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7. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Synopsis : 1. Let R. Take an angle of measure radians in the standard position. Let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side of the angle such that OP = r( > 0). Then i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi)
y is called sine of and it is denoted by sin. r
x is called r y x

cosine of and it is denoted by cos

(x 0) is called tangent of and it is denoted by tan. denoted by cot.

x (y 0) is called cotangent of and it is y

r (x 0) is called secant of and it is denoted by sec. x

r y

(y 0) is called cosecant of and it is denoted by cosec.

These six functions (ratios) are called trigonometric functions (ratios). 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. sin.cosec = 1, sin = cos.sec = 1, cos = tan.cot = 1, tan =
1 1 , cosec = cos ec sin

1 1 , sec = cos sec 1 1 , cot = cot tan

cos sin = cot = tan , sin cos

sin2 + cos2 = 1, sin2 = 1 cos2, cos2 = 1 sin2

7. 8.

1+tan2= sec2, tan2 = sec2 1, sec2 tan2=1. 1 + cot2 = cosec2 , cot2 = cosec2 1, cosec2 cot2 = 1.

9.

sec + tan =

1 . sec tan

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Trigonometric Functions 10. cosec + cot =

1 . cos ec cot

11. The values of the trigonometric functions of some standard angles : sin cos 0 0 1 /6 1/2
3

/4 1/ /2 1/
2 2

/3
3

/2 /2 1 0

0 1

3/2 1 0

2 0 1

1/2

12. Trigonometric functions of 2n + ; nZ 1) sin(2n + ) = sin, cos(2n + ) = cos 2) tan(2n + ) = tan, cot(2n + ) = cot 3) sec(2n + ) = sec, cosec(2n + ) = cosec 13. Trigonometric functions of (), for all values of 1) sin() = sin , 3) tan() = tan , 2) cos() = cos , 4) cot() = cot ,

5) sec() = sec , 6) cosec() = cosec 14. The values of trigonometric functions of any angle can be represented in terms of an angle in the first quadrant Let A = n.
2
2

where nZ, 0

. Then

i) sin n.

= sin , if n is even = cos , if n is odd

ii) cos n.
2

= cos , if n is even = sin , if n is odd

iii) tan n. = tan , if n is even

= cot , if n is odd iv) cot n.

2

= cot , if n is even = tan , if n is odd

v) sec n.

= sec , if n is even = cosec , if n is odd

vi) cosec n. = cosec , if n is even

= sec , if n is odd

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