Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thiet Ke Cai Dat Mang
Thiet Ke Cai Dat Mang
Chng 1
i Hc Cn Th Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin Gio Trnh Thit K & Ci t Mng V1.0
i Hc Cn Th Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin Gio Trnh Thit K & Ci t Mng V1.0
a hoc yu cu khch hng cung cp cho chng ta s thit k ca cng trnh kin trc
m mng i qua.
Trong qu trnh phng vn v kho st thc a, ng thi ta cng cn tm hiu yu
cu trao i thng tin gia cc phng ban, b phn trong c quan khch hng, mc
thng xuyn v lng thng tin trao i. iu ny gip ch ta trong vic chn bng thng
cn thit cho cc nhnh mng sau ny.
i Hc Cn Th Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin Gio Trnh Thit K & Ci t Mng V1.0
Nu hai mng trn cn c dch v mail hoc kch thc mng c m rng,
s lng my tnh trong mng ln th cn lu thm v giao thc s dng
cho mng phi l TCP/IP.
Mi m hnh mng c yu cu thit t cu hnh ring. Nhng vn chung nht
khi thit t cu hnh cho m hnh mng l:
nh v cc thnh phn nhn dng mng, bao gm vic t tn cho Domain,
Workgroup, my tnh, nh a ch IP cho cc my, nh cng cho tng dch v.
Phn chia mng con, thc hin vch ng i cho thng tin trn mng.
1.1.3.2 Xy dng chin lc khai thc v qun l ti nguyn mng
Chin lc ny nhm xc nh ai c quyn lm g trn h thng mng. Thng
thng, ngi dng trong mng c nhm li thnh tng nhm v vic phn quyn c
thc hin trn cc nhm ngi dng.
1.1.3.3 Thit k s mng vt l
Cn c vo s thit k mng mc lun l, kt hp vi kt qu kho st thc a
bc k tip ta tin hnh thit k mng mc vt l. S mng mc vt l m t chi
tit v v tr i dy mng thc a, v tr ca cc thit b ni kt mng nh Hub, Switch,
Router, v tr cc my ch v cc my trm. T a ra c mt bng d tr cc thit b
mng cn mua. Trong mi thit b cn nu r: Tn thit b, thng s k thut, n v
tnh, n gi,
1.1.3.4 Chn h iu hnh mng v cc phn mm ng dng
Mt m hnh mng c th c ci t di nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau. Chng
hn vi m hnh Domain, ta c nhiu la chn nh: Windows NT, Windows 2000,
Netware, Unix, Linux,... Tng t, cc giao thc thng dng nh TCP/IP, NETBEUI,
IPX/SPX cng c h tr trong hu ht cc h iu hnh. Chnh v th ta c mt phm vi
chn la rt ln. Quyt nh chn la h iu hnh mng thng thng da vo cc yu t
nh:
Gi thnh phn mm ca gii php.
S quen thuc ca khch hng i vi phn mm.
S quen thuc ca ngi xy dng mng i vi phn mm.
H iu hnh l nn tng cho cc phn mm sau vn hnh trn n. Gi thnh
phn mm ca gii php khng phi ch c gi thnh ca h iu hnh c chn m n
cn bao gm c gi thnh ca cc phm mm ng dng chy trn n. Hin nay c 2 xu
hng chn la h iu hnh mng: cc h iu hnh mng ca Microsoft Windows hoc
cc phin bn ca Linux.
Sau khi chn h iu hnh mng, bc k tip l tin hnh chn cc phn mm
ng dng cho tng dch v. Cc phn mm ny phi tng thch vi h iu hnh
chn.
1.1.4 Ci t mng
Khi bn thit k c thm nh, bc k tip l tin hnh lp t phn cng v
ci t phn mm mng theo thit k.
i Hc Cn Th Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin Gio Trnh Thit K & Ci t Mng V1.0
1.1.6 Bo tr h thng
Mng sau khi ci t xong cn c bo tr mt khong thi gian nht nh
khc phc nhng vn pht sinh xy trong tin trnh thit k v ci t mng.
i Hc Cn Th Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin Gio Trnh Thit K & Ci t Mng V1.0
nn d dng hn. M hnh OSI gip ng nht cc h thng my tnh khc bit nhau khi
chng trao i thng tin. M hnh ny gm c 7 tng:
Tng 1: Tng vt k (Physical Layer)
iu khin vic truyn ti tht s cc bit trn ng truyn vt l. N nh
ngha cc thuc tnh v c, in, qui nh cc loi u ni, ngha cc pin trong u
ni, qui nh cc mc in th cho cc bit 0,1,.
Tng 2: Tng lin kt d liu (Data-Link Layer)
Tng ny m bo truyn ti cc khung d liu (Frame) gia hai my tnh c
ng truyn vt l ni trc tip vi nhau. N ci t c ch pht hin v x l li
d liu nhn.
Tng 3: Tng mng (Network Layer)
Tng ny m bo cc gi tin d liu (Packet) c th truyn t my tnh ny
n my tnh kia cho d khng c ng truyn vt l trc tip gia chng. N
nhn nhim v tm ng i cho d liu n cc ch khc nhau trong mng.
Tng 4: Tng vn chuyn (Transport Layer)
Tng ny m bo truyn ti d liu gia cc qu trnh. D liu gi i c
m bo khng c li, theo ng trnh t, khng b mt mt, trng lp. i vi cc
gi tin c kch thc ln, tng ny s phn chia chng thnh cc phn nh trc khi
gi i, cng nh tp hp li chng khi nhn c.
Tng 5: Tng giao dch (Session Layer)
Tng ny cho php cc ng dng thit lp, s dng v xa cc knh giao tip
gia chng (c gi l giao dch). N cung cp c ch cho vic nhn bit tn v
cc chc nng v bo mt thng tin khi truyn qua mng.
Tng 6: Tng trnh by (Presentation Layer)
Tng ny m bo cc my tnh c kiu nh dng d liu khc nhau vn c
th trao i thng tin cho nhau. Thng thng cc my tnh s thng nht vi nhau
v mt kiu nh dng d liu trung gian trao i thng tin gia cc my tnh.
Mt d liu cn gi i s c tng trnh by chuyn sang nh dng trung gian
trc khi n c truyn ln mng. Ngc li, khi nhn d liu t mng, tng trnh
by s chuyn d liu sang nh dng ring ca n.
Tng 7: Tng ng dng (Application Layer)
y l tng trn cng, cung cp cc ng dng truy xut n cc dch v
mng. N bao gm cc ng dng ca ngi dng, v d nh cc Web Browser
(Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer), cc Mail User Agent (Outlook Express,
Netscape Messenger, ...) hay cc chng trnh lm server cung cp cc dch v
mng nh cc Web Server (Netscape Enterprise, Internet Information Service,
Apache, ...), Cc FTP Server, cc Mail server (Send mail, MDeamon). Ngi dng
mng giao tip trc tip vi tng ny.
V nguyn tc, tng n ca mt h thng ch giao tip, trao i thng tin vi tng n
ca h thng khc. Mi tng s c cc n v truyn d liu ring:
Tng vt l: bit
i Hc Cn Th Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin Gio Trnh Thit K & Ci t Mng V1.0
Trong thc t, d liu c gi i t tng trn xung tng di cho n tng thp
nht ca my tnh gi. , d liu s c truyn i trn ng truyn vt l. Mi khi
d liu c truyn xung tng pha di th n b "gi" li trong n v d liu ca tng
di. Ti bn nhn, d liu s c truyn ngc ln cc tng cao dn. Mi ln qua mt
tng, n v d liu tng ng s c tho ra.
n v d liu ca mi tng s c
mt tiu (header) ring.
OSI ch l m hnh tham kho, mi
nh sn xut khi pht minh ra h thng
mng ca mnh s thc hin cc chc nng
tng tng theo nhng cch thc ring.
Cc cch thc ny thng c m t di
dng cc chun mng hay cc giao thc
mng. Nh vy dn n trng hp cng
mt chc nng nhng hai h thng mng
khc nhau s khng tng tc c vi
nhau. Hnh di s so snh kin trc ca
cc h iu hnh mng thng dng vi m
hnh OSI.
i Hc Cn Th Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin Gio Trnh Thit K & Ci t Mng V1.0
iu hnh khc nhau i hi phi giao tip c vi nhau, tc phi s dng chung mt
giao thc. chnh l b giao thc TCP/IP, giao thc ca mng Internet.
i Hc Cn Th Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin Gio Trnh Thit K & Ci t Mng V1.0
Chng 2
Cc chun mng cc b
Mc ch
Chng ny nhm gii thiu cho ngi c nhng vn sau :
c im ca mng cc b
Cc s ni kt mng LAN
Token Ring
i Hc Cn Th Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin Gio Trnh Thit K & Ci t Mng V1.0
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Bus topology
Star topology
Ring topology
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D hiu, d ci t, qun tr v bo tr
Cho php chi ph xy dng mng thp
Cung cp nhiu s ni kt mm do trong ci t
m bo thnh cng vic lin ni kt mng v vn hnh ca mng cho d cc
thit b c cung cp bi nhiu nh sn xut khc nhau.
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CAT 6:1000Mbps
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Chng 3
C s v cu ni
Mc ch
Chng ny nhm gii thiu cho ngi c nhng vn sau:
Cc vn v bng thng gp phi khi thc hin m rng mng bng cc
thit b nh Repeater v HUB,
Gii php khc phc vi cu ni (Bridge)
Gii thiu cu ni trong sut v Gii thut Backward Learning
Vn vng qun v gii thut Spanning tree
Cu ni xc nh ng i t ngun
Cu ni trn ln
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Mc ch
Thit b s dng
Tng vt l
Tng mng
Cc tng cn li
Ni kt cc ng dng li vi nhau
Gateway
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i Hc Cn Th Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin Gio Trnh Thit K & Ci t Mng V1.0
00-2C-A3-4F-EE-07
00-2C-A3-5D-5C-2F
...
Hnh 3.3 Bng a ch cc b ca cu ni
Cu ni s dng bng a ch cc b ny lm c s cho vic chuyn tip khung. Khi
khung n mt cng ca cu ni, cu ni s c 6 bytes u tin ca khung xc nh a
ch my nhn khung. N s tm a ch ny trong bng a ch cc b v s ng x theo
mt trong cc trng hp sau:
Nu my nhn nm cng mt cng vi cng nhn khung, cu ni s b qua
khung v bit rng my nhn nhn c khung.
Nu my nhn nm trn mt cng khc vi cng nhn khung, cu ni s
chuyn khung sang cng c my nhn.
Nu khng tm thy a ch my nhn trong bng a ch, cu ni s gi khung
n tt c cc cng cn li ca n, tr cng nhn khung.
Trong mi trng hp, cu ni u cp nht v tr ca my gi khung vo trong
bng a ch cc b.
Cu ni trong sut thnh cng trong vic phn chia mng thnh nhng vng ng
ring ri. c bit khi qu trnh gi d liu din ra gia hai my tnh nm v cng mt
hng cng ca cu ni, cu ni s lc khng cho lung giao thng ny nh hng n
cc nhnh mng trn cc cng cn li. Nh iu ny cu ni trong sut cho php ci thin
c bng thng trong lin mng.
3.2.1.3 Vn vng qun - Gii thut Spanning Tree
Cu ni trong sut s hot ng sai nu nh trong hnh trng mng xut hin cc
vng. Xt v d nh hnh di y:
Gi s M gi khung F cho N, c hai cu ni B1 v B2 cha c thng tin g v a
ch ca N. Khi nhn c khung F, c B1 v B2 u chuyn F sang LAN 2, nh vy trn
LAN 2 xut hin 2 khung F1 v F2 l phin bn ca F c sao li bi B1 v B2. Sau
F1 n B2 v F2 n B1. Tip tc B1 v B2 li ln lt chuyn F2 v F1 sang LAN1, qu
trnh ny s khng dng, dn n hin tng rc trn mng. Ngi ta gi hin tng ny l
vng qun trn mng.
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3.2.2 Cu ni xc nh ng i t ngun
3.2.2.1 Gii thiu
Cu ni xc nh ng i t ngun (SRB-Source Route Bridge) c pht trin
bi IBM v c trnh ln y ban IEEE 802.5 nh l mt gii php ni cc mng
Token li vi nhau.
Cu ni SRB c gi tn nh th bi v chng qui nh rng : ng i y t
my tnh gi n my nhn phi c a vo bn trong ca khung d liu gi i bi my
gi (Source). Cc cu ni SRB ch c nhim v lu v chuyn cc khung nh c ch
dn bi ng i c lu trong trong khung.
3.2.2.2 Nguyn l hot ng
Xt mt lin mng gm 4 mng Token Ring c ni li vi nhau bng 4 cu ni
SRB nh hnh di y:
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Chng 4
C s v b chuyn mch
Mc ch
Chng ny nhm gii thiu cho ngi c nhng vn sau :
Chc nng ca b hon chuyn (Switch) trong vic m rng bng thng
mng cc b
Kin trc b hon chuyn
Cc gii thut hon chuyn:
Store and forward
Cut-through
Adaptive
Phn loi b hon chuyn:
Workgroup, Segment, Backbone
Symetric / Asymetric
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Cng
Gin hon
chuyn
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4.3.1 Gii thut hon chuyn lu v chuyn tip (Store and Forward
Switching)
Khi khung n mt cng ca switch, ton b khung s c c vo trong b nh
m v c kim tra li. Khung s b b i nu nh c li. Nu khung khng li, switch
s xc nh a ch my nhn khung v d tm trong bng a ch xc nh cng hng
n my nhn. K tip s chuyn tip khung ra cng tng ng. Gii thut ny c thi
gian tr hon ln do phi thc hin thao tc kim tra khung. Tuy nhin n cho php giao
tip gia hai knh truyn khc tc .
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ch cho tt c cc my tnh trong ton lin mng cng nh hon chuyn kp thi d liu
gia cc nhnh.
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Chng 5
C s v b chn ng
Mc ch
Chng ny nhm gii thiu cho ngi c nhng vn sau :
Cc vn lin quan n vic xy dng mng din rng
Vai tr ca b chn ng (Router) trong mng din rng
Nguyn tc hot ng ca b chn ng
Cc vn lin quan n vic thit k gii thut chn ng
Cch thc thit lp mng IP
Cc giao thc chn ng ph bin: RIP, OSPF, BGP
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5.1 M t
Bridge v switch l cc thit b ni mng tng hai. Switch cho php lin kt nhiu
mng cc b li vi nhau thnh mt lin mng vi bng thng v hiu sut mng c ci
thin rt tt. Nhim v ca switch l chuyn tip cc khung t nhnh mng ny sang
nhnh mng khc mt cch c chn lc da vo a ch MAC ca cc my tnh. lm
c iu ny, switch cn phi duy tr trong b nh ca mnh mt bng a ch cc b
cha v tr ca tt c cc my tnh trong mng. Mi my tnh s chim mt mc t trong
bng a ch. Mi switch c thit k vi mt dung lng b nh gii hn. V nh th,
n xc nh kh nng phc v ti a ca mt switch. Chng ta khng th dng switch
ni qu nhiu mng li vi nhau. Hn na, cc lin mng hnh thnh bng cch s dng
switch cng ch l cc mng cc b, c phm vi nh. Mun hnh thnh cc mng din rng
ta cn s dng thit b lin mng tng 3. chnh l b chn ng (Router).
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R1 - Routing Table
Destination
Next Hop
Local
Local
Local
R2
R2
R3
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R2
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5.4.3 Mc ch thit k
Chc nng chnh ca gii thut chn ng l tm ra c ng i n nhng
im khc nhau trn mng. Tuy nhin, ty vo mc tiu khi thit k gii thut chn ng
s dn n cht lng v ng i s khc nhau. Cc gii thut chn ng c th c
thit k cho cc mc tiu sau:
Ti u (optimality): ng i do gii thut tm c phi l ng i ti u
trong s cc ng i n mt ch n no
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5.4.4.4 Gii thut chn ng theo kiu trng thi ni kt (Link State Routing)
v Gii thut chn ng theo kiu vector khong cch (Distance vector)
Trong gii thut vch ng theo kiu trng thi ni kt
o Mi router s gi thng tin v trng thi ni kt ca mnh (cc mng ni
kt trc tip v cc router lng ging) cho tt c cc router trn ton
mng. Cc router s thu thp thng tin v trng thi ni kt ca cc
router khc, t xy dng li hnh trng mng, chy cc gii thut tm
ng i ngn nht trn hnh trng mng c c. T xy dng bng
chn ng cho mnh.
Bin son : Th.s Ng B Hng 2005
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Mng a ch mng
Mt n mng
Net1
192.168.1.0
255.255.255.0
Net2
192.168.2.0
255.255.255.0
Net3
192.168.3.0
255.255.255.0
Net4
192.168.4.0
255.255.255.0
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5.5.2 ng i ca gi tin
hiu r c ch hot ng ca giao thc IP, ta hy xt hai trng hp gi gi tin:
Trng hp my tnh gi v nhn nm trong cng mt mng v trng hp my tnh gi
v my tnh nhn nm trn hai mng khc nhau.
Gi s my tnh c a ch 192.168.3.3 gi mt gi tin cho my tnh 192.168.3.2.
Tng hai ca my gi s t gi tin vo mt khung vi a ch nhn l a ch vt l ca
my 192.168.3.2 v gi khung ln ng truyn NET3, trn my tnh 192.168.3.2 s
nhn c gi tin.
By gi ta xt trng hp my tnh c a ch 192.168.3.3 trn mng NET3 gi gi
tin cho my tnh c a ch 192.168.1.2 trn mng Net1. Theo nh bng chn ng ca
my gi, cc gi tin c a ch nm ngoi mng 192.168.3.0 s c chuyn n router R3
(a ch 192.168.3.1). Chnh v th, my tnh gi s t gi tin vo mt khung vi a ch
Bin son : Th.s Ng B Hng 2005
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Tng qut
Ethernet
Header
ARP
request/reply
Cc trng
Kch thc
(byte)
Cc gi tr
Ethernet Destination
Address
Ethernet Source
Address
a ch ca my gi thng ip
Frame Type
Hardware Type
Protocol Type
C gi tr l 0x0800 cho a ch IP
Hardware Address
Size in bytes
Chiu di ca a ch vt l, c gi tr l
6 cho mng Ethernet
Protocol Address
Size in bytes
Operation
L 1 nu l khung yu cu, l 2 nu l
khung tr li
Sender Ethernet
Address
Sender IP Address
Destination Ethernet
Address
Destination
Address
a ch IP my cn tm a ch MAC
IP
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Trong :
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MetricGi ca ng i
UnusedC gi tr l 0.
IP addressa ch IP ca ch n.
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OSPF l mt giao thc vch ng thuc loi Trng thi ni kt, trong mi
router s phi gi cc thng tin qung co v trng thi LSA (Link-State Advertisements)
ni kt ca mnh cho cc router cn li trong cng mt khu vc (area) ca mt mng c
cu trc th bc. Thng tin v cc giao din c gn vo, cc thc o c s dng v
cc thng s khc c a vo trong cc LSA . Mi router s thu thp thng tin v trng
thi ni kt ca cc router khc, t xy dng li hnh trng ca mng, v s dng gii
thut Dijkstra tm ng i ngn n cc nt cn li.
5.5.7.2 Vch ng phn cp (Routing Hierarchy).
Khng ging nh RIP, OSPF c th vn hnh vi mt cu trc phn cp. Thc th
ln nht ca cu trc ny l h thng t tr (AS - Autonomous System), l mt tp hp
cc mng di mt s qun l chung v cng chia s mt chin lc vch ng chung.
OSPF l mt giao thc vch ng bn trong min (Intra Autonomous System hay Interior
gateway protocol) mc d n c kh nng kh nng nhn/gi cc ng i t/n cc AS
khc.
Mt AS c th c phn chia thnh mt s cc khu vc (Area), l mt nhm
cc mng k cn nhau (lng ging) cng cc my tnh trn cc mng . Cc router vi
nhiu giao din c th tham gia vo nhiu khu vc. Nhng router ny c gi l B chn
ng ng bin khu vc (Area Border Router), c nhim v duy tr c s d liu v
hnh trng mng ring ri cho tng khu vc.
Mt c s d liu hnh trng mng l mt bc tranh tng th v mng trong mi
quan h vi cc router. Mt c s d liu hnh trng mng lu gi mt tp hp cc LSA
nhn c t cc router trong cng khu vc. Bi v cc router trong cng mt khu vc
chia s thng tin cho nhau nn chng c c s d liu hnh trng mng v khu vc m
chng ang thuc v hon ton ging nhau .
Lu : Khi nim min (domain) i khi c s dng m t mt phn ca
mng m trong tt c cc router c cng c s d liu hnh trng mng hon ton ging
nhau. Tuy nhin thng thng Domain c dng nh l mt AS.
Hnh trng ca mt khu vc th khng thy c i vi cc thc th bn ngoi khu
vc. Bng cch gi hnh trng mng phn tch gia cc khu vc, OSPF to ra t giao thng
trn mng hn so vi trng hp AS khng c phn chia khu vc.
Vic phn chia khu vc to ra hai kiu vch ng khc nhau ty thuc vo a ch
my gi v my nhn nm cng khu vc hay khc khu vc. Vch ng bn trong khu
vc (Intra-Area) s c dng n khi a ch nhn v a ch gi nm trong cng mt khu
vc v Vch ng lin khu vc s c s dng n khi chng nm nhng khu vc
khc nhau.
ng trc ca OSPF th m trch vic phn pht thng tin vch ng gia cc
khu vc. ng trc ny bao gm tt c cc B chn ng ng bin khu vc, cc
mng khng thuc vo cc khu vc khc v cc router gn vo chng.
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Multi-exit discriminator
Origin
AS_path
Next hop
Community
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Hnh di y minh ha cho thuc tnh cng ng Internet. Khi s khng c gii
hn v cc router s nhn c thng tin qung b ny t AS 1.
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c qun tr tp trung (bng mt phn mm qun tr mng) v d dng trin khai trn
mng.
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ngi dng v ghi nhn c nhng s thm nhp khng mong mun cho nh qun tr
mng.
Ci t c ch phn on mng l xu hng hin nay. Cc cng ca switch c
nhm li da vo kiu ca ng dng v quyn truy cp thng tin. Cc ng dng v cc ti
nguyn c bo v thng c t trong mt VLAN an ton. Cc tnh nng an ton cao
hn c th c a vo bng cch s dng danh sch iu khin truy cp (Access Control
List) hn ch vic truy cp vo nhm mng ny da vo vic cu hnh trn cc switch
v router. Cc hn ch ny c th c thc hin da trn a ch ca cc my trm, kiu
ng dng hay kiu ca giao thc.
6.6 Vt qua cc ro cn vt l
VLAN cung cp mt c ch mm do trong vic t chc li cng nh thc hin
vic phn on mng. VLAN cho php bn nhm cc cng ca switch v ngi s dng
vo nhng cng ng c cng mt mi quan tm.
Vic nhm cc cng v ngi dng vo nhng cng ng cng mt mi quan tm,
c bit n nh vic t chc cc VLAN, c th c thit lp vi mt switch hoc trn
nhiu switch c ni li vi nhau trong mt c quan x nghip. Bng vic nhm cc cng
v ngi s dng thuc cc switch khc nhau, mt VLAN c th tri rng trn mt ta nh
hay nhiu ta nh.
Thm vo , vai tr ca router m ra bn cnh vai tr truyn thng ca mt bc
tng la (firewall) v xa cc thng tin qung b da trn chnh sch, qun l qung b
v thc hin chn ng v phn phi. Cc router duy tr hot ng cho cc kin trc
switch c cu hnh VLAN bi v chng cung cp c ch giao tip gia cc nhm mng
c nh ngha. Giao tip tng 3 c ci vo trong switch hoc cung cp bn ngoi l
mt b phn tch hp trong ca bt k mt kin trc switch hiu sut cao no.
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access-list- number
{permit|deny}
{test conditions}
access-group
access-list-number
Vi:
Protocol: l giao thc p dng danh sch truy cp
Access-group: l t kha
Access-list-number: S hiu nhn dng ca danh sch truy cp c nh
ngha trc
Tt c cc lnh ca danh sch truy cp c nhn dng bi mt con s tng ng
vi mt hoc nhiu giao din. Bt k cc gi tin m chng vt qua c cc iu kin
kim tra trong danh sch truy cp c th c gn php s dng bt k mt giao din trong
nhm giao din c php.
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o Kim tra s hiu cng ca cc giao thc TCP hoc UDP bng cc iu kin
trong cc danh sch truy cp m rng. Cc danh sch ny cng c nhn
dng bng cc con s c gi tr t 100 n 199.
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128 64
32 16
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ngha ca cc tham s:
o access-list-No: L s nhn dng ca danh sch truy cp, c gi tr t 1 n 99
o permit | deny: Ty chn cho php hay khng cho php i vi giao thng
ca khi a ch c m t pha sau.
o source: L mt a ch IP
o source-mask: L mt n k t i din p dng ln khi a ch source
7.4.3.2 Lnh ip access-group
Lnh ny dng lin kt mt danh sch truy cp tn ti vo mt giao din. C
php nh sau:
ip access-group access-list-No {in/out}
o access-list-no: s nhn dng ca danh sch truy cp c ni kt vo giao
din
o in/out: xc nh chiu giao thng mun p dng v vo hay ra.
7.4.3.3 Mt s v d
7.4.3.4 To danh sch truy cp chun
7.4.3.4.1 V d 1
Danh sch truy cp trn ch cho php cc giao thng t mng ngun 172.16.0.0
c chuyn tip i qua router. Cc giao thng trn cc mng khc u b kha.
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7.4.3.4.2 V d 2
Danh sch truy cp ny c thit k kha lung giao thng t mng con
172.16.4.0 v cho php cc lung giao thng khc c chuyn tip.
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rng thng s dng cc s nhn dng t 100 n 199. Phn k tip s m t cc lnh ca
danh sch truy cp m rng thng c h tr trong bi cc router .
7.4.4.1 Lnh access-list
Lnh ny c s dng to mt mc t din gii mt iu kin lc phc tp.
C php nh sau:
access-list
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Danh sch iu khin truy cp ny c thit k cho php lung giao thng t
mng con 172.16.4.0 c chuyn n bt k mt mng hoc mng con khc thng qua
giao din E0.
V d 2:
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Chng 8
Vn qun tr mng
Mc ch
Chng ny nhm gii thiu cho ngi c nhng vn sau :
Cc vn ca qun tr mng: Qun l hiu sut, cu hnh, ti khon, qun
l li, an ninh
M hnh ca mt h thng qun tr mng
Giao thc qun tr mng
Giao thc qun tr mng SNMP
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Hin nay c nhiu h thng qun tr mng khc nhau, tuy nhin hu ht chng u
c kin trc chung ging nh hnh di y:
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S mng hnh sao s dng cp xon i CAT 5 thng c dng hin nay. i
vi cc mng nh, ch cn mt im tp trung ni kt cho tt c cc my tnh vi iu kin
rng khong cch t my tnh n im tp trung ni kt l khng qu 100 mt.
Thng thng, trong mt ta nh ngi ta chn ra mt phng c bit lp t
cc thit b mng nh Hub, switch, router hay cc bng cm dy (patch panels). Ngi ta
gi phng ny l i Ni phn phi chnh MDF (Main distribution facility).
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9.2.4 Xc nh v tr t Server
Cc server c chia thnh 2 loi: Server cho ton cng ty (Enterprise Server) v
server cho nhm lm vic (Workgroup server).
Enterprise server phc v cho tt c ngi s dng trong cng ty, v d nh Mail
server, DNS server. Chng thng c t ti MDF.
Workgroup server th ch phc v cho mt s ngi dng v thng c t ti
IDF ni gn nhm ngi s dng server ny nht.
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Mc lc
MC LC
TNG QUAN V THIT K VA CAI DT MNG ....................................................................................... 1
MC DICH ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 TIN TRINH XAY DNG MNG ................................................................................................................... 2
1.1.1 Thu thp yu cu ca khch hng.................................................................................................. 2
1.1.2 Phn tch yu cu........................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.3 Thit k gii php........................................................................................................................... 3
1.1.3.1 Thit k s mng mc lun l .........................................................................................................3
1.1.3.2 Xy dng chin lc khai thc v qun l ti nguyn mng ...................................................................4
1.1.3.3 Thit k s mng vt l ...................................................................................................................4
1.1.3.4 Chn h iu hnh mng v cc phn mm ng dng.............................................................................4
1.1.4 Ci t mng.................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1.4.1 Lp t phn cng ...................................................................................................................................5
1.1.4.2 Ci t v cu hnh phn mm ................................................................................................................5
C S V CU NI ....................................................................................................................................... 23
MC DICH .................................................................................................................................................... 23
3.1 GII THIU V LIEN MNG ....................................................................................................................... 24
3.2 GII THIU V CU NI ............................................................................................................................ 25
3.2.1 Cu ni trong sut ....................................................................................................................... 25
3.2.1.1 Gii thiu...............................................................................................................................................25
3.2.1.2 Nguyn l hot ng .............................................................................................................................25
3.2.1.3 Vn vng qun - Gii thut Spanning Tree.......................................................................................26
3.2.2 Cu ni xc nh ng i t ngun............................................................................................ 28
3.2.2.1 Gii thiu...............................................................................................................................................28
3.2.2.2 Nguyn l hot ng .............................................................................................................................28
3.2.2.3 Cu trc khung ......................................................................................................................................29
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104
Mc lc
MC DICH .................................................................................................................................................... 73
7.1 GII THIU ............................................................................................................................................. 74
7.2 NH NGHIA DANH SACH TRUY CP ....................................................................................................... 75
7.3 NGUYEN TC HOT DNG CA DANH SACH TRUY CP ............................................................................. 75
7.3.1 Tng quan v cc lnh trong Danh sch truy cp........................................................................ 77
7.4 DANH SCH TRUY CP TRONG CHUN MNG TCP/IP.............................................................................. 78
7.4.1 Kim tra cc gi tin vi danh sch truy cp ................................................................................ 78
7.4.2 S dng cc bit trong mt n k t i din ................................................................................ 79
7.4.3 Cu hnh danh sch truy cp chun cho giao thc IP ................................................................. 80
U
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