® G AD 2000-Merkblatt ICs 23.020.30 October 2000 edition Safety devices against excess pressure — Bursting safety devices — Equipment, installation and marking of pressure vessels ‘AD 2000-Merkbiatt Al ‘Te AD 2000-Merkblatter ara prepared bythe saven associations tec below who together form the “Arbetsoemenschat Druckbensstr (Ad). The stuciure and tre application ef te AD 2000 body o regulations and te procedural guidelines re covered by AD 2000-Merkblett 1 The AD 2000-Merkoliter cortain safety requirements to be met under normal operating conditions. if above-normal nacngs are tobe expected dturing the operation of ie pressure vessel, this shall be teken iio account by mesting special requirements, tere are any alvergerces tom the requirements of is AD 2000-MerkDat shal De possible fo prove tat the standard of safety of this bee of regulations has bocn maniained by other means, eg. by materiale lasting, tate, arass analysis, operating oxperionco. Fectveroand Danprkessor, Benaier und Ronrieturgsteu €.V. (OBR), DUsseldort Haupeverband der gewerbichen Beruisgenossenschatten eV, Sankt Augustiy Veroand der Chemischen Industrie e.¥. (VOI), Franktut/Main Verband Deutscher Maschinon- und Aniagentau 6.V. (VDMA, Fachgomeinschat Verahronttechnischo Maschinen ure Apparate, Frankturilan Versin Deutscher Eisentuteneute (VOEN), Ousselcort aa Powerrech ev, Essen Verband der Technischen Oberwachungs-Verene e.¥. (VaTUV), Essen. ‘Te avove assosiasons corinuousty upcate me AD 2000-Merkolater M tne win rechnical progress. Please adcress any proposals for tis to the publchor: Verband der Technischen Uberwachungs-Vereine e.¥., P.0. Box 103834, D-45038 Essen. Contents: 0 Foreword 1 Scope 2 General 9 Types of bursting elements and vacuum ‘connections 4 Clamping devices 5 Utilization, use and arrangement of burating ealety devices 0 Foreword ‘The AD 2000 body of regulations can be applied to satisiy the basic safety requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive, principally for the conformity assessment in accordance with Modules “G" and “B+ F° “The AD 2000 body of regulations etructured along tho lines of aseff-containad concep. I cther technical rules are used In accordance withthe state of te ar to solve reiaied prod- ms, its assumed that the overall concept has been taken into account, “The AD 2000 body of regulations can be usec es eppropriate for other modules ofthe Prosaure Equipmant Directive or for diferent sectors of the law. Responsinliy for testing 's 2s ‘peoified inthe provisions ofthe relevant sector ofthe law. 8 Manufacturer's tost 9 Marking 40 Croas sections and lines 2 General 2.1 Bursting safety devices according to this AD 2000- Merblatt shall automaticaly prevent the maximum allowabla pressure being exceeded by more than 10%. Bursting satety devices shall operate reliably on the basis of the individual modo of oparation of the prassure space and espedially the charge material, the pressure and the tern- perature and shall be able 1o remove the mass flow to be eliminated in en emergency. ‘The reliilty as regards correct operation can be estab- lished by a type test in accordance withthe “Guidelines for type testing of bursting eafety devices’ (seo Append 1 to this AD 2000-Merkblat')) forthe proposed pressurerange 22 Bursting safety devices comprise a bursting element ‘and 2 clamping cevice:). Vacuum connections. knife-edge 2 Busing sy Seows a eoaintisAD 200 a ony He canoe hor Cal Heya Verag has ton al oaeratle 2 1 Scope sg Thc AD2000-Moblatt appiceto bursting safelydovceeas ) Rowatic 4 ste acceso agaral exces prstre. 3 36 ze | po mo etter are rte iy ont Tha iis fue pl ony rslaton. rpc ocart ol ies tania roo: 2p) Smeaton cents pases mee soem B43 | Seeeweresmeecteg aecremute saropes rere morc noe utr an menor nacus eames 89 | Serre ina orascemaneereAD 2000-Merkblatt avices and trapping devices can also be component parts of a bursting safety device ‘The bursting elements are ruptured by thair response and this resuits in sucien release of the relief cross-section. In contrast with safely valves, the rele! cross-section remains ‘open alter the responce of the bursting cafoty dovioos, For design reasors, bursting discs may be ejected or retained oy the clamping dovice. 23 The use bursting safety devices wil be considered ites (1) a rapid pressure rise has to be token into account, (2) the operating conditons can result in deposits and jam ming which might impair the efficiency of ether eatety dovices against excess pressure, (2) there are increased seal requirement, (4) large relet cooss-sections are necessary. 3 Types of bursting elements and vacuum. connections 3.1. Dished bursting 3.1.1 Concave-dished bursting discs In ts type of bursting disc, tne concave side is on tne pres- sure side of the sysiem being protected. The disc fails winen the reaponae prossute is reached. 3.4.2 Convex-dished bursting discs (reversing bursting discs) In t¥s type of disc, t's the convex side which is on the pres- ‘ure ide of the system being protected. The dished suriace ollects and bocomes concave when the response prossuro is reached. The dise ruptured, @.9, by stking knife-edges oF by being ruptured by protusions. 32. Plane bursting discs 3.2.1 Plano bursting dises made of a tough ductile material This type of cise, installed plano, deforms and ruptures whon the response pressure is reached as a resuit of its tensile strength deing exceeded. 2.2.2. Plane bursting dises made of a brittienon-duetile material ‘This type of dso, installed plane, breaks when the response: Pressure Is reached as a result of ts flexural and shear strength being exceeded. 3.3 Bursting alscs witn a vacuum connection ‘The bursting discs mentioned in Sections 3.1 and 3.2 may also be fitted with a vacuum connection. Vacuum connec- tions which are not estroyed when the bursting dsc responds allow the pressure of the system being protected to act on the bursting elements through apertures. If the vacuum connection remains undamaged when the bursting salety device responds, it can be reused with an element of the seme type once the destroyed bursting element hasbeen replaced. However, frst o allan nspoction to oncure that fhe ‘connection is undamaged and that the fit between the ‘connecion and bursting elements salistactory shall be per- formed. ‘Vacuum connections which are dastrayad when the bursting ‘disc responds extensively relleve the flow cross-section. 3.4 Other bursting elements (ther bursting oloments include e.g. breaking caps, ruptur- ing bolts and buckling rads. Clamping devices may have a substantia eftect on the mini: ‘mum prossure of rosponso ofthe bursting olemert. Consa- quertly, bursting elements should be instaled in clamping devices spectied by the manufacturer or in the type test in order to guarantee safe functioning Structural measures shall be taken to design bursting el2- ments which might compromise correct operation f they are fitted the wrong way round in the clamping device in order to ensure that itis impossible to fit thom in tho clamping device the wrong way round, 8.9. by designing the clamping surfaces so that they are asymimettical or postive locking, 5 Utilization, use and arrangement of bursting safety devices 54 General The menulacturer shell supply written instructions for the ‘rancport, storage, inetallaion end paration ofthe devices. 52 Utlization 521. Response pressure and operating pressure ‘Tho response proscure fos within a tolerance range having maximum and minimum limit values speciied by the manu- faciurer. The maximum response pressure snal be selectec s0 that the maximum allowable pressure of the pressure space being protoctod is not oxcooded by moro than 10% (cf. Section 7). To ensure the service if, the minimum response pressure shall be adequately in excess ofthe maxi- mum pressure obtained during operation (maximum working pressure) 522 Service lite The sani lite of the bursting element is 2 function of the 'ype ot bursting salety device, he creep strenath ofthe burst- ing element and the operating conditions. Fluctuating load- ing, tomperaturo influences and corrosion wil eignficantly recluce sarvie® Iie. As the service ifs can only ba precictec approximately, the bursting safely Gevice should be renewed fl appropriate intervals 523. Temperature influence Bursting elements are characterized by a matovialspociic eperdance of the response pressure on the temperature. They shall be designed for a specific pressure taking tem: perature into account Ifthere is more than one operating state tobeprotected, 2. ~ a single Given pressure at diferent temperatures, or ~ diferent pressures between bursting elements and pres- sure vessel space to be protected, ~ the effect of embient temperature, room temperature or temperature due to the weather on the bursting element, allowance shall be made for these factors, 3) Forests we On 320, v= AD 2000-Merkblatt 5.24 Rapid rise in pressure In the case of bursting safety devices used to safeguard against a possbie rand rise in pressure, the parameters of Importance in designing the bursting safety device. e.g increase in pressure over time and flow of material to b= diapoced cf, are to be determined — whore applicable through suitable measuremants carried out on test vessels. In tho absence of reliable data in this connection and i no other measures are possive, he cross section shall be increased appropriately. ‘The arrangement, response characteristics, geometry and maximum pressure response iniluence the refef trom press- Ute, Itis permissible to subdivide the required relot cross- section ever more than one bursting safety device. The Dbjactive should be to ensure thatthe bursting elements are stuck perpencicularly by any pressure wave which may 525. Stressing by backpressure or vacuum lYabursting safety device may also be siressed by backpres- sureor vacuum, the bursting safely device shall be designed lor this stressing or a type which has a vacuum connection shall bo used. Tho edges ofthe aperturesin the vacuum con- nection shall be machined in such a way as to provert damage and thus eny premature response of the bursting discs. In determining the necessary cross section, alowance shall be made for tho decrease in the iree flow erase-section due to the remaining patt of the vacuum connection after burstine. 53 Arrangement of bursting safety devices 5.3.1 Any fragments formed on rupture of the bursting ele- ‘meni shall not cause any nazard. Any leaking medium shall be disposed of safely 532 Bursting elements shall be easily renewable. They shall be protactad against damage and other external actors (e.g. deposits, pecbitation). 5.44 Combinations of safety valves and bursting safety devices Combinations of safety valves and bursting safety devices are used to protected the safety vaive from negative influen- ces, = for media which are inclinodte cick, eneruater cause crt = for media with sclid particles; — for corresive media; ~ i panicular sealingis required for a medium endior empy- ing of the eystem i to be prevented, 5.4.1 Examples of combinations 5.4.1.1 Bursting safety devices can be arranged ether before or aiter the safety valve, A bursting device-safety valve-pursting device arrangement is also possible. 34.1.2. Parallel arrangement of safety valve end bursting safety device This arrangements chosen. for example when thepossibiity of arepi¢ pressure rise in accordance with Section 5.2.4 haa. to bo ellowod for. Tho safety valve serves as a primary response safety device. The nominal response pressure of the bursting element is normally higher than that ofthe safety Ao soeoeniat 1 10.200 saton Pape 2 5.42 Requirements for the combinations 5.4.2.1 Where possible nor-tragmenting burstingelements shall be used for Dursing safety elements before safety valves Suitable measures (0.9, capture dovices) shal be used for fragmentng bursting elementsto ensure thatthe setety valve cannot be rendered inoperative by fragments othe bursting element ‘The clearence or volume between tne bursting safety device and safety valve shall be chosen such that a correct opening Of the bursting oloment is onsured. The recommendations ot the manufacturer shal also be observed. Itshall be possible to draw off any condensate wich forms botwoon the bursiing dise and safoty val, 5.42.2 Feed lines and bursting salety devices belore Bafoty valves. shell bo dosigned in accordance with ‘AD 2600-Meriblatt A 2such thatthe pressure lossinthefeed ling at te maximum drawn off mass Now does not exceed 3% oj he pressure Gifference beimeen the maximum allow able pressure and the externl backpressure. The influence on the pressure loss by pars ofthe bursting elements which remain in the clamping device after the clement has responded allowed for ifthe croas-section of the clamping devices corresponds tothe folowing conditions and the bursting elemert is mounied directly before the safely valve. Aon: > 15-Ay Gy Burcting dsc Safely valve Aron Geometric crose-secton of bursting ole ‘ments (restrictions in the cross-secton, 0. dve to sealing devices or non-destuc- tible vacuum connections are allowed for restctions in cross section, for example duo to parts of tho bursting olomont which remain ater the bursting safety device has operated, are not alowed for) « ution coeticient in accordance wih Fig.2 Ao Narrowest flow cross section of safety valve & Outfiow coetfcient of safety valve 5.42.3. Ihe applicant wishes, an outflow coeticient for a specific combination of bursting salety device and safety valve can be determined by testing 5.4.2.4 Ila Dusting safely device is positioned belore or atter a safety valve, a special device shall be provided (2.3. froa roloase, alarm prascure gauge) to datect any Isak o response ofthe bursting element, since any backpressure in the space between both safety devices woud change the response pressure of the bursting safely device or safety valve. ‘The bursting pressure of the bursting safety device on the cutlet end of a safety valve shal be substentialy lower than the response prassure ofthe safely valve and shal be selected such that the response behaviour of the safety valve isin disturbed by a build up inback pressure between the selely vaive and bursting safely device (dve to leakage © the onset of blow-of). In this case the flow loss in the biow-of line shall not excaed the permissible backpressure Of the safety valve specified ty tne manutacturer. 5.4.3 Combinations of safaty valves with othor bursting elements shall ba treated as appropriate in accordance with Section 3.4