Building Blocks for Designs with Amplifiers

High-Pass Filter/Differentiator
VSUPPLY

Current Sensing Amp

VIN

CIN RIN

RF VOUT

+IN IS RS IN VS VREF2 VREF1

GAIN FIXED VALUE AS SPECIFIED ON DATA SHEET

GND

V+ VOUT

LOAD

BLOCK DC, AMPLIFY AC VOUT APPROXIMATES dVIN dT

AMPLIFY VOLTAGE ACROSS RS REJECT VSUPPLY

Differential Amplier

Low-Pass Filter Integrator

RF = 200 RG = 200 VOCM RG = 200 RF VOUTdiff = RG RF = 200 VOUT

VOUT VIN

R1

RF VOUT t = RC = RFC

VIN

DRIVE A DIFFERENTIAL INPUT ADC FROM A DIFFERENTIAL OR SINGLE-ENDED SOURCE

LIMIT BANDWIDTH OF SIGNAL

Isolation Amplier

Voltage Follower

FB IN IN+ VSIG IN COM ISOLATE VSIG SIGNAL FROM VOUT VISO UP TO 3500V MOD 5V FS SIGNAL DEMOD 5V FS HI VOUT LO VOUT = VIN VIN VOUT

VOUT = VIN

BUFFER HIGH IMPEDANCE SOURCE TO LOW RESISTANCE LOAD

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Instrumentation Amplier
VIN 10k 10k VCM RG 24.7k 10k +VIN 10k OUT VIN RFBH VIN RFBL PWRA

Variable Gain Amplier

PRAO PrA VGAI ATTENUATOR VOUT

BIAS

GAIN CONTROL INTERFACE VCOM GPOS GNEG

VNEG VOUT = 1 + 2 24.7k RG VREF VIN + VREF

GAIN (dB) = 20log

VPOS

RFBH +1 RFBL

+ 50dB GPOS GNEG + 16.5dB V

AMPLIFY LOW LEVEL DIFFERENTIAL SIGNAL, REJECT COMMON-MODE SIGNAL

AMPLIFY INPUT SIGNAL BY A FACTOR OF 1 TO 1000, 0dB TO 60dB, SET BY VGAIN

Noninverting Op Amp

Voltage Subtractor/Difference Amp

VIN RF

VOUT VA VCM VB R1

R2 VOUT

RG VOUT = RF RG + 1 VIN

R1

R2 VOUT =

R2 R1

( VB VA )

IN-PHASE SIGNAL AMPLIFICATION

AMPLIFY THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO VOLTAGES, REJECT COMMON-MODE VOLTAGE

Voltage Adder
VA VB VC VN R1 R2 R3 RN VOUT RF VIN

Inverting Op Amp

RG

RF

VOUT

VOUT = VA R1 VB R2 VC R3 VN RN

RF RG

VIN

VOUT = RF

SUM MULTIPLE VOLTAGES

AMPLIFY AND INVERT INPUT

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Op Amp Noise Model for Single-Pole System

VN, R2 R2 GAIN FROM = A TO OUTPUT NOISE GAIN = NG = 1 + VN R3 CLOSEDLOOP BW = fCL R2 R1 VOUT GAIN FROM = R2 B TO OUTPUT R1

Ohms Law

V=I I= V R V I

P=I

VN, R1

R1

IN

4kTR2

V I R

P = I2 V2 R

4kTR1 A VN, R3

R=

P= I= P= R= V= current (A) power (W) resistance ( ) voltage (V)

IN+

4kTR3 R2 R1 + R2
2 2

VN2 + 4kTR3 + 4kTR1 RTI NOISE = BW + IN+2 R32 + IN2

R1 R2 R1 + R2

+ 4kTR2

R1 R1 + R2

Resistor Johnson Noise Formula

RTO NOISE = NG RTI NOISE BW = 1.57 fCL RTI = REFER TO INPUT RTO = REFER TO OUTPUT

10,000

1000

en

100

Closed-Loop Frequency Response for Voltage Feedback Amp

GAIN (dB)

nV Hz 10

0 10 OPENLOOP GAIN LOOP GAIN 6dB/OCTAVE ROLL-OFF

100

1k

10k 100k RESISTANCE ( )

1M

10M

100M

VR = 4kTRB where: VR = resistor Johnson Noise spectral density

CLOSEDLOOP GAIN

NOISE GAIN

k= T= R= B=

Boltzmanns constant (1.38 1023 J/K) absolute temperature in Kelvin resistance in Ohms bandwidth in Hz

CLOSED-LOOP BANDWITH LOG FREQUENCY

At 25C, 4kT = 1.65 therefore, VR = 1.65

1020 W/Hz 10 20RB

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Common 1% Resistor Values 1% standard values decade multiples are available from 10.0 through 1.00 M (also 1.10 M , 1.20 M , 1.30 M , 1.50 M , 1.60 M , 1.80 M , 2.00 M , and 2.20 M ). Standard base resistor values are given in the following table for the most commonly used tolerance (1%), along with typically available resistance ranges. To determine values other than the base, multiply the base value by 10, 100, 1000, or 10,000.
pF 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 10.0 13.3 17.8 23.7 31.6 42.2 56.2 75.0 10.2 13.7 18.2 24.3 32.4 43.2 57.6 76.8 10.5 14.0 18.7 24.9 33.2 44.2 59.0 78.7 10.7 14.3 19.1 25.5 34.0 45.3 60.4 80.6 11.0 14.7 19.6 26.1 34.8 46.4 61.9 82.5 11.3 15.0 20.0 26.7 35.7 47.5 63.4 84.5 11.5 15.4 20.5 27.4 36.5 48.7 64.9 86.6 11.8 15.8 21.0 28.0 37.4 49.9 66.5 88.7 12.1 16.2 21.5 28.7 38.3 51.1 68.1 90.9 12.4 16.5 22.1 29.4 39.2 52.3 69.8 93.1 12.7 16.9 22.6 30.1 40.2 53.6 71.5 95.3 13.0 17.4 23.2 30.9 41.2 54.9 73.2 97.6 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.6 6.2 6.8 7.5 8.2 9.1 pF 10 11 12 13 15 16 18 20 22 24 27 30 33 36 39 43 47 51 56 62 68 75 82 91 pF 100 110 120 130 150 160 180 200 220 240 270 300 330 360 390 430 470 510 560 620 680 750 820 910

Common Capacitor Values

pF 1000 1100 1200 1300 1500 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2700 3000 3300 3600 3900 4300 4700 5100 5600 6200 6800 7500 8200 9100 0.068 0.68 6.8 68 680 6800 0.047 0.47 4.7 47 470 4700 0.033 0.33 3.3 33 330 3300 0.022 0.22 2.2 22 220 2200 0.015 0.15 1.5 15 150 1500 F 0.01 F 0.1 F 1.0 F 10 F 100 F 1000 F 10,000

Resistor Color Codes

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Black 0 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1% 2% 5% 10% Brown Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Purple Grey White Brown Red Gold Silver
0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9
5 Band Resistors

Common Amplier Packages and Thermal Impedances

1% 2% 5% 10%
6-lead WLCSP 8-lead MSOP 5-lead SC70 Package WLCSP SC70 10-lead MSOP 5-lead SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 SOT-23 6-lead SOT-23 8-lead TSSOP LFCSP LFCSP 8-lead SOT-23 16-lead TSSOP MSOP MSOP 16-lead LFCSP 8-lead SOIC TSSOP TSSOP SOIC 14-lead SOIC SOIC SOIC 16-lead SOIC Packages are shown approximately 2 actual size. PDIP 14 16 8 8.65 9.90 9.27 3.90 3.90 7.10 1.27 1.27 2.54 93 56 85 8 16 8 10 8 16 8 2.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 4.90 3.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 4.40 4.40 3.90 0.50 0.50 0.65 0.50 0.65 0.65 1.27 145 63 214 196 141 113 121 Leads 6 5 5 6 8 Dimensions (mm) 0.95 2.00 2.90 2.90 2.90 1.45 1.25 1.60 1.60 1.60 Lead Pitch (mm) 0.50 0.65 0.95 0.95 0.65 Typical Theta JA (C/W) 200 580 119 169 160

15k EXAMPLE
1 10 100 1000 10000 10 100

Color Codes

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