
h
w
,
_

+ +
h
r
: H s tn nhit do bc x (nh lut Stefan Boltzmann)
c tnh bng cng thc sau:
( )
2 0
4 4
. W/
100
273
100
273
. 000567 . 0 cm C
T T
h
r
,
_
,
_
+ +
102
I. Cc tr s la chn trong tnh ton
1. Nng lng bc x mt tri: tham kho cc s liu tnh ton ca cc
nc khu vc ln cn, la chn:

W
s
= 0,1 W/cm
2
2. Tc gi tnh ton:
v = 0,6 m/s
3. Nhit khng kh T ph thuc thi im kim tra dng in lu
di cho php, iu kin bt li nht l chn nhit khng kh cao nht v
ph hp vi iu kin kh hu Vit Nam T = 40C.
4. H s tng in tr do nhit ph thuc vt liu dy dn
i vi dy nhm li thp, thng thng = 0,00403
i vi dy hp kim nhm = 0,00360

i vi dy ng = 0,00393
5. T s gia in tr xoay chiu v mt chiu c th tham kho
bng 1 cho cc loi dy nhm li thp thng dng.
6. tng nhit cho php trn dy dn ph thuc nhit cho
php trn dy dn v nhit khng kh T (= 40C iu kin kh hu Vit
Nam).
i vi dy nhm li thp, dy hp kim nhm: nhit cho php
trn dy dn t ti 90C trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, ngha l:
= 90C - 40C =
50C
i vi dy siu nhit (TAL): nhit cho php trn dy dn t ti
150
o
C trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, ngha l:
= 150C - 40C =
110C
i vi dy cc siu nhit (ZTAL): nhit cho php trn dy dn t
ti 210
o
C trong iu kin vn hnh bnh thng, ngha l:
103
= 210C - 40C =
170C
Dng in lu di cho php ca dy dn ph thuc nhiu vo thi im kim
tra. V d nu kim tra vo ban m, nhit khng kh T = 25C, nng
lng bc x mt tri W
s
= 0, cho kt qu dng in lu di cho php tng ln
ng k so vi ban ngy.
II. T s in tr AC/DC ( RAC/RDC)
ca dy nhm rut thp tng cng (loi ACSR)
Nhit , oC 60 70 80 90 R
DC

20
o
C
(/km)
Tn s, Hz 50 60 50 60 50 60 50 60
240mm
2
R
AC
/R
DC
1.002 1.003 1.002 1.003 1.002 1.002 1.002 1.002 0.1200
330mm
2
R
AC
/R
DC
1.004 1.006 1.004 1.006 1.004 1.005 1.004 1.005 0.0888
410mm
2
R
AC
/R
DC
1.007 1.010 1.006 1.009 1.006 1.009 1.006 1.008 0.0702
610mm
2
R
AC
/R
DC
1.032 1.039
1.041 1.048 1.045 1.052 1.048 1.055 0.0474
810mm
2
R
AC
/R
DC
1.048 1.063 1.056 1.070 1.060 1.073 1.061 1.074 0.0356
Nhit , oC 100 110 120 R
DC

20
o
C
(/km)
Tn s, Hz 50 60 50 60 50 60
240mm
2
R
AC
/R
DC
1.002 1.002 1.002 1.002 1.001 1.002 0.1200
330mm
2
R
AC
/R
DC
1.003 1.005 1.003 1.004 1.003 1.004 0.0888
410mm
2
R
AC
/R
DC
1.005 1.008 1.005 1.007 1.005 1.007 0.0702
610mm
2
R
AC
/R
DC
1.050 1.055 1.051 1.056 1.052 1.057 0.0474
104
810mm
2
R
AC
/R
DC
1.062 1.074 1.063 1.074 1.063 1.074 0.0356
Ph lc I.3.2
Chn dy chng st
Dy chng st c la chn ch yu l p ng c iu kin n
nh
nhit khi ngn mch mt pha. Dng in ngn mch cho php trn dy chng
st c tnh bng cng thc sau:

t
S K
I
.

Trong : I: dng in ngn mch cho php (A)
t: thi gian tn ti ngn mch (giy)
S: tit din dy chng st (mm
2
)
K: hng s ph thuc vt liu ch to dy chng st:
i vi dy nhm li thp k = 93
i vi dy thp m km k = 56
i vi dy thp ph nhm k = 91 117
Thng dng cho dy chng st c kt hp cp quang.
Kh nng chu n nh nhit khi ngn mch mt pha ca dy chng st
c so snh bng i lng c trng [kA
2
s].
105
V d dng in ngn mch cho php trn dy chng st tnh c l I =
10kA, thi gian tn ti ngn mch t = 0,5s, kh nng chu n nh nhit ca dy
chng st s l:
(10kA)
2
.0,5s =
50kA
2
s
Trong thc hnh c th dng cc biu dng tnh ton dng in tc
thi cho php v so snh vi dng in ngn mch
I N
) 1 (
mt pha ca h thng
in ti v tr cn
I N
I
) 1 (
kim tra, iu kin n nh nhit s m bo khi:
Dng in tc thi cho php ca dy li thp
Thi gian (s)
Tt din (mm
2
)
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1
0
1.77 1.25 1.02 0.89 0.79 0.72 0.67
2
0
3.54 2.50 2.04 1.77 1.58 1.45 1.34
3
0
5.31 3.76 3.07 2.66 2.38 2.17 2.01
4
0
7.08 5.01 4.09 3.54 3.17 2.89 2.68
5
0
8.85 6.26 5.11 4.43 3.96 3.61 3.35
6
0
10.63 7.51 6.13 5.31 4.75 4.34 4.02
7
0
12.40 8.77 7.16 6.20 5.54 5.06 4.69
8
0
14.17 10.02 8.18 7.08 6.34 5.78 5.35
9
0
15.94 11.27 9.20 7.97 7.13 6.51 6.02
1
0
17.71 12.52 10.22 8.85 7.92 7.23 6.69
106
1
1
19.48 13.77 11.25 9.74 8.71 7.95 7.36
1
2
21.25 15.03 12.27 10.63 9.50 8.68 8.03
1
3
23.02 16.28 13.29 11.51 10.30 9.40 8.70
1
4
24.79 17.53 14.31 12.40 11.09 10.12 9.37
1
5
26.56 18.78 15.34 13.28 11.88 10.84 10.04
1
6
28.33 20.04 16.36 14.17 12.67 11.57 10.71
1
7
30.10 21.29 17.38 15.05 13.46 12.29 11.38
1
8
31.88 22.54 18.40 15.94 14.26 13.01 12.05
1
9
33.65 23.79 19.43 16.82 15.05 13.74 12.72
2
0
35.42 25.04 20.45 17.71 15.84 14.46 13.39
Dng in tc thi cho php ca dy nhm li
thp v dy thp ph nhm
Thi gian (s)
Tt din (mm
2
)
0.1
0.2 0.3
0.4 0.5
0.6 0.7
0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1
0
2.94 2.08 1.70 1.47 1.32 1.20 1.11
20 5.88 4.16 3.40 2.94 2.63 2.40 2.22
30 8.82 6.24 5.09 4.41 3.95 3.60 3.33
4
0
11.76 8.32 6.79 5.88 5.26 4.80 4.45
5
0
14.70 10.40 8.49 7.35 6.58 6.00 5.56
6
0
17.65 12.48 10.19 8.82 7.89 7.20 6.67
7
0
20.59 14.56 11.89 10.29 9.21 8.40 7.78
80 23.53 16.64 13.58 11.76 10.52 9.60 8.89
90 26.47 18.72 15.28 13.23 11.84 10.81 10.00
10
0
29.41 20.80 16.98 14.70 13.15 12.01 11.12
11
0
32.35 22.87 18.68 16.18 14.47 13.21 12.23
12
0
35.29 24.95 20.38 17.65 15.78 14.41 13.34
13
0
38.23 27.03 22.07 19.12 17.10 15.61 14.45
14
0
41.17 29.11 23.77 20.59 18.41 16.81 15.56
107
15
0
44.11 31.19 25.47 22.06 19.73 18.01 16.67
16
0
47.05 33.27 27.17 23.53 21.04 19.21 17.79
17
0
50.00 35.35 28.86 25.00 22.36 20.41 18.90
18
0
52.94 37.43 30.56 26.47 23.67 21.61 20.01
19
0
55.88 39.51 32.26 27.94 24.99 22.81 21.12
20
0
58.82 41.59 33.96 29.41 26.30 24.01 22.23
Gi tr dng in tc thi
(kA)
Ph lc I.7.1
Cc s ni trung tnh thit b
1. S c dy trung tnh bo v v dy trung tnh lm vic chung:
2. S c dy trung tnh bo v tch mt phn:
108
3. S c dy trung tnh lm vic v dy trung tnh bo v ring:
109
Ph lc I.7.2
Cch tnh in p tip xc v in p bc cho php
(Chi tit tham kho tiu chun IEEE Std 80-2000)
Tr s in p tip xc v in p bc cho php c tnh nh sau:
( )
s
s s touch
t
C E
116 , 0
. 5 , 1 1000 . 1 +
( )
s
s s step
t
C E
116 , 0
. 6 100 . 2 +
Trong
touch
E
: in p tip xc cho php, V

touch
E
: in p bc cho php, V
09 , 0 2
1 09 , 0
1
+
,
_

s
s
s
h
C
l h s suy gim b mt

s
: in tr sut ca lp vt liu b mt, m
: in tr sut ca t, m
h
s
: chiu dy lp vt liu b mt
t
s
: thi gian dng in qua ngi (ly bng tng thi gian tc ng ca bo v
v thi gian ct ton phn ca my ct), giy
Nu khng c lp b mt th =
s
v C
s
= 1.
110

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CNG HO X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

) theo thi tit trong nm, [] Icd: Dng in chm t

i vi dy hp kim nhm = 0,00360

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