Incompressible Aerodynamics

Final Exam Formulas

= i
+ j
+ k
x
y
z
Kn =

(1)
(2)

+ e
+ ez
r
r
z

D

=
+U
Dt
t
!
"
=X
X
0, t
X

= er

dX
dt

(t0 ) =
X

=
U

u
! r
1 u
r

"

!
1
r u+

"
v

(8)

(10)

(11)
Q

(12)

(17)

(20)

f dv

=0
dS U

dv
U

(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)

= u,
= v
y
x

(27)

= u,
= v
r
r

(28)

dQ

(29)

(udy vdx)

= b a

(15)

d = dl

=
dS U

(14)

(16)

(19)

(13)

dl U

D
=0
+ U
Dt

= u,
= v
y
x

(9)

f
dS U

! "

=0
+ U
t
! "
= U
+ U

1 + ! "T ,
S=
U + U
2
1 + ! "T ,
=
U U
2
=U

=
dl U
dS U
S

dV +
t

(7)

v
r

(18)

(6)

F =

0
X

x
w
y
w
z

(5)

!
"
X,
t
U

x
v
y
v
z

(f ) dV +
t

(4)

dx
dy
dz
=
=
u
v
w
rd
dz
dr
=
=
u
v
w
u v w

=
U

DF
=
Dt

(3)

=0
dS U

x
u
y
u
z

.
1

dl U
s0 s C
.
1

U = lim
dS U
s0 v
s
v0

= lim
n
U

! "
U
=
dS U
U dV +
t
S

dS T
BdV
+
V

(30)

T = pI + D
/
0
1
I
D = 2 S U
3

(32)

! "
U
=
U dV +
dS U
V t
S

BdV

pdS +
dS D

U
Fr =
LB
U
M=
a
= 0

= p + B

(36)

=
dS

dS

(50)

=
dl U

= 2
dl U

(51)

= 0

u
u
u
u
+u
+v
+w
t
x
y
z

v
v
v
v
+u
+v
+w
t
x
y
z

1 p
=
+ By
y
=

(46)
(47)
(48)
(49)

S1

1 =

C1

S2

C2

DU
dl
=
Dt
C

Dc
=
Dt

(38)

u v w
+
+
x y
z

w
w
w
w
+u
+v
+w
t
x
y
z

(45)

(35)

(34)

(37)

(44)

1 2
U + P + B = const
2
1
p0 = p + U 2 + gz
2
1
q = U 2
2
.
=0
dS

(33)

DU
p + D
= B
Dt
U L
Re =

DU
Dt

1 2
U + P + B = H ()
2
2
1
1 2
+ U + P + B = 0

t
2

(31)

dl a

Dc
=0
Dt
D
=0
dS
Dt S

(39)

2 =

1 p
+ Bx
x

1 p
+ Bz
z

(53)
(54)

1 2 p
+ U + + B
t
2

f (t)

2 2 2
+ 2 + 2
x2
y
z
1
2
1

1 2
2 =
r
+ 2 2
r r
r
r
2 =

1 (ru) 1 v
+
= 0
(40)
r r
r
2
1

v
v2
1 p
u
u
+ u
+
=
+ Br
t
r
r
r
r
2
1
uv

v
1 p
v
v+
+ u
+
=
+ B
t
r
r
r
r
- p
d
p
P =
(41)
p)
p0 (
1 22

U
U

= P B (42)
U
+
t
2
1
2
1 2

H =
(43)
U + P + B = U
2

u=

,v =
x
y

1
,v =
r
r
1,n = 1 + n

u=

ux + vy + const

vx + uy + const

dy 33 dy 33
3
3 = 1
dx dx

(52)

(55)

(56)
(57)
(58)
(59)
(60)
(61)

(62)

Q
U

ur

Q
ln r + const
2

(63)

n=

Q
+ const
2

An

cos
+ const
2 r

(64)

+ const
2

f (z) dz

k
4

A1 (zj )

(76)

(65)

Az

F (z) =

(77)

W (z) = Az 1

F (z) = ib ln z

F (z) =

(67)
(68)
a
(69)

=
x

1
2

4
1 dn f
f (z) =
(z z0 )n
n
n!
dz
z=z0
n=0

U z +
5

A
z

(80)

A
z2

W (z) =

F (z) =

(79)

ib
z

W (z) =

z
A
ib ln
z
a

(81)

A
U

W (z) dz = + iQ

(82)

(70)

2
6.

X iY = i

= 0

(78)

A
z

W (z) =

= U

(74)

W (z) = U (x, y) iV (x, y)

F (z) = A ln z

U2
Cp = 1 2
U
F = pdS

2i

(75)

1
2
a2

u r cos 1 + 2
+ c (66)
r
2
2
1

a2
ln r + c
u r sin 1 2 +
r
2
1
2
a2
u cos 1 2
r
1
2
a2

u sin 1 + 2
r
2r

n+1 d

( z0 )

F (z) = (x, y) + i (x, y)

ln r + const
2

p p
p p
=
1
2
q
u

(73)

f ()

j=1

e
2r

An (z z0 )

sin
+ const
2 r

1
2i

Q
er
2r

Cp =

f (z) =

M=
(71)

Re
2

[W (z)] dz
2

[W (z)] zdz

w () = W [z ()]
.

W (z) dz

z + iQz
3

dz
d

w () d

cz

(72)

(83)

+ iQ

(84)
(85)

(86)

dz
d

=0

U (z z0 ) ei

F (z) =
+

(88)

z z0 i
ln
e
2
a

z ()
z 2C
z + 2C
dz
d

( + C)

(89)

Cm =

(91)

Cl = 8

(92)
(93)

L
q l

(94)

a
sin ( + )
4c

(95)

2 (1 + +) ( + )
m

c
4

+ =
3 3
1
2
.
1

(x) = lim
dl U
x0 x C

1
2

c
0

p = V
- T.E.
(s) ds
Vin =
e (s)
2r
L.E.
"
!
Vin + V n
=0
(x) dx
x0 x

(c) =
x=

dy
dx

(96)

pxdx

(106)

M#
q c2

Cl = 2A0 + A1
1
2
A2

A0 + A1
CmL.E. =
2
2
1
2
c c A2 A1
Xcp =
4
4
Cl

(97)
(98)
(99)
(100)
2 0

(101)

Xac

Cmac

c
4

(A2 A1 )
4

/
0
1 dy
Cl = 2 +
(cos 1) d
0 dx
-
1
dy
(cos 2 cos ) d
Cmac =
2 0 dx

c
(1 cos )
2

(107)

#
ML.E.
(108)
L#
1 + cos
() = 2V
(109)
sin
5
cx
(110)
(x) = 2V
x
8
9

1 + cos 4
() = 2V A0
+
An sin n
sin
n=1
(111)

4
dy
= ( A0 ) +
An cos n
(112)
dx
n=1
1 dy
A0 =
d
(113)
0 dx
2 dy
An =
cos nd
(114)
0 dx

(90)

tmax
4c
= 4U a sin ( + )
1
2
2 V l

(105)

Xcp =

Cl =

m
tan () =
C

tmax = 3 3+c

(104)

#
ML.E.

C2
1 2

( C)2

(103)

cos nd
sin n0
=
cos

cos

sin 0
0
0
- c
- c
L# =
pdx = V
(x) dx

In =

C2
+

() sin d
=
cos
cos 0
0
/
1 2 0
dy
V
dx 0

() = 0

U a2 i
e
z z0

Cl

1
2

(87)

(102)
4

(115)
(116)
(117)

(118)

(119)
(120)

0L =

dy
(cos 1) d
dx

(121)

= 0L

(122)

Cl

= 2a

Cl = [2 ( h ) + 2 sin h ]
Cmac =

1
sin h (cos h 1)
2
Cl
0L =
2

b2
AR =
S
1 2
d
d =
dy
dy wing
-

dl (
r s)
V =
4
|
r s|3
: ;
- b/2 d
dy
1
wing
dy
Wi (y0 ) =
4 b/2 y0 y
i

Wi
V

(124)

<

(127)

(129)

(144)

CL =

r b
2V S

(145)

i =

CL
AR

(146)

1
4V

d
dy

b/2

L=

(m0 c)r 4
An sin n
m0 c n=1

a () =

(150)

(151)

(m0 c)r 4
sin n
nAn
4b n=1
sin

sin2 nxdx

cos2 nxdx

sin nx sin mxdx

cos nx cos mxdx

(152)

(137)

n &= 0

(138)

wing

dy

L
1
2
2 V S

(153)

b/2

L# dy

(139)

n &= m

b/2

CL =

(149)

y0

y0 y

b/2

(148)

b
cos
2

(147)

m0r cr V 4
An sin n
2
n=1

(134)

(136)

2
m0 V c
: ;

(143)

r
2bV

y=

(133)

Cl (y) = m (y) a (y)

m0
m=
i
1 + mC0
l
a (y0 ) =

22

CL2
AR
m0
m=
m0
1 + AR

(128)

(135)

y
b/2

CDi =

Cdi = Cl i

(142)

i =

(126)

(132)

Di#
1
2
2 V c

(141)

Di
1
2
V
S
2

(125)

a (y) = R (y) + i (y)

Cdi =

(y) = r

(123)

(131)

= L i

Di# dy

CDi =

(130)

b/2

b/2

Cl (y) = m0 (y) R (y)

Di#

Di =

(140)

CL =
5

(m0 c)r b
A1
4S

(154)

m0
,
m0
(1 + )
1 + AR
=
n
nAn sin
c
sin
=n=1
=
1
cr
n=1 An sin n

(155)

m=

CL2
(1 + ) ,
AR
1
22

4
An
=
n
A1
n=2

(156)

CDi =

a = ab + aw

(157)

Cl = Clb + Cla1 CL
1 b/2
mw =
m (y) c (y) dy
S b/2

(158)

CL = mw aw
- b/2
M=
M # dy

(159)
(160)
(161)

b/2

S
c =
b
1 b/2 2
c =
c dy
S b/2
CM =
XCP =

> b/2

(163)

(164)

1
2
2 V S c

[Cl Xac c Cmac c2 ]dy

> b/2
cCl dy
b/2
> b/2
cCla1 Xac dy
b/2
= > b/2
cCla1 dy
b/2

b/2

XAC

CMAC

(162)

1
=
Sc

)-

(166)

b/2

c2 Cmac dy+

(167)

b/2

b/2

b/2

(165)

cClb (XAC Xac ) dy

dCMCG
<0
dCL
2
b
2V
bb1
L=
CL , b1 =
AR
4
2
8 C
CDi = 2 L
AR
CDi
(CDi )GE =
! b "2
1 + 16H
)
*
1
(CDi )OF = CDi 1 ! "2
8L
1
b

(168)
(169)
(170)
(171)

(172)