Bao Cao Hoan Chinh KT

BO CO THC TP
CNG TY TN QUANG MINH
Knh tha qu thy c Trng i Hc Nha Trang cng cc c ch anh em hin ang cng tc ti cng ty TNHH sn xut v thng mi Tn Quang Minh. Nhm thc tp chng em xin gi li cm n n Ban Gim Hiu nh trng, qu thy c trong khoa Cng Ngh Ch Bin c bit l qu thy c: c Phm Hng Ngc Thy v thy Nguyn Vn Tng to iu kin thun li cho chng em hc tp, trang b vn kin thc c bn v cng ngh ch bin thc phm v tn tnh hng dn chng em trong sut thi gian thc tp. Chng em cng xin chn thnh cm n ban lnh o cng ty, tp th anh, ch, em trong phn xng sn xut c bit l: Anh Don c Ngn trng phng hnh chnh - nhn s, anh Nguyn ng n trng phng cng ngh ch bin, anh L vn Tp qun c, ch Nguyn Th Kim Phng cn b phng cng ngh ch bin to iu kin thun li, hng dn, gip v ch bo tn tnh cho chng em, gip chng em hiu c phn no cng vic ca cng nhn vin ngnh Cng Ngh Ch Bin Thc Phm. Qua gip chng em cng c thm kin thc hc trng. Xin knh chc qu cng ty ngy cng pht trin v t c nhiu thng li trong sn xut v kinh doanh. Chng em xin chn thnh cm n! Thnh ph H Ch Minh, ngy 05/ 12/ 2008. Nhm sinh vin thc tp trng i Hc Nha Trang
NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG
-1
BO CO THC TP
Ngy nay, do vic ng dng cc thnh tu v Khoa Hc K Thut vo mi lnh vc trong i sng sn xut m nn kinh t ca cc nc trong khu vc ni chung v ca nc ta ni ring u pht trin khng ngng. Do i sng ca ngi dn dn c ci thin. p ng cc nhu cu ngy cng tng ca con ngi c bit l nhu cu v n ung, ngnh cng ngh thc phm phi to ra nhng sn phm c gi tr cm quan, gi tr dinh dng cao ngoi ra cn phi an ton, v sinh v a dng ha v chng loi. Nm bt xu hng y cng ty Tn Quang Minh khng ngng nghin cu v cho ra th trng nhiu loi sn phm khc nhau nh: nc ngt c ga v khng ga, nc tng lc, nc yn ngn nh, tr b ao, sa chua ung Yobi vi nhiu hng v khc nhau nh: cam, chanh, du, vi, x x mang thng hiu BIDRICO. Tt c cc sn phm ca cng ty u c sn xut trn dy truyn khp kn v m bo v sinh an ton thc phm: HACCP, ISO 9001: 2000, cGMP. Do qu trnh cnh tranh vi nhiu thng hiu c mt trn th trng, trong nhng nm gn y cng ty lun n lc sng to, thay i mu m, hnh dng, bao b, ci thin cht lng ca sn phm v gi bn ph hp p ng nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng. Mc d c s gip tn tnh ca cc thy c v c ch, cc anh ch trong cng ty song do thi gian c hn v vn kin thc v l thuyt v thc t ca chng em c hn ch nn bi bo co khng trnh khi nhng thiu xt rt mong nhn c kin ng gp ca qu thy c cng qu cng ty bi bo co c hon thin hn.
-2
BO CO THC TP
Mc lc
PHN I: TM HIU CHUNG V NH MY...............................................................................3
PHN I:
TM HIU CHUNG V NH MY
I. Tng quan v nh my
1. V tr nh my:
Cng ty TNHH sn xut v thng mi TN QUANG MINH c t ti ng 2F khu cng nghip Vnh Lc-Huyn Bnh Chnh-TP.HCM.
2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca nh my

Cng ty Tn Quang Minh trc y l c s sn xut Quang Minh c thnh lp 1992 v c t ti Bc Bnh Thnh . n 1995 c s c chuyn ln Phan Vn Tr, qun G Vp. Trc y, ngnh ngh kinh doanh ca cng ty ch yu sn xut trn dy truyn th cng v bn th cng. Hng ha sn xut ch yu tiu th th trng Vit Nam, Lo, CamPuChia. n nm 2001 cng ty TN QUANG MINH c thnh lp theo ng k kinh doanh s 210200681 ngy 28/08/2001 a im tr s: L C21/1, ng 2F, khu cng nghip Vnh Lc, huyn Bnh Chnh, TP. H Ch Minh Tn dao dch TAN QUANG MINH manufacture and tracdinh Co, Ltd. Tn vit tt: TAN QUANG MINH Co, Ltd.
Tng din tch ca cng ty l 15.000 m2 kp thi a vo sn xut, cng ty
khn trng xy dng vo u thng 5/2002 v hon tt vic xy dng vo thng 12/2002 gm nhng hng mc sau:

Kho nguyn liu: 980m2 Kho thnh phm: 3.200m2 Nh xng sn xut: 2.550m2 Vn phng: 234m2
-3 CNG TY TN QUANG MINH
BO CO THC TP
Khu phng th nghim KCS lu mu: 98m2 ng ni b v cy xanh: 3.500m2 Nh n: 320m2 Nh xe: 320m2 Cng trnh ph khc: 100m2 Din tch d phng: 4.530m2 Cng ty TN QUANG MINH v ang lp t nhng thit b my mc, t ng
phc v cho cc mt hng: Cc loi nc ngt c gaz Cc loi nc ngt khng gaz Cc loi nc c ch bin t hoa qu tho mc Cc sn phm sa chua, sa ti. Rau cu Nc yn ngn nh Nc sm cao ly
II. Qu
trnh pht trin cc sn phm ca nh my

Tnh hnh sn xut
1.
Hin ti cng ty TN QUANG MINH lun lun i mi v khng ngng pht trin cng vi s n lc ca ton th ban lnh o, cn b cng nhn vin nn nng sut nh my cng gia tng. Trong nhng nm gn y cng ty TN QUANG MINH khng ngng tm kim, v nghin cu cho ra nhng sn phm p ng nhu cu th trng. Nm 2006 va qua cng ty sn xut c: Nc ngt khng gaz: 1.400.000 lt/nm Nc ngt c gaz: 25.000.000 lt/nm Nc tinh khit: 12.000.000 lt/nm Nc tng lc: 4.300.000 lt/nm Sa chua: 4.600.000 lt/nm Nc tri cy: 500.000 lt/nm Rau cu: 3.000.000 kg/nm
NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG -4 CNG TY TN QUANG MINH
BO CO THC TP
Tr b ao: 4.400.000 lt/nm Nc yn ngn nh: 4.200.000 lt/nm D tnh trong nm 2008 cng ty sn xut c: Nc ngt khng: 600.000 lt/nm Nc ngt c gaz: 42.000.000 lt/nm Nc tinh khit: 26.000.000 lt/nm Nc tng lc: 2.500.000 lt/nm Sa chua: 2.400.000 lt/nm Nc tri cy: 0,8 triu lt/nm Nc yn ngn nh: 6.000.000 lt/nm Tr b ao: 4.400.000 lt/nm Rau cu: 5.000.000 kg/nm Tr xanh A*nuta: thng 5- thng 11/2008 l 800.000 lt
2. Chng loi sn phm:

Sn phm ca cng ty rt a dng v phong ph v c ng k ti s Y t TP. H Ch Minh. Cc sn phm ca cng ty c mang 2 thng hiu l Bidrico, Yobi. y hai thng hiu tng t cc danh hiu: Huy chng vng ti cc k hi ch Quc t hng cng nghip Vit Nam . Sn phm cht lng cao v sc khe cng ng. Hng Topten nm 2001. Hng Vit Nam cht lng cao do ngi tiu dng bnh chn nm 2002 2003 2004. Mt s sn phm ca cng ty. Nc gii kht c gas: Gm nhiu sn phm khc nhau vi nhiu hng v nh: Cam, Du, Vi, Cola, Cream Soda, Chanh
-5
BO CO THC TP
Nc gii kht khng gas: Thnh phn Nc tng lc: ng tinh luyn Sinh t C Thnh phn Cht bo qun(211) ng tinh luynhp Hng tng ng glucosehp Mu tng Acid citric Thnh phn Taurine tinh luyn ng Inossitol tinh lc Nc Vitamin B1 Acid citric Vitamin B6 tng hp Hng Vitamin B12 qun Cht bo Vitamin C phm Mu thc Niacin
NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG -6 CNG TY TN QUANG MINH
Ch tiu 70 g/l 2g/l Ch 0.6 g/l tiu 98 g/l 30 g/l 7 g/l tiu Ch 4 70 g/l g/l 0.2 g/l 5 2g/l mg/l 50 mg/l 1mg/l 1g/l
BO CO THC TP
Natribenzonat Hng
1mg/l 10/00
Sa chua ung hp nha: Sa chua ung tit trng c lm t yaourt nguyn cht v hng v tri cy thin nhin. V chng loi sn phm rt a dng v phong ph vi nhiu hng v nh cam, chanh, mng, du i vi sa chua ung tit trng hp nha vung 180ml v hp nha trn 110 ml
Thnh phn Sa bt 28 % bo ng tinh luyn Cht to chua (acid citric khong 0.3 0.6 g/l ) Cht bo qun 211 Hng tng hp Mu tng hp
Ch tiu Bo / lipid m / protein ng / cacbonhydrat 80 g/l chua / acid citric Cht bo qun 0.05g/l 2 g/l 10 g/l 10 g/l
-7
BO CO THC TP
Sa chua hp giy (180 ml):
Nc yn ngn nh: Thnh phn Nc ng Gum

Sa bt Du b Thnh phn
Ch tiu Hm lng ng: 77 g/l X th: 0 3 g/l

Ch tiu
Ngn nh : 5 10 g/l Natri benzoat : 0.6g/l Vitamin A : 0

:74.75 Kcal :1.3 g : 1.23 g :14.56 g
Ngn nh Yn so
Nng lng Cht bo Protein
ng knh Nc p tri cy Hng liu Cht n nh
ng cacbonhydrat
-8
BO CO THC TP
Tr b ao:
Thnh phn Nc ct b ao ng tinh luyn Acid citric Cht bo qun 211 Hng tng hp Mu caramen Acid citric: Acid citric: 2g/l Cht bo qun: 1g/l Hm lng cht kh 100g/l Ch tiu Hm lng ng : 77 g/l
Nc p tri cy: Thnh phn ng tinh luyn Cht to v (acid citric) Cht bo qun 211
Ch tiu ng 80g/l Acid citric 3g/l Cht bo qun 1g/l

-9 CNG TY TN QUANG MINH
BO CO THC TP
Thnh phn Ch tiu Nc tinh lc ng tinh luyn Bt rau cu Acid citric Mu tng hp Cht bo qun 211 Cht to chua: 34 g/l ng tng 200g/l Cht bo qun 1g/l
Rau cu:
Tr xanh v chanh Enzy (chai 500ml): (sa li thnh tr xanh v chanh Anuta c trn nhn sn phm) Thnh phn
NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG - 10
Ch tiu
BO CO THC TP
Fitered water, Fresh Brewed, Total fat: Green tea, Crystalline fructose, 0g Acid citric, sugar, Natural Sodium: Lemon, Flavors and Artifical 41mg color, Sodium Benzoat Total carbonhydrat: 13g Sugar: 9,8g Protein: 0,031g
3. Vn thu mua nguyn liu v tnh hnh tiu th sn phm: Vn thu mua nguyn liu: c c hng liu ng mc ch, ng tiu chun nh sn xut phi nhp trc tip t nhng nh cung cp mi chuyn nghip v yu cu km theo phiu kim nghim, giy chng nhn, cng thc ha hc. Tnh hnh tiu th sn phm: 15 nm qua cng ty a ra nhiu sn phm mang thng hiu Bidrico tr thnh sn phm cao cp khng ch cht lng m cn hnh thc mu m ca sn phm. Va qua cng ty sn xut thnh cng dng thc ung dinh dng mang thng hiu A*nuta t tri cy thin nhin: Cam, To, Thm - C Chua, Nc Me, Chanh Dy v d nh s cho ra th trng cc loi nc p tri cy khc nh: Xoi, Bi, Lu, Mng Ct Ngoi nguyn liu chnh t tri cy thin nhin, cc sn phm cn cung cp Vitamin v cc cht b dng cn thit cho c th, c bit trong nc p tri cy c cht x, c tc dng h tr cho ng tiu ha. Sn phm Bidrico c ngi tiu dng bnh chn hng Vit Nam cht lng cao 6 nm lin, thng hiu mnh, thng hiu ni ting ti Vit Nam. 4. Ngun nng lng a. L hi: Cc thng s c bn ca l hi: Nhit hi: 1800C p sut: 10 at
NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG - 11 CNG TY TN QUANG MINH
BO CO THC TP
Lng hi cung cp: 1000 kg/gi Nhin liu chnh: Du FO Hi c cung cp cho b phn nh my nh nu ng, nu sa, thanh trng, hp lon, tit trung, cng ty ny s dng l hi LHD1-10. T hp ng l v ng la, l c kt cu t mt ng l, thn l v 2 dn ng la. Bung t c b tr trong ng l. b. Ngun nc: c ly t trm cp nc khu cng nghip Vnh Lc v thy cc nc t su 100m, t tiu chun s dng cho cng ty do cng ty s dng cc b phn (lc th, trao i ion, lc tinh). c. Ngun in: c ti t li in thuc trm pht in ca khu cng nghip Vnh Lc
III.
C CU T CHC V QUN L CA NH MY
III.1. S T CHC:
- 12
BO CO THC TP
III.2. NHIM V V CHC NNG CA TNG B PHN 1. Hi ng thnh vin: L c quan cao nht, quyt nh phng hng v ng li pht trin ca cng ty. Hi ng thanh vin bu Ch Tch, b nhim Gim c, k ton trng. Ch tch hi ng kim nhim gim c cng ty. 2. Gim c cng ty: L ngi iu hnh ton b hot ng ca cng ty. C quyn b nhim cc Ph Gim c, Trng Phng, Qun c, i Trng, T trng v l ngi iu hnh trc tip: Phng ngn qu: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch Phng k ton: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch Phng vt t: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch Phng KCS: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch Phng hnh chnh nhn vin do 01 Trng phng ph trch v iu hnh trc tip cc b phn: Hnh chnh vn th, dch thut, nhn s, nh n v bp n ( v sinh, an ninh trt t, hnh chnh), t v sinh, i bo v (an ninh, cy xanh) v ni tr. 3. Cc ph gim c chuyn mn: 3.1. Ph gim c k thut: Ph t k thut cho gim c. Mi Ph Gim c k thut iu hnh trc tip mi n v: T sa cha bo tr nh xng Xng sa cha ot, c kh , in my Phng c in
- 13
BO CO THC TP
3.2. Ph gim c cng ngh ch bin: Ph t cho gim c v cng ngh ch bin v iu hnh: Phng k hoch: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch Phng pha ch: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch T nu sa: Do 01 T trng ph trch T nu ng: Do 01 T trng ph trch
3.3. Ph gim c ph trch v k hoch sn xut L ngi ph t ca Gim c v k hoch vt t, sn xut v iu phi sn xut, iu hnh trc tip: Phng k hoch: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch Phng pha ch: Do Ban Qun c ph trch T chc v qun l kho thnh phm: Do 01 th kho ph trch T chc v qun l kho nguyn liu: Do 01 th kho ph trch
3.4. Ph Gim c kinh doanh- tip th: L ph t Gim c v hot ng kinh doanh, qung co tip th ca cng ty v iu hnh trctip: Phng kinh doanh: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch Phng tip th, qung co: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch i vn chuyn: Do 01 i trng ph trch 3.5. Cc anh ch em tng khu: L nhng ngi trc tip sn xut di s lnh o ca ban qun c cc phn xng. Gia cc phong ban chc nng tuy c nhim v c th khc nhau nhng c mi quan h mt thit vi nhau trong qu trnh hot ng. IV.S MT BNG TNG TH CA NH MY
BO CO THC TP
PHN II: THC TP V CNG NGH CH BIN TI NH MY

I. NGUYN LIU:
I.1 NGUYN LIU SN XUT NC GII KHT C GAS:
1. Nc: Nc l thnh phn ch yu ca nc gii kht ni chung v nc pha ch ni ring. Thnh phn ho hc v tnh cht ho l,cht lng ca nc nh hng trc tip n k thut sn xut v cht lng ca sn phm. Trong sn xut nc gii kht ngi ta dng nc mm pha ch. cng cc ngun nc t nhin rt khc nhau v ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: a l, thi gian trong nm, su ca ngun nc v vy cn phi x l nc trc khi a vo pha ch nc gii kht. 2. ng: ng l thnh phn chnh quan trng nh hng n cc ch tiu cht lng v dimh dng ca nc gii kht pha ch. Hm lng ng trong nc gii kht chim 810% trng lng. ng ng vai tr quan trong trong cng ngh nc gii kht, ssng cung cp nng lng v cht dinh dng cho c th. Ngoi ra, ng cn l cht lm du v to v hi ho gia v chua v v ngt to cm gic sng khoi v thch th cho ngi s dng. Trong cng nghip sn xut nc gii kht ngi ta thng dng ng Saccharoza sn xut. Phn t Saccharoza gm mt phn t glucoza v mt phn t fructoza lin kt vi nhau nh nhon hdroxyl (-OH) glucozit ca chng. Saccharoza l mt tinh th nu trng , d tan trong nc v ho tan tng dn theo s tng nhit ca nc, t l nc:ng c th ln n .
- 15
BO CO THC TP
Ngoi ra, tu theo chc nng ca tng loi sn phm n ngi ta c th b sung hay thay th bng mt cht ngt khc m khng nh hng n sc kho ngi tiu dng. Cht ngt tng hp a vo pha ch nc gii kht phi nm trong danh mc cho php ca b y t v vi mt hm lng cho php. Cht ngt thng c s dng cho ngi n king, gim bo nh:Aspartame, Acesunfarme - K. Saccharoza rt d b phn hu do acid hay men invectuza ca nm men.Khi b phn hu,mt Phn t Saccharoza to thnh mt phn t glucoza v mt phn t fructoza, hn hp ny c gi l ng nghch o hay ng hon nguyn. ng hon nguyn c v ngt du hn, c ht n ln hn v nht l n lm cho dung dch Saccharoza n nh hn. chnh l yu t nh hng n cng ngh v k thut sn xut sir. Vic to ra mt t l nht nh ng hon nguyn c ngha rt quan trng v k thut v lm tng cht lng ca sn phm. t dc iu ny, thng thngiroo c nu acid yu, nng ng trong sir 50-70%. ng dng trong nc gii kht Bidrico l ng tinh luyn, c nua t nh my sn xut trong nc.ng trc khi em i sn xut cn phi kin tra cc ch tiu cm quan (nh: trng ng nh, ht ng tng i ng u, khng c tp cht hay mi v l, khng vn cc) v cc ch tiu ho (nh: m, hm lng ng Saccharoza, hm lng tro, hm lng kim loi nng) v ch tiu vi sinh (tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh, nm men, nm mc, Ecoli) Theo tiu chun Vit Nam 1695 -75 v cht lng ng nh sau: Ch tiu Hm lng Saccharoza m Hm lng tro Hm lng ng kh ng knh loi 1(%) 99,67 0,07 0, 10 0,15 ng knh loi 2(%) 99,45 0,07 0,15 0,17
- 16
BO CO THC TP
3. CO2 Tu theo p sut v nhit CO2 c th tn ti dng kh lng-rn. Ti nhit v p sut thng CO2 dng kh tr, khng mu,khng mi. Vai tr ca CO2 trong sn xut nc gii kht: To bt, the u li lm tng gi tr cm quan. Hn ch hot ng ca tp khun, gi cho nc gii kht lu b h.
Khi ho tan CO2 vo trong nc s to thnh acid cacbonic c vj chua du. Khi ta
ung nc gi kht c cha CO2 vo c th th c H2CO3 tu nhit gii phng v bay hi CO2 gy cm gic mt d chu v v cay nng cho ngi s dng. Yu cu cht lng CO2:
CO2 phi tinh khit 99,5%, mu trng khng c mi v l. cng ty Tn Quang Minh dng CO2 dng lng c cung cp t cc nh
my sn xut t nguyn liu ma r ng v c nn trong bn ln bng thp 300C v p lc 60-70 at.

CO2 trc khi a vo sn xut cn phi lm sch mi, v, tp cht khng gy
hi n cht lng sn phm. 4. Hng Liu Thc Phm: 4.1Mc ch s dng: Tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm. Lm a dng ho sn phm. Hng l mt trong nhng nguyn liu rt quan trng trong thnh phn ca nc gii kht. Mc d, cht thm ch chim mt t lng rt t nhng n c tc dng to cho nc gii kht c mi thm c trng. 4.2.Phn loi:
- 17
BO CO THC TP
Trong cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht th ngi ta s dng 2 loi hng: hng t nhin v hng tng hp.
a.
Hng t nhin: gm cc loi nguyn liu ban u t nhin c tch ra t cc
sn phm t nhin bng phng php vt l: Phng php chng ct hi nc: tinh du. Phng php chng ct cn:Alcolat Phng php nghin: cht nghin Phng php trch ly v bay hi: cht trch ly Phng php bo v bay hi: nc p thng hoc m c. Ngoi ra cn thu nhn bng phng php vi sinh. u im ca hng t nhin: sn phm cui cng c th t 100% t nhin, mi ca sn phm y n, du hn mi tng hp. D b oxy ho bi y ca khng kh v b phn hu bi nh sng mt tri.
b.
Hng tng hp: gm nhng cht c tng hp hoc tch ra t moat cht thm
t nhin hoc cc phng php ho hc.Chng c thnh phn ho hc c th ging heat moat cht hin din trong cc sn phm t nhin m ngi ta c th dng lin hoc ch bin hoc nhng phn t thm cha c nhn din trong moat sn phm t nhin. Chng gm cc h: Aldehyt. Cetone, ester, hydrocacbon, alcol, acetate, thiol, pyazin.. c im ca hng tng hp: bean, tui th di, chu c nhit v p sut cao, gi r. Cc tiu chun chnh cho vic chn mt mi hng : + Chn kiu hng : tu thuc vo cng ngh, th hiu ngi tiu dng, tp qun + Hm lng s dng : - Tu vo mc ch ng dng m ta c th s dng nhiu hm lng khc nhau - Hm lng c th thay i tu thuc vo : * T l cht bo s dng
- 18
BO CO THC TP
* Cng ngh sn xut sn phm cui cng ( un nng, lm lnh ) * Tu theo th hiu, thi quen ca ngi tiu dng. * Mt mi hung qu nh s v v cng nh moat mi hng qu d cng b t chi . Ngoi ra cn phi quan tm n cc thnh phn c trong sn phm, c bit l cc cht c v. S c mt ca acid citric, tartaric cng c tc dng tng mi v ca sn phm. 4.3. Cch s dng : Bidrico thng s dng hng dng lng ( du, vi ) dng nh nh cam nhp t Chu u. Nng s dng thng 1 2% Hng c th ho tan trc tip vo sn phm hoc ho tan vo sn phm qua mt dung mi nh cn, propylene Hng khi mua cn phi kim tra k cng v tnh php l, chng loi, cc thnh phn ho l, cc tp cht hoc cc cht gay hi cho c th con ngi. 5. Cc cht mu : 5.1. Mc ch s dng : Lm cho sn phm c tnh c trng, tng gi tr cm quan thu ht ngi tiu dng. 5.2. Phn loi v yu cu : Gm c hai loi : mu t nhin v mu nhn to Mu t nhin : c trch ly t l (mu xanh l da, mu tm l cm), c (mu ta ca c dean, mu vng ca c ngh), qu (mu cam ca qu gc, mu ca ht iu mu). Chng thng c gi tr cao v liu dng ln nn thch hp vi cc sn phm cao cp, sn phm b dng, sn phm cho tr em, sn phm dc Mu tng hp : c to bng phng php ho hc t cc nguyn liu nhn to. Mu tng hp thng r, s dng vi hm lng thp v kh bn.
BO CO THC TP
Mu trc khi s dng phi c nh gi cm quan v kim tra mu theo tiu chun chn, phi c s cho php ca B Y T.
Mu caramen : l sn phm nhn c t sacaroza khi un ti 180 1900C, l
cht lng c mu sm ti, v hi ng. Khi sacaroza b nng chy tip tc b mt nc to thnh caramen. S to thnh caramen xy ra qua 3 giai on:
Giai on 1: nhit 102-150 0C saccharoza nng chy v b mt nc
khong 10% to thnh caramenlan. Giai on 2: caramenlan tip tc b mt nc ti 14% to thnh caramenlen. Giai on 3: caramenlen tip tc b mt nc ti 25% to thnh caramenlin.
Trong caramenlan v caramenlen ho tan hon ton trong nc, cn
caramenlin hu nh khng ho tan nn trong sn xut caramen phi dng li giai on to thnh caramenlen. Trong sn xut nc gii kht Bidrico thng dng cc loi mu sau: + Mu caramen cho nc gii kht cola, x x. + Mu Sunset yellow cho nc cam. + Mu Ponceaux 4R cho nc du. + Mu Apple green cho nc to. 6. Acid thc phm: 6.1. Mc ch s dng: To v chua du cho nc gii kht, tng hi ho v hng thm cho sn phm, tng kh nng chuyn ho saccharoza thnh glucoza v fructoza. To mi trng PH thp (3-4) c tc dng c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt, c tc dng bo qun. 6.2. Cc loa acid thng dng trong sn xut nc gii kht: a. Acid citric: c nhiu trong chanh nn thng gi l acid chanh, l mt tinh th mu trng, c chua cao, c ngm mt phn t nc, d tan trong nc, gi r hn cc loi acid khc.
BO CO THC TP
Cng thc phn t: C6H8O7.H2O Yu cu: tinh khit 99% Tp cht Asen acid citric monohydro. Cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng ca acid citric: chua, hm lng tp cht, hm lng kim loi nng (Pb, As), m
b. Acid tartaric (C6H4O6): c nhiu trong nho nn thng gi l acid nho, c s
0, 5% 0, 00014%
Acid Sunfuric 0, 05% cng ty Bidrico thng s dng acid citric di 2 dng: acid citric anhydro v
dng trong nc gii kht t hn acid citric Yu cu: tinh khit 99% Kim loi nng: 0, 0005% Acid Sunfuric 0, 05% HCl Asen 0, 02% 0, 00014%
c. Acid malic:c nhiu trong to, c chua cao, s dng trong sn phm nc gii kht to
d. Acid photphoric: nay l acid v c, to cho sn phm c pH thp ko di thi
gian bo qun, s dng nhiu cho sn phm cola, x x.. 7. Cc cht bo qun: 7.1 Mc ch s dng: Ngn chn s pht trin ca vi sinh vt trong nc gii kht, c bit l nm men, nm mc. Cht bo qun thng c s dng ph bin nht l acid benzoic v natribenzoat (k hiu quc t: 211). pH cng thp (pH=3) th hiu qu s dng natribenzoat cng tt, ko di thi gian bo qun. 7.2 Yu cu: Mun m bo hiu qu tc dng nng natribenzoat(C6H5COONa)
BO CO THC TP
Trong sn phm phi t 0,5 -1 g/lit. nng ny chng khng c hi cho sc kho con ngi. Trc khi a benzoat vo s dng cn pha chng bng nc si vi nng 0,2 -0,3 kg/lit ri lc sch. Tuy vi nng s dng thp khng gy hi cho sc kho con ngi nhng natribenzoat li d v trong sn phm, lm gim gi tr cm quan ca sn phm. 8. Cc nguyn liu v ph gia khc: 8.1. Nc ct tri cy c c: B sung vo mt s loi sn phm nh: to, dunhm nng cao gi tr dinh dng, ch tiu cm quan cho ngi s dng. Yu cu: nc ct tri cy phi qua x l khi ua vo khng b kt lng, tch lp gy ra cc hin tng khng tt cho sn phm. 8.2. Cht to c: Mc ch: to c cho nc gii kht nh nc cam, gy cm gic tht v thch th. Yu cu: cht to c hay nh c phi phn tn u trong sn phm, to cho sn phm ng nht, khng gay ra hin tng kt ta hay tch lp. 8.3. Cafein, natricitrat: C tc dng tng v cho sn phm, s dng cho cola v x x. Cc sn phm ca nc gii kht c gaz cng ty Tn Quang Minh: + Nc ngt c gaz hng v cam. + Nc ngt c gaz hng v du. + Nc ngt c gaz hng v to xanh. + Nc ngt c gaz hng v chanh. + Nc ngt c gaz hng v vi. + Nc ngt c gaz hng v cola. + Nc ngt c gaz hng v x x. + Nc ngt c gaz hng v cream soda. + Nc ngt c gaz hng v da ?
BO CO THC TP
II. Cng ngh sn xut 1.Nc ngt c ga

S quy trnh nc gii kht c ga.
CO2 X l CO2 sch Nc ng
X l Lm lnh
Nu ng Lc Lm ngui Pha ch Siro mi Lm lnh Phi trn Bo ha CO2 Chit rt & Ghp np Lm m & Thi kh In Date
Bo ha CO2 Chai PET 1,25 ml Sc ra ng np Chai kh, sch Lm m S a Chit rt chai
Hng liu, mu acid thc phm
(5-8 oC)
Nc 24 oC CO2 sch Lon sch
Thi kh In Date Dn nhn V thng
Thnh phm (chai)
V thng Thnh phm CNG TY TN QUANG MINH (lon)
- 23
BO CO THC TP
1.1. Chun b siro. Quy trnh sn xut siro. ng knh
Nc
Ha tan Gia nhit
(60-700C) (90-950C)
Lc
(850C)
Lm ngui
(30-450C)
Siro c bn 1.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh 1.2.1. Nu ng Mc ch + Ha tan cc cu t ng vo hn hp
(65-700C)
+ Tiu dit vi sinh vt, tng thi gian bo qun sn phm + To iu kin saccharose chuyn ha thnh ng nghch o lm tng v ngt du ca ng.
BO CO THC TP
+ Tng n nh ca sn phm.
Tin hnh:
+ u tin ta bm nc x l vo ni, m cnh khuuy, m van hi cp nhit cho nc. + Nng nhit nc trong ni t 65- 750c, bt u cho ng vo sau nh mc nc theo quy nh. T l c s dng l 700kg ng/ 100lit siro + Tin hnh cho mt lng acid citric vo khong 1,5- 2g/1kg ng v tip tc khuy, gia nhit n 90- 920c v gi nhit ny trong thi gian 10 to iu kin cho qu trnh chuyn ha ng. + Cho vo dung dch mt lng nht nh natri benzoat (2g/1lit siro) bo qun siro ngn chn s pht trin ca nm men, nm mc. + Tin hnh khuy u v em siro i lc sch nhit 80- 850c. 1.2.2. Lc, lm ngui siro
Mc ch:
+ Tch chit cc tp cht c hc ln vo trong ng trong qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun. + Lm ngui dch siro xung 30- 400c chun b cho phi ch hng liu, mu, acid, to siro bn thnh phm t yu cu cng ngh v gim s tn hao ca chng do nhit gy ra.
Tin hnh:
+ H nhit siro n 80-850c gim nht ca siro to thun li cho qu trnh lc. + Bm dch siro t bn cha qua ti lc bng vi th. Ti ny c gn ming bn lm ngui. + Siro c lm n hnh tr c h thng ng xon. Nc lnh i trong
- 25
BO CO THC TP
ng trao i nhit gin tip vi siro bn ngoi. Trong sut qu trnh lm ngui, thit b phi c y kn np. + Dch ng khi t nhit 30-400C th c a vo bn trung gian chun b cho phi ch. Dch siro sau lm ngui cn t nhng yu cu sau: + Siro c mu vng nh, trong sut khng ln tp cht + Siro khng ln mi l, ch c th c mi nh ca natri benzoat + Siro c v ngt thanh chua nh + Siro khng cha vi sinh vt gy bnh + Nng cht kh 670bx 1.2.3. Phi ch
Mc ch: + Ha tan cc cu t vo siro to hn hp ng nht chun b cho chit rt + To hng v c trng cho sn phm
Tin hnh: + Chun b cc thnh phn pha ch iu kin ti u nht + Dch siro t nhit 30-400c, nng 650bx + Cht mu, acid c pha thnh dung dch. + Hng liu s dng dng nguyn + Cc cht ph gia khc u a v dng dung dch + Phi ch cc nguyn liu theo th t nht nh: cu t no c lng nhiu nht
phi ch trc ri cho cc cu t c s lng t hn. Sau mi ln cho mt cu t cn khuy o k n khi ha tan hon ton mi cho cc cu t tip theo. Hng liu cho vo sau cng
BO CO THC TP
+ Cm quan bn thnh phm trc khi chit rt + Lm lnh siro xung 250c trc khi em chit rt Chun b nc bo ha CO2
- 27
BO CO THC TP
1.3. X l CO2 Mc ch: + Lm sch CO2 + Loi b tp cht v mt s cht gy mi l ln trong kh cacbonic + Dit khun v oxy ha cc hp cht gy mi
Tin hnh + Quy trnh x l
CO2 nguyn liu
X l bng NaCO3
X l bng than hot tnh
X l bng thuc tm
CO2 sch
+ Gii thch quy trnh: Bt tr lc Na2CO3 c tc dng loi cc tp cht cn c ln trong kh CO2 cng nghip. Than hot tnh c tc dng loi i cc kh khng mong mun nh aldehyt, aceton, diacetylvi mc ch kh mi CO2 Dung dch thuc tm tiu dit mt phn vi sinh vt trong CO2 cng nghip
BO CO THC TP
1.4 X l nc :
1.4.1 Vai tr ca nc: Nc l yu t khng th thiu trong vic duy tr v pht trin s sng. nc chim 60 70% khi lng c th ca con ngi, trong 50% lng nc cha trong cc t bo, cm likhong 20% nc cha trong mu v dch bo. C th ni khng c ncl khng c s sng trn tri t. Vi tr ca nc trong c th ngi : Nc tham gia vo cu to ca c th. Cht lng trong c th nh mu, tuyn dch compa l do nc v mt s cht khc to nn to thnh mng li knh, rch chng cht, vn chuyn cht dinh dng n cc b phn c th, tham gia hnh thnh cc dch tiu ha, gip con ngi tiu th cht dinh dng, to thnh cht lng ca c th, thc y qu trnh trao i cht. Nc l cht quan trng cc phn ng ha hc v trao i cht din ra khng ngng trong c th, l mt dung mi, nh tt c cc cht dinh dng a vo c th, sau c chuyn vo mu di dng dung dch nc. nc cn c gi l du bi trn ca ton b khp xng trong c th, l mt cht hon xung h thn kinh. i vi ngi gi li cn phi ung nhiu nc tng cng sc khe, ko di tui th.
-
Vai tr ca nc trong cng nghip thc phm:
Cht lng ca sn phm thc phm ni chung v i vi nc gii kht ni ring ph thuc phn ln vo cht lng ca nc. Nc c tc dng nh mt dung mi ha tan v tham gia vo cc phn ng gia cc cu t hoc tc ng ti cc phn t khc to thnh sn phm. Hai yu t chnh c th sn xut nc gii kht l ngun nc n nh v lu lng v cht lng; quy trnh x l nc hp l, vy nc ng vai tr quan trng trong sn xut: + Dung mi ha tan v phn ng + Tham gia vo phn ng gia cc cu t hoc tc ng vi cc phn t cu thnh sn phm + Ngoi ra nc cn l tc nhn lm lnh, lm sch, v sinh 1.4.2 Cc ch tiu cht lng ca nc a. Ch tiu vy l
BO CO THC TP
Mu sc: L mu do cc cht gumid, cc hp cht keo ca st v s pht
trin ca mt s vi sinh vt, thc vt ( rong, to ) gy nn, n v o mu ca nc l TCU, nc cng trong ( mu thp) th cht lng cng cao.
-
Nhit : Ph thuc iu kin mi trng kh hu, s thay i nhit ph
thuc vo tng ngun nc. i vi ngun nc ngm th nhit tng i n nh 17-270C. c: n v o c ca nc l TCU, c ca nc do cc cht l lng bao gm cc loi ht ca kch thc nh nh ht keo n nhng h phn tn th nh huyn ph, cn, t ct. Mi v v: C th do cc mi t nhin ( bn , t, vi sinh vt, clo, phenol) hay cc mi nhn to khc khi khsi thc nc to ln, nn mi v ca nc ph thuc vo thnh phn c trong nc, ch yu l cc cht ha tan trong nc quyt nh. Bng phng php cm quan chia mi v ra thnh 5 cp: + Khng mi (v ). + Mi v rt nh. + + + +
-
Mi v nh. C mi vi. C mi v hi mnh C mi v mnh Cht rn: n v tnh ca cht rn l (g/l ), l phn cn li sau khi bay hi
nc v sy nhit 103-1050C. c cc loi cht rn: ha tan, l lng; bay hi v khng bay hi.
-
dn in : o bng V/cm, lin quan n lng v cc loi ion c trong
nc. Ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo thnh phn v s lng cc cht kh ha tan trong nc nh CO2, NH2. T dn in khng tnh c lng mui khong c trong nc, nhng khi trong nc c hm lwonhj nht nh cc loi ion, tng nng ion cng ln th dn in cng cao. Ngi ta c th da vo dn in nhn xt hm lng mui khong. b. Cc ch tiu ha hc:
- 30
BO CO THC TP -
kim: c trng cho kh nng kt hp ca nc vi cc acid mnh.
Biu din bng mg E ca cc ion OH-, CO32-, HCO3- v mt s ion khc ca cc acid hu c yu nh gumat, hydrat, c trong 1ml H2O. kim c chia ra: kim bicacbonat, cacbonat, v hydrat. y l ch s quan trng v ch tiu ca nc. Nu qu ln nh hng n qu trnh sinh hc, ha hc khi ng ha v ln men, tiu tn nhiu acid thc phm khi sn xut nc ngt pha ch.
-
pH: l nng H+ c trong nc(pH = - log [H+]). 5.5 < pH < 6.5: nc c tnh acid yu. 7.5 < pH < 10.5: nc c tnh kim yu. pH 10.5: nc c tnh kim mnh.
pH 5.5: nc c tnh acid mnh.
cng: do cc mui Ca2+, Mg2+ gy nn. n v tnh cng mg ng
lng (mg E ) ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ trong mt 1lt nc. cng chia ra: cng tm thi (hay cng cacbonat) do s c mt ca bicacbonat , cacbonat canxi v magie c trong nc, cc loi mui ny b kt ta khi un si theo phn ng: A.(HCO3)2
ACO3
cng vnh cu ( cng sunfat) do cc mui ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ kt hp vi cc gc mui ca acid v c mnh. Cc mui ny lun ha tan trong nc (khng kt ta khi un si). V d CaCl2, MgCl2, MgSO4, Ca(NO3)2, cng chung: l tng cng tm thi v cng vnh cu. biu th cng: 10 cng tng ng vi 20.04 CaO hay 7.19 MgO/1lit nc v mt mg ng lng tng ng vi 20.04 mg ion Ca hay 12,16 mg ion Mg/ 1lit nc. cng ca nc c chia ra 5 loi: + Nc rt cng: > 10 mg E + Nc cng : 6 10 mg E
BO CO THC TP
+ Nc hi cng: 3 6 mg E + Nc mm: 1.5 3 mg E + Nc rt mm: < 1.5 mg E cng l ch s quan trng ca nc dng trong sinh hot v cc ngnh cng nghip khc nhau c bit l cng ngh ch bin nc gii kht. oxy ha (l ch s oxy ha): Biu th oxy ha l s mg KMnO4, l c trng cho hm lng tp cht hu c v mt s cht d oxy ha c trong nc (cht nhy, keo, acid hu c ) ch s ny cng cao th nc b bn nhiu. cn ton phn: Biu th bng mg/l, l tng cc cht v c (ha tan hay khng ha tan) khng k cc cht kh c trong nc. xc nh cn ton phn bng cch un cho bc hi ht mt dung tch nc nht nh v sy kh 105 110 0C n khi trng lng khng i. Hm lng cn cng cao th vic x l cng phc tp. c. Cc ch tiu vi sinh: Vi sinh vt gy nh hng n sc khe ngi tiu dng v nh hng rt ln cht lng sn phm, lm h hng sn phm trong qu trnh bo qun. Ch s sinh hc: c trng cho s xm nhp v pht trin ca cc loi vi sinh, thc vt c trong nc. c biu din bng s lng vi sinh vt c trong 1 ml H2O. Ngi ta cn qui nh thm v a ra hai khi nim l chun s Ecoli v ch s Ecoli. Ch s Ecoli: l s trng ng rut c trong q ml nc. Chun s Ecoli: th tch nc t nht cho php pht hin 1 vi trng ng rut. Quy nh chung: Chun s E coli: 300 Chun s E coli: 3
- 32
BO CO THC TP
Bng ch tiu cht lng nc x l ti cng ty Tn Quang Minh. Tn tiu chun Cm quan Mu Mi V c pH cng tng cng oxy ha St tng cng NH4+ ClNO2NO3SO42Mn2+ Cu2+ Pb2+ Zn2+ Cd2+ Al3+ Hg2+ H2S Tng cht rn ha tan Colifom Ecoli Cl. Sulphate Strepcocus Feacalis n v tnh TCU NTU mg CaCO3/l mg O2/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100 ml CFU/100 ml CFU/100 ml CFU/100 ml 0 0 0 0 Nc x l Khng mu Khng mi Khng v
Vi sinh
- 33
BO CO THC TP
1.4.3 C s l thuyt ca qu trnh x l nc: 1.4.3.1 Qu trnh x l c hc (qu trnh lc): L qu trnh lc ph bin v t s dng ha cht, t nh hng n cht lng sn phm. Mc ch : lm sch, nng cao cht lng ca nc. L qu trnh trung gian chun b cho cc qu trnh tip theo (lc trc khi lng lc cho vic nu ng sa, sinh hot v sinh, ) Nguyn tc: da vo kch thc l ca b mt lc. loi nhng phn t c kch thc ln hn kch thc l lc. Cty TN QUAN MINH s dng b lc, ct lc. Vt liu dng lm vch lc: Dng ht: ct si, than, Dng tm: tm kim loi c l, li kim loi. Dng si: si bng, si ay, si tng hp, Dng vt xp: s, si thy tinh, cao su, giy, Tnh nng vch lc: Gi cho cc pha rn cng nhiu cng tt. Phn b u cc l xp trn b mt vch lc. Chu c tc ng ca mt trng: thm nc, p sut, nhit , ha hc, chy n, iu kin ti sinh, c im v tc dng ca mt s vt liu lm vch ngn lc: a) Vt liu ct, , si: Kch thc trung bnh 0.5 1 m t trng 2.6 g/cm3. lp vt liu s gi li lp cn l lng c kch thc ln hn kch thc ca vt liu lc m thng qua cng on lng khng loi ra c. Lp ct cn l ni bm ca vi sinh vt, va oxy ha cht hu c nn s loi i mt s vi sinh vt gy bnh trong nc. b) Vt liu than hot tnh:
- 34
BO CO THC TP
C b mt rt ln, c kh nng hp th cc phn t dng rn v dng lng ha tan trong nc trn b mt than. Nc khi qua than hot tnh s c kh mu. C hai phng php kh mi v v mu ca than hot tnh: a nc vo sau x l vo lc trc tip qua b lc than hot tnh. Pha trn than tn nh n kch thc nh n kch thc vi chc m vo b trn nc cng phn vi liu lng t 3 15 mg/l hp th cc hp cht gy ra mi, v, mu cho nc (loi i 80 90 % cht bn). c) Vt liu bng bng, ch giy: Vt liu bng: loi i cc tp cht l lng trong nc nh bn phn, Vt liu ch (si nilong): dng li, ng knh l lc 1 m, loi i cc tp cht c kch thc 1 m. Ngoi ra c th loi i mt s vi khun c trong nc nh: Bacillus, Cl. Botulium, 1.4.3.2 Qu trnh x l ha hc: a) Mc ch ca qu trnh: Lm mm nc (kh cc loi ion Ca2+, Mg2+ n nng yu cu), kh mui (di dng cation v anion ca cc loi mui n nng yu cu). b) Phng php x l: Kh Fe2+: Trong nc, st tn ti dng ion, ha tr thng l II l thnh phn ca cc mui ha: Fe(HCO3)2, FeSO4. Nc c lng st cao nn c mi tanh, nhiu cn bn mu vng lm nh hng xu n cht lng nc. V vy tin hnh kh nc c hm lng st cao. Cc phng php hin nay: Kh st bng phng php lm thong. Kh st bng phng php ha hc. Kh bng phng php khc. Ti nh my ca cng ty BIDRICO s dng phng php lm thong. Lm thong: to iu kin cho oxy trong khng kh oxy ha Fe2+ thnh Fe3+, hp cht ca Fe3+ t tan trong nc c gi li thng qua b lc. Qu trnh oxy ha thc hin bng cch thng gi qua nc trong cc gin phun ma.
- 35
BO CO THC TP
Lm mm nc: ph thuc vo hm lng cc ion c trong nc m c cc phng php khc nhau: Phng php nhit: s dng i vi nc c cng tm thi. Do trong nc x gc (HCO3)- ca Ca2+, Mg2+ nn un nng s to ra kt ta ri em lc: A.(HCO3)2
ACO3 + CO2 + H2O
Phng php trao i ion: l phng php kinh t v n gin nht. S dng ph bin i vi cc nh my sn xut nc gii kht. Thng lm mm nc c cng tng i thp (sau khi lm mm, lng lc s b, ) ng thi loi b cc cht c hm lng thp. Nguyn tc: s dng cc cht c kh nng trao i ion c trong nc. Cht c kh nng trao i ion (+) trong nc gi l cationnit v cht c kh nng trao i vi ion ( ) gi l anionit. Anionit c dng loi b cc acid v gc acid. Cationnit c dng loi b cc ion gy nn cng. Nc c li qua cationnit H[R] th cc ion Na+, K+, Mg2+, cha trong nc s c gi li:
2H[R] + CaCl2 2H[R] + NaSO4
Ca[R]2 + H2O SO4[R]2 + H2O
Qua hai giai on trao i cation v anion ta loi tr c hu ht cc ion kim loi
k c 3 v , nh nc nhn c c cng rt nh v cha t tp cht c 2
nh hng n cht lng nc. Kh mui mn nc: dng phng php chng ct, ng bng, lc qua mng bn thm (mui t 10-4 35. 10-3 mg/l ), trao i ion, in phn, in gii. 1.4.3.3 Qu trnh x l vi sinh: Mc ch: loi cc vi sinh vt gy hi v kh trng nc.
BO CO THC TP
Phng php x l: a. Phng php x l nhit: Nguyn tc: s dng nhit tiu nhit vi sinh vt. Khi x l 100 0C, hu ht cc vi sinh vt u b tiu dit. Cc sinh vt bo t cn x l 120 0C. Phng php ny khng mang li hiu qu kinh t trong cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht. b. Phng php lc Nguyn tc: s dng kch thc l mng lc nh hn kch thc vi sinh vt trong nc loi chng ra. Phng php ny tn km chi ph cho trang b nn hin nay t c s dng . c. Phng php ha cht: Clo:
Cl2 + H2O Clorua vi Ca(OCl2)2 + H2O
HClO + HCl
HClO + HCl
HClO, Clorua vi: c tnh cht st khun v ph hy c h men ca vi sinh vt Phng php ny t s dng trong phng php sn xut nc gii kht v thng li mi c trng nhng s dng nhiu trong nc sinh hot. d. Phng php UV Dng tia cc tm c = 254 nm c kh nng tiu dit vi sinh vt cao nht. Cc nh my s dng n thy phn p lc thp pht ra tia cc tm, n c np thnh b, t trong hp thy tinh khng hp th tia cc tm pht tia cc tm v ngn cch n v nc. Trong hp ng c vch ngn phn phi khi nc chy qua hp c trn u nhm tng thi gian tip xc gia vi cinh vt costrong nc vi tia cc tm l cao nht. Lp nc i qua n vi dy l 6nm, nng lng tiu th t 6000- 13000mw cc loi n thy ngn hin nay c cng sut 30000 mw/s vi bn 3000- 4000h.
- 37
BO CO THC TP
u im : khng to mi l, lm mt tnh cht, to mi l cho nc, tiu dit hon ton vi sinh vt v bo t ca chng. Nhc im : chi ph cao c ca nc v cc cht nhn bm vo n ngn cn tia cc tm tc dng vo vi sinh vt nn hiu qu kh trng thp. e. Phng php kh trng ozon: Phng php ny rt ph bin, ng dng rng ri trong nh my sn xut nc gii kht. Ozon 03 c tnh cht oxy ha mnh ( tc dng mnh gp 300-600 ln so vi clo ) c tc dng ph hy bo t vi sinh vt. C tc dng cao hn hn cc loi ha cht ci cc loi siu vi trng l vi khun con men. C kh nng oxy h cc cht hu c gy mu, mi, v, trong nc rt tt. Cc th nghim cho thy : Sau 2 pht ci lng d Ozon 0.45ml/l th cc siu vi trng c th b tiu dit. Ozon l cht c nh mu tm, nhit bay hi -1120C. t ha tan trong nc so vi Clo, ha tan ph thuc vo nhit . Trong nc, ozon phn hy rt nhanh thnh oxi phn t v nguyn t. Ozon c kh nng oxy ha nhanh cc ion Fe2+, Mn2+, S2+, NO2- nhng khng oxy ha NH4+. i vi cc hp cht hu c, ozon c kh nng oxy ha trc tip cc lin kt C=C . Sn phm oxy ha ca cc qu trnh n thng l cc cht giu oxy v gim khi lng phn t cc cht. u im ca phng php ny l thi gian tc ng nhanh, hiu qu cao i vi vi khun , vi rt, to cn lng cht hu c tng phn cc, khng to cc trihalogenmetan gy c nh Clo nhng gi thnh u t cao, sau khi kh trng phi x l sinh hc. 1.4.4 Quy trnh x l nc : 1.4.4.1 S ca thit b x l nc
- 38
BO CO THC TP
1010 a
1 4 5 Hot cht ti sinh 8 3
9 10 b
6a 2
6b
7b
7a
8 ng x nc Nc x l Ghi ch: 1. Lc s b.
11
2. B cha. 3. Bm. 4. Lc vi bng. 5. Lc. 6a, 6b. Ct lc vi bng. 7a, 7b. Ct trao i ion. 8. Bn cha. 9. Lc. 10a, 10. H thng n cc tm. 11. Bn iu. 12. Gin ma.
- 39
BO CO THC TP
1.4.4.2 Quy trnh x l nc :
Nc Lc s b
Lc th
Lc tinh ln 1
Trao i ion
Lc tinh ln 2
X l UV
Nc x l Thuyt minh quy trnh: Nc: cng ty Tn Quang Minh s dng hai ngun nc mt t thy cc khu cng nghip Vnh Lc ( c thp, pH n nh) v ngun nc ngm c su 100m (nhit n nh 23 270C). a. Lc s b: Mc ch: loi b cc tp cht c kch thc ln nh ct, t, rc... v cc tp cht gy mi l nh Clo, H2S... Nc c bm vo b lc dng phun ma kh st v oxy ha cc cht c trong nc nh Clo... Li lc c 3 lp: Lp trn cng l ct,si.
- 40
BO CO THC TP
Lp gia l than (ngn cch gia lp trn v lp gia l lp vi ln nc v than). Lp di cng l trng. B cha vt liu lc cao 1,2m, 80% th tch b l vt liu lc, pha trn b l h thng phun ma bng cc ng nha c l v c ng h o nhit nc vo. Pha di b lc l b cha nc lc. Nguyn l hot ng: Nc phun t dn phun xung kh mi v oxi ha Fe2+ thnh Fe3+, Fe3+ kt hp vi nc to thnh Fe(OH)3 kt ta bm trn b mt vt liu lc. Cc tp cht nh bn, phn, cc cht gy mi cng c gi trn b mt lp vt liu lc. Nc s c chy vo b cha. b. Lc th Mc ch: loi cc tp cht l lng dng keo, huyn ph. Cu tao: Bn lc c dng hnh tr, pha trn c ng h p sut, bn trong c 4 tr nh v bng inox di l =70 cm, ng knh d = 2 cm, tng ng vi 4 cy inh lc. Cy lc l mt ng rng hnh tr c c l, ng knh cy lc 5 cm. Bn ngoi qun mt lp bng dy 5 cm, thm t bng nc v bc bn ngoi bng mt lp vi v buc cht bng dy thun. Mi ngy thay lp bng gn mi v ra sch vi, dy thun bng nc. c. Lc tinh Mc ch: loi b tp cht c kch thc > 1 m . Cu to: H thng x l c 3 bn lc tinh bng inox, trn bn c ng h o p sut. S lng vy nh v trong 3 bn ln lt l 24, 30, 60 cy. Chiu di cc cy nh v l 51 cm, cy lc l 50 cm. ng knh trong cy nh v l 3 cm, ngoi ra l 7 cm, ng knh l lc l 1 m . V sinh: mi ngy tho ng lc ch ngm trong dung dch H2O2 15%, dng nc ra sch trong v ngoi ng. d. Trao i ion Mc ch: lm mm nc v a nc v pH = 6-8 ph hp cho sn xut.
BO CO THC TP
Cu to: Thit b trao i ion c 2 ct trao i anion v cation, chiu di mi ct l l = 2m, ng knh l d = 50 cm, bn trong l cc ht nha cationit v anionit c gi li nh hai mt bch. Mi mt bch c 12 ng nh c chiu di l 20 cm, ng knh l 4,2cm. Trn mi ng u c cc rnh nh dn nc vo, kch thc cc l ca cc rnh nh hn kch thc ht nha nhm gi cc ht nha, pha di mi ng c l dn nc vo. Ht cationit v anionit c kch thc rt nh mu vng nht (trong ht cationit mu sm hn). Nh my c 3 h thng trao i ion. Nguyn l hot ng: Nc c di chuyn ln lt t ct cation n ct anion. Ti ct trao i cation: nc i t di ln tip xc vi ht nha cationit R[H+], cc cation nh Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ ... Tc dng ha hc vi catinoit v c gi li, nc i ra c hm lng ion kim loi thp nhng c tnh axit. Ti ct trao i anion: loi b cc ion OH-, Cl- ... Nc ra khi ct anion mm, t tp cht. e. Tit trng UV Mc ch: tiu dit vi sinh vt v bo t bng nh sng cc tm.
Cu to: L mt ng hnh tr di 50cm ng knh d = 12cm, bn trong l Nguyn l hot ng: dng nc qua h thng ny di tc dng ca tia
ng thy tinh ngn khng cho nc thm vo bng n v trong cng l n cc tm.
cc tm t nh sng ca n cc tm c bc sng = 2500 2600 A0 tiu dit vi sinh vt v bo t. nc ra t h thng tiu dit UV l nc sch. Cc yu t nh hng ti mc kh trng ca n UV: -
Cng bc x ca tia UV S lng vi sinh vt trong nc v thi gian lu thit b c ca nc (tp cht hu c v tp cht l lng ), cc tp cht ny
phn tn tia t ngoi nn tia t ngoi khng i xuyn ht lp nc. Hiu qu kh trng cao hn khi nc c c thp. y l l do h thng x l nc tit trng UV t cui cng sau cc qu
- 42 CNG TY TN QUANG MINH
trnh lc v trao i ion.

BO CO THC TP
Tin hnh: Nc c bm t b cha ln lt qua bn lc th loi b tp cht c kch thc > 1 m , qua bn lc tinh loi b tp cht nh hn. Tip nc qua ct cation ca h thng trao i ion loi cc ion kim loi, qua ct anion loi cc ion m nh Cl- , SO42- Nc tip tc qua bn 100 ml, ti y nc c ly mu kim tra, nu t yu cu th chuyn tip qua bn lc tinh ln hai gi li cc ht c kch thc rt nh (<1 m ) nc tip tc vo h thng lc vi sinh bng n cc tm loi b vi sinh vt v cc bo t c trong nc. - Cui cng nc c dn qua bn 200 l c ly mu kim tra. Nu t yu cu th c bm i sn xut. Nc s dng tha c hi lu v bnh cha. f. KCS x l nc: Sau mi gi KCS tin hnh ly mu kim tra nc. Mi ln ly 4 mu: 3 bnh 1000 lt v mt bnh 2000 lt. Cc ch tiu ca nc: Cm quan: trong sut khng mu, khng mi, khng v. Ha l: pH = 6.5 7.5 dn in: 0 50 cng: cc ion kim loi cn xt li khng ng k. Vi sinh: Ch s Ecoli: < 3 Vi khun k kh trong 1ml H2O: l 0 Vi khun hiu kh trong 1 ml H2O: < 10 khun lc sau 24 h 37 0C.
- 43
BO CO THC TP
g. S c v cch khc phc: Thit b S c B lc s b + Ct c kch thc nh lt qua l li, lng xung y. + Vt liu gim kh nng lc lm nc c. + B lc b nght do tp cht, bn, ct, Ct lc bng + Vi lc v dy thun v sinh khng sch hoc dy thun qun khng cht lm nc lc khng trong. Ct lc ch + V sinh cy lc khng sch. + Do ti s dng nhiu ln nn kch thc l mao qun ln, dn dn gim kh nng gi cc ht keo l lng v cn nh. Ct trao i ion + Cc ht nha gim kh nng hp th theo thi gian, nu khng nh k ti sinh th pH nc khng t lm nc b chua. + Mi hn ca ct lc b x lm nc chy ra ngoi. + B cc ct chn nha lm ht nha bung ra ngoi. ng lc vi sinh + Mi hn b h, nc chy qua ng thy tinh lm n chy. Cc ng ng + B b hoc b x do lu lng nc khng n nh. Bm + Bm b hng do lu lng nc qu ln.
Cch khc phc + Thng xuyn sc ra b. + Thay lp ct, ra sch v ti s dng. + Sc ra b nh k. + Lm v sinh tht sch vi lc v qun dy thun cht. + V sinh tht k. + nh k phi thay cy lc mi. + nh k ti sinh cc ht nha. + Kim tra cc mi hn thng xuyn. + Thay cc ct nha mi. + Phi hn li mi hn v thay bng n mi. + iu chnh lu lng nc. + Kim tra thng xuyn lu lng nc, cc van hi lu gim p lc bm. + Thay bm mi hoc sa cha.
- 44
BO CO THC TP
1.4.5 Lm lnh nc Mc ch: + Lm lnh nc 1-20C tng kh nng ha tan ca CO2 v gi CO2 trong nc + Gim tn tht CO2 khi chit rt + Trnh nhim vi sinh vt trong qu sn xut
Tin hnh: + Nc x l c bm qua thit b lm lnh dng tm kiu khung bn trao
i nhit gin tip vi glycol + Nc v dung mi ti lnh i ngc chiu nhau v lm lnh xung 1-20C + Nc sau lm lnh c a vo thit b bo ha CO2 1.4.6 Bo ha CO2
Mc ch: + + + Tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm, to v cay t u li khi ung CO2 bay hi lm gim nhit c th, gy cm gic mt d chu. Bo qun, hn ch s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt
Tin hnh: + Ti bn bo ha nc c bm qua b phn dng chp nn tng din
tch tip xc vi CO2 + + + CO2 sch c o lu lng v i vo thit b bo ha Nc v CO2 c phun vo nhau ri i vo bn cha CO2 u tin ha tan, sau lin kt t bo ha. Lc ny, p sut
to trn b mt l 3-4 kg/cm2 + CO2 d c thi b ti bn bo ha ny

BO CO THC TP
Nc bo ha c y qua phng chit rt nh p sut y ca CO2
1.4.7 Chit rt sn phm Mc ch: + Ko di thi gian bo qun nh trnh tc ng bn ngoi + Thun li cho qu trnh phn phi, vn chuyn sn phm + Hon thin sn phm Tin hnh: + Chit rt vo chai: Qu trnh chit rt c thc hin th cng 5 0c v p sut 0,5-1atm. Chai pet sau khi ra sch bng nc sch 2 ln sau ra bng dung dch chlorine 200ppm, cui cng ra li bng nc sch 2 ln nhm m bo sch chlorine. Soda t thit b bo ha theo ng ng bm vo phng chit rt. Soda c lc tinh ln na loi b tp cht ng ng Soda c bm vo chai n 1 lng nht nh, th tch sc khong 1.125lit Thm 1 lng siro bn thnh phm, chm thm soda nu cha th tch 1,25lit Sau em i ng np ngay trnh tn tht CO2. Chit rt vo lon Lon ra bng nc sch v chlorine trn h thng my ra. Sau lon c a vo h thng my chit rt. Nc gii kht c phi ch trong thit b bo ha CO2 s i qua b phn chit rt bng cch dng CO2 to lc y v nc gii kht i vo bn cha ca my chit rt t ng u tin lon c chy theo bng chuyn n my chit rt, tip theo my s gi v a lon ln bn cha lon v nc gii kht t thng cha c rt vo lon. Tip theo lon nc s n b phn ng np t ng. Np c a n t 1 bng chuyn khc. Sau lon s qua cng on kim tra ri qua qu trnh hp
BO CO THC TP
Hp- lm kh chai, lon 1.4.8 Hp chai, lon Mc ch + Nng nhit ca chai, lon n nhit thng chai cng cng ln thun li cho qu trnh dn nhn, n nh hnh dng chai, lon + Ngn nga s ti nhim ca vi sinh vt Tin hnh + Chai, lon sau chit rt c nhit 5-100c i vo thit b hp. Thit b hp gm 3 bung : Bung 1 : t0 = 24-260c Bung 2 : t0 = 25-270c Bung 3 : t0 = 36-370c Chai, lon i qua thit b hp s tip xc trc tip vi nc m c nhit tng dn mi bung hp. Khi nhit sn phm cng tng dn n nhit thng. Chai sau lm m c lm sch bng nc lnh trc khi ra khi bung hp. Nc sau truyn nhit c bm hon lu tr li. 1.4.9 Lm kh
Mc ch: lm kh hon ton chai chun b cho qu trnh indate v dn nhn. Tin hnh: + Chai sau khi ra khi bung hp c nhit t 30-330c i qua cc qut thi gn
dc bng ti. Khng kh nng c thi t cc qut s lm bay hi nc trn chai. + Chai sau khi lm kh i qua my indate. Ti y, h thng cm ng s pht hin v phun mc in ln np chai i vi chai pet v phun y i vi lon. + Chai sau khi indate c a i dn nhn. 1.4.10 Dn nhn, v thng
BO CO THC TP
Mc ch + Tng gi tr cm quan + Cung cp thng tin v sn phm + Thun li cho qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun sn phm + Qung b thng hiu
phm
Tin hnh : + Nhn c lm bng giy v ph PE. Trn nhn ghi y thng tin v sn
+ Khi sn phm chy trn bng ti,ngi cng nhn s a nhn vo chai ng v tr quy nh + Chai c a n mm xoay c xp vo thng 1.4.11 Kim tra thnh phm Kim tra bao b : + Hnh dng : khng c mp mo + kn : chai khng b thng, khng b x gaz + Nhn : dnh cht vo chai + cng : chai phi t cng nht nh, cn loi b nhng chai mm Cm quan : + Mu sc, mi v : c trng cho sn phm + Trng thi : lng, ng nht + trong : ty c tnh sn phm + ngm gaz : phi t yu cu t 3,5-4 g/l Ha l + Hm lng CO2 : 3-4 g/cm2 + Hm lng natri benzoat, kim loi nng : theo TCVN + Xc nh Bx : 60-70 g/l + Xc nh chua sn phm Vi sinh + Xc nh tng vi sinh vt hiu kh : 10 khun lc/ml + Xc nh coliform, e.coli : 0/1ml + Xc nh tng s bo t nm men, nm mc : 0/1ml + Cc vi khun gy bnh khc : 0/1ml
BO CO THC TP
2. SN XUT NC NGT KHNG GAS

2.1. S quy trnh:
ng
Ho tan
Nc
Acid citric
Chuyn ha
Lc
Lm ngui Nc tinh lc Mu, hng liu, ph gia
Pha ch
Chai sch
Chit rt
Ghp m
Th x
Lm kh
Dn nhn
V trng
Thnh phm
- 49
BO CO THC TP
2.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh a/ Chun b siro trng - Mc ch: chun b cho qu trnh pha ch siro mi. - Phng php thc hin: Thc hin bng phng php un nng gin tip. Qu trnh nu siro trong sn xut nc ngt c gas, c tn tr sn xut nc ngt khng gas. Ngha l qu trnh nu siro trong sn xut nc ngt khng gas hon ton ging vi cng on nu siro trong sn xut nc ngt c ga. b/ Pha ch: - Mc ch: ha tan cc thnh phn vi nhau to thnh nc gii kht khng gas c mu sc hng v c trng ca tng loi sn phm nh: cam, du, x x, da, to - Phng php: siro trng c bm qua bn pha ch sau phi trn hng mu, ph gia v nc tinh lc to thnh siro mi ri bm sang bn cao v chuyn vo chit rt. c/ Chit rt i vi nc ngt khng gas, nh my tin hnh chit rt siro mi theo phng php th cng. Th tch chit rt 80ml. d/ Ghp np Sau chit rt xong th chai c a sang ghp np v chai c th tch nh, ming chai nh nn c ghp np bng giy nhm, dng sc nng hn kn giy nhm vi ming chai. e/ Th x Ghp np xong ta tin hnh th x kim tra m hn c dnh cht ming chai khng, nu khng t phi em i hn li. f/ Hon thin sn phm Chai c lau kh dn nhn c d dng. Yu cu nhn phi c dnh vo chai. Dn nhn nhm mc ch cung cp thng tin v hnh nh to s hp dn cho sn phm. Cui cng chai c xp vo thng v c a i bo qun nh kho trc khi xut hng.
BO CO THC TP
2.3. Kim tra sn phm: a/ Kim tra bao b - Hnh dng - kn - Nhn - Vt liu bao b b/ Cm quan: - Mu sc c trng cho tng sn phm. - Mi v - trong c/ Ha l - Brix, pH d/ Vi sinh: - Kim tra E.Coli - Kim tra t cu khun - Kim tra nm men.
- 51
BO CO THC TP
3. CNG NGH SN XUT TR B AO

1. Quy trnh
ng, 211, ph gia khc Ha tan Gia mhit Gia nhit Phi trn Lon nhm Lc Siro Chit rt nh lng Nit Ghp np In Date Hp tit trng Lm ngui V thng V mng co Tr B ao Nit lng Acid citric Ct b ao, hng liu, mu
Sc ra
- 52
BO CO THC TP
2.Thuyt minh 2.1 Qu trnh nu
- u tin nh cc nguyn liu : caramel, ng, ct b ao, acid citric. Sau a

cc nguyn liu ny vo ni nu.
- Mc ch : chuyn cc cht ha tan v dng dung dch chun b cho qu trnh

chit rt.
- Phng php : hn hp nguyn liu c ha tan nhit 800c trong thi gian
5-10 pht. Khi dung dch t yu cu th chuyn ln bn trung gian a qua b phn chit rt. 2.2 Qu trnh chit rt
+ + +
-
Mc ch : Ngn chn s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt vo sn phm D vn chuyn, d phn phi, tin s dng Ko di thi gian bo qun ca sn phm Phng php :
+ +
Chit rt nng 750c nhm mc ch : ngn chn oxy khng kh, vi khun xm
nhp vo sn phm v bi kh Trong qu trnh chit rt c s dng nito lng. Nito lng c phun trc tip vo
lon ngay sau khi chit rt v trc khi ng np, nhm mc ch : lm cng lon v lon bng nhm rt d b bin dng trong qu trnh chit rt. Nhit nit lng l -2000c, p sut 5kg/cm2 + Khi phun nit lng vo sn phm th kh nng ha tan vo sn phm rt t. Trong thi gian bo qun, nit tch pha v nm trn b mt sn phm. Do , khi ngi tiu dng s dng, np lon c m ra th nit bay ra ht nn khng nh hng ti sc khe ngi tiu dng.
BO CO THC TP
+
lon.
Thit b chit rt : s dng my chit rt ca sn phm nc ngt c gas dng
2.3. Hp
Mc ch: h nhit t 750c xung 300c to iu kin cho qu trnh vn
chuyn sang cng on tit trng c d dng hn. Thit b: s dng thit b hp ca sn phm nc ngt c gas dng lon. Sau khi hp, lon c a qua my qut thi kh v indate.
2.4. Tit trng
ngui
Mc ch: tiu dit hon ton vi sinh vt cn li sau qu trnh chit rt. Nhit tit trng l 1200c trong 10 pht. Thit b : s dng my tit trng ca sn phm nc yn ngn nh. Lm
6 lon.
Mc ch : h nhit sau tit trng xung nhit phng. Phng php : s dng nc thng phun trc tip ln sn phm n khi
nhit t yu cu th ngng qua trnh lm ngui. Sau khi sn phm c lm ngui s c lau kh v xp thng, mi thng
- 54 Hnh 3.1:
BO CO THC TP
4. CNG NGH SN XUT NC YN NGN NH.

4.1. S quy trnh. (Qui trnh cn nhiu li sai cn sa li)
ng RE, gum, 211, ph gia khc Nm tuyt Trn kh Ha tan Hydrat ha Khuy u T0 = 70 0C T0 = 85 0C/10 pht Ha tan (85oC) Cht n nh
Ngm nc X l Ra sch Xay nh Ry KCS
Dung dch gel Lm ngui 1 Phi hng T0 = 75 0C Lon
Dung dch gel nh llohng
Chit rt Ghp m Lm ngui 2 KCS Hp tit trng Lm kh Bao mng co ng thng Cha kho tm ttamjta
Ra sch indate Np y
T0 = 125 0C/12-15 pht P = 2 at T0 = 35-40 0 C
24 h o thng, lc u
Nc Yn Ngn Nh
- 55
BO CO THC TP
4.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh. 4.2.1. Nguyn liu Nguyn liu gm c RE, nc tinh lc, gum, nm tuyt, benzoat, ph gia khc ... Cc qu trnh + Trn kh Mc ch : trn chung vi nguyn liu ng, benzoat, gum ... To iu
kin thun li cho qu trnh ha tan. + Ha tan Mc ch : ha tan hn hp nguyn liu ng, benzoat, gum thnh dung
dch ng nht, ng thi gim thi gian hydrat ha.
to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh ha tan, nc c nng nhit ln
700c ri mi cho hn hp vo ha tan. + Hydrat ha Qu trnh hydrat ha c thc hin 850c trong thi gian 10 pht. Mc ch : to iu kin thch hp cho hydrat ha hon ton to thnh dung
dch snh c kh nng treo l lng cc mnh nm tuyt. Ngoi ra nhit ny rt n nh c th ha tan tt v nhit ny c tc dng thanh trng sn phm. + Khuy u Mc ch : khuy u trn u hn hp, to dung dch gel ng nht. + Lc Mc ch : lc tch cc tp cht c th ln vo trong nguyn liu nhm
nng cao cht lng sn phm. + Lm ngui 1
- 56
BO CO THC TP
Mc ch : dung dch sau khi hydrat ha c nhit 850c do ta phi lm
ngui xung 750c to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh phi hng, gim tht thot hng. + Phi hng Mc ch : phi hng thm tng gi tr cm quan, to hng v c
trng cho sn phm nc yn ngn nh. + Chit rt
s cht. -
Nc yn c chit rt ng p nhit 700 C. Mc ch : chit rt nng hn ch nhim vi sinh vt v trnh oxi ha mt
Yu cu : lon phi c ra sch trc khi chit rt, lon khng c mp
mo, trn lon phi in y cc thng tin v sn phm nh thnh phn, hng dn s dng ... + Ghp m : Mc ch : lm kn sn phm, trnh nhim vi sinh vt. Yu cu : np y c in date r dng. Trc khi a vo ghp m y
phi c ra bng nc nng lm sch bi bn v hn ch nhim vi sinh vt vo sn phm. + KCS : Mc ch : KCS kim tra bao b : lon khng mp mo, mi ghp kn,
hn s dng c r rng. + Hp tit trng: Nc yn sau khi ghp m c cht vo xe bng inox sau cho vo ni hp tin hnh hp 1250c trong thi gian 12- 15 pht p sut 2at bng hi nc. Mc ch : tiu dit hon ton h vi sinh vt v bo t ca vi sinh vt trong
nc yn nhm ko di thi gian bo qun.

BO CO THC TP
+ Lm ngui: Nc yn sau khi hp xong c lm ngui qua 2 giai on : Giai on 1 : lm ngui ngay trong ni hp bng vi nc. Giai on 2 : lm ngui bn ngoi bng vi nc. Mc ch : lm ngui xung nhit 35-400c thun li cho vic thao tc
cc cng on hon thin sn phm v lm ngui bo qun. + Lm kh- bao mng co ng thng : Mc ch: hon thin sn phm
+ Cha kho tm- o thng lc u: Nc yn trong qu trnh hp nhit cao lm nht ca dung dch gel gim do khng c kh nng gel l lng cc mnh nm tuyt b sa lng xung y lon. Sau khi cha kho tm 24h, nhit ca sn phm n nh, lc ny dung dch c kh nng gel tt do ta o thng lc u cho cc mnh nm tuyt b lng phn y lon x ln phn trn v c gel l lng. Nm tuyt Nm tuyt c ngm nc cho trng n mm sau tin hnh ct b cung, phn h ri ra sch xay. Sau c nu nhit 900c trong 10 pht, lm chn, gip kh mi v tiu dit mt phn vi sinh vt. Nm tuyt sau khi nu c em i xay nh sau ra s bng nc m ng thi loi ra nhng mnh khng t yu cu, ri ro nc. Sau cho vo ry cho vo nc kim tra nu nc t yu cu th tin hnh nh lng vo lon a i chit rt. Mt s thng tin v sn phm: Thnh phn: + Hm lng ng 77g/l + X th 0-3 g/l + Ngn nh 5-10g/l + Natri benzoat < 0,6g/l Hng dn s dng: lc trc khi ung.
BO CO THC TP
Hn s dng 2 nm.
5. SA CHUA UNG YOBI

5.1. S quy trnh. bt Sa
Nc x l
T0 = 600C
Lm ngui gin tip Thanh trng Lm ngui Lm ngui Lm ngui
Ha tan ng + n nh Gia nhit Lm ngui gin tip Lm ngui trc tip T0 = 850C/ 10 pht T0 = 450C T0 = 350C ng RE, cht bo qun, acid citric T0 = 750C P = 200 bar T0 = 920C/ 5 pht T0 = 700C Hng liu, mu T0 = 650C
Phi trn Gia nhit KCS ng ha
Yohurt
Chai, hp nha
Thanh trng Lm ngui Phi trn ph Chit rt Hon thin sn phm
KCS Sc, ra sch Chai, hp nha sch
- 59 Thnh phm
BO CO THC TP
5.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh 5.2.1 Chun b dch yoghurt a. Sa bt Sa bt nguyn kem trc khi a vo nh my cn c tin hnh kim tra cc ch tiu cht lng nh: hm lng cht bo, cht m, ng lactose, tng vi sinh vt, trc khi a vo sn xut. Cht lng sa bt c nh gi thng qua cc nhm ch tiu sau: Ch tiu cm quan: trng thi, mu sc, mi, v. Ch tiu ha l: m, t trng, kh nng ha tan, chua, kch thc ht,
hm lng cht dinh dng. Ch tiu vi sinh: tng s vi khun hiu kh, s vi sinh vt gy bnh nh:
E.coli, Salmonela, Staphylococcus, Clostridium b. Ha tan Mc ch:
+ Ha tan hon ton sa bt thnh dng dung dch ng nht, to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh ln men. + Hon nguyn sa tr v trng thi ban u. Tin hnh
+ Sa bt c kim tra cht lng v nh lng cho tng m nu. + Kim tra, v sinh sch thit b, ni nu. + Bm nc vo theo t l tng ng vi lng bt.
M van hi gia nhit nc n 450c trong thit b ni 2 v.
+ Khi ng cnh khuy tc 120 vng/pht. + Cho sa bt nguyn kem nh lng vo ni, cho t t kh nng ha tan sa bt l cao nht.
BO CO THC TP
+ Nu ha tan nhit thp kh ha tan hon ton c sa, dung dch ln men s khng ng nht lm nh hng n qu trnh ln men. Mt khc, nhit thp s ko di thi gian gy nh hng n hiu qu sn xut. Nhng nu ha tan sa bt nhit cao qu s gy hin tng vn cc. Phi thng xuyn kim tra ha tan ca dch sa ln men nng ln nhit thanh trng. c. Thanh trng - Mc ch + Tiu dit cc vi sinh vt gy bnh v v hot cc enzyme trong sa. + Lm bin tnh s b cc protein, lm yu cc lin kt trong nguyn liu to iu kin cho vi khun lactic d dng hot ng. - Tin hnh
+
pht.
M rng thm van hi vo, gia nhit dch sa ln 750c, gi nhit ny 10
+ Trong sut qu trnh thanh trng, cnh khuy hot ng lin tc. + Khi thi gian thanh trng th kha van hi li, a dch sa i lm ngui chun b ln men. d. Lm ngui, Mc ch:
+ a sa v nhit thch hp cho qu trnh ln men. + Sa tr v trng thi ban u( protid trng n, cc mui trng thi cn bng, kh nng ha tan trit hn,) Tin hnh
+ Sa sau thanh trng c bm qua bn ln men v sinh sch.
Lm ngui bng dng nc lnh chy gia 2 lp v ca bn ln men n nhit
43- 440c. Gi nhit ny trong khong 1- 2 gi sa tr li trng thi ban u.
- 61
BO CO THC TP
e. Ln men Mc ch
+ Chuyn ha ng lactose thnh acid lactic, ng thi to ra nhng cht thm cho sn phm. + Chun b dch yoghurt cho qu trnh phi trn. Tin hnh
+ Men dng ln men sa chua ung yobi l loi men c kt hp gia 2 chng vi khun Sthermophylus v L. Bugaricus. Chng c kh nng lm gim pH n 3,7- 3,8 v to hng rt mnh, sinh nhiu acetaldehyt, aceton v diacetyl.
Men c bo qun - 100c, khi cn s dng ly ra mt t.
+ Trc khi cho men vo dch sa tin hnh ln men, phi ha tan men vo mt t dch sa, khuy u 10 pht ri mi cho vo trong bn ln men. + Tin hnh khuy dch sa khong 15 pht lng men cho vo phn tn u trong dch, tt cnh khuy chun b ln men. + Kim tra nhit ca dch, p sut trong ni qua nhit k v p k trn thn ni. Kim tra xem ni kn cha v bt u tnh thi gian ln men.
Nhit ln men 43- 440c thun li cho vi khun lactic hot ng
+ Thi gian ln men 9- 10 gi + Sau khi ln men c 9 gi ta ly 1 cc sch ly mu sa, kim tra pH, cm quan mi v, trng thi ca mu yoghurt. Kim tra thng xuyn n khi pH bng 4,04,1 th dng qu trnh ln men, chun b a i phi trn. Lu o Nu ln men qu thi gian m pH cha t, cn b sung acid citric theo yu cu o Thit b c th np cnh khuy thc y qu trnh chuyn khi trong mi trng, tng tc ha tan khi b sung cht iu chnh pH
BO CO THC TP
o
43- 440c
Trong qu trnh ln men khng cn gia nhit v qu trnh ny sinh nhit. Chnh
nhit sinh ra trong qu trnh ln men gip cho nhit trong thit b lun t yu cu
o Chun b dch siro v dch n nh f. Ha tan - Mc ch: + To dung dch ng nht, n nh + Chun b dch sirro cho qu trnh phi trn - Tin hnh: + V sinh sch s thit b nu v cc thit b ph tr + Bm nc vo theo t l tng ng vi lng bt cho vo + M van hi, gia nhit nc ln 600c trong thit b ni 2 v + Khi ng cnh khuy, tc 100 vng/pht + Ly 1 phn trong lng ng cn cho vo trong cng thc phi trn kh theo t l: cht n nh/ ng = 1/5, cht n nh/ nc = 1/40 v cho t t vo ni nu. V cht n nh rt kh tan, kh nng trng n ln, rt d b vn cc nn phi cho cnh khuy hot ng tc cao nhm t c ha tan trit . g. Gia nhit Mc ch:
+ Tiu dit cc vi sinh vt trong nguyn liu + Ha tan trit cc cht to hn hp ng nht Tin hnh:
+ Nc tip tc c gia nhit ln 850c v gi nhit ny trong 10 pht + Cnh khuy lin tc hot ng khuy o khi siro + Ly mu kim tra ha tan
BO CO THC TP
h. Lm ngui
Mc ch: lm ngui dch siro xung
450c gn bng vi nhit yoghurt chun b cho qu trnh phi trn. Tin hnh:
+ M van cho nc lnh chy vo gia hai v ca bn ln men. + Lm ngui khi dich siro n 450c. + Cho mt t nc x l vo trong dch h nhit d xung 35-400C. 5.3. Sn xut sa chua ung. a. Phi trn 1, gia nhit. Mc ch:
+ Trn dch siro, yoghurt, cht bo qun chun b sn xut sa chua. + Tng kh nng ha trn trit vo nhau gia cc thnh phn hn hp. + To hn hp ng nht. + Gia nhit n nhit thch hp cho qu trnh ng ha. Tin hnh:
+ Ni nu phi c v sinh sch s, bt cnh khuy tc thp. + M van cho dch siro v yoghurt ti cc bn cha vo ni nu theo t l cn phi trn. + Tip tc cho phn ng cn li vo ni. + Khuy u v gia nhit 750c, cho cht bo qun vo. + Trong qu trnh phi trn, KCS thng xuyn ly mu kim tra pH, cm quan v. Nu cha t chua cn thit th s b sung thm axit citric n pH=3,9-4,0. + Khi hn hp ng nht th tin hnh bm dch i dng ha.
- 64
BO CO THC TP
* Ch Khi tin hnh phi trn, phi h nhit dch siro tng ng vi nhit
yoghurt trnh hin tng tch lp trong qu trnh ch bin v bo qun. b. ng ha Mc ch: Phi trn theo ng cng thc. Phi m bo cc thng s k thut m ba cht lng sn phm.
+ Lm gim kch thc cc ht cu bo, lm chng phn tn u trong sa to hn hp ng nht. + Chng lai s tch pha cht bo, to vng sa trn b mt trong qu trnh bo qun nh tng din tch tip xc b mt cc pha v tng sc cng b mt ca chng. + Gim kh nng oxi ha cht bo, + Tng cht lng sn phm sa nh s phn tn cream, thay i thnh phn tnh cht protein. + Tng gi tr cm quan. + Gip c th hp thu d dng. Tin hnh:
+ My ng ha trc khi s dng phi c v sinh sch s + Sa sau phi trn 1 c gia nhit n 750c trong ni 2 v c cnh khuy, c bm vo thit b ng ha 2 cp. + H xilanh, pittong hot ng y sa qua cc van ng ha, cc cu bo s b chia nh. My ng ha hot ng p sut 200 bar, 75-800c. + Sa trong qu trnh ng ha c hon lu lin tc vo thit b gia nhit ban u. + KCS kim tra dch sa sau ng ha.
BO CO THC TP
+ Sa sau ng ha c bm vo thit b tit trng. c. Thanh trng Mc ch:
+ Tiu dit vi sinh vt trong sa, trnh gy bin i cht lng sn phm, c th bo qun sn phm trong khong thi gian di. Tin hnh:
+ Sa sau ng ha c bm sang ni nu v thanh trng gin tip bng hi nc nhit 920c trong vng 5 pht. + Do pH ca sn phm thp, pH=3,9-4,0 nn c tc dng hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt rt tt. Ngoi ra, trong sa c s dng mt s cht bo qun nn ta ch cn thanh trng 920c l t yu cu, sn phm sau khi thanh trng c th bo qun c ti 1 nm. Yu cu: trnh thanh trng nhit cao trong thi gian di s lm thay i cc thnh phn trong sa theo hng xu: gy mu xu cho sn phm do phn ng caramen ha, protein bin tnh gy kt ta. d. Lm ngui. Mc ch:
+ a nhit sa v nhit thch hp cho qu trnh rt nng 60-650c. + To iu kin cho qu trnh phi trn 2. Tin hnh:
+ Sa sau tit trng c bm vo ni inox 2 v dng hnh chp. + Cho cnh khuy hot ng. + M van cho nc lnh i vo v ni trao i nhit gin tip vi sa bn trong. + Sau thi gian truyn nhit, nhit sa h xung 65-700c l nhit thch hp cho phi trn. + Nc sau truyn nhit c x ra ngoi qua y thit b.
BO CO THC TP
e. Phi trn 2 Mc ch
+ Phi trn mu, hng cho sa tng gi tr cm quan. + Lm a dng dng sa chua. Tin hnh
+ Sa sau lm ngui n 650c c bm qua thit b phi trn c cu to nh ni lm ngui, cho cnh khuy hot ng. + Hng liu, mu thc phm c nh lng v cho vo thit b qua phu np liu. +Khuy trn hn hp trong thi gian nht nh cc thnh phn trn u vo nhau + Theo di mu sc, ng u qua ng thy. + Bm dch sa ln bn trung gian tin hnh chit rt. f. Chit chai v hon thin sn phm
Mc ch: Qu trnh chit rt c thc hin 65-700C nhm:
+ Hn ch ti thiu lng oxi ha tan. + Hn ch ti a s bin i cht lng sn phm do qu trnh oxi ha + Trnh s pht trin ca vi sinh vt hiu kh trong sn phm. + Gim thiu s nhim khun t bn ngoi trong qu trnh chit rt. Hon thin sn phm c tc dng: + Thng tin cho ngi tiu dng v: cht lng sn phm, thnh phn, ch tiu, thi hn s dng. + Thun li cho ngi tiu dng trong qu trnh s dng + Hng dn cho ngi s dng cch bo qun s dng. +Qung b thng hiu.
BO CO THC TP
+Bo qun v vn chuyn d dng. Tin hnh:
+ Chun b chit rt: V trng my rt bng nc nng, chai l c ra sch bng dung dich clorine 200ppm, sau c ra li bng nc sch v thi kh. Cng nhn phi c trang b gng tay, khu trang, m v st khun bng cn. Dung dch sa chun b chit rt 650c v c a t bn trung gian vo bn chit rt. + Chit rt: sa chai 110ml c rt bng my, hn kn t ng vi tc 1200ml/h sau chai c chuyn n my dn nhn, p mng co, indate, xp lc ri v thng. + Sa thnh phm c kim tra sch s trong sut qu trnh hon thin sn phm. KCS phi thng xuyn quan st h ca mi hn, dn nhn, indate kp thi loi b sn phm khng t yu cu. g. Kim tra thnh phm. Cc ch tiu cm quan
+ Trng thi: dung dch ng nht, mn, snh, khng tch lp v khng c cn li. + Mu sc c trng cho tng loi sn phm. + Mi hng: c trng ca sa ln men v hng tri cy cng tn vi sn phm. + V: sn phm c v chua ngt hi ha, khng c v l. Ch tiu ha l. Ch tiu vi sinh.
6. SN XUT RAU CU
BO CO THC TP
6.1. S quy trnh

ng RE, 211, bt rau cu, cht to ng khc Thch Da Ngm nc lnh Ngm nc si Sn ng 20 % KCS nh lng Trn kh Ha tan Nu Phi trn Chit rt Hn hp KCS Ngm nc nng Lm ngui Sy kh nh lng Bao gi 850C/ 5pht 850C/ 10 pht 700C
Hng, mu, citrric
Chn nha
Mng phc hp
Rau cu
- 69
BO CO THC TP
6.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh. 6.2.1. Nguyn liu Nguyn liu sn xut rau cu gm: ng RE, nc tinh lc, bt rau cu, cht bo qun 211, hng thc phm, mu thc phm v mt s cht to ng khc. 6.2.2 Cc qu trnh 6.2.1. Trn kh Mc ch: cc nguyn liu ng, agar, 211 c trn chung vi nhau nhm to iu kin cho vic ha tan c ng u. 6.2.2. Ha tan Mc ch: ha tan ng, bt rau cu, 211 thnh dung dch ng nht. to iu kin thun li cho vic ha tan, ta nng nhit ca nc ln 85 0c
6.2.3. Nu -
v nhit ny kh nng ha tan ca bt rau cu v 211 l tt nht. h tr cho qu trnh ha tan ta dng thit b ha tan.
Mc ch: to iu kin thun li cho bt rau cu v cht to ng trng
n tt, ngoi ra cn c tc dng thanh trng.
Qu trnh nu c tin hnh 850c trong vng 10 pht
6.2.4. Phi trn Mc ch; phi trn hng, mu ,citric nhm to mu sc, hng v c
trng cho sn phm, a dng ha sn phm.
Dung dch sau khi nu 850c c lm ngui 700c sau tin hnh phi
trn trnh tht thot hng, to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh phi hng. Yu cu: hng liu s dng phi nm trong danh mc ca b y t.
- 70
BO CO THC TP
6.2.5. Chit rt. Qu trnh chit rt c thc hin 700c. Mc ch: chit rt nng nhm:
+ Trnh nhim vi sinh vt. + To iu kin thun li cho vic chit rt do dung dch c nht cao. 6.2.6. Ghp m. Mc ch:
+ Lm kn sn phm trnh nhim vi sinh vt. + Qung b thng hiu, cung cp thng tin cho ngi tiu dng. 6.2.7. Ngm nc nng Mc ch: ngm trong nc nng 80-850c c tc dng thanh trng sn phm. 6.2.8. Lm ngui Mc ch: sn phm sau khi ngm nc nng c nhit cao khong 700c cn lm ngui bng nc xung nhit 35-400c to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh sy kh. 6.2.9. Sy kh Mc ch:
+ Lm kh nc dnh t bn ngoi + Lm ngui sn phm v nhit phng d bo qun Qu trnh sy c thc hin bng thit b sy bng ti/
- 71
BO CO THC TP
7. Cng ngh sn xut nc tinh khit

7.1 Quy trnh cng ngh
Thng cha x l Ngm nc mui Ra nc Ra Cloramin B Ra bng nc sch Kim tra Bc vng
Nc x l Lc than hot tnh Lc ch Lc giy Sc Ozon UV Chit rt ng np Dn nhn
Np cha x l Ngm cn Ra sch bng nc x l
Nc tinh khit
Mng co
7.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh Nc sau khi x l c bm vo bn ti phng sn xut nc tinh khit, nc c x l qua cc cng on sau: 7.2.1 Lc than hot tnh - Mc ch: loi b mu, mi hp th cc cht tr v mt ha hc, cc tp cht cn li trong nc sau khi x l s b. Yu cu sau khi lc + Nc khng c mi v l. + Mu ca nc o bng n v TCU. + c 2 n v NTU. 7.2.2 Lc ch Sau khi lc than hot tnh, nc c a i lc ch c kch thc 1m. Mc ch: Loi b nhng cn mn sau khi lc than v loi b 1 phn VSV
trong nc.
BO CO THC TP
7.2.3 Lc giy Sau khi qua lc ch nc c a qua lc giy c kch thc l 0,2m. Mc ch: loi b nhng cn c kch thc < 1 m ng thi loi b 1
phn VSV trong nc do vi sinh vt c kch thc > 0,2 m s c gi li trn lp giy lc. Nc sau khi qua lc ch v lc giy phi tha mn yu cu: + Hm lng cn khng tan 3mg/l. + Vi khun k kh 1ml nc = 0. 7.2.4 Kh trng nc Sau qu trnh x l a s vi khun b gi li nhng trong nc vn cn cha VSV, v vy nc c em i kh trng. nh my Tn Quang Minh qu trnh x l qua 2 giai on: x l Ozon v bng tia cc tm. Kh trng bng Ozon: Khi Ozon c sc vo nc Ozon s phn ly thnh Oxi v Oxi nguyn t. Oxi nguyn t xm nhp vo t bo VSV, siu vi khun qua 2 giai on: - Giai on 1: Khuch tn - Giai on 2: ph hy men t bo, ph hy nguyn sinh cht. + u im: Ph hy nguyn sinh cht gip tiu dit vi khun m cc ha cht khc khng tiu dit c do vi khun u c men. Lm gm nng cht hu c, gim nng cc cht hot tnh. Lm tng nng Oxi ha tan Chuyn ha NH thnh NO 4 3
+ Nhc im Vn u t ban u cao Tiu tn in.
- 73
BO CO THC TP
- Kh trng bng tia cc tm Tia cc tm l tia c bc x in c bc sng khong 4 400 m. Tia cc tm c tc dng lm thay i DNA ca t bo vi khun khi bc sng bng 254 m. Tia cc tm c kh nng kh trng cao nht. nh my Tn Quang Minh dng n thy ngn p lc thp pht tia cc tm vi bc sng 254 m. + u im: Khng lm thay i tnh cht ha hc v vt l ca nc Vi sinh b tiu dit mt cch nhanh chng + Nhc im: Chi ph vn hnh cao. c ca nc v cht nhn bm vo n c th lm ngn cn tia cc tm tc dng vo vi khun lm cho hiu qu kh trng thp. + Yu cu Nc sau khi kh trng phi c v trng hon ton 7.2.5 X l bao b - X l bnh Do bnh l vt liu c lu ngy c ti s dng nn phi em i x l trc khi a vo chit rt m bo v sinh. + Cch tin hnh Trc tin bnh c ngm trong dung dch nc mui c nng 10% trong 30 pht loi bt VSV ri ra qua nc x l sau ra bng Cloramin B 120 ppm dit hon ton vi sinh vt v ty trng bnh. Sc ra bng nc x l bnh sch khng cn ha cht, m bo sc khe cho ngi tiu dng. Sau khi thng t yu cu s c bc vng m ri a qua khu chit rt.
BO CO THC TP
X l np
Np l vt liu ti s dng nn phi c x l. Np sau khi v sinh sch c ngm trong cn 75 kh trng ri ra sch em i qua khu chit rt. 7.2.6 Chit rt hon thin sn phm Nc sau khi t tiu chun ca nc tinh khit s c em i chit rt, sau em i dn nhn cung cp thng tin sn phm v c a vo qu trnh mng co. Sn phm nc tinh khit gm c bnh 21 lt, 5 lt, 1,5 lt, 500ml. 7.3 Kim tra cht lng nc tinh khit Nc tinh khit sau khi ng chai s tha mn cc ch tiu ca b y t:
Cc ch tiu Cm quan Mi Mu V Ha l c pH cng oxy ha St tng cng Tng cht rn ha tan
n v tnh
Nc x l
Nc tinh khit
0 0 0
0 0 0
2 6,5 7,5 mg CaCO3/l mg/l mg/l mg/l 1 0,3 0 260
1 6,5 7,5 0,5 0,2 0 200
- 75
BO CO THC TP
7.4 Cc s c v bin php khc phc
Thit b Lc than hot tnh
Cc s c
Bin php khc phc
Than hot tnh khng ti sinh dn Ti sinh v thay than hot n hp th mi km tnh nh k
Lc giy
Nght l do kch thc l qu b dn Thay ct lc,ti sinh nh n lc khng hiu qu k
Lc ch
Khng thng xuyn thay ct ch, Thay ct ch v v sinh lm mt kh nng lc ct ch nh k
H thng x l Ozon B h hng khng sinh Ozon dit vi Vn hnh thit b ng khun nguyn tc, c phng php sa cha v thay th kp thi n cc tm B m, h hng Thay bng n nu n b h hng hay m, v sinh sch v nha hay ng thy tinh Cc ng ng B x do khng cn bng p hay lu Kim tra ng ng nh lng nc qu ln dn n p sut k v c bin php thay tng cao gy b ng ng dn nc th sa cha.
7.5 V sinh thit b m bo cht lng nc thnh phm cn kim tra v sinh thit b sau mi ca sn xut cn thit. Nu vic kim tra v v sinh thit b c thc hin tt s rt c li cho khu sn xut, hn ch s c c th xy ra 1 cch thp nht ng thi x l cc s c 7.5.1 Bn lc than hot tnh
- 76
BO CO THC TP
_ Than sau 1 thi gian s dng s mt hoc gim kh nng kh mi, mu. Do cn phi c ti sinh than hot tnh _ Cch tin hnh: Than em ngm trong nc x l 1 ngy ri phi kh v em rang, thi gian 2 ngy ti sinh 1 ln, bn ra sch bng nc. 7.5.2 Bn lc ch Bn v cc thanh Inox c nh phi ra bng nc. Ct ch lc x l v lm sch bng cch: Ct ch lc c ngm trong oxy gi 5 6 % trong 1 ngy sau c x l ri ro, sau 1 ngy thay ct lc 1 ln.
- 77
BO CO THC TP
8. Cng ngh sn xut nc tng lc

8.1 S cng ngh
Nguyn liu
Nc, acid citric
Nu
Chai nha, lon
Siro trng Acid citric, taurin, inositol, vitamin (B1, B6, B12, PP, C), mu thc phm Ra Phi trn Tit trng Thanh trng Ra ln 2
Nc thng Clorami nB 200ppm
Lm ngui
Nc tinh khit
Chit rt
Chai sch
Ghp np
Hon thin sn phm
Thnh phm
- 78
BO CO THC TP
8.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh a. Nguyn liu Nguyn liu sn xut nc tng lc gm: ng glucose, ng saccharose, nc tinh khit, cht bo qun, taurin, inositol, hn hp vitamin, hng liu. Cc nguyn liu trc khi a vo sn xut c KCS kim tra. b. Qu trnh nu ng Nc tinh khit c gia nhit ln 850C, sau cho ng, cht bo qun, tip tc un ln 91 950C, trong qu trnh ny b sung thm acid citric chuyn ha ng khong 10 pht. Kim tra t Brix th em i phi trn. c. Phi trn Siro trng c phi trn vi cc nguyn liu cn li to thnh siro mi c mu sc v hng v c trng v pha ch vi nc tinh khit. d. Thanh trng Mc ch: tiu dit vi sinh vt, ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm. Thanh trng nhit 910C/ 10 pht. e. Lm ngui Dung dch c lm ngui xung 600C qu trnh chit rt c d dng. f. Chit rt Chit rt nng 600C trnh s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt. Bidrico nc tng lc c chit rt trong chai nha th tch 110 ml v lon nha 250 ml. Chai nha trc khi a vo chit rt c xc ra sch v KCS kim tra. g. Hon thin sn phm Sau khi chit rt xong chai, lon c ghp np v a i lau kh, dn nhn, v mng co ri ng thng
BO CO THC TP
9. Hot ng qun l v kim tra cht lng sn phm ti cng ty

9.1. nh gi chung v cht lng sn phm ca cng ty Sn phm ch yu ca cng ty l nc ngt c gas, nc tinh khit, nc tng lc, tr b ao, sa chua, rau cu lun t cc tiu chun hng u Vit Nam trong nhiu nm lin. Cc sn phm lun c cc khch hng tin cy v c uy tn trn th trng. Nguyn nhn l: Thi gian ny, my mc thit b cua cng ty cn mi. Nguyn vt liu lun m bo v s lng v cht lng. Cng ty d p dng h thng v qun l cht lng nh ISO, HACCP, GMP nn lun m bo c cc yu cu ra. Sn phm lm ra c t l h hng thp. Cc c tnh, cng dng ca sn phm p ng c cc thay i ca nhu cu th trng v m bo tiu chun cht lng m cng ty ng k. Th trng cng nh th phn ca cng ty khng ngng c m rng v chim c lng tin ngy cng cao ca khch hng.
9.2. Tiu chun cht lng sn phm

Cc tiu chun cht lng cng nh yu cu v kinh t k thut cu cng ty u theo tiu chun ng k v theo yu cu ca khch hng.
STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tn sn phm Tr xanh A*nuta Nc ngt c gas Sa chua tit trng Nc p tri cy Nc tng lc Red Tiger Nc ung tinh khit Tr b ao Rau cu Sm cao ly Nc yn ngn nh
VT Chai Chai Hp Lon Chai, lon Bnh, chai Lon Bch Lon Lon
Mc cht lng ng k TCVN TCVN TCVN TCVN TCVN TCVN TCVN TCVN TCVN TCVN
Phng php ly mu Ly ngu nhin Ly ngu nhin Ly ngu nhin Ly ngu nhin Ly ngu nhin Ly ngu nhin Ly ngu nhin Ly ngu nhin Ly ngu nhin Ly ngu nhin
(Ngun: Phng KCS cng ty TNHH TN QUANG MINH)
9.3. Cng tc qun l cht lng sn phm

9.3.1. Quy trnh kim sot Quy trnh c thit lp nhm a ra h thng kim sot v gim st cc qu trnh sn xut m bo cht lng sn phm u ra v gim thiu sai st xy ra tr ong qu trnh ch bin.
BO CO THC TP
Tt c nhn vin phng KCS chu trch nhim gim st cc qu trnh, ghi chp v ngn chn cc s c c kh nng nh hng n cht lng sn phm. Ni dung gim st: kim sot ton b qu trnh phi trn, chit rt v hon thin sn phm bng cc thng s vt l: nhit , p sut, m,...Kim sot cc cng on x l nh: v sinh dng c bao gi, thi kh, lm lnh, phi trn, nu, chit rt, bao gi,... m bo khng lm h hng sn phm.
- 81
BO CO THC TP
Quy trnh kim tra nguyn liu bao b S kim tra
Yu cu kim tra nguyn vt liu
Kim tra chng t
Bin php x l Ly mu
Kim tra cht lng
Nguyn vt liu khng ph hp
Bo co kt qu
Dn nhn (nhp kho)
Lu h s
- 82
BO CO THC TP
Quy trnh kim tra cht lng sn phm
Yu cu kim tra cht lng sn phm
Ly mu
Kim tra, nh gi
Sn phm khng ph hp
X l
Bo co
Kim tra
Lu h s
- 83
BO CO THC TP
9.4. Hot ng x l cc sn phm khng ph hp Tt c cc cng on trong qu trnh sn xut t thu nhn nguyn liu u vo, ch bin cho n hon thin sn phm phi c kim tra, o lng v gim st mt cch cht ch nhm nhn dng v x l kp thi s khng ph hp, m bo tnh hon thin ca sn phm. Ni dung: Dng li Nguyn nhn Hnh ng khc phc Thc hin sai trnh t, iu chnh kp thi cc thao tc, cn ong sai thng s nu c th trng lng, ly sai Con ngi C lp l hng, m sn nguyn liu phm ch x l Lp bo co, bin bn x Cc yu t: nhit , p l sut, thi gian,... Sn phm mt date ngh CN vn hnh my my khn cp Ghp np khng at My mc Bo NV c in sa cha Sn phm thiu CO2, N2 C lp hng ch x l Sn phm chit b lng Lp bin bn, bo co ch hay qu y x l Bao b khng ph hp v C lp l hng kiu dng, cht liu, kch Bo co nh cung cp c Lp bin bn, bo co ch x l Nhn mc khng ph hp Nguyn vt liu v thng tin, mu sc, kiu dng Nguyn vt liu khng t v ch tiu cht lng Sn phm b tch, lng Phng php C lp l hng Bo phng CN ch bin Sn phm b nhim vi sinh Lp bin bn, bo co ch Sn phm b bin i x l mu, mi v Bao b thng (do cn Bo qun C lp l hng trng cn ph) Bo kho Lp bin bn, bo co ch x l (Ngun: Phng KCS cng ty TNHH TN QUANG MINH)
- 84
BO CO THC TP
10. Nng sut lao ng ca cc cng on. Tn thit b Dy chuyn sn xut nc ngt loi 330ml Dy chuyn sn xut tr xanh, nc p tri cy Dy chuyn sn xut nc yn, sm cao Dy chuyn sn xut nc tng lc Dy chuyn sn xut sa chua Yobi Dy chuyn sn xut nc ngt c gas S lng 1 Cng sut 9600lon/h Nc sn xut Trung Quc Nm sn xut Mi
10.000 chai/h
Trung Quc
Mi
1 1 1 1
9000 lon/h 8000 chai/h 12500 chai/h 7200 chai/h
i loan Trung Quc Trung Quc Trung Quc
Mi Mi Mi Mi
(Ngun: Phng KCS cng ty TNHH TN QUANG MINH)
PHN III: MY MC V THIT B CA NH MY

L HI
1. Cc thng s c bn:
Nhit l hi: 1800C p sut: 10 at Lng hi cung cp: 1000 kg/gi Nhin liu chnh: Du FO Hi c cung cp cho b phn nh my nh nu ng, nu sa, thanh trng, hp lon, tit trung, cng ty ny s dng l hi LHD1-10. T hp ng l v ng la,
BO CO THC TP
l c kt cu t mt ng l, thn l v 2 dn ng la. Bung t c b tr trong ng l.
2. Nguyn tc hot ng:

Nhin liu qua s hot ng ca h thng, nhin liu c t chy trong ng l, ngn la v khi nng truyn nhit bc x cho thnh ng l ri i ra hp khi sau. T hp khi sau, khi nng i theo dng ng la hai bn sn l truyn nhit i lu cho dng ng v i ra hp khi trc. T hp khi trc, khi nng i ra theo dng ng la trn ng l v truyn nhit i lu nt cho dng ng . Cui cng qua qut ht (nu c) v thot ra ngoi qua ng khi.
3. Cch vn hnh (l hi LHD 1 10 ):

M van du FO ngoi bn cha. M van nc x l. Bt CB tng, bm du. Bt CB con, bt bm nc ch AUTO. Hm du s cp nhit 40 70o C. Khi ng t l. Khi p sut hi c th phc v cho sn xut th ta m van dn hi vo phc v cho sn xut.
4. V sinh:
Thng thng 3 6 thng v sinh mt ln. Dng ha cht hoc th cng c kh. NaOH 2% bm vo ni hi (P = 1 3 kg/cm2) duy tr trong 12 24h hoc lu hn ty thuc vo dy ca lp o cn. Cp nc vo l v v sinh c kh.
5. S c v cch x l:
5.1 L hi b cn nc nghim trng : Cng nhn vn hnh khng quan st thng xuyn bm nc b sung.
BO CO THC TP
Bm nc b hng. Ni cha b chy nc qua value kha ng x y hay qua ng cp nc do van mt chiu khng kn. Tin hnh ng ng ng ra ng thy v m van x y thng ng hi, sau ng ng hi ra ng thy nu thy. Nc c km hi thot ra ng x th ni cn nc nhng cha mc nghim trng (nc c lp l ng thy) th ta tin hnh bm nc b sung gin on cho ni. Ch thy c hi thot ra th ni cn nc nghim trng, phi tin hnh x l theo trnh t sau: Tt in bm nc (tuyt i khng c bm nc vo ni) ng tm chn khi trn ng khi v kha van hi ca np liu. S tn khu vc nh l v bo co vi ngi c trch nhim. Trng hp bm hng hoc cc van kha ng x, van mt chiu nc i khng kn cng khng phi ngng l theo trnh t trn, l ngui v tin hnh kim tra xem xt. Sau khi khc phc cc h hng trn mi c php vn hnh tr li. 5.2. L hi b y nc qu mc: ng thy b ngp nc, c ting va p ben ben trong ni do cng nhn vn hnh qu mc qui nh giai on nhm l hoc trong qu trnh vn hnh hay h thng nc cp b hng (khng dng khi nc cp ); ci ch bm nc qu cao. Tin hnh x value y gin on, khi mc nc t yu cu th cho ni vn hnh tr li. 5.3. Cc b phn ca l hi b chy nc, b nt: Hi nc thot qua ng khi v km theo ting xo xo (hin tng nc chy ni c kim loi hoc mi hn b h ) do cn bm qu dy lm cn tr s truyn nhit dn n qu nhit lm bin dng kim loi hay do b chu p b mn, mng qu gii hn cho php khng chiu c p lc dn n b nt.
BO CO THC TP
Tin hnh m valve x kh v ngng du t nu kim loi b bin dng, hay tin hnh tt h thng t nu b nt kim loi. 5.4 N ng sinh hi. C ting n trong bung t hi nc v khi ra m mt do ng sinh hi qu mng s dng lu ngy khng thay th hoc do ngng l qu lu khng bo qun ng k thut dn n b n mn hoc b mc. Tin hnh ngt cu dao in v kha valve hi ci (khng c m ca np liu v nc phun ra lm bn cng nhn vn hnh). 5.5 ng thy bo mc nc gi to: Mc nc ng thy ng yn khng giao ng do ngi vn hnh khng lm v sinh ng thy hng ngy. Nu khng c kh nng theo di p sut l thng qua mt thit b no khc th phi tin hnh ngng l theo th t nh qui trnh vn hnh.
- 88
BO CO THC TP
5.6 Valve an ton khng kn v khng lm vic: p sut trong l qu mc qui nh m valve an ton vn khng lm vic hay cha n p sut qui nh c hi nc thot ra do cng nhn vn hnh khng thc hin kim tra cng ch trong qu trnh vn hnh nn b mt tip xc b bn hoc l xo b kt. Tin hnh kim tra cng ch valve, nu vn khng khc phc c th phi ngng l, tho valve sa cha v kim nh li. 5.7. Ngun in: Ngun in ca cng ty c ti t trm pht in ca khu cng nghip Vnh Lc. 5.8. Ngun nc: Nc ca cng ty s dng c ly t trm cp nc ca khu cng nghip Vnh Lc v nc thy cc su ln hn 70m. Nc at tiu chun s dng cho sn xut, do cng ty c cc b phn lc: Nc sinh hot (lc ct, si, lc th), nc x l (trao i ion, lc tinh, UV).
II. H thng x l CO2

1. Cu to h thng
H thng bao gm 3 thit b chnh: Tc cha CO2 lng, thp ha kh CO2 lng, nhm cc bnh lc. 1.1 Tc cha CO2 lng: Tn thit b: Tc cha CO2 lng. K hiu: L CO2 -40/22 0707 Tiu chun ch to: TCVN 6513 6156/96 Dung tch: 40.000 lt Trng lng rng: p sut (P) lm vic: 22 bar
BO CO THC TP
p sut thit k: 23 bar Nhit lm vic: -40oC Nm ch to: 2007 V chn khng: + p sut lm vic: -1 bar + p sut mng phng n: +0,5 bar + Nhit lm vic: +35oC 1.2 Thp gia nhit: Dng thp ng chm thng ng c cnh trao i nhit, bn trn c vi nc
Vi nc
- 90
BO CO THC TP
1.3 Nhm 3 bnh lc kh CO2: Bnh th nht cha dung dch NaHCO3: ha 150g NaHCO3 trong 250 lt nc. Dung dch chim khang 2/3 th tch bnh. Bnh th hai cha than hot tnh cha trong cc bao ti. Bnh th ba cha dung dch KMnO4: liu lng ha thuc tm nh sau: ha tan khong 3 mung c ph trong 500 lt nc.
2. Nguyn tc hot ng:

CO2 lng c nhit -40oC t tc cha c p sut cao s theo ng dn n thp ha kh v i vo cc ng chm c cnh trao i nhit. Ti y, CO2 lng c nhit thp s nhn nhit ca lp khng kh xung quanh cnh trao i nhit lm tng nhit v theo chiu di ng ng n s dn chuyn sang trng thi kh. n on cui ng ng ca thp ha kh th ton b CO2 lng chuyn ht sang trng thi kh v theo ng ng dn n cc bnh lc. Lp khng kh xung quanh cnh trao i nhit s trao i nhit i lu vi cnh trao i nhit lm nhit gim xung nhanh chng, m trong lp khng kh s ha tuyt v bm ln cnh trao i nhit lm gim hiu qu trao i nhit ca thit b. khc phc tnh trng ny ngi ta cho vi nc chy t trn xung di thp lm tan chy lp tuyt bm, tng hiu qu trao i nhit. Kh CO2 dn trc tin qua bnh cha dung dch NaHCO3 nhm mc ch loi tp cht, tng cng ion Na+ cho nc s a. Sau CO2 c dn qua bnh lc bng than hot tnh. Than hot tnh s ng vai tr l lp lc c tc dng hp th cc cht mi v cc tp cht bi bn khc. Cui cng kh CO2 c dn qua bnh cha dung dch KMnO4. Dung dch ny c tnh oxy ha rt mnh s oxy ha cc cht mi, kh mi bi than, tiu dit vi sinh vt. Kh CO2 sch c dn theo ng ng n ni s dng.
- 91
BO CO THC TP
Vi phun nc
Thp ha kh CO2 lng
Kh CO2 sch
Tc cha CO2 lng Hnh : S h thng x l CO2
III.Thit b trao i nhit III.1.Cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca thit b trao i nhit Thit b c cu to dng cc tm c ghp song song vi nhau thnh nhng hp rng v c ni vi nhau to thnh li chuyn ng cho nc v cht ti lnh. Gia tm bn c cc tm m kn m bo ngn cch hai lp cht chuyn ng. Bn ngoi c cc gi p cht cc
S nguyn l thit b trao i nhit Nc vo TN Nc ra Cht ti lnh ra (Glycol) Cht ti
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 lnh vo
(Glycol)
tm bn li vi nhau. Nc v cht ti lnh chuyn ng ngc chiu do tc trao
- 92
Bnh cha dung dch KMnO4
Bnh cha than hot tnh
Bnh cha dd NaHCO3
BO CO THC TP
i nhit cao, nng sut ca thit b ln. Thit b c s dng tt vi nhng thc phm dng lng, cc loi ung, nc p tri cy, cc sn phm sa....
Cht ti lnh vo (Glycol)
Nc ra
Cht ti lnh ra (Glycol)
Nc vo trao i nhit
- 93
BO CO THC TP
IV. Thit b hp
1. Cu to
Cu tobung my hp chai,lon
S h thng my hp chai,lon
- My hp gm:
Bung 1: nhit t 24-26 0C
BO CO THC TP
Bung 2: nhit t 25-27 0C Bung 3: nhit t 36-37 0C Mi bung u c cu to ging nhau l c 4 ng rut g dn hi nng, nhit hi nng bng 120 0C .Nc c phun t trn gin xung nh 1 my bm 130 m 3/h. di y bung hp c li lc lc cn ct trong nc trnh hin tng lm nght cc u phun v nght bm. - Bng ti chai lon c chia lm 3 on: on 1: T my chit rt n ca bung vo ca my hp, c bi x phng lm trn gim ma st: on 2: Dn chai t lon i bn trong cc bung ca my hp, c kch thc ngang rng m bo cha c lng chai lon trong bung hp v tc bng ti rt chm m bo thi gian hp. on 3: T ca ra ca bung hp n mm xoay, sn phm c di nc lnh nhm lm sch chai lon ln cui trc khi dn nhn. Ngoi ra cn c my thi kh chai, lon v my in date.
2. Nguyn l hot ng
Chai lon sau khi chit rt c nhit khong 8- 10 0C s c bng ti chuyn vo my hp. Ti y chai, lon s c tip xc trc tip vi nc lm ngui c nhit tng dn mi bung hp. Khi xy ra s trao i nhit lm gim nhit ca nc v lm tng nhit ca chai, lon. Nc c bm hi lu, sn phm chai pet c di sch bng nc lnh ri a qua cng on thi kh in date, dn nhn. Cn lon s c thi kh in date.
3. Cch vn hnh
Bc 1: Kim tra van hi, hi nn, van nc. Bc 2: M cu dao, m van bm nc ngn 1, 2, 3 ch tay khi nc , cho cc bm 1, 2, 3 hot ng.
- 95
BO CO THC TP
Bc 3: Chuyn cc bm 1, 2, 3 hot ng t ng. Bc 4: M van hi nng t t, iu chnh nhit hp l, bung 1, 2, 3, canh ch t ng qua ng h nhit k cm ng. Bc 5: Cho bng ti chy, tip cht bi trn (x phng).
4. S c v cch khc phc

Nhit ca chai sau khi hp vn cha t yu cu (nhit cn qu thp) do nhit ca nc thp hoc tc bng ti bn trong my hp nhanh tng lu lng hi nng nc phun, gim tc bng ti. Chai lon b tc, khng di chuyn hay di chuyn rt chm trn bng ti do ma st ln - tng lng x phng trn bng ti gim ma st. Chai lon b nght bn trong bung hp - dng thit b ly sn phm ra.
Nhit chai lon sau khi hp qu cao- gim lng hi nng.
V. Thit b nu siro(n i n u qu nh )
- 96
BO CO THC TP
1.S thit b h thng nu:
1 4 2 3 3
S h thng nu ng
1. Ni nu ng 3. Bn trung gian
2. Bn lm ngui 4. Bm
2. Qu trnh nu sir c tin hnh nh sau.

u tin nc c bm vo thit b nu l ni 2 v (1) , m van hi, un nc ln n nhit 60-70 0C.Sau , cho ng vo tip tc gia nhit nc ln n 90-95 1
0
4 C, duy tr nhit ny trong thi gian khong10-15 pht. Trong qu trnh cho cnh 3
khuy hot ng lin tc nhm trnh hin tng gia nhit cc b gy hin tng caramen
2 lm xu mu sir. Qu trnh nu lng acid c b sung vo nhm to mi trng acid
cho cc phn ng chuyn ho din ra d dng hn to ra v thanh du cho nc gii kht, ng thi c th thm cht bo qun nhm tng thi gian bo qun sn phm.
BO CO THC TP
Sau khi ho tan ta em lc v c lm ngui (2) l ni 1 v, bn trong c ng xon rut g qua thit b ny nc s lm gim nhit ca dch c lm ngui xung 30- 45 0C. Siro trng c h thng bm (4) bm vo ni cha (3) v chun b cho qu trnh tip theo. y ta cng cho cnh khuy hot ng trnh hin tng ng b kt lng y bn. Thit b ni nu ng: - Cu to l ni 2 v gia 2 lp l lp bo n c tc dng gi nhit cho ni nu ng, ng thi hi cng c cp vo gia 2 lp ny. Bn trn ni c gn mot n c gn vi cnh khuy trn ho tan ng vo trong nc, trnh hin tng ng b chy v vn cc nh hng n cht lng ca sn phm sau ny. Tc cnh khuy trung bnh 50-60 vng/ pht. Thit b lm ngui - Cu to l ni 1 v bn trong l ni 1 v, bn trong c ng xon ruut g nc c lm ngui xung 30- 40 0C. Bn trong thit b cng c cnh khuy cu to ging nh ni nu ng, cnh khuy c tc dng o trn nhm lm ngui dch ng nhanh hn, u hn. Bn ngoi c ng thu tinh nhm quan st dch ng cha bn trong. Bn cha: - Cu to l ni 1 v, tc dng l sau khi dch ng c lm ngui s a qua y chun b cho qu trnh pha ch giai on tip theo. Thit b cng c cnh khuy, cnh khuy hot ng nhm trnh cho dch ng b lng di y bn. Bn ngoi bn c ng thu ging thit b lm ngui nhm mc ch gip cho cng nhn quan st mc dch cn li trong bn. Bn di y bn c van x cn nh c van ny cn s c loi b ra ngoi.
VI. H thng sc ra thit b 1. V sinh thit b.

1.1. C s l thuyt ca qu trnh ty ra v kh trng + Ty ra: L qu trnh ly cc vt bn ra khi h thng sn xut.
BO CO THC TP
+ Kh trng: L qu trnh tiu dit vi sinh vt: Vi khun, nm mc, bo t cn li trong qu trnh sn xut. - Mc ch ca qu trnh ty ra v kh trng: + Lm sch b mt tthiees b nh xng. + Loi tr vi sinh vt nhim tp. + m bo cht lng sn phm. + m bo cho sc kho ngi tiu dng. - Cc yu t nh hng ti qu trnh: + Cht lng nc + B mt ty ra. + Nhit ty ra + Thi gian ty ra + Nng cht ty ra.
1.2. V sinh thit b trong x l nc: STT Tn ho cht Cng dng u im
1 2
Cn H2O2
Ty ra, st trng. Ngm ty ra ng lc tinh St trng hp
Hiu qu ra tt R c kh nng st trng cao bn d s dng
3 4
Cloramin B NaOH
St trng cc bao b nha Ti ch Anion v sinh thit b bo ho CO2 V sinh my
5 6
HCl HNO3
Ti ch cation V sinh thit b tit trng UHT

- 99
C kh nng loi ttt cc cn v c
BO CO THC TP
Lc s b: Sau 3 thng v sinh 1 ln bng cch: Thay lp ct mi, than v ti ch s dng li.
Bn cha: mi tun v sinh 1 ln bng cch ra bng nc sch, ra cloramin B, ri ra li bng nc sch.
Lc th: V sinh mi ngy sau ca sn xut.
Ly ct lc ra khi bn
Tho dy thun, vi qun v lp bng gn. Dng vi nc c p sut cao ra sch dy thun, vi, bng gn. ro Trc inox cng c ra sch bng vi nc trn. V sinh xong tin hnh qun li cy ct lc. + Lc tinh: V sinh sau mi ca lm vic: Ly ct lc ra khi thit b lc.
Ngm cy lc trong H2O2 5-6 %, trong 7-8 gi.
Sau dng vi nc sch. + Trao i ion: 1 tun ti sinh ht nha 1 ln. i vi ct cation: S dng dung dch HCl 1-1,5 % ( 30 lt + 170 lt nc). i vi ct anion: S dng dung dch NaOH 1-1,5 % ( 7kg + 300 lt nc) Tin hnh x ngc dung dch HCl, NaOH vo 2 ct cation v anion. Ri x ngc bng nc. Sau x thun bng nc 1 ln na Thi gian ti sinh l 4 gi.
BO CO THC TP
Lc than hot tnh: 2- 3 ln/ tun.Than c ly ra phi ro nc ri em rang
tht kh.
+
ng lc vi sinh: Mi ngy v sinh 1 ln bng cch ngm trong dung dch H2O2
trong thi gian 1 ngy. Cc ng ng phi c ngm nh k bng H2O2 cui mi tun. 1.3. V sinh thit b chit rt nc tinh khit: Cui ca lm vic v sinh bng nc tinh khit. Cui tun, ngm bn cha nc tinh khit v ra my chit rt bng H2O2 trong 24 h. 1.4. V sinh Thit b ln men: Sau mi ca sn xut ni ln men c ra bng nc nng 80 0C.
1.5. V sinh thit b thanh trng:
V sinh bng nc nng 80 0C.

Nu lu khng nu th dng H2O2 35% ngm trong thi gian 6- 12 h. Sau
ra li bng nc x l, cui cng ra li bng nc nng. 1.6. V sinh my ng ho: Dng nc nng 80 0C V sinh my chit rt: Thng cha c v sinh bng nc nng 80 0C. H thng thit b bn ngoi c v sinh bng nc x l 1.8. V sinh thit b lm sch CO2: Bn cha bt tr lc v thuc tm: 1 ngy /ln vo cui ngy. V sinh bng nc sinh hot. u tin x y cc dung dch trong bn, ng li ri bm nc sinh hot vo y bn ri x y n khi sch. Bn cha than hot tnh: 2-3 ngy/ ln. Sau 1 thi gian lm vic kh nng hp ph mi ca than hot tnh gim do cn phc hi kh nng hp ph mi ca than bng cch ly
BO CO THC TP
than ra khi bn v ngm than trong nc khong 24h, sau phi nng cho ro nc ri em i rang tht kh bng trng rang. 1.9. V sinh my bo ho CO2: V sinh nh k: 1 tun / ln. qua 4 ln:
Ln 1: 1000 lt nc nng 80 0C pha vi 2,5 kg NaOH. Ln 2: ra bng nc nng 80 0C. Ln 3: ra bng nc nng 80 0C.
Ln 4 : ra bng nc lnh. Bn ngoi thit b c ra bng x phng ri ra li bng nc sinh hoat. My hp: My hp s c v sinh mi tun 1 ln. Bng ti v sinh bng nc x l sau 1 ca lm vic
PHN IV: TM HIU MT S VN KHC

. Cch t chc, iu hnh mt ca sn xut
1.1. Thi gian lm vic ca cng ty
Thi gian lm vic ca cng ty c chia lm 2 ca: Ca ban ngy: T 7h sng n 16h, thi gian ngh gia ca t 11h30-12h30. Ca ban m: T 8h ti n 6h sng, thi gian ngh gia ca t 1h-2h.
1.2. i hnh sn xut

Cng nhn trong cng ty c qun l bi qun c v c chia lm nhng t sn xut nh. Ngi ng u mi t l t trng. Hot ng ca cng nhn c gim st bi t trng, v KCS.
I.3. Cc quy nh v v sinh c nhn, v sinh thit b, phn xng nhm m bo cht lng v v sinh v an ton cho ngi, sn phm.
BO CO THC TP
Trc khi vo trong phn xng lm vic, cng nhn phi nhng chn qua bn c cha nc chlorine v bn nc sch kh trng. Ngoi ra, phi mang y dng c bo h lao ng: khu trang, gng tay, ng, o Blouse ty thuc vo yu cu ca mi khu sn xut. Sau mi ca sn xut, cng nhn tin hnh v sinh nh xng, my mc chun b cho ca sn xut tip theo
- 103
BO CO THC TP
II. H thng x l nc thi

II.1. Quy trnh x l
Nc thi
Loi tp cht
NaOH
Trng ha
Bn vi sinh
Kh mu, mi
Lng
Nc x l
II.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh

Nc thi s c lc s b bng cch b tr cc song chn rc ti ng cng cn cc vt c kch thc ln nh: bao nilong, hp, ba cactong, Sau nc th s c bm ln b 1 l b x l s b v trung ha vi p lc ln. Song song vi ng dn nc thi l ng dn dung dch NaOH 0,25% vo b trung ha. Hai ng ny hot ng ng thi khi ngng nc thi th dung dch NaOH cng ngng cung cp. Ti y c b tr cc ng ng sc kh nc c khuy trn gip phn ng trung ha c din ra mt cch trit , ng thi y cc tp cht kh ln trn b mt, cc tp cht ny s c vt ra ngoi bng vt li trnh nght ng ng. b ny c b tr mt phao v tr c nh, khi nc dng ln ti phao th bm s bm nc t b ny sang b 2 l b kh mu v kh mi bng bn vi sinh.
BO CO THC TP
Ti b 2 c cha bn vi sinh ng thi b tr nhiu ng ng sc khng kh vo nc nui bn. Lng bn vi sinh khong 400ml bn/l nc. Khi thy bn kt lng c mu vng l kh tt. Khi mc nc s t chy trn vo cc ng ng dn qua b (3) l b lng. cc ng ng ny cch y ca b (3) khong 1,5m to dng nc vo nh nhng trnh b khuy ng gy nh hng n qu trnh lng. B lng c dng cn, di y c hai l hnh chp nn ng knh 50cm cha bn lng. Trn mi l c b tr cch gt gom bn vo l, vn tc ca cnh gt rt chm: 1 vng/10pht to trng thi tnh cho cc thnh phn l lng c th lng c. Bn hai l s c bm tr v b (2). Nc b (3) c x l c pH=7- 8 ( o bng giy qu), nc c mu xanh l cy. Ti b (3) c b tr 1 ng kn hai u, trn ng c c nhiu l khi mc nc dng ln s chy trn vo cc l ny v i ra ngoi. Mc ch l trnh khuy ng nc, ng thi gi li mt t bn chn rc nu cn st li. Vn hnh: Trn t iu khin : M bm nc thi t hm cha ln b (1): bm ch t hot ng M bm nc thi t b (1) qua b (2) tip xc: bm ch t hot M my thi kh, sc kh vo b (2): m my lin tc ch cho my ngh M bm nh lng NaOH t ng theo bm theo phao. ng theo phao. khong 3 gi bo qun my. Trm x l thc hin cc thao tc: + iu chnh cc van kh u vo b (2). + Dng vt li vt cc tp cht ni ln trn. + M van sc kh vo b (3). Kim tra bn hot tnh: hng ngy kim tra bn hot tnh bng cch ly becher 1000ml mc y bn hot tnh trong b (2), sau lng trong khong mi pht. Quan st bn trong becher khong 200ml l bn hot tnh tt. Nu bn di vch 200ml cn b sung bn.
BO CO THC TP
Nu bn trn vch 200ml cn x bn ra b cha bn. Bo tr my mc thit b : + Thng xuyn theo di, kim tra cc my mc thit b, nu pht hin h hng phi sa cha ngay. + nh k 3 thng thay du m cho bm lng ha cht. + nh k 2 thng thay du m cho my thi kh. + Thng xuyn kim tra cc ng dy in pht hin h hng, r r in, nu pht hin h hng phi sa cha ngay. + Lun v sinh sch xung quanh trm x l.
II.3. S c v cch khc phc Rc lm nght ng ng ta phi thng ng bng cch dng bm c cng sut ln bm nc vo ng ng y rc ra ngoi. ng dn b nt v do p lc ln, do thi tit ta phi thay i ng ng. Lng khng kh sc vo b thiu do ng ng dn b x lm qu trnh tng sinh khi ca khi bn chm, hiu qu hot ng ca bn km ta phi hn li ng ng hoc thay ng ng mi.
-
M van hi bn ln, bn s khng c hi lu v (2) m phng vt ln cao ra ngoi do lc ht lownsthif phi m van t t.
- 106
BO CO THC TP
S h thng x l nc thi:
10
B 2 7 4 6 9 8 1 2
B 3
9 8
B 1
- 107
BO CO THC TP
Ghi ch: 1. ng dn nc thi. 2. ng dn dung dch NaOH 0,25%. 3. ng dn nc t b (1) sang b (2). 4. ng hi bn. 5. Nc t b (3) chy trn vo ng ra ngoi. 6. ng nc t b (2) chy trn vo ng ng qua b (3). 7. ng dn khng kh. 8. L cha bn lng. 9. Cnh gt bn. 10. ng sc kh vo nc.
III. An ton lao ng.

III.1. Phng chy cha chy.
t bm cu ha cc v tr: + B cha nc sau khi lc s b. + Khu vc s l nc thi. Bnh cha chy km theo bng ni qui phng cha chy t tt c cc cng on sn xut, nh xng, nh kho, v cc phng ban. Kho cha nguyn liu c h thng phng chy cha chy y v l ni d chy nht. Ngoi ra, phi kh ro, thong mt, v sinh thng xuyn trnh chut b, cn trng,
III.2. An ton i vi nh xng v ngi lao ng.

L hi: c chung bo t ng khi c s c v phi c nhn vin kim tra thng xuyn. X l nc: khi lm vic mang y dng c b h lao ng nh: gng tay, ng. mt n, o bo h, Bng ni qui vn hnh my km theo cc thng s k thut hng dn chi tit c th cho cng nhn vn hnh c t tt c cc cng on tng ng. Nhn vin vn hnh my nm vng thao tc vn hnh. Nh sn khng c trn trt, phi c rnh thot nc.
- 108
BO CO THC TP
III.3. An ton i vi sn phm.

Khng mang dp c nhn vo trong xng sn xut. Cng on chit rt: cng nhn trang b y bo h nh gng tay, khu trang, m, o bo h v ng. Trc khi vo phng chit rt phi st trng tay bng cn. Kho cha sn phm kh ro, thong mt, sch s trnh cn trng gy hi. Phng chit rt phi v trng. Khng c mang n trang vo khu chit rt.
- 109
BO CO THC TP
Cng ty TNHH sn xut & thng mi Tn Quang Minh, mt cng ty hot ng trong lnh vc sn xut nc gii kht vi hai thng hiu ni ting BIDRICO & YOBI t rt nhiu danh hiu nh: Hng Vit Nam cht lng cao, danh hiu Sao Vng t Vit, huy chng vng cc k hi ch Sau thi gian thc tp v c lm vic ti cng ty chng em c tham quan, tm hiu cc quy trnh sn xut cc sn phm ti cng ty, t chng em rt ra c rt nhiu kin thc v thc t sn xut, t nguyn liu u vo n sn phm u ra v h thng qun l cht lng sn phm cng nh qun l sn xut. y l thi gian v cng qu bu i vi chng em tch ly kinh nghim sau ny khi ra trng chng em s khng b b ng khi tham gia vo sn xut. Chng em tin tng rng, cng ty s ngy cng pht trin v a ra th trng nhiu dng sn phm mi hn p ng nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng.
- 110
BO CO THC TP
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Gio trnh cng ngh ch bin sa v cc sn phm t sa, TS. Lm Xun Thanh,
NXB Khoa Hc K Thut.

2. Cng ngh ch bin sa v cc sn phm sa, L Th Lin Thanh, NXB Khoa Hc
K Thut.
3. Nc gii kht, Nguyn nh Thng, NXB Khoa Hc K Thut. 4. X l nc thi, Nguyn Ngc Dung. NXB Xy Dng. 5. Bo co thc tp tt nghip.
- 111

Bao Cao Hoan Chinh KT

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Bao Cao Hoan Chinh KT

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BO CO THC TP

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

2. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ca nh my

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

trnh pht trin cc sn phm ca nh my

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

2. Chng loi sn phm:

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

Sa chua hp giy (180 ml):

Nc yn ngn nh: Thnh phn Nc ng Gum

Ch tiu Hm lng ng: 77 g/l X th: 0 3 g/l

Ngn nh : 5 10 g/l Natri benzoat : 0.6g/l Vitamin A : 0

Nng lng Cht bo Protein

ng knh Nc p tri cy Hng liu Cht n nh

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

Ch tiu ng 80g/l Acid citric 3g/l Cht bo qun 1g/l

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

PHN II: THC TP V CNG NGH CH BIN TI NH MY

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

my sn xut t nguyn liu ma r ng v c nn trong bn ln bng thp 300C v p lc 60-70 at.

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

Hng t nhin: gm cc loi nguyn liu ban u t nhin c tch ra t cc

NHM SV TRNG H NHA TRANG

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

Mu caramen : l sn phm nhn c t sacaroza khi un ti 180 1900C, l

Giai on 1: nhit 102-150 0C saccharoza nng chy v b mt nc

Trong caramenlan v caramenlen ho tan hon ton trong nc, cn

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH

CNG TY TN QUANG MINH