1.

1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.2
2.3
2.3.1

1
1
2
7
7
7
8
8
8
10
10
11
11
15
15
19
19

2.3.2
2.3.3
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2 (Flue gas recirculation)
2.5
2.5.1
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4 (Specific heat)
2.5.5
2.5.6
2.5.7
2.5.8
2.5.9
2.5.10
2.5.11
2.6
2.7
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
2.7.4
2.7.5
2.7.6
2.8 (American conference of governmental
industrial hygienists. guidelines for testing ventilation systems, 1991)
2.9 (Specific energy consumption, SEC)
2.9.1 (SEC )
2.9.2 (SEC )

20
21
22
22
26
26
26
27
27
28
30
30
31
32
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
38
38
39
39
42
43
45
46

3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4

3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
3.4.5
3.4.6
3.5

3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
3.5.4
3.5.5
3.5.6

47
52
52
52
53

4.
4.1
4.1.1

4.1.2
4.2 1:

57
57
57

53
53
53
54
54
54
55
55
55
55
56
56
56

58

64

4.2.1

4.2.2

64
66

4.3 2:

77

4.3.1

4.3.2
4.4
4.4.1
0.354 kg/s (100%)

4.4.2
0.330kg/s (93.26%)

4.4.3
0.304 kg/s (85.72%)

4.4.4
0.285kg/s (80.44%)

4.4.5
0.0115 kg/s (4.03%)
4.4.6
0.0142 kg/s (4.99%)
4.4.7
0.0178 kg/s (6.24%)
4.4.8
0.0211 kg/s (7.40%)
4.5 (Specific energy consumption, SEC)
5.
5.1
5.1.1

77
80
92
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99

100
101
101
101

5.1.2 1:

5.1.3 2:

5.2

102
103
104

105

107
108
125
147
152
156

(Specific energy consumption,SEC)

2.1
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

2550

44
57
59
59
60
61
63
64
65
66

1
4.10
1
4.11
1
4.12
1
4.13 1
4.14 1
4.15 1
4.16
2
4.17
2
4.18
2
4.19
2
4.20 2
4.21 2
4.22 (Specific energy consumption, SEC)
.1 , , ,

.2 , ,

.3 , , ,

.4 ( C)

.1

68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
100
126
130
134
139
157

1.1
3
1.2
3

1.3 NOx
4
1.4 () 5
()

1.5 6
1.6 6

2.1
9
2.2
11
2.3
13
2.4
14
2.5
14
2.6
15
2.7 1-4
16
2.8 1
16
2.9 2
17
2.10 3
17
2.11 4
18
2.12 5
18
2.13
19
2.14
21
2.15
23
2.16
24
2.17
24
2.18
25

2.19
30
2.20
34
2.21 Palm sugar stove
35
2.22 5
36
2.23
42
2.24
43
3.1
47
3.2
48
3.3 49
3.4
50
3.5
51
4.1 Thermocouple 1-7
62
4.2 Thermocouple 8-14
62
4.3
65
1
4.4 1
67
4.5 1
69
4.6 1
71
4.7
73
1
4.8 1
75
4.9 1
77
4.10 2
79
4.11 2
81
4.12 2
83
4.13 2
85
4.14 2
87
4.15 2
89
4.16 2
91
4.17 (Sankey Diagram)
92
0.354kg/s

4.18 (Sankey Diagram)

0.330kg/s

4.19 (Sankey Diagram)

0.304kg/s

4.20 (Sankey Diagram)

0.285kg/s

4.21 (Sankey Diagram)

0.0115kg/s
4.22 (Sankey Diagram)
0.0142kg/s
4.23 (Sankey Diagram)
0.0178kg/s
4.24 (Sankey Diagram)
0.0211kg/s
.1 Thermocouple 1-7
.2 Thermocouple 8-14
.1 , ,
.2
.3 Heating value

93
94

95

96
97
98
99
110
111
153
154
155

A
C
CO
CO2
cp
cp,c
cPG
cr
cp,s
E
Gross C.V
g
H
HHV
Hf
Hl
h
he
hfg
k
L
LHV
M
m
Net C.V
Nu
O
PPM

, m2
(Carbon)
(Carbon monoxide)
(Carbon dioxide)

(Coconut syrup)
, (kJ/kg K)
, kg
(Sugar)
, kW
(Gross calorific value)
Gravitational constant = 9.81 m/s2
(Hydrogen)
(Higher heating value)
, kJ/kg
373 K 105 Pa
, W/m2 K
, kJ/kg
(kJ/kg)
, W/m K
, m
(Lower heating value)

, kg
(Net calorific value)
Nusselt number
(Oxygen)
Part per million

Q
Ra
S
SO2
T
V
W
w
Xa
Xc
Xf
Xp
Xs
Xw
T

, W
Rayleigh number
(Sulfur)
(Sulfur dioxide)
, C
, m/s
, %
, J

Thermal diffusivity, m2/s

Volumetric thermal expansion coefficient, K-1
Emissivity

Kinematic viscosity, m2/s

, kg/m3
(Summation)
Stefan Boltzman, 5.67 x 10-8 W/m2 K 4

a
amb
c
cf

, C
(Coconut syrup)
, %

conv
cr
DFG
e
elec
f
fg
fuel
g
H2O
i
i,evap
0
p
r
rad
s

, W
, %

Electric blower
, C
, kJ/kg
, kg

, kg

, K

, kg
, W
, K