HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG KHOA VIN THNG 1

CHUYN THNG TIN QUANG

Bo v v phc hi trong mng truyn ti quang
Gio vin hng dn : TS Nguyn c Nhn Sinh vin : L Vn Tn V Minh Thun Nguyn Vn Thnh Nhm 15- Lp : D08TCVT1

1. Cc khi nim c bn bo v trong mng quang

Da vo s lng h thng lm vic v d phng Bo v 1+1: l bo v m trong dnh ring mt h thng d phng bo v cho mi h thng hot ng. Bnh thng c hai h thng cng c s dng nhng ch ly kt qu ca tuyn hot ng, khi xy ra s c th chuyn sang h thng d phng. Bo v M:N: l bo v m ta chia s M h thng d phng bo v cho N h thng hot ng cng chng loi. Khi xy ra s c trn bt k h thng hot ng no th chuyn mch bo v sang mt h thng d phng kh dng. tit kim ti nguyn ta c th s dng M h thng d phng ny cho cc mc ch khc nh: hot ng th nghim dch v mi hoc x l cc cng vic ph c mc yu tin thp.

Da vo cu trc h thng bo v ta c chuyn mch bo v n hng hay c hai hng, loi tr v hay khng tr v; chuyn mch bo v tuyn (PPS) hay bo v on (LPS) Chuyn mch bo v n hng: ch lu lng trn hng truyn dn no c s c th mi chuyn mch bo v sang knh d phng, cn cc tuyn khc khng c s c th gi nguyn. Chuyn mch bo v hai hng: nu c bt k mt hng hot ng no b s c th c hai hng cng chuyn mch bo v sang knh d phng (knh bo v). Bo v c tr v: sau khi chuyn mch bo v sang knh d phng m khi phc li ng truyn s c th lu lng t ng chuyn t knh bo v v knh hot ng c khi phc. Phng php bo v ny thng p dng cho bo v chia s N:M. c bit l 1:N. Bo v kiu khng tr v: sau khi chuyn mch bo v sang knh d phng m khi phc li c ng truyn s c th vn truyn lu lng trn knh d phng. Phng php bo v ny thng p dng cho bo v ring 1+1. Bo v tuyn: ch thc hin chuyn mch bo v ti im kt cui ca tuyn c s c. Bo v on: thc hin chuyn mch bo v ti hai nt k cn vi on b s c, trng hp s c nt th on b s c l hai on lin nhau cha nt .

1.1 Bo v ring
Bo v ring l hnh thc bo v m trong mi knh lm vic c truyn trn hai tuyn khc nhau v knh c cht lng tt nht s c la chn ti u thu, do vy mt na ca dung lng truyn dn trong mng s lun c n nh l dung lng d phng dnh cho bo v (tc l dung lng bo v bng 100% dung lng lm vic).

1.2 Bo v chia s Bo v chia s l hnh thc bo v m trong nhiu h thng hot ng cng s dng chung mt h thng d phng bo v. Chng hn l dung lng d phng hoc bc sng d phng. iu kin bnh thng mi yu cu c nh tuyn ln cc knh hot ng, v dung lng bo v c th c dng truyn lu lng c mc u tin thp. Khi xy ra s c lu lng ti ca tng tuyn truyn dn b s c c chuyn mch ln cc bc sng bo v. Hot ng ny yu cu h tr bo hiu thng bo cho cc nt mng v cc tuyn ng truyn dn b s c th mi m bo chc chn cc bc sng bo v trn cc si khc nhau kt ni chnh xc ti cc tuyn quang yu cu bo v. Trong thi gian ti nguyn d phng c dng bo v mt tuyn hot ng b s c th n khng cn kh dng bo v cho cc tuyn quang hot ng khc cho ti khi tuyn hot ng ban u ny c khi phc li.

1.3 Bo v on ghp knh quang Hnh thc bo v ny c thc hin lp ghp knh quang (OMS), v hay c p dng bo v trong cc mng cung cp mt s lng ln cc knh quang. Tt c cc bc sng (knh WDM) truyn trn si quang b s c cng c nh tuyn li ln mt tuyn si quang tm thi ri ( c xc nh trc). Thc hin chuyn mch bo v khng gian ti b ghp knh WDM (chuyn mch si quang).

1.4 Bo v knh quang Hnh thc bo v ny c thc thi lp knh quang. Mi knh quang c bo v c lp s dng mt chuyn mch ring, dn n tng s cc chuyn mch quang ln nhng cho php la chn cc knh bo v trong b ghp knh v c th tch hp bo v ca cc b pht p vo trong kin trc ny.

2 Cc phng thc bo v theo cu hnh mng 2.1 Bo v lp knh quang 2.1.1 Bo v ring cho cu hnh im - im
Si hot ng Bo v 1+1 hay 1:1
Tx

Si bo v B chia Chuyn mch

Rx

Hnh 2.1 H thng WDM cu hnh ng thng chuyn mch bo v 1+1 Si hot ng Tx Si bo v Knh bo hiu APS Rx Chuyn mch

Chuyn
mch

Hnh 2.2 H thng WDM cu hnh ng thng chuyn mch bo v 1:1

2.1.2 Bo v ring cho cu hnh ring (OCh - DPRing)

Nt A Nt D Nt A Nt D

Nt B Hnh a

Nt C

Nt B Hnh b

Nt C

Si hot ng
Si d phng Si d phng chuyn sang hot ng Hnh 2.3 OCh DPRing hai si n hng iu kin bnh thng v khi c s c

Nt A Nt D

Nt A Nt D

Nt B

Hnh a

Nt C
Si hot ng Si d phng

Nt B
Hnh b

Nt C

Si d phng chuyn sang hot ng Hnh 2.4 OCh DPRing bn si n hng iu kin bnh thng v khi c s c

Lp SDH hoc ATM hoc IP

Lp OCh

Lp OMS

Lp OTS

Hng ty

B ghp knh

Hng ng

B khuch i
Hinhg 2.5 M hnh chc nng ca mt nt OCh DPRing

2.1.3 Bo v chia s cho cu hnh im - im

Knh bo hiu

TX 1
. . .

TX 1
. . .

TX n

TX n

Hnh 2.6 Mng li WDM bo v chia s 1:N

2.1.4 Bo v chia s cho cu hnh ring (OCh - SPRing)

Nt A Nt D Nt A Nt D

2 2

2 2 1

Nt B Hnh a

Nt C

Nt B Hnh b

Nt C

Hnh 2.7 OCh SPRing khi bnh thng v khi s c on

V d truyn thng gia nt A v nt C v xy ra s c nt D. Hnh v 2.8 di y m t:

Nt A Nt D 1 Nt A Nt D 1

2 2

2 2 1

Nt B Hnh a

Nt C

Nt B Hnh b

Nt C

Hnh 2.8 OCh SPRing khi bnh thng v khi s c nt

Lp SDH

OCPC Lp OCh

Lp OMS

Lp OTS
Hng ty B ghp knh Hng ng

B khuch i

Hnh 2.9 M hnh chc nng ca mt nt OCh SPRing k cn vi s c

2.1.5 Bo v chia s cho cu hnh Mesh

Ngung

ch ng hot ng

ng bo v

Hnh 2.10 Bo v ng trong cu hnh Mesh

2.2 Bo v lp on ghp knh quang

2.2.1 Bo v ring cho cu hnh im - im
Trong bo v on ghp knh quang vi cu hnh im - im th chnh l hnh thc bo v knh quang im - im.

2.2.2 Bo v ring cho cu hnh vng ring (OMS - DPRing)

OMS DPRing c th p dng cho ring hai si hoc bn si cp pht cc bc sng khc nhau cho cc lin kt nt - ti nt khc nhau. Bo v c thc thi tng on ghp knh quang nn tt c cc knh quang trn cng mt chng s c bo v ng thi khi xut hin s c. Khi xem xt bo v OMS gia cc OADM trong mt kin trc ring yu cu phi s dng cc chuyn mch kp hoc cc chuyn mch n c h tr bin i bc sng ti mi nt

Xt trng hp n gin nht OMS DPRing hai si s dnh ring mt si bo v cho lu lng truyn trn si hot ng hng ngc li.
Nt A Nt D Nt A Nt D

Nt B
Hnh a

Nt C

Nt B
Si hot ng Si d phng Si d phng hot ng Hnh b

Nt C

Hnh 2.11 OMS DPRing hai si iu kin bnh thng v khi c s c

Khi xut hin mt s c nt hay s c on, cc nt k cn vi s c s nh tuyn li lu lng t trn si hot ng ln si bo v. Di y l m hnh chc nng ca mt nt OMS DPRing.
Lp OCh

Lp OMS

Lp OTS Hng ty B ghp knh B khuch i Hng ng

Hnh 2.12 M hnh chc nng ca mt nt OMS DPRing hai si

2.2.3 Bo v chia s cho cu hnh vng ring (OMS SPRing)

Kin trc ny c th p dng cho ring hai si hoc bn si. Cc lin kt logic trc tip nt - ti - nt c th c thit lp s dng cc bc sng khc nhau, cho php ta xy dng nn cc li logic kt ni mi nt ti nt khc trong ring.

Cc knh dch v

Cc knh bo v

Cc knh dch v

Cc knh bo v

Cc Cc Cc knh knh knh dch bo bo v v v Hnh 2.13 Bo v chia s cc knh quang trong OMS - SPRing

Cc knh dch v

OMS 2 SPRing cho vng ring hai si hai hng.

Chuyn mch 22

Hnh 2.15 Ring hai si hai hng chuyn mch bo v on ghp knh

Khi xut hin s c on, cc tuyn hot ng c nh tuyn ln cc si bo v cng bc sng hot ng.

Hnh 2.16 Ring hai si hai hng bo v s c on OMS 2SPRing

Khi xut hin s c nt th OMS 2 SPRing c thc thi bi chuyn mch 2x2
Bnh thng tuyn hot ng c nh tuyn ln ring ca si pha ngoi, sau khi xut hin s c nt th tuyn c chuyn mch ln ring ca si pha trong ti cng bc sng hot ng.

Hnh 2.17 Ring hai si hai hng bo v s c nt OMS 2 SPRing

Lp SDH hoc IP hocATM

Lp OCh

Lp OMS

Lp OTS Hng ty B ghp knh Hng ng

B khuch i

Hnh 2.18 M hnh chc nng ca mt nt OMS SPRing hai si k cn vi s c

Di y l cc cu hnh ca cc nt c s dng chuyn mch quang

OS 1
OADM

EDFA

OS 2 Si 1

SDXC

OADM

Si 2

EDFA Hnh 2.19 Cu hnh ca mt nt s dng chuyn mch quang22 (cross - bar) OS 1
OADM

EDFA

OS 2

Si 1

SDXC

Si 2
OADM

EDFA Hnh 2.20 Cu hnh ca mt nt s dng chuyn mch quang 21

OS 4

OS 3

OMS 4 SPRing cho vng ring 4 si - hai hng.

Si bo v

Hnh 2.21 Ring bn si hai hng chuyn mch bo v on ghp knh

V d c phin truyn thng hai hng gia nt A v nt C khi xy ra s c on gia nt A v nt D nh hnh v 2.22 trong hnh a l trng hp iu kin bnh thng cn hnh b iu kin xy ra s c. Khi xy ra s c th xut hin knh bo hiu gia nt A v nt D sau hai nt ny thc hin chuyn mch bo v chuyn cc bc sng ln knh d phng. Nt A Nt D Nt A Nt D

Si bo v

Si bo v

Nt B

Hnh a

Nt C Nt B ng bo v th nht hot ng ng bo v th hai hot ng

Hnh b

Nt C

Knh bo hiu Hnh 2.22 Ring bn si hai hng s c on OMS 4SPRing

3 Cc phng php bo v trong kin trc lin kt gia cc lp quang 3.1 La chn cc kin trc mng tham chiu Kin trc OMS SPRing hai mc: hnh 3.2 th hin kin trc OMS-SPRing hai mc

CS - Ring i i k i

CS - Ring

CS - Ring

Hnh 3.1 Kin trc CS - Ring/CS - Ring

Kin trc hai mc li/Ring: hnh 3.3 th hin kin trc li quang/ OMS-SPRing hai mc.

OXC OXC OXC i i k i OMS - Ring OXC

OMS - Ring

Hnh 3.3 Kin trc li quang/OMS - SPRing

Kin trc hai mc Ring/li: hnh 3.4 th hin kin trc OMS-SPRing/ li quang hai mc.

OMS - SPRing i i i k

OXC OXC OXC OXC OXC

OXC OXC OXC

Hnh 3.4 Kin trc OMS SPRing/li quang

Bng3.5 So snh mt s tham s ca bn kin trc mng tham kh.

Cc tham s CS Ring hai mc SDH(VC4/3/12) Khng OMS-SPRing hai mc Quang(OC) b hn ch C (hn ch) Gii hn Bc sng Tt OADM Ring OMS SPRing/ li quang Quang (OC) C (hn ch) Tt Bc sng Tt OXC Ring/OXC/Link Li quang/ OMS SPRing Quang(OC) (VC4/3/12) C Tt Bc sng Tt OXC(SDXC) Ring/OXC/Link

Kt ni Phc hi tng quang Mm do Mc kt ni Mc Thit b Hub Loi mng con

SDH OXC VC4 Thp SDXC Ring

3.2 Lin kt gia cc mng con v vn bo v Hot ng lin kt bo v gia cc min mng quang ph thuc vo chc nng v c tnh ca cc nt kp lin kt gia cc mng con. Nhm n gin ho ch phc tp ny ta ch tp trung vo phn tch kin trc mng vng ring hai si. Trong cc mng quang thc t, hai ring con thng lin kt vi nhau thnh mt ring kp thng qua hai nt OADM v to ln hai kin trc: kin trc ring o (VRA), kin trc tch v chuyn tip. 3.2.1 Bo v vi kin trc ring o(VRA) S lng bc sng mang trn tng quang theo nguyn l ch c mt na nu khng th s khng cung cp c ti nguyn d phng mc d iu ny c th cng lm gim thm mc s dng thp ca cc knh quang khi lng nhu cu tng client khng ln. Kh nng phc hi nhanh cc kt ni client chng li cc s c c thc thi ti mt trong hai tng gn s c hn. Trn thc t trong nhng trng hp ny kin trc hnh 3.6b s truyn mt na s kt ni ca tng client gia hai nt A, B trn bc sng 1 v mt na cn li trn bc sng 2. Do n c th: Phc hi tt c cc kt ni client khi xy ra mt s c nt n hoc s c on n trong mi ring. Ch phc hi mt na cc kt ni client khi xy ra mt s c on lin kt.

Nt A

Nt A

L1

L2

L1

L2

L4

L3

L4

L3

Hnh b Nt B Hnh 3.6 Lin kt dual homing da trn kin trc ring o, (a)p dng cho Hnh a Nt B OC- DPRing, (b) p dng cho OMS - SPRing

3.2.2 Cc kin trc ring o ci tin

Mc ch y l s dng mi bc sng truyn mt na s kt ni tng client nn v mt nguyn l th yu cu ti nguyn ging nh trng hp ca VRA trn OCh DPRing (hoc tt hn tng ng vi OMS-SPRing). Mi mng con (SSN v d mt ring) khng ch phc hi mt s c nt n hoc s c on n, m c th cho php chng li c trng hp nhiu xy ra s c (mi s c trn mt ring) gia nt A v B. Nhng c hai kin trc ny u km hn kin trc s dng VRA trn OCh - DPRing ti cc nt lin kt: ch phc hi mt na s kt ni tng client khi xy ra s c ti v tr lin kt. Nu thc thi bo v cc b 1:N cc knh quang lin kt gia L1 v L3,gia L2 v L4 vt qua im yu ny th gii php ny cng kh hiu qu v mt chi ph.

Nt A

Nt A

L1

L2

L1

L2

L4

L3

L4

L3

Hnh b Nt B Hnh 3.7 Kin trc ring o ci tin, (a) OC- DPRing, (b) OMS - SPRing Hnh a Nt B

4 . PHC HI MNG 4.1 Cc khi nim c bn

Phng thc phc hi knh quang: phng thc ny yu cu thay th mi tuyn quang hot ng b nh hng bi s c bng mt tuyn quang bo v. Vic tm tuyn bo v c th c thc thi bng iu khin phn tn hoc tp trung. Trng hp p dng iu khin tp trung, mt nt iu khin lu gi bn ghi trng thi ca mng v tm cc tuyn bo v ri thng bo cho cc nt mng. Trng hp p dng iu khin phn tn, c nt ngung v ch s r sot ng cc bc sng bo v c yu cu thit lp li tuyn ng b t. Phng thc phc hi on ghp knh quang: phng thc ny yu cu tm kim cc b mt tuyn tm thi kh dng vng qua on b s c. Phng thc ny c thc thi ti cc nt u cui on b s c, s dng mt thut ton phn b tm tuyn thay th tm thi.

ng kt ni gia hai nt

Tuyn hot ng trc khi xy ra s c

Tuyn hot ng sau khi xy ra s c

Hnh 4.1 M t phc hi u cui-ti-u cui i vi s c on lin kt

ng kt ni gia hai nt

Tuyn hot ng trc khi xy ra s c

Tuyn hot ng sau khi xy ra s c

Hnh 4.2 M t phc hi u cui-ti-u cui i vi s c nt

4.3 Phc hi ti nt k cn s c

ng kt ni gia hai nt

Tuyn hot ng trc khi xy ra s c

Tuyn hot ng sau khi xy ra s c

Hnh 4.3 M t phc hi ti nt k cn

4.4 Phc hi ti nt trung gian

ng kt ni gia hai nt

Tuyn hot ng trc khi xy ra s c

Tuyn hot ng sau khi xy ra s c

Hnh 4.4 M t phc hi ti nt trung gian i vi s c on

V kh nng khc phc s c th tt c cc phng php phc hi u p dng c cho mt s c chng. Ring phng php phc hi ti nt k cn s c khng c kh nng i ph vi s c nt. V thi gian hi phc th phng php phc hi ti nt k cn s c c th s dng mc on ghp knh quang (OMS), lin ti it nt hn v thng cho tuyn ng phc hi ngn hn nn p ng hi phc nhanh hn. Di y l bng so snh cc phng php phc hi Bng 4.5 So snh cc phng php phc hi

Phng php phc hi

Nt k cn s c

Nt bin

Dung lng d phng yu cu

Nhiu hn

t hn

Kh nng khc phc s c Thi gian hi phc

Ti hn Ngn hn

Tt hn Di hn