CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1 T CHC V THNG TIN TRONG T CHC: 1.1.1 Cc khi nim chung: T chc: l mt h thng c to ra t cc c th lm d dng vic t mc tiu bng hp tc v phn cng lao ng. Lao ng qun l: bao gm lao ng ra quyt nh v lao ng thng tin

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

Lao ng thng tin: lao ng dnh cho vic thu thp, lu tr, x l v phn pht thng tin Lao ng ra quyt nh: phn lao ng ca nh qun l t khi c thng tin n khi k ban hnh quyt nh

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.2 S qun l mt t chc di gc iu khin hc:
Thng tin t mi trng
H thng qun l

Thng tin ra mi trng

Thng tin tc nghip

i tng qun l

Thng tin quyt nh

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.3 Cc m hnh qun l mt t chc:

Cu trc gin n

Cu trc quan ch my mc
Cu trc chuyn mn

Cu trc phn quyn

Cu trc nhm d n

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.4 Cc cp qun l trong mt t chc:

Cp chin lc

Cp chin thut
Cp tc nghip

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.4 Cc cp qun l trong mt t chc:
Cp chin lc Cp chin thut Cp tc nghip

Quyt nh Quyt nh Quyt nh

Thng tin Thng tin Thng tin

X l giao dch D liu D liu D liu

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.5 S t chc trong doanh nghip :
Gim c Ph gim c (TC)
K ton K hoch

Ph gim c (NL)
T chc Vn th Bo v

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.1.6 Cc u mi TT ngoi ca mt DN:
Nh nc v cp trn Khch hng Doanh nghip cnh tranh DOANH NGHIP H thng qun l Doanh nghip c lin quan Doanh nghip s cnh tranh i tng qun l Nh cung cp

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.2 H THNG THNG TIN 1.2.1 nh ngha h thng thng tin v cc b phn cu thnh: Thng tin Thng tin kinh t Thng tin qun l Qu trnh x l thng tin

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

H thng thng tin: L mt tp hp gm con ngi, cc thit b phn cng, phn mm, d liu thc hin cc hot ng thu thp, lu tr, x l v phn phi thng tin trong tp hp rng buc l mi trng

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

Cc b phn cu thnh h thng thng tin:

Ngun Thu thp X l v lu tr ch Phn pht

Kho d liu

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

c trng ca h thng thng tin: - Phi c thit k, t chc phc v nhiu lnh vc hoc nhim v tng th ca mt t chc - t mc tiu l h tr ra cc quyt nh - Da trn k thut tin tin v x l thng tin - C kt cu mm do, pht trin c (HT m)

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

Hai loi HTTT: * HTTT chnh thc * HTTT khng chnh thc

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.2.2 Phn loi h thng thng tin: Phn loi h thng thng tin theo mc ch phc v Phn loi h thng thng tin trong t chc doanh nghip

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

H thng thng tin x l giao dch
(TPS Transaction Processing System)

H thng thng tin qun l

(MIS Management Informaton System)

H thng tr gip ra quyt nh

(DSS Decision Support System)

H thng chuyn gia (ES Expert System) H thng tng cng kh nng cnh tranh
(ISCA Information System for Competitive Advantage)

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

H thng thng tin ti chnh H thng thng tin Marketing H thng thng tin qun l kinh doanh v sn xut H thng thng tin ngun nhn lc H thng thng tin vn phng

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.2.3 Tiu chun nh gi h thng thng tin:

tin cy

Tnh y
Tnh thch hp, d hiu

Tnh c bo v
ng thi im

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.2.4 Li ch kinh t ca h thng thng tin: a. Gi thnh thng tin: Gi thnh thng tin = Cc khon chi to ra thng tin b. Gi tr ca thng tin: bng li ch thu c ca vic thay i phng n quyt nh do thng tin to ra.

V d: Doanh nghip xy dng chin lc a sn phm mi ra th trng. Chin lc A: gi thp Chin lc B: gi trung bnh Chin lc C: gi cao Doanh nghip quyt nh chn chin lc A Tuy nhin trc khi c quyt nh chnh thc DN tin hnh iu tra th trng thu c kt qu: Chin lc A: s thu c li nhun 100 Chin lc B: s thu c li nhun 150 Chin lc C: s thu c li nhun 120 Chn chin lc B. Gi tr thng tin = 50

CHNG I: CC KHI NIM C BN V H THNG THNG TIN

1.2.4 Li ch kinh t ca thng tin: c. Gi tr ca h thng thng tin Gi tr ca h thng thng tin l s th hin bng tin tp hp nhng ri ro m t chc trnh c v nhng c hi thun li m t chc c c nh h thng thng tin.

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.1 TI NGUYN PHN CNG TRONG H THNG THNG TIN My tnh in t Mng my tnh

2.1.1 My tnh in t: a. S chc nng

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

B x l lnh B logic v Thc hin s hc ch th v Thc hin cc iu khin php ton s x l hc v so snh B nh trong Lu tr d liu v cc chng trnh trong thi gian x l

Cc thit b vo Nhp d liu v chng trnh vo my tnh

Cc thit b ra a thng tin ra t trong my tnh

Thit b nh ngoi Lu tr d liu v chng trnh cho cc cng vic x l

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

b. Phn loi my tnh in t: Siu my tnh ln (Super Computer) My tnh ln (MainFrame) My tnh c va (MiniComputer) My vi tnh (MicroComputer)

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.1.2 Mng my tnh: a. Mt s khi nim c s truyn thng: H thng truyn thng: h thng cho php to, truyn v nhn tin tc in t Cc phng thc truyn: Truyn d b, Truyn ng b, Chuyn mch tuyn, Chuyn mch bn tin, Chuyn mch gi, Truyn mt chiu, hai chiu lun phin, hai chiu ng thi

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

b. Cc loi mng: Mng LAN: mng cc b Mng WAN: mng din rng Mng INTERNET: mng ton cu

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

Mng LAN: Thnh phn mng LAN: My ch tp, My ch in n, My ch truyn thng, My trm, Dy cp, Cc giao din mng (NIC), H iu hnh mng (NOS) Cc cu hnh mng: Mng hnh sao, mng ng trc, mng vng, mng hn hp, mng xng sng

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

Mng WAN: Thnh phn mng WAN: My ch, My tin x l, Modem, Thit b u cui, B tp trung, Giao thc truyn thng, Phn mm mng

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

Mng INTERNET: Thnh phn mng INTERNET: Mng con, u cui, H thng trung gian, Cu ni, B dn ng, Giao thc INTERNET

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2 PHN MM TIN HC: 2.2.1 Khi nim phn mm: l cc chng trnh, cc cu trc d liu gip chng trnh x l c nhng thng tin thch hp v cc ti liu m t phng thc s dng cc chng trnh y. Phn mm lun c sa i b sung thng xuyn.

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.2 Phn loi phn mm: a. Phn mm h thng: qun l phn cng my tnh H iu hnh: qun l, iu hnh cc hot ng ca my tnh Phn mm tin ch: x l cc nhim v thng gp. Phn mm pht trin: Cc ngn ng lp trnh, cc cng c lp trnh, lp trnh hng i tng

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

Phn mm qun tr mng my tnh Phn mm qun tr c s d liu

b. Phn mm ng dng: qun l d liu

Phn mm ng dng a nng Phn mm ng dng chuyn bit

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

CPU B nh chnh B nh ph Ngoi vi

Phn cng

Phn mm h thng

Phn mm ng dng

Son tho Bng tnh Qun tr d n ng dng khc

Quan h gia phn mm h thng v phn mm ng dng

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.3 c tnh chung ca phn mm hin i: D s dng Chng sao chp Tng thch vi phn mm khc Tng thch vi nhiu thit b ngoi vi Tnh hin thi ca phn mm Gi c phn mm - Yu cu ca b nh Quyn s dng trn mng

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.4 Chun ho phn mm: Phn mm c thit k c kh nng t ci t v lm vic trn nhiu loi my tnh c cu hnh khc nhau V d: ci mt s ng dng thng dng Cc phn mm khc nhau c th lm vic c vi nhau

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.5 Xu th chung trong thit k phn mm: + Giao din ho + Ca s ho (Windows) + Lin kt d liu ni ny vi ni khc v t phn mm ny vi phn mm khc. + D s dng + Yu cu phn cng ngy cng cao v kh nng t ng ci t lm vic c vi nhiu loi cu hnh my tnh khc nhau.

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.6 Mt s ch khi mua sm phn mm: Xc nh r yu cu ng dng Chn phn mm * Xc nh ng hng sn xut phn mm v cng vic cn ti * Yu cu gi cc thng tin v phn mm * ngh gi phn mm gii thiu DEMO s dng th

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.2.6 Mt s ch khi mua sm phn mm: Dch v bo hnh: * Trung tm hun luyn * Nhn vin tr gip k thut * Trung tm dch v bo hnh, kho hng v linh kin thay th * Tnh hnh ti chnh ca ngi bn Chn phn cng: ph hp vi phn mm

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.3 TI NGUYN NHN LC: Khi nim: ti nguyn nhn lc l ch th xy dng, iu hnh v s dng h thng thng tin qun l Ti nguyn nhn lc xy dng v bo tr: phn tch vin, lp trnh vin, k s bo hnh Ti nguyn ngi s dng: cc nh qun l, k ton, nhn vin cc phng ban

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.4 C S D LIU TRONG H THNG THNG TIN: 2.4.1 Mt s khi nim: * Thc th, th hin * Trng d liu (thuc tnh) * Bn ghi * Bng * C s d liu

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.4.2 Cc hot ng chnh ca mt CSDL: Cp nht d liu: Nhp, xo, sa, ct v ni cc bn ghi, cc bng trong CSDL Truy vn d liu: Tnh ton, sp xp, kt sut, thng k, tng hp, phn tch Lp bo co t CSDL: bo co dng bng, biu, tng hp cc mc

CHNG II: C S CNG NGH THNG TIN CA H THNG THNG TIN

2.4.3 Cc loi m hnh d liu: M hnh phn cp: mi cha c N con, mi con ch c mt cha
K43 CQUI K44 K45 K44A K44B K44C K44D Anh 1 Anh 2 Anh 3

2.4.3 Cc loi m hnh d liu: M hnh mng li: mi cha c N con,

mi con M cha
Trn Anh Thi

Hi h
Mai Lan Anh

Ting Anh Ting Php Ting Trung

Nguyn Hng

M hnh quan h: Khi nim v kho: nhm cc thuc tnh c gi l kho nu n xc nh mt cch duy nht thc th trong bng d liu Ph thuc hm: ta ni thuc tnh B ph thuc hm vo thuc tnh A (A -> B) nu vi mi gi tr ca A tng ng vi mt gi tr duy nht ca B (tn ti mt nh x t tp hp cc gi tr ca A sang gi tr ca B) Cc mi quan h trong CSDL: Quan h 1 1 Quan h 1 n Quan h n - n

CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Phng php pht trin mt h thng thng tin 1. nh gi yu cu 2. Phn tch chi tit 3. Thit k logic 4. xut cc phng n ca gii php 5. Thit k vt l ngoi 6. Trin khai k thut h thng 7. Ci t v khai thc

CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V CI

T H THNG THNG TIN

3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD - Data Flow Diagram):

a. Mc tiu: dng m t h thng thng tin trn gc tru tng. Trn s gm cc lung d liu, cc x l, cc lu tr d liu, ngun, ch khng quan tm n v tr, thi im, i tng

3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD): b. Cc k php m t s :

Lung d liu: Tn lung d liu

Kho d liu: Tin trnh x l: Tc nhn:
Kho d liu Tn x l Tn tc nhn

c. Qui tc v s : Cc bc v s : V s ng cnh, ln lt phn r thnh cc s d liu mc nh, s d liu di mc nh theo cu trc s chc nng. V s ng cnh: th hin khi qut ni dung chnh ca h thng thng tin. d hiu c th b qua cc kho d liu, cc x l cp nht - Xc nh chc nng chnh ca h thng. - Xc nh cc tc nhn ngoi - M t cc lung d liu t vo ra h thng vi cc tc nhn

Gi s c s chc nng h thng nh mu sau.

HT

V d: S ng cnh
c xy dng nh sau: - Chc nng chnh l: HT - Cc tc nhn h thng: X, Y, Z - S c m t:

HT

3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD):

V s mc nh: - Tch chc nng chnh ca h thng thnh cc chc nng con mc 1. - Xc nh lung d liu gia cc chc nng b phn vi cc tc nhn ngoi. - Xc nh lung d liu ni b v kho. Ch : khi phn r phi bo ton cc lung d liu v cc tc nhn ngoi.

3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD): V s mc nh: phn r thnh cc chc nng A, B, C v thm kho d liu K.
X 1.A
2.B Y K 3.C HT

CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V CI T H THNG THNG TIN

V s di mc nh: - Phn r ring tng chc nng mc nh thnh cc s di mc nh. - Tch cc chc nng mc nh thnh cc chc nng con mc di. Lm tng t nh phn r chc nng mc nh. Ch : khi phn r phi bo ton cc lung d liu v cc tc nhn ngoi.

3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD): V s di mc nh: Phn r x l A thnh cc chc nng D, E v thm kho d liu K1.
X
1.1 D K1 1.2 E Chc nng A

3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD): V s di mc nh: tng t tin hnh phn r cc x l B, C thnh cc chc nng con v thm cc kho d liu. Ghp cc s di mc nh vo s mc nh ta c s lung d liu hon chnh.
Y 2.1 G

Chc nng B

Chc nng C

3.1 H

2.2 I K Z

3.2 K K Z

3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD):

1.1 D K1 X

1.2 E Y
2.1 G K

3.1 H

3.2 K
2.2 I Z

3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD): Mt s qui tc khi v s : - Tn cc x l l ng t. - Cc x l phi c m s. - X l buc phi thc hin bin i d liu. - Mi lung d liu phi c tn lung tr lung ni x l vi kho d liu. - D liu cha trn hai vt mang khc nhau nhng lun i cng nhau th to nn mt lung duy nht. - V li cc kho d liu cc lung khng ct khau.

3.2.6 S lung d liu (DFD): Mt s qui tc khi v phn r s : - Nn ti a 7 x l trn mt s DFD. - Mt x l m khi trnh by bng ngn ng cu trc chim mt trang th khng phn r tip. - Tt c cc x l trn mt s DFD phi cng mt mc phn r. - Lung vo ca mt x l mc cao phi l lung vo ca mt x l con mc thp no . Lung ra ti ch ca mt x l con phi l lung ra ti ch ca mt x l con mc ln hn.

CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V CI T H THNG THNG TIN

d. V d: v s lung d liu qun l nhp xut trong kho hng. S ng cnh:
Nhp hng

Khch hng

Xut hng

0.Qun l kho hng

CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V CI T H THNG THNG TIN

d. V d: S mc nh:
DM hng
Ho n nhp hng

Khch hng
Ho n xut hng

1.Nhp hng S kho hng

2.Xut hng

CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V CI T H THNG THNG TIN

. V d: S chc nng 2:
Ho n xut hng

Khch hng
Phiu nhn hng

2.1 Kim tra Hng ti kho H c chp nhn

2.2 Xut hng

S kho hng

CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V CI T H THNG THNG TIN

d. V d: S chc nng 2:
HD nhp hng 1.1 Kim tra hng nhp

DM hng

Khch hng
Phiu nhp 1.2 Nhp hng hng vo kho

H nhp hng

S kho hng

d. V d: S tng hp
1.1 Kim tra hng nhp H nhp hng Phiu nhp hng H nhp hng 1.2 Nhp hng vo kho S kho hng 2.1 Kim tra kho hng H c chp nhn 2.2 Xut hng DM hng

Khch hng

H xut hng
Phiu nhn hng

CHNG III: PHN TCH, THIT K V CI T H THNG THNG TIN

Bi tp: M t s chc nng ca h thng chm, qun l im. M t s lung d liu ca h thng chm, qun l im.

M t s lung d liu

SV

0. QL im

P o to

Bi thi SV

1. Chm Bng im thi

P o to

B.im TB 2. X l im

Bng im

M t s lung d liu
Bi thi SV

1.1 Chm thi

VP Khoa Bng im

Bi thi chm 1.2 Vo im

P o to

2.1 Vo im MT
SV Bng im

Bng im

P o to

Bim BQ 2.2 Tnh im

Bng im

M t s lung d liu tng hp

1.1 Chm thi VP Khoa

Bi thi

Bi thi 1.2 Vo im Bng im

SV Bim BQ 2.1 Vo im MT Bi thi

P o to

Bng im
2.2 Tnh im Bng im

CHNG IV: CC H THNG THNG TIN PHC V QUN L DOANH NGHIP

4.5.3 Phn mm h thng thng tin qun tr nhn lc: Phn mm chuyn dng:
Phn mm h thng thng tin nhn lc thng minh Phn mm chc nng hu hn