1

7 2012
:

1
1.1-1.2-1.3
.
1.1

,
:
.
.
.
. .
( 5)

1.2

:
.
.
.
. .
( 5)

1.3

" " :
.
.
.
. .
( 5)

1.4

() ()
:
. Rutherford
.
. Thomson
.
. Bohr,

.

4
2

He) .

.
( 10)

1 3

 2
2.1

:
+

1
0

.....

235
92

14
7

92
...

...
56

Ba

17
8

Kr

301n

1
1

H
( 8)

2.2

,
:

(MeV)
127,61
236,93
492,25
1801,72

(MeV)
7,97
8,46
8,79
7,57

:
.

.
( 2 + 6)

2.3

,
n1, n2, n2 >n1. 1>2, 1
2 .
( 9)

3
610 14 Hz,
.
1,5.
3.1 .
3.2
.
3.3
2 3

.
: c =3108 m/s
( 8 + 8 + 9)

4
,

. , f=2,951015 Hz,

n=1 1= -13,6 eV.
4.1

(n=3)
.

4.2

4.3

n =1,
.

4.4

Plank: h=4,110 -15eVs

( 6 + 6 + 6 + 7)

3 3


1
1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

. , . , . , ., .

2.1

235
92

1
0

4
2

He +

.141
56

Ba

14
7

92
36

Kr

17
8

301n

1
1

().

2.2

.
2.3

n1 1 n1 1 n2
=
=
2 2 n1
2 =
n2
n2
1 =

n2 >n1 1>2

co
3 108
1
=
= 10 6 m
14
f
2
6 10

3.1

co = f =

3.2

n=

3.3

1 6
10
o
1
=
= 2
= 106 m
n
1,5
3

co
c
3 108
c= o c=
c = 2 108 m/ s
c
n
1,5

4
4.1

E3

n=3
n=2

E2
E1

n=1
15

4.2

E = h f = 4,110

2,951015 = 12,09eV

4.3

E a E = h f E a = E1 + h f Ea = 13,6 + 12,09 E a = 1,51eV

4.4

Ea =

E1
E
13,6
n2 = 1 n2 =
n2 = 9 n = 3
2
Ea
1,51
n

4 3