03b - Transport Layer - New

Tng Vn chuyn
CHC NNG - 1
03/2011
Cung cp knh truyn d liu mc logic gia 2 tin trnh trn 2 my

application transport network data link physical network data link physical
TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM
Application Presentation Session
network data link physical
network data link physical network data link physical network data link physical
Transport
Network Data link
Physical
application application transport transport network network data link data link physical physical
NI DUNG
Gii thiu Nguyn tc truyn d liu ng tin cy Giao thc TCP Giao thc UDP
03/2011 TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM
NHC LI
source
message
M M M M
03/2011
segment
packet frame
Ht Hn Ht
Hl Hn Ht
application transport network link physical link physical switch
destination
M Ht Hn Ht M M
Hn Ht Hl Hn Ht
M M
application transport network link physical
network link physical
Hn Ht
4 router
TNG VN CHUYN
-1
P2
M M
P3
Process nhn?
Ht D Ht D M
P1
Gi n Process?
Ht D M D Ht D H n segment M
application transport network
P4
H n segment
TNG VN CHUYN
-2
03/2011
Thc thi end-system Bn gi: thc hin Dn knh

Nhn d liu t tng ng dng (t cc socket) Phn on thng ip tng ng dng thnh cc segment Dn nhn d liu: ng gi theo giao thc ti tng Transport Chuyn cc segment xung tng mng (network layer)

Bn nhn: thc hin Phn knh

Nhn cc segment t tng mng Phn r cc segment thnh thng ip tng ng dng Chuyn thng ip ln tng ng dng (n socket tng ng)
TNG VN CHUYN
-3
03/2011
H tr
Truyn d liu ng tin cy

iu khin lung iu khin tt nghn Thit lp v duy tr kt ni
Truyn d liu khng ng tin cy
N lc gi d liu hiu qu nht
Khng h tr
m bo thi gian tr m bo bng thng
DN KNH PHN KNH - 1

Dn
03/2011
knh (Multiplexing):
Thc hin ti bn gi Thu thp d liu t cc socket dn nhn d liu vi 1 header

Phn
knh (Demultiplexing):
Thc hin ti bn nhn phn phi cc segment nhn c cho socket tng ng
Khi
ng gi d liu tng transport, header s thm vo:

Source port Destination port
DN KNH PHN KNH - 2

32 bits
source port #
dest port #
other header fields
application data (message)
Cu trc ca mt segment
DN KNH PHN KNH - 3
P2
6428
P1 P1
5775
SP: 6428 DP: 5775
server IP: B
SP: 5775 DP: 6428
Client
IP:A
10
NI DUNG
Gii thiu Giao thc UDP Nguyn tc truyn d liu ng tin cy Giao thc TCP
11
UDP - 1
03/2011
UDP: User Datagram Protocol [rfc768]

Dch v n lc truyn nhanh Gi tin UDP c th:
Mt Khng ng th t
Khng kt ni:
Khng c handshaking gia bn gi v nhn Mi gi tin UDP c x l c lp Khng c trng thi kt ni
12
UDP - 2
32 bits Chiu di gi tin (tnh c header) source port # length dest port # checksum
Application data (message)
UDP segment format

13
UDP - 3
Application Transport .. U Cc segment n khng ng th t??? U1 M U2 U3
Application Transport ..
14
Mt segment?
UDP - 4
03/2011
Ti sao li s dng UDP?

Khng thit lp kt ni n gin:
khng qun l trng thi ni kt Khng kim sot lung
Header nh Nhanh

Truyn thng tin cy qua UDP
Tng application pht hin v phc hi li
15
UDP - 5
03/2011
Thng s dng cho cc ng dng multimedia

Chu li Yu cu tc
Mt s ng dng s dng UDP

DNS SNMP TFTP
16
NI DUNG
17
03/2011
BI TON
Lm sao truyn ng tin cy???
18
NGUYN L TRUYN D LIU NG TIN CY

application Bn gi Bn nhn
transport
ng truyn tin cy
Nghi thc truyn tin cy
Nghi thc truyn tin cy
ng truyn khng tin cy a. Cung cp dv b. Trin khai dv
c tnh ca ng truyn khng tin cy quyt nh phc tp ca nghi thc truyn tin cy
19
NI DUNG
03/2011
Nghi thc truyn d liu ng tin cy

RDT 1.0 RDT 2.0, RDT 2.1, RDT 2.2 RDT 3.0
Pipeline
Go-back-N Gi li c chn
20
GII QUYT LI BIT
03/2011
Bn gi
Gi km theo thng tin kim tra li S dng cc phng php kim tra li
Checksum, parity checkbit, CRC,..
Bn nhn
Kim tra c xy ra li bit? Hnh ng khi xy ra li bit?
Bo v bn gi
21
GII QUYT MT GI
03/2011
Bn nhn
Gi tn hiu bo
Gi gi tin bo hiu ACK, NAK
Bn gi
nh ngha trng hp mt gi Ch nhn tn hiu bo Hnh ng khi pht hin mt gi
22
GIAO THC RDT

03/2011
RDT = Reliable Data Transfer Nguyn tc: dng v ch
Bn gi

Gi gi tin km theo thng tin kim tra li Dng v ch n khi no gi tin va gi n c bn nhn an ton: nhn c gi tin ACK Gi li khi c li xy ra: li bit, mt gi Kim tra li, trng lp d liu Gi gi tin phn hi
Bn nhn:

Phin bn:

RDT 1.0 RDT 2.0 RDT 2.1 RDT 2.2 RDT 3.0
23
NGUYN L PIPE LINE
03/2011
Cho php gi nhiu gi tin khi cha nhn ACK
S dng buffer lu cc gi tin

Bn gi: lu gi tin gi nhng cha ack Bn nhn: lu gi tin nhn ng nhng cha ng th t
Gii quyt mt gi
Go back N Selective Repeat (gi li c chn)
24
RDT1.0 : NG TRUYN L TNG
03/2011
Gi thit: knh truyn bn di tuyt i

Khng li bit Khng mt gi tin Bn gi chuyn d liu xung knh bn di Bn nhn c d liu t knh truyn bn di
FSM (finite state machine) cho bn gi v nhn

Wait for call from above
rdt_send(data) packet = make_pkt(data) udt_send(packet)
Wait for call from below
rdt_rcv(packet) extract (packet,data) deliver_data(data)
sender
receiver
25
RDT2.0 KNH TRUYN C LI BIT - 1

Gi
03/2011
thit: knh truyn c th xy ra li bit

checksum
S dng cc c ch kim tra li
Lm

sao khc phc khi nhn ra li?
Acknowledgement(ACKs): bn nhn bo cho bn gi nhn c d liu Nagetive acknowledgement(NAKs): bn nhn bo gi tin b li Bn gi s gi li gi tin khi nhn NAK
So
vi rdt1.0, rdt2.0:
Nhn dng li C ch phn hi: ACK, NAK

26
RDT2.0 FSM - 2
rdt_send(data) snkpkt = make_pkt(data, checksum) udt_send(sndpkt) rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && isNAK(rcvpkt) Wait for Wait for call from above ACK or NAK udt_send(sndpkt)
03/2011
receiver
rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && corrupt(rcvpkt) udt_send(NAK)
Wait for call from below rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && notcorrupt(rcvpkt) extract(rcvpkt,data) deliver_data(data) udt_send(ACK)
27
rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && isACK(rcvpkt) L
sender
ACK/NAK sai???
RDT2.0 - 3
03/2011
Gii quyt:
Bn gi gi li gi tin khi nhn ACK/NAK sai Bn gi nh s th t cho mi gi tin Bn nhn s loi b gi tin trng.
Dng v i
Bn gi gi mt gi tin v ch phn hi t bn nhn
28
RDT2.1 BN GI X L LI ACK/NAK
rdt_send(data) sndpkt = make_pkt(0, data, checksum) udt_send(sndpkt) rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) &&
Wait for call 0 from above Wait for ACK or NAK 0
( corrupt(rcvpkt) || isNAK(rcvpkt) ) udt_send(sndpkt) rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && notcorrupt(rcvpkt) && isACK(rcvpkt) L
rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && notcorrupt(rcvpkt) && isACK(rcvpkt) L rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && ( corrupt(rcvpkt) || isNAK(rcvpkt) ) udt_send(sndpkt)
Wait for ACK or NAK 1
Wait for call 1 from above
rdt_send(data) sndpkt = make_pkt(1, data, checksum) udt_send(sndpkt)

29
RDT2.1 BN NHN X L LI ACK/NAK

rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && notcorrupt(rcvpkt) && has_seq0(rcvpkt)
extract(rcvpkt,data) deliver_data(data) sndpkt = make_pkt(ACK, chksum) udt_send(sndpkt) rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && (corrupt(rcvpkt) sndpkt = make_pkt(NAK, chksum) udt_send(sndpkt) Wait for 0 from below Wait for 1 from below
rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && (corrupt(rcvpkt) sndpkt = make_pkt(NAK, chksum) udt_send(sndpkt) rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && not corrupt(rcvpkt) && has_seq1(rcvpkt) sndpkt = make_pkt(ACK, chksum) udt_send(sndpkt)
rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && not corrupt(rcvpkt) && has_seq0(rcvpkt)

sndpkt = make_pkt(ACK, chksum) udt_send(sndpkt)
rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && notcorrupt(rcvpkt) && has_seq1(rcvpkt) extract(rcvpkt,data) deliver_data(data) sndpkt = make_pkt(ACK, chksum) udt_send(sndpkt)
30
RDT2.1 THO LUN

Bn gi Thm s th t vo gi tin
03/2011
0 v 1???
Phi kim tra: ACK/NAK sai khng Phi nh gi tin hin thi c th t 0 hay 1
Bn nhn Phi kim tra nu nhn trng

So snh trng thi ang ch (0 hay 1) vi trng thi gi tin nhn c
Bn nhn khng bit ACK/NAK cui cng c chuyn ti bn gi an ton khng?

31
C CH TRUYN NG TIN CY - RDT
03/2011
C ch:
Checksum: kim tra c li xy ra khng? ACK: bn nhn nhn ng gi tin NAK: bn nhn nhn sai gi tin Sequence Number (1 bit = 0 hoc 1)
32
RDT2.2 KHNG S DNG NAK

Hot ng ging rdt2.1, nhng khng dng NAK Bn nhn gi ACK cho gi tin khng li nhn c cui cng.
Bn nhn phi thm s th t vo gi tin ACK
Bn gi nhn trng gi tin ACK xem nh gi tin NAK gi li gi va gi v gi ny cha nhn c ACK
33
RDT2.2: BN GI V BN NHN
rdt_send(data) sndpkt = make_pkt(0, data, checksum) udt_send(sndpkt)
Wait for call 0 from above Wait for ACK 0
rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && ( corrupt(rcvpkt) || isACK(rcvpkt,1) )

udt_send(sndpkt)
sender FSM fragment

rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && (corrupt(rcvpkt) || has_seq0(rcvpkt) ) sndpkt = make_pkt(ACK0, chksum) udt_send(sndpkt)
rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && notcorrupt(rcvpkt) && isACK(rcvpkt,0)
Wait for 1 from below
receiver FSM fragment
rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && notcorrupt(rcvpkt) && has_seq1(rcvpkt) extract(rcvpkt,data) deliver_data(data) sndpkt = make_pkt(ACK1, chksum) udt_send(sndpkt)
34
RDT3.0 KNH TRUYN C LI V MT - 1
03/2011
Gi thit:
Li bit mt gi Checksum, s th t, ACKs, truyn li vn cha
X l?
Gii php: bn gi i mt khong thi gian hp l cho ACK Gi li nu khng nhn c ACK trong khong thi gian ny Nu gi tin (hay ACK) b tr (khng mt)
Gi li c th trng, phi nh s th t Bn nhn phi xc nh th t ca gi tin ACK
Yu cu m thi gian
35
RDT3.0 BN GI - 2
rdt_send(data) sndpkt = make_pkt(0, data, checksum) udt_send(sndpkt) start_timer Wait for call 0from above rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && notcorrupt(rcvpkt) && isACK(rcvpkt,1) stop_timer Wait for ACK1 rdt_send(data) sndpkt = make_pkt(1, data, checksum) udt_send(sndpkt) start_timer 36 Wait for call 1 from above Wait for ACK0 rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && ( corrupt(rcvpkt) || isACK(rcvpkt,1) )
L
timeout udt_send(sndpkt) start_timer rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && notcorrupt(rcvpkt) && isACK(rcvpkt,0) stop_timer
timeout udt_send(sndpkt) start_timer rdt_rcv(rcvpkt) && ( corrupt(rcvpkt) || isACK(rcvpkt,0) ) L
rdt_rcv(rcvpkt)
03/2011
RDT3.0 - 3
37
03/2011
RDT3.0 - 4
38
03/2011
RDT3.0 DNG V I - 5
39
RDT3.0 HIU QU - 6
Rdt3.0 lm vic, nhng khng hiu qu Vd:bng thng 1Gbps, 15ms end2end delay, gi tin 8Kb
Usender : t l thi gian bn gi gi gi tin Nghi thc hn ch vic s dng ti nguyn mng
40
NGHI THC PIPELINE - 1
03/2011
Pipelining: bn gi cho php gi nhiu gi tin khi cha c bo nhn (ACK)
Gi tin: sp theo th t tng dn Dng b m bn gi hoc/v bn nhn: Sliding window
C hai gii php chnh ca nghi thc pipeline:

go-Back-N gi li c chn.
41
03/2011
NGHI THC PIPELINE - 2
Tng hiu qu s dng ln 3 ln
42
GO-BACK-N 1
S
03/2011
th t: k-bit window = N s gi tin c gi lin tc khng ACK
ACK(seq#): nhn ng n seq#
43
GO-BACK-N: BN NHN - 2
03/2011
Bn gi:
S dng buffer (window) lu cc gi tin gi nhng cha nhn c ACK Gi nu gi tin c th a vo window Thit lp ng h cho gi tin c nht (gi tin u window) Timeout: gi li tt c cc gi tin cha ACK trong window Ch gi ACK cho gi tin nhn ng vi s th t cao nht
Bn nhn:

C th pht sinh trng ACK
Ch cn nh s th t ang i Gi tin khng theo th t:
Loi b: khng c b m Gi li ACK vi s th t ln nht
44
03/2011
GO-BACK-N V D - 3
45
GI LI C CHN - 1
03/2011
Bn nhn:
Bo nhn ring l tng gi tin nhn ng
ACK(seq#): nhn ng gi tin seq#
dng b m lu cc gi tin khng ng th t Nhn 1 gi tin khng ng th t

a vo b m nu cn ch Hy gi tin
Bn gi:

C ng h cho mi gi tin cha nhn c ACK Time out: ch gi nhng gi tin khng nhn c ACK
46
GI LI C CHN - 2
Bt u bn gi Th t k tip ACK Gi, cha ACK Cha dng khng dng c
Th t bn gi
Sai th t nhng ACK ang i, cha nhn c
C th nhn c khng dng c
Bt u bn nhn Th t bn nhn 47
03/2011
GI LI C CHN - 4
48
GI LI C CHN - 5
03/2011
Vd:

S th t:0,1,2,3 Window size: 3
Mi quan h gia s th t v window size???
49
NI DUNG
50
TCP
Gii thiu Nguyn tc hot ng Qun l kt ni iu khin lung iu khin tt nghn
51
TCP GII THIU - 1

TCP

03/2011
= Transport Control Protocol
rfc: 793,1122,1323,2018,2581 Point to point
1 ngi gi v 1 ngi nhn
Full-duplex

D liu truyn 2 chiu trn cng kt ni MSS: maximum segment size
Hng kt ni
Handshaking trc khi gi d liu

52
TCP - GII THIU - 2

TCP
03/2011
= Transport Control Protocol
TCP cung cp kt ni theo kiu dng (stream-of-bytes)

Khng c ranh gii gia cc gi tin S dng buffer gi v nhn

socket door application writes data TCP send buffer
segment
application reads data TCP receive buffer
socket door
Tin cy, theo th t
Pipeline
Kim sot lung Kim sot tt nghn
53
TCP CU TRC GI TIN

32 bits URG: urgent data (generally not used) ACK: ACK # valid PSH: push data now (generally not used) RST, SYN, FIN: connection estab (setup, teardown commands)
03/2011
source port #
dest port #
sequence number
acknowledgement number
head not U AP R S F len used
rcvr window size
checksum
ptr urgent data
Options (variable length)
# bytes rcvr willing to accept
application data (variable length)
54
TCP NH NGHA CC TRNG - 1

Source
03/2011
& destination port
Port ca ni gi v ni nhn
Sequence
number
S th t ca byte u tin trong phn data ca gi tin
Acknowledgment
number
S th t ca byte ang mong ch nhn tip theo
Window
size
Thng bo c th nhn bao nhiu byte sau byte cui cng c xc nhn nhn
55
TCP NH NGHA CC TRNG - 2

03/2011
Checksum
Checksum TCP header
Urgent pointer
Ch n d liu khn trong trng d liu

URG = trng urgent pointer valid ACK = trng Acknowledge number valid PSH = d liu cn phn phi ngay RST = ch nh ni kt cn thit lp li (reset) SYN = s dng thit lp kt ni FIN = s dng ng kt ni
C:

56
TCP V D
Host A Seq: s th t ca byte
User types C
03/2011
Host B
u tin trong vng

data
host ACKs receipt of C, echoes back C
ACK: s th t ca byte ch nhn tip theo
host ACKs receipt of echoed C
simple telnet scenario

57
TCP TRUYN D LIU NG TIN CY
03/2011
Nguyn tc: dng pipeline

Bn gi nh km thng tin kim tra li trong mi gi tin S dng ACK bo nhn Thit lp thi gian timeout khi cho gi tin u buffer Gi li ton b d liu trong buffer khi ht time out
58
TCP BN GI
03/2011
Nhn d liu t tng ng dng

To cc segment Bt ng h (nu cha bt) Thit lp thi gian ch, timeout
Nhn gi tin ACK

Nu trc cha nhn: trt ca s Thit lp li thi gian ca ng h
Ht time out
Gi li d liu cn trong buffer Reset ng h
59
TCP BN NHN
03/2011
Nhn gi tin ng th t
Chp nhn Gi ACK v cho bn gi
Nhn gi tin khng ng th t

Pht hin khong trng d liu (GAP) Gi ACK trng
60
TCP V D
Host A Host B Host A Host B
loss
time
SendBase = 120 time lost ACK scenario
Seq=92 timeout
Sendbase = 100 SendBase = 120
Seq=92 timeout
timeout
premature timeout
61
TCP THIT LP KT NI
Thc
03/2011
hin thao tc bt tay 3 ln (Three way handshake)

My A My B
SYN_RCVD state
ESTABLISHED state
62
TCP NG KT NI
03/2011
Thc hin thao tc bt tay 2 ln

client server
close
close
closed
63
timed wait
TCP QUN L KT NI
TCP server lifecycle
TCP client lifecycle
64
TCP - IU KHIN LUNG - 1
03/2011
Nguyn nhn:
Bn gi lm trn b m ca bn nhn khi gi qu nhiu d liu hoc gi qu nhanh Window size: lng DL c th a vo buffer
S dng trng window size
65
TCP - IU KHIN LUNG - 2

ng dng gi 2K Gi Nhn B m bn nhn 0 4K
Empty
2K ng dng gi 2K Full Bn gi b kha
Bn gi c th gi n 2K
2K
1K
2K
66
KIM SOT TT NGHN - 1
03/2011
Vn : 1 node c th nhn d liu t nhiu ngun

Buffer: gii hn gi tin: n t
x l khng kp tt nghn Hin tng:

Mt gi Delay cao
S dng ng truyn khng hiu qu

Host A
lin : original data
lout
Host B
unlimited shared output link buffers
67
KIM SOT TT NGHN - 2
03/2011
Gii quyt trong TCP:

RTT
Host A
Host B
Bn gi:
Thit lp tc gi da trn phn hi t bn nhn

Nhn ACK Mt gi tr gi tin time
Tc gi: c 2 pha

Slow-Start Congestion Avoidance

68
TI LIU THAM KHO
03/2011
Bi ging ca J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross v Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach
69

03b - Transport Layer - New

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03b - Transport Layer - New

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Tng Vn chuyn

Cung cp knh truyn d liu mc logic gia 2 tin trnh trn 2 my

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

Application Presentation Session

network data link physical

03/2011 TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

application transport network link physical link physical switch

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

application transport network link physical

network link physical

03/2011 TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

application transport network

application transport network

application transport network

Thc thi end-system Bn gi: thc hin Dn knh

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

Bn nhn: thc hin Phn knh

Truyn d liu ng tin cy

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

Truyn d liu khng ng tin cy

N lc gi d liu hiu qu nht

DN KNH PHN KNH - 1

Thc hin ti bn gi Thu thp d liu t cc socket dn nhn d liu vi 1 header

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

ng gi d liu tng transport, header s thm vo:

DN KNH PHN KNH - 2

03/2011 TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

other header fields

application data (message)

DN KNH PHN KNH - 3

03/2011 TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

SP: 6428 DP: 5775

SP: 5775 DP: 6428

03/2011 TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

UDP: User Datagram Protocol [rfc768]

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

03/2011 TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

Application data (message)

UDP segment format

03/2011 TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

Ti sao li s dng UDP?

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

khng qun l trng thi ni kt Khng kim sot lung

Truyn thng tin cy qua UDP

Tng application pht hin v phc hi li

Thng s dng cho cc ng dng multimedia

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

Mt s ng dng s dng UDP

03/2011 TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

Lm sao truyn ng tin cy???

NGUYN L TRUYN D LIU NG TIN CY

03/2011 TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

Nghi thc truyn tin cy

Nghi thc truyn tin cy

ng truyn khng tin cy a. Cung cp dv b. Trin khai dv

Nghi thc truyn d liu ng tin cy

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

GII QUYT LI BIT

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

Checksum, parity checkbit, CRC,..

TTMTRANG - BM MMT&VT - KHOA CNTT - H KHTN TP.HCM

Gi gi tin bo hiu ACK, NAK

GIAO THC RDT