Medical Biochemistry at a Glance BEN GREENS TEIN aphanns pup ADAM GREENSTEIN Bsc ittons) Medical student b Blackwell Science© 199% by. Blackwell Seience Ld Eira Oe ‘Osnoy Meu, Oxford OX2 OE, 25 ohn Set, Landon WCIN 28 23 Ainslie Place, Edihurgh EHS 6A 238 Main Stet, Cambeie Massachusets 02142. USA, ‘4 University Steet. Carion Victoria MIS). Austlia Other Eira Offices ‘Ameue Blackwell SA Tome de Lille, 7007 Pars France Blackwell Wissenschaft. Verlag Gin ‘Kurfursendam 57 10707 Bern, Germany Zeremenanse 6 AcL1a0 Wien ‘Aust Allrihts served, No par of this publication may be repadced Stored in aretnieval ster, ce ‘ransited in any fom oc by any ‘means elecroni, mechani, hoxacpying recoding or ethers, except as permited bythe UK {Copycight Designs and Patents et 18S, without te pete peeminion of the copyright owner Fist published 1996 Setby Sevite Typeset, Hong Kong Printed and bovind n Great Brian ‘tthe University ross, Cambridge Marsion Book Serves Li PO Box 87 Oxford OX2 007 {Onders Tel 1965 791155 Fay: 01865 791927 Telex: 837515) Non America ‘Blackwel Science, Ine 238 Main tos Cambridge, MA 02142 (Orders el 800-215-1000 1617 876-7000 Fax 617 4925263) Asal ‘Blackwell Science Py Lad 54 University Steet, Carton. Victoria 3053, {Onders Tel 08 9347 0300 ax: 03 9349 3016) ‘catalogue socord or this title valle from the Bish Library ISB 0-86549-980-4 (BSL) ISN 0.86542.626.0 (IE) Library of Congress Caaloing-in-Publication Data Greenstein, Ben, 1981- ‘Medical biochemistry at laced ‘Ben Groemsicin, Adam Greeasten Pam Imcludes bibliographical ferences and inde. ISBN 0-86ss2-0N0-4 1 Biochemisry-Outlne, syllabi ete: 2 Clinical biochemistry Outlines, syllabi, ee 1 Grosrsvin, Adam. Tie IDNEM 1 Biochemisty, QU 4 GRISm 1995] (QPS142.GT6 1986 S74, 19-20 DNLMDLC For Library of Congress 95.8016 cwContents Inieoduction | 1 The eukaryote cell 2 2 Membranes 1 4 3 Membranes I! 6 4 Membranes IIT 8 5) Intracellular receptors and receptor antagonists 10 6 Molecules 112 7 Molecules 14 8 DNA repli 9 DNA repair 18 10. Recombination 20 1 RNA 22 on 16 12. ‘Transcription 1-24 13. Transcription 26 14 Errors of transcription 28 15 Proiein synthesis 1 30 16 Protein synthesis II 32 17. Protein synthesis IIL 34 18 Errors of translation 38 19 Collagen 40 20. Control of gene expression in prokaryotes 42 21 Control of gene expression in eukaryotes 44 22, Mechanisms of transcriptional control 46 23. Growth 48 24 Cancer $0 28. Genetic manipulation I 52 26 Genetic manipulation $4 27 pH and butfers 1 56 pH and butlers I $8 Chemis ‘Chemical reactions IL 62 Enzymes | 64 2 Enzymes 11 66, Enzymes Ill 68 Enzymes IV 70 Digestion: basic principles and cell types 72 Digestion of protein and carbohydrates 74 Digestion and absorption of lipids 76 “The production of energy in the electron transfer chain. 78 Giyeolysis and gluconeogenesis. 80 ‘The citric acid eyele and mitochondrial cariers 82 Glycogen metabolism 84 Lipid metabolism 1 86 Lipid metabolism IL 88 Nucleotide synthesis 90 Breakdown of nucleotides 92 Catabotism of amino acids: 98 Synthesis of amino acids 98 Integration of metabolism 100 Gas transport 102 Haemoglobin 104 Molecular chaperones 106 Abbreviations 108 Glossary 110 Sources 113 Index 115