ACIDS AND ALKALIS

ACID

Acids
Definition
- A chemical substance that has a hydrogen atom, which can be replaced by a metal or ammonium

ACIDS

ORGANIC ACIDS

INORGANIC ACID

1. Acetic acid-vinegar 2. Formic acid-ants 3. Lactic acid- sour milk 4. Malic acid-young apple 5. Citric acid-limes

1. Sulphuric acid
2. Nitric acid 3. Hydrochloric acid 4. Carbonic acid

6. Tannic acid- tea

7. Tartaric acid- grapes

DIFFERENCES
ORGANIC ACID
Sources- living things Weak acid Less corrosive

INORGANIC ACID
Sources- rocks and minerals Strong acids Very corrosive

 Acid can exist in three states: 1.Solid- tartaric acid 2.Liquid-ethanoic acid 3.Gas-hydrogen chloride

THE PROPERTIES OF ACIDS

Taste sour Corrosive Change blue litmus paper to red Have pH values of less than 7 React with alkalis to form salt and water (neutralisation process) React with most metals
e.g: acid + metal salt + hydrogen

ALKALIS

DEFINITION -A hydroxide or metal oxide that dissolves in water

EXAMPLES

-Potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide,

calcium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide solution

THE PROPERTIES OF ALKALIS

Taste bitter Feel slippery like soapnwhen touched with fingers Corrosive Change red litmus paper to blue color Have pH values more than 7

 React with ammonium salt to release ammonia when heated

Alkali + ammonium salts salt + water +ammonium gas

- e.g: sodium hydroxide + ammonium chloride sodium chloride + water + ammonium gas React with acids to form salt and water (neutralization process)

pH VALUES
Function - To determine whether the substance is acidic, neutral or alkaline pH scale Acid pH 0 to 6 Alkaline- pH 8 to 14 Neutral- pH 7

 The pH values of a substances can be determine by using pH paper or universal indicator solution.

 Others indicator

ACIDIC AND ALKALINE SUBSTANCE IN DAILY LIFE

Used of acid
Nitric acid Citric acid and tartaric acid Acetic acid Boric acid Benzoic acid Carbonic acid To make fertiliser and dye To make fruit salt To make synthetic fibre Used as an eyewash Used to preserve food Used to prepare carbonated drinks

 Uses of alkalis
Sodium hydroxide Used for making soap and detergent

Ammonia

Used as household cleaner To make fertiliser

Magnesium hydroxide

Used in antacid to ease stomachache due to excess acid

Calcium hydroxide

Used to raise the pH value of acidic soil for healthy growth of plants