-

.1 /

.2 /

( )

. -

.
( )
.

.
:

- -
-.

.
2 4777 2 2274 6764

.
(
1

)o 675 - 39

 . o 15
) 875( ( . ) 1 %29
(

)%67 6 21

)9.7( /
( 2878 /)
( )33/
( 6) . %18
.
. ]1 2 3[ .

13 .

171 - 375
%93 33
. 1.0 375 85976
141 [ .]4

.

.
.

13 . %33 . ]5 6 7[ .

[ ]8 9 13 [ .]11 12 13

.

. %67
%25 .%24
.]677719[ .

[ ]02
( ) 1972
2

 .

[ ]69792
[ .]2991 [ ]2
[ .]3

. )H2SO4(
[ .]4

Acacia bidwilli; A. farnesiana; A. fulva; A. fasciculifera & A.

.]5[ stenophylla [.]6

:
27 34 14 16
. 75

.]1 3[

. :
( )1 (.)2

(: ) 8
" "

C.E.C

E.C

meq/100
mg

mmohs/
cm/25Co

pH

Clay
%

Silt
%

Fine
Sand
%

Coarse
Sand
%

Sand
%

0.93

8.7

7.7

1.3

78.4

21.6

91

0.67

7.9

11.2

2.8

81.5

18.5

86

Content

O.M
%

0.06

0.13

1.90

0.190

0.22

4.78

Water

Sandy Soil
Loamy
Sand Soil

( :)0 8

SO4

Cl

HCO3

Na

Mg

Ca

53

355

185

52

81

55

110

Loamy Sand

34

06

303

20

114

62

43

Sandy Soil

. :
3


( )3

.]10[ .

( :)3
:

7719

0
7724

1
7745

2
7767

3
7778

2763

2766

2759

2755

6.81

5.53

5.27

5717

4733

1.68

1.57

3764

3764

3742

3731

3729

2787

3796
37335

pH

EC

dS/m

2774

10.80

10.66

mg/l

1787

1776

1.71

mg/l

3765

3753

3748

3747

mg/l

7.71

7.25

5.61

4.31

3.12

PO4

mg/l

6767

6733

5763

5761

5745

37334

Na

mg/l

323.86

291.76

165.04

119.22

109.12

6757

11722

Ca

mg/l

30.54

26.11

20.07

16.53

15.91

Mg

mg/l

22.81

18.62

14.79

11.34

10.08

Cd

mg/l

3733

3732

3732

3732

3732

Cr

mg/l

3739

3738

3737

3737

3736

Ni

mg/l

7.49

7724

7.35

6.6.

6...

Pb

mg/l

2774

2763

2766

2759

2755

Zn

mg/l

1787

1776

1768

1768

1767

mg/l

6722

6717

6713

6733

5793

SAR
TDS

BOD

. :
18

.
. : .
933

 13 .
[ ]21
Acacia tortilis

Acacia nilotica

Acacia etbaica

. ():

.
. :

(
.)ppm 2253 .
[. ]00

. Seed germination :

( 11) 25 ( (Whatman No.1

) )Germination cabinets
24 [ ]23724
=

22

16 8 .
. :

)7771( pH EC

( )0 11 0S ( )34 233 133 75

93

. (

)
5

( ) ( )

83 24
.

. .
[ ]25726727
.
. - .

. . ( ).

( .)%9178 ( )%9176 ( .)%7874

( )%82 ( )%5278 ( .)%26 [ ]26 %53 A. karroo

%133; %74A.Cyclops %;100 %22A. Cynophylla Alhagi maurorum % 88; %6 %67

.

25

%9976 %96 %5476 [ ]0690791291

Muntingia calabura Prosopis flexuosa P.Chilensis Pringlea

antiscorbutica 23 %88

%76 A. etbaica %8 A.tortilis A. nilotica [ ]10

Poa kerguelensis P.Cookii 35 %78

%13 %38 A. etbaica A. tortilis A. nilotica

[ ]11 Prosopis Alpataca 25

 . A. senegal and A. catechu ferruginea

A. 33 85 .]12[ %96

12 ()%28

72 )%21( (.)%779
. %23 72

%1578
72 %26 %4173
12 %73 Cerataonia siliqua
%43 Acacia Karroo 6 .]26[ %64 Acacia cyclops
( )
A. tortilis A. Faidherbia and A. albida
13 A. albida A. tortilis
[ .]35

[ . ]1591691736

[ .]22
A.albida A.nolitica A. tirtilis A. xanthophloea
A.albida A. tortilis
A. xanthophloea A.nolitica .]36[ A. tortilis

( )Eucalyptus
[.]16

A. nilotica

253 / [ .]2092

A. ctenophlla; A. ampliceps; A. nolitica; A. maconochieana A.

maconochieana A. Ctenophlla A. nolitica A. ampliceps

[ ]22921 .
.

 ( :)2 :

control
10
20
30
40
50
control
10
20
30
40
50
control
10
20
30
40
50

6.6
2.8
2.9
3.7
3.9
4.8

4.5
1.5
2.9
3.0
3.9
4.6

07:8.1
1025.0
1401.3
1461.0
2169.3
2766.3

384.4
146.6
161.0
250.0
269.3
466.6

5.1
2.6
4.0
3.0
6.0
12.0

7.4
5.0
5.3
5.3
6.0
5.6

31.1
17.3
20.6
22.0
21.6
18.0

6.6
3.6
3.7
4.1
4.8
6.2

4.:
2.7
2.5
2.6
3.7
3.9

0777.7
933.3
1256.3
1267.3
1280.0
2008.0

094.4
112.3
120.0
147.3
212.3
226.3

4.1
4.3
2.0
6.3
4.0
6.3

6.7
5.6
6.3
6.6
7.6
7.3

07.7
10.6
19.0
21.0
20.3
17.6

6.7
2.4
4.1
4.0
4.8
5.0

6.9
2.7
4.5
5.1
5.2
4.5

3751.1
35:8.4
3784.4
3516.6
2811.3
4340.0

019.1
98.3

0.1
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.3

6.7
4.3
5.0
5.3
6.0
5.3

06.4
16.0
18.0
17.3
17.0
16.0

119.3
120.3
123.3
130.0

53
.
.

233

( )%53-43
. ( 8-5)
( 13-8) .
( ) .
8

 8
163
23 [ . ]23

5 53-43
13-8 5

4-3 .
( ) 163
75-53

.

( )Eucalyptus
.

:
.1 . )2337(
" " .
.2 "
) " . 2336
.3 (" )2331 "
. () -
/ .
4. Al-Ofi K.R. and Melkawi K. (2004) Design features of highways in drifting
sand areas Second Gulf Conference on Roads Abu-Dhabi UAE
.5 ( )1981 . ( )3
.
6. Asano T. and Levine A.D. (1998) Wastewater reclamation recycling and reuse: an in
PA: Technomic

troduction. In: Wastewater reclamation and reuse Lancaster

Publishing.
9

7. Falkenmark M. (1989) The massive water scarcity now threatening Africa. Why isnt itbeing
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Drainage Paper 47 FAO Rome
10. Elssaidi M. A. (2005). Assessement of Using Treated Sewage effluent and Accompained
Sludge in Agricultural Purposes. Ph.D Thesis Institute of Environmental Studies &
Research Ain-Shams University.

11. Banin A. and J Navrot . (1981). Accumulation of heavy metals in acid Zone soil irrigated
Whit treated Sewage effluents and their uptake by Rhodes drass Jour of Eng.
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12. Bole T .B and J.M.Carefoot. (1981). Effects of waste water irrigation and leaching
percentage on Soil and ground water chemistry .Journal. of Eng.Qu;10:177-183.
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International Journal of Environmental 2 April 2005 pp. 127-133 (7)

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three subtropical Legumes. Fourth Australian seeds Research con- Ference Review and
contributed papers.
16. Tao, K.L.J.(1982).Improving the germination of johns-ngrass seeds .J.seed tech ,
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Workshop on Taxonomy and seed Handilig of Australian tree .Page 1
WWW.reference@idrc.ca

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. " ) " 1995( .25
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) "2333( .26
. "
27. Mohemed S.H.Smouni.A.Neyra.M.Kharcnaf D.and Filali.Maltouf A. (2000).Phenotypic
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,temperature, light . Storage and factors on the Muntingia calabura L.seed germination
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31. Catalan, L.A.(1991).Laboratory germination conditions for seed of Prosopis flexuosa
D.C.and P.chilensis (Molina)Stuntz. Seed sic&Technol .20:289-292.
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12

Environmental Solution to Sand Dune Movement

Along Sebha Brack Main Road
Saber, A. K.1

Alfaytori, M .A.2

Almathnani, A. M.1

1. Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Sebha Uni.

Elssaidi, M. A.1

2. Faculty of Science, Sebha university

ABSTRACT
This study introduced an environmental solution to control the
impacts of sand dunes movements along Sebha - Brack main road.
Where a trees barrier suggested, irrigated by treated sewage effluents
and the accompanied sludges produced in Sebha and Brack. The trees
are Acacia and Tamarix, which ecologically acclimated with the
dominant metrological and environmental conditions of the Fezzan
region. As well as, Olive and Palm trees could be introduce in later
stages. The results of the physicochemical properties of the studied
sewage effluents revealed that Sebha and Brack effluents could be apply
safely in the cultivation of Acacia, Tamarix, Olive and palm trees. The
results revealed also that sewage effluents might be use successfully in
the germination and cultivation of the studied trees. Acacia and
Tamarix tolerate the environmental stresses like salinity and drought.
This paper discussed how the trees barrier might establish, by
suggesting the trees height, cross section details and penetration rates.
The paper also discussed the types of the trees, number of tree rows and
the distance between them and the distance between the trees.

Keywords:
Sand dune, Acacia, Tamarix, Palm, Sewage effluent, Sludge,
Barriers, Arid and Semi Arid Zones, Brack, Sebha, Libya.

13