TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP THNH PH H CH MINH

KHOA QUN TR KINH DOANH

Tiu lun mn hc
KINH T LNG
Tn ti:
NGHIN CU S TC NG CA CC YU T DN S, TNG SN PHM
NNG - LM - NG NGHIP, CNG NGHIP XY DNG, DCH V N
TNG SN PHM QUC NI (GDP)
Sinh vin thc hin:

NHM 9

1. inh Tn t
2. Nguyn Th Hng Giang
3. Nguyn Th Kim Khnh
4. Nguyn L Hi Qunh
5. Trn Th Hng Nhung
6. L Th Nga
7. L Th Hong Yn
8. Nguyn Th Dim Trinh
9. Xaynhavong Vilayphone
Ging vin hng dn: ThS. Nguyn Tn Minh
TP. HCM, NGY 22 THNG 05 NM 2012

Trang 1

LI CM N
Em xin gi li cm n ti thy Nguyn Tn Minh, tn tnh hng dn v trang b
cho chng em nn tng kin thc mn hc, gii p nhng thc mc ca chng em v
nht l nhng thc mc trong qu trnh s dng phn mm SPSS em c th hon
thnh mt cch tt nht bi tiu lun ny
Vi thi gian tip xc vi mn hc v chng trnh SPSS cha lu v nhng hiu bit
v kin thc thng k, kim nh cn hn hp nn bi tiu lun ca em chc chn s
c nhng thiu st nht nh,rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca thy v cc
bn bi tiu lun ny c hon thin hn na.
Em xin chn thnh cm n.

Trang 2

MC LC
Phn 1 : C S L LUN .......................................................................................... 4
1.1.Vn nghin cu: ............................................................................................... 4
1.2.L do chn ti: .................................................................................................. 4
1.3 nh ngha ca cc bin trong kinh t hc ........................................................... 5
1.4 Phng php tnh t ng sn ph m quc ni ........................................................... 5
1.5 L thuyt a bin c lp,cc bin ph thuc vo m hnh ............................... 6
Phn 2: THIT LP, PHN TCH V NH GI M HNH ............................... 8
2.1. Xy dng m hnh................................................................................................ 8
2.2. Phn tch kt qu thc nghim ............................................................................ 9
2.3 Bng ANOVA phn tch hm hi quy ................................................................ 15
2.4 Bng Model Summary quan h gia bin c lp v bin ph thuc ................ 16
2.5 Kim nh s ph hp ca hm hi quy ............................................................. 17
Phn 3: D BO V CHNH SCH TRONG TNG LAI ................................... 18
3.1 D bo ................................................................................................................. 18
3.2 Kim nh v khc phc cc hin tng trong m hnh ..................................... 19
Phn 4 : KT LUN .................................................................................................... 19

Trang 3

Phn 1 : C S L LUN
1.1.Vn nghin cu:
Th nghim xy dng m hnh kinh t lng phn tch nhng tc ng, nh hng
ca Dn s, t ng sn ph m Nng lm ng nghip( NLNN), Cng nghip- Xy dng
(CN-XD) v Dch v (DV) n t ng thu nhp quc ni ca Vit Nam t nm 1990
n 2009.
1.2.L do chn ti:
Mi s vt, hin tng ni chung hay mt vn kinh t ni ring lun c mi
quan h logic, chu tc ng kh nhiu bi cc nhn t lin quan khc. Nhn thy
mn Kinh t lng l mn hc c ni dung lin quan n vic nghin cu cc vn
kinh t, gip cho chng em hiu thu o hn nhng i lng y c bn cht nh
th no, quan h vi nhau nh th no v ng thi gip ch cho vic nghin cu cc
mn hc khc nh kinh t vi m, v mc d dng hn cng nh trang b kin
thc c bn cho cng vic sau ny.
- Vit Nam l mt t nc c nn nng nghip tn ti v pht trin t lu i.
Nhng nm trc y thu nhp t cc ngnh Nng lm ng chim t trng ln trong
t ng thu nhp c nc. Vi cng cuc Cng nghip ha - hin i ha t nc, cc
ngnh cng nghip, dch v ngy cng c ch trng v mang li ngun thu nhp ln
cho quc gia.
Vic nghin cu nhng tc ng ca t ng gi tr Nng lm ng nghip, Cng
nghip, Dch v v ch s dn s gip ta bit c mc nh hng ca chng n
t ng sn ph m quc ni l nh th no. Thng qua vic tm hiu l thuyt cng nh
nhng ch tiu, hiu c nhng c im, tnh cht v xu hng pht trin t
a ra nhng nh hng, gii php ti u nht.
l l do nhm chng em chn nghin cu ti ny.

Trang 4

1.3 nh ngha ca cc bin trong kinh t hc

T ng sn ph m quc ni hay GDP (vit tt ca Gross Domestic Product) l gi
tr tnh bng tin ca tt c sn ph m v dch v cui cng c sn xut ra trong
phm vi mt lnh th trong mt khong thi gian nht nh, thng l mt nm. GDP
l s o v gi tr ca hot ng kinh t quc gia.
tnh GDP, ngi ta s dng rt nhiu cc d liu s cp, c tp hp t cc
ngun thng k n nh khc nhau. Mc tiu ca vic tnh GDP l tp hp cc thng
tin ri rc li thnh mt con s bng thc o tin t, v d ng Vit Nam (VN)
hay -la M (US Dollar) -- con s ni ln gi tr ca t ng th cc hot ng.
1.4 Ph ng php tnh tng s n phm qu c n i
C 3 loi phng php:
1.4.1 Ph

ng php tnh theo chi tiu

T ng sn ph m quc ni (GDP) l t ng gi tr tnh bng tin ca lung sn ph m cui

cng m mt quc gia to ra. GDP bao gm ton b gi tr th trng ca cc hng
ha v dch v cui cng m cc h gia nh, cc doanh nghip, chnh ph mua v
khon xut kh u rng c thc hin trong thi gian mt nm. c th hin nh
sau:
GDP = C + I + G + X - M
Trong : GDP: Tng sn phm quc ni
C: Tiu dng ca h gia nh
I: u t ca cc nh sn xut
X: Xut khu
M: Nhp khu
Ti: Thu gin thu
NX: Xut khu rng
G: Chi tiu ca Chnh ph

Trang 5

1.4.2 Ph

ng php tnh theo thu nhp

GDP c tnh da vo t ng thu nhp ca cc yu t sn xut trong nn kinh t

c huy ng cho qu trine sn xut. GDP cng bao gm nhiu thu gin thu v
khu hao m chng khng phi l thu nhp ca cc yu t. T ng thu nhp t cc yu
t sn xut bao gm:
- Tin lng v cc khon tin thng ma ngi lao ng c hng:(W)
- Thu nhp ca ngi cho vay: Tin li (i)
- Thu nhp ca ch t, ch nh v ch cc ti sn cho thu khc: Tin thu (R)
-

Thu nhp ca cc doanh nghip: Li nhun (r)

Thu gin thu (Te)

Khu hao (De)

GDP theo tin thu nhp = W + i + R + r + Ti + De
Nh vy, T ng sn ph m quc ni cng c ngha l t ng tin thu nhp v cc yu

t sn xut (lng, tin li cho vay, thu nh v li nhun), dng lm chi ph sn xut
ra nhng sn ph m cui cng ca x hi.
1.4.3 Ph

ng php tnh theo gi tr gia tng

GDP c tnh theo gi tr gia tng ng vi mi cng on sn xut.

GDP =
Vi VAi = xut lng ca doanh nghip i chi ph trung gian ca doanh nghip i
1.5 L thu t a bin c lp,cc bin ph thu c vo m h nh
1.5.1 Dn s
Nhng nm gn y th gii ang i mt vi hin tng bng n dn s, c th nm
2010 dn s th gii ln n con s 7 t. Vit nam cng l mt trong nhng nc
c s dn ln, khi dn s tng nhanh th thu nhp u ngi cng thp. Ngc li,
mc thu nhp bnh qun u ngi c tc ng nht nh n t l sinh v t ca dn
s.

Trang 6

1.5.2 Nng lm ng nghip

Nng nghip, ng nghip l nhng nhng ngnh kinh t c mt t lu i, to ra sn
ph m thit yu nht cho cuc sng. Trong xu th cng nghip ha, hin i ha nh
hin nay, nng nghip vn gi mt vai tr quan trng trong nn kinh t ca mi quc
gia.
1.5.3 Cng nghip v x dng
Hin nay cng nghip l ngnh chim t trng cao trong nn kinh t nc ta, thu nhp
cng nghip ng gp mt phn khng nh vo t ng thu nhp quc dn. n nm
2020 Vit Nam tr thnh mt nc Cng nghip theo hng hin i, chu n b
cho bc tin ny, hng lot trang thit b, c s h tng c u t xy, pht trin
thc y cho ngnh xy dng pht trin nhanh chng. Mt khc CN-XD pht trin
cn gp phn to ra nhiu vic lm v to iu kin cho cc ngnh ngh c lin quan
pht trin. iu ny cho ta thy CN-XD c tc ng kh nhiu n GDP.
1.5.4 Dch v
Cng nh Cng Nghip, ngnh Dich v ang dn khng nh v th trong nn kinh t,
tuy thi im bt u c t trng tng i nh nhng vi c im Vit Nam l mt
t nc c nn vn ha a dng, nhiu ti nguyn thin nhin phong ph. Cc ngnh
dch v v ang pht trin vi tc cao v tc ng ln n t ng thu nhp quc
ni GDP.

Trang 7

Phn 2: THIT LP, PHN TCH V NH GI M HNH

2.1. X dng m h nh
2.1.1 Gii thiu cc bin:
2.1.1.1 Bin ph thu c:
T ng sn ph m quc ni GDP (n v tnh: nghn t)
2.1.1.2 Bin c lp
DS: Dn s (n v tnh: nghn ngi )
NLNN: T ng sn ph m nng lm ng nghip (n v tnh: nghn t)
CNXD : T ng sn ph m cng nghip v xy dng (n
v tnh:nghn t)
DV: T ng sn ph m dch v (n v tnh: nghn t)
2.1.2 M h nh tng th
GDPi = 1 + 2 DS +3NLNN + 4CNXD + 5DV
2.1.3. Ngun g c s liu v m t s liu
- S liu tm c t trang web ca T ng cc thng k : http://gso.gov.vn
- Bng s liu : ( 1990 2009)
Stt

Nm

GDP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000

39284
72620
106757
134913
174017
228677
269654
308600
352836
392693
435319

Dn s
66016.7
67242.4
68450.1
69644.5
70824.5
71995.5
73156.7
74306.9
75456.3
76596.7
77630.9

Tng sn
phm NLNN
16252
31058
37513
41895
48968
62219
75514
80826
93073
101723
108356

Trang 8

Tng sn phm
CNXD
9513
18252
30135
40535
51540
65820
80876
100595
117299
137959
162220

Tng sn phm
dch v
16190
27397
42884
57828
78026
100853
115646
132202
150645
160260
171070

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009

474855
527056
603688
701906
822432
951456
1108752
1436955
1567553

78621.0
79538.7
80468.4
81437.7
82393.5
83313.0
84221.1
85122.3
86024.6

111858
123383
138285
155992
175984
198798
232586
329886
346786

183515
206197
242126
287616
344224
404697
474423
591608
667323

185922
206182
233032
271699
319003
370771
436706
563544
644280

2.1.4 D on k vng ca cc bin

2 dng: Khi dn s tng th s dn n t ng thu nhp trong nc GDP tng.
3 dng : Khi t ng sn ph m nng lm ng nghip tng th s dn n t ng thu nhp
trong nc GDP tng.
4 dng : Khi t ng sn ph m cng nghip xy dng tng s dn n gi tr t ng thu
nhp trong nc GDP tng.
5 dng: Khi t ng sn ph m dch v tng s dn n gi tr t ng thu nhp trong nc
GDP tng.

2.2. Phn tch kt qu thc nghim

2.2.1 Kt qu t phn mm SPSS
Model Summary

Adjusted
Model R
1
a.

1.000

Predictors:

R Std.

Error

R Square

Square

the Estimate

1.000

1.000

5515.23401

(Constant),

TONGSPDICHVU,

of

DANSO,

TONGSPCONGNGHIEPXAYDUNG,
TONGSPNONGLAMNGUNGHIEP

Trang 9

Model Summary

Adjusted
Model R
a

1
a.

1.000

Predictors:

R Std.

Error

R Square

Square

the Estimate

1.000

1.000

5515.23401

(Constant),

TONGSPDICHVU,

of

DANSO,

TONGSPCONGNGHIEPXAYDUNG,
TONGSPNONGLAMNGUNGHIEP
b. Dependent Variable: TONGTHUNHAPQUOCDAN

ANOVA

Sum
Model
1

a.

of

Squares

df

Mean Square F

Sig.

Regression

3.713E12

9.282E11

.000

Residual

4.563E8

15

3.042E7

Total

3.713E12

19

Predictors:

(Constant),

3.052E4

TONGSPDICHVU,

DANSO,

TONGSPCONGNGHIEPXAYDUNG, TONGSPNONGLAMNGUNGHIEP
b. Dependent Variable: TONGTHUNHAPQUOCDAN

2.2.2 Phn tch s liu b ng Coefficients

Coefficients

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized

95% Confidence Interval for

Coefficients

B
Lower

Model
1

B
(Constant)

Std. Error

Beta

Sig.

Bound

Upper Bound

-5.186

.000

-257071.359 -107304.623

182187.99 35132.602
1

DANSO

2.732

.497

.039

5.498

.000

1.673

3.791

GLAMNGUNG 1.300

.200

.273

6.514

.000

.874

1.725

TONGSPNON

HIEP

Trang 10

TONGSPCON
GNGHIEPXAY 1.119

.087

.492

12.870

.000

.934

1.305

.157

.202

3.241

.005

.175

.846

DUNG
TONGSPDICH
.510
VU
a. Dependent Variable: TONGTHUNHAPQUOCDAN

2.2.3 Kt qu hi qu

GDP =

Se

-182187.991

35132.602

2.732*DS

0.497

1.3*NLNN

0.2

1.119*CNXD 0.51*DICHV
U
0.087

0.157

UL

(-257069,6249;
-107306,3691)

(1,6727;
3.7913)

(0.8737;
1.7263)

(0.9336;
1.3044)

(0.1754;
0.8446)

-5.186

5.498

6.514

12.870

3.241

Sig

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

R2

1.000

3.052x104

Sig = 0.000

Kt lun hm hi quy:
Y = -182187.991 + 2.732 DS + 1.3 NLNN + 1.119 CNXD + 0.51 DV
Hay:
GDP = -182187.991 + 2.732 DN S + 1.3 NNG LM NG + 1.119 CNXD
+ 0.51 DCH V

Trang 11

 ngha ca cc h s hi qu :
Constant: l h s 1 = -182187.991 ngha l, khi mc dn s, gi tr NLNN,
CNXD, DV u bng 0 th GDP c gi tr l -182187.991 nghn t VN.
o 2 = 2.732: khi dn s tng 1 n v th gi tr t ng thu nhp trong nc GDP
ca mi quc gia s tng 2.732 nghn t VN vi iu kin cc yu t khc
khng thay i v ngc li.
o 3 = 1.3: khi gi tr Nng Lm Ng nghip tng 1 VN th gi tr t ng thu nhp
trong nc GDP ca mi quc gia s tng 1.3 VN vi iu kin cc yu t
khc khng thay i v ngc li.
o 4 =1.119 : khi gi tr Cng nghip Xy dng tng 1 VN th gi tr t ng thu
nhp trong nc GDP ca mi quc gia s tng 1.119 VN vi iu kin cc
yu t khc khng thay i v ngc li.
o 5 = 0.51: khi gi tr Dch v tng 1VN th gi tr t ng thu nhp trong nc
GDP ca mi quc gia s tng 0.51 VN vi iu kin cc yu t khc khng
thay i v ngc li.

2.2.4 lch chun ca cc h s

Std. Error l lch chu n ca cc h s:
T b ng kt qu ta c:
Se(1) = 35132.602
Se(2) = 0.497
Se(3) = 0.2
Se(4) = 0.087
Se(5) = 0.157

Trang 12

2.2.5 Kho ng tin c ca cc h s hi qu

Ta c: 95% confidence Interval for B l khong cch ca cc h s hi quy
Suy ra: = 5%, t(/2;15) =2,1314
Kho ng tin c ca 1
1 - t(/2;15)*Se(1) 1 1 + t(/2;15)*Se(1)
hay -257069,6249 1 -107306,3691
Tng t, ta c:
Kho ng tin c cho 2: 1.6727 2 3.7913
Kho ng tin c cho 3: 0.8737 3

1.7263

Kho ng tin c cho 4: 0.9336 4 1.3044

Kho ng tin c cho 5: 0.1754 5

0.8446

ngha:
Vi nhng iu kin khc khng i khi gi tr Nng Lm Ng nghip, Cng
nghip, Dch v v dn s

bng 0 th t ng thu nhp GDP trong khong [-

257069.6249; -107306.3691]
Khi dn s tng ln 1 n v v cc yu t khc khng thay i th GDP hng nm
s tng ln trong khong 1.6727; 3.7913
Khi gi tr Nng Lm Ng nghip tng ln 1 VN v cc yu t khc khng i
th t ng thu nhp GDP hng nm s tng ln trong khong 0.8737; 1.7263
Khi gi tr Cng nghip Dch v tng ln 1 VN v cc yu t khc khng i
th t ng thu nhp GDP hng nm s tng ln trong khong 0.9336; 1.3044]
Khi gi tr Dch v tng ln 1 VN v cc yu t khc khng i th t ng thu nhp
GDP hng nm s tng ln trong khong [0.1754; 0.8446]

Trang 13

2.2.6 Kim nh cc h s hi qu
t(/2;15) = 2.1314
Sig. l mc ngha ca cc h s hi quy Sig < 0.025 l h s c chp nhn.
+) Kim nh h s hi qu 1
Gi thit:
H0: 1 = 0
H1: 1 0

Ta c:

t=

= -5.186

Ta thy: t = -5.186 <- t(/2;15) : Bc b gi thit H0, chp nhn gi thit H1

Nhn vo khong 1 ta kt lun 1 chp nhn c.
) Kim nh h s hi qu 2
Gi thit:
H0: 2 = 0
H1: 2 0

Ta c:

t=

= 5.498

Ta thy: t = 5.498 > t(/2;15): Bc b gi thit H0, chp nhn gi thit H1.
Nhn vo khong 2 ta kt lun 2 chp nhn c. Vy yu t dn s c nh
hng n t ng thu nhp GDP
) Kim nh h s hi qu 3
H0: 3 = 0
H1: 3 0

Ta c:

t=

=6.514

Ta thy: t = 6.514 > t(/2;15): Chp nhn gi thit H1.

Trang 14

 Nhn vo khong 3 ta kt lun 3 chp nhn c. Vy yu t Nng Lm Ng

nghip c nh hng n t ng thu nhp GDP.
) Kim nh h s hi qu 4
H0: 4 = 0
H1: 4 0

Ta c:

t=

= 12.870

Ta thy t = 12.870 > t(/2;15): Chp nhn gi thit H1.

Nhn vo khong 4 ta kt lun 4 chp nhn c. Vy yu t Cng nghip- Xy
dng c nh hng n t ng thu nhp GDP.
+) Kim nh h s hi qu 5
H0: 5 = 0
H1: 5 0

Ta c:

t=

= 3.241

Ta thy: t = 3.241 > t(/2;15 ) : chp nhn gi thit H1.

Nhn vo khong 5 ta kt lun 5 chp nhn c. Vy yu t Dch v c nh
hng n t ng thu nhp GDP.

2.3 B ng ANOVA phn tch hm hi qu

ANOVAb
Sum
Squares

Model
1

of
df

Mean Square F

Regression 3.713E12

9.282E11

Residual

4.563E8

15

3.042E7

Total

3.713E12

19

a.
Predictors:
(Constant),
TONGSPDICHVU,
TONGSPCONGNGHIEPXAYDUNG,
TONGSPNONGLAMNGUNGHIEP

Trang 15

Sig.

3.052E4 .000a

DANSO,

ANOVAb
Sum
Squares

Model
1

of
df

Mean Square F

Regression 3.713E12

9.282E11

Residual

4.563E8

15

3.042E7

Total

3.713E12

19

Sig.

3.052E4 .000a

b. Dependent Variable: TONGTHUNHAPQUOCDAN

Ta c: RSS = TSS ESS

Trong :
Regression l h s xc nh ESS, ESS = 3.713x1012
Residual l h s xc nh RSS, RSS = 4.563x108
Total l h s xc nh TSS, TSS = 3.713x1012
ESS > RSS hm hi quy mu ph hp vi s liu quan st

2.4 B ng Model Summar quan h gia bin c lp v bin ph thu c

Model Summaryb
Model R
1

1.000a

R
Square

Adjusted
Square

1.000

1.000

R Std. Error of
the Estimate
5515.23401

a. Predictors: (Constant), TONGSPDICHVU,

DANSO,
TONGSPCONGNGHIEPXAYDUNG,
TONGSPNONGLAMNGUNGHIEP
b. Dependent Variable: TONGTHUNHAPQUOCDAN

R Square l h s xc nh, R2 = 1.000

=> hm hi quy c ngha thng k.
R l h s tng quan, r = 1.000
Adjusted R Square l h s iu chnh R2 = 1.000
Khng cn phi tng thm bin mi vo m hnh.

Trang 16

2.5 Kim nh s ph hp ca hm hi qu
F l phn phi chu n F vi tin cy 95%,
G thit:
H0: R2 = 0
H1: R2 0

Vi F =

3.052x104

Ta c F0.05;(4,15) = 3.0556
V F > F(0.05;4,15) : bc b H0.
Sig l mc ngha ca hm s hi quy sig < 0.05 l hm s c chp nhn.
Chp nhn hm hi quy. Nh kinh t c th dng hm hi quy d bo kinh t.

Trang 17

Phn 3: D BO V CHNH SCH TRONG TNG LAI

3.1 D bo
Cho s liu d bo sau:
Dn s = 87000.0
Nng lm ng = 335430.0
Cng nghip Xy dng = 687930.5
Dch v = 653942.1
Residuals Statisticsa
Minimum Maximum Mean
Predicted Value
Std. Predicted Value
Standard
Error
Predicted Value
Adjusted
Value

of

Predicted

Residual

Std.
Deviation

3.8172E4 1.5790E6

5.3550E
4.42058E5
5

20

-1.125

.000

20

2.361

1.000

1928.593 4945.115 2.638E3 825.219

3.7494E4 1.6025E6

5.3480E
4.41210E5
5

20
20

8.30612E
1.14463E
.00000
3
4

4900.41401

20

Std. Residual

-2.075

1.506

.000

.889

20

Stud. Residual

-3.626

3.401

.031

1.364

20

Deleted Residual

4.23657E 6.98334
3.49327E
13409.96411 20
4
E2
4

Stud. Deleted Residual -9.961

6.870

-.103

2.876

20

Mahal. Distance

1.373

14.325

3.800

3.460

20

Cook's Distance

.000

9.488

.773

2.375

20

Centered
Value

.072

.754

.200

.182

20

Leverage

a. Dependent Variable: TONGTHUNHAPQUOCDAN

Qua bng kt qu ta c:

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Vi h s tin cy l 5%, ta c d bo sau:

3.8172104 < Y < 1.5790106
Hay: 3.8172104 < GDP < 1.5790106
Mean l khong d bo gi tr trung bnh, bng 5.3550105

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Phn 4 : KT LUN
4.1 Kt lun m h nh
GDP = -182187,991 + 2,732 DS + 1,3 NLNN+1,119 CNXD +0,510 DV
T m hnh hi quy, ta c th kt lun t ng sn ph m quc ni GDP ca mt
quc gia chu s tc ng, nh hng ca cc yu t dn s, t ng sn ph m nng lm
ng nghip, t ng sn ph m cng nghip xy dng, t ng sn ph m dch v. Nhng
mc tc ng, nh hng ca mi yu t li khc nhau.
4.2 H ng m r ng
Theo kt qu nghin cu, h s ca dn s cao nht l 2,732 nh vy chng t
dn s Vit Nam tng nhanh khi t ng thu nhp tng ln. Thc t dn s nc ta
hin nay cng ang tng rt nhanh, tuy tng dn s tc ng n thu nhp, nhng
tng dn s nhanh nhng yu t sn xut trong nn kinh t thp th nn kinh t vn
chm pht trin. V vy chnh sch kinh t hin nay cn a ra l gim t l dn s,
gia tng sn xut cc khu vc kinh t: Nng Lm Ng nghip, Cng nghip- Xy
dng, Dch v.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Gio trnh kinh t lng (PGS.TS.Nguyn Minh Tun Ths. Nguyn Tn

Minh).
2. Kinh t lng ng dng ( ThS. Phm Tr Cao & ThS. V Minh Chu
NXB Thng k ).
3. T internet.

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