SNG C HC NNG CAO

Cu 1: mt thong ca mt cht lng c hai ngun kt hp A, B cch nhau 10 cm, dao ng theo phng
thng ng vi phng trnh ln lt l u
A
= 3cos(40t + /6) (cm); u
B
= 4cos(40t + 2/3) (cm). Cho bit
tc truyn sng l 40 cm/s. Mt ng trn c tm l trung im ca AB, nm trn mt nc, c bn knh
R = 4cm. S im dao ng vi bin 5 cm c trn ng trn l
A. 30 B. 32 C. 34 D. 36
Hng dn
Phng trnh sng ti M do sng ti A truyn n l:
u
AM
= 3cos(40t +
6

-
1
2 d

)
Phng trnh sng ti M do sng ti B truyn n l:
u
BM
= 4cos(40t +
2
3

-
2
2 d

)
Phng trnh sng tng qut tng hp ti M l:
u
M
= u
AM
+ u
BM
= 3cos(40t +
6

-
1
2 d

) + 4cos(40t +
2
3

-
2
2 d

)
Bin sng tng hp ti M l: (p dng cng thc dao ng iu ha)
A =
2 2
2 1
2 2 2
3 4 2.3.4. os( ( ))
3 6
d d
c


+ +
=
2 2
2 1
2
3 4 2.3.4. os( ( ))
2
c d d

+ +
Bin sng tng hp ti M bng 5 khi:
2 1
2
os( ( ))
2
c d d

= 0
Khi :
2 1
2
( )
2
d d

2 1
2 (
2
d d

) =
2
k

Do : d
2
d
1
= k
2

;
M - 8 d
2
d
1
8 - 8 k
2

8 - 8 k 8
Tng t ti hai im M v N hai u bn knh l im dao ng vi bin bng 5cm
Nn s im dao ng vi bin 5cm l: n = 17x2 2 = 32
A S
1
O

S
2
B
A R = 4cm O B
Cu 2 : mt nc c hai ngun sng c A v B cch nhau 15 cm, dao ng iu ha cng tn s, cng pha
theo phng vung gc vi mt nc. im M nm trn AB, cch trung im O l 1,5 cm, l im gn O
nht lun dao ng vi bin cc i. Trn ng trn tm O, ng knh 20cm, nm mt nc c s
im lun dao ng vi bin cc i l
A. 18. B. 16. C. 32. D. 17.
Hng dn
Sng ti M c bin cc i khi d
2
d
1
= k
Ta c d
1
= 15/2 + 1,5 = 9cm; d
2
= 15/2 1,5 = 6cm
Khi d
2
d
1
= 3. Vi im M gn O nht chn k = 1. Khi ta c: = 3S im dao ng vi bin cc
i trn on AB l:
- S
1
S
2
d
2
d
1
S
1
S
2
Hay -15 k 15 -5 k 5
Vy s im dao ng vi bin cc i trn ng trn tm O bn knh 20cm l
n = 10x
2
2 = 18 cc i ( y t A v B l hai cc i do ch c 8 ng cc i ct ng trn ti 2
im, 2 cc i ti A v B tip xc vi ng trn)
Cu 3: Hai mi nhn S
1
, S
2
cch nhau 9cm, gn u mt cu rung c tn s f = 100Hz c t cho chm
nh vo mt mt cht lng. Vn tc truyn sng trn mt cht lng l v = 0,8 m/s. G nh cho cn rung th 2
im S
1
,

S
2
dao ng theo phng thng ng vi phng trnh dng: u = acos2ft. im M trn mt cht
lng cch u v dao ng cng pha S
1
, S
2
gn S
1
S
2
nht c phng trnh dao ng.
Hng dn
Phng trnh sng tng qut tng hp ti M l:
u
M
= 2acos(
2 1
d d

)cos(20t -
2 1
d d

+
)
Vi M cch u S
1
, S
2
nn d
1
= d
2
. Khi d
2
d
1
= 0 cos(
2 1
d d

) = 1 A = 2a
M dao ng cng pha vi S
1
, S
2
th:
2 1
d d

+
= 2k
suy ra:
2 1
2 d d k +

1 2
2
d d
k

+
v d
1
= d
2
= k

Gi x l khong cch t M n AB: d
1
= d
2
=
2
2
2
AB
x
_
+

,
=k
d
1
d
2
A S
1
O

S
2
B
S
1
O S
2
x
d
1
Suy ra
( )
2
2
2
AB
x k
_


,
=
2
0, 64 9 k
; ( = v/f = 0,8 cm)
Biu thc trong cn c ngha khi
2
0, 64 9 k 0 k 3,75
Vi x 0 v khong cch l nh nht nn ta chn k = 4
Khi
1 2
2 8
d d
k

+

Vy phng trnh sng ti M l: u
M
= 2acos(200t - 8) = u
M
= 2acos(200t)
Cu 4: Hai ngun sng kt hp trn mt nc cch nhau mt on S
1
S
2
= 9 pht ra dao ng u=cos(t).
Trn on S
1
S
2
, s im c bin cc i cng pha vi nhau v ngc pha vi ngun (khng k hai ngun)
l:
A. 8. B. 9 C. 17. D. 16.
Hng dn
Phng trnh sng tng qut tng hp ti M l:
u
M
= 2cos(
2 1
d d

)cos(20t -
2 1
d d

+
)
Vi d
1
+ d
2
= S
1
S
2
= 9
Khi : Phng trnh sng tng qut tng hp ti M l:
u
M
= 2cos(
2 1
d d

)cos(20t - 9) = 2cos(
2 1
d d

)cos(20t - ) = - 2cos(
2 1
d d

)cos(20t)
Vy sng ti M ngc pha vi ngun khi cos(
2 1
d d

) = 1
2 1
d d

= k2 d
1
- d
2
= 2k
Vi - S
1
S
2
d
1
- d
2
S
1
S
2
-9 2k

9 4,5 k

4,5
Suy ra k = 0; 1, 2; 3; 4. C 9 gi tr (c 9 cc i) Chn p n B
Cu 5: Trn mt nc c hai ngun kt hp AB cch nhau mt on 12cm ang dao ng vung gc vi mt
nc to ra sng vi bc song 1,6cm. Gi C l mt im trn mt nc cch u hai ngun v cch trung
im O ca on AB mt khon 8cm. Hi trn on CO, s im dao ng ngc pha vi ngun l:
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5
Hng dn
Do hai ngun dao ng cng pha nn n gin ta cho pha ban u ca chng bng 0. lch pha gia hai
im trn phng truyn sng:
2 d

. Xt im M nm trn ng trung trc ca AB cch A mt on d
1
v cch B mt on d
2
. Suy
ra d
1
=d
2
. Mt khc im M dao ng ngc pha vi ngun nn
1
2
(2 1)
d
k

+
Hay :
1
1, 6
(2 1) (2 1) (2 1).0,8
2 2
d k k k

+ + +
(1)
. Theo hnh v ta thy
1
AO d AC
(2). Thay (1) vo (2) ta c :
2
2
(2 1)0, 8
2 2
AB AB
k OC
_
+ +

,
(Do
2
AB
AO
v
2
2
2
AB
AC OC
_
+

,
)
Tng ng:
4
6 (2 1)0, 8 10 3, 25 5, 75
5
k
k k
k

+
'

Kt lun trn on CO c 2 im dao dng

ngc pha vi ngun.
Cu 6: Trn b mt cht lng c hai ngun kt hp AB cch nhau 40cm dao ng cng pha. Bit sng do
mi ngun pht ra c tn s f=10(Hz), vn tc truyn sng 2(m/s). Gi M l mt im nm trn ng
vung gc vi AB ti A dao ng vi bin cc i. on AM c gi tr ln nht l :
M

B A
A. 20cm B. 30cm C. 40cm D.50cm
Hng dn:
Ta c
200
20( )
10
v
cm
f

. Do M l mt cc i giao thoa nn
on AM c gi tr ln nht th M phi nm trn vn cc i bc 1
nh hnh v v tha mn :
2 1
1.20 20( ) d d k cm
(1).
( do ly k=+1)
Mt khc, do tam gic AMB l tam gic vung ti A nn ta c :
2 2 2 2
2 1
( ) ( ) 40 (2) AM d AB AM d + + .Thay (2) vo (1) ta c:

2 2
1 1 1
40 20 30( ) d d d cm + p n B
Cu 7: Trn b mt cht lng c hai ngun kt hp AB cch nhau
100cm dao ng cng pha. Bit sng do mi ngun pht ra c tn s f=10(Hz), vn tc truyn sng 3(m/s).
Gi M l mt im nm trn ng vung gc vi AB ti A dao ng vi bin cc i. on AM c
gi tr nh nht l :
A. 5,28cm B. 10,56cm C. 12cm D. 30cm
Hng dn
Ta c
300
30( )
10
v
cm
f

. S vn dao ng vi bin dao ng
cc i trn on AB tha mn iu kin :

2 1
AB d d k AB < <
.
Hay :
100 100
3, 3 3, 3
3 3
AB AB
k k k


< < < < < <
.
Suy ra :
0, 1, 2, 3 k t t t
. Vy on AM c gi tr b nht th
M phi nm trn ng cc i bc 3 nh hnh v v tha mn
2 1
3.30 90( ) d d k cm
(1) ( do ly k=3)
Mt khc, do tam gic AMB l tam gic vung ti A nn ta c :

2 2 2 2
2 1
( ) ( ) 100 (2) AM d AB AM d + +
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c :
2 2
1 1 1
100 90 10, 56( ) d d d cm + p n B
Cu 8: Trn mt nc, hai ngun kt hp A, B cch nhau 40cm lun dao ng cng pha, c bc sng 6cm.
Hai im CD nm trn mt nc m ABCD l mt hnh ch nht, AD=30cm. S im cc i v ng yn
trn on CD ln lt l :
A. 5 v 6 B. 7 v 6 C. 13 v 12 D. 11 v 10
Hng dn :
S im cc i trn on CD tho mn :
2 1
2 1
d d k
AD BD d d AC BC

'
< <

Suy ra : AD BD k AC BC < < Hay :

AD BD AC BC
k


< <
. Hay :
30 50 50 30
6 6
k

< <
Gii ra : -3,3<k<3,3 Kt lun c 7 im cc i trn CD.
S im cc tiu trn on CD tho mn :
2 1
2 1
(2 1)
2
d d k
AD BD d d AC BC

+

'

< <

Suy ra :
(2 1)
2
AD BD k AC BC

< + <
Hay :
2( ) 2( )
2 1
AD BD AC BC
k


< + <
. Thay s :
A
B
M
K=0
d1
d2
K=1
A
B
M
K=0
d1
d2
K=3
M

B A
2(30 50) 2(50 30)
2 1
6 6
k

< + < Suy ra :
6, 67 2 1 6, 67 k < + <
Vy : -3,8<k<2,835. Kt lun c 6 im ng yn.
Cu 9: mt thong ca mt cht lng c hai ngun kt hp A v B cch nhau 20(cm) dao ng theo
phng thng ng vi phng trnh
2. (40 )( )
A
U cos t mm
v
2. (40 )( )
B
U cos t mm +
. Bit tc truyn
sng trn mt cht lng l 30(cm/s). Xt hnh vung ABCD thuc mt cht lng. S im dao ng vi bin
cc i trn on BD l :
A. 17 B. 18 C. 19 D. 20
Hng dn :
2 2
20 2( ) BD AD AB cm +
Vi
2 2
40 ( / ) 0, 05( )
40
rad s T s




Vy :
. 30.0, 05 1, 5 v T cm
2 1
2 1
(2 1)
2
d d k
AD BD d d AB O

+

'

< <

(v im D B nn v phi AC thnh AB cn BC thnh B.B=O)

Suy ra :
(2 1)
2
AD BD k AB

< + <
Hay :
2( ) 2
2 1
AD BD AB
k

< + <
. Thay s :
2(20 20 2) 2.20
2 1
1, 5 1, 5
k

< + < Suy ra :

11, 04 2 1 26, 67 k < + <
Vy : -6,02<k<12,83.
Kt lun c 19 im cc i.
Cu 10: Hai ngun sng kt hp ging ht nhau c t cch nhau mt khong cch x trn ng knh ca
mt vng trn bn knh R (x < R) v i xng qua tm ca vng trn. Bit rng mi ngun u pht
sng c bc sng v x = 6. S im dao ng cc i trn vng trn l
A. 26 B. 24 C. 22. D. 20.
Hng dn :
Xt im M trn AB (AB = 2x = 12) AM = d
1
BM = d
2
d
1
d
2
= k; d
1
+ d
2
= 6;

d
1
= (3 + 0,5k)
0 d
1
= (3 + 0,5k) 6

- 6 k 6
S im dao ng cc i trn AB l 13 im k c hai ngun A, B. Nhng s ng cc i ct ng trn
ch c 11 v vy S im dao ng cc i trn vng trn l 22.
Chn p n C.
Cu 11: Giao thoa sng nc vi hai ngun A, B ging ht nhau c tn s 40Hz v cch nhau 10cm. Tc
truyn sng trn mt nc l 0,6m/s. Xt ng thng By nm trn mt nc v vung gc vi AB. im
trn By dao ng vi bin cc i gn B nht l
A. 10,6mm B. 11,2mm C. 12,4mm D. 14,5
Hng dn :
1.
AB

= 6,7

im cc i trn AB gn B nht c k = 6
Gi I l im cc i trn ng trn gn AB nht
Ta c: d
1I
d
2I
= 18 cm v d
1I
= AB = 20cm
A
B
D
C
O
M

B A
A B
I
h
x

d
2I
= 2cm
p dng tam gic vung
x
2
+ h
2
= 4

(20 x)
2
+ h
2
= 400 Gii ra h = 19,97mm
2.
AB

= 6,7

im cc i trn AB gn B nht c k = 6
Ta c: d
1I
d
2I
= 9 cm (1)
p dng tam gic vung
d
2
1
= d
2
2
+ 100 (2)
Gii (1) v (2)

d
2
= 10,6mm
Cu 12: Giao thoa sng nc vi hai ngun A, B ging ht nhau c tn s 40Hz v cch nhau 10cm. Tc
truyn sng trn mt nc l 0,6m/s. Xt ng thng By nm trn mt nc v vung gc vi AB. im
trn By dao ng vi bin cc i gn B nht l:
A. 10,6mm B. 11,2mm C. 12,4mm D. 14,5.
Hng dn :
Bc sng = v/f = 0,015m = 1,5 cm
Xt im N trn AB dao ng vi bin
cc i AN = d
1
; BN = d
2
(cm)
d
1
d
2
= k = 1,5k
d
1
+ d
2
= AB = 10 cm
d
1
= 5 + 0,75k
0 d
1
= 5 + 0,75k 10

- 6 k 6
im M ng thng By gn B nht ng vi k = 6
im M thuc cc i th 6
d
1
d
2
= 6 = 9 cm (1)
d
1
2
d
2
2
= AB
2
= 10
2

d
1
+ d
2
= 100/9 (2)
Ly (2) (1) 2d
2
= 100/9 -9 = 19/9

d
2
= 19/18 = 1,0555 cm = 10,6 mm. Chn p n A
Cch khc: Gi I l im nm trn AB
im cc i gn B nht trn By ng vi im cc i
Xa O nht l H ( Tnh cht ca Hipebol)
Ta c

AB
K
AB

6 , 6 6 , 6 K

k
max
= 6
Vy d
1
d
2
= 6 = 9 cm . Tip theo ta da vo tam gic vung AMB nh cch gii trn.
Cu 13: Giao thoa sng nc vi hai ngun ging ht nhau A, B cch nhau 20cm c tn s 50Hz. Tc
truyn sng trn mt nc l 1,5m/s. Trn mt nc xt ng trn tm A, bn knh AB. im trn ng
trn dao ng vi bin cc i cch ng thng qua A, B mt on gn nht l
A. 18,67mm B. 17,96mm C. 19,97mm D. 15,34mm
Hng dn :
Bc sng = v/f = 0,03m = 3 cm
Xt im N trn AB dao ng vi bin
cc i AN = d
1
; BN = d
2
(cm)
d
1
d
2
= k = 3k
d
1
+ d
2
= AB = 20 cm
d
1
= 10 +1,5k
0 d
1
= 10 +1,5k 20
A B
I
d
1
y
d
2
O
H
d
1
y

A
M

B
d
2
d
1
y

A
M

B
d
2
d
1
M

A
d
2

- 6 k 6

Trn ng trn c 26 im dao ng vi bin cc i

im gn ng thng AB nht ng vi k = 6. im M thuc cc i th 6
d
1
d
2
= 6 = 18 cm; d
2
= d
1
18 = 20 18 = 2cm
Xt tam gic AMB; h MH = h vung gc vi AB. t HB = x
h
2
= d
1
2
AH
2
= 20
2
(20 x)
2

h
2
= d
2
2
BH
2
= 2
2
x
2

20
2
(20 x)
2
= 2
2
x
2

x = 0,1 cm = 1mm

h = mm x d 97 , 19 399 1 20
2 2 2
2
. Chn p n C
Cch khc:
v
3
f
cm
; AM = AB = 20cm
AM - BM = kBM = 20 - 3k
AB AB
k 6, 7 < <

k
max
= 6BM
min
= 2cm
AMB cn: AM = AB = 200mm; BM = 20mm.
Khong cch t M n AB l ng cao MH ca AMB:
h =
( ) ( ) ( ) p p a p b p c
a b c
2
; p 21cm
a 2

+ +


2 21.1.1.19
h 1, 997cm 19, 97mm
20

Cu 14. Ti mt im trn mt phng cht lng c mt ngun dao ng to ra sng n nh trn mt cht
lng. Coi mi trng tuyt i n hi. M v N l 2 im trn mt cht lng, cch ngun ln lt l R
1
v R
2
.
Bit bin dao ng ca phn t ti M gp 4 ln ti N. T s
2
1
R
R
bng
A. 1/4 B. 1/16 C. 1/2 D. 1/8
Hng dn :
Nng lng sng c t l vi bnh phng bin , ti mt im trn mt phng cht lng c mt ngun
dao ng to ra sng n nh trn mt cht lng th nng lng sng truyn i s c phn b u cho
ng trn (tm ti ngun sng) Cng sut t ngun truyn n cho 1 n v di vng trn tm O bn knh R
l
R
E
2
0
Suy ra
1
2
0
0
2
2
2
2
R
R
R
R
R
E
R
E
A
A
E
E
M
N
N
M
N
M
N
M

Vy
16
1
16 4
2
1 2
2
2
1
2

R
R
A
A
R
R
N
M
Cu 15 : Cng sut m thanh cc i ca mt my nghe nhc gia nh l 10W.
Cho rng c truyn trn khong cch 1m, nng lng m b gim 5% so vi ln u do s hp th ca mi
trng truyn m. Bit
I
0
= 10
-12
W/m
2
. Nu m to ht c th mc cng m khong cch 6m l:
A. 102 dB B. 107 dB C. 98 dB D. 89 dB
Hng dn :
Cng m pht i t ngun im c xc nh l:
2
d 4
P
S
P
I

Nng lng m gim nn cng sut gim theo quan h: P = E/t, c 1m th gim 5% hay
N
M

( ) ( )
6
0 6
6
0
6
0
1
0
1 0
95 , 0 . P P 95 , 0
E
E
95 , 0
E
E
05 , 0
E
E E

Vy mc cng m ti v tr cch ngun m 6m l:

( )
dB 102
I . d 4
95 , 0 . P
log 10 L
0
2
6
0

Cu 16: Ti hai im A v B trn mt nc cch nhau 8 cm c hai ngun kt hp dao ng vi phng trnh:
1 2
u u acos40 t(cm)
, tc truyn sng trn mt nc l 30cm/ s . Xt on thng CD = 4cm trn mt nc
c chung ng trung trc vi AB. Khong cch ln nht t CD n AB sao cho trn on CD ch c 3 im dao
dng vi bin cc i l:
A. 3,3 cm. B. 6 cm. C. 8,9 cm. D. 9,7 cm.
Hng dn :
Bc sng = v/f = 30/20 = 1,5 cm. Khong cch ln nht t CD n AB m trn CD ch c 3 im
dao ng vi bin cc ai khi ti C v D thuc cc vn cc aibc 1 ( k = 1)
Ti C: d
2
d
1
= 1,5 (cm)
Khi AM = 2cm; BM = 6 cm
Ta c d
1
2
= h
2
+ 2
2
d
2
2
= h
2
+ 6
2
Do d
2
2
d
1
2
1,5(d
1
+ d
2
) = 32
d
2
+ d
1
= 32/1,5 (cm)
d
2
d
1
= 1,5 (cm)
Suy ra d
1
= 9,9166 cm

2 2 2
1
2 9, 92 4 9, 7 h d cm
Cu 17 : Trn b mt cht lng cho 2 ngun dao ng vung gc vi b mt cha61tlo3ng c phng trnh
dao ng u
A
= 3 cos 10t (cm) v u
B
= 5 cos (10t + /3) (cm). Tc truyn sng trn dy l V= 50cm/s .
AB =30cm. Cho im C trn on AB, cch A khong 18cm v cch B 12cm .V vng trn ng knh
10cm, tm ti C. S im dao ng cc i trn ng trn l
A. 7 B. 6 C. 8 D. 4
Hng dn :
Ta c:
v 50
10
f 5
cm
tnh s cc i trn ng trn th ch vic tnh s cc i trn ng knh MN sau nhn 2 ln v mi
cc i trn MN s ct ng trn ti 2 im ngoi tr 2 im M v N ch ct ng trn ti mt im
p dng cng thc

2
1 2
1 2

+ k d d
Xt mt im P trong on MN c khong cch ti cc ngun l d
2,
d
1
Ta c

2
1 2
1 2

+ k d d
=
1
6
k +
Mt khc:
2 1
17 13 4
M M M
d d d cm
2 1
7 23 16
N N N
d d d cm
V im P nm trong on MN nn ta c
2 1 N M
d d d d

-16
1
6
k +
4

16 1 4 1
6 6
k

1, 8 0, 23 k
M k nguyn

k= -1, 0

C 2 cc i trn MN

C 4 cc i trn ng trn
Chng minh cng thc :

2
1 2
1 2

+ k d d
Xt 2 ngun kt hp x
1
=A
1
cos(
1
t +
),x
2
=A
2
cos(
2
t +
),
h
d
2
d
1
M
C
A
B
D
Xt im M trong vng giao thoa c khong cch ti cc ngun l d
1,
d
2
Phng trnh sng do x
1,
x
2
truyn ti M: x
1M
= A
1
cos(
1
1
2
d
t

+
)
x
2M
=A
2
cos(
2
2
2
d
t

+
)
Phng trnh sng tng hp ti M: x
M
= x
1M
+ x
2M
Dng phng php gin Fresnel biu din cc vc t quay A
1,
A
2,
v A/ Bin dao ng tng hp:
A
2
=A
1
2
+A
2
2
+2A
1
A
2
cos[
1
1
2
d

-(
2
2
2
d

)]=A
1
2
+A
2
2
+2A
1
A
2
cos(
2 1
1 2
2
d d

+
)
Bin dao ng tng hp cc i A=A
1
+A
2
khi: cos(
2 1
1 2
2
d d

+
)=1

2 1
1 2
2
d d

+ =k2

2
1 2
1 2

+ k d d
Bin dao ng tng hp cc tiu A=
1 2
A - A
khi cos(
2 1
1 2
2
d d

+
)=-1

2 1
1 2
2
d d

+ = 2 k +

2
)
2
1
(
1 2
1 2

+ + k d d
Cu 18: Ti O c 1 ngun pht m thanh ng hng vi cng sut ko i.1 ngi i b t A n C theo 1
ng thng v lng nghe m thanh t ngun O th nghe thy cng m
tng t I n 4I ri li gim xung I .Khong cch AO bng:
A.
2
2
AC
B.
3
3
AC

C.
3
AC
D.
2
AC
Hng dn :
Do ngun pht m thanh ng hngCng m ti im cch ngun m RI =
2
4 R
P

. Gi s ngi i
b t A qua M ti C

I
A
= I
C
= I

OA = OC
I
M
= 4I

OA = 2. OM. Trn ng thng qua AC I

M
t gi tr ln nht, nn M gn O nht

OM vung gc vi AC v l trung im ca AC
AO
2
= OM
2
+ AM
2
=
4 4
2 2
AC AO
+

3AO
2
= AC
2

AO =
3
3 AC
. Chn p n B
Cu 19. Sng dng xut hin trn si dy vi tn s f=5Hz. Gi th t cc im thuc dy ln lt l
O,M,N,P sao cho O l im nt, P l im bng sng gn O nht (M,N thuc on OP) . Khong thi gian
gia 2 ln lin tip gi tr li ca im P bng bin dao ng ca im M,N ln lt l 1/20 v 1/15s.
Bit khong cch gia 2 im M,N l 0.2cm Bc sng ca si dy l:
A. 5.6cm B. 4.8 cm C. 1.2cm D. 2.4cm
Hng dn :
Chu k ca dao ng T = 1/f = 0,2(s)
Theo bi ra ta c
t
MM
=
20
1
(s) =
4
1
T
t
NN
=
15
1
(s) =
3
1
T

t
MN
=
2
1
(
3
1
-
4
1
)T =
24
1
T =
120
1
vn tc truyn sng
P N M
O M N P
v = MN/t
MN
= 24cm/s
Do : = v.T = 4,8 cm. Chn p n B
Ch : Thi gian khi li ca P bng bin ca M, N i t M,N n bin ri quay lai th
t
MM
> t
NN
m bi ra cho t
MM
< t
NN

Cu 20. Hai im A, B nm trn cng mt ng thng i qua mt ngun m v hai pha so vi ngun m.
Bit mc cng m ti A v ti trung im ca AB ln lt l 50 dB v 44 dB. Mc cng m ti B l
A. 28 dB B. 36 dB C. 38 dB D. 47 dB
Hng dn :
T cng thc I = P/4d
2
Ta c:
2 A M
M A
I d
= ( )
I d
v L
A
L
M
= 10.lg(I
A
/I
M
) d
M
=
0,6
A
10 .d
Mt khc M l trung im cu AB, nn ta c: AM = (d
A
+ d
B
)/2 = d
A
+ d
M
; (d
B
> d
A
)
Suy ra d
B
= d
A
+ 2d
M
Tng t nh trn, ta c:
2 0,6 2 A B
B A
I d
= ( ) = (1+ 2 10 )
I d
v L
A
L
B
= 10.lg(I
A
/I
B
)
Suy ra L
B
= L
A
10.lg
0,6 2
(1 2 10 ) + = 36dB
Cch 2
Cng m ti im cch ngun m khong R; I =
2
P
4R
= 10
L
.I
0
; vi P l cng sut ca ngun; I
0
cng
m chun, L mc cng m R =
0
P
4.I
L
1
10
M l trung im ca AB, nm hai pha ca gc O nn: R
M
= OM =
B A
R R
2

(1)
Ta c R
A
= OA v L
A
= 5 (B) R
A
=
0
P
4.I
LA
1
10
=
0
P
4.I
5
1
10
(2)
Ta c R
B
= OB v L
B
= L R
B
=
0
P
4.I
LB
1
10
=
0
P
4.I
L
1
10
(3)
Ta c R
M
= OM v L
M
= 4,4 (B) R
M
=
0
P
4.I
LM
1
10
=
0
P
4.I
4,4
1
10
(4)
T ta suy ra 2R
M
= R
B
R
A
2
4 , 4
10
1
=
L
10
1

5
10
1

L
10
1
=
5
10
1
+ 2
4 , 4
10
1
L
10
=
9,4
4,4 5
10
10 +2 10

L
2
10
=
5 , 2 2 , 2
7 , 4
10 . 2 10
10
+
= 63,37
8018 , 1
2

L
L = 3,6038 (B) = 36 (dB)
Cu 21: Mt si dy n hi cng ngang, ang c sng dng n nh. Trn dy, A l mt im nt, B l
im bng gn A nht vi AB = 18 cm, M l mt im trn dy cch B mt khong 12 cm. Bit rng trong
mt chu k sng, khong thi gian m ln vn tc dao ng ca phn t B nh hn vn tc cc i ca
phn t M l 0,1s. Tc truyn sng trn dy l:
A. 3,2 m/s. B. 5,6 m/s. C. 4,8 m/s. D. 2,4 m/s.
Hng dn :
+ A l nt; B l im bng gn A nht

Khong cch:
AB =
4

= 18cm,

= 4.18 = 72cm
+ Bin sng dng ti mt im M bt k trn dy:
2
2 | sin |
M
M
d
A a

B
M A

M
M
2

M
1

N

M
M
2

M
1

N


(Vi d
M
l khong cch t B n M; a l bin ca sng ti v sng phn x)
Vi d
M
= MB = 12cm =
6

2 .12
2 | sin |
72
M
A a

= 2a.
sin
3

= 2a.
3
2
= a 3
+. Tc cc i ti M: v
Mmax
= A
M
.

= a 3

+. Tc ca phn t ti B (bng sng) khi c li x
B
= A
M
l: v
B
=

x
B
= a 3

= v
Mmax
* Phn t ti bng sng: Cng ra bin tc cng gim

Thi gian m ln vn tc dao ng ca phn t

B nh hn vn tc cc i ca phn t M (ng vi lc phn t ca bng sng qua v tr c li M ra bin v
tr v M)
+ Cos

=
3
2
a
a
=
3
2

=
6

+ Trong 1 chu k: Thi gian m ln vn tc dao ng ca phn t B nh hn vn tc cc i ca phn t

M l
4 t

= 4.
.
6.2
T

=
3
T
= 0,1s

T = 3.0,1 = 0,3s
* Tc truyn sng c: v =
T

=
72
0, 3
= 240 cm/s = 2,4m/s
* Lu : M trong on AB hay M ngoi on AB u ng.
p n D.
Cu 22: Hai ngun S
1
, S
2
cch nhau 6cm, pht ra hai sng c phng trnh u
1
= u
2
= acos200t . Sng sinh ra
truyn vi tc 0,8 m/s. im M trn mt cht lng cch u v dao ng cng pha vi S
1
,S
2
v gn
S
1
S
2
nht c phng trnh l
A. u
M
= 2acos(200t - 12) B. u
M
= 22acos(200t - 8)
C. u
M
= 2acos(200t - 8) D. u
M
= 2acos(200t - 8)
Hng dn :
Phng trnh sng tng qut tng hp ti M l: u
M
= 2acos(
2 1
d d

)cos(20t -
2 1
d d

+
)
Vi M cch u S
1
, S
2
nn d
1
= d
2
. Khi d
2
d
1
= 0 cos(
2 1
d d

) = 1 A = 2a
M dao ng cng pha vi S
1
, S
2
th:

k d d k
d d
k
d d

+

+
2 1
2 1 2 1
2 2
Gi x l khong cch t M n AB: d
1
= d
2
=
2
2
2
AB
x
_
+

,
=
k
( ) 9 64 , 0
2
2
2
2

,
_

k
AB
k x

2
0,64 9 k 0 k 3,75
3 a
2a
M
Bin
0

S
1
O S
2
x
d
1

M
M
2

M
1

N

M
M
2

M
1

N

k
min
= 4

+
8 2
2 1
k
d d

Phng trnh sng ti M l: u

M
= 2acos(200t - 8)
Cu 23: Hai im M, N cng nm trn mt phng truyn sng cch nhau x = /3, sng c bin A, chu k
T. Ti thi im t
1
= 0, c u
M
= +3cm v u
N
= -3cm. thi im t
2
lin sau c u
M
= +A, bit sng truyn t
N n M. Bin sng A v thi im t
2
l
A. cm 3 2 v
12
11T
B.
cm 2 3
v
12
11T
C. cm 3 2 v
12
22T
D.
cm 2 3
v
12
22T
Hng dn :
Ta c lch pha gia M v N l:
3
2 2

x

6

,
T hnh v, ta c th xc nh bin sng l: A = 3 2
cos

M
u
(cm)
thi im t
1
, li ca im M l :
u
M
= +3cm, ang gim. n thi im t
2
lin sau , li ti M l : u
M
= +A.
Ta c

/
1 2

t t t vi
T

2
;
6
11
2
/

12
11
2
.
6
11
1 2
T T
t t t

Vy:
12
11
1 2
T
t t t

Bi 24: Sng dng trn mt si dy c bin bng l 5cm. Gia hai im M, N c bin 2,5cm cch
nhau x = 20cm cc im lun dao ng vi bin nh hn 2,5cm. Bc sng l.
A. 60 cm B. 12 cm C. 6 cm D. 120 cm
Hng dn :
lch pha gia M, N xc nh theo cng thc:

x 2

Do cc im gia M, N u c bin nh hn bin dao ng ti M, N nn chng l hai im gn nhau
nht i xng qua mt nt sng.
+ lch pha gia M v N d dng tnh c
cm x
x
120 6
3
2
3

Bi 25: Ngun m ti O c cng sut khng i. Trn cng ng thng qua O c ba im A, B, C cng nm
v mt pha ca O v theo th t xa c khong cch ti ngun tng dn. Mc cng m ti B km mc
cng m ti A l a (dB), mc cng m ti B hn mc cng m ti C l:
3a (dB). Bit OA =
2
3
OB. T s
OC
OA
l:
A.
81
16
B.
9
4
C.
27
8
D.
32
27
Hng dn:
So snh A v B:
a
A B A A 10
A B
0 0 B B
I I I I a
L L a 10lg 10lg a lg 10
I I I 10 I

.(1)
So snh B v C:
3a
C B B B 10
B C
0 0 C C
I I I I 3a
L L 3a 10lg 10lg 3a lg 10
I I I 10 I

.(2)
Theo gi thit :
B
A
d 2 3
OA OB
3 d 2

.
t
-q
o

M
M
2

M
1

u(cm)
N
5
2,5
-2,5
-5
t

M
M
2

M
1

u(cm)
N
A
3
-3


-A
T (1)
2
a a a
A B 10 10 10
B A
I d 9
: 10 10 10
I d 4
_


,
.
T (1) v (2) suy ra :
2
a 3a 2a 2a
C A B A 10 10 5 5
B C C A
d I I I
. 10 .10 10 10
I I I d
_


,

2
2
a a
C 5 10
A
d 9 81
10 10
d 4 16
_
_


,
,
.
Bi 26: Trn mt nc ti hai im S
1
, S
2
ngi ta t hai ngun sng c kt hp, dao ng iu ho theo
phng thng ng vi phng trnh u
A
= 6cos40t v u
B
= 8cos(40t ) (uA v uB tnh bng mm, t tnh bng
s). Bit tc truyn sng trn mt nc l 40cm/s, coi bin sng khng i khi truyn i. Trn on
thng S
1
S
2
, im dao ng vi bin 1cm v cch trung im ca on S
1
S
2
mt on gn nht l
A. 0,25 cm B. 0,5 cm C. 0,75 cm D. 1
Hng dn :
Bc sng = v/f = 2 cm., I l trung im ca S
1
S
2
Xt im M trn S
1
S
2
: IM

= d ( 0 < d < 4cm)
u
S1M
= 6cos(40t -

) 4 ( 2 d +
) mm = 6cos(40t - d - 4) mm
u
S2M
= 8cos(40t -

) 4 ( 2 d
) mm = 8cos(40t +

d 2
-

8
) mm = 8cos(40t + d - 4)
im M dao ng vi bin 1 cm = 10 mm khi u
S1M
v u
S2M
vung pha vi nhau
2d =
2

+ k

d =
4
1
+
2
k
d = d
min
khi k = 0

d
min
= 0,25 cm Chn p n A
Cch khc: Hai ngun cng pha nn trung im I dao ng cc i A
max
=6+8=14mm
0
max
4 , 44
14
10
cos
A
A
lch pha gia I v M cn tm l
cm d d 247 , 0
180
4 , 44
2

Bi 27: Trn mt nc ti hai im S

1
, S
2
ngi ta t hai ngun
sng c kt hp, dao ng iu ho theo phng thng ng vi
phng trnh u
A
= u
B
= 6cos40t (u
A
v u
B
tnh bng mm, t tnh
bng s). Bit tc truyn sng trn mt nc l 40cm/s, coi bin
sng khng i khi truyn i. Trn on thng S
1
S
2
, im dao
ng vi bin 6mm v cch trung im ca on S
1
S
2
mt on gn nht l:
A. 1/3cm B. 0,5 cm C. 0,25 cm D. 1/6cm
Hng dn:
Bc sng = v/f = 2 cm., I l trung im ca S
1
S
2
Xt im M trn S
1
S
2
: IM

= d ( 0 < d < 4cm)
u
S1M
= 6cos(40t -

) 4 ( 2 d +
) mm = 6cos(40t - d - 4) mm
u
S2M
= 6cos(40t -

) 4 ( 2 d
) mm = 6cos(40t +

d 2
-

8
) mm = 6cos(40t + d - 4)
im M dao ng vi bin 6 mm khi u
S1M
v u
S2M
lch pha nhau
3
2
2d = k
3
2

d =
3
k
d = d
min
khi k = 1

d
min
= 0,33 cm Chn p n A
S
2

S
1

S
2

S
1

A
max
=14mm
A

Cch khc: Hai ngun cng pha nn trung im I dao ng cc

i A
max
=6+6=12mm
3 12
6
cos
max

A
A
lch pha gia I v M cn tm l:
cm d d
3
1
6 3
2

Bi 28: Ti 2 im A,B trn mt cht lng cch nhau 16cm c 2

ngun pht sng kt hp dao ng theo phng trnh
t a u 30 cos
1

,
)
2
30 cos(

+ t b u
b
. Tc truyn sng trn
mt nc l 30cm/s. Gi C, D l 2 im trn on AB sao cho AC = DB = 2cm. S im dao ng vi bin
cc tiu trn on CD l:
A.12 B. 11 C. 10 D. 13
Hng dn :
Bc sng = v/f = 2 cm.
Xt im M trn S
1
S
2
: S
1
M

= d ( 2 d 14 cm)
u
1M
= acos(30t -

d 2
) = acos(30t - d)
u
2M
= bcos(30t +
2

-

) 16 ( 2 d
) = bcos(30t +
2

d 2
-

32
) = bcos(30t +
2

+ d - 16) mm
im M dao n vi bin cc tiu khi u
1M
v u
2M
ngc pha vi nhau
2d +
2

= (2k + 1)

d =
4
1
+
2
1
+ k =
4
3
+ k
2 d =
4
3
+ k 14

1,25 k 13,25

2 k 13. C 12 gi tr ca k. Chn p n A.
S im dao ng vi bin cc tiu trn on CD l 12
Cch khc:
cm
f
v
2
. S im dao ng cc tiu trn CD l
2
1
2 2
1
2

CD
k
CD
25 , 5 75 , 6
2
1
4
1
2
12
2
1
4
1
2
12
k k
c 12 cc tiu trn on CD
Bi 29: sng (A, B cng pha so vi S v AB = 100m). im M l trung im AB v cch S 70 m c mc
cng m 40dB. Bit vn tc m trong khng kh l 340m/s v cho rng mi trng khng hp th m
(cng m chun I
o
= 10
-12
W/m
2
). Nng lng ca sng m trong khng gian gii hn bi hai mt cu tm S
qua A v B l
A.
J 9 , 207
B. 207,9 mJ C. 20,7mJ D. 2,07J
Hng dn :
Sng truyn trong khng gian. Nng lng sng t l nghch vi bnh phng khong cch. Nng lng sng
bng g? y cho mc cng m ti im M l trung im AB, ngha l s xc nh c cng
m ti M. Cn c suy ra cng m ti A v B. Cng m ti A v B t l nghch vi bnh phng khong
cch n v l W/m
2

Nng lng sng ti cc mt cu tm (S, SA) v (S, SB). Ly hiu th c nng lng
trong vng gii hn.
Theo gi thit:

'

+

2
2
AB
r r
AB
r r
M B
M A
. Cng m ti 1 im l nng lng i qua mt n v din tch tnh
trong 1 n v thi gian. T gi thit suy ra cng sut ngun S l P=
2
4 .
M M
r I
Nng lng trong hnh cu tm (S, SA) v (S, SB) l: :
D

A
max
=12mm
A

J r r
v
r I
v
r
P
v
r
P
A B
M M B A

9 , 207 ) 100 (
340
75 . 4 . 10
) (
4 .
W W W . W ; . W
2 8 2
A B B A

Bi 30: mt cht lng c hai ngun sng A, B cch nhau 19 cm, dao ng theo phng thng ng vi
phng trnh l u
A
= u
B
= acos20t (vi t tnh bng s). Tc truyn sng ca mt cht lng l 40 cm/s. Gi
M l im mt cht lng gn A nht sao cho phn t cht lng ti M dao ng vi bin cc i v cng
pha vi ngun A . Khong cch AM l
A. 5 cm. B. 2 cm. C. 4 cm. D. 2 2 cm.
Hng dn :
Bc sng = v/f = 4 cm
Xet im M: AM = d
1
; BM = d
2
u
M
= acos(20t -

1
2 d
) + acos(20t -

2
2 d
)
u
M
= 2acos(

) (
1 2
d d
cos(20t -

) (
2 1
d d +
)
im M dao n vi bin cc i, cng pha
vi ngun A khi: cos(

) (
1 2
d d
= 1 v

) (
2 1
d d +
= 2k

/
1 2
1 2
2
2
d d k
d d k

'
+

d
1
= k k . im M gn A nht ng vi k-k = 1

d
1min
= = 4 cm
d
1
d
2
M

A
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