COLOR TV

Warsun Najib

TV Berwarna
TV Berwarna harus kompatibel dgn TV monochrome dlm arti siaran TV berwarna harus bisa ditangkap pada penerima hitam putih, dan sebaliknya TV berwarna hrs dapat menangkap siaran TV hitam-putih. NTSC (National Television Systems Committee), dipakai di Amerika, Jepang, sistem TV Warna paling tua PAL (Phase Alteration by Line), mrpk pengembangan dr NTSC, digunakan di Eropa, Indonesia SECAM (Sequential Couleures a Memoire) dipakai di Perancis. Sangat berbeda dgn NTSC atau PAL.

Analog Color television standards

NTSC
Lines/frame Frames/s Active lines Horizontal sampling rate pixels color coding & sampling

PAL
625 25 576-? 864 768 576 YUV 4:2:2

SECAM
625 25 576-? 864 768 576 YDRDB 4:2:2
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525 30 (29.97) 480-496 858 640 480 YIQ 4:2:2

Other parameters of analog TV

Aspect ratio 4:3 Interlace ratio 2:1 Lines are discreet, but each is drawn continuously NTSC frame rate was originally 30
Color caused interference with sound frame rate changed by factor of 1000/1001
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Color TV
Blanking & Sync M R a t G r i B k s
Isy Krominansi Komposit Modulator AM

Y
X1

X2

Pembangkit Kroma

Isy Kroma (C)

Penyandi krominansi
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Spectrum of Color TV
BW Pembawa gambar Pembawa suara Spektrum Isyarat suara

Luminansi (Y)

Kroma (C) fsc

fs MHz

fL

fp 0

Color TV
NTSC BW (MHz) fsc (MHz) fs (MHz) fL (MHz) Modulasi kroma Modulasi gambar 6 3,58 4,5 - 1,25 AM negatif PAL 7 4,43 5,5 - 1,25 AM negatif SECAM 8 4,43 6 - 1,75 FM positif
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Analog color models & bandwidth

NTSC Y = 0.30 R + 0.59 G + 0.11 B I = 0.60 R 0.28 G 0.32 B (1.3 MHz) (orange-blue axis) Q = 0.21 R 0.52 G + 0.31 B (0.45 MHz) (purple-green axis) PAL U = 0.62 R 0.52 G 0.10 B (1.3 MHz) or U = 0.492 (BY) V = 0.15 R 0.29 G + 0.44 B (1.3 MHz) or V = 0.877 (RY) SECAM DR = 1.33 R + 1.11 G + 0.22 B (1.3 MHz) DB = -0.45 R 0.88 G + 1.33 B (1.3 MHz)
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Digital television standards

CCIR 601: conventional TV
720480 (NTSC) or 720576 (PAL/SECAM) pixels are not square 4:2:2 color sampling YCrCb color
Cr = ((BY)/2) + 0.5 Cb = ((R-Y)/1.6) + 0.5

Digital television standards (2)

DV (based on CCIR 601)
4:1:1 chrominance subsampling

high-quality DVPRO & Digital-S

4:2:2 chrominance subsampling

MPEG-2 (DVD, HDTV)

4:2:0 subsampling (1 pixel per 2x2 square)

H.261
4:2:0 and small format (CIF, 352x288)
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Video bandwidth
Quality
HDTV (60 fps, 1920x1080)

Uncompressed Mbps
2000

Compression standard
MPEG-2

Compressed Mbps
2534

Studio-quality
Broadcast

166 (~16 bit/pixel)

MPEG-2
MPEG-2

36
24

VHS quality
Video conferencing

MPEG-1
H.261

1.2
0.1
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How big is video?

NTSC video frame: 640 by 480 = 307200 pixels 3 bytes (24-bit color) per pixel 30 frames (images) per second Total storage:
one second = 27 MB
impossible to transmit over 100-baseT ethernet

one minute = 1.6 GB one hour = 100 GB

Answer: really big

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