C quan bin tp: S Thng tin v Truyn thng Ngun: a ch Bc Giang

NHM T XM Nhm t xm tnh Bc Giang c din tch khong 269.398 ha chim khong 74,75% din tch t nhin. t pht trin trn macma axit, ct v trn ph sa c. Thng c tng B tch st (agric) vi kh nng trao i cation (CEC) di 24 meq/100g st v bo ho baz di 50%. - Loi t xm feralit trn st v bin cht (Xf) C din tch 141.957 ha tp trung ch yu vng g i, ni thuc cc huyn Sn ng, Lc Ngn, Lc Nam, Yn Th c a hnh cao, dc nhiu, chia ct mnh, phong ho nhanh nhng cng chu tc ng ca qu trnh ra tri, xi mn bin cht. Theo kt qu phn tch phu din, loi t ny thng c phn ng chua, pH dao ng t 4,2-4,34. Kh nng trao i cation trung bnh, bo ho baz thp ; kh nng hp th khng cao, khong st ph bin l kaolinit ; kh nng gi nc km ; c qu trnh tch lu st, nhm tng i v tuyt i ; giu can xi thch hp vi nhng loi cy cng nghip nh : ch, cy n qu. vng ni cn rng nh khu vc Ty Yn T th t cn tt, cu tng tht trung bnh. cc vng g i, t b bc mu nhiu, t l ln v ong cao, nhiu ni l ra trn mt, tng t mng, d b ra tri, ngho dinh dng. - Loi t xm trn ph sa c. Phn b tren cc thm ph sa c cao t 6-10m b bc mu, tng mng, ln nhiu cui si thng phn thnh cc bc cao thp khc nhau. Phn b v chim phn ln din tch ca cc huyn Hip Ho, Vit Yn, Tn Yn, Lng Giang v mt phn nh din tch ca huyn Yn Dng v thnh ph Bc Giang. Theo thi gian canh tc, loi t ln trn cc thm ph sa c c a hnh cao 15-20m xy ra qu trnh ra tri lu ngy lm mt i cc cht mu, t tr nn ngho, hnh thnh t xm bc mu, t c mu trng hoc trng xm, xm tro ;t l ma thp ; t c phn ng rt chua, ngho NPK, thnh phn c gii t ct n ct pha, tht nh. - t xm bin i do trng la. Nm a th i thoi v thung lng cc huyn min ni nh Sn ng, Lc Ngn, Lc Nam, Yn Th y vn l loi t feralit pht trin trn cc m trong phc h trm tch, hoc trn cc sn phm trm tch, nhng v sau, khi vic canh tc la nc ln ln min ni, cc bin php trng cy la c s dng lin

C quan bin tp: S Thng tin v Truyn thng Ngun: a ch Bc Giang

tc trn t ny, lm cho t thay i su sc v tnh cht l ho hc, t l mn gim, cu tng vin b ph v. Nhng ni cy hai v la thy xut hin hin tng gley, nhng ni cy v ma ri b ho hoc trng mu th t c hin tng b ra tri mnh, chua nhiu, tng cy thy c kt von mu en hoc nu. Theo cc kt qu nghin cu v phn tch cc ch tiu l ho cho thy loi t xm trn ph sa c v t xm vng bin i do trng la c phn ng chua va n cht chua, pH dao ng t 4,21-4,41; ngho cation kim trao i ( Ca2+, Mg2+ nh hn 2mg/100 g t) hm lng mn tng mt ngho. Mc phn gii cht hu c mnh, bo ho baz thp v c bit ph ca t gim xung thp. Cc cht tng s v d tiu u ngho. - t xm bc mu trn ph sa c. t xm bc mu phn b tp trung 3 huyn Tn Yn, Vit Yn, Hip Ho, ng Sn, Cnh Thu, Nham Sn (huyn Yn Dng) v mt s x ca huyn Lng Giang. Cc di t bc mu u c nghing theo hng ng bcty nam v phn ln nm bc thm t 5-10m. t bc mu c 3 tng r rt. Tng mt, tc l tng bc mu, c dy 810cm, mu trng xm l mu ca oxit silic, sau khi oxit st b ra tri ht. Tng ny c thnh phn c gii rt nh. Tng th 2, vi dy 5-8cm, c mu vng ln mu r st thm. Gia 2 tng l lp cy dy 2-5cm, mu trng ct th. Tng th 3 l tng loang l vng nhng vt hp cht st. t bc mu c thnh phn c gii nh, kt cu ri rc, tnh cht l v ho hc u xu. t c phn ng chua, cng di su cng chua, cht hu c ngho li c tc phn gii nhanh. Cc cht dinh dng cn cho cy trng u ngho nn. Vng t bc mu Vit Yn do c nn c gii nng nn kh nng gi nc tt hn nn t bc mu c nn c gii trung bnh ca cc huyn Tn Yn, Hip Ho, Lng Giang. Vi nhng c im ngho, chua, kh, ta thy r tnh cht l ho hc ca t bc mu u xu. C th ni 50-60% nng sut cy trng trn t bc mu l do phn bn quyt nh. V th sn xut trn t bc mu cn c y phn bn, nht l phn hu c. Do t bc mu c no baz thp, tc dng hon xung km, cht hu c phn gii nhanh nn cn phi c cch s dng hp l i vi vi v cc loi phn bn.

C quan bin tp: S Thng tin v Truyn thng Ngun: a ch Bc Giang

t bc mu c lch s canh tc t lu i vi cc cy trng chnh l la, khoai lang, lc. Nhn dn cc huyn c t bc mu c nhiu kinh nghim tt v s dng v ci to t ny vi cc h thng lun canh tng v hp l. Do vy, hng nm vng t bc mu cng gp phn kh ln vo tng sn lng la v cc loi cy hoa mu lng thc ca tnh. Cc loi t xm bc mu c nhc im l chua, ngo cht dinh dng, thng b kh hn vo ma kh v ng nc vo ma ma, nhng li c gi tr trong sn xut nng nghip, phn ln din tch c phn b trn a hnh bng thoi, thong kh, khu vc tng i cao, d canh tc v thch hp vi nhiu cy trng cn. Phn ln la nc v rau mu c trng trn loi t ny. Kt qu phn tch cc ch tiu l ho cho thy loi t xm trn ph sa c v t xm vng bin i do trng la c phn ng chua va n rt chua, pH dao ng t 4,21 n 4,41, ngho cation kim trao i, hm lng ma tng mt t ngho n rt ngho (0,9-1,5%). Mc phn gii cht hu c mnh (C/N nh hn 10), bo ho baz thp v c bit ph ca t gim xung thp.