1

Example: Solving LCCDE

Hsiao-feng Francis Lu
04/19/2011
Solve the following LCCDE
y[n]
1
4
y[n 1]
1
8
y[n 2] = x[n] + x[n 1]
with x[n] = (1)
n
u[n].
I. HOMOGENEOUS SOLUTION
From the characteristic equation we have
r
2

1
4
r
1
8
=
_
r
1
2
__
r +
1
4
_
Hence the zeros are
1
2
and
1
4
, and
y
c
[n] = c
1
_
1
2
_
n
+ c
2
_

1
4
_
n
.
II. PARTICULAR SOLUTION: USING ENUMERATION
Let Y () be the enumeration of y
p
[n], i.e.
Y () =

n
y
p
[n]
n
and X() be the enumeration of x[n]. Since x[n] = (1)
n
u[n],
X() =

n0
(1)
n

n
=
1
1 +
.
From LCCDE we have
Y ()
_
1
1
4

1
8

2
_
= X() (1 + )
Hence
Y () =
1 +
_
1
1
4

1
8

2
_
(1 + )
=
1
1
1
4

1
8

2
2
=
2
3
1
1
1
2

+
1
3
1
1 +
1
4

It then shows
y
p
[n] =
_
2
3
_
1
2
_
n
+
1
3
_

1
4
_
n
_
u[n]
It should be noted that
y
p
[n] Y
c
=
_
y
c
[n] = c
1
_
1
2
_
n
+ c
2
_

1
4
_
n
: c
1
, c
2
C
_
The overall solution is given by
y[n] = y
c
[n] + y
p
[n] = c
1
_
1
2
_
n
+ c
2
_

1
4
_
n
+
_
2
3
_
1
2
_
n
+
1
3
_

1
4
_
n
_
u[n]
III. PARTICULAR SOLUTION: USING DUHAMEL PRINCIPLE
We rst nd the impulse response of the system, i.e., we nd the solution to
h[n]
1
4
h[n 1]
1
8
h[n 2] =
K
[n] +
K
[n 1]
Again, from enumeration we have
H() =
1 +
1
1
4

1
8

2
=
2
1
1
2

1
1 +
1
4

and
h[n] =
_
2
_
1
2
_
n

1
4
_
n
_
u[n]
Then it can be shown that
y
p
[n] = h[n] x[n] =
_
2
3
_
1
2
_
n
+
1
3
_

1
4
_
n
_
u[n]
IV. PARTICULAR SOLUTION: USING DTFT
Taking DTFT at both sides gives
Y ()
1
4
e

Y ()
1
8
e
2
Y () = X() + e

X()
Hence
Y () =
1 + e

1
1
2
e

1
8
e
2
X() =
_
2
1
1
2
e


1
1 +
1
4
e

_
X()
It then takes some effort to show that
a
n
u[n]
DTFT

1
1 ae

( in generalized sense )
and concludes
y
p
[n] =
_
2
_
1
2
_
n

1
4
_
n
_
u[n] x[n] =
_
2
3
_
1
2
_
n
+
1
3
_

1
4
_
n
_
u[n]