Tap chi phan tich Hoa, Ly va Sinh hoc - Tép 18, 86°3/2008 vé MUc HAM LUQNG PHONG XA TRONG LUONG THUG THUG PHAM CHU Yu 6 MOT SO VUNG SINH THAI CUA VIET NAM Déh tod soan 17 - 8 - 2008 Nguyén Trong Ngo, Nguyén Thanh Binh, Trudng ¥, Nguyén Van Phac, Lé Nhu Siéu, Mai Thi Hudng, Nguyén Thi Linh, Phan Son Hai, Nguyén MOng Sinh Vign Nghién citu Hat nhén Lé Ngge Chung Truimg Dai hoc Dé Lat SUMMARY ON RADIONUCLIDES CONCENTRATION IN THE MAIN KINDS OF FOODS & FOODSTUFFS IN SOME ECOLOGICAL REGIONS OF VIETNAM To acquire the existing radioactivity data in the main kinds of foods & foodstuffs samples is a necessary task for assessing the environment impact. For this reason, in the period of 2004 - 2008, the Ministry of Science and Technology had approved a project on “Investigation on radionuclides and toxic elements concentration in the main kinds of foods & foodstuffs of Vietnam”. The goals of the project had been focused on: (1) determination of “K, **Pb, "Po, Ra, U, Th, "Sr, "Cs, %82Py, radionuclides and As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Se, Sb, Zn elements in the samples collected from the Southern of Vietnam (Lam Dong, Ninh Thuan, Ho Chi Minh City, Tien Giang, Can Tho and Tra Vinh); and (2) assessment of primarily the public committed effective doses caused by consumption of foods & foodstuffs in the above regions. About 1250 data of above mentioned radionuclides concentrations in 140 samples collected at 6 selected sites are summarized and presented in this paper. In general, the levels of radionuclides in the samples are much lower as compared with the ICRP’s Guidline levels. 1.M6 DAU mite hién hitu cée déng vj phéng xg ty nhién va Thu nh4n céc s@ ligu vé mic hién hitu céc nguyén to ph6ng x9 va che nguyén 16 gc hai trong lugng tlc thc phém (LTTP) 1a méi quan tam cia nhiéu nuéc trén thé giéi. Dac bigt déi véi cée nuée trong giai doan lap ké hoch, tién hogt déng va hoat déng chuong trinh ving dung Ky thuat va Nang lugng Hat nhan déu phai tién hanh céc vige: (1) Thiét lap 30 nhan tao trong cdc déi tugng méi trudng va LTTP; (2) Nghién ettu céch thie cung efip va sit dung cfc logi LTTP khée nhau; (3) Chi ra cée déng vi phéng xa hiém, con dudng hiém va nhom dan cut hiém tic 1a nhom c6 kha ning cao bj nhi8u do théi quen dn ung va do nhing ly do x4 hdi, kinh t€ khéo; va (4) Nghién citu ap dung cic h@ sé vi méu (model) van chuyénnuclide phéng xa tit LTTP vao cv thé ngudi dé danh gid ligu nhiém trong dan ching do an udng. Nhiéu nuée cing da dita viée x4c dinh hoat 46 phéng xa trong céc logi LTTP chi you vao chugng trinh kiém sot théng 1é va x4c lap mtic cho phép trong néng san thyc phdm [1, 2]. Di véi nude ta, trong cae nam 2004-2005 BO Khoa hoc va Céng nghé da cho phép tién hanh dé tai “Thong ké diéu tra phéng xa va céc nguyén té dc hai trong mét sé logi Itong thuc thye phdm cha yéu ciia Vit Nam” nhim danh gid thyc. trang mite hign hitu ede nguyén t6 phéng:xa va cdc nguyén té déc hai chinh trong mét s0-loai LTTP cha yéu 3 mgt sf ving sinh thai dién hinh cia Viét Nam — ving Déng Nam. BO (Ninh Thuan, Lam Déng, Tp. Hé Chi Minh) va ving Déng bing Séng Citu Long (Tién Giang, Can Tho, Tra Vinh), Bai bdo trinh bay chi tiét-vé mite ham lugng cée nguyén t6 phéng xa trong mt s6 loai LTTP chi yéu cua Viét Nam théng qua vige thye hign dé tai nay. 2. THYC NGHIEM 2.1, Thu gop va xt ly mau 2.1.1. Lua chon dja diém Vige hya chon dia diém dé tién hanh thuc nghiém da duge nhém thye hign dé tai théng nh&t dua trén mét sd co sf sau: 1) Khdu phén 4n ca ngudi Viét Nam theo cdc ving sinh thai; 2) Thye trang va quy hoach phat trién kinh té — xa hi cla Vigt Nam. ‘Trén co sé vé khdu phan an cia ngudi Viet ‘Nam phan theo ving sinh thai va céc dic diém phét trién kinh té xd héi cua timg ving [8, 4], 06 6 dja diém da duge Iya chon dé tién hanh khao sat thuc nghiém trong 2 ném ddu thyc hign dé tai 1A: Ninh Thuan, Lam Déng, Tp. Hé Chi Minh, Tién Giang, Can Tho va Tra Vinh. 2.1.2. Lua chon déi tugng vé thu gép mau Tiéu chi dé Iya chon: + Dya vao khu phan dn ngudi Vigt Nam; - Dya vao phan ving sinh thai; + Dua vao cdc dac diém phat triém kinh t& xa hi cita timg vang; + Céc loai LTTP chinh va e6 tinh chét phd - Thuan tién cho viée xit ly m4u phan tich. ‘Trén co sd d6, c6 cde logi LITP chinh da dude lya chon dé tién hainh khdo sét 1a: 1) Mau gao: Mau chon thu gép 1a cdc loai gao té vA gao nép. Méi mau thu gép khoang Bkg. 2) Mau luong thye khéc va khoai ca: Miu chon thu gép la b&p va khoai lang. Méi mau thu gép khoang 10kg tusi. 8) Mu rau than, hoa, 14: Mau chon thu gép Ja rau cdi xanh va rau mudng, Méi m&u thu gop khodng 15kg tuci. 4) Mu rau ca, qua, hat: Mdu chon thu g6p Ja khoai tay, ci cdi, c& rét, qua dau, qua bi dd. ‘Mi miu thu gép khodng 15kg tudi, 5) Mu qua chin: Mu chon thu gép 1a chudi va du di, Méi mu thu gop khoang 15 kg tdi. 6) Mu thjt: Mau chon thu gép Ia thit ga, lgn, bo. Mai mu thu gép khodng 5kg tuci. 7) Mau sita: Mau chon thu gép 1A cdc loai sita bot dinh duéing Vinamilk sin xudt tai Viet Nam, sita Anléne sin xusit tai Newzealand, sita Meiji sdn xudt tai vc, Mai mAu thu gép khodng akg. 8) Mau ca cdc logi: Mau chon thu gop 1a cd Iée, cf basa, cé diéu héng, cd kéo, eé bong cé. bac ma, c& nye, Mdi mau thu gég khoang 5kg tuidi. 9) Mau hai sn khde: Mu chon thu gép la tom, sd huyét, myc. Méi mAu thu gop khodng 5kg tudi. ‘Téng cong khoang 140 mAu duge thu gop. bi 812.1.3.Xd ly mau [ 5, 6, 7] Mau 6 nguén géc thite vat: Mau da thu gp duge lam sgch bing cdch rita mAu véi nuée efit, dé rao hoge cho vio may ly tam tach nude sau d6 xée dinh trong Iugng tudi. Mau duge s&y trong ta sdy 6 nhigt 46 60°C Gn khé (khoang tit 48-72 gid), cfin dé xéc dinh khOi higng kh6 sau d6 nghién min, Trfch ra mét phdn mau dé phan tich ”°Po, phdn con lai ditge nung 8 400°C trong 24 gid, phdn méu nay ding dé phan tich cée nguyén té Sr, Cs, 2p y29Ra, U, Th. Mau 6 nguén gée déng vat: ‘M&u sau khi dita vé phong thi nghiém duge rita bing nude cat. Déi véi céc logi nghéu, sd duge ngam trong nude céit 12 gid dé loai bé ban. dt ra khéi rudt cha né truée khi mé xé. Tach phan xuong va vd, chi lay phén thit; dang gidy loc dé thm kh6 nuéc bam dinh phfa mat ngoai cha mu réi xéc.dinh khéi htgng tuci truéc khi dua vao sfy. Mau duge say trong ti séy 6 nhiét do 60°C dén khd (khoang 72 gid), cin dé xéc dinh khéi lugng khé sau dé nghién min. Trich ra mét phan m4u dé phn tich "Po, phan con. lai duge nung & 400°C trong 24 gid, phdn mau nay ding dé phan tich cic nguyén té Sr, "Cs, $9924°Pu,8Ra, U, Th. 2.2. Phuong phap phan tich Phuong phép chi tiét dé phan tich “Sr, Cs, %2Py "Ra, U, Th va "Po véi cae thit tuc QA/QC duge trinh bay chi tiét trong cong trinh cita ching t6i [8]. 3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 9.1, Vé mite ham lugng phong xa trong LTTP Két qua trung binh va dai ham Iugng vé ham lugng cac déng vj phéng xa trong mot sf adi tugng LTTP chinh (khoang 10 loai) tai cdc ving thye nghigm 4 phfa Nam Vigt Nam duge trinh bay trong bang I &II. Bang 1. Gid tri trung binh va ddi ham lugng cde déng vi phong xa trong LTT- d mét 86 ving phia Nam Viét Nam Ham lugng (Bqfeg tuct) Sit | Nhém luong thye, thyc phidm v Th ‘aK pp 7p | Geet ora7eooa7 | o3x0007 | 2idett | 01ers00%9 | 0517+0.103 002+0,380 | 0,002+0,060 | 13,0535.9 | 00750420 | 0263+1,260 o,rzax0024 | 0,02720,005 | 3aaet9 | o.24620.062 | _0.75420,151 02 | Lama thee knot 0,040+0320 | 0,020+0,050 | 158-1535 | _0,195+0,390 | 0.403-1.077 ao Kreal c.99020,020 |_o.03es0,008 | 57.7229 | o,t95u0.049_| _0.58120.116 0200.10 | o110,110 | 339-800 | _0.075:0.564 | 0250+1,494 0,14310,029 | 0,1302026 | 764238 | 0.260006 _| _0,796:0,160 4 _| Ravin ea. i6 902+0,73 | 0012-0420 | 355-1095 | 0002-0468 | 0022+1,827 .asz0020 | 0,t1620023 | 76037 | 017520044 | _041120,082 05 | Rau qué at o.902+0.204 | 0,002:0928 | 3241700 | o020416 | 0,015+2,376 ce louse 0,12220.024 | oorso1s | 92.246 | 0,14820,037_| _0,458%0,002 0,002+0.227 { _0,002:0.245 | _95,7:142.8 | _0,020+0459__| _0,065+1,377 , orseroast | 064x013 | 71ge34 | 040720,102 | 0.97840.106 O7_| Talede oa 0.002+0577 | 0,002+0210 | _41,7+110,7 | _o021+1.263. cae 31140775 | ot0%0062 | 365.5218.3 <0,002 2,300+4,500 | 0,002+0,310 | 250,9+496.0 0,002 Choad o.36ss0,073 | _o77ax0.170 | 674234 | _07520,104 ° 0,0020,729 | 0,00243.220 | 33,2041 | 0.224+1,605 | _0,782410,275 10 | Waichnnse 0.23340,046 | 023020048 | 394120 | 091910230 | ~ 6,28521,057 0.002050 | 001660702 | 11,70805 | 02071917 | 0624-11508 * Don vi tinh cho gao, Ivong thite khde va sita la Bq /kg khd. 32