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    4 views13 pages

    Square Loop Antenna 1961

    Uploaded by

    Albert Vullers

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 13
    RADIATION FIELD OF THE CORNER-DRIVEN SQUARE LOOP ANTENNA* by Suxssa PrasaD, Cruft Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Communicated by S. R. Khastgir, F.N.L) (Received January 28, 1961) ApsTRACT ‘The radiation properties of the square loop driven in the zeroth phase sequence (voltages in phase at all four corners), the second phase sequence (alternately in and out of phase at tho corners) and @ simple euperposition of the two phase sequences are studied. Assuming zeroth- order current distributions, the theoretical far-zone field has been obtained for each phase sequence and for the superposition. Tho square loop was used es a receiving antenna in ‘obtaining the experimental radiation patterns for the same cases. In general, there is good agreement between theory and experiment, In somo cases the contributions due to the trans- mission lines driving the loop is such that the experimental pattern does not agree with theory. ‘However, when the effect of the transmission lines is taken into account, the corrected theoretical pattern agrees well with experiment. I, Tazory In calculating the radiation field of corner-driven square loop antennas, three cases are considered : (1) a loop driven in the zeroth phase sequence (equal voltages in phase at the four comers), (2) a loop driven in the second phase sequence (equal voltages alternately in and out of phase at the four comers), and (3) a simple superposition of these two phase sequences where voltages at the two diagonally opposite corners are zero and the other two voltages are equal and in phase, In analysing the squére loop antenna as a receiving antenna, the restriction that the loop be in the far-zone of the trans- mitter is imposed. Then, just as in the cage of the dipole antenna, the great separation makes the effect of currents in the receiving antenna on the currents in the driven antenna negligible. The field is calculated theoretically for the transmitting square loop but in the experiment the loop was used as a receiving antenna, However, it is known by the Rayleigh-Carson reciprocity theorem that the directional pattern of the radiation field of a transmitting antenna of a given size and structure is the same as the directional pattern of a receiving antenna of the same size and structure. Therefore, it is possible to * Tho research reported in this paper was made possible through support extended to Harvard University jointly by the Navy Department (Offics of Naval Research), the Signal Corps of the United States Army and the United States Air Force under Contract Nonr—1866- (32). VOL. 28, 4, No. 1. PRASAD: RADIATION FIELD O¥ THE CORNER-DRIVEN SQUARE LOOP ANTENNA 121 compare the theoretical and experimental radiation field. ‘The vector potential and electric field in the radiation zone are related in the following way : E = —jwA, where Hi is the electric field and A is the veetor potential. It is therefore sufficient to calculate the vector potential in order to obtain the magnitude of the electric field. It should be noted that # =— grad ¢—jwA, but in the radiation zone, only the tangential component of the electric field is of interest and the term grad ¢ is therefore neglected. ‘The general integral which is used for the calculation of the vector potential is : () In order to obtain a more accurate solution for the vector potential, the first- order solutions of the current obtained by King (1956) for both the zeroth and second phase sequences would have to be used. However, it is assumed that in the far-zone, a zeroth-order value of the current would be quite adequate in comparing experimental results with those obtained theoretically. As shown in Fig. 1, the loop is so oriented that the z-axis and y-axis of the rectangular z Pp Fra. 1, Square loop in co-ordinate ystems. co-ordinate system are parallel to the sides of the loop and the z-axis is Perpendicular to its plane. 122 SHEILA PRASAD: RADIATION FIELD OF THE Rapvution Fretp or a Square Loor Driven iN THE Zszotn Pass SEQuence Using the integral expression for the vector potential given in equation (J) and assuming a cosinusoidal zeroth order distribution of current, the z and y components of the vector potential may be obtained. There is no z-eomponent of the vector potential since the sides of the loop are parallel only to the x and y axes. If the point P at which the radiation field is to be calculated is considered to be on the surface of a large sphere, the vector potential has three components in the three directions of the spherical co- ordinate system. If the point P is considered to be on the surface of a largo sphere, the vector potential has three components in the three directions of the spherical co-ordinate system. They are: A, Aj, Ag, where (R, 0, @) are the co-ordinates of P in the spherical co-ordinate system and the superscript ‘r’ denotes the far-zone. In the case of the square loop, however, the currents are confined to the four sides of the loop and since it is a completely symmetrical structure in space, the only component of the vector potential present is the component. The O-component is zero. Since the H-field is related to the vector potential A as follows in the far-zone, Bling = jwAfang, the R-component of A is neg- lected in calculating the E-field, ‘Then the electric field has a ®-component : E = 6 Ko and the magnetic field has a 6-component : H = Hs. The @-com- ponent of the vector potential is given by the following expression : Ag = —A, cos D—A, sin ® wee ee 2) ‘The substitution of the expressions, obtained for A. and A,, gives |. 7 (49) # "Zim Ro Bo 08 ® sin (Boh sin 8 cos ®) (sin? sin®®) [sin 0 sin ® cos Boh sin (Boh sin @ sin ®) ~sin oh cos (Bok sin 8 sin )] sin ® sin (Boh sin 6 sin ®) + TT sint9 005%) [sin 8 cos © cos Poh sin (Bob sin 8 cos ®) —sin gh cos (Boh sin 8 cos ay} . oo 8) The E-field is given by the equation #~=—jod and since only the @-com- ponent of vector potential is present, only the @-component of the E-field is present. The special case of an electrically small loop where fy<

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