vos Monon Mor
complet picture of this Roman ary, sls “connet” many eons
‘sd additonal airy units with the phn in nea”
Tithe pas, scholars studied te magne ofthe Baka Wa by
‘wing a quantitative approach, On the one hand they resewed thea
‘er of legions, aula uns, and Roman sods who Took prt nthe
‘sarang, onthe other hand, they scored the mune of ews nae
005 and ther eae caus
Tn my book onthe Bar-Kathhe Revol: Extent and Effet, pu
Ihe in Hebrew in 1991, one of the major chapters ofthe bovk was
Chapter 2: "The Tesora Extent ofthe revolt = Its Putpants aod
Opposition” The discussion focused on the selon inated the
Jewish populaon daring the revolt Gulls, the Valey of feel the
Coastal Pan, Samaria, Judsea, Jerusalem, and the contebation 10
the revolt made by the non-ewsh population in Eretz Ise: Samar
‘sos, Christns, Jewih-Chratins and pagans. Farbermor, re
sewed the composiion and strength of the Romaa army in aca
Teanser the yes 70-135 CE, ina seve of article about the legos
tnd aulaty us tht took part in crushing the Second Revolt 132
196 CES
“The research rogading the Bar-Kokhb Revolt published since the
appearance of my work did not concentrate onthe subet of the eee
raphical extent of te revot® However over the ast wo ea the has
been areneval of intrest in the subj, and some chaypubletions
Tata ese este St nee
ave aes et eee
Seles Eee ee ae
SS cis Roo tate a
eet ere
Ne ea ey wrt yp
rss Dart Kenaely (ask, The Defence of he Rema ant Byzon Bast. raced
pers as aeecarea Sie a
Seacrest ha seme scimeateho e
ences aaa aa
Pe Mera Mor, "The Roman Lego nd te Bar Kol Reoh (32-135
ee ee ee ae
ea
qo een cane inmeeerera ee
EGE dues penceeirencier Gee
Hehe eee hat comic aes
‘Ph Grp! Sy te Ban ths Ra 1
1m the extent ofthe et were publhed by Werner Bat? and move
inthis atl T wll discus some ofthe arguments and assumptions
‘cated to sues concerning the sae and the exten of te Ba Rothe
Revolt from the Roman point of we. MY remarks wil many ence
trate on questions abou the stength of he Roman amy an lead
ship, and queres about the geographical scope ofthe revolt
Various ares have been writen about the Roman pont of view
toward the revolt in Tuan. Eek sy, meyer, ferent, He fe
views the eltent gd eet of the Bar-Kokhbe rel from a silent
‘angle than the quatitative one T mentioned shove. laste e examin
tbe suength ofthe Second Revolt trough insiihale ~ the comma
ers who beaded the army against the ewishiasurgent. Ecks main
inert isin the general question: How dh the Romaas preset ond
‘alate the victory in Judae’ In addition, he considers eter subject
Sih a Hadrian’ response tothe events in Feds, the lary eto
faker by the Romans to rush the evl, and the googapical ope
thermo
Eck divides the revolt into to pss: I the fin, the Jewish rebels
Id impresine victories over the Reman my, whih sllered ny
‘sues This ceed a state of emergency that drove Haina ine.
i aie yc WES sore Ipc crest
‘i epome ati oman thin Nase Nope’ Line ony
Sonceateanmae oer forces
QE cmeecane cel Somianne
“Stra Bao, Ham Exe "The Geognshial Debt 9¢ the Har Kath
Seah ha ele ata gos ter
TERESOES er iene
Therion Thin cere se
Paratha eee
[47 Simos Appa, Panto wen Sec ons Rat, S13 (6
SAP urie Ta eomecre enna,10 Mecho Mor
‘ee more intensively in order to subdue the revolt, ‘Thersfory inthe
‘esond phase Hadrian tusfrred Jour Sentus his most srr mil
tary and administrative commands, fom Briain to Dudses to com.
‘mand the Roman military offensive that ed to the venta sapresion
Sf the revo According to Eck, thse creamaances an the ay He
rian raced t the revo demonstrate the magnitude ofthe Second
Revolt
Eck evaluated the strength ofthe revot through the following fates
1. The extraordinary transfer ofthe governor of Brain, Sextus
Severus, to command the Roma army in Judien.
IL. Mandstory recruitment ia diferent repons of te empire as ev
deace ofthe shortage of soldiers probably resuling fom military
Fares daring the revo
UL. The bestoning of high military ornaments on the governors of the
neighboring provinces: Syia and Arabi. This could be vewed 2s
possible evdene of thei distinction i the revolt id maybe as a
Indication of the partcpation ofthe ews nts provines i the
ret
1. The inscription from Te Shale sgh othe events inthe region
of Te Shalem and the Galee
¥. The changing of th name of the provins from uaa to Syit-
Palusting wasn unusual punishment, which rv theses te
sms of de Emperor tothe events ia Juche,
1 what follows wl review these factors separately.
1
Dio Cass, Roman History, $9: 12-14
{Ain the Romans took wo acu of ther Soop, omen flues ha
toi ned op rie ws eure sowing Spo dtabuice ee
[items peer td hing edn of get hese Rana psy
Strand purty by owt a muy ene natin, et ooy
{wow eames or nae he worth one sas yw ag
he oer the mater Tha nd, Mary ne glee hop
sr if tw he Soo ws dpe fom ia, he
“The excerpt cit above is by Cassius Dio, 160-280 CF; the Byzsatne
monk Xiphtaus, whe vedi te seventh century, probly remote
"Se lo Cena Raman Hy, 512-4 rated y Exe
‘us i Combe MA Has Toray Pe 1
Th Gngupic Se of te Bah a
‘The autem ofthis source Is questionable Nevertheless, Bek tree
ted tas auhent evidence that deseibes te el a4 majr challenge
forthe Roman army, It maintains that Roman self-see and pride were
injred by the temerity ofa sal nation and inspnfant prin hat
‘ated to revolt forthe died tine. Thos felngs were arated by the
iiary Tare of he fst phase of the rele ands fv yen Guta
‘ek emphasized these words of Casas Div
‘hen, dean sot sa hen hi es oral Pe of ee ws
‘al Sven noe the or Hr. ek be spore vest
ielew
He argues that he past stovians ofthe Seon Revolt ignored thse
words ahout Hadrian Sending his bes! general gina the lew, Genera
in plum, though Cassius Dio continues to dserte only one oft,
‘Sextus Jus Severus Jui Severus the governor of the province Be
stan, was sent to Judea to crush the Jewish reo His mitary
‘cheverents im Judaca earned him the highest miliary decorations
the mame tampa
‘The career of Tubs Severus is impesive. He hl some military p=
pointinens in Upper Panna dering the yeas 120-136, Adena he
tes the governor ofa practosan province, Upper Dacin. In 127 he as
Cons Retwen 128-132, he served as gorernor of» eensarprovinee
in Lower Messi. Laie he was transfecred to Britain whe he ha
thre Tegions und 0 aor ua under hit miitary command
Ten fet ah eter et a ei
se ate ya, ei he
einem eek ac suemmt a
(acces ka asia na daa tes
° Sor ck. TE note 9, who, tes: Yaros El, “Ha
eee
Sioa same tian Ragone
Best et ed pa inte mater Despie this Eck wie thats “Ts iw the
uo Ss RCL Itt ers
‘a Crars of ama Sy ra age Spt Sons Bon Dr Real
eh ee ere eae
Seas en ie oe eae
Sar cor ee ee ee
sebastien ets one