Binary Image Analysis

YOU HAVE TO READ THE BOOK!

reminder

What is a binary image?

An image that has two possible values for each pixel.

Thresholding
A method that creates binary images. An operation that divides pixels into two groups: Foreground pixels and Background pixels

Thresholding
A simple threshold has one value t. Usually: g=image>t;
Pixels with values greater than t are: foreground pixels. Pixels with values smaller than t are: background pixels.

How else can we do it?

Thresholding
Threshold above and threshold below. How do we choose the threshold value?
Simple: mean or median. Histogram.

Adaptive thresholding. Multiband thresholding.

Thresholding
1.

2.

An initial threshold (T) is chosen, this can be done randomly or according to any other method desired. The image is segmented into object and background pixels, creating two sets:
G1 = {f(m,n):f(m,n)>T} (object pixels) G2 = {f(m,n):f(m,n)T} (background pixels) (note, f(m,n) is the value of the pixel located in the mth column, nth row)

3.
4.

The average of each set is computed.

m1 = average value of G1 m2 = average value of G2 T = (m1 + m2)/2

A new threshold is created that is the average of m1 and m2

5.

Go back to step two, now using the new threshold computed in step four, keep repeating until the new threshold matches the one before it (i.e. until convergence has been reached).
Wikipedia (Thresholding)

Histogram
Display of frequencies of pixel intensity values in an image. The number of pixels found for every intensity value.

http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/HIPR2/histg ram.htm

Multiband Thresholding

http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/HIPR2/thre shld.htm

Adaptive Thresholding
Use different threshold values for different regions of the image.

Connected Components Labeling

Used only with binary images. It groups objects in images. Scans the image for similar neighboring pixels.

http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/HIPR2/label .htm

Image Morphology
Analysis and processing of geometrical structures. It is used in binary images. Operations performed by structuring elements on images. Erosion, Dilation, Opening, Closing

Image Morphology
Structuring element example

Image Morphology
Dilation

Image Morphology
Erosion

Image Morphology
Opening

Image Morphology
Closing