Chuong 7

Chng 7
Giao Tc
Ni dung
1 2
Gii thiu Giao tc iu khin ng thi
www.themegallery.com
Ni dung
1 2
nh ngha
Giao tc
n Hng
Chi tit_2 H Chi tit_1 H
Giao tc l chui cc hnh ng tng tc trn CSDL
Cp nht SL
Giao tc phi m bo tnh cht ACID
Tnh ACID
Mi thao tc phi c thc hin, hoc u b hy Tt c d liu phi trng thi nht qun sau khi giao tc kt thc
Atomicity (nguyn t)
Consistency (nht qun)
Durability (bn vng)

Khi giao tc thc hin thnh cng th mi thay i ca n phi c lu bn vng trong CSDL
Isolation (c lp)
Mt giao tc thc hin ng thi vi giao tc khc th khng b nh hng bi giao tc khc
Khai bo giao tc
Giao tc
n Hng
Begin Tran Bt u giao tc

INSERT n hng
INSERT Chi tit n hng 1 INSERT Chi tit n hng 2
Chi tit_1 H Chi tit_2 H

Cp nht SL
Update Cp nht s sn phm
End Tran Kt thc giao tc
Tnh hung giao tc

Database trc giao tc ROLLBACK SELECT GIAO TC INSERT UPDATE
Database trc giao tc

SELECT ROLLBACK
Database trc giao tc SELECT INSERT Li phn cng
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
Database sau giao tc
Li phn mm
C php
Create proc TenProc As Begin Bt u giao tc Begin tran Kt thc giao tc hy /*giao tc b li*/ giao tc, a CSDL v trng thi ban u rollback tran /*giao tc thnh cng*/ Kt thc giao tc thnh commit tran cng giao tc c lu bn vng xung CSDL End
V d
Create proc DatHang As Begin Begin tran Insert into DonHang Insert into CT_DonHang Update SanPham commit tran End
Giao tc lng nhau

create proc sp_test as begin tran --T1
--do something
begin tran --T2

exec sp_test
--do something
commit tran
commit tran
Lnh commit transaction ca transaction con ch gim @@trancount i 1, khng c tc dng yu cu h qun tr ghi nhn chc chn nhng thay i trn CSDL m transaction ny lm. Lnh commit ca transaction ngoi cng mi c tc dng ny. Khi khai bo transaction tng minh, phi m bo rng sau n c rollback hoc commit tng minh, nu khng, transaction s tip tc tn ti v chim gi ti nguyn, ngn tr s thc hin ca cc transaction khc.
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Trng thi CSDL trc giao tc
Giao tc: Bt u bi Begin Tran Kt thc bi Commit tran
Trng thi CSDL ti im nh du a

Trng thi CSDL ti im nh du b
Khi rollback ch quay li ti v tr nh du. Cc cu lnh sau vn thc hin

Trng thi CSDL sau giao tc
V d 1
BEGIN TRANSACTION giaotac3 UPDATE diemthi SET diemlan2=0 WHERE diemlan2 IS NULL SAVE TRANSACTION a UPDATE monhoc SET sodvht=4 WHERE sodvht=3
Khng c thc hin
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION a UPDATE monhoc SET sodvht=2 WHERE sodvht=3 COMMIT TRANSACTION giaotac3
V d 2
BEGIN TRANSACTION giaotac4 UPDATE diemthi SET diemlan2=0 WHERE diemlan2 IS NULL
SAVE TRANSACTION a UPDATE monhoc SET sodvht=4 WHERE sodvht=3
Ton b giao tc b hy
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION giaotac4 UPDATE monhoc SET sodvht=2 WHERE sodvht=3

COMMIT TRANSACTION giaotac4
Ni dung
1 2
Bi cnh
M hnh ng dng a ngi dng Mt CSDL lu ti Server v nhiu clients ng thi truy cp v thao tc trn cng CSDL Giao tc Ti ca client X ang thao tc trn CSDL, trong khi mt giao tc Tj ca client Y cng ang thc hin truy xut v thay i CSDL. Cc Ti v Tj c th xung t, tranh chp ln nhau.
Giao tc lng nhau

STT T1 1 Begin tran 2 3 read (A) 4 5 . n read (A) n+1 Commit tran
T2
Begin tran
write (A) Commit tran
Giao tc lng nhau

Tham s @@trancount cho bit s transaction ang thc thi. Khi khai bo transaction tng minh, phi rollback hoc commit tng minh : Gii phng ti nguyn transaction ang chim gi. Trnh cn tr vic thc hin ca cc transaction khc.
Vn truy xut ng thi

Dirty read c d liu rc Khng th c li d liu
Unrepeatable read
Phantom Lost update
Bng ma
Mt d liu cp nht
Dirty read
STT T1 1 Begin tran 2 3 write (A) wait for delay '00:00:05' 4 5 6 If (Li) 7 Rollback tran 8 Commit tran
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T2
Begin tran
read (A)
T2 c d liu (rc) b T1 hy.

Commit tran
Unrepeatable read
STT T1 1 Begin tran 2 3 Read(A) 4 5 Read(A) 6 7 Commit tran T2
Begin tran Write(A)
Commit tran
T1 c d liu gi tr A khc nhau 2 ln c.

Phantom
STT T1 1 Begin tran 2 3 Read(A) 4 5 Read(A) 6 7 Commit tran T2
Begin tran Insert(A)
Commit tran
T1 c tp d liu 2 ln khc nhau

Lost update
STT T1 1 Begin tran 2 3 Read(A) 4 5 6 Write(A) 7 Commit tran 8 T2
Begin tran Read(A) Write(A)
Commit tran
D liu c ghi bi T2 b ghi bi T1

Li giao tc
Khng c quyn truy cp trn i tng (table, stored procedure,) Vi phm rng buc ton vn (primary key, foreign key, check, rule, cc rng buc c kim tra bng trigger,). Deadlock.
Li giao tc
SQL Server tr gi tr li v trong bin ton cc @@error. @@error= 0: khng xy ra li @@error <> 0: xy ra li vi m li l @@error Giao tc khng th t ng rollback khi gp nhng li pht sinh trong qu trnh thc hin 1 cu lnh thnh phn trong giao tc. V vy cn kim tra gi tr ca bin @@error sau mi cu lnh thnh phn trong giao tc v cn x l nhng li (nu c): yu cu giao tc rollback mt cch tng minh bng lnh rollback transaction.
Li giao tc
Create proc sp_ThemDG @ Ten as --buoc 1 : xc nh m c gi declare @madg set @madg = 1 begin transaction while exists (select * from DocGia where ma_docgia = @madg) set @madg = @madg +1 if ( @@error <>0 ) begin www.themegallery.com rollback tran return end -- buoc 2 : insert vao bang docgia insert into DocGia values() if ( @@error <>0 ) begin rollback tran return end commit transaction
X l tranh chp
C ch x l tranh chp ng thi ca SQL Server K thut kha : cc giao tc mun c/ghi trn cc n v d liu phi pht ra yu cu xin kha trn n v d liu . Mc c lp : l cc thit lp trong giao tc quy nh vic xin kha/gi kha ca nhng thao tc c/ghi ln n v d liu. Kha trc tip trong tng cu lnh
K thut kha
Khng t kha (Nolock) Kha chia s (shared lock) : Cn gi l kha c (read lock) . Gi tt : Kha S Khi c mt n v d liu SQL t thit lp shared lock trn n v d liu . Shared lock c th c thit lp trn 1 trang, 1 bng, hay mt dng d liu.
K thut kha
Kha cp nht (update lock) Cn gi l Intend to write lock. Gi tt: Kha U. Dng khi c d nh ghi d li d liu c. Kha c quyn (exclusive lock) : Cn gi l kha ghi (write lock). Gi tt : Kha X. Khi thc hin thao tc ghi (Insert, Update, Delete) HQT t ng thit lp kha X trn n v d liu . Kha X c gi n ht giao tc.
Bng tng thch kha

Shared lock
Shared lock Update lock Exclusive lock Update lock Exclusive lock
Cho php (tng thch) Khng cho php (khng tng thch)
K thut kha
Gio tc T1 Ghi trn n v d liu A Xin kha X trn A. Mun ghi trn n v d liu B Mun xin kha X trn B??? Gio tc T2 Ghi trn n v d liu B Xin kha X trn B. Mun ghi trn n v d liu A Mun xin kha X trn A???
Phi ch nhau
Mc c lp
Read Uncommitted c : Khng pht S khi c do khng phi ch khi c d liu. Gii quyt : Khng gii quyt c bt c vn x l ng thi no. Read Committed y l mc mc nh ca SQL. c : Pht S khi c, gii phng S ngay sau khi c. Gii quyt : Ch gii quyt c Dirty Read.
Mc c lp
Repeatable Read c : Pht S khi c v gi S n khi transaction kt thc. Gii quyt : Gii quyt c Dirty Read v Unrepeatable Read. Khng ngn chn lnh insert d liu tha iu kin thit lp S do hok gii quyt c phantom. Serializable Ging Repeatable Read, c ngn chn lnh insert d liu tho iu kin thit lp S. Gii quyt c Dirty Read,Unrepeatable Read v Phantom
Mc c lp
Read Uncommitted Read Committed : dirty read Repeatable Read : dirty read v unrepeatable read Serializable : dirty Read, Unrepeatable Read v Phantom.
Cha gii quyt c Lost update Mc c lp c tc dng trn ton b giao tc n khi gp 1 mc c lp khc.
Kha trn tng cu lnh

Cp kha l cc loi kha khc nhau c gn vo tng table trong cu lnh from ca tng thao tc select. Ngoi cu lnh select, cp kha cn c th gn vo cc cu lnh cp nht, tuy nhin y ta ch quan tm cu select.
Cc cp kha
STT Kha ngha 1 ReadUncommitted Khng thit lp shared lock khi c / Nolock (tng t nh mc c lp Read Uncommitted) 2 ReadCommitted -y l ch mc nh (tng t readcommitted) -Ch c nhng d liu commit -Thit lp shared lock trn n v d liu c v m clock ngay khi c xong. 3 RepeatableRead Thit lp shared lock khi c v gi shared lock n ht giao tc
Cc cp kha
STT Kha 4 Serializable / Holdlock ngha -Thit lp shared lock khi c, gi lock n ht giao tc. -Khng cho insert dng tha iu kin thit lp kha -Dng updatelock thay cho shared lock. -Ch s dng trong cu select. -Uplock c gi n ht giao tc. Ch nh dng kha c quyn -Ch kha dng d liu. -p dng cho cu lnh select.
Updlock
XLock
Readpast
Cc cp kha
STT Kha 8 RowLock 9 TabLock ngha Ch t kha trn dng cn thao tc -Kha ton b dng trn bng ang thao tc. -Cc thao tc (Insert / Update / Delete) khng th thc hin trn bng ny. Xlock + TabLock
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TabLockX
Thit lp cp kha
Select From {Tab1 Alias1 with (Lock_mode [,n]} [,n]) Where V d : Select SV.HoVaTen, K.TenKhoa From SinhVien SV with (ReadCommitted), Khoa K with (Updlock) Where SV.Khoa = K.Ma
7. Deadlock
Trong truy xut ng thi, deadlock l mt trng thi trong cc giao tc ch nhau v mt ti nguyn lm cho h thng ng yn
Deadlock
Circle deadlock
Conversion deadlock
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Cycle deadlock
Transaction 1 Transaction 2
Gi X-lock trn bng 1
Bng 1
Bng 2
Gi X-lock trn bng 2
Bng 2
Gi X-lock trn bng 2
Deadlock
Bng 1
Gi X-lock trn bng1
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Cycle deadlock
Transaction 1 Insert/ Update/Delete (A) Insert/ Update/Delete (B)
Insert/ Update/Delete (A) Commit Commit
Transaction 2
Insert/ Update/Delete (B)
Conversion deadlock
Transaction 1 Transaction 2
Gi S-lock
Gi S-lock
Yu cu X-lock Deadlock
Yu cu X-lock
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Conversion deadlock
Transaction 1 Select (A) Insert/ Update/Delete (A)
Insert/ Update/Delete (A) Commit Commit
Transaction 1
Select (A)
Deadlock
Khi dead lock xy ra
SQL Server s chn 1 trong 2 transaction gy dead lock hy b, khi transaction cn li s c tip tc thc hin cho n khi hon tt Transaction b chn hy b l transaction m SQL c tnh chi ph cho phn vic lm c t hn transaction cn li.
45
Lu
Giao tc khng t rollback khi gp li trong qu trnh thc hin Cn kim tra gi tr bin @@error sau mi cu lnh thnh phn v x l nu c
Rollback khng c tc dng return

Nu c khai bo giao tc m khng c kt thc giao tc giao tc vn cn thc hin khi store procedure kt thc.
Phi lun m bo lc runtime mt trong 2 cp [begin tran - commit] hoc [begin tran - rollback] c thc thi
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Thank You!

Chuong 7

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Chuong 7

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Chng 7

Gii thiu Giao tc iu khin ng thi

Gii thiu Giao tc iu khin ng thi

Giao tc l chui cc hnh ng tng tc trn CSDL

Giao tc phi m bo tnh cht ACID

Consistency (nht qun)

Durability (bn vng)

Begin Tran Bt u giao tc

Chi tit_1 H Chi tit_2 H

Update Cp nht s sn phm

End Tran Kt thc giao tc

Tnh hung giao tc

Database trc giao tc

Database trc giao tc SELECT INSERT Li phn cng

Giao tc lng nhau

begin tran --T2

Trng thi CSDL trc giao tc

Giao tc: Bt u bi Begin Tran Kt thc bi Commit tran

Trng thi CSDL ti im nh du a

Khi rollback ch quay li ti v tr nh du. Cc cu lnh sau vn thc hin

Khng c thc hin

ROLLBACK TRANSACTION giaotac4 UPDATE monhoc SET sodvht=2 WHERE sodvht=3

Gii thiu Giao tc iu khin ng thi

Giao tc lng nhau

write (A) Commit tran

Giao tc lng nhau

Vn truy xut ng thi

T2 c d liu (rc) b T1 hy.

T1 c d liu gi tr A khc nhau 2 ln c.

T1 c tp d liu 2 ln khc nhau

D liu c ghi bi T2 b ghi bi T1

Bng tng thch kha

Kha trn tng cu lnh

Gi X-lock trn bng 1

Gi X-lock trn bng 2

Gi X-lock trn bng1

Rollback khng c tc dng return

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