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d o t h e y a r is e ?

W h a t t o d o w h e n n e w v e r s io n s o f b a s ic t e s t s ta n d a r d s a r e is s u e d W h a t k in d o f e q u ip m e n t is c o v e r e d ? W h a t a r e d . c . v o lt a g e d ip s , s h o r t in t e r r u p tio n s a n d v a r ia t io n s , a n d h o w F u ll c o m p lia n c e im m u n it y t e s tin g u s in g E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 :2 0 0 0 I n tr o d u c t io n T h e t e s t w a v e f o r m s a n d th e ir le v e ls T h e te s t g e n e ra to r V e r if y in g t h e te s t s ig n a l g e n e r a to r T h e te s t s e t-u p M o n it o r in g t h e E U T f o r p e r f o r m a n c e d e g r a d a t io n d u r in g t h e te s ts T e s t c o n d it io n s , te s t p la n a n d t e s t e x e c u tio n T h e te s t p ro c e d u re E v a lu a tio n o f t h e t e s t r e s u lt s T e s t re p o rt O n - s ite t e s t in g P r e v e n tin g th e te s ts fr o m c a u s in g ( o r s u ffe r in g ) in te r fe r e n c e 'T e s t A s R e a l L if e ' ( T A R L ) f o r lo w w a r r a n t y c o s t s , o t h e r f in a n c ia l b e n e f it s a n d s a f e t y C o m p a r in g r e a l- lif e d .c . s u p p ly n e tw o r k p o w e r q u a lit y is s u e s w ith t h e E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 t e s t s S o m e T A R L d . c . s u p p ly n e t w o r k p o w e r q u a lit y is s u e s R e p e a t a b ilit y a n d T A R L is s u e s c o n c e r n in g t h e t e s t g e n e r a t o r 's im p e d a n c e R e p e a t a b ilit y a n d T A R L is s u e s c o n c e r n in g t h e p e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t s p e c ific a tio n R e p e a t a b ilit y a n d T A R L is s u e s c o n c e r n in g t e s t g e n e r a t o r s w it c h in g tim e S im u lt a n e o u s E M d is tu r b a n c e s

8 9 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 3 1 6 1 7 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 5 2 6 2 6 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 8 3 9

E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 e le c t r ic a l o r e le s u p p lie d f r o m a s u p p ly n e tw o r k in te r r u p tio n s a n s u p p ly .

c o n c e rn s c tr o n ic e q lo w v o lta , to v o lt a g d v a r ia t io

th u ip g e e d n s

e im m u n it y o f m e n t , t h a t is d .c . p o w e r ip s , s h o r t in its p o w e r p te d a s rd E N rd s a re te s t

o f c o u r s e th is b a s ic s ta n d a r d w h e n s p e c ify in g t h e p e r fo r m a e q u ip m e n t f o r s u p p lie r s , o r f o m a n u f a c t u r e r s w h o w a n t to im e q u ip m e n t 's r e a l- lif e r e lia b ilit y r

c a n b e u s e fu l n c e o f p r o v e t h e ir ( s e e la t e r ) .

T h e p r o b le m s t h a t c a n b e c a u s e d b y d . c . v o lt a g e d ip s , s h o r t in t e r r u p tio n s a n d v a r ia t io n s

IE C 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 [1 ] h a s b e t h e h a r m o n is e d E u r o p e a n 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 [2 ]. T h e s e tw o a v a ila b le t o b e c a lle d u p a m e th o d s b y p ro d u c t a n d g s t a n d a r d s lis t e d u n d e r th e E le c t r o m a g n e t ic C o m p a t ib D ir e c t iv e , 8 9 / 3 3 6 / E E C [ 3 ]. T h e E N v e r s io n o f t e c h n ic a lly id e n t ic a s o th is b o o k le t is o s t a n d a r d is r e q u ir e t e s ts o u ts id e t h e E c o n tr a c t r e q u ir e m e s t a n d a r d s , th is b o o in s u c h s it u a t io n s .

e n a d o s ta n d a s ta n d a s b a s ic e n e r ic

ility ( E M C )

6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 is l to th e IE C d o c u f u s e w h e r e e it h e d . S in c e m a n y n a U , o r p u r c h a s in g n ts a re b a s e d o n k le t m a y a ls o b e

m e n t, r tio n a l IE C o f u s e

W h e n u s in g t h e T e c h n ic a l C o n s t r u c t io n F ile ( T C F ) r o u t e t o c o n f o r m it y w it h t h e E M C D ir e c t iv e ( A r t ic le 1 0 . 2 in [ 3 ]) it is p o s s ib le to u s e E N o r IE C 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 d ir e c t ly , in w h ic h c a s e it s h o u ld b e lis t e d o n t h e e q u ip m e n t 's E M C D e c la r a t io n o f C o n fo r m ity . In s u c h c a s e s th e e q u ip m e n t m a n u f a c t u r e r s h o u ld a s s e s s t h e e le c t r o m a g n e tic ( E M ) e n v ir o n m e n t o f t h e e q u ip m e n t [ 4 ] a n d e n s u r e t h a t it is d e s ig n e d a n d / o r t e s t e d a c c o r d in g ly , s o a s t o c o m p ly w it h t h e E M C D ir e c t iv e 's P r o t e c t io n R e q u ir e m e n t s ( A r t ic le 4 o f [ 3 ]) . C o m p lia n c e w it h t h e E M C D ir e c t iv e 's P r o t e c t io n R e q u ir e m e n t s a p p lie s in a d d it io n t o t h e r e q u ir e m e n t to f o llo w o n e o t h e c o n f o r m it y a s s e s s m e n t r o u t e s ( S e lf D e c la r a t io n , A r t ic le 1 0 .1 ; T C F , A r t ic le 1 0 .2 o r T y p e A p p r o v a l, A r t ic le 1 0 .4 o f [ 3 ] ) . E q u ip m e n t t h a t p a s s e s te s t s t o a ll r e le v a n p r o d u c t o r g e n e r ic s ta n d a r d s th a t a r e lis t e d u n d e r t h e E M C D ir e c t iv e , b u t n e v e r t h e le s s is u n r e lia b le o r fa ils in n o r m a u s e b e c a u s e it is n o t im m u n e e n o u g h f o r t h e r e a l- lif e E M e n v ir o n m e n t s in t h e a p p lic a tio n s it is in t e n d e d f o r d o e s n o t c o m p ly w it h t h e E M C D ir e c t iv e 's P r o t e c t io n R e q u ir e m e n t s a n d is t h e r e f o r e ille g a lly C E m a r k e d . t l S o , w h e r e a n ite m o f e q u ip m e n t t h a t is p o w e r e d f r o m a d . c . n e t w o r k c o u ld b e a ff e c t e d b y d ip s , in te r r u p t io n s a n d v o lt a g e v a r ia t io n s in it s p o w e r s u p p ly in it s n o r m a l o p e r a t in g e n v ir o n m e n t s it m a y p r o v e n e c e s s a r y to te s t u s in g E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 ( o r s im ila r ) in o r d e r t o c o m p ly w it h t h e E M C D 's P r o t e c t io n R e q u ir e m e n t s .

f ;

I n - s e r v ic e f a ilu r e s a n d d ip s , s h o r t in te r r u p t io n s a n d v a r ia tio n s L o w - c o s t n o n - c o m p lia n t te s t g e n e r a to r s a n d t e s t m e th o d s C o r r e la tin g a lte r n a tiv e te s t m e th o d s w ith E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 D e t e r m in in g a n 'e n g in e e r in g m a r g in ' R e fe re n c e s

E N / IE C 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 is w h a t is k n o w n a s a 'b a s ic t e s t s t a n d a r d ', s o w h e n f o llo w in g th e s e lf- d e c la r a tio n to s ta n d a r d s r o u te to c o n f o r m it y ( A r t ic le 1 0 .1 in [ 3 ]) it n e e d n o t b e lis t e d o n a e q u ip m e n t 's E M C D e c la r a t io n o f C o n fo r m ity . O n ly th e r e le v a n t g e n e r ic o r p r o d u c t h a r m o n is e d E M C s t a n d a r d s a r e r e q u ir e d t o b e lis t e d . G e n e r ic o r p r o d u c t s ta n d a r d s c a n c a ll- u p E N o r IE C 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 a s o n e o f th e te s t m e th o d s th e y e m p lo y b u t it is a lw a y s t h e g e n e r ic o r p r o d u c t s ta n d a r d t h a t s e t s th e te s t le v e ls , te s t d u r a tio n s a n d f u n c t io n a l p e r f o r m a n c e c r it e r ia t h a t s h o u ld a t le a s t b e t e s t e d to a llo w c o n f o r m it y t o b e c la im e d . A t th e tim g e n e r ic E a re k n o w 4 -2 9 b u t e x is t in g s e o f w r itin g n o M C s ta n d a rd s n to r e q u ir e te s fu tu re s ta n d a rd ta n d a rd s ) m a y p ro d u lis t e d tin g to s (o r w e ll d c t u n E v e o o r d e r [3 ] N 6 1 0 0 0 r s io n s o f s o . P lu s

3
T h e r e la tio n s h ip b e tw e e n E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 a n d th e fir s t e d itio n o f th e E M C D ir e c tiv e (8 9 /3 3 6 /E E C ) T h e r e la tio n s h ip b e tw e e n E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 a n d th e s e c o n d e d itio n o f th e E M C D ir e c tiv e (2 0 0 4 /1 0 8 /E C )

A p p ly in g E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 o r s im ila r im m u n ity te s t s w h ic h g o b e y o n d t h e m in im u m r e q u ir e m e n ts o f th e E M C D ir e c t iv e s lis te d p r o d u c t a n d g e n e r ic s t a n d a r d s c a n h e lp m a k e e q u ip m e n t m o r e r e lia b le , r e d u c e w a r r a n ty c o s t s , im p r o v e c u s to m e r s a tis fa c tio n a n d r e d u c e e x p o s u r e t o p r o d u c t lia b ilit y c la im s . T h is is s u e is a d d r e s s e d in t h e s e c t io n o n 'R e a l- lif e r e lia b ilit y ', la t e r . T h e s e c o n d e d itio n o f th e E M C D ir e c tiv e , 2 0 0 4 / 1 0 8 / E C [ 5 ] , r e p l a c e s [ 3 ] o n t h e 2 0 th J u ly 2 0 0 7 . E q u ip m e n t a lr e a d y b e in g s u p p lie d in c o n f o r m it y w ith 8 9 /3 3 6 / E E C w i l l b e a l l o w e d t o b e s u p p l i e d u n t i l 2 0 th J u ly 2 0 0 9 , b y w h ic h d a te th e y to o m u s t c o m p ly w it h [ 5 ] if t h e y a r e t o c o n t in u e to b e s u p p lie d in th e E U . W h e r e a s [ 3 ] r e q u ir e s th e in v o lv e m e n t o f a C o m p e te n t B o d y w ith a ll T C F s , [ 5 ] e ff e c t iv e ly a llo w s th e T C F r o u te to b e u s e d w ith th e o p t io n a l in v o lv e m e n t o f a N o t if ie d B o d y ( t h e n e w t e r m f o r C o m p e t e n t B o d ie s ) .

U n d e r 2 0 0 4 / 1 0 8 / E C , a ll 'f ix e d in s t a lla t io n s ' m u s t c o m p l y w i t h t h e E M C D i r e c t i v e 's P r o t e c t io n R e q u ir e m e n t s a n d h a v e d o c u m e n t a tio n th a t s h o w s h o w t h is h a s b e e n a c h ie v e d . E q u ip m e n t m a n u fa c tu r e d s p e c if ic a lly f o r u s e a t a n a m e d 'f ix e d in s t a lla t io n ' m a y n o t h a v e t o c o m p ly w it h a n y E M C r e q u ir e m e n t s a t a ll, w h e n it is s u p p lie d b u t t e s t in g t o E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 a t s p e c if ie d le v e ls c o u ld b e o n e o f th e E M C s p e c if ic a t io n s im p o s e d o n th e s u p p lie r b y t h e p u r c h a s e r , t o h e lp e n s u r e t h a t a p a r t i c u la r 'f ix e d i n s t a l la t io n ' c o m p l i e s w ith th e E M C P r o t e c t io n R e q u ir e m e n t s . T h is b o o k le t is p a r t o f a s e r ie s t h d is c u s s e s a n u m b e r o f c o m m o n p h e n o m e n a in d o m e s tic ( r e s id e n h o u s e h o ld , e tc . ) , c o m m e r c ia l, lig in d u s t r ia l a n d in d u s t r ia l e n v ir o n m h o w t h e y a r e t e s t e d a c c o r d in g t o a p p r o p r ia te E N s ta n d a r d s o n e m a n d im m u n it y . B u t o t h e r k in d s o f t e s ts m a y b e r e q u ir e d f o r a e r o s p a t E M tia l, h t e n ts a n d is s io n s im m u n it y a c e ,

a u t o m o t iv e , r a il, m a r in e , m ilita r y a n d o t h e r s p e c ia l e n v ir o n m e n t s . S o m e in d u s t r ie s m a y h a v e d e v e lo p e d t h e ir o w n im m u n it y t e s t s ta n d a r d s b a s e d o n t h e ir o w n p a r t ic u la r k in d s o f d . c . p o w e r s u p p ly n e tw o r k s . F o r in s ta n c e : IS O 7 6 3 7 te s ts e q u ip m e n t in te n d e d t o b e fit te d in m o t o r v e h ic le s fo r t h e ir a b ilit y t o w ith s t a n d a n u m b e r o f th e p o w e r q u a lity is s u e s a s s o c ia t e d w it h t h e ir 1 2 V o r 2 4 V d .c . s u p p lie s . Im p e c o b o d e im e q rta n t S a fe ty N o te : le w h o s e h e a lth d e p c t o p e r a t io n o f p a c e - w o r n o r im p la n te d e e s s h o u ld n e v e r g o m u n ity te s ts o r th e ir a s u ip m e n t . p o o p rre d y v ic A s a g e n e r a l r u le , e n d s o n th e m a k e rs o r o th e r le c t r o - m e d ic a l n e a r a n y E M C s o c ia te d te s t

W h a t to d o w h e n n e w is s u e d

v e r s io n s o f b a s ic te s t s ta n d a r d s a r e

W h a t k in d o f e q u ip m e n t is c o v e r e d ?

5
W h a t to d o w h e n n e w v e r s io n s o f b a s ic te s t s ta n d a r d s a r e is s u e d

6
lo w v o lta g e d .c . p o w e r p o r ts o f e q u ip m e n t s u p p lie d b y e x te r n a l d .c . n e t w o r k s . , a n d it a ls o s a y s t h a t it s t e s t s

a p e q p o e x g e to p ly t o e le c u ip m e n t a w e r o f a n c e e d s th e n e ra to r, th its m o d u le E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 s a y s t h a t it a p p lie s to : t r ic a l a n d e le c t r o n ic n d s y s te m s . W h e re th e ra te d e q u ip m e n t o r s y s t e m 2 5 A r a tin g o f th e te s t e t e s t is a p p lie d in d iv id u a lly s o r s u b s y s t e m s in s t e a d . h a te n g u la r o t it m s t o e s te th p e ra e a n s u p to e tin g it t h e c o m p u t e r s e r v e r in d u s tr y ( a t t h e t im e o f w r it in g ) is 'b la d e s e r v e r s '. E a c h b la d e s e r v e r is e ff e c t iv e ly a s in g le - b o a r d c o m p u t e r t h a t p lu g s in t o a b a c k p la n e it s h a r e s w it h o t h e r 'b la d e s ', w it h t h e a im o f s a v in g s p a c e , in c r e a s in g d a ta r a te s a n d r e d u c in g o v e r a ll p o w e r c o n s u m p t io n . T h e b a c k p la n e c o n ta in s d a t a b u s s e s a n d ( t y p ic a lly ) 4 8 V d . c . p o w e r f r o m a n e x t e r n a l r e c t if ie r a n d v o lt a g e r e g u la t o r u n it. S o b la d e s e r v e r s m a y a ls o b e c o n s id e r e d t o b e p o w e re d b y a n e x te rn a l d .c . n e tw o rk . I n w e t e n v ir o n m e n t s , o f a s h ip , o r b e h in d a s e r v e d , e le c tr ic a l p o w b y v e r y lo w v o lt a g e n m o re th a n 2 5 V a .c . R d .c .) to h e lp a v o id th e s h o c k s . s u c h a s o n th e d e b a r w h e r e d r in k s e r m a y b e s u p p lie e tw o r k s ( u s u a lly n M S o r 3 5 V p e a k o r is k s o f e le c t r ic c k a re d o r

T h is b o o k le t d e s c r ib e s h o w to a p p ly E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 : 2 0 0 0 . W h e r e a g e n e r ic o r p r o d u c t E M C s t a n d a r d r e q u ir e s t h e u s e o f a b a s ic t e s t m e t h o d it w ill s p e c if y e it h e r a d a te d re fe re n c e (e .g . E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 2 9 :2 0 0 0 ), o r a n u n d a te d re fe re n c e (e .g . E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 ) . If it s p e c ifie s a d a te d r e f e r e n c e , t h e n t h is is t h e v e r s io n o f t h e b a s ic te s t m e th o d s ta n d a r d th a t m u s t b e u s e d . I f it s p e c if ie s a n u n d a t e d r e f e r e n c e t h e n t h e la t e s t p u b lis h e d v e r s io n o f th e s ta n d a r d s h o u ld b e u s e d . ( A t th e tim e o f w r it in g , t h e r e a r e n o v e r s io n s o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 4 -2 9 o th e r th a n th e 2 0 0 0 o n e .) B u t it is c le a r ly im p r a c t ic a l f o r m a n u f a c t u r e r s t o r u s h t o t e s t la b s t o r e te s t a ll o f t h e ir ty p e s o f e q u ip m e n t o n t h e v e r y d a y a n e w v e r s io n is is s u e d , s o e a c h n e w v e r s io n o f a n I E C s t a n d a r d in c lu d e s a d a t e o n w h ic h it s u p e r s e d e s t h e p r e v io u s v e r s io n . T h is is t h e d a t e o f w ith d r a w a l ( D O W ) , a n d p r o v id e s a tr a n s it io n p e r io d d u r in g w h ic h m a n u f a c tu r e r s c a n c h o o s e b e t w e e n u s in g t h e o ld o r th e n e w v e r s io n s o f th e s ta n d a r d fo r d e c la r in g c o m p lia n c e . T h e D O W is p r e s e r v e d in t h e E N v e r s io n s o f th e IE C s ta n d a rd s .

U s u a lly it m a k e s b e s t c o m m e r c ia l s e n s e t o t e s t n e w e q u ip m e n t t o th e la t e s t v e r s io n o f a s t a n d a r d , r e te s t in g o ld e r e q u ip m e n t w h e n t h e y a r e d u e f o r r e t e s t in g a n y w a y a s a r e s u lt o f a d e s ig n c h a n g e o r u p g r a d e ( a s lo n g a s th is h a p p e n s b e fo r e th e D O W ) . S o m e e q u ip m e n t is s o ld f o r s u c h s h o r t p e r io d s o f t im e t h a t t h e y m a y n e v e r n e e d t o b e r e t e s t e d to a n y n e w v e r s io n s o f s ta n d a r d s . A n o te o f c a u t io n : t h e E u r o p e a n C o m m is s io n ( E C ) h a s r u le d th a t w h e r e D ir e c tiv e c o m p lia n c e is c o n c e r n e d , o n ly d a t e s th a t a r e p u b lis h e d in t h e O f fic ia l J o u r n a l o f th e E U ( O J E U ) h a v e a n y r e le v a n c e , a n d n o t a n y d a te s p u t in to s ta n d a r d s b y th e ir c o m m it te e s . T h is is n o t a p r o b le m in m o s t c a s e s , b u t b a s ic E M C t e s t s ta n d a r d s s u c h a s E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 a r e n e v e r lis t e d in t h e O J E U . S in c e D O W d a t e s in t h e b a s ic s ta n d a r d s a r e n o t r e c o g n is e d b y th e E U , t h e r e c a n b e n o t r a n s it io n p e r io d b u t w h ic h is c le a r ly im p r a c t ic a l a n d s illy th is c o n s e q u e n c e d o e s n o t s e e m to h a v e b e e n fo r e s e e n b y th e E C . It is p r o b a b ly le s s r is k y t o a lw a y s u s e th e la t e s t v e r s io n o f a b a s ic te s t s ta n d a r d , e x c e p t w h e r e th e r e g u la to r y r e q u ir e m e n ts ( fo r th e E U o r o th e r m a r k e ts ) s p e c ify th e e x a c t v e r s io n to b e u s e d .

T h b y g e 3 6 v o fro

e s ta n d a rd d o e s n o t s a y w l o w v o l t a g e b u t its n e r a to r o u tp u t s p e c if ic a t io 0 V d .c . s u ff ic ie n t t o s im lt a g e p r o v id e d b y a r e c t if ie m 2 5 4 / 4 4 0 V a . c . m a in s .

E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 a ls o d o e s n o t s a y w h a t m e a n s b y a n e x te rn a l d .c . n e tw o rk s o it is a s s u m e d in t h is b o o k le t th a t it m e a n s a n y d .c . s u p p ly th a t is s h a r e d b y tw o o r m o r e ite m s o f e le c tr ic a l o r e le c t r o n ic e q u ip m e n t , a n d t h a t is s e p a r a t o t h e m a ll. F o r e x a m p le , in s id e a n in d u s t r ia l c o n t r o l p a n e l it is c o m m o n t o f in d a 2 4 V d .c . p o w e r s u p p ly th a t p r o v id p o w e r t o a n u m b e r o f s m a ll it e m s o f e q u ip m e n t , s u c h a s P In In H S R ro g s tr d ic u m a fe e la r a m m a b le u m e n ta tio n a to r la m p s a n - m a c h in ty r e la y s y s a n d c o n

te e s

lo g ic c o n t r o lle r s ( P L C s ) a m p lif ie r s e in t e r f a c e s ( H M I s ) ta c to rs , e tc .

S o m e o t h e r a p p lic a tio n s u s e d .c . p o w e r n e t w o r k s to h e lp r e c o v e r e n e r g y . W h e r e t h e r e a r e la r g e lo a d s b e in g m o v e d , it is c o m m o n t o s lo w t h e m d o w n b y u s in g t h e m o t o r s t h a t d r iv e t h e m a s g e n e r a t o r s in s t e a d . T h e k in e t ic e n e r g y a s s o c ia t e d w ith th e lo a d is c o n v e r t e d t o e le c t r ic a l p o w e r , w h e r e it is o fte n w a s te d in a b r a k in g r e s is to r . H o w e v e r , w h e r e a n u m b e r o f m o to rs s h a re th e s a m e d .c . s u p p ly , o r w h e r e t h e r e is a b a t te r y o r s u p e r c a p a c ito r c o n n e c t e d t o t h e s u p p ly , th e re g e n e ra te d e n e rg y c a n b e u s e d to a c c e le r a t e a n o th e r lo a d o r b e s t o r e d f o r la te r u s e . R e fin e r ie s f o r s u g a r a n d u r a n iu m , a n d m a n y o t h e r in d u s t r ia l p r o c e s s e s , u s e n u m b e r s o f p o w e r f u l c e n t r if u g e s , a n d s o m e o f t h e m h a v e b e e n d e s ig n e d w it h a s in g le m a in s r e c tif ie r u n it p r o v id in g a c o m m o n d .c . b u s n e tw o r k to a ll th e c e n t r ifu g e s . T h e g r e a t e s t e le c t r ic a l d e m a n d fr o m a c e n tr ifu g e o c c u r s w h e n it is s p u n u p . B y s e q u e n c in g th e c e n tr ifu g e s

T h is b o o k le t s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e a b o v e 2 4 V d .c . s u p p ly s y s t e m s h o u ld b e c la s s if ie d a s a n 'e x t e r n a l d . c . n e t w o r k ' a c c o r d in g t o E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 . O th e r e x a m p le s o f d .c . n e t w o r k s in c lu d e t e le p h o n e e x c h a n g e s ( o r 'c e n t r a l o f f ic e s ') w h ic h a r e t r a d it io n a lly s u p p lie d w it h p o w e r a t 4 8 V d . c . s o t h e y c a n e a s ily b e r u n f r o m b a t t e r ie s d u r in g a m a in s s u p p ly o u ta g e . T h e la t e s t f a s h io n in

W h a t a r e d .c . v o lta g e d ip s , s h o r t in te r r u p tio n s a n d v a r ia tio n s , a n d h o w

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s o th a t o n e is s p u n u p w h e n e v e r a n o th e r is s p u n d o w n , t h e r o t a t io n a l e n e r g y f r o m o n e m a c h in e is tr a n s f e r r e d to a n o t h e r v ia t h e m e d iu m o f th e d .c . b u s . O f c o u r s e , th e r e is a lw a y s s o m e lo s s in t h e r e g e n e r a t io n p r o c e s s , b u t th e e n d r e s u lt is a m u c h s m a lle r a n d le s s c o s tly r e c t if ie r u n it th a n w o u ld o th e r w is e b e n e e d e d , a n d a v a s t r e d u c t io n in t h e c o s t o f e le c t r ic it y c o n s u m e d ( a n d in t h e a m o u n t o f c a r b o n d io x id e in d ir e c t ly e m it t e d t o w a r m u p t h e p la n e t) . S o m e m u lt i- a x is r o b o tic m a c h in e s , s u c h a s m a c h in in g c e n tr e s , a r e u n d e r s to o d t o u s e t h e s a m e p r in c ip le t o r e d u c e t h e ir o v e r a ll p o w e r c o n s u m p t io n . T h e a d d it io n o f b a tte r ie s o r s u p e r c a p a c ito r s to th e d .c . n e t w o r k c a n a v o id t h e n e e d t o s e q u e n c e t h e m o t o r s s o o n e is a lw a y s a c c e le r a t in g w h e n a n o th e r is d e c e le r a tin g . V e h ic le s o ft e n u s e d .c . p o w e r n e tw o r k s 1 s 2 2 T w 2 V in a u to m o b y s te m s s ta r tin g 4 V in tr u c k s 8 V in fix e d a n d r a in s a n d tr a m ith d .c . p o w e r id a n d e le s o f 2 0 0 V rs , b u t n o a s in g ly b e tr a c tio n . ile s ( w it h s o m e 4 2 V to b e u s e d ) r o t a t in g w in g a ir c r a f t s o f t h e t y p e s s u p p lie d v e h o re b t th d fo ic le s o f t e n u s e d . c . f o r t h e ir t r a c t io n e s e b u s e s w ill r o th e r p u rp o s e s 2 9 d o e s o f e q u ip d to b e e ll a s to u s tr ia l e n o t lim it m e n t, a b le to fix e d x a m p le s A c c o r d in g t o E N s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n in t h e d . c . s u p p ly p e r io d o f tim e b y b o th a re c a u s e d d .c . d is tr ib u t io n s c h a n g e s in lo a d . 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 , d ip s s a re s u d d e n re d v o lta g e , fo llo w e d a s u d d e n re c o v e b y r a n d o m f a u lt s y s te m o r b y s u d d a n d u c t io n s a fte r a ry , a n d in th e e n la r g e b a tte r ie s . E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 d o h o w lo n g s u c h c h a n g e s c a n c le a r ly th e y c a n la s t fo r m a n m a y b e e v e n d a y s o r w e e k s 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 t e s t s w it h v o lt a g th a t la s t b e tw e e n 0 .1 a n d 1 0 H o w e s n o t s a y la s t fo r y h o u rs , b u t E N e v a r ia tio n s s .

S h o r t in t e r r u p tio n s c a n a ls o b e c a u s e d b y b r e a k - b e fo r e - m a k e s w itc h in g b e tw e e n o n e d .c . s o u r c e a n d a n o t h e r ( f o r e x a m p le b e tw e e n a d .c . g e n e ra to r a n d a b a tte ry ), a n d in m o s t n e t w o r k s th is u s u a lly o c c u r s m u c h m o r e o fte n th a n s h o r t in te r r u p tio n s c a u s e d b y f a u lt s . D ip s a a n d th m illis e 6 1 0 0 0 b e tw e r e v o lt a g e e ir d u r a t io c o n d s to s - 4 - 2 9 o n ly e n 1 0 m s a re n s e c te n d d u c tio n c a n la s o n d s , a s ts w ith 1 s . s o f t fro lt h o d ip m u p to 8 0 % ,

d .c v o lta g e d ip s , in te r r u p tio n s a n d v a r ia tio n s c a n b e c a u s e d b y lo w -im p e d a n c e fa u lts a n d c h a n g e s in lo a d c u r r e n ts

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S h o r t in te r r u p tio n o f m o re th a n 8 0 % o f t im e b y a s u d d in te r r u p tio n s a r e m in u te ( p r e s u m a k n o w n a s lo n g in 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 te s ts 1 m s a n d 1 s .

s a r e v o lt a g e r e d u c , fo llo w e d a fte r a p e n re c o v e ry . S h o rt s a id to la s t u p to o n b ly , a f te r th a t t h e y a t e r r u p t io n s ) b u t E N w ith d u r a tio n s b e tw

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S h o r t in te r r u p tio n s c a u s e d b y f a u lt s g e n e r a lly h a v e a lo w im a n d d u r in g th is p e r io d a n it e m f r o m t h e d . c . n e t w o r k m ig h t d b a c k in to th e d . c . n e t w o r k 'n e g a t iv e in r u s h c u r r e n t '. B u t in te r r u p tio n s c a u s e d b y o p e n ( s u c h a s a p o o r e le c tr ic a l c o n b y b r e a k - b e f o r e - m a k e s w it c h h a v e a h ig h im p e d a n c e . A v o lt a s u p p ly th a n th b y c h a a n d /o r g e v a r ia v o lta g e e ra te d n g e s in th e c h a

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F u ll c o m p lia n c e im m u n ity te s tin g u s in g E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 :2 0 0 0

9
C ir c u its c a n w a y s w h e n le s s th a n th th a t v o lta g e m is o p e r a te a n d o n th e m p o e y is d e d e is w w c p ta o p e e re e re h a n e n d ils o ra te d b y d e s g in g s o n f h o in a n u m a v o lta g ig n e d f o . H o w th th e ty p e w it w a s b e r o f e th a t is r, o r w h e n e y o f c ir c u it d e s ig n e d . B u t s o m e tim e s th e tim e ta k e n b y th e r e b o o t m e a n s t h a t w h a t e v e r is b e in g c o n t r o lle d s h o u ld s h u t d o w n in a c o n t r o lle d m a n n e r a n d th e n r e q u ir e a n a u to m a tic o r m a n u a l r e s t a r t o n c e t h e c o r r e c t s t a r t in g c o n d it io n s h a v e b e e n m e t . F o r e x a m p le , w h e r e a n u m b e r o f m o to r d r iv e s a r e c o n t r o llin g t h e p r o c e s s in g o f a w e b o f m a te r ia l, th e ir s p e e d s m u s t b e s y n c h r o n is e d . I f a n y o n e o f t h e m g e t s 'o u t o f s t e p ' it r is k s b r e a k in g t h e w e b , w h ic h c a n b e v e r y c o s t ly . S o it m a y b e n e c e s s a r y t o b r in g t h e s a f e ly t o w e b t o a h a lt , a n d r e s t a r t t h e p r o c e s s w h e n th e d is tu r b a n c e th a t c a u s e d th e p r o b le m is o v e r . A n o fte n o v e r lo o k e d a s p e c t o f a c r a s h o r lo c k - u p is th a t th e o u tp u ts o f th e d ig ita l c ir c u it c a n b e le f t in a n y r a n d o m c o m b in a t io n s o f s t a t e s u n t il th e s u c c e s s f u l r e b o o t . I n t h e c a s e o f c o m p u te r is e d s y s t e m s r u n n in g la r g e o p e r a t in g s y s te m s , t h e r e b o o t t im e c a n b e m e a s u r e d in m in u t e s . D u r in g t h is t im e th e d ig it a l o u tp u ts m a y b e s e n d in g e r r o n e o u s c o n tr o l s ig n a ls to p o w e r e d a c tu a to r s th a t c o u ld c r e a t e u n d e s ir a b le s it u a t io n s . I n s o m e a p p lic a tio n s s u c h r a n d o m o u tp u t s m ig h t e v e n c a u s e d a m a g e t o t h e e q u ip m e n t b e in g c o n t r o lle d , o r s a fe t y h a z a r d s t o it s u s e r s o r th ir d p a r tie s . S o m e t y p e s o f h ig h - r e lia b ility e q u ip m e n t , s u c h a s lif e - s u p p o r t , c a n n o t b e a llo w e d a n y d e v ia tio n f r o m f u ll- s p e c ific a t io n o p e r a t io n . S u c h e q u ip m e n t is o ft e n p o w e r e d fr o m a n u n in te r r u p tib le p o w e r s u p p ly , a n d in th e c a s e o f d . c . p o w e r e q u ip m e n t t h is m ig h t b e a b a t t e r y . B u t w h e r e t h e r e is a n e t w o r k o f e q u ip m e n t a ll s h a r in g t h e s a m e 'u n in t e r r u p t ib le ' d . c . n e tw o r k , th e d is tu r b a n c e s a d d r e s s e d b y E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 a r e r e le v a n t a n d s h o u ld b e t e s te d t o c h e c k t h a t f u ll s p e c if ic a t io n o p e r a t io n is m a in ta in e d . ( A ls o r e f e r t o t h e s e c t io n o n r e a l- life r e lia b ilit y , la t e r . ) P o w e r c o n t r o l c ir c u its s w itc h - m o d e p o w e r c s u ffe r a c tu a l d a m a g e c o n d u c t io n in t h e ir p o d e v ic e s , w h e n t h e ir c s u f fe r in te r f e r e n c e f r o t h e d . c . s u p p ly . T h e d t o e x p lo d in g t r a n s is t o s a fe ty h a z a rd s . (e .g o n v e d u e w e r o n tro m th a m a rs , w . in v e r te r d r iv r t e r s ) m ig h t to c ro s s s w it c h in g llin g d e v ic e s e d is tu r b a n c e g e m ig h t e x te h ic h c a n c r e a e s ,

1 0
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T h is b o e v e ry th g e n e ra th is s ta r e le v a n a m e n d o k le t is n o in g t h a t is l g u id e . A n n d a rd m u s t e d it io n , a m e n ts , a n d t a in y o t h n d fo c o m p le te E N 6 1 0 0 0 n e p e rfo rm a v e a c o p a n y r e le v llo w it /t h e r e c it a l o f - 4 - 2 9 , o n ly a in g t e s ts t o y o f th e a n t m e x a c t ly .

A n a lo g u e s ig n a l p r o c e s s in g c ir c u it s m a y s im p ly f in d t h a t t h e ir m a x im u m s ig n a l a m p lit u d e is r e d u c e d , b u t it is n o t u n u s u a l f o r b ia s le v e ls t o s h if t t h e o p e r a tin g p o in t s o f s e m ic o n d u c to r s in s u c h a w a y t h a t t h e y d o n o t b e h a v e a s in t e n d e d t h e r e s u lt c a n b e a n y a m o u n t o f e rro r a n d a n y ty p e o r d e g r e e o f m a lf u n c t io n . F o r e x a m p le , a u d io p o w e r a m p lif ie r s m ig h t b e c o m e u n s t a b le a n d 'w h is t le ' a t f u ll p o w e r a t h ig h o r u lt r a s o n ic fr e q u e n c ie s , o r t h e y m a y 't h u m p ' e it h e r o f w h ic h m ig h t d e s t r o y t h e s p e a k e rs th e y a re c o n n e c te d to . D ig ita l c ir c u it s m ig h t r e s e t o r r e b o o t c le a n ly . I f t h e y d o n 't r e s e t c le a n ly , o r a t a ll, t h e y m ig h t e x p e r ie n c e a lm o s t r a n d o m e r r o r s r a n g in g fr o m a c h a n g e in o p e r a t io n a l m o d e ( e . g . f r o m c r a w l s p e e d f o r w a r d w it h r e d u c e d t o r q u e , t o fu ll s p e e d r e v e r s e w it h f u ll to r q u e ) ; c o n t in u o u s ly r e p e a t in g a s e c t io n o f c o d e ; o r a 'c r a s h ' o r 'lo c k u p ' w h e r e t h e c ir c u it c e a s e s t o o p e r a t e a t a ll. I n c o m p e t e n t ly d e s ig n e d d ig it a l e q u ip m e a c r a s h w ill e v e n t u a lly le a d t o a r e b o o t , w h e r e u p o n t h e e q u ip m e n t m ig h t t h e n f in its e lf in a n u n d e s ir a b le s t a t e , d e p e n d in g its a p p lic a t io n . I f a r e b o o t le a v e s th e e q u ip m e n t in 'p o w e r - u p ' m o d e th is c o c a u s e p r o b le m s if w h a t is r e q u ir e d is th a t h e fu n c t io n t h a t w a s b e in g p e r f o r m e d b e f o r e th e d .c . p o w e r s u p p ly d is tu r b a n c e s h o u ld b e c o n t in u e d . F o r e x a m p le , a f la s h in g la m p th a t in d ic a t e s a h a z a r d s h o u ld c o n t in u e t o f la s h a f te r th e d is t u r b a n c e , a n d n o t s w it c h o f f . n t d o n

in n d te

W h e n e v e r t h e r e is a d ip o r s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n in a d . c . p o w e r s u p p ly , t r a n s ie n t c u r r e n t s w ill f lo w in t o a n d /o r o u t o f th e d .c . c o n n e c tio n o f th e e q u ip m e n t t h a t is b e in g p o w e r e d . T h e v o lt a g e a n d c u r r e n t flu c tu a tio n s o n th e d .c . c o n d u c to r s w ill c a u s e f lu c t u a t in g e le c t r ic a n d m a g n e t ic f ie ld s ; s t r o n g e s t n e a r t o t h e c o n d u c t o r s . T h e s e f ie ld s w ill c o u p le in to o th e r c o n d u c t o r s in c ir c u it s a n d e s p e c ia lly a n y lo n g le a d s , in je c tin g n o is e c u r r e n ts a n d v o lt a g e s t h a t c o u ld d is t u r b t h e ir o p e r a t io n . T h is is m o s t lik e ly t o b e a c o n c e r n f o r c ir c u its th a t m e a s u r e s m a ll s ig n a ls .

T h e te s t w a v e fo r m s a n d th e ir le v e ls
T h e t e s t w a v e f o r m s a r e v e r y s im p le , a n d a r e d e s c r ib e d in C la u s e 5 o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 2 9 . D ip s , s h o r t v a r ia t io n s a n d v a r ia t io n s s u d d e n ly c h a n g e fr o m th e n o m in a l d .c . v o lt a g e to th e s p e c if ie d te s t le v e l t h e n a ft e r a s p e c if ie d d u r a t io n th e y s u d d e n ly c h a n g e b a c k t o t h e n o m in a l. W h e n E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 s p e c if ie s a n 'a b r u p t ' o r 's u d d e n ' v o lt a g e c h a n g e , it m e a n s o n e t h a t ta k e s b e tw e e n 1 a n d 5 0 s to o c c u r (th e r is e / f a ll t im e s p e c if ic a tio n f o r it s t e s t g e n e r a to r ) . E a c h o f t h e t e s t s s p e c ifie d in t h e s t a n d a r d is a p p lie d t h r e e t im e s , w ith a b r e a k o f a t le a s t 1 0 s b e t w e e n e a c h t e s t , d u r in g w h ic h th e n o m in a l d . c . s u p p ly v o lt a g e is a p p lie d . V o lt a g e v a r ia t io n s c a n b e t e s t e g r a d u a l c h a n g e s fr o m n o m in a l le v e l a n d b a c k a g a in , if r e q u ir e c u s t o m e r . T h is m o r e c lo s e ly r e w h a t h a p p e n s in r e a l lif e a s a b d is c h a r g e s a n d c h a r g e s ( o r v ic 3 0 % 7 0 % X (a w h e (re p re (re p re n o p e n re s p e c s e s e le ia n t in n t in v e l l c o g a d g a d w h ic h n d it io ip o f 7 0 ip o f 3 0 c a n b e n s o b ta d w it h to th e d b y th p lic a te a tte ry e -v e rs te s t e s

a ).

T h e t e s t le v e ls f o r v o lta g e d ip s a r e : % ) % ) s p e c ifie d in )

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I n a ll c a s e s th e d d u r a tio n s o f 1 0 m 1 s . T h e r e is a ls o m a rk e d a s X , w h w h e r e s p e c ia l c o 'E q u ip m e n t U n d e

ip s a r e a p p lie d f o r s , 3 0 m s , 0 .1 s , 0 .3 s a n d a n o p e n d u r a t io n , ic h c a n b e s p e c if ie d n d it io n s o b t a in . T h e r T e s t' ( E U T ) is te s t e d

1 1
E x a m p le o f a s e q u e n c e o f d ip s te s ts

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( n o t d r a w n to s c a le )
E x a m p le o f a s e q u e n c e o f in te r r u p tio n s te s ts

( n o t d r a w n to s c a le )

w ith e a c t im e s , w Ig n o r in g ta k e a b o s e q u e n c

h le v e ith 1 0 th e X u t s ix e is u

l a n d d u ra s e c o n d s b v a lu e s , a m in u t e s w n d e r a u to m

tio n o f e tw e e f u ll te s h e n th a tic c

d ip th r e e n e a c h d ip . t s h o u ld e te s t o n tr o l.

in t e r r u p t io n s a r e a lw a y s 0 % ( r e p r e s e n t in g a d ip o f 1 0 0 % , r e m o v a l o f th e s o u r c e v o lt a g e ) . T h e d u r a t io n s fo r w h ic h t h e in t e r r u p t io n s a r e a p p lie d a r e : 1 , 3 , 1 0 a n d 3 0 m s , a n d 0 .1 , 0 .3 a n d 1 s . T h e r e is a ls o a n o p e n d u r a t io n , m a r k e d a s X , w h ic h c a n b e s p e c if ie d w h e r e s p e c ia l c o n d it io n s o b ta in . B u t th e s e s e v e c a r r ie d o u t tw ic h a s a lo w im p e in te r r u p tio n , a n th a t h a s a h ig h in te r r u p tio n ( ig n o r in g t h e X n in te r r u p e : o n c e w d a n c e d u d th e n a g im p e d a n m a k in g 1 v a lu e s ) . tio n te s ts m u s ith a s o u r c e w r in g th e a in w ith a s o u c e d u r in g t h e 4 t e s ts in a ll T h e E U T is te t b e h ic h rc e s te d

T h e te s t le v e ls fo r s h o r t v o lta g e

w ith e a c h d in te r r u p tio n b e tw e e n e a v a lu e s , a fu m in u te s w h a u t o m a t ic c

u r a t io n a th r e e tim c h in t e r r ll te s t s h e n th e te o n tr o l.

n d im p e d a n c e o f s h o r t e s , w ith 1 0 s e c o n d s u p t io n . I g n o r in g th e X o u ld t a k e a b o u t s e v e n s t s e q u e n c e is u n d e r -4 -2 te s d u r y le 9 s a y te d w a t io n , v e ls o s th a t if it h a n it is n o t f d ip s

im m u n ity o f th e e q u ip m e n t d e trim e n ta lly a ffe c te d b y v o l e s s t h a n 7 0 % . . T h is w o u ld

re d u c e th e n u m a d e t a ile d a n d u n d e r s t a n d in g c ir c u it s in v o lv e v o lt a g e s o t h e r in te n d e d fo r d e s ig n e r s d o n

A fo o tn o te in a n e q u ip m e n in te r r u p tio n o n e c e s s a ry to w ith th e s a m

E N 6 1 0 0 0 t h a s b e e n f a c e r t a in te s t fo r a n e d u r a t io n

u s e f u lly b e r o f t e s t s , b u t it r e q u ir e s c o m p r e h e n s iv e o f th e b e h a v io u r o f th e d , w h e n o p e ra te d o n th a n th o s e th e y a re k n o w le d g e th a t m a n y o t h a v e .

u n le s s th e is lta g e d ip s o f

I n p a r t ic u la r , th e b e h a v io u r o f m ic r o p r o c e s s o r r e s e t c ir c u it s c a n b e c o m p r o m is e d b y d ip s o f a c e r ta in d u r a t io n a lt h o u g h t h e y m ig h t p e r fo r m p e r fe c t ly w e ll w ith a n in te r r u p tio n o f th e s a m e d u r a tio n . S o m e m ic r o p r o c e s s o r a n d m ic r o c o n tr o lle r f a m ilie s in c lu d e r e s e t f u n c t io n s w it h in t h e m s e lv e s , s o t h e c ir c u it d e s ig n e r c o u ld n o t u n d e r s t a n d t h e m in th e r e q u is it e d e t a il in a n y c a s e . S o t h is b o o k le t r e c o m m e n d s d is r e g a r d in g th is fo o t n o t e a n d a lw a y s d o in g a ll o f t h e d ip s a n d in te r r u p tio n s te s ts . T h e E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 te s ts fo r v o lta g e v a r ia t io n s a r e v e r y s im ila r t o t h e d ip s t e s ts , b u t w it h lo w e r p e r c e n t a g e c h a n g e s in t h e d . c . le v e l. T h e y e m p lo y v o lt a g e v a r ia t io n s t h a t in c r e a s e a b o v e t h e n o m in a l a s w e ll a s d e c r e a s e b e lo w it ( a n in c r e a s e d v o lta g e is c a u s e d b y a r e d u c t io n in t h e lo a d o n t h e d . c . n e t w o r k ) . T h e t e s t le v e ls f o r v o lta g e v a r ia tio n s a r e

8 c 8 c X In d u 3 s d u s p

5 % h a 0 % h a (a w h e a ll c r a tio a n d r a tio e c ia

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0 % ( r e p r e s e n t in g -1 5 % a n d + 2 0 % ), 0 % ( r e p r e s e n t in g 2 0 % ), o r le v e l w h ic h c a n b e ia l c o n d it io n s o b t a r ia , 3 is c a o b t io n s 0 m s , a ls o n b e ta in . a re 0 .1 a n s p e

v o lta g e o r v o lt a g e s p e c ifie d in )

s th e v a o f 1 0 m s s . T h e re ' w h ic h n d itio n s

a p p lie d f o r s , 0 .3 s , 1 s , o p e n c if ie d w h e r e

T h e d u ra w ith Ig n o ta k e s e q u

E U tio 1 0 r in u n e n

T is t e s t e d w it h e a c h le v e l a n d n o f v o lt a g e v a r ia t io n t h r e e t im e s , s e c o n d s b e t w e e n e a c h d ip . g th e X v a lu e s , a f u ll te s t s h o u ld d e r th r e e m in u te s w h e n th e te s t c e is u n d e r a u t o m a t ic c o n t r o l.

1 3
E x a m p le o f a s e q u e n c e o f v o lta g e v a r ia tio n s te s ts

1 4
( n o t d r a w n to s c a le )
A n e x a m p le o f a te s t g e n e r a to r b a s e d u p o n tw o d .c p o w e r s o u r c e s w ith in te r n a l s w itc h in g

B e c a u s e t h is is a b a s ic t e s t s t a n d a r d , t h e a b o v e t e s t s r e p r e s e n t a lis t f r o m w h ic h t h e p r o d u c t o r g e n e r ic te s t s ta n d a r d c o m m it te e s c a n c h o o s e a s e le c t io n o f t e s t le v e ls a n d d u r a t io n s . B u t th e a lm o s t in f in it e v a r ie t y o f p o s s ib le c ir c u its in e q u ip m e n t , a n d h o w th e y m ig h t r e s p o n d to d ip s a n d s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n s , m e a n s t h a t it is v e r y d if f ic u lt t o c h o o s e . S o it s e e m s th a t p r o d u c t o r g e n e r ic c o m m itte e s u s u a lly c h o o s e w h ic h to a p p ly b a s e d o n p o lit ic a l c o m p r o m is e s b e tw e e n th o s e w h o re p re s e n t m a n u fa c tu re rs a n d th o s e w h o r e p r e s e n t te s t la b o r a to r ie s o r a c a d e m ia . S in c in c lu t h e ir m in u m o d k n o w c ir c u v o lt a o f th te s te e a n a u to m a te d te s t s e q u e n c d e s a ll o f th e a b o v e te s t le v e d u r a tio n s s h o u ld o n ly ta k e a t e s ( f o r e a c h o f t h e E U T 's o p e s ) , a n d b e c a u s e w e a lm o s t e n o u g h a b o u t th e b e h a v io u it s o u t s id e o f th e ir n o r m a l o p g e s , th is b o o k le t r e c o m m e n d e le v e ls a n d a ll o f t h e d u r a t io d f o r a ll o f t h e t h r e e t y p e s o f e th a t ls a n d b o u t 1 6 e r a t io n a l n e v e r r o f o u r e r a t in g s th a t a ll n s a re te s ts .

N o th in g in t h e s t a n d a r d s a y s h o w t o c h o o s e b e tw e e n th e 8 5 % a n d 8 0 % te s le v e ls fo r th e v o lta g e v a r ia tio n s , a n d in t h e 8 5 % t e s t le v e l is n o t m e n t io n e d e ls e w h e r e in t h e s t a n d a r d , e v e n w h e r e d is c u s s e s th e 8 0 % t e s t le v e l. S o t h is b o o k le t r e c o m m e n d s a p p ly in g t h e 8 0 % a n d 1 2 0 % te s t le v e ls a n d ig n o r in g th e o n e .

fa c t it

8 5 %

T h e 'X ' t e s t le v e ls o r d u r a t io n s a r e m o s t u s u a lly u s e d in s p e c ia l a p p lic a t io n s , w h e r e t h e d is t u r b a n c e s in th e d .c . s u p p ly n e t w o r k c a n e x c e e d th o s e lis te d in E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 . T h e X v a lu e s s h o u ld b e b a s e d o n c a lc u la t io n o r k n o w le d g e o f th e s p e c ific e le c t r o m a g n e tic e n v ir o n m e n t c o n c e r n e d .

g u a r a n te e s it s c o m p lia n c e w it h E N 6 1 0 0 0 4 - 2 9 a n d ( id e a lly ) s u p p lie s it w it h a c a lib r a t io n c e r t if ic a t e f r o m a n in d e p e n d e n t c a lib r a t io n la b o r a to r y . Y o u s h o u ld t h e n c h e c k t h e c a lib r a t io n d a ta a g a in s t t h e s p e c if ic a tio n in C la u s e 6 o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 0 - 4 2 9 , w h ic h m e a n s b u y in g a c o p y o f it . If y o u w a n t to m a k e y o u r o w n te s t g e n e ra to r ( w h ic h is n o t a d if f ic u lt t a s k ) y o u s h o u ld f ir s t p u r c h a s e E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 t o m a k e s u r e y o u h a v e th e c o r r e c t d e s ig n d a ta . T h e t e s t g e n e r a t o r 's o u t p u t s h o u ld b e a to p r o v id e u p to 3 6 0 V a t u p to 2 5 A . It m n o t a lw a y s b e n e c e s s a r y to b e a b le t o s u p p ly th e m a x im u m v a lu e s o f t h e s e b u t in a ll c a s e s v o lt a g e s o r c u r r e n t s te s t g e n e ra to rs p o w e r a n d c u rre n t c a p a b ilit y s h o u ld e x c e e d t h e r e q u ir e m e o f t h e E U T b y a t le a s t 2 0 % . b le a y th e n ts

in t e r r u p t io n s in 'lo w im p e d a n c e ' m o d e . P e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t is s o u r c e d w h e n it is s u p p lie d t o t h e E U T b y t h e t e s t g e n e r a to r , a n d it is s u n k w h e n it is s u p p lie d to th e t e s t g e n e r a to r b y th e E U T d u r in g a s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n t e s t ( i. e . it f lo w s o u t o f t h e E U T b a c k in to th e d . c . n e t w o r k d u r in g t h e lo w im p e d a n c e s u p p ly in t e r r u p t io n , s o m e t im e s c a lle d 'n e g a t iv e in r u s h c u r r e n t ') . A p e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t o f 5 0 A a t a n o u tp o f 2 4 V d .c ., 1 0 0 A a t 4 8 V a n d 2 2 0 A a t 1 1 0 V s h o u ld b e a b le to b e s o u r c e d o r s u n k b y th e te s t g e n e ra to r. E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 d o e s n o t s p e c ify w h a t c u r r e n t r a tin g s s h o u ld b e u s e d f o r o u t p u t v o lt a g e s b e tw e e n th e s e fix e d p o in ts , b u t th is b o o k le t a s s u m e s t h a t lin e a r in t e r p o la t io in te n d e d . H ig h e r o u tp u t v o lta g e s th a n 1 1 0 V a r e p e r m itt e d a lo w e r r a t in g f o r s o u r c in g o r s in k in g in r u s h c u r r e n t , b u t h m u c h le s s is n o t s p e c ifie d . u t -2 9

T h e te s t g e n e ra to r
C la c h a a n d re p g e n u s e 6 ra c te th e s e a te d e ra to o f E N 6 1 0 r is tic s o f th e s p e c if ic a h e re . If y o r, c h e c k th 0 0 -4 -2 e te s t tio n s w u w a n a t th e 9 s p e c if ie s t h e s ig n a l g e n e r a to r , ill n o t b e t to b u y a te s t s u p p lie r

n is o w

T h e t e s t g e n e r a t o r s p e c if ic a tio n s in c lu d e r e q u ir e m e n t s fo r w h e n it is s o u r c in g o r s in k in g 'p e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t ' d u r in g s h o r t

1 5
A n e x a m p le o f a te s t g e n e r a to r b a s e d u p o n a p r o g r a m m a b le d .c . p o w e r s u p p ly r a tin g s a r e m a x im u m d le a s t 5 ( p r e n o m in a l d .c r a tin g s a r e c o n ta c to rs . a d e .c . fe ra . v o n o t q u a te c u rre n b ly 1 0 lta g e . t y p ic a r in a t r m u c h l o f m fo ts o S te r r u p tin g th v o lta g e s o f a o r e ) tim e s th h ig h d .c . a n y r e la y s o e t e r T h e v o lta g e s a r o n th e g e n e ra to E U T c o n n e c te d w ith in 5 % o f t h e e m r, a to ir c e a s u r n d th e c h e c k o rre c t e d w n a g th a t v a lu

1 6
ith n o lo a d a in w it h t h e th e y r e m a in e s . u s e o f a n d d o a n y ld b u y a

M o s t tr a n s ie n t o r s u r g e o v e r v o lt a g e p r o te c to r s o p e r a te in s h u n t m o d e , c r e a t in g a v e r y lo w im p e d a n c e w h e n t h e y o p e ra te . S o w h e n n o t r e ly in g o n e le c t r o - m e c h a n ic a l c o n t a c ts t o g e n e r a t e t h e in te r r u p t io n it m a y b e q u it e a c h a lle n g e t o p r o v id e o v e r v o lt a g e p r o t e c tio n th a t m a in t a in s t h e r e q u ir e d > 1 0 0 k W o u tp u t im p e d a n c e d u r in g th e in t e r r u p t io n ( f o r u p t o t h r e e t im e s t h e n o m in a l d .c . v o lta g e ) . A n o th e r o m is s io n fr o m d u r a tio n fo r w h ic h th e p s p e c if ic a tio n s h o u ld b e b o o k le t r e c o m m e n d s t h t o b e m a in ta in e d f o r a t th a n th e E U T r e q u ir e s , o r s o u r c in g c u r r e n t . th e m a le w e s ta n d a r d is th e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t a in ta in e d . T h is t it s h o u ld b e a b le a s t 3 0 % lo n g e r h e t h e r it is s in k in g A s u r p r is in g o g e n e r a t o r 's 'lo is it s a c t u a l im in te r r u p tio n s . n fro m th e te s t e d a n c e ' s p e c if ic a t io n c e d u r in g d ip s o r s h o r t ld b e p r e d o m i n a n t l y r e s i s t i v e a n d lo w e v e n d u r in g t h e s w itc h in g o f th e o u t p u t v o lt a g e , b u t n o o t h e r s p e c if ic a t io n s a r e g iv e n . T h is c o u ld le a d t o v a r ia t io n s in E U T im m u n ity p e r fo r m a n c e w h e n te s te d w ith d if f e r e n t g e n e r a t o r s t h a t a r e a ll 'c o m p lia n t w it h E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 ', o r im m u n it y p r o b le m s in r e a l lif e , a n d t h e s e is s u e s a r e d is c u s s e d la t e r . m is s io w im p p e d a n It s h o u E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 d o e s n o t s p e c ify th e a m o u n t o f n o is e , o r its s p e c tr u m , p e r m it t e d o n t h e t e s t g e n e r a t o r 's p o w e r in p u t s o r o u t p u t s . T h is b o o k le t r e c o m m e n d s t h a t t h e y s h o u ld h a v e lo w e n o u g h le v e ls o f n o is e o n th e ir p o w e r in p u t s t h a t t h e y w ill n o t in t e r fe r e w ith a n y o th e r e q u ip m e n t p o w e r e d f r o m t h e s a m e a .c . s u p p ly n e t w o r k . T h e y s h o u ld a ls o h a v e lo w le v e ls o f n o is e o n t h e d . c . p o w e r o u tp u ts s o th a t th e y a r e u n lik e ly to in t e r f e r e w it h a n y ty p e o f E U T a n d c o n fu s e th e r e s u lts o f th e te s t.

T h e s e v e r ific a t io n t e s ts r e s t a n d a r d e le c t r ic a l t e s t in s e le c t r ic a l t e s t m e t h o d s , s o d e s c r ib e d h e r e . If y o u a r e te s tin g to E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 c o p y o f it a n d f o llo w it s v e r e q u ir e m e n ts . In ru s h c u rre n ts a re s p e c if ie d t e s t lo a d V e r if ic a t io n t e c h n iq g e n e r a to r r a t in g s a s p e c if ie d , t o c h e c k 2 0 % m o re p o w e rfu ( 3 0 % in th e c a s e o m e a s (a 1 7 0 u e s fo re u s e th a t th l th a n f p e a k

q u ir e th e tru m e n ts a re n o t g o in g t o y o u s h o u r if ic a tio n

u re d o n to a 0 F c a p a c it o r ) . r u s e w h e n lo w e r d a r e a ls o e g e n e r a to r is t h e E U T r e q u ir e s in r u s h c u r r e n ts ) . fte n b e e tio t c h re g e m n th a n s in

W h e n a lo w e r - p o w e r e d g e n e r a to r is u s e d , it m u s t b e a b le t o s o u r c e o r s in k a 3 0 % h ig h e r c u r r e n t th a n is d e m a n d e d b y th e E U T o r s o u r c e d b y it w h e n th e d .c . s u p p ly is s u d d e n ly r e d u c e d to z e r o . T h is a p p e a r s to b e th e c r it e r io n t h a t s h o u ld b e u s e d w h e n d e t e r m in in g t h e p e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t ( s o u r c e d o r s u n k ) r e q u ir e m e n t s f o r o u tp u t v o lta g e s a b o v e 1 1 0 V d .c . T h e d e ta ile d r e q u ir e m e n ts f o r in r u s h c u r r e n t ta k e u p q u ite a la r g e p r o p o r tio n o f t h e te s t g e n e r a t o r s p e c ific a t io n in E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 in C la u s e s 6 . 1 . 1 a n d 6 . 2 . 3 , a n d A n n e x B . A n n e x B d e s c r ib e s h o w t h e p e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t s h o u ld b e m e a s u r e d , w h e t h e r it is s o u r c e d ( s u p p lie d to th e E U T b y th e t e s t g e n e r a t o r ) , o r s u n k ( s u p p lie d t o th e te s t g e n e r a to r b y th e E U T , d u r in g a s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n t e s t ) .

E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 d o e s n o t s a y h o w o t h e g e n e r a t o r 's p e r f o r m a n c e s h o u ld v e r if ie d , b u t t h e im p lic a tio n o f t h e r e q u ir e m e n t to c h e c k th a t th e v o lta g le v e ls r e m a in w it h in 5 % o f s p e c if ic a w h e n d r iv in g t h e E U T is th a t t h e te s v o lt a g e s , a t le a s t, a r e v e r if ie d f o r e a E U T te s te d . W h e re a n E U T h a s m o o n e o p e r a t io n a l m o d e , t h e te s t v o lt a s h o u ld a ll b e v e r if ie d f o r e a c h o f t h e tu rn w h e n th e y a re te s te d .

E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 p r o v id e s t e s t g e n e r a t o r s p e c if ic a tio n s f o r w h e n it is t e s tin g f o r s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n s in h ig h im p e d a n c e m o d e d u r in g t h e in t e r r u p t io n t h e d . c . s o u r c e im p e d a n c e s h o u ld b e m o r e th a n 1 0 0 k W f o r v o lt a g e s u p t o t h r e e t im e s th e n o m in a l d . c . s u p p ly v o lt a g e . H ig h im p e d a n c e in t e r r u p t io n s t e s t s c o u ld c a u s e 'f ly b a c k ' v o lt a g e s t o b e g e n e r a t e d b y t h e E U T , s o th e t e s t g e n e r a t o r s h o u ld b e p r o te c te d fr o m b e in g d a m a g e d b y th e m . W h e r e t h e in t e r r u p tio n is p r o v id e d b y a n e le c t r o - m e c h a n ic a l r e la y o r c o n ta c t o r , its

V e r ify in g th e te s t s ig n a l g e n e r a to r
C la u s e 6 .2 o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 d e s c r ib e h o w t h e g e n e r a t o r 's c h a r a c t e r is t ic s a r e b e v e r if ie d . T h is is s im p ly d o n e u s in g c a lib r a t e d v o lt m e t e r s , a m m e t e r s ( o r c u r r e n t s h u n ts a n d v o ltm e te r s ) a n d s t o r a g e o s c illo s c o p e s ( e . g . a t y p ic a l 'd ig it a l' o s c illo s c o p e ) t o m e a s u r e o u t p u v o lt a g e s , s w itc h in g tim e s , in r u s h c u r r e a n d o u t p u t im p e d a n c e w h e n in h ig h im p e d a n c e m o d e . s to

t n ts ,

It is g o o d te s t la b p r a c tic e to v e r ify a te s t g e n e r a to r s e v e r a l t im e s in - b e t w e e n t h ir d p a r t y c a lib r a t io n s , in c r e a s in g t h e r a t e o f v e r if ic a tio n s if t h e te s t g e n e r a t o r is m o v e d ( e . g . f o r p o r t a b le u s e w h e n t e s t in g o n a c u s t o m e r s s it e in s te a d o f in th e la b o r a to r y ) . T h e b e s t t e s tin g p r a c t ic e s r e q u ir e th e te s t g e n e r a to r s p e r fo r m a n c e to b e v e r if ie d b e f o r e e a c h tim e a n E U T is t o b e t e s t e d . I t m a y b e r e a s o n a b le t o d e v is e a v e r ific a t io n t e s t t h a t is v e r y q u ic k a n d e a s y to d o , o r t o o n ly v e r if y a n u m b e r o f it s k e y p a ra m e te rs , a s a c h e c k th a t th e g e n e r a to r h a s n o t b e e n d a m a g e d s in c e it w a s la s t fu lly v e r if ie d o r c a lib r a te d .

1 7
S a f e t y N o t e : W h e n m e a s u r in g v o lta g c u r r e n ts , o n ly u s e p r o b e s a n d e q u ip m th a t h a v e b e e n a p p ro v e d b y a n in d e p e n d e n t s a fe ty te s tin g b o d y ( e .g . V D E , T U V , U L , C S A , e tc .) to a ll o f th e a p p r o p r ia te p a r ts o f E N 6 1 0 1 0 fo r th e a p p r o p r ia t e 'M e a s u r e m e n t C a t e g o r y ' ( p r e v io u s ly k n o w n a s 'O v e r v o lt a g e C a t e g o r y ' o r 'I n s t a lla t io n C a t e g o r y ') . M e a s u r e m e n t C a t e g o r y I I is t h e m in im r e q u ir e m e n t, a n d C a te g o r y III o r e v e n m a y b e r e q u ir e d fo r s a fe ty . e s o r e n t B S I, T h e E U T s h o u ld b e c o n n e c t e d in th e n o r m a l m a n n e r a n d o p e r a te d in a c c o r d a n c e w it h t h e a p p r o p r ia te p r o d u c t o r g e n e r ic s ta n d a r d . W h e r e n o p r o d u c t o r g e n e r ic s t a n d a r d a p p lie s , t h e E U T s h o u ld b e t e s t e d w h ils t b e in g o p e r a t e d in e a c h o f its m o d e s , c o n n e c te d to lo a d s a n d a u x ilia r y e q u ip m e n t a s a p p r o p r ia t e t o a llo w it t o o p e r a t e a s in t e n d e d . T h e E U T s h o u ld b e lo a d e d t o it s m a x im u m c o n t in u o u s r a tin g , w h e r e a p p r o p r ia te . It is p e r m is s ib le t o s im u la t e t h e a u x ilia r y e q u ip m e n t r e q u ir e d t o m a k e t h e E U T w o r k c o r r e c t ly if t h e m e t h o d u s e d w ill n o t a ff e c t t h e o u tc o m e o f th e te s t. R E O c a n c r e a te c u s to m lo a d s to m e e t a n y r e q u ir e m e n ts W e ll b e fo r e th e te s ts a r e b e g u n , th e f u n c t io n a l s p e c ific a t io n s f o r t h e e q u ip m e n t s h o u ld b e d e fin e d , a n d s e r io u s t h o u g h t s h o u ld b e g iv e n t o h o w to m o n ito r th e E U T 's p e r f o r m a n c e b o t h d u r in g a n d a f t e r t h e te s t s . T h e p e r f o r m a n c e m o n it o r in g s h o u ld a c h ie v e s u f fic ie n t le v e ls o f a c c u r a c y a n d r e p e a t a b ilit y t o b e s u r e w h e t h e r it s f u n c t io n a l s p e c ific a t io n s a r e a c t u a lly b e in g m e t . T h is h e lp s d e te r m in e in a d v a n c e w h e t h e r a n y s p e c ia l t e s t in g a r r a n g e m e n ts n e e d to b e o r g a n is e d , e q u ip m e n t h ir e d , s p e c ia l c a b le s a n d le a d s m a d e u p , e tc ., e tc . C la u s e 8 o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 r e q u ir e s th a t m o n it o r in g e q u ip m e n t is p r o v id e d t o m e a s u r e th e s ta tu s o f th e o p e r a tio n a l m o d e d u r in g a n d a f te r e a c h t e s t , a n d t o m e a s u r e t h e f u n c t io n a l p e r f o r m a n c e a f te r e a c h te s t . B u t c o m p ly in g s t r ic t ly w it h t h is r e q u ir e m e n t w o u ld n o t a llo w t h e f u n c t io n a l p e r fo r m a n c e to b e m o n ito r e d d u r in g a te s t m a k in g it im p o s s ib le t o m a k e a p a s s / fa il ju d g e m e n t f o r p e r f o r m a n c e c la s s ific a t io n a ) in c la u s e 9 ( s e e la t e r ) . I t w o u ld a ls o m a k e it d if f ic u lt t o c o m p ly w it h t h e r e q u ir e m e n t s f o r t h e t e s t r e p o r t lis t e d a s th e e ig h t h b u lle t p o in t in C la u s e 1 0 ( s e e la te r ) . S o th is b o o k le t r e c o m m e n d s in s te a d th a t w h e r e it is a r e q u ir e m e n t th a t t h e f u n c t io n a l p e r f o r m a n c e is n o t d e g r a d e d b y t h e n t h e E U T 's to o m u c h d u r in g a te s t m o n it o r in g e q u ip m e n t s h o u ld m e a s u r e b o t h t h e s t a t u s o f it s o p e r a t io n a l m o d e , a n d it s f u n c t io n a l p e r fo r m a n c e , w it h s u ffic ie n t a c c u r a c y b o th d u r in g a n d a fte r e a c h te s t. A n a c c r e d ite d te a b le to p r o v id e b ( c h e c k w it h t h e m e n o u g h t o t h e in im m u n ity te s ts . in s tr u m e n ts a r e s t la b o r a t o r y a s ic e le c tr ic f ir s t ) t h a t is flu e n c e s o f E B u t w h e re te p r o v id e d b y s h o u ld b e a l te s t g e a r im m u n e M C s t th e m a n u fa a n a ly s e e tc .) lo n tr y in g to te s t e q u b u r n in g ra te s . c tu r e r ( e .g . s ig n a l o r s , d is p la y s c r e e n s g p e r io d s o f tim e a d e c id e w h e t h e r it ip m e n t th a t is fa ilin m o n e y a t p r e m iu m

1 8
r d is to r tio n , c o m p u te rs , re o fte n s p e n t is th e E U T o r th e g , a ll th e w h ile te s t la b o r a to r y

u m IV

I f y o u d o n 't u n d e r s t a n d e x a c t ly w h a t t h e p r e v io u s p a r a g r a p h m e a n s , h a v e s o m e o n e w h o is q u a lif ie d a n d c o m p e t e n t in t h is a r e a s o r t it o u t f o r y o u . I n s o m e in s t a lla tio n s , s p e c ia l w o r k in g p r o c e d u r e s m a y b e r e q u ir e d . E le c tr ic a l a n d e le c tr o n ic e n g in e e r s a r e k ille d e v e r y y e a r b y a c c id e n ta l e le c tr ic s h o c k s d o n 't le t it b e y o u o r y o u r c o lle a g u e s !

A ls o , t e s t la b o r a to r ie s b o o k th e ir tim e w e e k s ( o r e v e n m o n th s ) in a d v a n c e , a llo c a t in g c u s t o m e r s t e s t in g t im e s lo t s th a t s h o u ld b e lo n g e n o u g h t o p e r f o r m th e r e q u ir e d t e s t s . W h e r e c u s t o m e r - s u p p lie d f u n c t io n a l t e s t e q u ip m e n t is u p s e t b y E M C im m u n ity te s t s , a n d n o q u ic k f ix e s s e e m t o w o r k , it is p o s s ib le t o r u n o u t o f t im e t r y in g t o f ix t h e s u s c e p tib ilit y o f t h e te s t e q u ip m e n t , t h e n h a v in g to w a it a fe w w e e k s ( m a y b e m o n t h s ) u n t il a n o th e r t im e s lo t c a n b e b o o k e d to te s t th e e q u ip m e n t.

T h e te s t s e t-u p
T h e t e s t s e t- u p is s p e c if ie d in C la u s e 7 a n d A n n e x A o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 , a n d is v e r y s im p le . B a s ic a lly , t h e d .c . p o w e r o u tp u t fr o m th e te s t g e n e r a to r is c o n n e c te d to th e d .c p o w e r in p u t o f t h e E U T u s in g a v e r y s h o r t p o w e r c a b le . W h e r e th e E U T m a n u f a c t u r e r s p e c if ie s t h e s h o r t e s t p o w e r c a b le le n g t h , t h e n t h is is t h e le n g th th a t s h o u ld b e u s e d . O t h e r w is e , t h e c a b le le n g th s h o u ld b e th e s h o r t e s t p o s s i b l e

T e s t c o n d itio n s , te s t p la n a n d te s t e x e c u tio n
C la u s e 8 .1 .1 o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 s ta te s th a t te s ts c a n b e c a r r ie d o u t u n d e r a n y c lim a tic c o n d it io n s , a s lo n g a s t h e r e is n o c o n d e n s a t io n o n t h e E U T a n d t h e c o n d it io n s a r e w it h in t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s ' s p e c if ic a tio n s f o r t h e E U T a n d t h e t e s t e q u ip m e n t . P r o d u c t a n d g e n e r ic s t a n d a r d s c o m m it te e s c a n im p o s e c lim a tic c o n d it io n s w h e n th e y c a ll u p th is b a s ic te s t s ta n d a r d , if t h e y b e lie v e t h e y c a n a f fe c t t h e t e s t r e s u lt s . C la u s e 8 . 1 . 2 s a y s t h a t t h e e le c t r o m a g n e t ic ( E M ) e n v ir o n m e n t in w h ic h t h e te s t is b e in g c o n d u c te d s h o u ld n o t b e s o s e v e r e a s to in t e r f e r e w it h t h e E U T a n d in flu e n c e t h e t e s t r e s u lt s . E M C te s t la b o r a t o r ie s s h o u ld e x p e r ie n c e n o p r o b le m s w it h t h is r e q u ir e m e n t , b u t w h e n p e r f o r m in g t h e te s t in o t h e r lo c a t io n s in t e r fe r e n c e m ig h t b e a p o s s ib ility . H o w t o d e a l w it h in t e r f e r e n c e a t t h e te s t in g lo c a t io n is d is c u s s e d in a la t e r s e c tio n .

l e n g t h s u i t a b l e f o r t h e E U T 's i n t e n d e d a p p lic a tio n . .

B e c a u s e t h is t e s t d o e s n o t u s f r e q u e n c ie s ( R F ) it is p o s s ib le a n y w h e r e , w it h a lm o s t a n y v a p h y s ic a l a r r a n g e m e n t s , a n d s c o r r e c t r e s u lt s . T h is m a k e s it is e a s y a n d lo w - c o s t f o r a m a p e r f o r m , s in c e it d o e s n o t n e e r o o m s , a n e c h o ic c h a m b e r s , c g e a r , o r te s t e n g in e e r s w h o h

e r a d io to p e r fo r m it r ie t y o f till a c h ie v e a te s t th a t it n u fa c tu re r to d s h ie ld e d o s tly R F te s t a v e R F s k ills .

M o n ito r in g th e E U T fo r p e r fo r m a n c e d e g r a d a tio n d u r in g th e te s ts
T h e a llo s p e L a c e v a 6 1 0 fu n c tio n a l p e r fo r w e d d u r in g a n d a c if ie d b y p r o d u c t k in g t h e s e , t h e r e lu a t e d a c c o r d in g 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 ( s e e la t e m a fte o r s u to r). n c e d e g r a d a t io n r th e te s ts m a y b e g e n e r ic s ta n d a r d s . lt s s h o u ld b e c la u s e 9 o f E N

1 9
C la u s e 8 .2 r e q u ir e s a te s t p la n to b e p r e p a r e d b e f o r e s ta r t in g t o t e s t a n E U T s o m e o f th e o th e r b a s ic te s t s ta n d a r d s th e E N /IE C 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 s e r ie s a te s t p la n o p t io n a l, b u t in t h is c a s e it is a r e q u ir e m e n t . T h e te s t p la n s h a ll ( a t le a s p e c if y . In in is s t) T h e o u tp u t o f th e te s t g e n e r a to r s h o u ld b e m o n it o r e d d u r in g e a c h t e s t w ith a n a c c u ra c y b e tte r th a n 2 % w h ic h w ill r e q u ir e a s t o r a g e o s c illo s c o p e t o b e a b le t o m e a s u r e t h e v o lt a g e s d u r in g t h e d ip s a n d s h o r t in te r r u p tio n s , b e c a u s e a m e te r w o u ld ta k e to o lo n g to r e s p o n d . E N 6 1 0 0 0 4 - 2 9 d o e s n o t s a y w h a t s h o u ld b e d o n e if t h e te s t v o lt a g e g o e s o u t s id e th e s p e c if ie d lim it s f o r t h e t e s t g e n e r a t o r , b u t t h is b o o k le t a s s u m e s t h a t th e in t e n t io n is t o c a n c e l th e t e s t if t h is o c c u r s , a n d t o g e t t h e te s t g e n e r a to r r e p a ir e d b e fo r e it is u s e d a g a in . E x a m p le o f a fu ll s e q u e n c e o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 te s ts ( n o t d r a w n to s c a le )

2 0

T h e t e s t le v e ls a n d th e ir d u r a t io n s th a t a r e to b e a p p lie d t o t h e E U T T h e r e p r e s e n ta tiv e o p e r a tin g c o n d it io n s o f t h e E U T d u r in g t h e a b o v e t e s ts ( r e m e m b e r in g t h a t e a c h o f t h e E U T 's o p e r a t io n a l m o d e a r e t o b e te s te d ) T h e a u x ilia r y e q u ip m e n t r e q u ir e d t o o p e r a t e t h e E U T t o s im u la t e n o r m a l o p e r a t io n ( f o r e a c h o f t h e E U T s o p e r a t io n a l m o d e s ) A ll p o w e r s u p f u n c t io n a l e le a p p lie d w it h in b o o k le t r e c o m a c h ie v e d a n d r e c o r d e d in t h p ly , c tr ic th e m e v e r e te s ig n a l a n d a l q u a n t it ie ir r a te d r a n n d s th a t h o if ie d s h o u ld s t p la n . o th e r s s h o u ld b e g e s , a n d t h is w th is is to b e a ls o b e

T h e te s t p ro c e d u re
T h e t e s t p r o c e d u r e is v e r y s im p le : o n c e t h e E U T a n d t h e ( v e r if ie d ) t e s t g e n e r a t o r a r e s e t u p a s d e s c r ib e d a b o v e , a n d th e e q u ip m e n t r e q u ir e d t o m o n it o r t h e o p e r a t io n o f t h e E U T is in p la c e , th e E U T is o p e r a te d in e a c h o f it s n o r m a l m o d e s o f o p e r a t io n , f u lly lo a d e d a n d c o n n e c t e d t o a u x ilia r y e q u ip m e n t t h a t s im u la t e s it s r e a llif e a p p lic a t io n s , a n d t h e t e s ts a r e a p p lie d a s d e s c r ib e d e a r lie r . W h e re th e re a re s e v e ra l m o d e s o f o p e r a t io n , t h e t e s t s a r e r e p e a te d f o r e a c h m o d e , u n le s s th e r e is a g o o d te c h n ic a l r e a s o n w h y t h is is n o t n e c e s s a r y . F o r e x a m p le , a d .c . p o w e r e d v a r ia b le s p e e d m o t o r d r iv e m a y n e e d t o b e r e t e s t e d if it c a n b e u s e d in d iff e r e n t s p e e d c o n t r o l m o d e s ( e .g . o p e n - lo o p , ta c h o fe e d b a c k o r 'v e c t o r ') . I f a n y t e s t s a r e n o t c a r r ie d o u t f o r g o o d t e c h n ic a l r e a s o n s , th e r e a s o n s s h o u ld b e r e c o r d e d in t h e te s t r e p o r t . V o lta g c a u s e th e E U th e s e in te r fe e d ip s o r s h o r t in t e r r u p tr a n s ie n t o v e r v o lta g e s T 's m a in s in p u t t e r m in c a n s o m e tim e s b e a c a re n c e . E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 t io n s c a n to a p p e a r a t a ls , a n d u s e o f r e q u ir e s s u c h

T h is b o o k le t a ls o r e c o m m e n d s th a t t h e e q u ip m e n t u s e d f o r m o n it o r in g t h e E U T 's p e r fo r m a n c e d u r in g a n d a fte r th e te s ts is a ls o lis t e d in th e t e s t p la n , a lo n g w it h a d e s c r ip tio n o f h o w it is to b e s e t - u p a n d u s e d a n d a n e x p la n a tio n o f h o w th e m e a s u r e m e n t u n c e r t a in tie s h a v e b e e n d e a lt to b e a b le t o d e te r m in e w h e t h e r t h e f u n c t io n a l p e r f o r m a n c e s p e c if ic a t io n ( s e e la te r ) h a s b e e n a c h ie v e d o r n o t. It is a p la n te s tin a h e a t im e w h ils ra te s lw a y s w e ll b e g a n d d o f tim s o r tin g t p a y in . a g fo r m o e . o u g p o o d id e e h a n d , n ito r in g T h is h e t u n fo re r e m iu m a to to h re q lp s s e e te s c re a te a te s t e lp id e n t if y u ir e m e n ts t o a v o id w a s t in g n p r o b le m s t la b o r a t o r y

tr a n s ie n ts to b e m o n ito r e d a n d r e c o r d e d in t h e t e s t r e p o r t , b u t d o e s n o t r e q u ir e a n y a c t io n t o b e t a k e n o n t h e m . A t e s t g e n e r a to r w ith r is e /fa ll tim e s n e a r to 1 s is m u c h m o r e lik e ly to c a u s e h ig h le v e ls o f tr a n s ie n t o v e r v o lta g e th a n o n e w h ic h is c lo s e r to 5 0 s . N o te th a t th is m a y r e s u lt in s ig n ific a n t d iffe r e n c e s b e tw e e n th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f e q u ip m e n t o n t h is t e s t w h e n t e s t e d w it h d if f e r e n t m o d e ls o f t e s t g e n e ra to r, e v e n w h e n th e g e n e ra to rs a re a ll 'f u lly c o m p lia n t w it h E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 '.

b )

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E v a lu a tio n o f th e te s t r e s u lts
C la u s e 9 o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 r e E U T 's f u n c t io n a l p e r f o r m a n c e a fte r e a c h te s t to b e a s s e s s e d p e r f o r m a n c e s p e c if ic a tio n s d e m a n u fa c tu re r (o r th e p e rs o n w re q u e s te d th e te s t). It re c o m m t h e r e s u lt s a r e c la s s ifie d a c c o f o llo w in g s c h e m e q u ir e s th e d u r in g a n d a g a in s t f in e d b y it s h o e n d s th a t r d in g to th e

T e m p o r a r y lo s s o f fu n c tio n o r d e g r a d a t io n o f p e r f o r m a n c e w h ic h c e a s e s a f te r th e d is tu r b a n c e c e a s a n d fr o m w h ic h th e E U T r e c o v e r s n o r m a l p e r f o r m a n c e , w it h o u t o p e r in te r v e n tio n ; T e m p o r a r y lo s s o f fu n c tio n o r d e g r a d a t io n o f p e r f o r m a n c e , t h e c o r r e c tio n o f w h ic h r e q u ir e s o p e r a in te r v e n tio n ; L o s s o f fu n c tio n o r d e g r a d a t io n o f p e r fo r m a n c e th a t is n o t r e c o v e r a b o w in g t o d a m a g e to h a r d w a r e o r s o ftw a r e , o r lo s s o f d a ta .

e s , its a to r

to r le ,

a ) N o r m a l p e r f o r m a n c e w it h in t h e lim it s s p e c if ie d b y t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r , re q u e s to r o r p u rc h a s e r;

T h is c la s s ific a t io n is o f f e r e d b y E N 6 1 0 0 0 4 - 2 9 a s a g u id e to im m u n it y s ta n d a r d s c o m m it te e s if th e y c a ll u p t h is b a s ic t e s t m e t h o d in th e ir p r o d u c t o r g e n e r ic s t a n d a r d s . It is v e r y s im ila r t o t h e 'P e r f o r m a n c e C r it e r ia ' A , B , C ( a n d s o m e tim e s D ) a lr e a d y c o m m o n ly u s e d in p r o d u c t im m u n ity s t a n d a r d s , w h ic h fir s t a p p e a r e d in t h e g e n e r ic im m u n it y s ta n d a rd s .

O n -s ite te s tin g

2 1
D e te r m in in g a P A S S o r a F A IL B e in g a b a s ic te s t m e th o d s ta n d a r d , E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 c a n n o t s p e c if y h o w t o d e te r m in e w h e th e r a n E U T h a s p a s s e d o r f a ile d it s te s t s b u t s e llin g a e q u ip m e n t w ith a d a t a s h e e t t h a t s a y s it a c h ie v e s c la s s ific a t io n d ) ( s e e a b o v e ) is p o t e n t ia lly m is le a d in g to a n u n in fo r m e d p u r c h a s e r , a n d a jo k e t o a n y p u r c h a s e r w h o is fa m ilia r w ith t h e s t a n d a r d . I n a n y c a s e , c la s s if ic a t io n d ) c o u ld n e v e r b e a s s o c ia t e d w it h a P A S S r e s u lt. S o m e o f t h e d . c . v o lt a g e te s te d b y E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 t o o c c u r f a ir ly f r e q u e n t ly , a p p lic a tio n . I n th e s e c a s e c la s s ific a t io n s a ) , b ) o r c ) a c c e p ta b le fo r a P A S S r e r e p o r t ( s e e b e lo w ) . d is m d e s , m s u tu rb a n c e s ig h t b e e x p e c t e d p e n d in g o n t h e p e rfo rm a n c e ig h t b e lt in th e t e s t T e s t re p o rt C la u s e 1 0 o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 d e s c r ib e s w h a t is r e q u ir e d t o b e in c lu d e d in th e t e s t r e p o r t , a s f o llo w s : T h e it e m s s p e c if ie d in t h e te s t p la n ( s e e a b o v e ) I d e n t ific a t io n o f th e E U T a n d a n y a s s o c ia t e d e q u ip m e n t , e . g . b r a n d n a m e , p r o d u c t ty p e , s e r ia l n u m b e r I d e n t ific a t io n o f th e t e s t e q u ip m e n t , e . g . b ra n d n a m e , p r o d u c t t y p e , s e r ia l n u m b e r A n y s p e c ia l e n v ir o n m e n t a l c o n d itio n s in w h ic h th e t e s t w a s p e r f o r m e d , e .g . in s id e a s h ie ld e d e n c lo s u r e A n y s p e c if ic c o n d itio n s n e c e s s a r y e n a b le th e te s t to b e p e r fo r m e d to A n e x o r c o a c y s p e c if ic a m p le c a b g r o u n d in g n d it io n s , w h ie v e c o m c o n d itio n le le n g th , o r E U T h ic h a r e p lia n c e o f u s e , o r ty p e , o p e r a tin r e q u ir e d fo r s h ie ld in g g to

2 2
O n - s it e t e s t in g t o E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 is a s e a s y to d o t e s t in g in a n E M C te s t la b o r a to r y . T h e o n ly r e q u ir e m e n ts a r e th a t t h e c lim a t ic c o n d it io n s a r e s u it a b le f o r t h e E U T , a u x ilia r y e q u ip m e n t a n d te s t e q u ip m e n t ; a n d th a t t h e E M e n v ir o n m e n t is n o t s o s e v e r e t h a t it in te r f e r e s w it h t h e E U T ( m a k in g it d if fic u lt t o t e ll w h e t h e r it is t h e e n v ir o n m e n t o r th e t e s t t h a t is c a u s in g t h e fu n c t io n a l p e r f o r m a n c e t o g o o u t o f s p e c if ic a tio n ) . I t is a ls o v e r y im p o r t a n t to e n s u r e th a t o n s ite te s ts d o n o t c a u s e in te r fe r e n c e , a n d t h is is th e s u b je c t o f th e n e x t s e c t io n .

D o n 't f o r g e t t h a t C la u t h e t e s t g e n e r a t o r 's o m o n it o r e d d u r in g t h e r e p o r t s h o u ld in c lu d e t h a t t h is w a s d o n e , a r e s u lt s . A n d c la u s e 8 tr a n s ie n t o v e r v o lta g e E U T 's m a in s in p u t t o te s t r e p o r t, a lth o u g h t h e lis t in C la u s e 1 0 .

s e 8 .2 r e q u ir e s th a t u tp u t v o lta g e is te s t, s o th e te s t s o m e th in g to s h o w n d s o m e th in g o n its .2 .1 r e q u ir e s a n y s a p p e a r in g a t t h e b e r e c o r d e d in th e t h is d o e s n 't a p p e a r in

E q u ip m e n t e x p e c t e d to o p e r a t e a u t o m a t ic a lly a n d u n a t t e n d e d f o r s e v e r a l h o u r s o r lo n g e r w o u ld p r o b a b ly h a v e t o a c h ie v e a ) o r b ) fo r a P A S S . B u t if t h e e q u ip m e n t w a s a lw a y s u s e d b y a n o p e r a t o r , it m ig h t b e p o s s ib le t o c la im a P A S S r e s u lt w h e n its p e r fo r m a n c e o n th e im m u n ity te s ts w a s c ) u n le s s t h e y c o u ld b e s o v e r y u n s k ille d t h a t th e y c o u ld n o t b e e x p e c t e d t o k n o w h o w to r e s to r e n o r m a l o p e r a tio n in w h ic h c a s e a ) o r b ) w o u ld b e r e q u ir e d . If th n o n u n d if th b ) o e c o n s e - fu n c tio e s ir a b le e c o n s e r c ) m ig q u n a , a q u h t e n lity ) m e n b e c e s o w e re ig h t c e s w c o n s f m o m e n ta ry e rr c o n s id e r e d to b b e t h e o n ly o p t io e r e a c c e p t a b le , id e r e d a P A S S . o rs o r e v e ry n . B u t th e n

T h e p e r f o r m a n c e le v e l( s ) d e f in e d b y t h e m a n u fa c tu re r, th e re q u e s to r o f th e te s t, o r th e p u rc h a s e r T h e p e r f o r m a n c e c r it e r io n s p e c if ie d in t h e g e n e r ic , p r o d u c t o r p r o d u c t - f a m ily s t a n d a r d . ( H o w e v e r , w h e r e t h is t e s t w a s n o t p e r fo r m e d b e c a u s e it w a s c a lle d - u p b y a g e n e r ic , p r o d u c t o r p r o d u c t - f a m ily s ta n d a rd t h is b o o k le t r e c o m m e n d s t h a t t h e p e r f o r m a n c e c r it e r ia d e f in e d b y th e m a n u fa c tu re r, p u rc h a s e r, o r a n y o th e r p e rs o n w h o re q u e s te d th e te s t b e d e t a ile d in s te a d . ) A n o r d is th e y e ffe c ts o n a fte r th e tu rb a n c e s , s e e ffe c ts p r a t io n a le e d o n th e if ie d in t h u c t - f a m ily e e n th e m h a s e r) th e E U a p p lic a n d th e e r s is t e fo r th e p e rfo r e g e n e s ta n d a n u fa T o b s e r v e d d u r in g a tio n o f th e te s t d u r a tio n fo r w h ic h d s s /fa il d e c is io n n c e c r it e r io n , p ro d u c t o r , o r a g re e d re r a n d th e

I t a ls o is a g o o d id e a t o in c lu d e d e t a ils o f t h e te s t g e n e r a t o r v e r ific a t io n ( s e e a b o v e ) in t h e r e p o r t , p lu s a ju d g e m e n t o n w h e t h e r t h e te s t g e n e r a t o r w a s f u n c t io n in g c o r r e c tly , e ith e r in th e E M C T e s t R e p o r t o r in s o m e o th e r Q A c o n t r o lle d d o c u m e n t. T h is is s o th a t y e a r s la te r , w h e n a ll th e p e r s o n n e l h a v e c h a n g e d , it c a n s till b e d is c o v e r e d w h e t h e r a p a r tic u la r te s t h a d b e e n d o n e w it h a fu lly w o r k in g g e n e r a t o r .

A lt h o u g 2 9 , it is F A IL re u n s a fe s m o k e a n y t h in e v e n if in th e a

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n o t m e n tio n u g g e s te d in r e c o r d e d if a n y o f th e s o u r, o r o th e is c le a r ly u n u e c o n c e rn p e rfo rm a n c

e d in E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 t h is b o o k le t t h a t a th e E U T b e c o m e s e te s ts , e m its a n y r w is e d is p la y s a c c e p t a b le e d is n o t c o v e r e d e s p e c if ic a t io n .

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2 3
I m p o r t a n t S a f e t y N o t e : D o n 't f o r g e t t h a t in t e r f e r e n c e , e s p e c ia lly w it h a ir c r a f t o r o th e r v e h ic u la r s y s te m s , s o m e m a c h in e r y o r p r o c e s s c o n t r o l s y s t e m s , a n d im p la n t e d e le c t r o n ic d e v ic e s s u c h a s p a c e m a k e r s , c a n h a v e le t h a l c o n s e q u e n c e s a n d a p p r o p r ia te p r e c a u t io n s m u s t b e ta k e n t o m a k e s u r e t h a t n o b o d y 's s a f e t y is c o m p r o m is e d b y E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 te s tin g . It is a ls o a g o o d id e a t o ta k e p r e c a u t io n s w h e r e t h e r e is a p o s s ib ility o f s ig n if ic a n t f in a n c ia l lo s s b e in g c a u s e d b y in t e r f e r e n c e d u r in g o n - s it e t e s t in g . W h e n n o t u s in g te s t g e n e r a to c o m m e r c ia lly a v a ila b le f r o m w E M C t e s t e q u ip m e n t m a n u f a c p r o g r a m m a b le d .c . p o w e r s u p s w it c h - m o d e p o w e r c o n v e r s io h a v e th e p o t e n t ia l t o e m it s ig n a m o u n t s o f R F n o is e f r o m t h e in p u ts a n d /o r d .c . o u tp u t c o n n m ig h t in te r fe r e w ith th e E U T o a u x ilia r y e q u ip m e n t. rs e ll- k n o tu re rs , p lie s t h n te c h n if ic a n t ir a . c . m e c t io n s r th e w n a t u s e iq u e s a in s , th a t A n e x a m p le o f a lo w -c o s t s h ie ld e d te n t
(c o u r te s y o f H ite k E le c tr o n ic M a te r ia ls L td )

2 4
A s e le c tio n o f ty p ic a l R E O A C s u p p lie s F ilte r s fo r C S 2 5 B 2 0 0 0 a t 7 0 0 M H z , a n d C S 2 0 B a t 2 . 4 5 G H z . D o n 't f o r g e t t h a t f o r a s h ie ld e d t e n t ( o r o t h e r e n c lo s u r e , s u m e s h o v e r a w o o d e n fra m e w o rk ) to e ff e c t iv e u s u a lly r e q u ir e s a s h ie ld e d t h a t is jo in e d t o t h e w a lls a ll a r o u n d e d g e s . I t m ig h t n o t b e e n o u g h t o s im d r a p e a f iv e - s id e d s h ie ld in g t e n t ( o r s tru c tu re ) o v e r th e E U T . I f w o r k in g o n e x p o s e d liv e e q u ip m e n is o la tin g tr a n s fo r m e r m a y b e a b le to u s e d to h e lp r e d u c e e le c tr ic s h o c k h a z a r d s . I t is b e s t t o c h o o s e s p e c ia l is o la tio n ' ty p e s o f tr a n s fo r m e r s , w h ic h a v e a v e r y lo w v a lu e o f p r im a r y - t o s e c o n d a r y c a p a c it a n c e ; p lu s c h o o s e t r a n s f o r m e r s t h a t a r e r a te d f o r t h e lik s u r g e le v e ls ( a t le a s t 6 k V , u s in g t h e 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 5 te s t m e th o d ) to h e lp e n s u s a fe ty . H ig h u s e d in je c n e tw - is o to tin g o rk la t io n h e lp p n o is e o f th e 2 0 0 0 c h a s b e b a s e its p ly m e s h t, a n b e h 'h ig h E x a m p le s o f R E O is o la tin g tr a n s fo r m e r s

e ly IE C re

O f c o u r s e , t h e E U T m u s t o p e r a t e p r o p e r ly in t h e f ir s t p la c e , a n d if t e s tin g o n a s it e th a t s u ffe r s fr o m h ig h le v e ls o f E M d is t u r b a n c e s it m a y b e n e c e s s a r y t o u s e f ilt e r in g a n d s h ie ld in g t e c h n iq u e s t o b e a b le to d is tin g u is h th e e ffe c ts o f th e a m b ie n t n o is e fr o m th e e ffe c ts o f th e te s t. S im ila r ly , w h e r e t h e R F n o is e e m is s io n s ( c o n d u c te d o r r a d ia te d ) fr o m th e te s t g e n e r a to r it s e lf m ig h t in t e r f e r e w it h th e E U T , a u x ilia r y e q u ip m e n t, o t h e r t e s t g e a r o r a n y o t h e r e q u ip m e n t , it m a y b e n e c e s s a r y t o u s e f ilt e r in g a n d s h ie ld in g t e c h n iq u e s t o p r e v e n t t h is f r o m h a p p e n in g . I f e it h e r o f t h e a b o th e re a re a n u m b e to b e ta k e n in to a c in te r fe r in g fr e q u e n f ilt e r in g a n d s h ie ld d e s c r ib e d in [ 6 ]. v e r o c o c ie in g s itu a tio n s a r is e s , f is s u e s th a t w ill n e e d u n t to s u p p re s s th e s e f f e c tiv e ly . S u it a b le t e c h n iq u e s a r e

t r a n s f o r m e r s m a y a ls o b e re v e n t E M C te s ts fro m in t o t h e m a in s d is t r ib u t io n r e s t o f a s ite .

R E O is o la tin g tr a n s fo r m e r w ith lo w p r im a r y to s e c o n d a r y c a p a c ita n c e s

I m p o r t a n t S a f e t y N o t e : A lw a y s t a k e a ll s a fe ty p r e c a u tio n s w h e n w o r k in g w ith h a z a r d o u s v o lta g e s , s u c h a s v o lta g e s a b o v e 2 5 V R M S a .c . o r 3 5 V p e a k o r d .c .. If y o u a r e n o t s u r e a b o u t a ll o f th e s e p r e c a u tio n s o b t a in a n d f o llo w t h e g u id a n c e o f a q u a lif ie d a n d c o m p e te n t e le c t r ic a l h e a lth a n d s a f e t y a t w o r k p e r s o n . W h e n c o n s tr u c t in g e q u ip m e n t t h a t e m p lo y s h a z a r d o u s v o lt a g e s , a lw a y s f u lly a p p ly t h e la t e s t v e r s io n s o f a ll r e le v a n t p a r t s o f t h e E N / I E C 6 1 0 1 0 s e r ie s , a t le a s t.

I t m a y b e p o s s ib le to s h ie ld th e s y s t e m b e in g t e s t e d fr o m in c o m in g o r o u tg o in g R F w ith a s h ie ld e d t e n t, a n d f ilt e r e a c h o f t h e c a b le s e n te r in g o r le a v in g t h e t e n t a t le a s t w ith a la r g e fe r r it e c la m p o r n u m b e r o f s m a ll c lip - o n fe r r it e c la m p s , p la c e d a t t h e p o in t w h e r e t h e c a b le p e n e t r a t e s t h e t e n t . F e r r is h ie ld , I n c . m a k e s o m e v e r y la r g e fe r r ite s fo r th is p u r p o s e : th e ir C S 2 8 B 2 0 0 0 h a s its p e a k im p e d a n c e a t 3 0 0 M H z ,

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2 5
A b ig p r o b le m w it h w a r r a n ty c la im s a n d f ie ld s e r v ic e is t h e 'n o - f a u lt - f o u n d ' c u s t o m e r re tu rn . M a n y m a n u fa c tu re rs s p e n d c o n s id e r a b le a m o u n ts o f m o n e y t r y in g t o k e e p th e ir c u s t o m e r s h a p p y , d e s p it e n o t k n o w in g w h a t th e c a u s e o f th e p r o b le m is . M a n y n o - f a u lt - f o u n d p r o b le m s a p p e a r t o b e c a u s e d b y in a d e q u a t e im m u n it y , b u t in te r fe r e n c e e v e n ts c a n b e h a r d to r e p e a t, a n d n o t m a n y p e o p le k n o w e n o u g h a b o u t E M C t o e v e n th in k o f t h is p o s s ib le c a u s e , m u c h le s s c o r r e c t ly id e n t if y s u c h p r o b le m s . T h e f in a n c ia l r e w a r d s o f p r o d u c in g e q u ip m e n t w it h a d e q u a t e im m u n it y c a n b e v e r y g r e a t in d e e d , a s o n e U K m a n u f a c tu r e r d is c o v e r e d w h e n t h e y s p e n t 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 o n r e d e s ig n in g t h e ir p r o d u c t s t o c o m p ly w it h t h e n e w is s u e s o f t h e E M C D ir e c t iv e 's im m u n ity s t a n d a r d s a r o u n d m id - 2 0 0 1 , a n d f o u n d to th e ir c o m p le t e s u r p r is e t h a t t h e ir n e w d e s ig n s s a v e d t h e m 2 . 7 m illio n in w a rra n ty c o s ts p e r y e a r. B u t f u lly c o m p ly in g w it h a n y o r a ll o f t h e im m u n ity te s t s ta n d a r d s lis te d u n d e r th e E M C D ir e c t iv e , o r in t h e IE C s t a n d a r d s c a t a lo g u e , d o e s n o t n e c e s s a r ily e n s u r e g o o d e n o u g h p e r f o r m a n c e in r e a l lif e t o a c h ie v e c o m p lia n c e w it h t h e E M C D ir e c t iv e 's P r o t e c t io n R e q u ir e m e n t s ( s e e e a r lie r ) o r t o a c h ie v e s u f f ic ie n t c o n f id e n c e in f in a n c ia l r is k s o r s a f e t y . S o a d d itio n a l a n d /o r to u g h e r E M im m u n ity t e s ts m a y n e e d t o b e a p p lie d to a e q u ip m e n t , b a s e d u p o n t h e r e a l- lif e E M e n v ir o n m e n t ( s ) it c o u ld b e e x p o s e d t o . T h is c o n c e p t is s o m e t im e s c a lle d 'T e s t A s R e a l L if e ' ( T A R L ) , a n d it is v it a l w h e r e h ig h r e lia b ilit y is r e q u ir e d fo r w h a te v e r r e a s o n . I n s o m e a p p lic a t io n s it w ill b e n e c e s s a r y t o b a s e th e te s t p ro g ra m m e o n th e e q u ip m e n t 's f o r e s e e a b le E M e n v ir o n m e n t ( s ) o v e r its w h o le life t im e [4 ] . T h is is t o o la r g e a s u b je c t to d is c u s s h e r e re fe r to [7 ] [8 ] [9 ] [1 0 ] a n d [1 1 ]. I f t h e m o d ifie d o r a d d it io n a l t e s t s c a n b a s e d o n c a lc u la t io n s b a s e d o n k n o w c h a r a c t e r is t ic s o f t h e in t e n d e d m a in s p o w e r s u p p ly n e tw o r k , o r o n m e a s u r e m e n ts o f th e in te n d e d o p e r a s it e s o v e r a lo n g e n o u g h p e r io d t o c a t h e r a n g e o f u n b a la n c e th a t c a n o c c u w ill h e lp a v o id b o th u n d e r - e n g in e e r in o v e r - e n g in e e r in g . b e n tio n a l p tu re r , th is g a n d m e m o r y ( o r u s e u p a ll o f its p a p e r ) r e c o r d in g t o o - d e t a ile d d a t a . I f y o u a r e n o t s k ille d in t h e s e m a t t e r s , a n d if y o u d o n t w a n t to s p e n d t im e a n d m o n e y g o in g th r o u g h a le a r n in g c u r v e in s t e a d o f h ir in g p o w e r q u a lit y m o n it o r in g e q u ip m e n t fr o m o n e o f th e m a n y c o m p a n ie s th a t p r o v id e it h ir e a p o w e r q u a lit y c o n s u lta n t in s te a d a n d h a v e h im /h e r d o t h e w o r k u s in g t h e ir o w n e q u ip m e n t , a n a ly s e t h e r e s u lts a n d p r o d u c e a r e p o r t . S a f e ty N o t e : W h e n m e a s u r in g v o lt a g e c u r r e n ts , o n ly u s e p r o b e s a n d e q u ip m t h a t a r e p r o v e n t o c o m p ly w it h t h e a p p r o p r ia te p a r ts o f E N 6 1 0 1 0 fo r th e a p p r o p r ia t e 'M e a s u r e m e n t C a t e g o r y ' ( p r e v io u s ly k n o w n a s 'O v e r v o lt a g e C a t e g o r y ' o r 'I n s t a lla t io n C a t e g o r y ') . M e a s u r e m e n t C a t e g o r y I I is t h e m in im r e q u ir e m e n t, a n d C a te g o r y III o r e v e n m a y b e r e q u ir e d fo r s a fe ty . s o r e n t T h u n a p p o e p ro d e r th p ly t h w e r s F a C o a m w a R a m o (to S u fo r d u c e E e fo u p p t a M llo ly C

2 6
n d g e n e r ic s ta n d a r d s lis te d D ir e c tiv e w ill g e n e r a lly w in g im m u n it y te s t s t o d . c . in p u t s , 0 -4 -4 ) in e

B u t if t h e k n o w le d g e r e q u ir e d f o r r e a s o n a b ly a c c u r a te T A R L c a n n o t b e o b t a in e d , t h e m a n u f a c t u r e r s h o u ld d e c id e h o w f a r t o g o w it h m o d if ie d o r a d d itio n a l u n b a la n c e t e s t in g , b a s e d u p o n t h e ir s e n s it iv ity t o w a r r a n t y c o s t s a n d c u s t o m e r p e r c e p t io n s o f t h e ir p r o d u c t . T h e a u t h o r k n o w s a la r g e a n d v e r y s u c c e s s fu l m a n u f a c t u r e r o f d o m e s t ic a p p lia n c e s w h o s e E M C te s tin g g o e s w a y b e y o n d w h a t is r e q u ir e d f o r c o m p lia n c e w it h t h e E M C D ir e c t iv e . T h e r e a s o n th e y g iv e f o r t h is is th a t t h e ir in d u s tr y is h ig h ly c o m p e t it iv e s o t h e ir p r o f it m a r g in s a r e v e r y s m a ll, s o t h e y c a n n o t a f fo r d t o h a v e a n y w a r r a n t y c la im s a t a ll, it is m u c h m o r e c o s t - e f f e c t iv e f o r th e m to im p r o v e t h e E M d e s ig n o f t h e ir a p p lia n c e s , e v e n t h o u g h t h is a d d s to th e ir m a n u fa c t u r in g c o s t s , to re d u c e w a rra n ty c o s ts . I f it is s u s p e c te d t h a t d . c . v o lt a g e d ip s , in t e r r u p t io n s a n d v a r ia t io n s a r e a c a u s e o f f a ilu r e s in t h e f ie ld , a s u r v e y w it h a p p r o p r ia te p o w e r q u a lity m e a s u r in g in s tr u m e n ts c a n d is c o v e r w h a t e v e n ts a r e o c c u r r in g a n d w h e r e th e y a r e b e in g g e n e ra te d . T h e s e m a y n e e d to b e d a ta lo g g in g in s t r u m e n t s t h a t c a n b e le ft f o r d a y s (m a y b e w e e k s ) u n a tte n d e d a n d a u t o m a t ic a lly r e c o r d d e t a ils o f th e v o lta g e c h a n g e s th a t h a v e o c c u rre d o v e r th a t p e r io d . A p r o b le m w it h a n y a u t o m a t ic p o w e r q u a lity m o n it o r in g e q u ip m e n t is t h a t if it is n o t s e t u p c o r r e c t ly , it w ill s o o n f ill its

s t tr a n s ie n t b u r s ts ( to E N 6 1 0 0 n d u c te d R F 1 5 0 k H z to 8 0 M H z p lit u d e m o d u la t e d w ith 1 k H z s v e a t 8 0 % (to E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -6 ) d ia te d R F 8 0 to 1 0 0 0 M H z , a m d u la t e d w it h 1 k H z s in e w a v e a E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -3 ) r g e s ( t o E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 5 , u s u a lly v e r y lo n g d . c . c a b le s )

p litu d e t 8 0 % o n ly

T h e r e a r e R E O b o o k le t s o n a ll o f th e a b o v e t y p e s o f d is t u r b a n c e s a n d t h e ir E N / IE C t e s t m e t h o d s , a v a ila b le fr o m [ 1 2 ]. u m IV E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 is o n e e x a m p le o f a t e s t t h a t p r o b a b ly s h o u ld b e d o n e , w h e r e a n e q u ip m e n t is p o w e r e d f r o m a d . c . p o w e r s u p p ly n e tw o r k , if r e a l- lif e r e lia b ility o r c o m p lia n c e w it h t h e E M C D ir e c t iv e 's P r o t e c t io n R e q u ir e m e n t s is a c o n c e r n . T h is is d e s p it e t h e f a c t t h a t it is n o t y e t c a lle d u p b y a n y p r o d u c t o r g e n e r ic s t a n d a r d s u n d e r t h e E M C D ir e c t iv e . T h is s e s itu a tio s u ffic ie o r s a fe n e c e s s te s ts to s e e a b c t io n n o w d is n s th a t s h o w n t c o n f id e n c e o p e r a t io n in a r y t o m o d if y a c h ie v e T A R o v e ). c u s s e s w h y in r e lia r e a l life o r a d d L (T e s a n u m b e r o f to h a v e b le , a c c u r a te it m a y b e to th e a b o v e t A s R e a l L ife ,

I f y o u d o n 't u n d e r s t a n d e x a c t ly w h a t t h is m e a n s , h a v e s o m e o n e w h o is q u a lifie d a n d c o m p e te n t in th is a r e a s o r t it o u t f o r y o u . I n s o m e in s t a lla t io n s , s p e c ia l w o r k in g p r o c e d u r e s m a y b e r e q u ir e d . E le c t r ic a l a n d e le c t r o n ic e n g in e e r s a r e k ille d e v e r y d o n 't le t it b e y o u o r y e a r b y e le c tr ic ity y o u r c o lle a g u e s , o r a n y o n e e ls e !

S o m e T A R L d .c . s u p p ly n e tw o r k p o w e r q u a lity is s u e s
R ip p le o n th e d .c . n e tw o r k , c a u s e d b y a m a in s r e c tifie r

T h is c a n b e t e s t e d b y a p p ly in g E N 6 1 0 0 0 4 -1 7 n e tw s im p c a u s . (B o rk ly b e d u t b e s th e e th e b y c h a w a re th a t r ip p le o r n o t r a d it io n a l a r g in g a n d in s o is e m 'm a in d is c h m e d .c . a y n o t s r ip p le ' a r g in g o f th e

2 7
s t o r a g e c a p a c ito r s f r o m t h e m a in s r e c t if ie r s . S e e t h e s e c t io n o n h a r m o n ic s a n d in t e r h a r m o n ic s la t e r . ) T r a n s ie n t o v e r v o lta g e s c a u s e d b y fa u lts a n d o th e r c a u s e s A s m e n tio n e d a b o v e , th e s e c a n b e te s te b y a p p ly in g E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 4 b u t d ir e c t in je c tio n s h o u ld b e u s e d in s t e a d o f th e c a p a c it iv e c la m p m e th o d . T h e r e is a R E b o o k le t o n t h is t e s t s t a n d a r d a t [ 1 2 ] . F o r e q u ip m e n t f o r f it tin g to m o to r v e h ic le s t h a p p r o p r ia te te s t s ta n d a r d is IS O 7 6 3 7 , w t e s t le v e ls a t le a s t C la s s I I a n d m a y b e a h ig h a s C la s s I V [ 1 3 ] . ( N o t e t h a t m o t o r v e h ic le m a n u f a c tu r e r s m a y w e ll a p p ly o th e r t e s ts , o r h ig h e r le v e l t e s ts , o n t h e d .c . in p u t s o f e q u ip m e n t in t e n d e d t o b e f it t e d a s 'o r ig in a l e q u ip m e n t ') . s W h a fa o c c th e tra n e n u lt u rs d .c s ie a t r a n s ie n t o v e r v o lt a g e in th e d .c . n e tw o r k , th e a t t h e s a m e t im e a s t h . s u p p ly le v e l, s o t e s tin n ts o n th e ir o w n m ig h t d O e ith s a m e e ffe c t s e e t h e s e c t io n o n s im u lt a n e o u s d is t u r b a n c e s , la t e r . P u ls e s o f in c r e a s in g d .c . v o lta g e W h re d m o o n te s its e n th e lo a d o n a d .c . u c e s , t h e d . c . v o lt a g e m e n t a r ily o r p e r m a n e th e ty p e o f d .c . s o u rc ts w it h 1 2 0 % p u ls e s , v o lt a g e v a r ia tio n s t e p o w e r n e tw o rk c a n r is e e it h e r n t ly ( d e p e n d in g e ). E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 u n d e r w h a t it c a lls s ts . R a p id flu c tu a tio n s in th e d .c . v o lta g e T h e s e c a n b e c a u s e d b y r a p id ly f lu c t u a t in g lo a d s , o r b y in t e r m it t e n t f a u lts , a n d th e y c a n a ls o b e c a u s e d b y r a p id f lu c t u a t io n s in a . c . s u p p ly v o lta g e s t h a t p o w e r th e d .c . n e tw o r k . T h e flu c tu a tio n s c a n c o n s is t o f la r g e n u m b e r s o f d ip s o r s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n s s u c h a s a r e u s e d in t h e E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 te s ts , o r n u m b e rs o f p u ls e s s u c h a s t h o s e d is c u s s e d in t h e b u lle t p o in t a b o v e . T h e y m ig h t e v e n a lt e r n a t e b e t w e e n a d ip a n d a p u ls e . R a p id a .c . v o lta g e flu c tu a tio n s a r e a d d r e s s e d b y t e s t in g t o E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 1 4 [1 2 ], b u t th e re a re n o E N o r IE C s t a n d a r d s c o v e r in g r a p id flu c t u a tio n s o n d .c . n e tw o r k s . H o w e v e r , it w o u ld b e v e r y e a s y to m o d if y t h e E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 v o lta g e v a r ia t io n s t e s t m e t h o d t o t e s t f o r r a p id f lu c t u a t io n s in s t e a d , s im p ly b y r e d u c in g t h e tim e b e t w e e n e a c h v a r ia t io n t o 1 s e c o n d o r le s s , a n d a p p ly in g e a c h s e q u e n c e o f v a r ia tio n s fo r a p e r io d o f a t le a s t 4 -1 4 flu c tu C o m f lu c t u 6 0 s g iv e a tio p a r a t io . T h e R E O b s u s e fu l g u id n to te s t fo r, in g r e a l- life m n s w it h t h e E o o k le a n c e in its a in s N 6 1 t o n E N o n th e s e c t io n v o lt a g e 0 0 0 -4 -1

2 8
6 1 0 0 0 ra te s o f e n t it le d : 4 te s ts .

'L o a d d u m p ' T h is is a t y p e o f v o lt a g e s u r g e c a u s e d b y o p e n - c ir c u it f a u lt s in t h e d . c . s u p p ly n e t w o r k w h e n o n e o r m o r e o f t h e it e m s o f e q u ip m e n t c o n n e c t e d t o t h e n e tw o r k is a n e n e r g y s o u r c e ( fo r e x a m p le : a n a lte r n a to r in a m o to r v e h ic le ; a m o to r d r iv e w ith r e g e n e r a t iv e b r a k in g ; a b a t t e r y c h a r g e r ; e tc .) . I t is r e a lly a v e r s io n o f t h e in c r e a s in g v o lt a g e v a r ia t io n s t e s t in E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 , e x c e p t th a t b e c a u s e o f th e e n e rg y s o u rc e c o n n e c t e d t o t h e n e t w o r k ( t h a t is n o w d is c o n n e c t e d f r o m its b a tt e r y o r o t h e r lo w im p e d a n c e s o u r c e s o r lo a d s ) t h e v o lt a g e s m a y b e h ig h e r , t h e p o w e r le v e ls w ill a lm o s t c e r ta in ly b e h ig h e r , a n d t h e d u r a tio n s c o u ld b e lo n g e r .

is c a u s e d b y t r a n s ie n t e c h a n g e in g w it h n o t h a v e th e

C la u s e 8 . 2 . 2 a llo w s t e s t in g w it h v o lt a g e v a r ia t io n s t h a t a r e s lo w ly v a r y in g , t o s im u la t e b a t te r ie s c h a r g in g o r d is c h a r g in g ( s e e la te r ) , b u t it d o e s n o t s a y w h e th e r t h e s e t e s t s a r e in a d d itio n t o , o r r e p la c e , th e a b r u p t v o lta g e v a r ia tio n s te s ts d e s c r ib e d in it s c la u s e 5 . B e c a u s e s lo w ly v a r y in g d . c . v o lt a g e s h a v e d if f e r e n t c a u s e s f r o m a b r u p t ly v a r y in g d .c . v o lta g e s , a n d b e c a u s e th e y c a n h a v e d iffe r e n t e ffe c ts o n e le c t r o n ic c ir c u its a n d d e v ic e s , th is b o o k le t re c o m m e n d s th a t w h e re b o th c a n h a p p e n b o th a re te s te d .

A n e x a m p le o f a p o s s ib le d .c . v o lt a g e 'r a p id f lu c t u a t io n ' t e s t ( n o t d r a w n to s c a le )

A n e x a m p le o f a p o s s ib le 'lo a d d u m p ' t e s t ( n o t d r a w n to s c a le )

2 9
L o a d d u m f e w t im e s 6 0 V fo r a d e liv e r v e e n e r g y ( im s e le c t in g p r o te c tio n e q u ip m e n p t r a n s ie n t s c a n p e a k a t u p t o a th e n o m in a l d .c . v o lta g e ( e .g . 1 2 V s y s te m ) a n d c a n o fte n r y la r g e a m o u n t s o f d e s t r u c tiv e p o r t a n t c o n s id e r a t io n s w h e n t h e r a t in g s o f t h e o v e r v o lt a g e s u p p r e s s io n c o m p o n e n ts fo r a n t). m a n u fa c r e lia b ilit y o f lo a d d n e c e s s a o v e r-e n g tu re r w h o is fa c e d w u m p te s ts r y fo r r e a lin e e r in g . is c ith th a life o n c e d o in t m a r e lia rn e d g a w y n o t b ilit y , a b o u t id e r a n g e b e r is k in g ( d e p e n d in g o n th e d e s ig n o f th e a .c - d .c . c o n v e rte r o r b a tte ry c h a rg e r). W h e re th e re a r e 's m o o t h in g ' o r 's t o r a g e ' c a p a c it o r s f it t e d in th e a .c - d . c . c o n v e r t e r p o w e r in g t h e d . c . n e t w o r k , t h e r is e / fa ll tim e o f th e d .c . d is tu r b a n c e s w ill g e n e r a lly h a v e s lo w e r r is e a n d f a ll t im e s t h a n th o s e te s te d b y E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 . N o te th a t s o m e s ix - p u ls e o r tw e lv e - p u ls e a . c . - d . c . c o n v e r te r s r u n n in g fr o m th r e e - p h a s e s u p p lie s d o n o t e m p lo y s m o o t h in g o r s t o r a g e c a p a c ito r s ( t h is is t y p ic a l o f s o m e s o c h a n g e s in a ir c r a f t d .c . s u p p lie s ) t h e ir a .c . s u p p lie s w ill b e r e fle c t e d im m e d ia t e ly in t h e ir d .c . o u t p u t s . S o , in g e n e w ill c o v e r t h in te r r u p tio n g e n e ra l a s s q u e r ie d , s in m a y re s p o n s o m e a .c . d e m p lo y m ic r a l, te s t in g t o E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 e e f fe c t s o f d ip s a n d s h o r t s in th e a .c . s u p p ly . B u t th is u m p t io n s h o u ld a lw a y s b e c e s o m e a .c -d .c . c o n v e rte rs d in a c o m p le x m a n n e r to is t u r b a n c e s ( e s p e c ia lly if t h e y r o p r o c e s s o r - b a s e d c o n tr o l) . H e a v ily -d is c h a r g e d b a tte r ie s C la u s e 8 .2 .2 p ro d u c t a n d s lo w v o lta g e c h a r g in g a n d w h e re a p p ro o n t h e t e s t le . o f E N g e n e r ic v a r ia tio d is c h a p r ia t e , b v e ls t h a 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 s ta n d a rd s n s t h a t s im r g in g o f b a u t g iv e s n t s h o u ld b

3 0
9 p e r m it s to s p e c ify u la te th e tte r ie s , o g u id a n c e e u s e d .

T h e r e a r e n o IE C o r E N te s ts fo r lo a d d u m p , b u t f o r m o to r v e h ic le s t h e a p p r o p r ia te te s t is in c lu d e d in I S O 7 6 3 7 a n d is b a s e d o n th e ty p ic a l c h a r a c te r is tic s o f th e a lte r n a to r s fitte d to v e h ic le s . O th e r ty p e s o f e n e rg y s o u rc e s c a n b e v e ry d if f e r e n t fr o m m o t o r v e h ic le a lt e r n a t o r s , a n d u n f o r tu n a t e ly w e h a v e n o g u id a n c e in a n y I E C o r E N s ta n d a r d s o n t h e lo a d d u m p d is t u r b a n c e s t h e y c o u ld c r e a te . I f t h e e n e r g y s o u r c e s t h a t w ill b e a tt a c h e d t o a d .c . n e t w o r k a r e k n o w n , th e ir lo a d d u m p c h a r a c t e r is t ic s c a n b e fo u n d b y c a lc u la t io n , s im u la t io n o r t e s tin g a n d t h e E U T t e s te d a c c o r d in g ly . O t h e r w is e , a n e q u ip m e n t

D ip s , s h o r t in te r r u p tio n s a n d v a r ia tio n s c a u s e d b y d is tu r b a n c e s in th e a .c . s u p p ly W h e re p o w e r b a tte ry v a r ia t io d is t u r b d is t u r b a d d re s R E O b a n a .c .-d to th e d .c d ip s , n s in th e a n c e s in a n c e s in s e d b y E o o k le t o n . c . c o n v e r t e r s u p p lie s . n e t w o r k , o r c h a r g e s it s s h o r t in te r r u p tio n s a n d a . c . s u p p ly c a n c a u s e t h e d . c . s u p p ly . S u c h t h e a . c . s u p p ly a r e N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -1 1 (s e e th e th is s ta n d a r d [1 2 ]) . . d is tu r b a n c e s d is tu r b a n c e s b u t th e ir p e r tio n s w ill b e la d is tu r b a n c e s w in c e rg ill th e n ta g e e r o r

S o it is r e c o m m e n d e d in t h is b o o k le t t h a t w h e r e th e E U T m ig h t b e p o w e r e d fr o m b a t t e r ie s t h a t c o u ld b e h e a v ily d is c h a r g e d , m a y b e e v e n u n t il t h e y a r e 'f la t ', t h e y a r e t e s te d u s in g t h e v o lt a g e v a r ia t io n te s t m e t h o d in E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 b u t w it h v o lt a g e le v e ls th a t a r e 7 0 % , 6 0 % , 5 0 % , 4 0 % , 3 0 % , 2 0 % a n d 1 0 % o f n o m in a l, d w e llin g f o r a t le a s t 3 0 s a t e a c h v o lt a g e le v e l. W h e re o e ffe c t s e o r a n a ly o c c u r , it o f th e te s u p p ly v p r o b le m d a m a g e v e r h e a tin g o r s o m e o th e r p h y s ic a l e m s t o b e o c c u r r in g t o t h e E U T , s is s h o w s th a t s u c h e ffe c ts c o u ld is r e c o m m e n d e d th a t th e d u r a tio n s t is e x t e n d e d in d e fin it e ly , a t t h e o lta g e th a t c a u s e s th e p o te n tia l , to s e e if th e e q u ip m e n t b e c o m e s d a s a r e s u lt.

I n g e n e r a l, th e s e a .c c a u s e c o r r e s p o n d in g d .c . s u p p ly v o lt a g e a m p lit u d e s a n d d u r a s m a lle r t h a n th e a .c .

A n e x a m p le o f h o w a .c . v o lta g e d ip s , d r o p o u ts a n d in te r u p tio n s c a n c a u s e p r o b l e m s f o r d . c . p o w e r e d d e v ic e s ( e x a m p le o f a 3 . 3 V d . c . c ir c u it )

A n e x a m p le o f a p o s s ib le d is c h a r g in g b a tte r y te s t ( n o t d r a w n to s c a le )

3 1
A n e x a m p le o f a p o s s ib le d .c .v o lt a g e 'lo n g in t e r r u p t io n ' t e s t ( n o t d r a w n to s c a le ) H a r m o n ic a n d in te r h a r m o n ic d is to r tio n o f th e a .c . s u p p ly w a v e fo r m T h e s e a . c . s u p p ly d is tu r b a n c e s a r e a d d re s s e d b y E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -1 3 (re fe R E O b o o k le t o n t h is [ 1 2 ] ) , a n d c a n t h e d . c . o u t p u t le v e l a n d r ip p le o f m r e c t if ie r s . T h e e ff e c t s o n t h e d . c . v o a r e to c a u s e it t o v a r y , a t y p e o f d is t u r b a n c e t h a t is a d d r e s s e d b y t h v o lt a g e v a r ia t io n te s t s in E N 6 1 0 0 0 B in th th c r D ip s , in te r r u p tio n s a n d v a r ia tio n s th a t a r e s h o r te r , lo n g e r a n d /o r h a v e d iffe r e n t le v e ls T h e d ip s , in t e r r u p t io n s a n d v a r ia t io n s t e s t s in E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 a r e a s u b s e t o f a n in f in it e v a r ie t y o f s u c h t e s t s , w h ic h c a n v a r y in v o lt a g e le v e l, d u r a t io n o f t h e c h a n g e d le v e l, t h e r is e / f a ll t im e o f t h e c h a n g e s a n d th e in te r v a ls b e tw e e n th e c h a n g e s . P r e s u m a b ly t h e c o m m it t e e t h a t w r o te th e s ta n d a r d c h o s e v a lu e s th a t a r e t y p ic a l o f a w id e r a n g e o f d . c . n e t w o r k s , a lt h o u g h n o r e f e r e n c e s a r e g iv e n fo r th e s o u r c e s o f t h is b a s ic d a t a . B u t it is c le a r f r o m e v e n a c u r s o r y in s p e c t io n t h a t t h e d . c . v o lta g e c a n d ip t o le v e ls o th e r th a n 4 0 % a n d 7 0 % , a n d th e d ip s c a n la s t f o r le s s t h a n 1 0 m s , a n d m a y b e lo n g e r t h a n 1 s . I t is a ls o c le a r t h a in t e r r u p t io n s c a n la s t m u c h lo n g e r th a n 1 fo r e x a m p le w h e n th e a .c . p o w e r th a t s u p p lie s th e d . c . n e t w o r k is in te r r u p te d f o s e v e r a l h o u r s , o r if a p r o t e c t iv e f u s e is o p e n e d o r p o w e r s u p p ly 'f o ld b a c k ' c u r r e n lim it c ir c u it is a c t iv a t e d . t I t is a ls o c le a r t h a t v o lt a g e v a r ia t io n s c a n b e s m a lle r o r la r g e r t h a n 2 0 % , a n d c a n la s t f o r le s s t h a n 0 . 1 s o r lo n g e r t h a n 1 0 s . A ll t h e s e p o s s ib ilitie s a r e c o v e r e d b y t h e 'X ' c a t e g o r ie s in C la u s e 5 o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 2 9 . D o n 't a s s u m e t h a t la r g e r v o lt a g e c h a n g e s a r e n e c e s s a r ily m o r e o f a t h r e a t to a n E U T f o r e x a m p le s o m e c ir c u it s a n d d e v ic e s w ill r e b o o t c o r r e c t ly a f te r a s e v e r e d ip o r in te r r u p tio n , b u t t h e ir r e s e t c ir c u it s c a n b e 'f o o le d ' b y s m a lle r v o lt a g e c h a n g e s . W h e n T A R L is a r e q u ir e m n e t w o r k t h a t s u p p lie s t h e a n a ly s e d a n d / o r m o n it o r e o u t th a t th e te s ts in E N 6 1 n o t p r o v e t h e r e lia b le o p e f o r s o m e r e a s o n , a d d it io n in t e r r u p t io n s a n d v a r ia tio n b e d o n e to c re a te th e n e c c o n fid e n c e . T h e r e is u s u a in te r r u p tio n fo n e c e s s a ry fo r E U T t o c o lla p n o m in a l v a lu e r t lly n o r a n y a ll o f s e to s . p o in lo n g th e 1 0 % e n t, th e d .c . E U T s h o u ld b e d a n d if it tu r n s 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 w o u ld r a tio n o f th e E U T a l d ip s , s t e s t s s h o u ld e s s a ry n t in u in g a n n is e s in s id e th e s s ) o f t h e ir a c n b c n r to th e a ffe c t a in s lta g e -4 -2 9 . e a ) In te r r u p tio n c r a n k in g t h a d d re s s e s o f its s h o r t im p e d a n c e s la s t in g 0 . 5 t o 1 s w e e n g in e . E N 6 1 0 0 0 t h is w it h t h e lo n g e r in te r r u p tio n te s ts ( in te s t m o d e ).

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tr a n s ie n t p h e n o m e n a th e s u r v e y fo u n d , in p a r t ic u la r : h e n -4 -2 9 d u r a tio n s lo w

u t a n o th e r e ff e c t o f h a r m o n ic s a n d t e r h a r m o n ic s in t h e a .c . s u p p ly is t h a t e d . c . n e t w o r k r ip p le m a y n o t s im p ly b e e t r a d it io n a l 'm a in s r ip p le ' ( c a u s e d b y h a r g in g a n d d is c h a r g in g o f t h e s t o r a g e a p a c it o r s f r o m t h e m a in s r e c tif ie r s ) . T h e ip p le c a n c o n t a in s ig n ific a n t a m o u n t s o f o is e a t t h e f r e q u e n c ie s o f t h e h a r m o n ic s n d in t e r h a r m o n ic s , w h ic h c a n r a n g e f r o m e lo w 1 H z to o v e r 2 k H z . I n te r h a r m o n ic o is e c a n o fte n h a v e r a n d o m h a r a c t e r is t ic s , u n lik e h a r m o n ic n o is e .

b ) S in e w a v e p u ls e d r ip p le te s t , 1 0 M H z a t 5 V p p . T h is is n o t te b y a n y E N /IE C o r IS O s ta n d a p u ls e d d is tu r b a n c e te s t, b u t a c o n t in u o u s d is t u r b a n c e it is te 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -1 6 (u p to 1 5 0 k H z ), E 6 (1 5 0 k H z to 8 0 M H z ) a n d E N (8 0 M H z to 1 G H z ), s e e th e R E o n th e s e a t [1 2 ].

1 0 k H z s te d a t a ll rd s a s a s a s te d b y E N N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -3 O b o o k le t s

T h e s e 'n o n - r ip p le ' n o is e f r e q u e n c ie s in t h e d .c . n e tw o rk a re n o t te s te d b y E N 6 1 0 0 0 4 - 1 7 , a n d t h is b o o k le t s u g g e s ts e m p lo y in g th e te s t m e th o d s in E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 1 6 ( s e e t h e R E O b o o k le t a t [ 1 2 ] ) t o a p p ly n o is e to t h e d . c . s u p p ly o v e r t h e r a n g e 0 t o 1 5 0 k H z . B u t E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 1 6 o n ly a p p lie s c o m m o n - m o d e t e s t s t im u li, s o t h is b o o k le t r e c o m m e n d s m o d if y in g t h e t e s t m e t h o d t o a p p ly t h e m in d if f e r e n t ia l m o d e a s w e ll. P u ls e d s in e w a v e r ip p le A n in te r e s tin g s u r v e y o f a c tu a l tr a n s ie n ts in t h e d . c . s u p p ly o f a v a r ie t y o f m o t o r v e h ic le s is p r o v id e d b y [ 1 3 ] , f r o m t h e p o in t o f v ie w o f 'a f t e r - m a r k e t ' a c c e s s o r ie s o r ite m s p lu g g e d in t o t h e v e h ic le s ' a c c e s s o r y s o c k e t s ( w h ic h u s e d t o b e k n o w n a s c ig a r lig h t e r s o c k e t s ) . T h is s u r v e y s h o w s t h a t th e te s ts in IS O 7 6 3 7 a r e v e r y r e le v a n t fo r t h e v e h ic le s t e s te d , b u t th a t a d d it io n a l te s ts s h o u ld b e d o n e to c o v e r a ll o f th e

M o s t e q u ip m e n t c o v e r e d b y th e E M C D ir e c t iv e w ill h a v e b e e n t e s t e d to E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -6 a n d E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -3 a n y w a y u n d e r it s r e le v a n t p r o d u c t o r g e n e r ic im m u n ity s t a n d a r d s , s o th is b o o k le t re c o m m e n d s th a t th e E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -1 6 te s ts a r e a ls o a p p lie d . B u t a s w a s m e n t io n e d e a r lie r in t h e s e c t io n o n m a in s h a r m o n ic s E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 1 6 o n ly a n d in t e r h a r m o n ic s a p p lie s c o m m o n - m o d e t e s t s t im u li, s o t h is b o o k le t r e c o m m e n d s m o d if y in g it s t e s t m e t h o d t o a p p ly t h e m in d if fe r e n t ia l m o d e a s w e ll. E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -6 a n d E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -3 u s e 1 k H z s in e w a v e a m p lit u d e m o d u la t io n a t 8 0 % , w h ic h is c lo s e e n o u g h t o a p u ls e a t 1 k H z to a v o id th e n e e d fo r a p u ls e d (o n /o ff) te s t. B u t th e fre q u e n c y o f th e p u ls e s ( o r s in e w a v e m o d u la t io n ) c o u ld b e v e r y im p o r ta n t f o r t h e im m u n it y o f e q u ip m e n t . T h is w a s d is c u s s e d in d e t a il in th e R E O b o o k le t o n E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 3 [1 2 ]. T h e m d is c o v E U T b o v e r th r a d ia te o s t c o e r th e y a n a e fu ll d ra d s t-e ffe s u s c e ly s is o ra n g e io f r e q c t iv e T p t ib le r te s tin o f c o n u e n c ie A fr g d s R L m e q u e n , th e n u c te d u s in g e t h o d is t o c ie s o f th e to te s t a n d te s t

s ,

t in c o e r th a v o lta g ( o r le

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s tim u li th a t a r e m s u s c e p tib le fr e q u w e ll a s ) a t 1 k H z . m o d u la t io n / p u ls e k n o w n , 'c h ir p ' m o u s u a lly e m p lo y e d r is in g m o d u la t io n fu ll r a n g e th a t th e s u s c e p tib le to . o d u la te d a e n c ie s , in s W h e re th e fr e q u e n c ie d u la tio n t e . T h e c h ir p fre q u e n c y E U T m ig h t th e E U T te a d o f (o s u s c e p t ib s a re n o t c h n iq u e s is a s lo w th a t c o v e t b e 's r a s le a re ly rs th e b e t w e e n t h e it e m o f e q u ip m e n t a n d th e d .c . s u p p ly is v e r y lo n g a n d d o e s n o t h a v e a v e r y la r g e C S A . B u t s o m e b a t t e r ie s h a v e m u c h lo w e r in t e r n a l im p e d a n c e s , f o r e x a m p le a 1 2 V a u t o m o b ile b a t t e r y w ith a r a te d s t a r tin g c u r r e n t o f 1 0 0 A h a s a n in te r n a l im p e d a n c e o f 0 .1 2 W a n d s o m e ( e . g . in s o m e t y p e s o f f o u r - w h e e l d r iv e v e h ic le s ) a r e r a te d f o r s ta r tin g c u r r e n ts o f 4 0 0 A o r m o r e , s o c a n h a v e in t e r n a l im p e d a n c e s o f 0 . 0 3 W o r lo w e r . T h e s t o r a g e c a p a c it o r s in a n o ff - lin e d .c . p o w e r s u p p ly w ill h a v e e q u iv a le n t s e r ie s r e s is ta n c e s ( E S R s ) m e a s u r e d in t e n s o f m illio h m s . S o it is c le a r ly p o s s ib le f o r t h e d . c . p o w e r n e t w o r k 's s o u r c e im p e d a n c e to b e le s s th a n th e ( ju s t u n d e r ) 0 .5 W a s s u m e d b y E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 , d e p e n d in g o n t h e C S A a n d le n g t h o f c a b le u s e d to c o n n e c t to th e e q u ip m e n t c o n c e rn e d . 0 .5 W c o u ld a ls o b e o n t h e h ig h s id e fo r m a n y f a u lt s in d . c . n e tw o r k s , e s p e c ia lly if th e y o c c u r w ith in a fe w m e tr e s o f a n ite m o f e q u ip m e n t . F o r e x a m p le , a s h o r t- c ir c u it a t a d is t a n c e o f 5 m e t r e s ( a s m e a s u r e d a lo n g t h e d .c . p o w e r c a b le s ) c o u ld h a v e a n im p e d a n c e a s lo w a s 0 .2 1 W w h e n th e d .c . c o n d u c to rs h a v e a C S A o f 1 m m 2; 0 .0 4 W w ith 4 m m 2 o r 0 . 0 1 6 W w it h 1 0 m m 2 . S o it is c le a r ly p o s s ib le in r e a l lif e fo r a d . c . f a u lt t o e x p e r ie n c e a m u c h h ig h e r n e g a t iv e p e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t ( o u t o f th e E U T ) th a n m ig h t h a v e b e e n te s te d b y a te s t g e n e ra to r th a t w a s c o m p lia n t t o E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 . T h e f o llo s p e 6 1 0 r e a r e tw o p o s s ib le c o n s e q u e n c e s th a t w fr o m th e te s t g e n e r a to r im p e d a n c e c if ic a tio n s ( o r la c k o f th e m ) in E N 0 0 -4 -2 9 re c o u n ity re n t a re u ld b e p e rfo g e n e r a ll 'c o v a r ia t io rm a n c e a to rs d e m p lia n t n s in w h e n s p ite w ith E E U te th e N s te d w ith fa c t th a t 6 1 0 0 0 -4 T E N re p p a s in te o p e 6 1 0 0 0 -4 re s e n t T s it s c o m rfe re n c e r a t io n . -2 A R p p 9 te s ts m ig h t n o t L s o e q u ip m e n t m ig h t lia n c e t e s t s o n ly to s u ff e r r o b le m s in r e a l c a n o u tp u t p e a k c u rre n ts th a t a re m h ig h e r t h a n t h e s p e c if ic a tio n ( e . g . 4 in s te a d o f 5 0 A ) , a n d th e p e a k c u r r e o u t p u t f r o m a la r g e c a p a c ito r o r s u p e r c a p a c ito r c a n b e m e a s u r e d in T h e in r u s h lim its in C la u s e 6 m a y b a c c e p ta b le w h e n tr y in g to c r e a te a s t a n d a r d t h a t d o e s n o t r e q u ir e v e r y b u t th e x p e n s iv e t e s t e q u ip m e n t m ig h t n o t a c h ie v e T A R L .

3 4
u c h 0 0 A n t e k A .

T o s a v e tim e w h e n te s tin g r a v io n ic s c o m p a n ie s o f te n t e r e v e r b e r a tio n c h a m b e r in s te a n e c h o ic c h a m b e r . T h is m e d o n o t h a v e to re p e a t th e te s id e s o f th e E U T w ith a n te n h o r iz o n t a lly a n d v e r tic a lly ( m t e s ts in a ll) .

a d ia te d R F , s t in a a d o f a n a n s th a t th e y s t o n a ll fo u r n a s p o la r is e d a k in g e ig h t

R e p e a ta b ility a n d T A R L is s u e s c o n c e r n in g t h e t e s t g e n e r a t o r 's im p e d a n c e
E N 6 1 0 te s t g e n b e fro m in te r r u p o e s n o t s p e c ify w h a t th e u t p u t im p e d a n c e s h o u ld to m o m e n t d u r in g a s h o r t I t s a y s it s h o u ld b e p r e d o m i n a n t l y r e s i s t i v e a n d lo w e v e n d u r in g t h e s w itc h in g o f th e o u t p u t v o lt a g e , b u t n o o t h e r s p e c if ic a t io n s a r e g iv e n . T h e p e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t s p e c if ic a tio n s im p ly a m a x im u m g e n e r a t o r s o u r c e im p e d a n c e o f ju s t u n d e r 0 . 5 W , b u t n o g u id a n c e is g iv e n o n d e t e r m in in g t h e n e g a t iv e p e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t, w h e n t h e E U T s o u rc e s c u rre n t to th e te s t g e n e ra to r d u r in g a lo w im p e d a n c e s h o r t in t e r r u p tio n te s t. A n im p e d a n c e o f 0 . 5 W is e q u iv a le n t to 6 0 m e tre s o f c o p p e r s e n d /re tu rn c o n d u c to rs e a c h w it h a c r o s s - s e c t io n a l a r e a ( C S A ) o f 4 m m 2 ( t h a t is : 1 2 0 m f o r t h e p o w e r c u r r e n t 's r o u n d tr ip ) . T h is m a y b e a r e a s o n a b le im p e d a n c e fo r s o m e ty p e s o f d .c . s o u r c e s , o r w h e n th e le n g t h o f c a b le 0 0 e r m tio -4 -2 9 d a t o r 's o o m e n t n te s t.

T h is g e n e im p e p ro p s u p p in te n in r u s m a y s p e c e x a m b a tte 6 0 0 A a t 2 4 4 -2 9 lif e .

b o o k le t r e c o m m e n d s t h a t t h e t e s t ra to r m a y n e e d to h a v e a n o u tp u t d a n c e t h a t is m u c h lo w e r t h a n 0 . 5 W t o e r ly s im u la t e t h e im p e d a n c e o f its d . c . ly n e tw o r k , d e p e n d in g o n t h e d e d a p p lic a t io n . A s a r e s u lt , t h e p e a k h c u r r e n t s u p p lie d b y t h e g e n e r a t o r n e e d t o b e in c r e a s e d a b o v e t h e if ic a tio n s in E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 . F o r p le , if t h e d .c . s u p p ly is p o w e r e d b y a r y w ith a c r a n k in g c u r r e n t r a tin g o f , t h e 5 0 A s p e c ific a t io n ( in r u s h c u r r e n t V ) fo r th e t e s t g e n e r a t o r in E N 6 1 0 0 0 is c le a r ly n o t r e p r e s e n t a t iv e o f r e a l re c o m m e n d s th a t th e s a n o u tp u t im p e d a n c e 1 W d u r in g lo w im p e d a n s te s ts . In a p p lic a tio n s f t h e d . c . c a b le s e q u ip m e n t c o u ld e x c e e r a t o r im p e d a n c e s h o u ld a y b e a s lo w a s 0 .0 0 1 W .

te s t e y

T h is b o o k le t a ls o te s t g e n e ra to r h a n o m o re th a n 0 .0 s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n w h e re th e C S A o c o n n e c te d to th e 1 0 m m 2, th e g e n e b e e v e n lo w e r , m

o f c e d

A n o th e r o m is s io n fr o m th e te s t g e n e r a to r s p e c if ic a tio n in E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 ( C la u s e 6 a n d A n n e x B ) is th e d u r a tio n fo r w h ic h th e p e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t s p e c if ic a tio n s h o u ld b e a b le to b e m a in t a in e d . O n ly a p e a k v a lu e is g iv e n , a n d it d o e s n o t s a y w h e th e r it s h o u ld b e a b le to m a in ta in e d fo r a s lit t le a s 1 0 s o r a s lo n g a s 1 0 s . A n d t h e r e is n o s p e c if ic a tio n th a t c o v e r s th e a b ility t o s u p p ly th e lo w e r le v e ls o f in r u s h c u r r e n t t h a t f o llo w t h e p e a k . T h e s e is s u e s c o u ld c a u s e th e r e to b e d iffe r e n c e s b e tw e e n th e t e s t r e s u lt s w h e n t h e s a m e E U T is t e s t e d o n d if f e r e n t 'E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 c o m p lia n t ' te s t g e n e ra to rs . T h is b o o k le t r e c o m m e n d s t h a t f o r T A R L , t h e te s t g e n e r a t o r s h o u ld b e a b le t o p r o v id e t h e w h o le e n v e lo p e o f t h e E U T 's in r u s h c u r r e n t , p lu s a m a r g in o f 3 0 % ( b o th in c u r r e n t a m p litu d e a n d d u r a t io n ) . W it h s o m e ty p e s o f d .c . n e tw o rk s (e .g . o n e s p o w e r e d fr o m p o r ta b le b a tte r ie s ) it m a y b e e a s ie s t t o s im p ly u s e t h e r e a l- lif e d .c . s o u r c e in t h e t e s t g e n e r a t o r f o r t h e E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -2 9 te s ts . (N o te th a t th e s e c a n n o t b e c la im e d t o b e 'f u ll c o m p lia n c e ' t e s t s if t h e d . c . s o u r c e d o e s n 't c o m p ly w it h t h e s p e c if ic a tio n s in C la u s e 6 .) W u s h o a n a n h e e d w E o th C la m T b s c illo re , to U e r e a l- lif e d u s e B .2 in e a s u re th e y u s in g a c s c o p e . It is .c . s o A n n e p e a k u rre n a s im u rc e x B d in r u s t tra n p le m c a e s h s d a n n o c r ib c u rr u c e tte r t b e e s e n t o f r a n d to

R e p e a ta b ility a n d T A R L is s u e s c o n c e r n in g th e p e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t s p e c ific a tio n

A n n e x B d e s c r ib e s te s t m e t h o d s f o r t h e in r u s h c u r r e n t o f E U T s in th e c a s e w h e r e t h e te s t g e n e r a t o r d o e s n o t c o m p ly w it h t h e m a x im u m p e a k in r u s h c u r r e n t s p e c if ic a tio n in C la u s e 6 . B u t w h e r e a t e s t g e n e r a to r m e e t s th e p e a k in r u s h s p e c if ic a tio n o f C la u s e 6 , t h e a c t u a l p e a k in r u s h t h a t w o u ld b e d r a w n b y t h e E U T in r e a l lif e is n o t c o n s id e r e d . A s w a s m e n t io n e d e a r lie r , s o m e 1 2 V a n d 2 4 V d .c . n e tw o r k s p o w e r e d b y b a tte r ie s

T h e im m d if f e th e y 2 9 '.

In -s e r v ic e fa ilu r e s a n d d ip s , s h o r t in te r r u p tio n s a n d v a r ia tio n s

3 5
e x te n d A n n e x B to m e a s u r e th e m a g n itu d v e r s u s d u r a tio n o f th e in r u s h c u r r e n t d e m a n d . ( T h e d . c . s o u r c e u s e d fo r th is in r u s h c u r r e n t m e a s u r e m e n t s h o u ld b e r e p r e s e n t a t iv e o f t h e a c tu a l d . c . s o u r c e t h e q u ip m e n t w ill b e p o w e r e d f r o m in r e a l ife T h is d a ta c a n th e n b e u s e d to s iz e th e te s g e n e r a to r s o t h a t it c a n s u p p ly a t le a s t 3 0 % m o r e th a n th e E U T n e e d s , b o th in m a g n it u d e a n d d u r a t io n . e e c a n b e e x p o s e d to tw o o r m o re E M d is t u r b a n c e s a t t h e s a m e t im e . V e r y lit t le w o r k h a s b e e n d o n e in to th e e ffe c ts o f s im u lt a n e o u s E M d is t u r b a n c e s , b u t [ 1 4 ] s h o w s th a t w h e n a n E U T is e x p o s e d to its fu ll te s t le v e l o f o n e ty p e o f p h e n o m e n o n e .g . a r a d ia te d R F fie ld o f 1 0 0 M H z a t 3 V / m ) its im m u n it y t o a t e s t th a t it p a s s e s p e r f e c tly w e ll w h e n a p p lie d o n its o w n ( e .g . fa s t tr a n s ie n t b u r s ts a t 2 k V ) c a n b e v e r y s e v e r e ly c o m p r o m is e d . C o n t in u in g t h e a b o v e e x a m p le : if a n e q u ip m e n t is in s ta lle d in a lo c a t io n w h e r e t h e r e is a h ig h le v e l o f c o n tin u o u s R F f ie ld , it m a y b e p e r f e c t ly w e ll a b le to c o p e w ith th a t th r e a t, b u t it m a y b e c o m e u n r e lia b le in t h a t e n v ir o n m e n t w h e n a n y f a s t t r a n s ie n t s a p p e a r o n it s m a in s le a d , a s th e y w ill v e r y o f t e n . A n o t h e r t r a n s ie n t e v e n t t h a t m ig h t h a p p e n w h e n a n R F fie ld ( f o r e x a m p le ) is s im u lta n e o u s ly p r e s e n t is a n e le c t r o s t a t ic d is c h a r g e f r o m s o m e o n e 's f in g e r s . S o w h e r e a ty p e o f e q u ip m e n t is to b e in s t a lle d in a r e a s w h e r e t h e r e is a c o n t in u o u s e x p o s u r e t o a r e a s o n a b ly h ig h le v e l o f a n E M p h e n o m e n o n ( e .g . a n R F f ie ld , R F n o is e o n t h e s u p p ly , m a in s w a v e f o r m d is t o r t io n , m a g n e t ic f ie ld s , e t c . ) its im m u n it y t o t r a n s ie n t d is t u r b a n c e s s u c h a s d ip s a n d s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n s in it s d .c . s u p p ly m ig h t b e c o m p r o m is e d . T A R L t e c h n iq u e s w o u ld r e q u ir e t e s tin g w ith th e t r a n s ie n t d is t u r b a n c e s in t h e p r e s e n c e o f t h e c o n t in u o u s E M p h e n o m e n o n , a n d s o m e a n a ly s is m ig h t h e lp a v o id a le n g th y ( a n d e x p e n s iv e ) te s t p ro g ra m m e . T h e h a p p v e ry a b o u in te g lik e e n s m t e r it y lih o o in g a a ll, a x c e p a re d o f tw t th e s a n d o fte t w h e re r e q u ir e o tr a n s ie m e tim e n n o t w o h ig h le v d [1 0 ]. n t e v is u s rth w e ls o e n ts u a lly o r r y in g f s a fe ty I f it is s u s p e c te d t h a t v o lt a g e d ip s , s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n s a n d v a r ia t io n s in a d . c . p o w e r s u p p ly c o u ld b e a c a u s e o f f a ilu r e s in t h e f ie ld , a s u r v e y w it h a p p r o p r ia te p o w e r q u a lity m e a s u r in g in s t r u m e n t s c a n d is c o v e r w h a t p o w e r d is t u r b a n c e s a r e o c c u r r in g a n d w h e t h e r t h e y c o r r e la t e w ith t h e fa ilu r e s . T h e in s tr u m e n t s u s e d a r e g e n e r a lly d a t a - lo g g in g in s t r u m e n t s t h a t c a n b e le f t f o r d a y s ( m a y b e w e e k s ) u n a t t e n d e d a n d a u t o m a t ic a lly r e c o r d d e t a ils o f t h e u n b a la n c e s th a t h a v e o c c u r r e d o v e r th a t p e r io d . I t is r a r e t o k n o w e x a c t ly w h a t t h e c a u s e o f a p r o b le m is , s o it is n o r m a l t o s u r v e y a n u m b e r o f o th e r p o w e r q u a lit y p a r a m e te r s , a s w e ll a s u n b a la n c e , to tr y to c o r r e la t e p o w e r d is t u r b a n c e s w it h t h e f a ilu r e s t h a t a r e o c c u r r in g . I t h e lp s to c o r r e la t e d is t u r b a n c e s w ith f a ilu r e s if o n e c h a n n e l o f t h e s u r v e y in s t r u m e n t c a n m o n it o r s o m e t h in g a b o u t t h e e q u ip m e n t t h a t is s u f fe r in g t h e p r o b le m , t h a t in d ic a te s w h e t h e r th e f a u lt h a s o c c u rre d o r n o t. T h e n w h e n th e s u rv e y in s t r u m e n t s r e c o r d is a n a ly s e d la t e r o n , th e t im e s t a m p o n t h e e v e n t t h a t m a r k s t h e f a ilu r e o f t h e e q u ip m e n t c a n b e c o m p a r e d w ith th e t im e s t a m p s o n t h e d is t u r b a n c e s t h a t w e r e d e t e c t e d , t o s e e w h a t is m o s t lik e ly to h a v e c a u s e d t h e fa u lt . W h e r e t h e f a ilin g e q u ip m e n t c a n n o t b e m o n it o r e d , it m a y b e p o s s ib le t o h a v e it s o p e r a to r , o r s o m e o n e e ls e , n o te th e d a te a n d t im e w h e n it fa ils , f o r e v e n t u a l c o r r e la tio n w ith th e p o w e r q u a lity s u r v e y r e s u lt s . I f t h e e q u ip m e n t is n o r m a lly u n a tt e n d e d , it s h o u ld a t le a s t b e c h e c k e d o n a r e g u la r b a s is t o s e e if it h a s f a ile d o r n o t, a n d th e d a te a n d tim e n o te d o n c e a g a in . T h e p e r io d b e t w e e n c h e c k s s h o u ld b e n o m o r e th a n h a lf o f t h e n o r m a l tim e b e tw e e n fa ilu r e s , a n d e v e n m o r e fr e q u e n t c h e c k in g h e lp s a c h ie v e b e t t e r c o r r e la t io n .

3 6
A p r o b le m w it h a n y a u t o m a t ic p o w e r q u a lity m o n it o r in g e q u ip m e n t is t h a t if it is n o t s e t u p c o r r e c t ly , it w ill s o o n f ill its m e m o r y ( o r u s e u p a ll o f its p a p e r ) r e c o r d in g t o o - d e t a ile d d a t a . I f y o u a r e n o t s k ille d in t h e s e m a t t e r s , a n d if y o u d o n 't w a n t to s p e n d t im e a n d m o n e y g o in g in s t e a d o f th r o u g h a le a r n in g c u r v e h ir in g p o w e r q u a lit y m o n it o r in g e q u ip m e n t fr o m o n e o f th e m a n y c o m p a n ie s th a t h ir e a p o w e r q u a lit y c o n s u lt a n t p r o v id e it in s te a d a n d h a v e h im /h e r d o th e w o r k u s in g t h e ir o w n e q u ip m e n t , a n a ly s e t h e r e s u lts a n d p r o d u c e a r e p o r t. W h e r e t h e f a ilu r e r a t e is lo w ( e . g . o n c e p e r m o n t h ) a s it e s u r v e y t o t r y t o lo c a t e t h e c a u s e o f a p r o b le m c o u ld t a k e a v e r y lo n g t im e . B u t a n e x p e r ie n c e d E M e n g in e e r m ig h t a lr e a d y h a v e a n id e a o f w h a t t y p e o f p o w e r d is tu r b a n c e is t h e m o s t lik e ly c a u s e o f t h e f a ilu r e s , a n d a f t e r le a r n in g a b o u t t h e s it e a n d t h e o t h e r e q u ip m e n t in s t a lle d o n it m ig h t a lr e a d y h a v e a g o o d id e a o f w h a t is t h e m o s t lik e ly s o u r c e o f t h a t d is tu r b a n c e . T h e e n g in e e r m ig h t th e n b e a b le to s u g g e s t w a y s o f c r e a tin g th e p o w e r d is t u r b a n c e in q u e s t io n ( r a t h e r t h a n w a it f o r it t o o c c u r n a tu r a lly ) t o s e e if it d o e s in d e e d c a u s e t h e fa ilu r e . T h is c a n s a v e a g r e a t d e a l o f t im e .

.) t

R e p e a ta b ility a n d T A R L is s u e s c o n c e r n in g te s t g e n e r a to r s w itc h in g tim e

V o lt a g e d ip s o r s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n s c a n c a u s e tr a n s ie n t o v e r v o lta g e s to a p p e a r a t h e E U T 's m a in s in p u t t e r m in a ls , a n d t h e c a n s o m e t im e s b e a c a u s e o f in t e r f e r e n c E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 r e q u ir e s s u c h t r a n s ie n t s b e m o n ito r e d a n d r e c o r d e d in t h e t e s t r e p o r t , b u t d o e s n o t r e q u ir e a n y a c t io n t o b e ta k e n o n th e m . A te s t g e n e r a t o r w it h r is e / f a ll t im e s n e 1 s is m u c h m o r e lik e ly t o c a u s e h ig h le v e ls o f tr a n s ie n t o v e r v o lta g e th a n o n w h ic h is c lo s e r t o 5 0 s . T h is c o u ld r e s s ig n ific a n t ly d if fe r e n t t e s t r e s u lt s w h e n s a m e E U T is t e s t e d b y d if f e r e n t m o d e te s t g e n e ra to r e v e n th o u g h th e y a re a 'f u lly c o m p lia n t w it h E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 '. A r e a l- lif e s h o fe w n a n o s e c o m o s t r e lia b le re c o m m e n d s s w itc h th e fa s th a n e v e n th e 1 s s p e c if ie d 2 9 . r t- c ir c u it c a n n d s , s o to h e e q u ip m e n t th t e s t in g w it h g te s t, p re fe ra b m in im u m s w in c la u s e 6 o t s e e . to

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o c c u r w it h in a lp d e s ig n t h e is b o o k le t e n e ra to rs th a t ly m u c h fa s t e r it c h in g s p e e d o f f E N 6 1 0 0 0 -4 -

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3 7
T e s tin g u s in g a lt e r n a t iv e t e s t g e n e r a t o r s a n d /o r d iffe r e n t ty p e s o f te s t w a v e fo r m s f r o m t h o s e s p e c if ie d b y E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 m a y n o t b e a b le t o g iv e 1 0 0 % c o n f id e n c e t h a t 'f u ll- c o m p lia n c e ' t e s t s t o E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 2 9 w o u ld b e p a s s e d . B u t s u c h 'n o n c o m p lia n t ' t e s ts m a y a c t u a lly b e b e t t e r t h a n f u ll t e s t in g t o E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 fo r im p r o v in g t h e r e lia b ilit y o r s a f e ty o f a e q u ip m e n t a s d is c u s s e d in th e p r e v io u s if t h e y T A R L ( t e s t a s r e a l- lif e ) . s e c tio n E M C D ir e c t iv e e n f o r c e m e n t a g e n c ie s g e n e r a lly a s s u m e t h a t e q u ip m e n t in s e r ia l m a n u f a c t u r e a r e te s t e d f o r c o n t in u in g E M C c o m p lia n c e o n a s a m p le d b a s is , t o s h o w t h a t n o a c c id e n ta l c h a n g e s h a v e o c c u r r e d in c o m p o n e n ts , d e s ig n o r a s s e m b ly . T h e c o s ts o f s u c h a Q A p r o g r a m m e c a n o f t e n b e c o n s id e r a b ly r e d u c e d b y t h e u s e o f q u ic k , lo w - c o s t , n o n - c o m p lia n t t e s t s . B e c a n d e a s g e n d e v m ig 2 9 . a u s e d .c . v v a r ia tio n s y to d e v e lo e ra to rs th a e lo p m e n t a h t n o t f u lly o lta g te s ts p lo w t g iv e n d Q c o m p e d ip s , in te r r u p d o n o t in v o lv e - c o s t a lte r n a t iv r e s u lts u s e fu l A e v e n th o u g h ly w it h E N 6 1 0 t io n s R F , it is e te s t fo r th e y 0 0 -4 e le c t r a s s u m p r im e s u it a b ic a in c o ly l a n g th n c e q u a d e le a t h e rn a n lifie d c tro a lth d th a n d n ic a n a t c o e n d s it is m p g in e e r s a fe ty is e n s u re e te n t p , a th d e o b y p le . e lw a y s W h e n a n a lt e r n a t iv e t e s t g e n e r a to r o r m e t h o d is u s e d f o r d e s ig n , d e v e lo p m e n t, o r t r o u b le s h o o t in g a f t e r a t e s t f a ilu r e , r e p e a t a b ility o f t h e t e s t is v e r y im p o r t a n t ( e v e n th o u g h t h e c o r r e la tio n w it h E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 m a y n o t b e ) . A ll s u c h t e s ts w ill n e e d t o f o llo w a p r o c e d u r e t h a t h a s b e e n c a r e f u lly w o r k e d o u t t o h e lp e n s u r e t h a t a d e q u a t e r e p e a t a b ility is a c h ie v e d . W h e n a lte r n a tiv e m e th o d s a r e u s e d a s p a rt o f a Q A p ro g ra m m e , o r to c h e c k v a r ia n t s , u p g r a d e s , o r s m a ll m o d if ic a t io n s , a 'g o ld e n p r o d u c t ' is r e c o m m e n d e d t o a c t a s a s o r t o f 'c a lib r a t io n ' f o r t h e t e s t e q u ip m e n t a n d t e s t m e t h o d . G o ld e n p r o d u c t t e c h n iq u e s a llo w lo w - c o s t E M C te s t g e a r a n d fa s te r te s t m e th o d s to b e u s e d w it h m u c h m o r e c o n f id e n c e . R e f e r t o s e c t io n 1 . 9 o f [ 1 5 ] f o r a d e ta ile d d e s c r ip tio n o f h o w t o u s e t h e g o ld e n p r o d u c t c o r r e la t io n m e t h o d . I f a lt e r n a tiv e m e t h o d s a r e u s e d t o g a in s u f fic ie n t c o n f id e n c e f o r d e c la r in g c o m p lia n c e t o th e E M C D , th e g o ld e n p r o d u c t m e th o d is v e r y s tr o n g ly r e c o m m e n d e d . W it h o u t a g o ld e n p r o d u c t o r s o m e s im ila r b a s is f o r c o r r e la t in g p r o p e r E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 t e s t in g w it h t h e a lt e r n a t iv e m e t h o d a c t u a lly u s e d , t h e a lt e r n a t iv e m e th o d m ig h t o n ly p r o v id e a n y c o n fid e n c e a t a ll if g r o s s le v e ls o f o v e r t e s tin g a r e a p p lie d , a n d th is c a n r e s u lt in v e r y e x p e n s iv e e q u ip m e n t . e c lo s e r a t e s t m e th o d is t o u s in g t h e m e t e s t s a n d m e t h o d o lo g y a s E N 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 , th e m o r e lik e ly it is th a t a o d c o r r e la t io n w ill b e a c h ie v e d . T e s tin g w ith a n o n - c o m p lia n t te s t g e n e r a t o r m ig h t o n ly b e a b le t o c o r r e la t e d w it h t h e r e s u lt s f r o m a 'p r o p e r ' E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 t e s t g e n e r a to r f o r a p a r tic u la r b u ild s t a te o f a s p e c if ic e q u ip m e n t. N o te th a t t h e s o f t w a r e v e r s io n is a n im p o r t a n t p a r t o f th e b u ild s ta te e v e n a s im p le 'b u g - f ix ' c o u ld h a v e a s ig n if ic a n t e ff e c t o n E M im m u n it y . T h s a 6 1 g o

3 8
E v e n h a v in g E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 f u lly a p p lie b y th e s a m e a c c r e d it e d E M C t e s t la b o r a to r y c a n n o t g u a r a n te e th a t a g iv e E U T w ill b e e x p o s e d to e x a c t ly t h e s a m s t im u li e a c h t im e it is te s t e d . B u t if E M C e n f o r c e m e n t a g e n t s t e s t a n it e m o f e q u ip m e n t , t h e y a r e u n lik e ly to u s e t h e s a m e t e s t la b o r a t o r y o r m o d e l o f t e s t g e n e r a to r t h a t w a s u s e d b y it s m a n u f a c t u r e r . S o , a n 'e n g in e e r in g m a r g is r e c o m m e n d e d , b e c a u s e n e T h e r e m ig h t b e v a r ia t io n s in t h e a c t e s t s tim u li p r o d u c e d b y d if f e r e n t m o f g e n e r a to r s w h e n t e s t in g t h e s a m E U T ( a n u m b e r o f p o s s ib le c a u s e s d if f e r e n t te s t r e s u lts b e tw e e n d if fe r m o d e ls o f 'c o m p lia n t ' t e s t g e n e r a t o w e r e d is c u s s e d e a r lie r ) ; T h e re m e th o s a m e le a d in S v c ( c c a n b e v a d s , e v e n w s ta ff a t th e g to d iffe r e r ia t io h e n s a m n t re n s a p e s u d

F o r a ll b u t f u ll c o m p lia n c e a n d 'p r e c o m p lia n c e ' t e s t s , u s in g a n u n c a lib r a t e d t e s t ( f o r w h ic h t h e q u a n t it a t iv e m e a s u r e m e n t is n o t tr a c e a b le to th e n a t io n a l p h y s ic a l s t a n d a r d s ) is n o t v e r y im p o r t a n t. B u t it is v e r y im p o r t a n t f o r a n y t e s ts to b e r e p e a t a b le s o c o n s is te n c y a lw a y s r e q u ir e d in th e t e s t g e n e r a t o r , te s m e t h o d o lo g y a n d te s t w a v e f o r m s a n d le v e ls . A n d a ll o f th e d e t a ils o f t h e t e s t s e u p s a n d b u ild s t a te s s h o u ld b e c a r e f u lly r e c o r d e d in t h e t e s t d o c u m e n t a tio n . P h o t o g r a p h s c a n b e v e r y u s e fu l, e s p e c ia if a n n o ta te d a t th e tim e , a n d d ig ita l c a m e m a k e t h is m u c h e a s ie r a n d le s s c o s t ly t h it u s e d to b e .

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I m p o r t a n t S a f e t y N o t e : A lw a y s t a k e a ll s a fe ty p r e c a u tio n s w h e n w o r k in g w ith h a z a r d o u s v o lta g e s , fo r e x a m p le g r e a te r th a n 2 5 v R M S a .c . o r 3 5 V p e a k o r d .c . If y o u a r e n o t s u r e a b o u t a ll o f th e s e p r e c a u tio n s o b t a in a n d f o llo w t h e g u id a n c e o f a q u a lif ie d a n d c o m p e te n t e le c t r ic a l h e a lth a n d s a f e t y a t w o r k p e r s o n . W h e n c o n s tr u c t in g e q u ip m e n t t h a t e m p lo y s h a z a r d o u s v o lt a g e s , a lw a y s f u lly a p p ly t h e la t e s t v e r s io n s o f a ll r e le v a n t p a r t s o f t h e E N / I E C 6 1 0 1 0 s e r ie s , a t le a s t. T h e c o n a lt e d o e re a re s tr u c tin r n a tiv e s n o t s m a n y g te s t te s t m e e k to p o s s ib ilitie s g e n e ra to rs e th o d s , a n d lim it t h e in g fo r a n d c r e a t in g t h is b o o k le t e n u ity o f

W h e n s e lf - d e c la r in g c o m p lia n c e t o t h e E M C D ir e c t iv e u s in g t h e 'S t a n d a r d s R o u t e ' t o c o n f o r m it y ( A r t ic le 1 0 .1 o f [3 ] ) e v e n if a lt e r n a t iv e t e s t g e n e r a t o r s h a v e b e e n u s e d t o s im u la t e t h e o p e r a t in g e n v ir o n m e n t a n d h e lp a c h ie v e r e lia b ilit y p a s s in g f u ll c o m p lia n c e t e s t s t o E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 c a n h e lp a v o id t h e p o s s ib ilit y o f le g a l c h a lle n g e s in th e fu tu r e . B u t w h e n f o llo w in g th e T e c h n ic a l C o n s t r u c t io n F ile ( T C F ) r o u t e u n d e r 8 9 / 3 3 6 / E E C ( o r w h e n n o t fu lly a p p ly in g h a r m o n is e d s ta n d a r d s u n d e r 2 0 0 4 /1 0 8 /E C ) it m a y b e p o s s ib le t o p e r s u a d e th e m a n d a t o r y C o m p e t e n t B o d y ( o r o p t io n a l N o tif ie d B o d y ) t h a t t h e a lt e r n a t iv e te s t s a n d t e s t m e t h o d s r e p r e s e n t th e e n v ir o n m e n t t h a t t h e e q u ip m e n t is g o in g in to a n d t h e r e is n o n e e d to a p p ly E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 a s w e ll. T h is a r g u m e n t w o u ld p r o b a b ly b e e a s ie r t o w in fo r a c u s to m - d e s ig n e d ( b e s p o k e ) in d u s tr ia l e q u ip m e n t in te n d e d fo r u s e a t a s p e c if ie d s it e , t h a n it w o u ld b e f o r p o r t a b le e q u ip m e n t o r e q u ip m e n t t h a t c o u ld b e u s e d in a n u m b e r o f lo c a t io n s o r s it e s .

in th e te s t p lie d b y t h e t e s t la b o r a t o r y , lts ;

e r ia lly - m a n u fa c t u r a r ia b le im m u n it y p o m p o n e n t a n d a s s e . g . v a r ia t io n s in t h a b le s o r c a b le b u n e q u ip m e n t , m ig h t m t o p ic k u p m a g n e t ic f r o m c u r r e n t s in th e

e d e q u ip m e n t h a v e e rfo rm a n c e d u e to e m b ly to le r a n c e s e ro u te s ta k e n b y d le s , in s o m e ty p e s o f a k e t h e m m o r e lik e ly a lly - c o u p le d n o is e d .c . s u p p ly ) .

S o , w h e n t e s t in g a n it e m o f e q u ip m e n t t o E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 in a fu lly c o m p lia n t m a n n e r , it is r e c o m m e n d e d th a t a d d it io n a l t e s ts w it h h ig h e r le v e ls a n d lo n g e r d u r a t io n s o f v o lt a g e d ip s ; lo n g e r s h o r t in t e r r u p t io n s ; a n d la r g e r v o lt a g e v a r ia t io n s a r e p e r fo r m e d , w ith th e e q u ip m e n t s t ill m e e t in g it s r e q u ir e d fu n c t io n a l p e r f o r m a n c e s p e c if ic a tio n s . T h is w ill n o t c o v e r t h e r e p e a t a b ilit y p r o b le m s a s s o c ia t e d w it h g e n e r a t o r im p e d a n c e o r c u r r e n t c a p a b ilit y d e s c r ib e d e a r lie r , b u t it w ill h e lp t a k e c a r e o f t h e s e c o n d a n d t h ir d b u lle t p o in t s a b o v e .

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3 9
A t t h e t im e o f w r it in g it is u n d e r s to o d th a t n o p r o d u c t o r g e n e r ic s t a n d a r d s lis t e d u n d e r th e E M C D ir e c tiv e c a ll- u p E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 t e s t s , s o h o w ( o r if ) a m a n u f a c t u r e r t e s t s f o r v o lt a g e f lu c t u a t io n s is e n tir e ly o p t io n a l. B u t if E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 is r e f e r e n c e d in a p r o d u c t o r g e n e r ic s t a n d a r d , o r if it is c a lle d u p in a p u r c h a s e s p e c if ic a tio n , c o m p le x q u e s t io n s a r is e if a lt e r n a t iv e t e s t m e t h o d s a r e u s e d in s te a d o f E N 6 1 0 0 0 - 4 - 2 9 fo r d e m o n s tr a tin g c o m p lia n c e . A la r g e r e n g in e e r in g m a r g in is r e c o m m e n d e d , a t le a s t. B u t h o w m u c h la r g e r is v e r y h a r d t o d e te r m in e o t h e r t h a n b y d ir e c t c o m p a r is o n o f th e e ffe c ts o f b o th t e s t m e t h o d s o n t h e id e n t ic a l e q u ip m e n t T h e n e e d fo r e n g in e e r in g m a r g in s ( n o t d r a w n to s c a le ) [1 ] IE C 6 1 0 0 E le c t r o m a g n P a rt 4 -2 9 : T e t e c h n iq u e s in te r r u p tio n s d .c . in p u t p o w [2 ] E N 6 1 0 0 0 C o m p a t ib ilit y a n d m e a s u re d ip s , s h o r t in v a r ia t io n s o n im m u n ity te s th e s a m e E N 0 -4 -2 9 :2 0 0 0 , e t ic C o m p a t ib ility ( E s tin g a n d m e a s u r e m V o lta g e d ip s , s h o r t a n d v o lt a g e v a r ia t io n e r p o r t im m u n it y t e s -4 -2 (E M m e n te rru d .c . ts . ( is d 9 :2 0 0 0 , E le C ) P a rt 4 t te c h n iq u e s p tio n s a n d v in p u t p o w e r N o te : th e B S a te d 2 0 0 1 ) M C ) e n t s o n ts [ 7 ] T h e I E E 's 2 0 0 0 g u id e : E M C & F u n c t io n a l S a fe t y , c a n b e d o w n lo a d e d a s a 'C o r e ' d o c u m e n t p lu s n in e 'I n d u s t r y A n n e x e s ' f r o m h t t p :/ / w w w . ie e . o r g / P o lic y / A r e a s / E m c / in d e x . c fm . I t is r e c o m m e n d e d t h a t e v e r y o n e d o w n lo a d s t h e C o r e d o c u m e n t a n d a t le a s t r e a d s its fir s t fe w p a g e s . C o m p ly in g w it h t h is I E E g u id e c o u ld r e d u c e e x p o s u r e t o lia b ilit y c la im s . [8 ] E M C U p d a te C o m p lia J a n u a ry h ttp ://w w k e it h _ a r - R e la te , K e it h A n c e J o u 2 0 0 3 , p w .c o m p m s tro n g d F rm rn a p 2 lia .a s u n c tio n s tro n g , l, Is s u e 4 -3 0 , o n c e - c lu p . a l S E M N o n - lin b .c o a fe ty C & . 4 4 , e a t: m / A n [1 3 ] T r a n s ie M a r k in g N J a m e s G o rd M c K a y , A u to 2 0 0 3 , 1 6 th N f r o m : s a le s @ n t T e s t R e c e s s it y o n - C o le b m o tiv e E o v e m b e 3 c te s t.c e q u o r B ro o k M C r 2 0 0 o m .

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ir e m e n t s f o r e u re a u c ra c y ? , e a n d A le x C o n fe re n c e 3 , a v a ila b le e v e ra g s , M r n a tio in g to n -7 8 0 3 l, ic h e l n a l D C , -5 6 8 0 -2 ,

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[1 4 ] C o m b in e S im u lt a n e o u s M a r d ig u ia n , 2 S y m p o s iu m o A u g u s t 2 1 -2 5 p p . 1 8 1 -1 8 4 . [1 5 ] E M C T e E m is s io n s , T A rm s tro n g , E F e b ru a ry 2 0 0 h ttp ://w w w .c o k e it h _ a r m s t r o E N a n d IE C fro m th e B r a t: o rd e rs @ a b o u t a s ta s e r v ic e s c a + 4 4 (0 )2 0 8 c s e r v ic e s @ IE C s ta n c r e d it c a h ttp ://w w b e d e liv e

d E ffe c ts , E M I C o u 0 0 0 IE E E n E M C , W 2 0 0 0 , IS B s tin g im W M C & 1 , p p m p lia n g .a s P a rt illia m C o m 2 7 -3 n c e p . 1

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[ 3 ] E u r o p e a n U n io n D ir e c t iv e 8 9 / 3 3 6 ( a s a m e n d e d ) o n E le c tr o m a g n e tic C o m p a t ib ilit y . T h e D ir e c t iv e 's o f f ic ia l h o m e p a g e in c lu d e s a d o w n lo a d a b le v e r s io n o f th e c u r r e n t E M C D ir e c tiv e its s u c c e s s o r ; a t a b le o f a ll th e E N s t a n d a r d s lis t e d u n d e r th e D ir e c t iv e ; g u id a n c e d o c u m e n t o n h o w t o a p p ly D ir e c t iv e ; lis ts o f a p p o in te d E M C C o m p e te n t B o d ie s ; e tc ., a ll a t: h ttp ://e u r o p a .e u .in t/c o m m /e n te r p r is e e le c t r _ e q u ip m e n t / e m c / in d e x . h t m . / [4 ] A s s e E n v ir o n m d o w n lo a D o w n lo a h ttp ://w w s s in g e n t, d a b le d s ' p a w .c h e a n K e fro g e rry E le it h A m th a t c lo u

[ 9 ] W h y E M C t e s tin g is F u n c t io n a l S a fe t y , K e it h 2 0 0 4 In te r n a tio n a l E M C S a n ta C la r a , A u g u s t 9 - 1 7 8 0 3 -8 4 4 3 -1 , p p 1 4 5 -1 4 C o n fo r m ity m a g a z in e , M 2 3 , d o w n lo a d a b le v ia h ttp ://w w w .c o n fo r m ity .c o

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c t r o m a g n e t ic rm s tro n g , e 'P u b lic a t io n s a n d g h .c o m .

A s f a r a s d o in g t h e m in im u m r e q u ir e d t o a c h ie v e a p r e s u m p t io n o f c o n fo r m ity t o th e E M C D ir e c t iv e is c o n c e r n e d s a v in g c o s t s a n d /o r tim e b y u s in g a lt e r n a tiv e te s t g e n e r a to r s o r t e s t m e t h o d s c a n le a d e ith e r t o o v e r - e n g in e e r in g o r t o n o n - c o m p lia n c e . T h e a d d itio n a l c o s t to m a k e th e e q u ip m e n t p a s s th e a lt e r n a t iv e t e s t m e t h o d w it h t h e n e c e s s a r y e n g in e e r in g m a r g in s s h o u ld b e w e ig h e d a g a in s t th e c o s t o f d o in g t h e t e s tin g p r o p e r ly .

[5 ] E u r o p e a n U n io 2 0 0 4 /1 0 8 /E C o n E C o m p a t ib ilit y ( 2 n d h ttp ://e u r o p a .e u .in S e r v /s it e /e n / o j/ 2 0 0 1 e n 0 0 2 4 0 0 3 7 .p d f

n D ir e c t iv e le c t r o m a g n e tic E d itio n ) , fr o m : t / e u r - le x / le x / L e x U r i 4 / l_ 3 9 0 /l_ 3 9 0 2 0 0 4 1 2 3 s a n d In s ta d S h ie ld in g o m p lia n c e 1 7 -2 6 , d o w p lia n c e tro n g .a s p . lla t io n s , K e it h J o u r n a l, n lo a d it

[ 1 0 ] T h e I E E 's T r a in in g C o u r s e o n E M C f o r F u n c t io n a l S a fe t y ( a ls o f o r h ig h r e lia b ilit y a n d le g a l m e tr o lo g y ) , v is it h tt p :/ / w w w . ie e . o r g fo r th e ir e v e n t c a le n d a r to c h e c k th e d a te o f th e n e x t c o u rs e . If n o c o u r s e s a r e lis t e d c o n t a c t t h e I E E 's F u n c t io n a l S a fe t y P r o f e s s io n a l N e t w o r k ( v ia th e s a m e IE E h o m e p a g e ) a n d a s k . [ 1 1 ] S p e c ify in g L if e c y c a n d P h y s ic a l E n v ir o n m D e s ig n a n d T e s t fo r E M S a f e ty , K e it h A r m s t r o n In te r n a tio n a l E M C S y m A u g u s t 9 -1 3 2 0 0 5 . [1 2 ] ty p e c o rr d o w A s o e s p n lo n u f E o n a d m b M d in e d le e n C g , p o E le c tr o ts to fo r F u n IE E E 2 s iu m , C o k a n n d w m a g n e tic H e lp c tio n a l 0 0 5 h ic a g o ,

s ta n d a rd s it is h S t a n d a b s i- g lo b a l.c n d a rd o r o th ll B S I C u s to 9 9 6 9 0 0 1 o b s i- g lo b a l.c a y th e h , a e m b e o n n d a il w

a y b e p u rc h a s e d s I n s t it u tio n ( B S I ) m . T o e n q u ir e r s ta n d a rd s -b a s e d e r S e r v ic e s o n r e - m a il th e m a t o m p u rc h lin e b m a n y ith in a s o o o f th e e d k s th h w ith a to re a t e m c a n o u r.

d a rd s m rd fro m w . ie c . c re d b y

[6 ] E M C fo r S y s te m P a rt 4 F ilte r in g a n A rm s tro n g , E M C & C A u g u s t 2 0 0 0 , p a g e s fro m : h ttp ://w w w .c o m c lu b .c o m /k e ith _ a r m s

e r o f R E O b o d is tu r b a n c e s g E N te s t s ta fro m h ttp ://w w

le ts o n o th e r d t h e ir a rd s c a n b e .re o .c o .u k .

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K e it h A r m s t r o n g g r a d u a t e d in e le c t r ic a l e n g in e e r in g w ith a B . S c ( H o n s . ) f r o m I m p e r ia l C o lle g e L o n d o n in 1 9 7 2 , m a jo r in g in a n a lo g u e c ir c u it d e s ig n a n d e le c t r o m a g n e tic f ie ld th e o r y , w it h a U p p e r S e c o n d C la s s H o n o u r s ( C u m L a u d e ) . M u c h o f h is lif e s in c e t h e n h a s in v o lv e d c o n t r o llin g r e a l- life in t e r f e r e n c e p r o b le m s in h ig h - te c h n o lo g y p r o d u c ts , s y s te m s , a n d in s t a lla t io n s , fo r a v a r ie ty o f c o m p a n ie s a n d o r g a n is a t io n s in a r a n g e o f in d u s tr ie s . K e ith h a s b e e n a C h a r te E n g in e e r ( U K ) s in c e 1 9 7 E u r o p e a n E n g in e e r s in c w r it t e n a n d p r e s e n te d a p a p e r s o n E M C . H e is a t h e IE E s P r o f e s s io n a l G E le c t r o m a g n e t ic C o m p a m e m b e r o f th e IE E E s E c h a ir s t h e IE E s W o r k in g a n d F u n c t io n a l S a f e t y '. C o n ta c t: k e it h .a r m th e C h e r w w w .c h e K e ith s tro n r y C lo r r y c lo A r g @ u g u g m s c h h w h .c tr e e o m r e d E le c tr ic a l 8 , a G ro u p 1 e 1 9 8 8 , a n d h a g re a t m a n y p a s t c h a ir m a n ro u p (E 2 ) o n t ib ility , is a M C S o c ie t y , a n G r o u p o n 'E M C R E O is a n o r ig in a l m q u a lity p o w e r e q u ip m e le c t r o n ic c o n t r o lle r s e le c t r ic a l r e g u la t o r s , a p p lic a tio n e x p e r tis e s p e c ia lis e d , in d u s t r ia C o th e to g e le fe e n t r o lle p a rts e th e r c tro m d e rs . rs d e a n d w it h a g n e a n u fa c tu re r o f h e n t , in c lu d in g , c o m p o n e n ts a a ll b a c k e d b y th d e m a n d e d b y l s e c to rs , s u c h ig h n d e a s .. D C P o w e r S u p p lie s fr o m R E O

4 2

s ig n e d s p e m a te r ia ls h a w id e r a n g ts fo r d r iv in

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T h is g u id e is o n e o f a s e r ie s . Y o u c a n r e q u e s t a ll p u b lis h e d a n d fu tu r e g u id e s b y s e n d in g a n e m a il to m a in @ r e o .c o .u k o r fr o m o u r w e b s ite a t w w w .r e o .c o .u k

P o w e r c o n t r o lle r s f o r a d ju s t in g r e g u la tin g v o lt a g e , c u r r e n t , f r e q p o w e r , a s w e ll a s it s lo n g e s t a b v a r ia b le t r a n s f o r m e r s ( v a r ia c s ) a n d s lid in g r e s is t o r s o f a ll ty p e s c o m p le m e n t e d b y a r a n g e o f m e le c t r o n ic , v a r ia b le p o w e r s u p p C o m p o n e n ts fo d r iv e s e m p lo y e a p p lic a tio n s ; in f ilt e r s a n d b r a k in d u c t iv e d e v ic c o m p o n e n ts fo r o llin g s t o c k , w h ig h - f r e q u e n c y S p e c ia l, s a fe ty , m p lu s h ig h s w itc h - m r a d a p tin g v a d in n o n - s t a n c lu d in g in d u c in g r e s is t o r s . e s e x t e n d s in r e le c tr ic a l tr a h ic h in c lu d e s tra n s fo rm e rs s fo rm e e n e rg y tra n s fo s u p p lie

n c y o r h e d to 1 M V A T h e s e a re e rn , s . s p e e d M C n g e o f a y n d s a n d

o n g b y e m a il a t r r y c lo u g h . c o m o r v is it b s ite

r ia b le d a rd to rs , E T h e ra t o r a ilw c tio n a c h o k e .

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to r o id a l tr a n e d ic a l a n d -fre q u e n c y o d e p o w e r

r s u s e d in - s a v in g s y s t e m s m e r s u s e d in s .

T e s t e q u ip m e n t s u c h a s lo a d b a n k s a n d v a r ia b le A C / D C p o w e r s u p p lie s , R E O a p a rtn e c o n s id fo r c re c tiv e ly s e r s , p a r tic u e r s t h is t o a tin g n e w a rc h la r ly b e a n d e s in a n o r fo r n ic e s s ig in d e h e e n a l v e lo p m e n t m a rk e ts , a n d t ia l s t im u lu s id e a s .

A s im p le b e n c h - to p D C p o w e r s u p p ly u s in g a v a r ia b le t r a n s f o r m e r a n d r e c tif ie r w ith s m o o t h in g c o m p o n e n ts .

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