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`g ukd Te wa , 4g ;l uoht jkv g eH q;e 4g Cgu q;e hH jgkc jGf 4g h , , , z 1 , 1 , rkt gj Cgu ;e hH Cgd jGf lm ]g kry ht ]g kry ki kd rev lm kt q 1 s , s , s s 1 s 4g hrxy uOm jkv h , s s d r1ev iNf e a;o hg tgl Ifn hdlm ]g kry ukt rfkH hd q;e kt kd s X 1 , s a 1 s s uoht rFfdkFr 4g hH rev e a;o jgkc d jkll3d ;el udfy 4,g hg , 1 X s a s s q 1 X ;e e jkll ]e ;el 4hxLi Bk[nf ;e jkv kjkp skr [n jkv yk[ [kv a X s \ q 1 s X X s , X s X a 4krkg Cgu hH Nd l Nhi s q s s jGf 4g d;okv kukt rp rgj xem 4Sgfkp [kv Syf d upgi dr uoht , s s a X a s s qa 4g krdl kt y Cgu Cgd j,kv rDjfrfv d ;1e ui , s s q k/v g; 4g Sg suc /v ikv jkv g nc [kv hdikv df >el kr ]Cgu nf; a T q s a , T a X a X s `g Sg ydkv kd uki T q q s s kd rkKv jiM d rkK <ki dikv k;D `g lk; Bkd hlS jrhH dikv k;D s s z s , s s s 4g hrkynf 'oi Xe kjr , s z X jgx jRkjRm d uoht hgo dfk;D ]Cgu ;kHkl Bkd jkv kLc l klhHv s s s X , s , \ s lb 4g hrkg kni klhHv Idm jkv ohr hd uki kd uoht hH jrhH jkeg , s , , z s s s ukt kj?f l kIiy hd q;e kd gx d ;o hg lo ]xkH jgkc d j? lm s X 1 s 1 s a s , s s jGf jkv g Bg hxy xkv elm g kOc e j? ltf go df ukt Bkd lt 4g , , q X , , X s s s , , krkg oHnm kd k{kdkv hd uki kd uoht hg jdukt kj?f e rfFf hd Id s . a s s X l lb kd ;o 4g rn jd Ii hH kd rfFf [ek;1e jkv hj?f l ;e kd a s a T s s s q s , s q 1 s ;o {p7jkpof rdV g krkg uZ'n kd q;e hd kjln yod kr l kv{pZep a q q , s 1 X w s s s X q 4Sgfkp If1n el hd jkpof Syf d u[n lm 4hrkg Cgu hg Idi dr cr hry ki Cgu w s s s s s z s kr<i huiv go df dr ct df g heh/ hrub k;fi g; hd <je 4g rgj Z w , z T s srje jh/7jh/ cl eg 4g ;e def go ]g k[j >el uoht uikv ltf 4 s s , q 1 , s s g gj hg je tkj7tkj ikv 4g kgj hg kg Arro3g kd ukg hH Fkl dikv T s s s , s q , s s s s hgo 4g hrLi Bk[nf ;e hH huiv e q;e hdlm kr kg [kv hd u[n kd , \ q 1 X 1 s X X a s s s ;l lki dikv nf; 4g rgj uc d'n ikv 4kF kd ujxf hg ji lm ;kH s T s s Z s s Z q n g; lt g rgj L[ lsS ikv jkv g krjxf e ge d ;e Bkd hg unfrfzi s , T s s \ s , , X qa s q 1 s 4g gj ky T s p kdikv hg o df k; g gj kyp gm ikv `g gj kt Syf kgd kdikv j,i s s T s X T s a s dikv 2kpkl jkv kjgO 4g kr[n rLkn e ge d ;e a;o kd hHl e 4g s s s , s wa s s ,\ X qa s q 1 s T T s rkt Lkn Cgo hHl jkv g kuLkn e ;e kuLkn e ;el 4g ike go kd k< s ,\ , , ,\ X q 1 ,\ X , X jp hg dlm ]g rfx hd q;e ;el 4g ke/<je hHl ]g hH Nd kt e ;el s , 1 , Z , q s X
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4g hg ;koufv kr kuukt kd ;o oi d uukt kd ;l , Z s s a Z w s s s `kxwadl ukt ld kd ;l jdgj s , s s w X cL e ukKv lb kr g krukt Cgu hg lm e ct ]g kgj tk[ kt df kvg rk s wa s T , s s q K 4Bg rkK krF; hd tk[ ]rtk[7rtk[ jGf 4kF krtk[ hg lS hH ;o Te q Z s s s s s s s s a 4g Sg _dS kg; ikv hg Syflb ]gd Nd e /acl hlm 4g rgkp T q a wa q X a T s kujd uZ'n d joB kr hH ikv dfk;D g Bkv kg nk; lk;kuv >e kuI? g; s s X , s s q 4g kukt dIH l ;l kukt , s k[ e kvkuid ub rdV 4g Fel e sun jkdkv kd kuid hH hldf ue kd s X X q , Z X s s ;ue 4g Skuid hg hjkeg so ]g rkg uZ'n kt l eku d kekeji ]_ef 4g q T a T s s s s s , oHlv u'n kdlm Syflb jkv iWo kjkeg g kekeji 4g krkt kg ji jkv a Z , , , s , jgkc leg go hg <jkd d ukt uc ;n 4krdl kg Cgu iWo kjkeg go ]g s s s 1 s T rdl [n eg ltf Arro `ld sxkukt lm ]kg hg ;o er kt jkv `ld x s s s q s , s s s a q s , s , s skvki lm ]g Cgu hg k;k[ ltf 4g uhgFv hg ydcf tk[ hd uukt jkv uki s , s s , Z q s s , s kd joB 4g krgd ler e hg; 94kg rdl kg ;ov joB a;o kr kgkp u s wa s q T s s s s s dfy 4rdl kg Cgu uZ'n ]Cgu ]Cgu `uZ'n d joB8 A kF kgd u <ej hJ 4 s s s s s kF kNi l <ej hJ u hldf hgo ]kg rNi l>e er kt83kgd lum ue Arv w s s s s w s q q s s s T a 2dl kt k[n lm df g Cgu k;kji kr hH kurb kekeji `dl kt Sdf u' s s s , s X Z n dlm df g jgkc k;D kekeji ]udfsy 4CF yqdkv hLc Syf d u'n d ke s , \ s Z s keji [kv so hg ;puf 4hF klhHv hLc ]hF k{kdkv hLc e kvlkv um 4Cy X a \ a \ X X q a ep [kv hjH l kvlkv hdum jdy Iduf jkv gm `krgd k;D e hH jGf w X a s X q a s , X T 9`rdl kjd Cgu u'n s Z d joB >e ikv k;D 4g k;kv lki dikv l k'kv hLc e 4Sgfd kr Nd3 s s q wa s s \ T s q Sgfd8 Akgd jGf sukgm jd[n iqp >e l,o 4kF e ue je kr cl g; ]qrdV X s s q s X ss s 4g krkt yduf hg jn jkv sl , w , kekeji go ]g krkt e tk[ hd jnfe jkv hldf kt jdLkN kd jnfe d ezsi , X s a , s s\ s a s 4g krkt Li hg e yH go ]g krtk[ kd kekeji kt jdtk[ u kd ezsi , \ X w , s s s s s 4g Cgu krukt e kd ke wa T s keji jkv hldf kr rDjfrfv d ei 4k;yf y Iduf jkv gm `krgd k;D Te , s s zs s , X 94g kLi e k<rxe e df k; g joB k;D wa \ X 1 1 T , Sgfd 4g krgkp kujd uZ'n d joB e8 ]kgd sukgm Arrv jGf 4Cgu nk; N wa s T X a d krhc ;el kurdf lS 4k;df rokv gm u uke jH l ei rdV ]hF hg q s s X s , s s zs q rfFf hd ugd u ]kF kd ugd Nd u 4kgj kOc uke e [j Fkg ji s/ad du s s s q , , T s s m dr jn hLs\kF 4k;yf y Iduf ue gm 4g gj jxf lkv j>7j> l k[kv 4g s s s T X T s w a s X a T gj kj o df k[n kr ]sOc 4kgd kd suOc lum 4F L[ /kl ko; dS ]k[sn j s s s s s , s , s s s \ q q dIky 4hLi Bkul sNhi Igkv hd kji d hldf jGf 4kF kIkUl dr jn7jwn 4kF , \ q X , s w kr[n kd 'kdkv kydv ]kF ji Ir7hnu e ]hF ke<i 4g rkc hd _fkj dS s s s T w ,
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f lm 4g krkK l iWZ;koufv o 4g krukt kt g go kr o 4g krdl kg hg s , s , s , s , s kd ji kr kuukt4g krdl kg hg ji kr go `kxkg ld o go ]g krdl kt k s , s s s s , , ukt kt df gj <je hH jGf 4g kgd hg; hH u < jkv Ibk 4g kgd h s s , s , , g; hH u jhokge jkv 0c ]g kgd hg; u rkjdl 4kukt kd a;o3g krgd Te s , q , s q s s wa 4g rxlv hg n' g , a o ]g kuokHlv 9u'n7ekv8 ][sn je 4Cgu ;pkv Bkd kr kg rkt kg uhgZF , a Z s s s Z s s X s s v endS o kgo ]g hg dS kgt ]g r}v kgt jkv 4g d rxt d r} n' h s a , a , , a , T s . s , Hl nfku'n ]ukK Arro `kxkg ld rk{kl `kxkg ld u'n `kxkg ld ukK Z q s s , s s , Z s s , kgo ]g Cgu kn kgt 4Sgfkp Bqn ]Sgfkp r} Syf d ukK `g krdl kg ld uk a T s a , s , s s , K kd ;o ]dfk;D 4g dekH Lc n' nfkv 9u'n ekv8 ]9ukK ekv8 ]udfy a X T z s \ Z s 4g Cgu tk[ dek/ tk[ Bkd jkv rDjfrfv d uk/lqukekv , s s s , s a 4g hrkg 0lf tk[ hd <kouf jkv hd ;l ]h , s s Z , d joB Arrv hg tk[ hdlm 4g kgj tk[ cl skt lm tk[ 4tk[ u cl g; a s , s s X s X s 3{ke ]<kouf ];l ]joB df g hugd hg; s>e kr rkc hygi Syflb ]_ef s Z , q s 4 g k;df hg Syf d uxkH jkv supc l a;o u ;ue hH jkdofkv kdlm 4g k , s s , s s q , Z Ne hH go ]g k;ke hH go ]g jkll hH go dr cr ]g jgkc dr ct joB w , , a , 4 xaH7eH kd krdFkl hd k;y hHl d jgkc Syf d uukt jkv Sgfkp kukg ; z Z X s s s , s y jgkc Syf d suxkH 4kxkt e a;o k; kxkH l ;o A g idof hg kn jkv s s X s s a T s , 4g hrdl kt y Cgu hH Cgd go ]g u;kyi sl , s , a ;o tk[ kt dfk;D 4g ;kH hg kryGof Syf d Sg xkH l ;o 4g krxy s s X , s q s s a , Cgu Fkg hH Nd jkv rDjfrfv d [An l uisLkxH d rfkH lb rdV `g sr q , s q s s\ s a q T gj rxkH Cgu kd uy <j' Cgd eg hg jdxkH sl krrDjf lb ]uiydv lb s s s s s s ]jkd/v lb k;D `krrDjf ]uikydv ]jkd/v `g kr[nf k;D kgo 4[n jrhH a s a , a X s `g Cgu k; T a /fof hg hd u;kyi l ;o Xtk[ cl "' rDjfrfv d a;o k;D 4g hrxy uy s a s s s , s p tk[ hd joB jGf jkv dl kt kpc l a;o dfkr g hryp tk[ hd jklal s , s s , s 4g krdl kg , s hH ;kim kd upc l tk[ hd Iduf jkpof kd tk[ hd jn `kxSki tk[ sld s s s s w s , jn kr g krki tk[ Cgu hg Iduf kt ]g Felv e utk[ hg e a;o kt jkv w s , s s , Z X s s X s , 4g oHl hukg tk[ hg l utk[ el , a s s s s s X m Syflb ]g Iduf d/fkol d ;o dfp hg kRl hd a;o 4g hg e ;o xke , Z s a wa , X a Z erIduf kd supgi dr lm rdV 4g hgo e kRl xel 4g gxt cl kr ;l qa q , X z , s 4g krkt y[ kykr kd ;l hg rki d htd hd ukKekv , q s s qa 4g Cgu "s' kd uukt jkv Nd cv df g krkt kukt hg rukt kd ;o jkv , s s , q , s s a ,
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kekl jdki 4g k;yf dkP lm uikv l ukekl yod ]Cgu k;x Cgd jkv ]g , a s s s s , , Cg; go 4g rk;i e j? dikv ukF rDjf83kgd lum jGf ue 4kxy ulg Te , Z X s s s T s a ul rkc hdum 9`l kgd hH aSky gxt udfsy ]g Cgu ydcf gxt e j?83 q s a , q X kgd l>e u rfig1x e rkj 4g krkg hg e ukF rDjf lm kugj ]Cgu e kjkoh s q s X , s X X X n dfk;D g g1x hg ukF rDjf go ]Cgu jkohn 4g eku hg kd ukF rDjf j?f X , X , s sl kjkohn kr j? dfk;D ]Cgu kF j? jkv kF ukekl hg ukekl kgo Arro 4kF X s X , a q k;x kg kIkN ydcf l krd/fv hd ukekl rdV ]kF kLc skr j? 4hF u gx s s q s q \ t hH hd suyL7uygf df kF ukekl kurb e j? lm 4kF Ffrfv e j? dS Te q s X X `g k;D jk} ]g k;D Zxke ]g k;D /fof hd uki kd ukK lb , , , s s `kgd kekv dr kgo ]g krgv dr kgt jkv g ufo hd kragv a a , a a , , X e n' lm ]dfk;D 4kgd Cgu 9kekv8 lm df k;df hg dhO u 0c 4ekuv X s s q u jkv g ekv Bkd u kgo dfk;D ]gd hg ukK lm eg df g rpfm hH jkv , , s a X X s , , 4ukKekv g hg eku kd kFok0' <i hd ukK , q Z w ukKekv g hgo ]g krkt gj "' ukK kt ]g krkt gj "' kt kgo`kxkg ld krkK akg , , s s , s s a s s , o ]Cgu ;K kgt dfk;D 3krkK Bkd u ]g ;K u kgt qrdV 4ukK7Fkni3g /c s a X s , s a Z , a l kd ;K jkv krkK 4rov g hgo ]g krkK ]g krukt kt3ro g hgo ],g hr a s , q , , , s q , uc ;K ]g ;K skt e ylv 4g hrkt hukt rfkH hd ;K Sro hjkl hd rxt s , s X T a s a q . 4g ukK 0' go 4g ukK _ke , q , kr kgo 4krkK u jkv g ;K u e ukKekv 6g ;K jkv ]g krkK e ukK7Fkni s a , , s X , s , , X Z 4okHv kd h;"of7;"of ukKekv ]g /cl kd h;"of7;"of ukK7Fkni , a a Z 4g krkg Cgu Nd hg kd uukt kgo dfk;D ]ukKv e , s q s s a X ji kr gkp k; g krkt gj Cgu "s' kd uukt hH Nd jkv jGf dfk;D ]Xgd u s X , s s q , X kK eji lm kr gkp Syflb 4g Cgu /cl kd ;K7krkK go 4g rpfjfi eg d s s X , a a s T f lltf ]g Cgu ukK hgo go hg ;puf `jd Fv k;D kd ukKekv eg ]jGf s , X Z 4g hrgj huc gWn jkv uOfd kuI? yjl hlt u , q , , kKekv Syfhlb n;k' 4Cgu kd ;o rfkH hlm udfy g krdl ukt kdcl Te s a a s wa s 4g Cgu oHl kr kukuc ;K kd ;o udfy ]y Ldi Ni huiv o , a s s s a s X \ wa s df g krdl kg rdV `g hrdl kg rfki hd Ni gm k;D hH kr Skt kg hH , s q , s z wa X s a s yxki o e lk;i lb 4g hrkt Ig l kr?h' hg hurm Ni ]g rIi> sl kroh s X z , s z wa T s z r hurtf o `g k[n hHd uikv rjd kIp yGlv hd uLdi kd Ni hg hui s , s s s s s \ s wa v ;o kd kRd k;D `g Cgu rfkH hd lk;i d u[n l [akv hlm kd [kv k a s X q , a z s s s s s a ;D kIsp hd suukt hg kd krkK cv 4g krukt Bkd jkv g krkt kukt Nd akg s , s , , q o 4g ;K Nd ]g krkK Bkd kgo ]g ukK kgt `kxkg ld ukK kd krkK 4g kr , s q , s a , a s s , , kg kd ;K kr ukK kdlm jGf kr 4krdl kt k;kuc Cgu ;K l ;kim hH hld s s s s s s
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94g kr , kt kg ;lv hg l ugd go ]kgd hH kt e /cl d ;l83g kgd u slkvky s s s s s X a a s , s s 4g oHlv n' Syf dlm 4g o , a s , Z irHv rfHquv g; 4g ;K u ]g krkK Bkd kr u e jkdk{kl lb kg; ]qrdV w w w , s , s s X a 4g jkdk{kl kd , ;o Cgo ]g rfwHuv kt Cgo ]g idouf ]g jkpouf ]g ;"ouf kgt kurp a , q s , , , a s 4g uk , Kekv hg3kr;' 3kr0' go jkv 4g 0' go Cgo ]g rDe l ;K kgt ukK w q , , q , q s s a 4g krkg Orfio go Cgo ]g rDjf7;"of kgt ukK , s z , a `kx ukt Cgu hg kd ;o ukK kr kxkg Cgu ;"of Bkd kd uukt ct k;D `kxSkt s s a s s s s s uc Cgu dIk?nm kd kRl hd ;o <jkd d ukg hg e ;o ukK e kr;' . a s s s X a X w lm ]e krrDjf lm ]e ykjrv lm k;D `kg k;D kr kg rDjf7;"of ukK nf; X X a s s s 4krki kg Cgu rDjf udfsy ]g krkt /c l jln kr g krkg rDe l ;"of dS s , a s s w s , s q s ukK 4g krkt kg uexkv kd jln kr g krkt jkpof dS 4g krkt kv kjlwn , s s w s , , kr ]g krIg ;"of dS 4g hdP3l k;"of3l ;K go udfy ]g rDf' hd ukK s , , a s X s s s , `g , kgd hg idof Bkd jkv rDjfrfv dlb 4tk[ jkv ]dk> elm ]g rDf' d a s , s wa s , wa a X , f kt ukK ]g kre{ df kt ukK `Wd k;D cv `g ukd Cgu rkK udfy ]g Te s , s a wa , s wa 4g krdl kt ktk[ xke hg ji jk/kv d kukn ub ]kukg kd ukK e>e3kre{ , s Z s X s s X q hd suukt hje jkv orfv kje3kukg kje 4jd jkpof ][n kd k;r kn ub s , s s s X X s s X s 4g ;l kr3kre{ hd uukt3kuukt , s s kje udfy ]kg uo ]kg ;lv ]kg u ;l go ]ukt kt df g krdl kg g; s s s s s wa s , s `g u'n ]g kurp ]g ukK , Z , s , Xe>e3g krukt e df g Cgu /nflv hH g; k;D jkv 4g /nflv g; ]g Te q wa T , a , , a wa `g ukd `g k;D ] wa , wa udfy dhO kr kl g `waukt lb ld `g k;D 9e8 g; `g ukd 9e8 g; ]udfy s s s wa s s , , T wa , T s 9`kxjd ukd dlm kucf hH gnl dfk;D ]g e hH kr Wd hH gsn s , s s a X wa T s a al83g kgd u rkdn df kl,t 4g krdl kt k;df Cgu gnl kr ji ;o udfy , s Z s , s a s a s ]sdl kt k;df gnl ji cl 4g /nflv kukg g; kje 4hg g kr e ]kg ukKv s a , a s s wa s T s ]kg ukK 4hg g kr e3e [An ]e [l ]rOc7rOm ]rxkt7rkl 4g jrjuf kr Te s wa s T X q X q s , s s s s wa a s 4g hg; hH /fof hd ukK7ekv , 94g Cg; jkv hHv go jkv okIg ukekl 4g k;x dcn l jL d u , , , X , q s s kekl ]g hg jrhH kr go 4g k;x kv jrhH go df xSki ikv kr jd jgkc u , s , s a s X
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4g jkohn hg hd kn' ]Cgu hd kjFi phc d k;ue 4g k;nf Lkr kd T X X X s X q , s\ s ;ue hg u kn' ub 4g krkt gj hg jn e/ jkv ]g ruc ;knil l Xkn' 4 q s X , w Z , T s z a s g Cgu ;l o ji ]kg rdl hg yH d sukt jkv hd ;l n' 4g kgo hg n' T s X s a s s s T a 4g Cgu e/ go ]g kt e k_k' 4g krdl kg Cgu rxrv d h<ko go ]g sj , Z T s X X , s Z a s , i d jkpof kt 4kxkg Cgu e/ go ]g krdl kt kgd kt `gd k;D ji e/ Te s s s Z , s wa Z `g k;D e/ , Z 4kr_ro g hgo ];l g hgo ]kRl7o g hgo ]g "' kt a , , , , s s cr ]g Cgu kgt uo 4g /yim ;l hg rk[ uo3g krkjgkn Aui e ]_ef T a , s s wa s q T 4g /yim ;l hg rk[ uo 4,g ; , s s l kt ]g krkt k;yf ukt go hg jdk[ kdcl lm ]g krdl kt k;k[ ltf 4 s , s s , s s g Cgu ;l df kt g d;okv kuk[ kdcl lm l kurp Syf d uki kd iWo , s , s s s s s s s lb ]kd ;l lb 4;l g kr hgo ]g urkul ]g knl skt `g k;D ;l jkv s , s , , , , 4kekeji g , kr hgo ]g krdl k[ Cgu ltf e 4iWo g kr hgo ]g krdl k[ Cgu ltf Te s wa s s T , s wa s s 94g kvg k;ki , q hg l knl kt go k;ki jkv Bk[ k<r jkv Lkn hd rfkH cl ]Sk[ jkpof ]B s s , s 1 , ,\ a s k[ kulko 4Cgu hH Nd k;ki ]Nd rgc k;k[ 4Cgu hH Nd83kF kgd u 0c s q q q s q s q kr 9`kyef k;D kdikv l /fkel83kNi u hldf l 0c rxkFr nkc d /fkel s s s w s s q s 4g hg sl knl , go kgt ]g hrkt pgi kgo kursp hg rLkN3kd tk[ hd rfkH cl3kd tk[ a , qa a s s\ s s a s s 4g rkt T s s kg ;w' l suukt cl kt g rki ukt hg o jkv g rn LkN tk[ cl kt ]g sr s s T s s , T s s s\ s s T ki tk[ hg o yod kd kekv Syflb 4g Cgu UHf htk[ jkv tk[ e tk[ s s s s , s , s X s lm 4g iWo hg kd sykosutk[ g; dfk;D krdl kt Cgu hH ktk[ lm Arro , s X s s q 4g Cgu hH ;"of go dfk;D ]g , X , krdl kt k;kuc hg ;y kd k{kdkv hldf lm hg u jkv g Cgu ;K kekv a s , , s 4g krLi yp e k'nf ryx hg e <jp eFi go ]g krLi yduf , \ X X z , \ s s utk[ rfkH hd Fkni ;K dS kd kekv rDf; kt e tsk[ hd ukKekv 4g h a Z s s s X , rkt kg rfkH hLc l usy Ldi kd krxfb j/v Sx Sdf e /cl d ;l qrdV s az \ s s \ s X a s w X a a s 4g krn hg gd kr g; ]g krgkp kugd Lx udfy kg krki g , s s , q\ s s d u hH Nd gkp go `g krgd Nd e /cl d Lx hH kxx 4kg jk'b o yG q s , q X a a s q\ wa X s s lv hg urdf jkv kg j/v hg surdf rxfb o gkp jGf ]g krgkp kun jc[ s , X sw a s s , s hd rDfe hdlm ]hd dkykv dlm ]hd nukv dlm ei rdV 4rhrkn' g ukK q s s a s zs q , `g hg rgd Nd T s q hH kr gj uke e /cl dlm `g hg rgd Nd hH kr ]gd lm ;hupoufv s X , X a a s T s q s X s Z `g k;x kgd e /cl ldf kurm ]g k;x kgd kurtf e /cl d ;l hH jGf , X a a , X a a s
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cl jkv ]g krjd okup cl kt ]g kuukt lm kr go 4g Cgu okup e/ 4g , , q s , s s , q Z , okup kd kjkpof H' e /kjof d kjkpof H'v rfhu 4g rkt kg Syf d krk q X q X s s X q T s s s X j xyv e/ jkv rfhu Cg; 4krkt y Cgu jki d jkpof jkv ]g hg djfkpo o Z , s s , , , kup kl,o 4g kuup Cgu kd Hq'v k; H' 4g kujd 'oi jgx rfkH lb jkv q , q s q , s z s a , ]g Cgu e g; df g kuukt jkv ]g kukt r[j jn jdkOm kd jkpof dS7dS wa T , , , s w s 4g kekv hje go 4g kRl d<fkeki hje hgo 4g dofrko hgo ]g krg , s , z s , , j pc kt ji suyhN cl 4g krgj pc Nd cl e uiv ]g krpc Cgu hH Nd s , q X s , q Xe rv kr e tk; 4g kuyhN kd uiv hg klS `g k[n Sg ryhN kd tk; a s X , s s s , s q s s 4g ir hg; 4g kujkrm kd hLep huiv ],g Cg , , s \ u hg kujkrm kd k_o g; 4g uOfd Bkn[ g; 4Skt kv u Fkg <in kd uke s X , q Z , df dr ct ]g kukIg kd y/ hd jkpof 4Skt kg Cgu /yim rkyt kd n , s w s s 'Auf df dr ct ]g kuyp nk[ dr ;el lm kd n' 4g kudQ hg ji lm , s s s , ]g ;l uu kt jki d k_o 4g hjWt sun jhp <jokv cl kd uki kd kekv , s s X T s s s s 4g Bx uc <jokv kjkeg y/ hg hdum , w X e k_k;7uoht 4g ri hjgkc hjkeg hg o 4g hg dofkHko g; jkv g ryef y T Z s , , T s s gi hg jFi7Ldd d kn' 4g krkt kg hH e Bkn[ hd ;o hg klo ]Skt d \ a s X , s X q a , Q kg 'kjuf jdki kd jFi7Ldd jkv Skt unk[ kvd Bkd lt 4g hrn jd s s \ a , s s a q s s , , s lifko gm jkohn ;nv go 4g rkv Iky lifko hg l jkpof xky Ar<jk/kl X 1 T s , s s 4g hrdl yef Cgu lm hH /x hd jki dlm 4g jkpof kehl hd , s a s , jkpof 4krdl ukt Cgu kd rhrv l jkpof ]jkpof dfk;D ]krki pgi Cgu s s X qa dr e/ ;ue kr k;kv l jkpof jRm 4g jHuf Nd cl hg ji jRm d uzi Z q s s , Z q s lb `g Nd e>e hH rhrv jkv UHf lub dfk; ]g rkel hg ji kjkpof u , q X q , s wa X b Te k;D 4g k/c e kj? ri7ri d n' e jkv ]g hg n' cl s; ]uo jkv wa a X X s Z Z s T , T , Skuid ]k;rfe ]jkpof 4g rsn Bk[nf n' hg n' kgo 4g kr[n jrhH Te a a 1 T s a wa s 4kF Cgu hg _o yod udfy s s ]kF e k_o kt jkv ]F _o dltf rki yef Cgu lm jkv g rkt Ief rukt X X s , s s s s , T s s 7rukt hg kd k_o suiv eg jkv ]g krn sukg Cgu Idi ufv hd ;l akv/ s s X , , s s z q kd n' 4g e df kt krn upgi Cgu dr suiv kd rhxl lm ygkykd kd kn wa T s s s qa s a s X ' 4g krkt hg iNf jxkl go e kxjr hdum 4g rn uukt Cgu kd a;o n' , X X a T s s s s 4g Cgu jwn hg ;o lc 4g jn cl "' ] , a , w s g ;l kd Iduf lcl hg ;l kd ;o df Syflb g; 4g krdl kg Cgu rpf , s a , s jfi l ;l jkv Iduf l ;l go g rpfjfiv kt l ;o jkv jn kt sl ;o s , s , s s a , w s a 4g Sx yduf jwn rgc likv suiv eg e <jluv dgkel d n' jkv ]g k T q s X q s s , , uf hjkeg n' 4g rgfkel elm cl eg jkv g kj? _e dS kd kn' 4g S T s X , , s a X , g Sdf jn lcl lm hgo ]g Sg Sdf jn l ;l kt e ylv 4g jkohn hg hd q w s s , q w s s X , n' hH phc d ;l jkv ;ue 4g jkohn hd n' phc d ;ue jkv ;ue s , q T X s q , q
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go 4g hrkt kg rIf? rfk yekv cr jkv g hrkt pgi hH ji ncV7ikRm d , s a w , , qa q s <jdhiko hHd7hHd k;fzi rrl hd urojfi udfy 4g Cgu hg uoht Bkd Z s , s e okHv d urojfi dfk;D ]g krgj krkg onl urojfi kr e kFv rgc7LkF X s Z X , s , Z s X q s s\ 4kF k;kv Cgu hH ;el Bkd kd rfk yekv hurb e kurp ;houke n;k' 4 s a w X s g gj jtqx l rfk ZoirHv dS hH eg 4g gj jtx l kLhi7oli lb hH eg T s s a w w T s q s \ z 4g krkg Cgu kr hH et Bkd d kLh , s s s s \ i7oli kucf udfsy 4g niId rgc hg rpfuf k;fi g; hd lkdof 4g krskg z , z q z , kujtx hH l jkd/v d _fkj e kyc hd <el jGf 4g hrkg hun n kncf k q s a s X s a , s s s s d ;l ukji rpfjfi hg tkj Syf d ;nm d ;l Su 4kxkg kujd rxko kd Z w s q s s s Z w s rpfjfiv kFr Su jkv hxkg hun kncf kd rpfjfi jkv ukji hg jrjuf dr , s s s , s q a cr g krkt kg Cgu Z<i ;ue dr ct 4g Cgu k'nf hd rkK kukt dQ ji r , s w q , kK 4g krkt dQ hg ji rkKv go ]g krkt dQ ji rkK kt 4g hrkg rrojfi , , s , s jkv ryfoi hg l lgkl d su[j <jp e rkKv l rkK ]rfk; hd rkK 4d , z s s X s s s l kg rkK hH go g rkKv kt dfkr ]g krL\i kuLkN lm g krkt kg rkK kt s , s , s\ s , s s 4g hg e rkKv , X l rkKv jrjuf kr lkdof kd uoht dfk;D ]g gj rkg oHuv kd henkv Xe s a s X T s s s q s x; d;i okH ; 4g hg dofkHko kuxy klS ;el ryk[ kdku e jxkl r q s z s , s s s , X kKv 4kF kgj Li kukt lm e rxt hcutv jkv uktuv lm ]kF Cgu rpfjfi \ s X . , s hg ydcf kt jkv ]kF kgj IwN go kF rpfjfi kt 4kF kgj jd 'oi go Xe q s , s s z .rxt rkKv hg ydcf dS 4sxkg hg gj okH ; kr e ue dlm hH kr kg kg q X s s s X s s s d hH u udfy ]Cgu k; kF kgd g; hHd u henkv ygi Cgu kri 94g gj jt s s s T s x l rafk hL\c rgc dS eg83F o ]sF gd l oB n' ygi lcl kt Sg sry q s a q s s s s s s s q duf l jk} u enkv kr Sx sykduf jgkc l ;kj d xo oB jkv enkv ct s s s s s Z , df g krkt kgd 4kd kuI? hygi lcl hd lkgrfb d ;ue g krjd <je Te , s s s q wa lkoof jkv e/ e ufv hd ukKof , Z X 4g krkg /yim ;l hg rLkN kd n' yod 4kg rdl ki <{ hlb , s s s\ s s s s jkv hHv er lm ]krdl n Cgu hH Bkd kt gr jkv ]g e Cgr a;o go , q s s s s X q , , X q ]rdl n Cgu gr kt _k' 4g krjd r_fekv kdcl e Syf d uIk?nm hlb s s X q s wa a s T s . 4g rkt y T s [ jk} d e/ jkv ]g krkg IkGof kd kKi rli e <{ hlb 4g krkt gj _ q s Z , , s s z q z X , ke ;rp yosd ]hrkg Cgu kr ro7;"of 4g krkt gj doof yod ]rkt gj , s s q , s s s Cgu kr jkpof 4g hrkv kr;'7jkpof l <{hjuf ;'7okup ]FIr d jkpof s , w s w q s 4g ;o eg ujo g Cgu okup kjkeg kr Skt gj "' hgo yod jkv skg T a , q s s s , ;' okup cl kd okup ct ]g krdl kg hH kuukt g; 4g Nhi d kokup w q q , s , s s X q
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oHl g; jkv ]g k;nf Lkr gm sulm ]F Sg js? eg rfkH hd kykt d hLd a , , s\ X s q s X a X s \ e lkoof/v kt l k;nfl7k;nfl 4g krkg Cgu hg jkpof go kg u _ro jkp a s s X X , s s a of kt dfXk;D 6hF hg lkHkv k;ef kd urpV _ke ]Cgu kurpV Arro kt ]g k s q s , ;nf jd rDe l kurpV 0cPfW jkv rxkjiji hjkeg eg u k;Rfiuf jkv kt q s \ , a X s X , X k[ hg hdlm 4g hn n krPki lm jkv g k;yf uhN uipc kd ;ue u ukKof s , s ,\ z s , , q s 4g k;nf kxt eg u ukKo , X s f hg lsS 4kg k;nf kxt e _fkj/v jd jk>d> eg u hldf lt ]g k;nf jd s s X Z s X s s , , kL[ uu hg {el d ;o jkeg jkv hH _o l rgc jkv g Syf uhN uo \ s a s , s q , T r"fki ?hn l7rgc jkeg leg hg sulm 4g hn Ls\kr nCu hjkeg jkv g hn yk[ s Z s q s s , , T s [kv hjkeg u dkykv d ukKof 4g ukKof jk/kv jkv d kd kuokHl hd e X a s s s , , X a t d Su jkv rfk ]krdtkjv ]yFi7yFm hjkl lb hgj kg e kurp hjkeg s , a q s X s 4g hrkt kg , s u?l rgc hH kLhi hd krdtkjv oi d et d Su hg lS ]g krkt kg ku? q \ Z w s s s s , s hH jkv jkd/v Zoi d ukg gcl l,t 4g krkt hg jkv hd xkv uoht 4g Cgu , a w s s s q s , s s , oHal hHd kr kuIky Nhi jGf 4g hrk?ekv Rfo hd uIky Nhi l ;H dlb s , s , 1 s , s s s 4g uhykd<el krdtkjv g; 4g Cgu <jkd hH Bk , a , s d kd sukg rrfpV jkv ukjc? elb 4g gj jd hH eg kuekl kd yFi7yFm s , s X T s q hg hl,o ]g hrkg jrhH dlm yFi7yFm hlt kr g krtH jiM d efH e 'k , s s q , s , s s w X yr hd ;l kd jdv uiv jkv g krII ct thc 4g rdl ul o g ukd yko Z w s q a s , , w T s q s T s uul kd jn lki dutf jkv ]g rdl [n o g [kv hykou[n jn lki dutf s q s w s , T s s s T X a s s w s 4g skd sukg k;u Nd ]g kd ukg Nd 4kF go , s q , s s s q kt kxgj Cgu hgo cv ;ue 4g Iduf d ukikl hldf d lkdof eg 4g hrg s s q T s s s , kp kujd <gkjkv k;u Bkd kurp hd ;ue df g jkpkell kd rkc lb kIp s s s q , q s cl g; dfk;D 4g kvg kjH l k'kv rgc e jkv ]g H' rgc g; 4g hgj y X wa q s q T , , q q , p kIp hd ujd r'fkdi kd kxke <ijkd/v jkv rpfjfiv r;v d ;ofH s s z s Z w a , a s jkv g Sx kg Lktm Zxke Sg syp rgc l rfx ;hp jkv rpfjfi 4g kgj , T s \ q q s , wa [sn rjd Ikp ji kjk}7;gj rkKv hg ydcf d uoht kd ;ue Te Xecl ub s s X q s s q `g gj jd hyk[ ukF Syf d kuoH s;u Cgdf uoH ukji Sg rjxf d kv T s s X s q q s s X kjiji jkv g hrgkp kukg rjfrkukF e efH Bu hldf Lt hjkeg hgj L[m a , T s a X w X \ \ s l efH hd rhrv 4g hjk;r Zoi hd xkyN hLc rgc hldf g; hg rpfuf 4g w , , w a \ q T hgj II k;Lfd hd kjiji jkv g gj kg rLf[ ;e7uoht rkv yp l knl 4g w a \ a , T s s a w s s s , krkt krkg uhyof go ]g kuke7kukt jkv rpfjfi hH kt jkv g kgj IN go s , , s , , w ]g rkK hH kt 4g rofkHl hukg ji xke rkKv hg rgc dS cv k_k; hjkeg , s , a s Z q 4g hgj kg jk;r kd sukg ;erfx e ek;kv Su hg ydcf dS kurp hd , s , s s X q s lm l rfk lb 4g Bkv y kd ;que ji ncV ikRm hg lS dS hnl Colhc s a , s s q s s
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4Cdl kg ddfkyZokl k;Rfiuf hdlm jkv uc C s , a , s gu ;knil jkv Fi d ukKof df g <jkd hg; 4g krgkp kuukt hg lm ],g ; z a , a s , , s l kt kr go 4g Cgu k<jk/ Bkd huiv hdlm Syf d ujd 0lf 4g krgkp k s s , s s s , ujd Cgu 0lf hH Nd go 4g Cgu kr;ke oi Bkd hdlm 4drfku u ]g dr q , Z w s , fkv kr u go 4Cgu hjk;r kgo hd uuke hH Nd rDjfrfv d ukK ;t7xk;zi s , a s q s s 4g uk/luv ;w'rki{i kr go ]lkoofv u g lkoof j , a q s , i hldf kr u kd ukKof 4Pc jkv hd ;l <jp d ukKof lo7lo ]kvg rDqe s s \ s s s , s , q s X l klkoof/v k; klkoof l,t7lt gnl 4Snf yk[ jk} d uk/luv u gsnal a X s s , s a s s a q s jkv k;df gnl ji lm ]kF rho jkv ryfpi ukK rFfdkFr kt u ukKof , s a , z s s 4g krjd r'i Fi kd tk[ hd ;l yod gnl 4Sgfkp k'n7 , z s s s a Rpf _ro hd gsnl kr Syf dlm 4l lkoof/v u ]g hrkg l lkoof kr u a a s s s a , s s s tk[ 4g iW dek/"uf hg kd lkoof kr lkoofv 4g Cgu lkoofv Fv kd s , s s , Z gnl 4g krkg l gnl et kd ukK rel 4Cgu l k0J ]g hrkg l gsnal kr s a , s s s a s , s s s tk[ 4Cgu krtk[ hHd go ]g kry jd lkoof rDf; kt df g ;h<je g; s s , s s , 4g Cgu k/kc Bkd jkv hLc l lkoof e <jxkt d doof j , s , \ s X s s , , Z kv g Fel e ukt y dr jk} d ;l hg doof ]Cgu lkoof 4g d;okv ku X s s s s , skg rDe kd kurp Syf d rk{kl d ;l dfct ]g krkt uc u/c kdlm hg q s s s , a kuuke go 4g krkt kg rpfao l suukt kd ;l go ]g kry uke hH Nd kt , s s s , s q s 4g d;okv kukg {iuf S , s yf sd suukt 4g krdl ukt Cgu kd ;l go ]kg k/c l krki{i Rpf kt 4g , s s a s X s , hr/kc kd Rpf d krki{i hgo jkv g hrkt y e uexuk/av hg Rfo7lkoof a s s X , , s X q 1 4g kykL Lkr hg kd Rfo hdlm kr ul , s\ s 1 s s m ]g kync Cgu kd lkoof u ukKof 4g rkc hylv hg Rfo hd lkoof ]Cgu , s s , 1 ro7;"of hd lkoof dfct 4g hrgj hg huc kr Rfo hd lkoof 4g uroj q , s 1 , Z fi g; hg klo ]g ry ync k/d xky l,t ;el rkt y kd Fv 4g rkt kv , T s s a s s s s s T s s w jln gxt hd dS 4g krLi Cgu nH dyfke Bkd kr Skt ync lkoof 4g kv , \ s , s s a , g et kd kurp ;'7lkoof kFr ;w'7k0J 4g Bx kg ;' ]Cgu hync k0J q s w , s w 4g ZoirHv krrDjf g; 4g kvg Cgu okHofkv , w w , q Z kd kvk0J Bu jkv ]g Bx je Sk0J hukji 4g kvg Cgu uexkv kd k;u jk X , T a q , q X , v g Sx syp lkoof ukji 4g ouHfv rgc go ]g kvg oHl kjk} d ukKof T s q , q , q a s kt tkv udfsy 4g gj rsy et lkoof Su gxt hd Xklkoof ukji 4g hrgj s T s s s q T hrync knl kr aSk0J 4g rDfe l lkoof ujo ]g Cgu _ke7urojfi kd lko s , q s , Z of g; 4g un hLc lcl hd ukKof hg <gkjkv e doof l lkoof 4kxkg kd , s \ s s X s s s doof ;el kykoukv 4g rdl gd ykd7lkoof eg kd lkgrfb d dr yd s s T s s s 4dl kg jlx s s z v jkv hd dsoof jdkg rDe l kjkd hd lkoof ue kd ;ue df g kdl skg s s q s q ,
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4g , krkt y dr ;l hg okHofkv Z<i kd rDf'7jkpof jkv g krkg <jxkt kd s Z w , , s rDf'7jkpof rli hg e kr_ro <i hd Rpf 4Sgfkp kr_ro Syf d jkpof q z X a Z w a s 4krki jd Cgu hHd jkpo f jkv g krgj kre? hg e /fjfi hd klkoof go 4g hrkt kg hl7hd yc d , , w X X , s , s w s gkd rfx hd rDf; <jkd d krLt jkv hekyqx dlfuke Bg kni l klkoof s \ , q , s X `g krdl kg k;D jkv drk? l krd_fk; Syf d lkdof d kur , s , s a s s p j,kv g krsn et kd krd_fk; lkoof 4g je jkpof s; df g krgd hg; sl s , s a T s s , m eH udfy ]g rkg UNi k; Idi e kjkpof dlm hg lkoof yef l kjlwn z s T s s z z X X s s s X 4g kgj kt e df g krkg e wa T , s z H hg; lm jkv ]g krkt go Cgo ]g hrkt y l kgt k;jfIi 4g hrkt kg rfk s , , T s s a a , s a H hd kugko rLkn ji k;jfIi rfx hdlm jGf 4g krkt kg nd e pkP d klk X s ,\ X , s , X s a s X oof jkv _rji rfkH lb Rpf 4g dS l e kiki Lc l Lc ykoukt Sdf rh , a a , s X X s \ s s \ s s jiof d ;ue jkpkuv g; k;x k;df e kFov /kcv hdum Fkl d k;rDf; s q X s s X 4g kgj jd e/ drfku k; euf;d hg; 4g krkt kg kl7xi c , Z q , s q a hjd7chjd Syf d urpV _ro jGf rDf; klo jkv g hrkt kg ye0c e kr s a , , T s w X i urpov hd Rpf o l jkpi jkv rDfQui jrajuf 4g rn ykL e ue sd kp s s s z , q T s s X X c kd klkoof jkv kvkr;ke huiv7huiv ukeyle k; BklB ]0kc ]ut ]ngV s X , X q , , w 4g rxy ukjd 'oi kd kvkr;ke rho huiv hg e kFov /kcv r; T s s s z s X X s a v e kri hjgx hd Rpf d ds;i ;knil jkv tkel 4y jd rDe kdikv u X s z z a , s q s s iv l kvk<jk/ Bx hykL e urpov l jkpi jkv kjiji go e /cl d ;l s X X s s z , a X a a s 7uoht 4/akc u l klkoof hH Cgdf kd ;o go jkv kg u hg kukn drfku7 s s X s a , s X s drfkv rDf; Bkd df g kvg oHl g; 4g k;nf idof kjlhr dS u ukKof s , q a , s 4g gj srykL eg l knl h T s s s g phc d k;rfv kn ]k}} kn um 4g Bx kg re hg kukn krdrfku7krdrfkv s X s X a s T s 1 X s 4Bx hH go kr Bx k0J 4g ygi kjlwn kd dDlf hg d k0J go 4kun jd jk s , w s s s dhov ukt kucf3g Fv kd k0Jv 4hF k0Jv <ki kd krdrfku h/kjof7e/ s , Z z s Z 4k;x kyp hH e/ rFfdkFr rfkH hd k;kN hdlm hg Fkl d k0J 4Cgu hH Z a s Z s e/ kr Cgu k0J 4kuy uke ukt kucf g Fv kd k0J 4hF k0J <ki kd e/ s s , Z z Z 4g hg dS ;l ji ]g rdl kg duv ;lv 4g hg d , T s s s , S doof ji ]g rdl kg dsuv lkoof 4kxSkt kg hg dS l iW Z;kgjfiv un s T s s s s f lm ]kxkg rjfk/kv ji doof 0' Cgu ji klkoof unf ltf hH e/ 4g h/k s s q X Z T s jof jiji jkv duv e/ rFfdkFr kgo ]g dS ukKof kgt df g <jkd hg; , s Z a , a , 4g krdl kg ;l yod kr ddfkyokl 4hrdl kg Cgu , s s s , Z s ddfkyokl k<jk/ hH Bkd rho e ui/v jkv ukKv 4g rkt gj e Fkg h , Z s X s a , T s X g ;knil ]Cgu ;l Arrv kgo kxkg Hjkzi l krki{ioi jkv kvk<jk/oi akgt z a a a s a s ssa Z w , X Z w
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4g krkt kg dekutl hH ukKv , s 1 Xe kFkg d ukK jkv ]krdl kg Cgu dekutl ukK hH Bkd e kFkg d ukKv X s , s 1 s X X s 4kxkg hg drk? Arrav kuukt kjkl kd s lm kucf sukt kd n[ 4g krdl kg hg ;o go tk[ hygi hdlm 4g Cgu hH s q , s a s , Nd jkv rDjfrfv d ;que ro dFkl jkv <ioge d/fkol Syf d ;ue q , s q Z , Z w Z s q 4k;yf uke kd kt s X k[ jkv Cgdf uko;e knk; hH l utk[ skd ;o sulm unf ltf ]k;x k[ s , w s s s a s unf hlm xke kd ;que 4g ;l g; 4g k;x k[ Zxke kd ;ue df g kruql Te Z , , s q wa ukKof kd ;ue q 4g k , rkt kg dS l Hi kr g krjd <erfv kd ;o ;ue ct jkv ]hrdl jd s s q z s , a q , Cgu <erfv kd ;o kursp hd ;ue rDjfrfv dlm 4g krdl kynf 'oi a q s , s z X e kurp ;houkerfv kd ;ue hg ;puf e/ PWkv ji doof jkv kKi 4kxS s s q Z \ s , z kt kg ;nk;l Z<i;kHkl r;v dS e rxt7kurp d ;ue kr kxkg Idi Xe s w w , a X . s s q s s z 0f' hji huiv ct e/ jkv ]g kgj kg 0q' e ufv hd ukKof <o kd e/ q w Z , , s X Z Z 4kxkg Idi jdj[uf hH jkv e/ ]kxSkt yt hg kjpd7kLd s z , Z w\ kd klkoof/v e ufv hd ukKof 4hrdl kg Cgu e /kjof d e/ dofrko A X a X s X s s Z rrv ;tof hH Bkd hd doof 4g hg e rgf d e/ dofrko g; 4g hgj n S a s s , X s Z T s df <kziuf kd e/ rjfk/kv ji lkoof/v Ikp hd ukKof 4g kgj kuc hg lk s Z a X s , oof/v kr e/7dky 4kuc Cgu e/7dky go 4g kgj refhl hg dr kvkurp a s Z s Z s , X s ;houkerfv Nd e/ dufkKo klsS udfsy 4rdl Cgu hH kg UHf7UHf kr ;l q Z , s s s 4Cg u UHf ;l udfy ]g UHf n' dum 4g Cgu hH nH Xe k;rfHuv hdum 4g s T s , s X w q T {;i rHuko ujo ]g Cgu aSk<jk/ hdum _ke o ]g hd rkc ukgm hd Xk; z w q T s , s X l utf 4kF ukK kr jk/kv 4hF j['f ]Cgu jk/kv k0J 4kF erfv ]Cgu eFzi s a kuuke 4kF kuke hg lm ]kF kukt kt ukgm 4CF jHuf hg ji kxk;iekv < s s s X Z X s z Z idoof ]Cgu ji lkoof k;rfHuv hd lkvky k; yftri ]klB ]0c ]jhokge w s a w q s s a q 4g kgj ukKof hg l knl kr e/ d;l Arro 4kxkg ukKof kd kurp , s s Z . q s s Ze/ 4g ukKof kd kFkni ukKof 4kxskg hg ukKof Arro cv hH e/ 4kxkg <kzi , q Z s kdlm hg ukK ]Cgu k0J 4kxkg rjfk/kv ji doof ]Cgu ji lkoof cv e/ s s Z 4kxkg et k s ;u dS hH kd e/ llb 4g Snf [j jH jk/kv d kr_ro dlfuke sulm rf Z s T s a kH lb 4g k;df jkdim hg kLc jd jkgi ji Rfo7lkoof hd ;ue u ukKof a , \ z 1 q s
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iW oirHv urb e urht jkv uukt kd rfi jkv Fkni rDf' kt df g Z w w s X s , s s z , Z s , Cgu <jkd hH Bkd kr ]sxy e uukt kd ;ue /k' hjkl hjkeg 4Sgfkp hukt s s X s s q s ync yekv k'nf hd <"sov dum ]g krdWxkt jkv g /kc hH kLkF gtf w s , , , s s\ X 4xokt gd cwL hg e jkd/v d PfW jkv kjiji ]Cgu l dkykv d ukKof d s X s s X a s \ , a s s s rfe dum jkv ]g hluk;dfn o ]g xy hH tkv dufkKo kt e tk[ hd Lt s , T w s T s , s X s \ 4spc u "s' hH ;el kd ujd Nd jGf df kg u s s q s klS Cgd 4g Cgu dhO hujd jn jkv e k'nf lb cv 4kg urojfi g; df g s , s , X s Z , k;x kv ;el 4kxkg ukKof kd ;que Arye ]Cgu kd Fkni ukKof kd ;ofH s w Z 4hxk X g huLkx ji a;o ]Cgu ji Fkni aSkdkri hd ;tof 4kxkg kujd <"ov kd u \ Z s s e j,kv kd ;ue cv 4Bg /k' jkv tk[ rgc hd Lt 4kxkg ;ue ]Cgu rf q q s , s q \ s q i d kd tk[ kr ]hxkg ;y rfk' nf; ArokHo 4uc ;y rfk' ]Cgu rDf' z X s s s a s a 4g k;df kL[ jdky , \ ji rv lb eg hg u tk[ h/v hd gjr lm 4kg u Syf d rDf' _ke tk[ h a X s s a s s s dum df Sgfkp ku[j <je xkv kd kdufkKo jkv kdjkpof d oof jkl 4g s s X , , X s s , kjr[ l /fyim hg huiv cv 4Bg yH hjkeg hg; ]gj rtk[ kd rDf' eg s q w s s s s 4g hrkg H' hg e kFkg Hq' kr go 4Cgu H' knl rDf' , s q X X s q 4g krkg H' hg kukg uhgrDf' kd 0civ jkv rk'v 4g oim kjkl g; hg , s q s q z , a , s l rDf' Bg Bkv l kFkg 0civ jkv rk'v 4Cgu rfk' ji ]g Bx kv kr rD q s X q z , a a , s f' lsS 4g kucLof hjkeg hg; 4Cgu kd <kekv ji ]g rukt eg kd <ZkFkni s , a s q T s s q 4g Cgu ukK Bkd hH kd rev jkv "of iNf e k;bkjgx um , s 1 , s X ssa 4Cgu kri Bkd eg kd k;bkjgx hd ;n ;houke ji 4g hH krtof eg sdl s X X T s m ]Cgu hg rpfjfi3g rpfjfi eg l rDf' ruv hd Fkni 4kuukt u l dhO T s a Z s s kd ;ue kd ;que ]g go 4g hg dS <jkd kd kuokHl hrk?ekv lb jkv q , , a , 4g jk;,r kd ukIef lkgrfb eg ]k;k T s s uc lkgrfb u kxky d ygi 4kxkg rv kd krouke rel kr elm dfk;D ]hx s X s s s s a s X X I? jgkc d lkgrfb kuI? g; 4kxSkt k[yf Cgu hHd e lkgrfb 0; ;kHal s s X q 4g Cgu kd upc hH Bkd kd ug , s s s s s d e nkc dfk;D kxkg kugd hg eg g; jkv kxkg kugd rk?ekv lm kr kv X X s X , s s s qg Iu nf; tkel g; kd hnl Colhc 4g Idl l jrhH ]Cgu l jgkc ji kr; , a s s l hjkeg 4CF Bg Iu l kIdl jkv k<ekv d jgkc Skr;l hyNif 4,g k; q s X a , X s a x kg kL[ jduc ;e hjkeg eJ hg kjkeg 4g xy e unk[ kx hg klS eg s \ q 1 T s X s s s 4kx snk[ kx Syf d cd huiv kFkg hg suiv go kF;v 4hxkg hxk;gl hd uoht s s z X X s s dlm jkv hdlm rht cl "' hdlm kr ]rht jkv ukt kd ;o nf; ;ue , X s s s , s s a q
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4g rev hg rhxl jkv ;tekl ]e;l kd k;rDf' , 1 a , a a X jkv g "of hg krdtkjv hd Xk;rDf' 4g kukn rev j,kv "of jrhH d ;ue , , T X s 1 s q 4kxkg kun uoht k;u kd rDf; kr ]g u s s s s T s [j jk/kv Su d Ifel jkv 6kxkg kuync kd ;ue kr g kuync skd tkel s , s s q s , 4g T hg e ue XLt ye hd k;rfof hjkl jkv g Sx Ly e ue d ;ue 0; sjkl X \ w X , T s \ X s q q 4kxkg ruforfi e tkel iW rgo hg kdlm ]g krkg rIf? e rDf; kt d s z X . 1 , s X s f gj <je Syflb 4g krkt uc tkel jdyG hg rDf; 4g okyG hg kd k/ s , , , , X aclrv jkeg go 4g Cgu hH Nd jkv rDjfrfv sd yGu<x d k;rDf; tkel a s , q , q s X 4g hrkt kg k<qxrauv hg rpgi dr Rpf Ifel krdtkjv go kr g krskg , s s qa s , dtkjv jkv rFfo ;v Rpf kd rDf; ct jkv ]g <jkd d [An jkeg hg , , T s q s krdtkjv jkv kFov hd k;rDf' ub 4g aSkuokHl rli hd lkdof knk; , X T a q z rgc llm ]g kvg lkdof kdum kurtf jkv g k;rDf' ruv e Rpf ;houke q s , q , T a a X 4g rgf jkv ;ofH kd ;ue , , q hg elb ]suc e/ ukKof jkv uc ukKof e/ 4kxdl y[ Syf dcl jk} go X Z , s Z s q s jdkg dufkK,o 4g hyk[ Syf d kxky LkF rgc kuokHl go u ke/ 4g Cgu s , s s X s s s\ q a s , hH Nd go {el dlm ]kxyef kt l ukKekv ]g kyef kt jdukt kd Fkni q s s s s , s s Z 4g , hrdl kg Fel e ukpc l kFkg d ;o dlm kd ;ue hg ku/kl rD;al hd s Z X s s X s a s s q q um 4kg ryfefl ukKof jkv e/ jkv yef ;tof e k'nf hjln lm df ,g ; X , Z , s X w s el cv 4kF k;x jkg {el d ukKof e/ e k'nf dS unf dS 4xkg dufkKo s Z X s X , hFi<kji rzxPfW <jkd kdlm kr k;x k;kOm Cgu Hky l Rfil lm nf; 4 a q \ s s a g Rfil uko;e rgc jkv g kd ugd Nd lki d e/ 4g Cgu kd ugd Nd , a w q , , s s q s Z , s s q lki d e/ df Skt k>el u g; l ;tof lb udfy 4kvg kNv g; ]k;x s Z s s q kg ;tof e "?l lm ukKof 4hF Cgu hg k'nf hd tk[ hdlm go 4kF Cgu j s X Z a s kndg kd sugd hH Nd e /cl d Fkni e/ Arro 4F xky dek/ hluk;df q X a a s Z Z q s s w n <jkd kdlm ]F Sx Li e /kjof rkj d e/ jkv ukKof e /acl d Fkni s \ X s s s Z , X a s Z 4g krdl Ikd ylG hd , lm ukKof ]g Skc thc dltf u ke/ 4g krdl kt y dr kr<i lm ukKof T s s s , s Z w s ]g k;df Hjki kdltf u ke/ 4g kgj jd k{hri hd ukKof Syf d krxel , a z s , z s z jkv krZ<i huiv ;kd go udfy ]g k;df ekd rgc e k'nf lb u ke/ UHf , w Z s , q X s of e rhrv 4g krdl kt k;nf et kd ;ue ouHfv hg ydcf dS 4g rd X , s q q T s l kt [j jk/kv Su hg ydcf d <jdArv jkv uoht jkeg ji ukK sd ;o s q s a , s a j,kv g rdl ukt kd ;o eg 4kr[n Cgu <jkd hH Bkd kd ukg 'kjuf Te T s s a s s s s 4g krdl kt k;df rrojfi jkv krht ]kukt , , hg ;puf hH ;ue 4dl kg u yGl e uukt kd ;ue go ]g Bg yGl sl q s s X s s q , q
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fy 4g hrjd hH dFi l kv'i ;v kd ;ue hg kurpl hd jkpof 4g krskc s , . 1 s X q s q s , e efH hd jkpof go thc dltf ]g krkg Idi cl hgo e ;ue 4g krew? X w s , s z X q , gkoi kd uoht hg ji Xd dlm 4g <ki kd orDf; jkpof 4Cgu rDf' Bkd z s , z s jkv hLc l jkpof hg ;puf `g rgkp kuukt ikv e /cl d rDf'7jkpof , \ s T s X a a s rDfe l kjkpofA Syf d et d jkpof q s X s s 4g ;ofH jkv uoht kd ;que cv hg e ukKof jkv hxkg Rfim hd uk , , X , s Kof d ;que jkc hygi l uyef dum 4g Cgu xke Bkd jkv rDjfrfv dlm s s s , Z s , s 4kxn k{jl cv hg ;oel go 4kxkg et kd ktM dekutl rgc llb 4hx s q s Z 1 q s kg kuI? hLc lcl e lkgrfb d ;ue xk;gl jkv uyef kd ukKof jkv e/ s \ s X s q s , , Z 4kxdl uc efH hd uyefl dum hg xk;7gke s w s s g; kd kukn um 4kd dkyji e/ j,kv LkN gke kd Fkni ukKof df g hjWt X s s Z s s\ s Z , Syf dlb 4Sgfkp kuuc ;ue d kd Xkukn e/ j,kv ukKof 4kxkg ku[j eFzi s q X s Z s ol kd ;ue cv 4Sx yH eg lm ]kvg cl g; Syf d ;ue ltf rdV 4B Z s q w s q s q q x Bki ;tof ji k;rDf' hd Fkni jkv Sg reuf u'n jkv _k' ji dkyj X Z , q Z , s i 4k;x kg r{fim uoht kdlm jkv ;ue rfkH lb3Syf d Fkni ukKof jk s s , q a s Z , v gj Syf d dkyji e/ 4dl kuc Cgu jnl jkv H' kd uoht eg <jkd h s s s Z s qa , q s g dlm 4g kvg djkdufkg jkv drk? rgc kukg e krpV hd dkyji kd ke/ s , q , q s X s 4g ek<jfi kd dsky lb kr dkyji 4g Cgu , s s , s s l dkyji /cl Bkd kd e/ dofrko 4g krkt kg Fel hH e un jk/kv H a a s Z , s Z X s s q , ' jkv Pnl kd kuoht hokH rel hg lk;kuv go ]g krkt kg yGl e usn 1\ q s X , s X s iW d;l kd uoht lb kt 4g hrLdi krpV hd dkyji hg l ukg u dhO d . s s , \ s s s s s lb 4g d;okuv krpV hd uoht jkv hldf kr kg dhO uoht g; 4g Syf d , , s s , s hoi jkv rxt hlb ujo Cgu Syf d ;kj d Hi jkv hldf g; 4dl sn rh 1 , . s s q z , s xl jkv ;ko kd uotrv d rDf; kt ]g kujd reuf eg kd ukKof lm a , s a s s , X s 4g hrkg Xe eg kryh'uno , s s a , l jkv krdgkxl hdlm ]g krxy hH ukv e eg hgo ]g krkg kt e eg 4kxsj z a , s X , s s X d r_fekv kd rfxlof rhxlof 6g krkg Ikv rhxl kr kvkt jH l rhxal a s a a , s a s s s 4g krxy uskg , s rgfkoi jkv hdlm rhxl kd oof rel kr ]g krkt kg rhxl ct rDf; z s a s , s a 4g krxy sukg rjfrov rhxl kd Z<i l jiM kr g krkg <i rhxl ct jrhH , s a w s s , s Z w a 4kg <i rhxl kgt ]g xo kFov s Z w a a , Z go jkv g dju ]kg dtkjv <i hHl j,kv Skt kg ;' rhxl kgt kFov g , , X Z w s w a a o hd Rpf 4g kukt ;i ue hg gm ]kg rjd 0el jkv kni lm kt jkv ]g , q s T X X s 1 , , s s , T iki hg so ]kg rkt rhjiof d rhxlArv je ed kt jkv okH kt ]jkpof kt X s s a a s s Z s , s s 4g krgd xk; e hg lm ]g krkt uc rhxl jkv Z;nkl l /fof ltf uoht wa s T s , a , T s
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4,g hr kg hg /fyim hd ukK hg u jkv g krIef ukKv kr u l uy dkP kd ukKv s , , s s s s a s 4g Cgu hg ukK go ]g C , , gu iWo ukK kt dfk;D 6g hrdl kg Cgu jgkc l ;o tk[ hd ukK Syflb s X , s s a s 4krdl kg Cgu hHd iWo go ]g krdl kt k;ki hH kt jgkc l ;o Arro s , s s a q 4g krsn , k[ kd rDf'7jkpof huiv jkv kd uiv a;o Arrav rDf; e LhH hd kjkpof s s , s s X \ X 4g krkt kryduf jn l rDf'7jkpof hd ;o , w s a hg ;o go rfkH lb df Sgfkp kuukt lm g kLi kt e kLkn hd gxl7jkpof a a s , \ s X X ,\ z a 4 g krdl kt Cgu ji k_k; hjln hg <jkd lb go ]g krkt ji k_k; dS sl Xe , w , um kt j,kv 4g hH h/kjof ]Cgu hg UHf aSk_k; kukn df kgd ue hg Syflb s T s X s s T 4g hrkg hujd k_k; l kjk} d kr[egfc Syf d jln jkv kr[erv Syf d , s s X s qZ s s w , qZ a s dS 4Skji g jkpof df ct iWo g rDf'7jkpof 4g Z;kd yjl rfv gxal7j T , , z kll hg lS ]g Cgu BkuOfd Bkd e ujd kdb [' ]ihl lt jkudf d el a s s , s X s a s , s s q 4g rgj hg rjr e 'ojfi jkv kjkp kr jkpof dfk;D ]g yjl rqgc T s s , X s s X s X , kuy Lkt kd kjkpof rdV 6g ;kleJ rgc kr kukxt kd jkpof 4g hrkg R s s\ s X q , q s s , s foi hd uy kiNf lm l kjkpof hg hurm ]g hrkg oHuv krrDjf hurtf hd 1 z s s s s X , s q jkpof e a;o 4g Cgu Zxke Bkd uklkv llb kd rigv hd ukK hg e ukKv X , s s w a X 4g krxy usn eH kd ukg d k<jkpof gxl7jkpof hg S , s z s s s z a kxt kucf kd k<jkpof rli 4g krkt k;yf jd kji jdjH l kjkpof rfkH l s q z , w s X a b hg kd okHv d rDf'7jkpof rhjiof 4g Cgu <kei kd rDf'7jkpof gxal k s s , z z d kjkpof 4g hH g; rfkH dS l e kvky'f rHjk/kv hd ukKv d ;ue 4g X , az s X X w s q , Bkv hrkg hg knl yH hlsS e gzxl d kjkpof jkv kre{ hd jkpof hH jGf s w X a s X , 4g hrkt k , s g e u>el rDf' jkpof hg kd kjkpof ywH hg hlS ]y >el 'kdkv Bkd hg X s s X s s s kd kynkc Skv j?f e 'kdkv e k"o lt 4g rn jd yef/ kd 'kdkv yZe s X X X Z s , T s s w s uf d rDf'7jkpof ynkc d kjkpof 4g krkt kg olAuf l >kc d kjkpof <j s s X , s s s s X G tgl kd kjkpof 4g krn jd <kiuf jkv g kry dkP kd rDf'7jkpof un q X , s z , , s a s kNkv kd kjkpof 4g hrkt hrket Lt huiv hH krr{fof hg hurm ]g rkt X , X \ T s srPc jkpof urtf e rxt Syfhlb n;k' 2g kr hg LhH dtkjv hd kjkpof k \ s X . , s \ X rr{fof 4g hrjd r{fof Arrv kd Rpf LhH hd kjkpof 4g krkt kg rD'v , a s \ X , s jkv Felv hg kurm l ujd jkpof go ]g krkg kj?f kurtf kt l kjkpof , Z s s , s s s X 4g hH /kjof ]Cgu hg nH3 , s s , s g nH kLc e rDf' hd jkpof jkv ukg j?f l kjkpof df gj <je g; ud \ X , s s s s X s
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tk[ hd u/ jkv g jrhH krjfn 4krOm Cgu hg ykol kr kd ukg dhO d s , , s s s s ;rx kr Skt Li e k'nf ryx <jp hg kygi 4g hrkt kg W' ywH ye Cg; a s \ X , s q w jkv g krkt y e 'kyr hd u/ d jgkc hg oHuv kd krjfn hd jrhH 4g , , s X s q T s s rkg drk| d krjfn djfrkv gxl hHl df sgj uk; jkv 4gxl7u/ ewl s s a z a , z a ]gxl7jkpof skr g gzxl7u/ yF ]gzxl7u/ 4g hg hlt Lkn hd gxl7u/ hH z a , a w a , , ,\ z a Lkn hd gzxl7jkpof 4g ukKv kgo g jkdgv kgt ]g jkdgv kgo g Lkn akgt ,\ a , a , a a , a a , ,\ 4g krLi Cgu nH Bkd llb3hd xk; k; kg hd ukK3hd , \ s s s s '; k; kg hd ni3hd e/ k; kg hd u/ Lkn g; jGf 4krn Cgu hg 'kdov S s Z s ,\ s yf d uukt Lkn ]krki ukt Cgu kd ;o dr cr ]g krkg e 9Lkn hd jkv8 s s ,\ s a , s X ,\ , Rpf dr ct Syflb 4g klhHv hdlm hg;3jkv ]jkv ]jkv 4g hrgj huc jk , , , , , di rrl hdlm hg hlS ~ ~ ~ gzxl jkv ~ ~ ~ gxl jkv 4g krkg gxl Syfl q s a , z a , , s z a b 4;e hdlm ]g Fv kd kFov hd gzxlv 4g krkg rhH;H hg l kuokHal h q 1 , Z a , s s d gxlv jkv g krsn rfx kd gxl jkdgv Syflb 4g Rfim7im hg hd gxal z a , , s z a a , z kRl hdlm 4g Cgu kRl huiv hdlm 4g Cgu hH Nd jkv rDjfrfv d gxal , , q , s z go e iW drf;kv dfk;D g krht hg ji gzxl go 4gxl g d kd jkdagv X a X , a z a , X 4g , Z ;koufv kukg uhyof kd jkdgv Syf d ukK dofrko dfct ]g krn kOc j s a s , s , i ulkglVtkj kd jkdgv ukK rFfdkFr jkv g krky kreuof /kc kd ukKv s a , , z s 4g krn kuc kyjd k , s s Pp ehu kd jkdgv ukK rFfdkFr 2kPp ehu hH go jkv kyjd ]g rokgd 4 \ s a \ , s , g krkt kg rDk"of hH jkv go l sukg hukK jGf ]g drk? hg lo kr jkdagv , s , s s , s , s 4g hrkt Pc c[ , \ w ktl7tkl hdlm jkv g krkt kg Ii jkv jkdgv cr 4g ry jH Odkv kd , , s q , a T s s a s ;o l krk0lf jkv kn' jkv g rkt hi jdyk?7yk? kd k_k' xky kr Sy a s X a , X , T s s s s X s s flb 4kusy jd gzxl kd kjkpof d jln g xke yjl jkv krl kd u[nf hukK a X s s w , Z , s 4g hrkg Hjki k/irfi hd /fyim ?h' hd ukK Syflb jkv g hrxy Ikp , s a z Z z z , , s kd jkdgv d ukKv 4g krgkp ku[nf Cgu hH Bkd hukKv 4<jkd g jkdagv s a s , s , 4krkg Cgu hH Nd e rxt lb kr <jkdv Arro 4g <jkd hH kd k<rxe s q X . s q , 1 1 lb `g rLi e k<rxe lb k;D eg `g k;D k{kdkv hd uki kd ukK k;ef T s \ X 1 1 X , X a s s lb 4g ukK k;ef hg ukK klsS 4g kret Cgu hg l a;o kt ]g _' ukK go , , s s , q 4g krjd , Z ;kd kd ukiNf kd kv_' kt g _' knk; Cgd l kv_' _ef go hg ;puf s s X q s , q s X q `g krdl iNf ukKv e Ikv hdltf ]g Cgu ukK go drk? hH l ukKv k;D , X s , s 4,g hr kt uc uk/lquv kd <erfv dlm hg kLhi hd /kc hdlm cr dfk;D g jd a s \ s X , rgf jkv rpfm hg kuukt e kruu hdlm lm skr ;ktc hd udkP kd ukKv , X s s a s
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cl eg Syf d <jeof d rfFfro hd ;o 4g hryp ku/kl kr hg hd uy s s q a , s s H kd krrDjf Z<ijkd/v jkv kruhn ]krjfn hd a;o e hHl ]ukK rFfdkFr w s w a , X k; kRl k; kg Rfil 4g dpoekv kr hg Ifn hd uyH 4Wd u ;kim hH B s a , a s 1 s w a kd kd uyH l kr?h' kd ukKv jkv g hukKv e df ukt e df g rpfm g; s s w s z s , wa T wa T , 4g <jkd rk;i Syf d ukg rDqe , Z s s s s lum ]hg kukg k;kji kdum 4kg hH d hldf gkp jkpof o jGf ]kxkg kukg s X s s s s s _ro l jkpof Skji jkv jk/m3l kjkpof kr kg kukxt kd rDf' hd jkpof a s , s X s s s 4g hrkt y e ;l kr_ro 4k , s X a r_ro3g k0J7o j,kv 4g kr_rji kujd k0J7e ji3g krgd Te hg Syflb a ,, , a X wa 4g kr_rji k0J e ;knil ]e rk0lf ]e n' , a X z a X a X 4g kr_rji k0J e ulk' ]e krk' ]e _k' , a X X X 4g krkt kg _ro go , s a ]g krkg rDe kt l k0J7ji 4g hrky kr_rji hg k0J7ji 2lkoof ji lm , s q s s , a g Cgu ;o kt jkv lkoofv ji a;o3g hg Fv kd gxl 4g kr_rji gxal T a s , , Z z a , a z 4g rk{kl kd ;l hg Xe kr_ro <i3 e kr_ro , a Z w X a 4g kukg rDe l k_rol ujo ]Cgu ku/c l _r hldf Syf d u , s q s X a Z a s a s s ki lm jkv ]g e ;o ]Cgu e Xkn' ;l 4g kukt Li e kr_rji hjgx hH j s , , X a X , \ X a kv ji eku d kr_ro ]kukt /c l k_k' Syf d rDfe l ukKv 4g kukg j , s a a s X s q s , s kd'f d /f"kv hg hlsS kukt Li e gzxl d kjkpof ji eku d tk[ hd ukK s , \ X a s X s s 4g hrkt uc ky[J hd Rfim hd kxkj Su k;/f"k T 1a X s a , v jkv g rkg 0lf drk? knk; hH l hjkehc |o df g krkg klS jkc duv , T s s s , , s s s 4g kukv n <_euf kd kxkj Lc jkv ji eku , s a s X s s \ , d jkpim ]Cgu jkpim go 4hxkg Igkjc? jkv hxkg uI? jkv kr llm `kxk s s , s q , s s s g k;D l uy kiNf kd ;o e aS/ d kjkpof `kxkg k;D l uy <j' e krk0 s s s s a X q s X s s s s X X a lf jkv kn' ]k_k' `kxkg k;D l u;kyi 4Cgu xkH llm kr g ;l ukKv , X X s s s s s , 4g krkt kg W' uroj , s q Z fi yekv dS e Ifn hg r[nf ;l g; 4g krdl kt k;nf Cgu k[k/ kd ;o w X 1 s , s s a rfkH lb udfy 4g ;kim d sun k[k/ kd kjln gxl rfkH cl `rgkp ku[ a s T s s s s X w z a a s hn Cgu hukKv df k; g rgkp ukK `g rgkp ku[nf hu/ k; g rgkp u/ ` T s T s T s g Cgu Iil hg rfkH hd 9jkp kn jkv kn8 go k;D ]g kgj gd kt e 4g kr , q a s , s wa s T , dl uc rfkel hdlm hg ukK rHofkv l iW djfrkv kr ]g djfrkv ukKv wZ s a s , a 4kg hg hd jr s hH hH ;o kt kxkg kutk[ kd 0fel hlsS kr ]g jrhH krjfn 4Cgu hg /c a s s s s 1 s , a a s X X s l Bkd e kukn um 4hrdl jd Cgu Iu hH hHd kd krjfn djfrkv 0fel s a 1 kc udfy Skv yduf yr l rj df g krdl hH kg g; jGf 4g hrn jd I s s s s , s , s u e eJ uhgFv d uykduf yr l rj3kd uoht jkl hg rfxlof g; 2jgkc X Z s s s s s s s a
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Cgu krxkH l ;o kt ]g krki ukt hgo yod skd ;l7uoht udfy 4jkgl s a s , s s s d ukoxH rDH 6jkgl d xk; hxk; 6jkgl d u/ duf/ 6jkgl d kRl Kr s s s s s s s fhutkj 6jkgl d kyd jkdkyd 4g rgj xkH l ;o jkgl d kjkpof djkpof s s T s s s a s s X 4g kd uLkN kd u;kyi l ;o jkv , s s\ s s a , g kd ujgO ]Cgu kd uync kd Lkn ui dfct ]g hrgj hjkt Lkn udfy 4 , s s s ,\ z , ,\ s g hrkt kg W' Lkn hd e/ kr g hrxy uLkr Lkn hd u/ 4g Cgu <jkd jkv , s q ,\ Z s , s s\ ,\ , , Bkd kd krdlm hrPc rfi d e/ e k'n 0el rFfdkFr 4g Cgu knk; sl s q \ z s Z X X s 1 , ; dnke dS gm hH e/ 4g rkv Syf d <jeof7ekv hH Iduf d Ze/ X Z T s s s rDf; lsS 4g d;okv krdnke hjgx hH jkv Bkd Syf d uyH kd Lkn cv s , , s s s w s ,\ 4g Lkn hd ukK ]hd , ,\ ni ]hd u/ Syf d uyH kd ;o 2kti jkv kuFki 6urhd jkv utH 6ckj' s s w s a w , Z z Z , jkv lDl3Sgfkp 'u d ue jkv Sgfkp s'u d jhj' 4Sgfkp 'u Syf d uy , s s s , s s s s wH kd okur rfv jkv rfk'v lb jGf 4g krkt kg kni uiyxki hg l lk;i s , a , s , s z d ujd kd oHlv 4 Cgu hg oHl kuxkH l ;o dfk;D ]g hg dofkHko jkv s s s a a s a X , , 4g krkt kg uiyxki dS kuxkH Arrv 4kxkH l htr jkv kr g Fkl hjkehc , s a s s s , s , 4g krn jd tr kd rfx hd suLkn /kc g; 4g Fkl hg knl go Skt kxkH hg , s s s ,\ s , kurdf llm Syflb 4g jrhH go 2dl kt kxkH llm df g Cgu jgkc hjke s , s s , hc df pkl kucf ]g gj kt xkH kd upc l hjkehc huiv o e k'nf rhjiof s s T s s s s s s X hdlm dhO ]g hjkehc hdum kgt jkv g jkehc o ]g Xe XkLkn ub rDf; kt , a , T s T ,\ s 4g aSkr<Q dek?l rgc hd R T a q pf s; 4g SkFov hd uiyxki XLkn hHl hd rDf' ]hd gxl ]hd kRl 4g gj T a ,\ z a T s ki kg Cgu Fel e suukpgi kd kvkrr{fof hl7rgc hd Rpf eg dfk;D ]g s Z X s X q X , k;x kg jhj' krsn /xn ]kvg kLl ]re tkel jkv ]g k;x kg ;hdIku uoht s q q \ 1 , , s 4g uyl e ujd u;kyi l a;o rDf; Rpfr{fof dfXk;D T a X s s ,g 0; ]g <"k' 4g jiM d ;e e df g krgkp kuy jd lkoof go jdjke q , s wa s q 1 T , s kd kjlwn ]g krkt kg dlgV hg kurm go ]g krkg rhH;H kurtf l q;e kt s X , s , s s 1 s 4g T Skerfi jkdkl hd e;uf hlb rDf; Rpfr{fof hHl "' jkv jyIgf ]jLtD a z s , X s yS 2g Lxay jer hHl ]kF Cgu kLxy hg jer ~ ~ ~ Lxy7yy j,kv 2g Cgu T s \ w , \ a w , s \ a s w T sLxy7ywy o df g rgkp kuy jd lkoof jdOc e kuk; rLkn l rfx r|of \ a s s T s s , X X s ,\ s . q 2g Cgu xiv o df g rgkp kuk[nf jdPp Lkgi ji k;yfkL xiv 4g srn k[ T a s T s \ \ X s a T s s yke d hef kd uoht l,t7<o uiv e ujd db jP d kvke<o kt o s s s s Z s X s s s s X q Z s s g jfnekv `g h_i hg hd kruhgekv k{kdkoge df Cgu rkK kdikv k;D T , q a s 4g rgj yxki Sy T s f d rDf' jkv jkd/fv ]ni o ]g jH kt l kruhgekv `g rgj upc sld s , s T s s s T s , s ,
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4g jkrof hg kd rfkH hd uskg hu/ kr go `kxkg ld hxk; Bkd sl , az s s s s , s suLkN u/ kr g Cgu hu/ Bkd l u/ 4kd ukg hxk; <jkd d uLkN kd u/ ] s\ s , s s s s s s s\ s kd ukg Ikel <jkd d 0fel3g krxy sukg lkHkv kd ukK <jkd d kjkpof s s z s 1 , s s X 4g krki Xe eH d ukg hxk; hH gm wa z s s s X ]g kryef l kv/kl 4g krki e eH d ukg hukK hH gm ]g kryef l krLfai wa s X q wa X z s s s X wa s X 2hF Bkv ji um k;n hurdf >e jkv kF kgd g s q , ; ukgm l krPn hurdf 92g ktkj e `eH83ykc jkv Sg rdfp o 9`g eH s X s 1\ wa T z s s , q s , z kd ukg ktkj hH kdikv k;D83kgd ue lum 4kF Ffrfv kd ktkjkge dS Te s s s s T s `g ;k;7uki hH Nd jdk[ kd ;o k;D jkv , s s q s s a , `g Sx kg Cgu rpfo l ;l e gke d kj T s a s X s s X kpof kFd jkv `g gj k[ Cgu hg kd ;o e gke d k_o eg k;D 4k[n jkv , T s s s a X s s X s s , kxkt ]kpkl hg ;o 4kusy uke re Syflb ]g krgd e 4S[fn hg ;o ikv s s s a wa T s a 4d u s kKv jkpof jkv ]g rkt uc u'ni d kruhn _o {el dum ]g [kv hykou , T s Z z s s T X a s [n hjgx lki dutf udfsy 4kd ukKv jkpof jkv g ry dkP kd kruhn _o s s s , T s s a s `g krkg /yim kd ukK Bkd l kjkpof Skji jkv jk/m3l kjkp , s s s s X , s X of hg u jkv krkg Cgu 0el Bkd l k_o 0el3l k_o df gj <je jkv , s 1 s s X 1 s X s , 4g e ukKv go ]g rpfjfiv kt l ukK rgfurav e a;o3sl ukK , X , s s X 4g jfn go ]g kukt Cgu ultf kd ;l drfa;kv d a;o3kd ;l , , s s s s 94g xe[Hf j,kv g T s a T jfn hHl kl rkc hd krjfn hjgx jkv hjln hgj 4g ywH kr kg kr>el j s , w , s s fn kd ;o r hg l u/ 2g jfn hH o udfy ]g u/ rgc lki dutf g kruk s a w s T s s , q s wa t rfkHhyH hH gm kr e `g hGkd Syf d ukg jfn hg kurb k;D ]g Cgu a X s T , s s s , u/ lki jr `g hjk[Hf ]g jfn r df g krgd k;D 2yxki83kgd llm ue ss , , w , s s T jkv Bx kv hlg s>e jdul rkc hdlm udfy 4hF kruhn e h<ko ]hF kruhn , a q q s X e k[kv hdlm 94g hjk[Hf e83kykc go 4kyef >e hjk[Hf dS hg k;l yd X X a wa T s s q a 4g krkt kg kni eH llm udfy 4g hrdl , s , z s s , kg hg jgkc jkv jgkc go 4g hrki N Cgu kd kekv Rfil hd rfkH hH hld s , , w s a a f3 Rfil 4hg jkpof u jkv g krjd 'i kd d d orDf; u/ kr u `g k a , , Z s X s s , rdl Ief ld ukKv l kjkpof jGf kr `g hrIef krjfn l ukg ;Pku/ k;D s , s X s , s s s . 4g Cgu e {i d kjkpof udfy g e {i kr d r wa X s X s wa X s s Df'7jkpof e Syflb 4g /fof hd sune [kv l ukKv d ;o gxl kd jkpof T , wa X a s s a z a `g Cgu u;kyi l a;o u;kyi kd gxal d , s z s rfkH hH hldf ]krr{fof hd gzxl k;D 4jd jkpof ji lm ]g kgj gd kt Te a a X wa s 4g ku , kg Fo kukt jgO e ;o 4g ;kov kuxkH l ;o 4g ;kov u;kyi 4g s X a , s a , ,
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_fk;v Nd hH Syf d dwp7yH 4Cgu hg 'bktqax kgo Syf d dp7yH e yl a q s w a s w w X v 4hrkg Cgu hH dwp7ywH l k_a; ub ]g hrkg hH dp7yH kr likv jGf 4g s s X , s w w s s , k;nf jd 0lf rfkH7hyH kd krd_fk; hd rfe u jkdofkv dum 4g Sx uc a s a 1 s s T _; sykou[j <je kd kjkpof kr cv 4g unkNkv Syf d jkpof go 4,g k; a s s X s , s fi d_fk; dS kr rfe 4kuuke re ukK hHd kd rfe l yH 4kujd re h z a s 1 s 1 s w Hd Fkl uiv jkgoZ;n klo 4Cgu d;okv kukuc jkLH kd ukK Syf d ukK s q , a s 4g hrkt ki 'oi e uoht go jdkg , s z X s rDe l re jkv ]g hrxy ujd rfx e ukero ]kg rDe l rhrv Ifn hg srk q s 1 , , s X Z s q s 1 s g rDe l jkH d rfe 4g hrxy sukg rzxkt rDf' hd ukK rli e a;o kr q s s 1 , s q z X s kg {iuf ]kg yeuf Ifn 4g krkt sy e ukK d;l u'n d;l jkv g hrkg s s Z 1 , X Z , , s /yim kre{ hd u'n d;l kd Rpf hg rkg rDe l rfe 4Sgfkp hukg hy Z . s s s q s 1 s k[ rfkH cl [kv kr Syf d su[n l iW d;l `g krdl kt k[n ld slS a X a s s s s , s s , s kd ukero 4ku[n kd ukero l e;ke d rhrv A g Fv kd u[n l rf1e s Z s s Z s s , Z s s s 4g hruc dofrko kuokHl hd k<jkpof {iuf jkv kryeuf elm hHr ]s/c , a , Z X a u l ukK rFfdkFr hiW rfe3l rfe Rpf 4Tg rkt kg nc jk} dlm rfi s 1 s 1 s s a s z sd uoht jkv g krxy uht hg e re go jGf 4g krn k[ Nd hHl ]rDf'7j , , s X 1 , s s q kpof jkv hxtkr ]rG huiv ue hg r/c l rhrv 4kg u kPc hHd kt ue , w s a s s w\ s klS3Sgfkp ue ko; Syf d rk{kl d ;gj d uoht ]Syf d tk[ hd ;l s q s s s s s 4g rkt kg re hg ygi d uje jkv g rki kPc kd uiv x T s s 1 s s s , T s w\ s s ky hg sygi d ukg Pc d jhj' df g hg dofkHko 4yFf'f 'il kdlm sl s s s s s w\ s , Z a uoht jkv g krkt kg kPc Rpf klsS 4/acl Bkd u jkv g hrkg rfxl Bkd u , , s w\ a s , , s a s X eum jkv 4jkv hjln uk/kel jkv ]g hrkt hrkg hdb jkv dS Sk;el d , s w , T s s a fk;D ]g krkt uc lkokv kd kvkrpV Rpf 4g rkg Felv rkruf e ujd yg X , X T s s Z a X s kd kvk;el Bu uk/kel sukji dfk;D ]g krkt uc u>ym uoht hg Syflb s X q X , 4rhrv knl g uk/kel d Rpf j?f l rfe jkv ]u T s s s 1 , ru ruf g aSk;el hd uoht `kgd uk/kel kd k;el rofht elm 4gxal r w T a X z e kd koHquv Sg rhc3rhrv g rfe `/cl k;D l rfe kd jkpof dfct 1 X q s , 1 a a s 1 ]g ry >el kujd jkpof eg hg lb jkv g rkt uc jRm kg rtfRm o jd T s s s , T s s s s ki unsol kd kui l jgkc 4g rkt rkg rhgxl e "kd d rfe jkpof 4g k a X z s T s s s 1 a X s s 1 , rkt k>el ukK hg kd <{'fi d rfe udfsy 4g rfe ]Cgu ukK gxl7jkpof s z s 1 , 1 z a 4hH kd okHv d kjkpof jkv g h{kl hH kd kjkpof kt ]g go kgt ]g kgo kr u s X , , X s , a , a s kK 4g ukK hg e sukg u d kjkpof _ke u jkv g Cgu ukK e gxl d kjkpof , X s s X , , X z a s X 4g kvg kO,c sNhi d kukn3 gxjfiv jkv gxjfi ]xk; jkv gxl kt ]g e , q s X s z , z , z a s , X s uxkt rfi dlm kr ;l 4 e un LkN d gzxl hg u jkv g Cgu ;l e gxal z s s X s s s\ s a , , X z
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f kr g rkt Li e kFkg dum 4g rpc l k'nim dum 4 g rk[ ;H sl ukK s T s \ X X s T s s X s s T s sdum xky 4g rOc jd nkoof Cgo g rOc kgt 4g ;ifgyd 4g rk'v rqgc s T s , T s , a T z T a 4g rgj rkjgkn kd kn' um ]Cgu k; kg xli 4g k;yf jH n[ l kn' d T s s s s X s a z , q s X s lm kd Rpf 4g hrkt kv krhx e rkc7rkc hdum 4g kgj yp <;kjki kd krh s , X , x 'ugv kr g Sg R1ouf l kol cv 4g rjd Oki kd krhx l k"o lhykp 4 s T q s s T s s g FOd gm krhx 4Snf uZ'n u hukK dS lS hg gcl7gcl 4g rkc hd tkv , a X s s s q q , 4g krkg Iijfi l rDfQui jHuf7rfe lkoof jkv ]g hrxke kjkgl kd lk , s q s q Z 1 , , a oof k<jkpof jHuf7rfe Syflb ]lki d lkoof u ]g [kv lki d rfe u Z 1 s T X a s 1 4Cgu ;pkv Bkd kr kg n[l uyef l /v kd /v 4g hrkt Oc c[ hjIi Z s s s q s s a s a , , w hdlm l lkoof udfy ]krOc Cgu ye kr kd jkpof l krd_fk; hd drfe s s , s s s a 4g kgj Syf d lkoof onl e /kjof d jkpof gxkv , s , X s s z kdum 4g krkg rhri gkof jkpof kd drfe ykoukjgkn ub 4g gj hH rje , s z s s s s s T s s 7srL\y eku d k_k' jkv g gj rkjgkn kd k_k' l knl drfe Lt hg slS s X , T s s s s X s \ s 4g kukjgkn _ke ]Cgu kupkl , s s gm 4g ;r jRm dum hg Zoi d ui 4g rgj jk;r uk/kel dum hg oi d X T s w s z T s , s Z w s k;el 4g uOfd kutk[ drfe uhgjkpof jkv Lt knk; l drfe d kr , s , \ s s X Lfi rFfdkFr Syflb 4g kgj d_fk; knl ;Lfki rdV g Cgu d_fk; kr kKzi a , a a q , a s 4g kujd r"fk? kd krd_fk; hd ;ue ]kuy uke jkp , s s a q s of hg kd rfe 4g krkt gj hg _ke7_a; dS ;que l uy uke jkpof hg slm s 1 , s s s ]g d_fk; kt jkv ]g krdl kt k;kjd l k_; hg lm yod ]g d_fk; ;kd , a s , , s X a s s , a Z s s kt 4kg ukK eutf ]g rdl kg Cgu rlfdof hHd _a; lS ]Syflb 4g Cgu X T s s s s , rfe ukK 4g /kc urpl ]Cgu k;fi d_fk; go dfk;D ]g UHf l rfe ukK 1 , s s z a X , s 1 4g krkg roht u ]g krkg dyfke u go , s a , s , 4g _ke rDfQuqi jkpof ;trfe 4d_fk; knl g rfe 4dyfke knl g jkpof , 1 a , 1 , , 4g ek;kv UHf hg rgc llm jkpof , q s 4g ku>el Cgu jkpof hg lm df kd u>el g; ]g krgd 4g krgd Cgu e , s s s wa wa T kd ujd Iu lm 4g aSkrxfk;im huiv hd rfe 4g rkt Li Xe krLt hLc o s s s T s 1 T s \ \ \ s g ry >el jkpof hg lm kt jkv 4g Cgu jkpof rfe df g krgd Syflb T s s s s , , 1 wa `kg k;x kykL elm kt g krdl kv hgo yod l rfe lb df g hyk[ s X s , s s 1 T s X[kv rfi d ;r lb uikv hHd k;D `g hrgj Cgu dlm Syf d utkH hl a z s s , q s s b rfe hjkeg k;D dr jkc[v dufn sykosukv gcl7gcl jdy l nege ]0 1 , q q s s q c ]jhokge `g Sg Skuc Cgu utkH kuiv eg kd hHl k;D3ycfBkc ]ukjqd ] q T q s s krhx `g Cgu k;uforfi hg hd utkH lb hH o k;D ]g jRm jkeg kt jGf T a z s s T s s jkv `g rgj rn Cgu utkH kd rfe huiv hH eg hg rfkH hd k_a; um k;D , T s s s s s 1 a X 4g rkt kg ;k; d lkjH jkv y'd knk T s s s s s s , q ; e un jRm jkl e /clr _; so hg rn utkH kd ukK 4g d;okv krd X s s s X a a a s s s ,
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dcf jdj? jkv cl kd ue jkeg u kvkjiji re3u kvkjiji 4g Sx rkg q s s s s s X a 1 s X a T s s Z Felv A'e e ujd yg hH Nd eg <jkd d >kc d kvkjiji jkv k_k' X s q s s s X a , X d ykl kjktg 4g k;x kr>ym hg F; uoht <jkd d k'n7Rpf <ikrLt lb s X , Z s Z w \ 4g hujd e uoht kr g hujd Igkync 2Cgu e Xk_k' ]g e uoht jW , X s , X , X t kr g yH `g hrdl kg ld yH Bkd hH e k_k' d krLfi `g hrdl skg s , w , s s , w s X X s X a , s , ld yH Bkd e kLid d tn yxki 4g yH Bkd Cgd hg e jhj' dikv hg w s X X \ s , w s X s ;puf df g krgd llm kr g rkv Cgu dhO ji jhj' hldf o ct j,kv g , s s T s s , krpC[ kd Lid Skuc7uc kt ]g hrkg rfkH hg hd tn yxki lm Ifn Pkziv s s \ s s , s a 1 ,\ 4g rn jd hL[ Sk; T s s \ a el Bu jkv Im ]Cgu rkIef kr kd kvk;el hukji uk/kel Sx ikF rfkH , s s s s X q s s a lb dfk;D 4g jrnc hH l u[n u g; jkv g hr[n skd k;el hg yduv d X , s s s , , s w q s uk/kel rjfk/uf Zoi suiv ujo ]Cgu uk/kel yduv d k;el 0fc ;h_k' Z w w q s q 4g krkv kte lm e uxkI kd krk0lf SkIj7Ij ]Sk/c7s/c uiv , s X s a s X a s a a s ji utf ]g hrkg rfkH hd k;If[ um kr aSk;el 4Crn Cgu hg Bk[nf Sk;e T s a X wa s s a l kd 0fc ;h_k' 4kre{ hd u[n kd kvk;el ]jkpof3g <{y kd krPkzi s q s s s X , ,\ 4Cgu <{y kd 0fc Pki go rdV g rkc yjl hLc kuy jH sl t q ,\ z q , \ s hp hH hldf kd rfe 4Cgu krd;okv Bkd hd jkpof e uLdi kd _k' d s 1 s X s \ s fct ]Sgfkp jkpof Syf d u>el kd uoht df Syflb hH g; 4g krkg ei s s s , s zs s X l kn' jkv krk0lf kr lm 4krkg eyke Cgu uko;e lm ku>el kd uoht , X a s s s w w s s 4Cgu rfx hdlm sLdi kd _k' kucf udfy ]g kry Ld \ s s , s \ i yIifd kr g krLkN ycfBkc 4g krkt Oc jdLdi hg kd lDke go udfy , s , s\ , , \ s Z s g hrkt yduf xkv l lDke k;ufqn jGf 4g krgj kOc hg ji ue go kr Skt , s s Z , , q s kv ji lDke k;ufqn 4rync Cgu uk/kel dlm udfy ]g hrkt ync ;uf S Z s s s T a k;el hd uoht dfk;D `k;D32g kgj gd drfe Lt e kd drfe ;h_k' X X wa \ T s `g krn hgkox , s hd rkc ldf jkv rDjfrfv d krL\t hd ue d ;ue lkgrfb kd ke/ 4g , s s q , hry jd r<jfi e 0q; jkv klgV ]Z"?l jkv <"k' hH gm krLt hd Rpf u s X , a , s X \ dfsy `g rdl kg jk/kv d ;ueo jkv klgV so k;D `uc ykouLkr l ;ue T s s s , , X s s s\ s q s kd ;ue n' d _Fjt jkv jhokge ]Ibk jkv 0c df g oHl g; k;D q s q , , q , a 4g rkt uc <jkd d klgV jkv uOxl ]"?l hH _k' kr g sry Ldi kd T s s , a Z a s T s \ s k_k' rDf; Rpfrk'v ct jGf jkv ]g hrkg Cgu yg k;el Bkd kr hd ; X a , , s s s a o lsS 4krLt hd Rpf yko ukjgkn kd kjkpof Skji ]kd k_k' g g; 4g sr s \ s s s s X s X , T s n krc ji k;yfxm o [u <kcekj Syf dlb ]hxkg rfk' ld e rxt if|; X a s s q s s a s , X . 4rsn Cg s u Bk[nf hH <jkd d rfk'v hd ;o 4krn Cgu Bk[nf go ]g ;H kt rfi d s a a s , s z s ukK dum kd kxsky udfsy ]g rkv e >el upo d < gm 4g rkt ydu s X T s X s X T s
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4g aSk;frfi yod jdkg u ed o 4Tg Cg T z s s Z s u xtl jkv urpl ed jkeg 4g kgj kg leg ]Tg gj Cgu jd go ]g gj jd , s Z s , s s s T s hH kt eg 4,g k;df xsk;i kd _;7ouke Syf sdlm hg dhO u GStfjx 4g s z a s q , k;x uc d_fk; ydcf uoht kdlm 4g kr[n kvg kcL e krL\t kd ;ue Te a q wa s q w X s q ukt jkv Sht X , a 4g krkt uc rhxl e dkykv d j , a X s s kpof uoht hgo g krkt kg [An e jkpofv uoht kt 4g dIduf xke kgo ] , s q X s , a Z a g [kv kgt jkv g naukv kgo ]g dkykv kgt jkv 4g hrkt yef [kv Xe uo , a a , , a , s a , T X a ht skr ]g krkg oHnm kd rDf'7jkpof 4g krkt jH l dkykv ;nrv kr g , s . , s s Z a s , hrxkt rDf' hd jkpof 4kxxy klsS ]kg k;x yt k;hn hg dukpv e gx js/ s s X 1 s a s , v lt k; ]kxxy hg klS ]kg Sx yef {p hg lk;kuv kd uhg{p lt 4g kg s s X q s q s , , j kg okHofkv kd ktM rpfjfiv jkv ouHfv hldf 4g hgj xkt rDf' hg B s Z Z , , u Bkd l kRlArv hd ;o df x[n `sx[n k;D 4[n jkv kg rDe l kjkpof s s a a s X s X s X s , X q s X 4g krkv kuyp hg l uyp jGf 4g krx , s s , y ukg jkpl7rDj hg lk;kuv e kji Li re l sukg u idof Bkd jkv rDjf s s a X X , s \ 1 s s s , rfv d suyp l kji d ;o hg rLkN k;[fklc hd kjkpof 4krkg Cgu hg rg s s X , s a s s\ a , X s q s Bkd kd <jxkt d rDf' hd ;o dr cr g hrkg Rfo hd ukyp ekd sl kjk s s a , s 1 s X pof Skji dr ct 4g hrxy uxkt hg rkg rDe l kjkpof Skji rDf'7jkpof , s s s q s X 4g rdl ki lm hg ;ov kr sxtk[ e k;el l ue {iuf jkv T s s s X s X s , rk' eg nf; 4g krkg kiNf hH uk/kel hg e k;el Arro 4g krLi e }a} h a , s X q , \ X H jkv rDf; dfc ]krdl kt k;ky Cgu ok>yl Bkd hH hHd jd kL[ rk0 , q s \ a lf Bkd e /kjof dlm `kg u k;D ji yr hH hldf k;el go gkp jGf 4g s X s s s X s , krLi kuht jkv kuukt e krxel hdlm kd k;el Syf d uk/kel d k;el \ , X z s s s 4g rxy u>el kd T s s s k;el lm eg knk; hg kurm ]g krkg k/hl kurtf l k;el dil kd ;o , s s Z a a 4g hH drk? ]Cgu hg d;okuv kuky kd k_k' phc d ;o jkv uoht 4Sgf , s X s a , kp huLkN Rfo hd u[n e k_k' 4Sgfkp ku[n e ukeZro jkv /hl ]Cgu sl s\ 1 s s X X s X , s e;ke d rfe gm ]jd hL[ aSk;el kt uoht 4Sgfkp hukg Cgu >kc rf1e s 1 X s \ s s s 4g d;okv kukg ed l ed jkH kd kjkpof Syf d <jxkt d rDf'7jkpof , s s X s s `aSkxt kd rDf' hd jkpof jdOm jiM l rfe eg df g Cgu s s 1 , rpfm k;D jkv `kg uk/okl l Ifn hd u[n jkv hd rhrv knl eg df g , X s 1 s s s , Cgu rpfm k;D `kg rDe l kuk/kel kne ue kd ;ue df g Cgu rpfm k;D s q s X Z q q , 4g gj kt rkjgkn _l Sg Ij rfkH hd krkr eg jkv g krkt kr>ym uo T s s s w q s a X s , , ht 4g k;x kg oHlv chjd7chjd hg ku[sn e iW uu jkv ye dlm kd k; , s a X , w s s el lm ]jwn skr kutk[ yg raoht kd k;el hH hldf 4g k;nf jd xi hg y s , q a
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xy Cgu e rfki hd uoht dofrko kt 4g lkdof hg kd et go 4g hrkv s X z s , , Cgu defdkv go 4g hrkt kg Hjki ;e hg unf lm ]g krkg et unf ltf , s a z q 1 , s 4g krkg , s 0lf rk?ekv keh/ jkv def dS yod go kF k>el uoht ltf jkv ]g , s s , , krkt krkg rDjf7rDf' yod ji krki Cgu kr pgi Cgd ;ue 4g Cgu Nd d s s s qa q , q /fv l ;;iv d rDf' Syflb jkv g rfuf lk;i cl 4hrkg Cgu rfx Bkd s s , T z s s udfsy ]g hgj kg rfx df g krxy elm 4g hg klS uoht <jk/kl kd ;ue , s , X , s q 4g krjd k'kv hd upgi Cgd h , s qa H jGf ]g k;kl dykp jkv kg Syf rkt yc jkv kjkp e hLkxyc hg dS u , s , X s , s X X \ , s hldf lt g hlS rfFf go 4g krn jd Iu kjln lm ]g krjd reuf dS k s , , s , s w s , s t 4g rkg h/kjof7o o Im ]g hrkg k'nf dS u jkv g hrkg kr_ldS eum T s s s s s , s , , s w X kr u dfk;D ]g rkt kg F; lk;i rel d uoht Xe okHv d rDf; xtl s X T s s Z z s s 4g kgd /fyim d7rDf; hg lb u xt 4g kr , X s s qa , dl kg et kd ed gxt hd edrfi eeg kr ]kg ;rp gxt hd krRpfgc s Z Z z X s s , q ]kg rDf; gxt hd LhH dtkjv hd k;rDf; 4g d;okv kukv Xe 'kg kd r s \ X , s Df; jkeg ]kekv hjkeg ]<jxkt kd kRl hjkeg ]dl jd Nd eg oi dlb s X q Z w s 4hrdl jd Cgu idl jkv ;<uf go df a , Z X k;D 4hrdl jd Cgu ;puf hH Nd kr LhH ]jkv 4g LhH dS ]Cgu rDf; e q s \ , T \ g 4g lkokv kd k;rDf; duv ]Cgu rDf; dS eeg hg pl 94g ukoRpfqgc , X s X , ;que g;83g kgd u jhokge 4g krdsuv ]Cgu krdS elm ]g kvg k;kl kt , s , X , q s s `g krdl k;D hH kg llm ]g r , s s , li hHv kRl hdltf `g krdl k;D hH jd go ]kg u e orfv hg ;o kt q z , s X a s 4g nukv hg kukg kdlm 4g kukrNi hg okHv kdlm 4g x , a s , , s q k;inl hg /fyim hdlm 4g xk;iQn kd uoht hg kukg u /fyim hd uoht , s q s 7;l 4krOm Cgu hg ui kd xk;im suekl dlm ]Cgu kyef uoht hHv sltf z s s 94g Cgu uoht go ]g gj ukt uoht ltf ikv hHv 4kg rki uoht do , T s s s z frko df g xk;im hg dS kd uoht83kgd sue 4Li u kukrNi e nkc df aW , s T s \ X d xk;im e k'nf ldf kd uoht df F rNi o 4F Skv uyef yd do; dS s X s s w s s s q 4g krkg Hjki uoht dofrko hg l suOm jiM l krd_fk; jkv krLt , s a z s s a , \ 4g ;r7q;1e uoht d_fk; g; , q a 4g krd_fk; urspv yod ]Cgu uoht urpl go 4g , a s s , Cgu kukg Bkd kuiv ]kRl Bkd huiv hdlm 4g _ke<jdim dS yod go 4 s s s , s g hrjd Z;kd suiv rfi kjk} dltf ]g jlov dS yod ;ue e rfFf lb , z s , s q X 4g kukt k;df kjk} dlm ujo ]g Cgu krd kdub go 4g , s , Z T s s s rkg llm s; ]g Cgu krjd gb go 4g gkoi d_fk; jkv urpv ]g Cgu ed , X T z a , s T Z sdlm cl ; ji 4g hrkg rgfkoi Skulko ]g krkg /k ]g krkg ei l ;ue s T s z a , s s , s zs s q
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s , y ]g krkt kg hg l ujd Nd u uri 4krkg Cgu ikv uiv kukt jiM udfy s s s q s s s ]g krkt kg ikv uiv kukv sphu kr jd u Nd df g e;uf rok' g; 4kr , s s s X q , kt y Cgu ji kj['f7'kdi d /fkcl ikv suiv Ro d_fk; kd uoht ;kekl s X z s s a 1 a 4e kNe jkv jGf k; g krdl k X Z w , , t k;kt e /fkc l /kc kr k; 4jkv hd lkdof k; g krdl k;kt y jkv hd X s s s s s , s s 'kuof kr k; lm ]g lkHkv kt hHv 4g idof hg kn rhjiof dlm k; ji l s s , s T s s m 4g Cgu hg k'nf Bkd hjlhr dfk;D ]g rhjiof dlm o ]g Cgu ji um kt , s X T s s , s 4g k'nf hd c jkv , z , uoht jRg1o ]uoht go 4g krdl pgi dr kRl jkv dr ;o go jdyp j , qa , a i jk/kv dlm 4g Cgu hH Nd elm ;egc llm 4g Rfil hLc lcl hdlm s , q X w q s , a \ s go ]g kuokHl hLc lcl hdlm go ]g lkHkv kl7knae kd 'kg kt e ;ue , a \ s , s s X q 4g rxfb kd o0c dlm go g <jdf7/fkc kt e ;ue , a q s , s s X q `krkt k;yf ukt Cgu kd tjl k;D hg jdu s w kt lm 4g krkt jH l lkoof d ukg d tjl hg l ukg d <jdf dS kr Te s wa s s s s s w s s s s s 4g jkpkell kd ukg d rk7'kdi hg I , q s s s s z duf hg kukg kdlm 4g rdl jkv kupl hd kre{ hd udl pgi dr 'kdi s , s a , w s qa z hg <jdf yef/ go e j/v 4g Z<ioge hg kukg kdlm jkv g ;ov go ji w X s s a , w s , , 4g Iiv jkv y , , ef/ rgc <jdf g; Ar<jk/kl 4g hrdl uc xke kd ukt y e kRl >qe hg w q , Z s s X s <jdf7/kc g; ]9g e8 df g kgj ki /kc g; ]g kgj ki kurp e uiv kt Te s wa T wa s wa s X s s 4g krkt kpgi dr uoht hg jdLd , qa \ i kd k'nf d_fk;v lb 4g krd_fk;v hdlm or hgo g krki kg dWxkt jk s a , a , s , v xtl rfi dlm jkv ]g krki >el kd krd_fk; jkv krLt kt or go 4 z s , , s a , \ s g hH krd_fk;v elm 4g Cgu _; kt ]g klS Nd elm ji ]g hH _; ;ue , a X , a s , s q X , a q 4g exl kd krLt jkv kursp ];ue 4g uyef kd q;e jkv uoht ];ue , a \ , q , 1 , q 4g r} kdub ;ue 4kd uoht ;rp ]g thc kd q;e krL\t 4g r , , q , , 1 T gfUfl kukn ;e jkv uoht elm 4Sgfkp hukg ukero SkuokHl jkv Sk'nf X s q 1 , X s Z a a , a skn hg l Hjki hg ;puf elm kr ]g rdl kg rv kn d uoht nf; cr ]jkv s a z X s T s s a s s , 4kF Hjkv jdkg a s Idi df kt ]g hgo jdkg Idi rv 4krdl kg Cgu hH e rv go ]g Cgu kt z s , s z a s X a , s e Hjkv 4g krkg nwtke hg l Hjkv go ]g krdl kg rv kt df gj <jel X a , s , s a , s a s s 4g rdl kg rkel k; g rdl pgi e uoht Ikjof k T s s T s qa X Fr jRgo jkv eg kr k; 4q;e k; uoht A g rdl kg rv kn d uoht 2g k 1 , s 1 T s s a s s , rdl kg k;D jkv ;ofH kdum rDjfrfv d ;e ]g k;df Cgu ukorfx kd u s , s q 1 , s s iv jkv hd uoht7;l ukgtf 4g gj je yod o df Sgfkp kuukt gm ]g s s X T s s s X T
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4g ;y kd k{'f kuk[lf kd kyd lb hd ukg Hzi , s s s q 4g hgo kyd hLc lcl hd uoht 4g kyd dS kuOm jiM 4g , \ s , , rHhyG hg l kIp rrl jkv idl ]kuokHl go 4g Fk"Qi jkv ;klo;v w s s , a a , Z q , go 4g ku/kl jkv eJ kuOm jiM rdV 4g krkg exl hg k'eg kujrm phu , , q , s q s s 4g exl jkv tgl /yim go 4g Cgu , q , , krd;okv hd sujd "s'of jkv Nd Syf dlm 4g rk;i kun LkN hg klo , q s , Z s s\ , ]g k;ki l et klt kd ;o kr kg kuup kd q'i 4g krkt kg rrfi hH sl ' , s , s a s s q s , s q i hg tgl go kr jd u hH Nd Fkl suiv nf; ;ue df g ;h<je hH g; s s q q , 4dl n u'n7xke jkv hd sukg Hi lm kt g go k{'f d;l Syflb s s Z Z s s q z s s , . 4g _ro e uup kd ukg uiv go 4g hH kejfx dyfke jkv kr , a X s q s s s s , , , _aro hdlm hg; 4g lko jnv dlm hg kd kukn kekeji jkv 'i 4g jrhH , a s X s , q T sdlm hg kukn rev jkv "of 4g iNf hg kukn H'v jkv H' e ;ue udfy X s 1 , T s X s q , q X q s 4g k"kHjfi hH hd k{'f upo g; 94kxn jd Idi sl , wa z m e ]g Idiv eer kt 4g rfkH hd Bkn dS e83kF kgd u rkjdl hHd 4g T , z X q s wa a T s q , ;kim jkv e;ke kd ujd rD;Hfv lm g rgfurav kt e kekouke k{'f , s s , s X 4g ek<jfi kd okHv d lkdof lm ]g krdl kg kt go ]nk"of kd ;ue , s , s s q 4g Sx kg hjkH sl j T s kH d ler <ki jkeg jkv ]g jkd/fv 0lfet kjkeg kt g rjd Cgu oHu s z s , , s T s q v kd kryGi dofkl lm eg hg <jkd dlb 4Fkl d ;ue g kvg hg klS q z s s q , q s 4kg kryduf jkd/v gxt hd 'kdi l ;hn hldf s a z s s s , , X lt jkv kg Sx xy jFi jdxy u yG e s/ki d kyG hldf lt g krxy w X , s X w s , , klS jd[n srdIH e k;Ifk? hd kr'i lm ]hrN k;bkpM hd kr;nf kekjr s s X X q s w a a a v hdltf 2g krkt kg rkel jdkg k;D jkv g krkg kni jdy kre{ hd uskg , s s , , s , s s k;D go `g k;yf jd k;D g; Fkl suiv ;o su ;que 4g krxy ukj ;n , a , s s kje jd[n kd k'kjuf jkv nk"of j?f eum jkv g kr[n Xe k[kv hdikv Te s s s , s X , wa s X a ;y kd k{'f 4g kruc rDf; go l ek<jfi d k;fi lb 4g krx , s s z , y ukg rfd zxkdS jkv ku? Nd elm jkv g hrxy ukg rtlof krRpf7d s s X , q X , , s s s uv hdlm l,o7lo ]g krkg rpfjfi l iWo rkg Pkxi d ;rp go lt7slt s s , , s s s s \ z s , s , , 4g krxy ukg jki d krd_fk; jkv krLt , s s s a , \ rDf; jkv g rkg rIfk?nm ek;kv d /kc l,o7lo ]g hrkg rfx jrhH slt7sl , T s s . s s s s , , s , ,t 4g hujd rfx jkgl dlm jkv elm ]g jrhH d ds;i <jdf kt hd /skc , s s , X T s z s 4g krkg kun kokyc kd uoht ji ]g hrkt kv Skyc kucf q;e 4kr , s s q s , q 1 kg Cgu ikv uiv uoht ]g hrkt kv ikv suiv krLt 4krkg Cgu u;Um udf s s , \ s
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24g okpc _kedS hg kOrfi e Hi , z X q z hd ;ue 4kxn jd Iuof hg kd ;que kr q'i kd ;ue kF;v 4g d;okv q s s s q , r;v <keZufui kd ;ue kr g kukpc kFkg hg d ;ue nf; kd ;ue 4,g ; a Z q q s , X s q s q kH kd ;que hg e Fkg d k{'f 4g jHuf ji rkc hlb ;ofH kjkl kjkeg 4 X s , Z kxkg et kd krouke Bu jkv kd ;ue Su dS jkv hxkg <i go hHr Sgfk s , q , s Z w p kun ukKof jkv Zxke kd rfk' jkv ]Sgfkp hujd ohr rfk'v g; kd k{'f s , a , z a s 4kxSki 'soi e dky d rfk' go hg jdjtx llb dfXk;D ]g hg H' r z X s s a q s , q fk'v g; j,kv 4g Cgu rfk' hH lm dr cr ]oki kg u /yim kd 'kdi hH a , a s s s s z go dr ct jkv ]g thc dS kvg kcn e jkd/av d efH hH ;ue hg slo , , q X s w q , 6g srjtx l kLhi7oli ugx <ki dum dr cr ]g ry ki Cgu kd 'kdzi d T q s \ z z s T s s s s ;l jdkg rjfdv o dr ct kr ]g rkc thc Bkd e efH eg lt 4hg hxsjd Z w s q a s s T s s s X w s , rLfhi lm lk; jkv hupc dS dr cr ]y ki u kd lkdof thc o dr ct \ s , , s X s s 4g Sg Syf e suiv hg thc d krZ<i jkv lkdof eji lm ;ue , q X s w , q 4g krFkr jkv krdFkl hg jdki lm 4g rev jkv nukv kOrfi hgo ]jkv , Z , Z s , 1 , a z , 4g hrn kOrfi Xe kekeji lm hg kr< , s z s Z i hd ukKekv 4g rkg rofkHi <ki dlm jkv hd Hi jkv ]g krkg rtlof w T s s z z s s q z , , s q 'i kdlm e k_ke hlm ]g krxy uukt kd ukK7o e k_ke ltf rDf; jkv X , s s X , 4g hgo ;y , erfv kd ukK dfk;D Sgfkp kuOm e k'nf hg hd ukK7o <jp kygi kd ukK a X X `sxjd k;D eg hH kd 'kdi jH e rxt jkl ]kg kj/av Xe ;o X z s X . s s s a `kg u ukK7o ji d dltf ;e k;D kd ukK lS 4g Cgu kuukt Arro k s X s w s s , q uukt go kr ]g rpfjfiv l kRl hg hd ;o nf; udfy ]y ukt Nd cl Te s wa s a s wa q 4kuk[lf kd kekv ]g Fv kd uk[lf uoh s , Z s t 4hxSk[lf hH kd uoht ]Cgu hg kdofhtkv go ct ]hxkg <keil cr k{'f s s z 4g hg _ke7gn hd , s uoht kdofhtkv dfk;D ]g Cgu <ki eltf ]g jhj' hg klS hHv k{'f hjkeg X , z X , s 4g Cgu <ki yod ]g dhO cl kr jkv e gn lb df gd e /cal d , z s , s , X s s X a s rDf; re hldf Bkd lt ]g hg hlo yH g; 4g hLc rgc yH g; udfy 1 s s , , , w , \ q w s `g Cgu yH Bkd jkv rDjfrfv d yH lb hd k{'f hd tkv df gd e k;D , w s , s w wa T 4g ;kgjfiv "duf g; kr kxjd jkpof Bkd nf; ji k{'f hd tkv 4skg , Z Z s s s krht hg Syf d uk[ ujo ]kg krk[ u Syf d uht ;ue lt 4g Bx uc ; s s s s s q s , , y kdofhtkv 4g kvg hH e k{'f hg klsS 4g rkt uc ;kl jkc duv 'ou , q X T s s kKv hg u/kl ji 4g hr[j Cgu Fv Bkd kr e ikv uiv kdofhtkv 4g ;we , Z s s X s , kd kdofhtkv Syf hg d uoht 4Cgu kdofhtkv _ke ]g ;y kd k{'f uoht s ,
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]g /yim kt 4g krn Lkr kd yH lm jkpof hH kl7kLkF rfi d ;o 4,g hr , s , s s\ s w s\ z s a kg ywH hlo ]hg e /kcv ]hg e jkpofv Arro 4g krkt kg uOfd kuuke kr s , X s X q , s s hg rkg urpl 4krkg Cgu urspl hH kuuke g; 4g kry uke uoht hg slm ]g s s s s , s , krkg /yim kt kr ]Cgu hg krukt rDf; kd uoht d rfkH hldf jkv ct s s s s s a , 4g dofkHko yH go 4hF hd hH sue yH hd uuke uoht hg kd uoht rF , w T w s s fdkFr lb hHd 4g kgj gd e g; hg jdukt 4g oHuv UHf kFol uoht 4g wa T , q Z T Cgu rpfjfi cl l uoht 4g ;e hg; Arro 4g Cgu uoht g; ]_ef `hxskg s , q 1 q , k;D q;e jGf kr g uoht hg; nf; `g Irl jkv rr hg llb ikv k;D ` 1 s , T q a , 1 s g uoht hg; k;D 4g gj II jkv g cn cl l cM 4g Sg Sdf j? kruhgZFv , T s w , T s s , q ` g k;x jd Cgu 'soi "of kdum hH e rDj dikv k;D jkv g hgj kcn Cgu S , z X s , T a krpV hH kd unx hdikv k;D `g rjd Cgu oHquv kd uI? hyko un kjc? j s Z T s q s s rhH uiv hH ikv k;D `g hdikv rfFf hg hlS k;D 4g Cgu hg kri Bkd kr s , s , s s kd kvkog h;knuoht3kd kvkog 4g krn Bk[nf hg [An lki7lkv 4g kgj skg X X , s q , uOfd kusy dr lko 4g gj kLGLr jkv g upc o llb 4g Sg Ldt cl T s \ \ , T s , s s T q s \ o eltf ]g krpV ]g ikrl ku? dS 4g rn Bk[nf cL Xe kLhi hHl 4g h[Aqn s X , , a T s s s w \ T hHl3[An g go ]g ukel e cl um rkc dS 4g kyef jlov kd ujd u;; q , , X , s v kd kxky kjktg 4g kryef kdke s>e kd suukt kd k;ue Su7Su unfrfzi s X s X , , q s X q 4g hrgkp kuOm jkv hd dkykv jkv g hrgkp kuIg l jkd/v [kv 4g kd T s s , T s a X a , b jkd/v kgo df kuukt kr kg krOm yk;[ kd u;kyi l kgo nf; hg ;pu a a s s s a f 6g krkv jkpof kd uxkH l kgo k;D `g hrkg Rfo hd ukIg [kv l kgo , s s a , s 1 s a s a k;D ][sn e aSd d ue uiv 4dk> jrhH go df g krjd kuFki l d;i Te s X q s s s a wa Z z s s z `g Cgu hjWt /kc kd ukg e g1xkjkd d ;o Syf d et d k{kdkv hd u , s s s X s a s s a s kg rDe l g1xkjkd k;D 4g krdl Cgu hH xkt go ]krukt Cgu g; kt 4g Xe s q s , s , kuf go df g d;okv kuukt g; ]syp e k'nf hd uxkt Bkd df oi sdl , X s s Z w b 4g e kuf df Xukt ]g e jkd/v df ukt kr g e kLhi jkv [An ]g Xe ; T X T X a X s T X \ , q T H ]g e ikrl nf; `g k;D `g kgd ikv df Ni l a;o 4g kukg e ikral T X a T T a X w s , s X ]e kLhi ]e [Aqn ]kukg e jkd/v jkv g jkd/v kr kuf 4g krjH l dkykv X \ X s X a , , a s , s s s kd ;n hg k;hn kd rf1xkt 4g iW hg kd ;e kr kuf 4g e <jxkt uoht , q 1 s , X 4g Cgu krkl hH jdkl go g krxkt lrv kdltf jkv , s s , . a , ]krkg Cgu kvg kxkt hH jdxkt go ]kg k;kl lrav kdltf 4g lrav jk} kd s q s s . , . <jxkt dofrko 4g d;okv kuy[ kd lrav kr Syf dlm 4hrII Cgu nCu , q . s s w s l _ke7ukt y[ d k[kv 4g hg kuf hH <jxkt rFfdkFr g; rdV ]g hg s q s X a , q , kuf kr kuf 4g gj rhc hg e kuf hH lonf ]Cgu hg _fkj 4g kvg k;skl ; s T s X , q q ue ds;i 4g Sg Skl ikv 4,g kvg k;kl ;ue df g kr[n `g kr[n k;D Te z T q s q s q wa s wa s jkd/fv kd knil7uoht a
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94g krjH Cgu l lkol hH uoht , s q kdlm dr cr Skt kg u hg klS hH ;ue dr ct 4g k;yf ki kd kr<wi h s s q , s Z d lkdof huiv ukgm 4g Sx kg hgo ]F rdl kg kt o dfk;D g jH l lko s X T s s s s s s X T s s q l jkv ]g Fo 4g jnl yG83kgd ue lum ]F Fkl _ef kt 4F e k;xfc , T T qa w s T s s s s X jnl dS hd kyG eg gcl `g kjkpof kd rDf;Hfv hdum hHd ]kd nukv qa X w q , s s a sdum hHd `g k[n hHd kd kyG 4g hH kukg dofrko kjkeg kupgi Cgo 4g , s s X w , s qa , kupgi dr kgo ]g rdl skg kt Arro ]g kugj dQ Cgu Cgo ]g kt cl eg qa a T s s q , s T s 4g krkg dyfke kd knil hiNf eum hgo ]g kry jd rroj , s a X , s fi e kvkrdofrko kt gm 4g SkuokHl kr thc 4g kukt kg Cgu rr hg sl X X s X T a a s , s 1 lm 4g rfkH hd kthc go ]g kyef eg uoht kt 4g hH hd uoht rfFf hg; , a X , X s , 4kF k;yf jd r<jfi e knil jdkPc X a \ kux kjktg gm u jln jkv ]F Sx kg Iu jdLl thc d ygi kr kI,ky 0 q X X s s w , s s \ s s s o ct nkc d k"o Nd 4k;kPc gm jkv hd hr[ hdum u jln 4k;nf [j j 1 s q \ X , s s s w dLkx e uhet gm su _i ygi 4ku[j jdykHl kd kthc ub er ]g kgj kt \ X X q s a s X q wa ji k_k;Fhr Syf d ;el rpfufv e df kgd jkv Snf skd kukn thc Nd Z s T , X s q s wa s d gx sulm 4kF krgkp kuup hjkd/fkjRm kd Rfil huiv go oi d uje 4 q a Z w s s hgkp huy k{hji hd k_i kn suiv u rDf; 0o hldf 4g hul ue hukgd dS s X q s s 1 , q s T 4g hg _ke7kuokHl dS hd oHuv jkv lkdof sd uoht dfc ]Cgu uoht go , a q , 4kukt kg re Irl llm3kuy jd re lkoof ji lm ]g kyef klt uoht s q a s s , , 4g rfki hd u , z oht7;l hg e utk[ ]ktk[ 4Cgu k/kc kd ;o ]Cgu k/c 4krkt gj Cgu oH X s s s s s a s a s a a l slm kuLkn jkv hd jxkl udfy ]g krkg Iu jkv g krLl go jGf 4g kr ,\ s s , s , , \ , kt kg rfkH hd kjcL j?f d huki rDf; kdQ eum jkv Crn ujd Cgu k_k; s a X s s X , s s hd uoht kd rDf'7jkpof hd ;o hg jhtt hd lkoof 4g upLv hg hd lk s a X a , \ oof e rDfe hd jkpof 4g /kjov kLc lcl Rfo hd lkoof e xke d ukK X q , s \ s 1 X Z s 4g krkt k;yf uke kd u>c lk; hg sl , s s q huki dufikd O> jkv g rn n k[k/ kd kyG hylv hg ywG d txkd rfkH s w , T s s s s X w s a lb 4g krn jd hg kuuke ekd kd uukt 4krkt gj Cgu hg <jkd Bkd kd u , s s s s s yp 4Cgu hg ryp e k'nf hd uukt o ]g ry uke kt 4g k/kc lkoof Sy s X s s T s s s , f sd tk[ 4g drk? kuuke Syf d uukt 4kutk[ huk; jkpof 4kuuke huk; l s , s s s koof 4g hrkg huLdi k'nf hd dsoof jkv jkpof ]Cgu hd lkoof Syf d u , s \ , s s jd /yim kd uoht 4krkg Cgu /yim kd uoht ]g hg krht _ke go g kr s s s , , yp kt llm ~ ~ ~urpv ~ ~lkoof 4g kuI? h/kjof ydcf l lkoof jkpof s s s , s q s 4g krkg Hjki kukg xH7eH hg kjk} dlm ]g urp , s a z s a z s , s l jkpof 4g lkoof/v go ]g urpv jkdho 4jd jkpof ]Cgu jkdho lm , a , s X s
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X a k/v urpV7or 4g rkt kg h_k; d kvk'nf UHfof xk; jkv urpV7or Cg; T s s s X s , 4g kd k[kv hg knl ]Cgu kd 'kdi ui 4g kldfpf u'n ]g urpV jkpof , X a z z , Z , 4g , hrdl kg ;nkim hg gkyl hd dldfpf ]Cgu hd djkpof hldf e k'nf lm s s X 4g d;okv jkpim kd Xk[kv ]Cgu jkpof Syf dlm 4g krkt k[n ]Cgu kp , a s , s s kl 'kdi dfk;D ]kxkg hg F; urpV kjkl kdlm 4gj krjd urpV kd 'kdzi z X s Z s rDf; k/v Bkd lt ]g hg lsS kugj L\i e kvk<jk/7jkpof d0fkc hd ;l a s s , , s s X X , 4g Cgu , hH jk} kjln Bkd jkv ]g krkv hg jdkg l ;o jk} kd uukt kd ;l `g w s , , s s a s s , krdl ukt ld kd ;l go ]g krukt Cgu kd ;o kt 4g krkt kg exn jkv s , s , s a s , s Z q , uOfd 'oi e kRl7o hg kurm ]g krkg kjgx kurtf kv/ jkv // hdum 4 s z X , s a q , qa g hrkg hg rnfkNkv jkv ujo ]Cgu rIfk?nm kRl hd ;o lum 4g or ;h , s , . a s T rktof so 4g krkg l jgkc uexkv kd kjkpof df g d;okv ku[j <je g; , s s X , 4g hg e oki knl , X Z sd Xk;fb kr go dfk;D ]g krdl kt k;df Cgu 'i lm kjk} d jkpof ]g k a s X , Z s s , urp kt ji d djfrkv d ;o 4Cgu e uk/luv d ;l eji rdV ]g krd s s X a s a X a q s q , l kg hxk;gl kr e tk[ hd ukKof ]jkpof Syflb 4g h_knet hd jkpof hg s s s X s T xjr el hd koHuv ub 4g Cgu pgi Bkd hd k;fb dr kgo ]g kt jrhH X a w X q , qa s X a a , s d ;o 4g jgkc kt g Fel e uukt hg lm yod k;fb dfk;D ]g rkg d s a , s T Z X s s s a a X T s s s .rxt kc oHuv hHl s; 4g krsy jd rhg1xl kd koHuv dfS Rpf ;ue q , a s X q sa q 4g rkg u'n d ;l d ;l hg e 'kdkv d ;rp jkpouf 4g krskg T s s Z s Z w s X s , , 'oi e ;l hg l xk;jfi dum 4g rdl uc Cgu k;Pfhl hd upgi dr l s z X s s T s a \ s qa m jkpof rkK kr g rkKv ;l 4g krkt y Cgu e rkKv go ]g rkK hH kt s , , s X , s 4g krkg l Ifnrv hd ;o et kdlm dfk;D ]g krkg dyfke hg u'n , s s 1Z a a X , s , Z 4g rdl kg Cgu dyfke hH hHd jkpof dfct ]g hrkt hd kni kupoekv T s s , , , a hd krdyfke jdkyef kd kxk;l Su7Su jkv gkikgM hg dum 4g krkg kuyp , s X s a , s s , s jduke Rfial hd tuf elm hg kd kjkpof d kjln 4g jk/m xke kd jkpof X s X s X w , Z 4g hrn kOrfi e urkul jkv , s z X , rok' /fyim hdlm 4g krkg Cgu rrojfi ;l 4hrkg Cgu krjFf Bkd eu , s s s X m ]g hrjd jHuf rfFf hdum ji [Q d kvkog ddkr 4g rkt ync e rf , Z s X T s X wHuv hd k<ki zxel ;l dfct ]g k<jk/ d0fkc re 4g rkc UHf ;l jkv q X z , , T X , re 4g rkt gj jd>ym hg e kre o ]g rLi elm kt 4g k;ef jkv de T s X X s T s \ X s , , kH k'nf go 4 krkv Cgu hH hHd ;rax ji ],g hrkg rgc kr rfx elm 4,g ; z s q s X hp Zxke7jkpof 4hd uZ'n dS ]hd jkpof dS3g Sk'nf kn hd tsk[ hd ;l T a s xk; /fkel s
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hrkv krdWxkt l u/kl kr;' jkv g hrkv kr;' l u/kl krdWxkt 4g s s w , , w s s , hryef kr;kgl e jln l u/kl d dS jkv g <ekv hxk;gl <ekv kukn X s w s s s , T s X s 4kg krkg Uim Hk{of slltf s s s jkv jd kni jgy ji yh> hd Rpf kt ]g krkg kukg rpl rfi d h<ko hl , X , X s , s s s z s s S k; jkpof lS ]ed lsS 4kg kryp jdkpc kd Shn uiv l k;/fkv e jkd s s Z s s s s s X a X /v d _fkj dFfi Bkd l,t ]g krLi kuykHl hg lo kd rfk' hd Rpf 4g k a s s s , \ a s , s a , rjd rk'v kd Rpf ek<jfi kdutf ]g krLi kudkj l uLi kd a;o Xe kokH a s , \ s s s \ s X jkv kjkpof lsS 4g kNv hg kurm ]kg ryfknkv jkv rnfi ed kurtf Rp , X s , s s a , a f df g ku[j <je g; 4g krkg kujd Syf d kr;' <ekv hxk;gl kjlwn , , s s w s 4g <ekv kygi g; 4g krIN Cgu , , w Fkl kdlb hH e kuf df dr kg; 4g hrxy ugj Fkl d tgl kurp7/kc d X a , s s s s S jh/7jh/ jGf ]g krkt kg Hjki <jxkt e kKi rli hg ArokHo l ujd s s , s a z X z q z s s rk?kv ji k'nRpf hl7kuf/v huiv jkv ugj rpl jrjuf Syf d krdWx Z , s s a s kt 4g krkg et kd h{kl e ;o ji ujd k<jk/ hlS rrl 4Sgfkp kukg sl , s X a s s s krxtl Z<ijfi ]Cgu l kFov hl7Bkl jkpof hH Bkd k; ed hH Bkd 4g kr w s s s Z s , Li kuLkN kd krRei jkv kNe huiv e kjkpof k; k;kd Syf d krdWxkt \ s\ s z , Z w X X s 4g hrkg ryfG /fkel kgo ]g krkg exl jkv g hrkg kr< , s a , s a , , s Z i kgt hd kukn ub 4Syf d kr;' kd jln jkv ]g krgd <ekv Syf d k w a X s s w s s w , wa s rdWxkt e kd dS 4g krkg kujd <ekv l kvncV kn ji jkohn hdum Sy T s , s s X q s f d ujd jn kd kokHi ;hrktof lm ]g kryp kt uki kd ;l k; kd ;o s s w s X z s , s s s s a 4g d;okv rgc ku[j e , q X uk; kd Bkpl lb 4g hrkg rgfurv hg ;ov hH rDf' hd ukIef e rDf' s , s a s X hd ukuc 4g hrkg hjgkn k'eg kr_ro 4g kr[j hg ;ov hH kre{ hd u s , s s s a , s Lkr gm go ]g krkg Fel e uykL k;Lfc l Fkg uiv e kji uiv kt qrdV s\ X , s Z X s a \s s s X X , s s 4g _ro ;que Syf d ujd nc jk} d upg , a s s a s s qa i dr kRl huiv l kFkg hg suiv 4g hrkt dIH e Cgm jGf jkv g hry j s X , X , , s d Uim kd kvk;frfi7jkpof l e xll d k;"of hH kurp7;ue hg slo ] s X z s X Z a s X s q , g rkt kg Fel e ujd Rokv jkv sudkP lm kt ]g kry jd kni ynkc slS T s s Z X s 1 , a s s , s , s jddG <jdf rRm huiv ji jxkl lt Z;l 4g hr[j jgkc d ;o eg jko X X s , w , s a X hn hg; 4g hrkt uc jkohn hIke dS A'e hd kjgy rk'v ub 4g krgj UN , s X a , kv l kvk;frfi el rfi dum jkv kjkpof ]k;"of Ar<jk/kl Rpf kjkeg s X z w z s , X X 4g {p Syf d ;l /fkel 4g hrkg /yim /fkel cr ]rxkt , q s , s z Z<i l If1n hd h;"of jkv g krkg ;' ct Rpf l Ifn hd k;"of 4g krgd w s , , s w s 1 X wa /fkel e kd kFov rxkt <i jkv ;' hd Rpf 4g ukKof kd /fkel xk; T s z Z w , w , s 4g krjd Uim kr_ki jkv ;ekl hd u'n , , Z Z sd ;l jkv g krsn [kv xk; dfct ]g kupoof jkv jkpof kd 'kdi kjk} , , X a s , s , z
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Huv d orfv d uoht >el 4Cgu >el Bkd >el d0fkc df gj <je q s s s , s jkv g krkg d0fkc _ke ]nH kdlm 4Cgu rht kd nH lm ji ]g ry jd n , , s , s s s s T s s sH n;k' xky Nd 4kg rht kd nH lm jkv kg rjd nH e ytfe hd upgi s q X s s s , X s s X a s qa jkv ]e ncV ukFi kt g rDf; hg ed rgc 4g krkg hg; Ar'kd/fv n;k' , X q z s T q , s a 4g rkt dQ jduke ;rax hg kd ncV ukFi kt g xky hg urd T s s q z s T s s f ji 4g krdl kt Cgu kjgO hg ji lm udfy ]g hrdl kg W' skr k_k; sll , s , s q m 4g Cgu kr<i hgo udfsy ]g kr aSkuokHl elm 4Cgu Nd cl hgo rdV ]g , Z w T s a X q q , kr kdefH go 4Cgu rk;i hg kukt yef uoht Syf d ukg r/fcl l uoht s w Z s s s a a s 4g krkg Cgu /cl l uoht hH Sg rkg rofht dr cr k , s a a s q s s s g u oHuv g; dr ct 4g Sg Sdf <jk/ ;nv kd ;n 4g krLi Cgu Bk[ q , q 1 s 1 , \ nf kt g krkg eum rk_ uoht kdlm g krLi Bk[nf kt 4g rkg e ;1nv < s , s X s , \ s T s s X ki sd ;n 4e kLt ;nv3g e kL\t kr uoht `kxkg ld /acl l uoht kr z 1 X X \ 1 , X X s s s , a s s kg u kri hg kd kLt 4Cgu kri kd kL\t huiv hg kd ;ue ]g {o kr {o j s X \ X s q , 1 s 1 i `kxkg kri kd kL\t huiv gm k;D df g krkv jkpof kr g kr[n kd k{o s X X , s wa s s X 1 4g k;x kg hg < , s jeof kd uoht df g r; urb e suht eg n;k' 4g kvg kyH uoht ]hH T s X , q w Sg rkg rofht 4g hg klS dfc ]g krdl hg kg yod u 2g krdl kg g; ` q s s , s , s s , s kg u /cl kjkeg l uoht df g krdl kg g; hH Sg rkg rofht k;D `g hl s a a s , s q s s , kHk/kjof kurdf ;r g; 4,g Cgu /cl kjkeg l uoht hH Sg rkg rofht d s a a s q s s fk;D ]kxkg rpfm hg; n;k' `e /cal d uoht3aWd Xrkc likv e /cl ldf X s X a s s X a a XLt ;nv hd uoht \ 1 4g krkg ;l hg e kFv j/v rgc kugd rofh , s X s w q t lm ]g krukt Cgu kt kd ;l7uoht 4g ukel hg d Xkdre eg oi sdlm s , s s T s 1 Z w 4g hrkg hg nkc d rfHquv lb rkvW' hd uoht dofrko 4g krkg uyef sl , s s w q , s ;l jkv g krkt kg uhyof jkd/v 4g rkg u'n d rev jkv g hrkt Ief , , s a T s s Z s 1 , , q 1 , ;e 4g krukt kd iWo nuknpfl uiv go e dkykv lb 4g krjd oHuv s a s X s , q kd dkykv ;hupZoufv jkv g krkg rOfrfi e ;o rDf; kjk} d rfk lb s , , s z X a s a 4g krdl kt k;k>el lm hg sl , s dhri d ukt yef [kv lk;kuv kd /v 4g krkt kg rjfrkiW uoht hg kj z s s a s s a , s a kl kjk} dlm jkv g yekv rfk go 4g Cgu e uoht7;ue urojfi Bkd kL s , , w a , X q Z s \c l urojfi lm 4hF hrdl kg Cgu hH kuid Bkd eg Ar<jk/kl hdltf g s Z s s X , krjtx l rfk hlS dS Rpf kr g hrkt kg <i ct krdWxkt j,kv kr;' q s a s s , s Z w w 4g klt /cal , , a d Lv7xe /cl kdum 4g uOfd kugd g; ]g <ioge ukd e kukn um 4g s s a q a a , , Z w , X X s ,
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X a e ;o ji 4g Cgu jFf <v hH dS ]ncV hH dS jgkc d ;o df xkvki kr , q q s a s s s s s ktk[ jkv k[n 4g Cgu kvg kjgO hH Nd kgo 4g jFfv Nd cl e jklal , s s , q q a , q X 4g ;el urojfi `g k;D ;el 4kxkg kuyp jgkc d ;el Syf d uki uoht , Z , s s s s 4g UHf uoht jkv ;q;kv 4kuy >el u T , s 0fo7uoht hg lm 4g krkg e ;el kukt rPc kd em 4jgkc d ;el uoht 1 s , s X s \ z s 3g rkg rIf? e ;el ;e jkv et 4g jgkc d rfx hd ;el uoht 4g sr T s s X q 1 , , s T w Nv hHl l uoht 4Cgu l Ifn hd uoht udfsy g krLi Bk[nf nH Xeum kr s s 1 , \ s s s l Ifn hd ;e kFr et >e kr g kr[n kd kpc jkv g kr[n kd kPw\c Te 1 q 1 s q s wa s s X , wa s s X 4g e/ hgo 4g krkg /yim uoht l ku/kl 4g krgd ku/kl e hg kd uoht , Z , s s wa T s rNfev 4e uoht kuht rNfev jkv urspl3kxSkt y e q;e kuht rN Z w X Z w , s X 1 Z fe jkv urpv 4g hg et kvg rlfdof ;e 4,g hrdl kuc uoht kd et k w , s , q q 1 s u/kl 4g krkg klsS l sun LkN hg ji lm 4g krkg 0lf jk} hg kd ;e go , s s s s\ , s q 1 kr Ar<jk/kl udfy 4g krdl kg jk} kd rfx go e uoht udfy g Cgu kr s s , s X s , s uoht et 4kekeji uoht3g jkll et 4djfrkv uoht3g kuI? kc et , a a , 4Cgu uoht ]g , k;ki hg et hHv ulm df g hg; kr pl 4g k;yf uke uoht hg kd et u s , s , s s rDf; lS 4g UNfofv jkv L[v kr oHquv kd uoht dfk;D ]kxkg Cgu o s s , , a s X s Huv kd uoht hH oi d ;e jkv nkc d et lm 4g Cgu rofht go ]krskg q Z w s q 1 , s s , Cgu oHuv kukg kd a;o ltf rkpi d ;e jkv oi l et 4g rofht hg q s s . s q 1 , Z w s , kd _ke7sugd go ]kukt Cgu kd a;o sultf UHf l jhj' jkv jiM l jhj' s s s , s 4g knk; hg q;e rofht jkv ed uoht go ]g rgd uoht ltf eg Arro , 1 , T s s q 4g uforfi hekxjn hg hd sukg /c l et ;H7q;e 4hg xkg rhH;H , z w s s a s 1 s X hH l q;e o ]g /c kt l et 4g "duf jkv lkdof hg kdlm go 4g Rfi s 1 s T s a s s , Z , , uf tgl hg hd yH hygi go 4g krkg et hH kd rfkH hd uuke rfkeljf w , s az s i hd ;o kd ;e hg l yH hd suuke uoht kd et 2g hrLi huuke hH kr a s q 1 s w s , \ Z<i jkv rv hg kd q;e lm Ar;koufv ]g kruke jkv krukt uoht hg kd e w , a s 1 s Z , , s t kt jGf 4g krkt k;yf uke uoht hg kd et kr xt u Ifn g; 4Cgu r s , s s s 1 a , a z v ]g Hjki et 4g jrv e upgi jkv uyp 4g nH e uoht jkv et df , a X s aq , s , s X , Sgfkp kukv /kc g; l kRl hd ;o kFr l orfv ]l oHuv ]Cgu l 0fc s s a s s q s q 4g hH hd 0fc rfFf hg hlS , q s 4g krkg rrojfi hg u jkv g krkg rofkHi llm kr u yFrv kd jxkl 4 , s , , s z s s a g krgj hg kryp kuIef7kuuc kdum 4g hrkg krPn Bkd u jkv g krkg o;f , , s 1\ s , , s kF Bkd kr u kd kjgy hOm ji grl hd jxkl lt ]hgrl rgc hg g kunoal s s X s , q , s hd 0fc 4g hrkt Li e rfkH hd u>el kuiv hg kd kjkpof jk/m kr 0fc q , \ X az s s X s q 4g krjd k;u ]g krync kd rDf; kt g krkv ukK go hg sl k , , s s , rohr hd oHuv jkv l Bkjgx hd ;n 4g krkg hjkdek<jfi hHr Skv sl o z q , s , s
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4krkg Cgu hH Nd l Nhi s q s s jGf 4g d;okv kukt rp rgj xem 4Sgfkp [kv Syf d upgi dr uoht , s s a X a s s qa 4g krdl kt y Cgu Cgd j,kv rDjfrfv d ;1e ui , s s q k/v g; 4g Sg suc /v ikv jkv g nc [kv hdikv df >el kr ]Cgu nf; a T q s a , T a X a X s `g Sg ydkv kd uki T q q s s kd rkKv jiM d rkK <ki dikv k;D `g lk; Bkd hlS jrhH dikv k;D s s z s , s s s 4g hrkynf 'oi Xe , s z kjr jgx jRkjRm d uoht hgo dfk;D ]Cgu ;kHkl Bkd jkv kL\c sl kl X s s s X , s , hHv lb 4g hrkg kni klhHv Idm jkv zohr hd uki kd uoht hH jrhH sj , s , , s s keg ukt kj?f l kIiy hd q;e kd g1x d ;o hg lo ]xkH jgkc d j? lm s X 1 s s a s , s s jGf jkv g Bg hxy xkv elm g kOc e j? ltf go df ukt Bkd lt 4g , , q X , , X s s s , , krkg oHnm kd k{kdkv hd uki kd uoht hg jdukt kj?f e rfFf hd Id s . a s s X l lb kd ;o 4g rsn jd Ii hH kd rfFf [ek;1e jkv hj?f l ;e kd a s a T s s q s , s q 1 s ;o {p7jkpof rdV g krkg uZ'n kd q;e hd kjln yod kr l kv{pZep a q q , s 1 X w s s s X q 4Sg fkp Ifn el hd jkpof Syf d u[n lm 4hrkg Cgu hg Idi dr cr hry 1 w s s s s s z s ki Cgu kr<i huiv go df dr ct df g heh/ hurb k;fi g; hd <je Z w , z 4g rgj rje jh/7jh/ cl eg 4g ;e def go ]g k[j >el uoht uikv T s s s s , q 1 , s s ltf 4g gj hg je tkj7tkj ikv 4g kgj hg kg Arro3g kd ukg hH Fkl T s s s , s q , s s s dikv hgo 4g hrLi Bk[nf ;e hH huiv e ;e hdlm kr kg [kv hd u[sn s , \ q 1 X q 1 s X X a s kd ;l lki dikv nf; 4g rgj uc dZ'n ikv 4kF skd ujxf hg ji lm ;k s s T s s s Z Hn g; lt g rgj L[ lsS ikv jkv g krjxf e ge d ;e Bkd hg unfrfzi q s , T s s \ s , , X qa s q 1 s 4g g T s j kyp kdikv hg o df k; g gj kyp gm ikv `g gj kt Syf kgd kdikv s s T s X T s a s ji dikv 2kpkl jkv kjgO 4g kr[n rLkn e ge d q;e ;o kd hHl e 4g , s s s , s wa s s ,\ X qa s 1 a s T T srkt Lkn Cgo hHl jkv g kuLkn e ;e kuLkn e ;el 4g ike go kd k< s ,\ , , ,\ X q 1 ,\ X , X jp hg dlm ]g rfx hd q;e ;el 4g ke/<je hHl ]g hH Nd kt e ;el s , 1 , Z , q s X 4g jgkc d ;el dfk;D ]g jgkc d ;e hgo y , s X , s q 1 od jkv hgo 4g rev yod hg rfHquv hd orfv7o3kRl hd a;o 4g srkt s , , 1 s w T s Z kg F; cl o e hxntke hdlm 4g rfkH hd kvk;kN otuf {el dlm hH s X w , T a X s l3'; k; rDf' ]Rfil 4g rpfufl ;tof hdlm3jdLkN 'oi Xe uoht yo a , q s\ s z d3jd ikv hH Nd 4g <{ kd ;tof hg hdlm <{rfi nkc d et 4g hgj s X q , z s , kt hrkv Iduf <{rfi go 4g hgj tk[ kdikv ;e kF;v ]ktk[ kd uoht z , s s q 1 s s s 4g uoht hg <jxkt e kRl h , X lb 4g rhrkykd kRlo 4g Cgu ;el e ;o 4g jgkc d urojfi kt g Nd , , X a , s Z s , q
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krgd iW7/cl kd ei e lb 4g krn ky kNe rfi d k[An yod ]krky Cg a a zs T s , s Z w z s X q s u rDfe l [An go 4g krn jd ekd kd k; dnke ei 4g krn kyH kd ui q s q , s X zs , s q s s v e jkv hldf go 4g krkt kyp jwn l ;o go l e;ke d ei rFfdkFr X , , s a s s zs 4g krgkp kuyH kd ikv7suiv jkv g e [An ;ue 4g ;kim kd ukyH kd i , w s , , X q q , s q s kv7uiv jkv g xkj go ]g krkt kukt djd ei ltf Ar<jk/kl `g k;D ezsi s , , , s zs s , 4g kukg u kd klgV ]hg kukg kdlm 4g rk;i ei 4g Cgu , s s , Z zs , kr 'kdi ed7l7ed ji ]kg hH Nd jkv go ]g k;kv kt df Sgfkp kuukt k s z s s q , , s s r Li hujd kutk; hd ujd xyv lm hH ji ukv d 'kdi nf; 4g krkt ky s \ s s s s s z , p kj/v hg rkv d 'kdi 4g Cgu ;l ku/kl go Li hujd kIp hd uLkN s a s s z , s \ s s s\ hH kd klgV e ku/kl ltf 4g krL\i kujd Cgu utk;kv Bkd l xyv Syf d s X , s s s s uLs\kN lm ]g hrkt IN ikv uiv kr klgV e <jG lb 4g <jG kd ei ] s s , w s s X q , q zs Cgu xk; kd klgV go 4g ku/kl hd klgVv urojfi e okHo l /cl d ezsi , Z X s a a s 4g klgVv hg ei xkjrho g; 4g krkg xkjrho ]kr kg rfFf ]kg okH , zs , s s s s o ei 4g krkg xkj kr kg /cl ei 4g iW kn sd ei 4g krkg yod ]lc 4g zs , s s s a a zs T s zs , s s , krkg Cgu rfi d hldf go df g g; pl 4g krkg rfi dcl ei rDe7xkj ] s z s , , s z s zs q g krkg rfi d hldf ei rD;7xkj 4g 0q' kr kg u xkj ei ]g 0'v kr kg , s z s zs q , s s zs , q s s xkj ei 4g hd ei 0' rfHuv go 4g Cgu dekjkdu rfHuv ji ]g dekj zs , zs q w q , w q , kdu kr n' go 4g k;nf et kd rfkH rgc u krdekjkdu hd n' klgVv s , s az q s 4g dFkl hHr ]kg rfki ]Cgu xk; go 4Sgfkp hukg /fyim , Z s z s hd hldf ]Cgu kuLkN kd hldf go 4g hrdl kg Cgu 'iuoht go kr ]kg h s\ s , s s s g kuLkN kd klgV ]klgVv 4Sgfkp d;k/of Nd Syf d uN kd uoht 4g krd s\ s q s s w s , l kt Cgu jgx knk; l 0fc jkdu 4hF dekjkdu go ]kF krul e /cal d s s q q X a s klgVv ltf 4k[nf hH <jkd kdlb jh/7jh/ 4kF krkt gj krNv lrv ji s s w . a ]hF hrkg rofkHi lum skr 0fc 4CF hrkg hjiM rgc rkc o 4hF hrkg Cgu r s z s q s q X s s fr llm ]kF krul e /acl lm Nd kt 4kF krjd jkpof rgc ji klgVv Te 1 s q X a q s q `g k;D klgVv ,

4g ;l uoht jkv g eH ;e 4,g Cgu ;e hH jgkc jGf 4g , , , z q 1 q 1 , hrkt gj Cgu ;e hH Cgd jGf lm ]g kry ht ]g kry ki kd rev lm kt q 1 s , s , s s 1 s 4g hrxy uOm jkv , s s hd rev iNf e ;o hg tgl If1n hdlm ]g kry ukt rfkH hd ;e kt 1 s X a , s a q 1 s kd uoht rFfdkFr 4g hH rev e a;o jgkc d jkll3d ;el udfy 4,g hg s , 1 X s a s s q 1 X ;e e jkll ]e ;el 4hxLi Bk[nf ;e jkv kjkp skr [n jkv yk[ [kv a X s \ q 1 s X X s , X s X a
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]Cgu kudkP kd [Aqn 4g rkg Cgu /yim kd nukv hHd o ]g ry dkP kd a s T s s s a s T s s a s [An uiv kt jdkg rhH;H rfkH lb 4g krkg ue kd uy Pkv kd <jokv u q s s s a , s s s s\ s s iv lifko ]g krxy ;H 4g krkg oHuv [An kd ikrl jkv j/v u? 4Tg hr , , s q q a , s s a s kg oHuv k;bkjgx yrv hd [An hg rIg d k<jokv 4g hjWt kukg uu {e s q a q s s X , s l d a;o kd uukt 9g Arro kt8 lm 4g ku[n jdLk?m kd k<jokv d Xkvk s s s , q s s , s \ s X s upoekv jkv XkokyH ]g kudk> sNhi d nukv rFfdkFr 4g krjd jHuf Nd a , q , a s a , Z q cl hg ji jRm lm 4g kuNwi l suiv kd ds;i g; ]g nukv k; g [An e , s s z wa a wa q T 4g , ykol g; ]g k;D e 4g Cgu ykol g; ]g krjd k;D e 4g /kjuf7klgV go wa T , wa T , s ]g krkg rgfkoi kt l nukv 4g klgV go ]g krkg rgfkoi kt l [An 4g rfk , s z s s a , , s z s s q , a ekv ]Cgu urojfi7jkpkv go 4g l ukg Nd ]Cgu l ujd Nd /cl kdl Z , s s s q s s q a a m 4g kRl Cgu k;f go 4g hrkt Cgu hd klgVv df g ;h<je Syflb 4kxaM , , , kt kg e klgVv kr Mkt kg e naukv nf; e 4g e klgV kr g e [An nf; Te s X s a s X T wa X s wa X q 4g wa krgd klgVv e kd ei lb 4g _ro jkv rDe l jgkc go 4g k{iv Bkd u T s zs , a , q s , s s ]g /cl Bkd u l jgkc kdlm 4g gkoi djfrkv ]Cgu <"dkv kc Bkd Xe , a a s s , z a Z s iW jkv okHo lb d ei 4g krkg rluf l a;o go hg lS ]g krkg rluf , s zs , s 1 s s s , s 1 'kdi l tjl lt 4g okHo ]Cgu /cl ei klsS 4g /fjfi ei kr ]g d nu z s w s , , a a zs , zs s , X a kv 4g krkg oHuv gm ]g rkv Iduf kt ezsi 4g krkg oHuv kd a;o nukv , s q X T s s , s q s a 4g ygi kn T w s d dDlf hg dS o 4g k;rfhri skn hd rfHquv hg dS ujo ]g Cgu kn kukn s s s T a z w T s X s o 4g ei jgkc hgo ]g naukv jrhH kt Arro 4g krkg ryfG ei jgkc kr k s , zs , s q , s zs s s g nukv jrhH 4g rgd ei ltf ]g hruc dyfke hd knil lm go ]g hryp a T s zs s , a , e k'nf hd uZtlof7[Aqn ]Cgu <jeof7[An kurp kt 4g <jxkt <ijfi ]Cg X q s s , Z w u krdnke go 4g hrkg ji rDfe7[An hg rDf;Hfv hdlm ujo ]g krkg Cgu , s q q . , s <jeof7[An llm 4g ek<jfi kd nukv go g krgd klgVv kd ei ltf Te q s , a wa s zs 4g Cgu knk; go l ;kim d ukyH kd [An jkv ]g krkg U , s s s q s q , , s im l [An go 4g rfFfRpf hd <jeof jkv kNe ~ ~ ~hg lS ei kykouk s q , , Z w s s zs s t kukt l eku ei l iW <jk/kl 4g d<f{ rgc [l g; hg ;puf 4g [ql s zs s , q q , hg lkHkv g; 4g krdl kg oHlv kuyH dr jn rgc lm g kt dfk;D ]g , s a w s q s , s X , krdl kg hg lkHkv kd nukv e <jeof7[Aqn 4g krjd tk[ hd kNe jkv s a X , s Z w , krdnke hd jkdi hldf u hldf uktuv7ukt go g krLdi k'nf hd rfeo z s s , \ 1 f [An kt 4hd ujd rtlof lm g k'nf dS jkv ]hd uyH lm g k'nf dS q s s s , , s w s , 4g krdl kt y e kvk'nf kn kd kurp rDf; oHuk[An 4g krskg , s X X s s s q q , Uim l [An iW7eH g; kd ei 4g hg eH kd ei ]Cgu ei Arro go 4g s q z zs , z zs zs q wa
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k'nf hd nukv a 4g hrkt kg r , s k;jfi e 'kdkv /axl hd klgVv jkv g rxy yG d ;l Xe s/ki d /fkel X q , T s w s , s 4g 'kdi kd Shn d ;l go , z s 4g ek<jfi kd rfHquk;l klgVv 4g kr[nf jdkg klgVv e <jpkv hgo ]g k , w , s X , rkg naukv e lrv kt 4g rkg ryfG elm ei jkv nukv 4g krkt k;ki ;l s X . a s T s s X zs , a , 4g kusy ki kd nukv kuukt kd ;l 4 , s a s g kuukt kd ;l kuukt kd kekv ]kd c 4g nukv rfHuv hd c lm 4g , s s s z , a w q z , nuknpfl ]g jrhH d ds;i kt go 4g krkt kg hjkd/fv kd nukv hg ruk a , s z s wa s a s t kd uiv e 4g Cgu Nd jkv rDjfrfv d ukKv7o [An 4g krkt kg rtl s s T , q , s q , s of [Aqn hg Fkl d >kc lb 4g kuy ukt kd ;l hg kuy ukt g; ]g ukd Te s s , s s s wa , 4g krn yk[ jk} kuiv ;l Syf dlm ] , s s s g krjd lgkl kurb kt 4g rkt pgi jgkc d kLhi o ]g rkg htkj kd ujt , s T s qa s \ s T s s s s x l kLhi dr kehl lb kt 4g krkt uc IkGof ji rfFf ejp huiv /kc q s \ s , s s drfa;kv kd kLhi djfrkv 4g krkg <jxkt7ekv hg e okcn d rk{kl [Aqn \ a , s X s . 2g ukd go df g kr[nf lm jkc h , , , s ygi 4g krukt kd ;o go jkc hygi e 'kdi lb 4g kgj kg rk;jfi 'kd , s a X z , s i l /j7/j d kurp hdlm df g kr[n jkv g kr[n Sg rII kd j/v jr z s z a z a s s , s , , s q s w s ss a hH uiv go 4g krn jd rrojfi yekv lm <jxkt g; kd ;rp 4g kruc s , s w s , , h{kl kd rfk dS go 4g krjd rxkt kd ;rp oirHv dS jrhH uiv aa , 1 s , Z w w s go ]g krsy k[ Cgu kd ;o e kuil Cgdf jkv ]krjd Cgu u;kyi jdkjc? , s s a X X , s l ikrl k; [An rDf; kt 4g hrII kuf llm 4g krky kNev rk{kl [Aqn a q s , w s , Z w . 4g krn jd rOfrfi e kekv kd nukv , s z X s a <jxkt rfi d [Aqn 4g k;yf jd hg rk?ekv jdkyH kd [An ukgm 4g Sx z s , q s q s X T kg yGl e ukoax ]Cgu e uki kd uoht xky lS 4g hg kF;v Nd ;l ji s X s X s s s s s , q 4g srgd yGl eg gm g rkg eyke yGl e uyH e krdnke hd ekd k; T X T s s w X s w X ]hd '; k; ]hd u/ kt kd [Aqn rgfUfl e uoht `g k;D jkv ;kolf d uy s s X , , s s s ki kryGl go ]g rgd uoht yGl eg ltf jkv `g k;D jkv rDjfrfv d T s s , , , s Z w kNe go g rgd uoht eg ltf Ar<jk/kl 4g krjd tk[ hd kNe hg ;o T s s , s Z w a go 4g krn <_ekv kd kNe go ]g krgkp kuyH lm jkv g krxkH sllm , s a s Z w , w s , , s , kt 4g krkt y e ;o rk{kl kd [An 4g krkt y e jkll <jeof kd [Aqn s X a q , s X a 4g ir , hg rk{kl g; 4g krkg kujd rk{kl kdlm Syf d ukIef lm jkv g kukIef , s s s s , ,
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4g hrkg /yim skd ;l jkv rhxl ]Z;nkl ]krPkxi jkv , s , a T \ z , g hrjd uexZoM kurp ;houke eltf ]g dofrko lkdof hgo hg ;puf , s X , 4g krPc hH ;ue ;o eltf g hH lkdof jkv dS 4g Cgu lkdof _kedS h , \ q a X , , , g kukt krPc kd kvro 4g hrkt hd /yim hg jrhH d a;o ]Cgu jgkc kt \ X q , s s ]g hH 0fel hd jkdi jkv dS df g kgj kt hg kryH g; go e Lkn lb , 1 z , , w X ,\ dfk;D 4kxSkt krkg hg jfn hH jkv jrjuf go e Lkn yxki hd ukPc kd 0 X s , a X ,\ s \ s fel kc df gj <je 4g k;x kg jfn hH jkv go 4Cgu 0fel hd ;ue j 1 s , s , 1 q i g hPc kr 0fel hd kvro 4Bx Pc 0fel hd ;ue df gd u g; Syflb , \ s 1 X q \ 1 q X `g k[n Cgu srkg , s s jfn kd kIkel jkv Ikel kd kjfn suikv k;D 2g ry jd <jo kd krjfn o s X z , z s ssa T s s s s ]g rkg hyk'knil kt jkv g rtk[ kd knil jfn hg Syflb 4g krjd Id T s s a s , T s s s a , i kd a;o jgkc go hg rhjiof llm dhO Ar<jk/kl ]g krkg jrhH kt ;ue z s s , s s q 4g rgkp kuy kyH kd a;o e kr/kl jkv T s s q s X q , Z ;pc hekdrfv jkv g rkt uc rhuof hjkdgv 4g rxy ujd reuf kd ; z , T s a T s s s a o jgkc eg hg rhjiof dlm kd sujd u;kyi llm ]g kt jrhH 4kd knial s s s , s s jkv u/ rlfx l krjfnekv jkv ]g rtk[ kd ni rDf; rLfhi l kruhge , z s , T s s s \ s kv 4kxSkt kg rpfjfi l ;l lb hg tgl go ]kxjd jkpof hH kl7kLkF kt s s s s\ s `g Sg Pkv Cgu kd 0fel eg hg Syf d ujd <jeof jkv T q s s\ s 1 s s , ukiNf kd krjfn lb k;D 4g krkt jH l nk"of rgc ;n jd[n kd krj s s , s q s s fn djfrkv hdlm kr g kr[n kd ;que ct ]jdjkrm kd k_o d 0fel ]Te a s wa s s s X s 1 94g u;kyi sl , ;o cl rfki jkv rDf' ]0fel g; 4g ;kim kd ukyH kd kruhn jkv kr a z , 1 , s q s , jfn yod lc ]Cgu 0fel go 4Skpc l 0fel rFfdkFr hdlm kd ;ue ke s 1 s 1 s q keji83kxgd e e jRm `g gj gd k;D g; ikv hH jGf3g hgj kt hrPc wa T X T s , \ huxkp rkj huwn unf kr 0fel hd ;ue df gd Bkd n;k' udfy 4g rkg e q , s 1 q s s s T s s wyke Sg rht e rhxl jkv 0fel ]kru?l knk; leg hH /ki jkv h{i ]'i q s X a , 1 s s , , q `g Sx yH Cgu kr hg kuht kd uoht eg k;D T w s s 4g krkt gj uoht hg kd _ke7eku uoht , s hg ;puf kr kg u dkykv ]kg u nukv jkv 4g Cgu rfk' jkv 0fel ];nk s s s s a , , a , 1 Z T l go 4rfkH hd >kc dS udfy ]g uoht 4Cgu okH kd uht udfy ]g uoht a s s , s s , 4g krLi Cgu Bk[nf hH Nd jkv d ;e ;kolf kr g krdk> e uoht d , \ q , s q 1 s wa a X s ;ue jkv g krkv Fkg hg jkd/v yod kr g krtk[ kd kekv hd ;ue Te q , , a s s wa s s q 2g gj T s ht ld eg hH ntokc d cM hu? hurb jkv kruhgFv hurb ]krUiofekv s , w s , Z hurb df g e Z;pkv e `g k;x kg k;D g; skd ;ue `g k;x kg k;D g; wa X T , s q , s
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d ;nrv jkeg lm ]g krdl kt kuhN skt 4g hry hg uhN lm kr ;e Ar Z a s s , , s s s q 1 rv 4g krdl kg Iu k; krdl uNf go <{ hH hldf dfk;D ]g Cgu k{jql a , s X , Bkd hH hdlm ]g krkg eyke hH kvg kyef kt e k'nf hd rhxl kc ]jGf s , s w q s X a 4g Cgu nH hH Bkd eum ji yr lm 4g krkg hg ukel okHv k , s s X , s d k;jfk[Hf jkv kIkel Syflb 4kF Zoi d uki kurtf g krgj hg kurm go X , X z w s s , ]g krkg rhri kt ji suki hH jGf ]y ki hH Nd eg gkp df g Z;pkv kld , s z s X q s , , 94g jin k<r83g kgd u 0c , w q 1 , s q 4g krgj kuc hg rDjf jrhH rDf; , hH jdkg cl jgkc jkv ]g krkg Cgu rhri kl7k;ki hH Nd hH jdki cl s , , s z q Syflb 4g krkg Cgu okjH kdlm l ;tof hH hldf hd jgkc kr ]g djfrkv , s s s , a okHv 2hxdl jH ld kd okHv d jrhH Rfil hH Bkd hd jgkc dfk;D ]g s s , s s a s X , hrdl ky Cgu okHv kd kokHv /fyim hH Bkd hd jgkc hg ;puf 4g kr X s , gj kr>el Sknil hg kd kvkniof go ]g krtk[ Cgu kt kd knil hd iWo a a s X , s s s a 4g hruc "krl hg /fyim <i hdlm jkv g ;l hg iWo 4g krdl , s a Z w , , , kg r<jfi e kr_ro jkv nukv e lkdof Z<i uiv hg iWo dfk;D 6g hH i s X a , a X w s X , Wo drfa;kv kjkeg Cgo ]g kuekd ejp kt hjkeg 4g krdl kv Cgu hH jd , s , q v elm ]kg kiNf u {1o e thc ltf ]dfk;D 6Sgfkp hukg rli e d;i Xe a X s X X s q z X s z iWthc go ]g k{kdkv eji kt hg ;puf 4g nukv rDfe jkv g {ke nukv , a s , a q , , s a 4g 'soi e rDfeeji Cgo ]g Cgu kgt okHv 4g kr_rji jkv g ke , z X q , a , a , , hl ] g u/c Cgo ]g okHv hH Bkd kgt dfk;D ]hH rDfe ]g hH kr_ro go , a , s a X q , a jkv g naukv hg okHv <i kd okHv 4g hrgkp okHv kd kokHv cl kekv , , Z w , X 4g okHv kgo dfk;D g [An kgo ]g gkp kgt 4g , a X , q a , a , krdl kv ekJof kd kgkp hHl hHr dfk;D ]naukv <i3g hrgkp nukv kekv X X Z w , a 4g hg ukel hH gkp drf;kv hdum jkv g ukel ;n7ouke hHl df , a , T g krki j,kv g krNi l kxky kjktg hH jkv ]g kgj Ni Cgu hg likv e g; wa wa w s X s X , wa w s T `g krOm Cgu , hH e kvkekjrv hdikv jRm hg kje k;D 94krkt gj Cgu kd uki jkv Nd X X a s s s , q jGf jdki ltf g krgkp kuki lm83kxgd e kr Ni l>e ikv nf; 4Xn uN s wa s wa T s X w s q s w s q s i >e kr ]Cgu nf; `g Ni ui ; likv uiv uikv hHd k;D `g k;D 'ky T s w z s s s s , r hd klko dikv `g k;D lk; hd k<ki dikv `g krgkp k;D ;n kdikv X s , X z s , 4g , /fyim hd naukv "krl ]g okHv kd Id k/ofl 4g nsH rgc e "krl jkv s a , q , q X s a , k/ofl hg ;puf jkv ]g hrdl sn hg k/ofl yod kr Sro dfk;D ]g krki q , T q s s a q X , Cgu hH Nd jkv d "krlv Arrv go g krpkl Ifrl hg e kvro _ke kt q , s s a a , s q a X X q s `g jrhH d ikv lk; hH hd lkdof d kurp df k; ]g rgk , s s s T s p kukg Irl hg l gzxl d kvro ikv k;D df g krgkp kuNi hg l ikv Te s q a s a s X q wa w s
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`kxdl ki k;D go Arrv kr sLi yd s a s \ uf kd sutk[ lm [n kd ccVrfi d nkp e huki d yh> ;ue Bkd nf; hg s s s s s z s a X s q s ;puf 4g krxy Cgu Fkg gm hH Nd jkv d "krlv jkv rfrv Arrv jk , X q , s s a , 1 a , v g rn kox kd uoht xky d/fv hg e eH jkv lkHkv lb 4g bkNji jkv T s s a s s X z , , , k;kN ]g _ke7lkHkv kd naukv [l dfct g ry >el nukv hg kd [l eg , q T s s a s q 94g hrkt Ief kd k , s nl lk; l suhi ltf ]n gr huki kd aSd lm e ]kvkv8 A g upo kd Ibk s s wa X q q T s , 4kg hrkt Pc hH jk s \ , v lk; lltf ]g Cgu yt ]yt go hg ;puf 2Cgu nukv ]g lkHkv k;ef k s , a , d nukv go ]g krjd rLfhi ;H kd uk[ dltf jdki ltf ]g hrkg yci jk a , \ s s s s , s z , v k<r l uki dltf ]g hrPc jkv tk[ l uyef dltf 4g hrkt kg nc tk 1 s s s , \ , s s s s , s a s [ cl hd naukv jGf hg ryef d nukv dfk;D ]g Cgu nukv 9nukv8 go 4g s s a X , a a , krkt kgd 9nukv8 Ar<jk/kl ltf kuy >el re kekv kd nukv lm ]udfy a s s s a s 4g nukv , a hgo l Ifn hd rfHuv ]g kekv kt l Ifn hd kRl 4g eku d ;l hg d s 1 w q , s s 1 T s S Xkukn so 4g nukv hg kekv Arro ]g Cgu /cl Bkd l nukv kd kekv 4 s , a q , a a s s a g hg iWo kdlm ujo ]Cgu <x Bkd kdlm go ]g nukv hg iWo kd kekv , q s , a 4g rkt Cgu hg Ski ji uLe jrhH T s s q\ sd Ifn hg so ]g rIef Cgu jdki Nd okHv kt Syflb 4g kukg jgkc kd I 1 T s q s , s fn hd ;o ujo ]Cgu kukg kd /fyim hldf hd jgkc <jkd ye kd kokHv 1 a s w X 4g jrhH kt g jH7aSk;kN hd Rfil dofrko lm hH , s T a l3k{jl ]rDf' ]Rfil hd jgkc 4g nH rgc e ukg d Rfil jkv e Rfial q a , s q X s s s a , X `g hIef kruhn jkv krjfn hdikv hH kjt llm k;D ]g N , , s , qd kt lki dikv `g Cgu rpfjfi ikv l krjfn hdum k;D ]g Nd cl lki s s T s , q sdutf 4g krkt k[n Cgu rIef lm hH ji ukt yef d kcl um dfk;D ]g , s s s s s X X , Cgu <jkd d ukg u d knil k; rDf' ]ro hldf go ]g okHv kt e uoht s s s s a q , s X 4g hrki Om Cgu Ifn e k'nf dofrko hd u , 1 X s kIef kd okHv <jkd dlm dfk;D ]g kjc hH l okHv <jeof rfkH lb kd s s X , q s a okHv jkv g rki kg Cgu uZ'n d rfFf dofrko hd uoht e krdnke hd , T s s s X lm 4g kgd ne kd Rfil hg Syflb 4g krdl gj jH kyH gm rDf; knk; , s a , w X l knk; e ulkokv k;ef dum 4g krIef ;H u ]g hrIef k{jlv u ]g s X s , , q , krIef okHv u l k;rDf' jkv kvk/ofl ]Rfil kc df y >el l dhO g; s X , X q a X s 4g hrkg hu , s jd k{jl hdlm hg eg Im 4g rtk[ Syf d k{jl lm eg dfkykg ]g hrsn q X s T s s s q s a , Cgu k{jl Rfil hg Syflb 2k;D hg ;pkv kr kg rki uke u kuiv hH hH q a Z s X s
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f Cgu hg xk;im kd k[kv huiv hHd sulm ]g k[n Cgu jrhH d a;o ultf s X a , s s s 4g rgj suc /v 'kd/fv hH Sg rkg d k[kv udfy ]g lki dcl kr [kv T s s a a q s s s X a s T s s X a 4kg rjd xk;im kd k[kv e uoht kt g xky ed rgc 4Tg Cg X s s X a X s T s q u hg r[n eg dfc g r[n kyFm jkv ky// yod u eg df kgd ue Syf s s T s s , qa s s T lb 4g krLi Cgu hg Bk[nf eg Zxke Bkd jkv rDjfrfv dlm n;k' dfXk;D ` , \ X s , s X k;D 4g rkt jGf7jGf jkv hlm ]k;ki Cgu hH Nd jkv rDjfrfv d [Aqn akgt T s s q , s 4g rkg T s s dqp ys> kd nklov jkv kLhi ][An hH jdkt e oi jkc rgc ji utf ]g srk s s , \ q X Z w q T t yp jkc7jkc ji krkj Cgm jldv eg 4g Cgu hg hr[n o kr Ar'kd/fv s X T s s s a . ujo g hr[n kyFm [kv hjkeg yod u ji 4g krkt kg Idi e rv hgo k T s X a s , s z X a F Idiv kt e Hjkv 4g lkdof hg kd Hjkv kr rav 4kg kgj u rFfim hg z s X a , a s s l Hjkv go ]kg Idi e rv kt df g oHlv g; 4g rki kg e rav u'n d s a s z X a s , a T s s X Z s lm ]F ukg e Hjki u'n dltf Syfhlb ]g hrkg Cgu hjgx [kv lki jkeg s s s X a z Z s T s X a s 4g krkg klo hH , s , e Hjkv Arro go ]g kl,t e rv kt jkv g krkt kg r<jfi e [An Xe rv X a q , X a s , , s X q a Ar;koufv [l d;i 4ky ukt kNhi kd [l hH hldf lm ]g kgj gd kt Te Z q s z s q s wa s 4g [An Arro [l Syflb ]g nukv nukv 2g , q q q , a a , krkg eyke jgkc [l Syflb ]g jrhH kr nukv ]g ccVrfi kd nukv go df s w q , s a , z a X , k;D g [An Arye e uiv go 4g hH [l hg klS 4g e kgt g rhjiof sl gx q w X s , q s wa T a , t lm dhO go g kgj Li Bk[nf e kgt e <in kr Mkt kg kL[ uekl d < wa \ T a X Z s a s \ s s in dS e 4g ruc e k'nf h/kjof hg knl ccVrfi df n kynf <je hH g; Z T T s X s z wa `g krd , l kg Nd k;D e he hje hH kr y Ldi kd k;kN hdikv nf; ]jGf jkv ` s q X q s s wa \ s , g krdl ki ld kdikv e hH jdLdi kd k;kN hdikv dfk;D 6d [An jkv n wa s , s T \ s X s q , k"of ]kryGlv ;kolf ]g kryef Cgu hH Nd ji ukt Nhi dlm udfy 4g k , q s s s s , ;kN hd nukv go dfk;D ]g krsn <Z"dkv jkv ulkokv kd nukv ][l d;zi a X , , a q s 4g krkt k;ki el , X m hg UHf ydcf llm ]g krLi Bk[nf elm kt Arro 4g ukel d ywe hg q s , \ X s q , s e iW kc uiv yod ccVrfi k; bkNji Bkd dfk;D ]g hH dofkHko hg; X s s z s X , `g hrkv y ji Ir d [An Arrv t , s s q a k[ hd [l df g Cgu hgkox hd ;l lb oHquv7uoht kd ;o kdikv k;D ` s q , a g hrLi Cgu Bk[nf kdikv Bkpl hdlm g kgj gd e kt k;D 4g krkg hg [ , \ s wa T s , s An ]Cgu [l go g kryef kt rtk[7rtk[ kd [l 4g rkt yduf jn sl nuk q q , s s s s s s q T s w a v rDf; hg lsS e tk[ hd [l 4kxSkt kryduf jn l nkp dofrko go kn s X s q w s a k; hg kurm hxSkcL e Bkjgx hd yh> knk; kurtf lm tk[ hdlm Arro q X s s q
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`g krdrfkv hg k'nokH hd k'kv df gd e k;D , wa T 4g hrjd ;fl kd kurp ;fuf hdlm jkv g hrkxt kd k;rDf' Bkl hd , s s , , s X s lm kt g k<ji hg k'kv 4g krkt sy ji k_k; hd rkKv kd ;ue hg <"dk s , zs , s q Z v kd k'kv 4krLi Cgu nH Bkd l ukg d kekeji kr kg u k'kv nf; jkv \ s s s s s s s s , g Cgu uOfd kuy ki kd kekeji kr kg k'kv dfk;D ]kukt je kd k'kv df , s s s s X kurtf g Cgu n[An kurm jkpkel g; 94g k;x je kekeji83g kgd u slhu , q , , s 2g Sg cL e k'kjuf hHl kr tkv jkv T q s w X s , 4g krkt cL e k'kjuf kt g ;ue go hg klS ]Skt g , w X s , q s j kLi jdkg dS hg Fkl d hef jkv g kukg k;D lm df Skt yH lt thc \ s s , , s s w s , 4g krdl , kg go kt jkv ]g go kt g krn jd reof lm jkv ]g krkt kl rfi d r s s , , s , s 1 s , , s z s Df' Ikjof rgfurv huiv go ]g krkt kg 'kjuf kt 4g hrkt kg dS l jkd . a , s s , s s /v go3`k'kjuf jkv ]g hr[n jkv hd ;l rfkH hd kyG d h[eZ;l k'kv a , , s s Z w a X w s q w 4g Hjki k , a z d ujrm e k;Ifk? hd q;e k'kjuf dfk;D ]Skt jH l k<Qd jkv kLhi ]ei s X X 1 X s , \ zs ;n kje df g hg dofkHko kr g kr[n k'kjuf e e k[kv hjkgr ct jkv s , s wa s T X X a q , 4g k;kN7/"uf hg hdlm go 4g ygi kjln hg kd ukt u ji kroi ]kukt , s , w w s X Z e k;Ifk? 4g Cgu dek;/of k;fi hd uri 4kxkg k;nf jd nc kuOm jkv X X , s z s a s hd kj['f roi ulm df g krukt kr g kr[n rkt e uri kd hldf ct Te X Z s wa s wa s s X s 4g krkt k;nf yd/ Nhi go ]krPc Cgu xk , s s \ s v kt j,kv ]g krkt jxf phu go ]krOm Cgu jiM kt df g e;uf rok' g; s , s s , 4g rkt Pc jkv hd ;e hg lk;kuv <jp dlm ]g Cgu T s \ s q 1 s , uyal e uki kd uoht jrOJ kt dfk;D g hH rk?ekv ]Cgu hg iki k'kjuf X s s s s X , 4g krn k[ uexoM hg ;puf e kjk/ hdlm uoht dfk;D ]g iki k'kjuf , s s Z X X , 4g ;que ;que <jkd dutf ]Tg hrkt skl SklhHv hjkl o j , s a s , , kv g hrkt >c ufv go hd ;n cr ]g hrkg 'kjuf [kv ct df g Cgu r q T s X a , kK gr k;D j,kv `g e k[kv hjkgr k'kjuf hld g; `g kgj [n k;D g; Te X q , X X a q , wa s kxyef jkv kxke s , s a 4g jkv hd ;o l jkll k'nf hd , s a s a nukv 6g jkv hd jkll l ;o k'nf hd [l 4g krn jd Hjki kuyp e k'nf a , s a s a q , s a z X hd nukv rDf; go 4g gj kt Cgu e k'nf hd [l <jp dlm df g r[sn a T s X q s T s sjln ]g kr[n kd ;o kt jkv g hrkg l u[n hg kd a;o rkvW' hd Xk[kv w , s s a s , , s s s s s q a `kx[n k;D jkv go ]g kr[n Cgu hg kd ;o kt dfXk;D s s , , s s a s 6g k[n kd ;o ultf 9g kyko [kv e8 df g krdl gd hgo yod 4g k;d , s s a s wa a T , s ,
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4g _ro hg onl ]knl ]g jrh , a , , H jkeg kt go kF;v ]g rkt kg nd l kFkg hg uiv ]e kokH hg uiv eg s s T s s , s X s X X s 4g Cgu kRl Bkd hH Cgd hdum d yk;[ jk , s s s gqr ;kolf3Cgu hH g kr o dfk;D ]g hrkg Cgu e ujkrm gm hH hurm g h T s s X , s X s X , rkg kruOfd hurtf hH e ujkrm skd k_o 4g krkg Cgu uOfd kun jd xyv s X s X , s s jdjkrm kd kjkpof jkv kokH Pkv kjk} hg suiv 4xkvkt ki kd htd hd u s X , X s s\ s s s aq rojfi7ekv d ;o er kr kx[nf gr ;l g; ct jkv 4xXkg u'n gr d Z s a q s s X q , s Z X q s ;l lm g kgj gd e kt hg ;puf kr ktk[ e rfe ]k[n 4g hd kuokH wa T s s s s X 1 s s , hdlm jkv g kjkpof ]g kgkp jkc ruv hg suer kg hH kt er df gj <je , , , a q s s q s 4g krkt kg rHhu? e k;rfF , s w X X f jkv kvro Arrv hg uRokv rrl kdum jkv ~ ~ ~ jkpof3jkpof3jkpof , X q a Z , 4g krk/of7;kH kuiv hgo 4g sr , T jd utl kdlm okH hg dlm 4g krkt kg hg klo ]g krjd okH klt ;ue 1 s , s , , , q 4g Cgu jknetf Syf dlm Bkd jkv rDjfrfv jkgqr 4skvkt kg htkj kd , s s s , s s s udG lm er df dlb ;kolf g kujd Cgu hH Nd jkv Syf d udG slm 4k s X s q s , q , s s X s g Oc Pkv l kFkg hg uiv er lm 2kn dG kd k'kjuf jkv kOm3g krgd Te s , s s\ s X s q s s X s , s wa 4g krkg Cgu okHofkv kd rDf' dekutl hd rfkH hH hldf llm d , s Z 1 a s fk;D g hrk?ekv k'kjuf df kgd ue Syfhlb 4g krkg Cgu et kd hldf h X , s T , s H hHd elm jkv g >kc kr k'kjuf dfk;D krkg Cgu et kd ku/kl e k'kj X , , a s X s X uf 4Sgfkp ku/kl Syf d ujd r<jfi e ;l lm jkv g kuokHl dS uoht s s X s , , a 2g srkt kg rkel hg Xe T s okur d ;e jkv et kr so `xXukt ld lm o ]g j?f l k'kjuf kt ]qrdV s q 1 , s s s , s s T s s s 4g krki Om jiM d k[An jkv k;H y , s X q , X od hgo g krukt lm kt 4g rhrv hH d ;e jkv g oi hH d et uoht s , s s , s q 1 , , Z w s 4g Cgu hH ;e uoht Syflb jkv g Cgu et , q 1 , , uoht 4g hrki uhN Cgu ;e hH Bkd kd uoht udfy 4g krkt k;yf hH u , q 1 s s s , hN hg e ;e et Syflb 4g krkg kuki uoht ]g kryef et 4g Cgu uoht X q 1 , s , , hg et 2kdl pgi Cgu dr uoht go udfy kF kvg jWt kr et kjkgqr qa s q s ]Cgu hg Stf hHd er e ylv 2kg Sx je er df gd e df kn kKkv >qe q X s q wa T s s 2g wa Z Felv e sugd hH uoht lb e df g kvg k>c kurb uoht g; kjkgr hg X s T , q q q ;puf `ld sxkvht er kr kg u jkxv d k'kv 4kryef Cgu hH Nd jkv ;k s , s q s X s a s q , olf d [kj hd k'kjuf kgo kr g krtk[ e k<ki jkgr e `g kgd k'kv ji s a s wa s X X z s q T , a `g <ki jkv lm ye kd <gkjkv7uoht rel hg k'kv df3hH g; jkv , z , w s ,
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4g _ouf kekeji hg ;puf jkv g u/c _o , Z , T a cl 4kg ;o er kt k[n lm jkv kjd xyv kd k_o df g krgd e Syfl s a q s s s s , s s X wa T b 4Cgu hHd lrv ]g krdl uc hg _o yod hH go ]g Cgu okHo kt jkv . a , s , s , 4Cgu Iuof ]g krdl kg hg rnfkNkv yod okHo 4 , s s krkg Cgu Iu go g okHo kt dfk;D g rdl k[ Cgu hg ydcf gm eg hH s , s X T s s q X jGf 4g rdl ;ov k[ gm kr gkp eg ]kg 4g krkg kujd Cgu rtv gm T s s X s X a , s X 4g d T ofkHko <qx ; hg ;puf 4k0J3rkc hjlhr jkv ]klkKtf3rkc hjln ]k'kv3 s , w hxLi Bk[nf rkc hygi lcl 4sxLi Bk[nf eg _l7uoht l rgc kr ]g k;df s \ s X \ X w s q s , Cgu rof u kr;l jkv k{'f ]tkel hHv gtf [n kd kpc IkN eg nf; s , X X s s X s s 4g , re l k'kjuf go ]g re hH kt jkv g rofht sl k'kv go ]g rofht hH kt 1 s , 1 s , , , s `hH e krhx d k;{fi jkv hH e Xk[kv hd kv'i jkv3` X X s X , X a X q , T s g ryt ihn d k'kv e k[kv hd kpc IkN7IkN df g Cgu rkK g; k;D jkv s X X a X s s s s , , 4g rskg u'n s>e d k'kv hiNf e kIiy um T s Z q s X X hH cr g kr[n rOm jkv hd ;l kd ufv e ct ]jkv 4g krLi Bk[nf jk wa s s s Z w s T , , \ pl kd k'kv e k<ki dum >e kr g kr[n rLkn jkv hd jxkl kd k;nfu Te a X X z s s q s wa s s ,\ s s X `g oHl kucf d k'kv k;D k_k; jkv hd ke , a s s keji hd Fkni jkv `g hrdl kg ld e okHv d k'kv klhHv Syf d <i Z , , s s , X s s Z w kd <iv 4g krgkp kukg <i jkv rlfdof go g hH kt jkv g rgkp kukg r s Z w , s Z w , , s , T s s jfdv <kzi hHl 4g lkokv kd k'kv ji d Fjrav hldf d k<ki dlm Cgd q a , X s X z s dfk;D ]g kriLr kd uuc jdv thc 4Skt gj u kuokHl Bkd hd <gkjkv X , \ s s q a a s s jkv rfx rrl jkv hd lkdof7uoht kr kg u klS nf; dfk;D `k;D3g okHo , s s s s X X , k'kv df g kgj gd e 4okHofkv defkv k'kv3g <jokv dlfuke k'kjuf wa T Z , 4g iWo ]g okHo k'kv 4g k'n rifkjkv ;o k'kjuf , , , s a 4g k'kv eku h , g kdlm ]g krsy j? kd kurp dkykv kt hg rkg rLf[ d k'kjuf jGf ]jkv , s s s s s s s a s , 4g rkt II uo hg rxkt d idl hg lo ]g krkt II jkd/v hg ryt d T s w s s a s , , w a s s Shn l,t 4hxSkt II o hg l _ke7idl d suLkr gm 4g _ke7kRl7uo kR s a w s s a s s\ X , l hdum 4g kgj gd kd uLkr e hg Syfhlb ]g krdl kt kLkr gm 2kn Lk wa s s s\ T , s\ X s s\ r kd kjhtat ub hd k'kjuf 4g hrsy /kc hH kd kekv kr k'kjuf ]g hr/kc s X , a s s T a hg kd jhj' _ke kr jhtat hd gky dfk;D ]g Cgu hH jhtt rcte l k'kjuf s s X s s X T X a w s 4g hrsn k[ hg kd k{kdkv hd ukg rDe , s s a s s q kr k'kjuf udfy ]g oHl kuLkr kd kjkohn 4g hrjd k'kjuf go ]Crdl jd s s , a s\ s X , Cgu kt jkohn hd kjFi dfXk;D 2Cgu3`g nd Bkd jkv hLc l k'kjuf k;D s X X , , s , \ s
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krkg Cgu ku? kurb hHd kj/v 4g k;x uc k/kc e ukyt d 'kdi df g ku s s a , X s s z , ? kurb kj/v df gd Bkd df lt kxkg hg klo kr go 4g oHlv kukg klo s a s s s , s , s , a s , 2okt uc k/kc e Zxke d kekeji df g hrdl kg C X X s T s gu hH hHd ydrfi hurb so ]kg ydrfi hg hurdf k;rfFfjfi 4g krkt uc w z X w z a , /kjov hylv hg kukgc go ]Cgu k;rfFfjfi 4kuy re kukgc kd k;rfFfjfi s a s X 4F j?f l k;rfFfjfi hg hlS hHd hH o ]Om jkv h s s s X s s s s d kekeji kt df ku[j e uk; udfsy 4g hrdskj l uOm jkv hd kekeji s X T s s s jkv g ydrfi kt ]kg j?f hg jrjuf e k;rfFfjfi hlS er df g krukt Te , T w z s s s a X X s q wa 4g kruc /fyim erfv Arrv hg eFi ]dfk;D 4Sgfkp h , a a z X ukg xke hjkgr hg hdlm hg l Hjki ]sxkgkp kukg er Arrav kt go 4kxke k s a q s a z s s q s s a s d kekeji kr g hg kuxke nf; cr ]g hrkuc { kd kurp ]k{kdkv hd q{ s , a , q s s a 4g hrkg hH Bkjgx hd rDf' hjkgr hg hurm ]g hrkg BkpaM hd , s q , s klhHv hjkgr hurtf 4hxaSkt xkt k;rDf' Bg Bkl e k<ki jgx l jgx jk q a q s X X z s s s s gr df kukt hg ;puf kr sxkvkt kg ryfknkv l k{akdkv jkv k'kv hd uN q s s s s s a s , s w 'kdkv nf; hH er 4hxkg hrwN kd ykrki hg ;ov Lt hdum 2k[n kd k{ q X s X \ s s s X o srN kd 'kdkv 4g ek<jfi kd rDf' hjkgr hg BkpaM hd ;kl 4g hrxkt 1 w s , q T a k;rDf' Bkl hd ;o dr Bkjgx hg hurm ]kg kpM kurtf ;kl jkv idal s a s a , 4g krkg k;x jgO hg oi dlm ]kF krd , s Z w s l kg kt go dfk;D g krjd ukeiv kd ;o go ]g krdQ kt oi d kekeji s s X , a , s Z w s 4g kr<i hg e kekeji dfk;D ]Cgu ekJ , Z w X X of ejp Bkd jkv rDjfrfv d kekeji df kn ugd 4kn ugd kd kekv xe s , s s s s s s z l huiv lb 4g Cgu ;rax Bkd jkv rDjfrfv d kekeji jkv oi d kekej s , s , s , Z w s i 4g hrkt kg yH hd su>el ;rax 'ookHi hg kd kyF d ekJof e jklal , s w z s X s X 4g krkg Uim ; , s ykv jkv nkei hg llm 4g kvg hg kuc jrhH jkgr Cgd u Cgd "of kd k' , z s , q s q kjuf df kuukt kr dQ hH Cgd <jp jkgr nf; oi d /fyim hd kekeji s X s q Z w s 4g rdl kt T s sLkN _o jln hg nkc dlm dfk;D sxkg uLs\kN ygi lcl _o d k'kjuf jkv s\ s w s X X s s s s , 4g d;okv kukt kg uu LkN , s s\ kd k_o cl3kd sukg rOfrfi e iWo ]kd suukt kd a;o ]kd uki kd ;l s X s s z X s s s s s 4g k;df kjk'b u , s jhokge jkv hdltf ]g krkg /yim kd kruu "knuf lm hgo g krLkN kt s , s s , s\ s gm 4g u/c jkgr aSky[J gky hd kvkuokH dek/"uf ]Cgu xk/ jkted X T a s q 1a , X s s s d lkid 4F e lkid3F e k_o so kt g rgj uc hgo hH jGf jkv g rkt s s X s X X s T s s , T s kg _Zouf rDf; l rgc kr jdLkN gm 4g ruc l kxk/ d lkid kt ]g kg s s q s s\ X T s s X s s wa j jd Cgu rkc hd k_o um e `kvkt kg _ouf hH er df kg u kNv k;D X T s s Z q s
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4g krLi Cgu Bkul hH Cgd rhxl go ]gd rfl eg sl , \ q a X a tf 4g hgj Li Bkul ak;uforfzi hjlsc hdlm dr /fjfi xel hd hoi jdy T \ q q z 1 s sl jkojfi ]g Sx yG dr Ifel l rDf; ek<jfi d uI?of jkv rfof lb T , s s , 4g gj ht e rfof ]Cgu e rfal T s X X eg jkv g Sx kg Iu l,t ;ku7uoht ;koufv rgc Bskd 4g k;x II jk/kv , T s s q Z q , w Bkd jrhH dlm ]g kgj [n rkt jkv hd rfof l rfof tkj kd ;ue Te s s wa s s s s s s q , q z g Hi hg ezsi b22 2g gj kj jkv g Sdf nc [kv jkv g L[ hg ji j T s s , T a a , T s \ k} d Hi kt ji kxky um g ;pkv jkv g rkI[I[ jk} skt xky o g ;/ s q z s X s , Z , T s s s T 4kxSkt kgd hH nkc je hgo ]kF k;x kgd ygi d Ibk hgo 4g krgd Auqi s s s s wa e hgo 94sxaSkt y[ jk} jkv kvkI[I[ 4kxyef jkv kxke8 ]g kgd u Ibk T q , s s , s a , s `hF lk; hdltf ]g Cgu ;if , z go hg; k;D ]hF tk[ hdltf g Cgu Z;l go hg; k;D `g kL[ uekl ukd g s , w , \ s , o ]k[n jkv kvkIg kd k'kjuf 4g hjln rkc g; ]g ry jd nc [kv hg hui s s , s s , w T s s a a v e k'kjuf hg huiv eg 4g Cgu hg nc hHd jk} kd /fyim hd Hi Arro X , a q z q 4g k{ , hji df ku>el kr kg kryGlv ji Zxke d Hi jkv g eH df ku>el kr skg s s s q z , , z s kryGl ji xke d iki 2oHlv kryGlv ji Zxke d Hi jkv oHlv kryG Z s a s q z , a l ji xke d iki 4Cgu hg g kryGlv ji Zxke d Hi dfk;D ]g krIky Cgu Z s , s q z X , , yGlv hH hHd go ]g krkI[I[ jk} kd kRl hd ;o ]l kuFki jkv ezsi ]sl , a s Z z , idl jkv rDf' ]l ulkokv jkv k'kv ]l ;n xel kt df ku[j <je a , s , s z s 4g krkt uc dkykv jkd/v jkv g hrkt kg r<jfi e k'kv k'k , s a , , s X juf hg rOm [akv jkv hdlm 4kvky kd rfe hdlm `kg er kt jkv kg sL[ s X s s s 1 s q s , s \ er ji ltf ]g hrLi h;k[nf Cgu gr ukp xLfv jkv rk' go k;D 4kg g q , \ X q , a s s j kjFjF Fkl d kjgy jkv kg gj ikd Fkl d k;/fkv kr er udfy 4kjgO s X , s s a s X a s q s s ji lm jkv kLdi kd ncV o/ lm 4g rrojfiv hgo lc3g krkt ync cl , s \ s q zq , , 2kg ;o e iWo dof s a X rko suiv er go ]g kekv hjkgr go ]g kurp hjkgr go3`g ukd go3g q , q , s q , , , jFf gjr hd ukp xLfv hH e kjk/ hd hnu kt kn uk; ji lm ]k[n kd X s s s s s lm 4g rfkH hd hnu kr gkoi kd k;rfFfjfi `k;D hg ;e kdlm ]g uroj , a s z X w T Z fi yi7yi eltf 4kxkg Cgu yd jkv g tkv kt ]kn re hHd ;e rgc slm X s , , s s w q 4g Cgu k/kc Bkd jkv rDjfrf , s , v jkgr Arro 4g Cgu k/kc Bkd jkv rDjfrfv d k'kjuf hjkgr 4dl uc s q q , s , s q X k/kc e uexkv d 'kdi o df g hrkg ydrfi hurb k;rfFfjfi hg u jkv X s z s T s w z a ,
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4g hd ei , zs <jdf go ]g hrkv l jki d ue j,kv jhj' <jdf kt ji hoi lb hg ;puf , s s s 1 2g 9H , q i hg ei83kF kgd ue jkv hF Bx kv hlg rgc >e jd[n kd u>ym hdu z zs s T , a q s q s s m rdV hF hg dofkHko hH k{iv hdum 49kekeji k; kekv83kxgd e df q s wa T kxkg kpkl ukgm 4F dkp _ef sykosuNi kr 29ei83kF kgd ue 4g kl7ukd n s s s X s s T w s zs s T , , ' uko;e lcl e k"kH hd ;ue3kF kNi u hldf kgo 4kF e k_k; dS Te w s X q w s a X 4g Cgu uoht Bkd jkv rDjfrfv d ei jkv g uoht hg ezsi , s , s zs , , 4g Cgu rofht ikv df >el kr ]g Bx T X s T s kg ;' e ;n XudL/ hdlm jkv g Cgu e rDj dikv gkoi go nf; `g k w X \ , , X s z , rkg oHuv kdikv gkoi kd rDf' hd ei jrhH uiv jkv g rofht ikv k;D s q s z zs s , T `g krLi Cgu Bk[nf skdikv ;l kdlm ]g kgj gd e kt k;D , \ wa T s 4g Sx k T s g nqe ht7rht eg jkv g Cgu UHf l sukg e kcd huiv kukg nc e uiv g; s , , s s X Xz s a X s 4g nc e uiv cl eg 4g kvg hg klsS tkv 4g rl u ]g jk} Bkd u dr T a X s , q , q s , s jln lltf ]g q<v nc e ;o d;i e okHv d ei 4g kydv hg ;puf s w s , a X a s z X s zs , s kucf d ei go 4g krjd oHuv hcutv jkv kydv kd uiv ;ue kd tkv s zs , q , s s s q 4g rkt kg ydv jkv eFi l kRl eg e okHv d ei ]g krLkt T s s s s , z s X s zs , s\ s z l xel eg ei 4g rkt kg UNfof /cl dlm l uoht rdV g krht go d X zs T s s a a s s q , fk;D ]g Cgu kjlwn e uoht d ;ue ;kHn jkv kuI?n hLc l okHv d ezsi X , X s q Z q , Z q \ s s 4g gj dL/ T s \ hg LGG yod jkv g Cgu ;n e kudL/ hd ;n jkeg 4g rLfhi l okHv s \ s s , , X X \ s T \ s d ei eg 4kukt [l kd rk_7ezsi e ;n d ;ue3g xkj go df kxgkp k s zs w s X s q , s wa ugd e hH jGf 4g Cgu uklkv kusn eku lm `n eku k;D e kd xskj ywe lm T , s wa T s 4g krkt xy e 'kuof jkv rk?ekv go hHr ]g krkg rlfx l xkj , X , , s z s s ye lb hH ct ;ue 4g ek<jfi hg d xkj ye dS lm xkj "' 4g xkj hg w q T s s w s s , s o e Lt hd kxkj jkl "' e Ifn hje jkv ]g krgkp kujd kjk'b jkv hd X \ X s s s X 1 s , wa s xkj dS hH e 4g rkt Skuxf xkj l7rgc `g rLfhi l xkj ldf hnl hjkeg s T T s s s q , \ s s 4g krkg dekl rgc ;ko k; xkj kdlm , s a q s Syflb jkv g Bg hyG dr Ifel L\t hdlm ]g Cgu hg rDf; endS ]g kr , T q , X , , kg ewyke rDf; skt ];que 4g hrjd Uim uyknkv e yFrav d kr;ue hj s T s a X s q kl hH jgy hd rfof k; rfl Bg hOm e Rpf d ;ue hg lo ]g rkt y X a q X s q s , T s G dr kjkudf7yd jn Ro7jgy l ujxf d jFi gxt dS e yh> lt jGf , X w w 1 s s s X s , 4g Cgu |ko Bkd kjlsc sll , s q m kF;v 4g krdl kg hH rhxl go kr kg rFfo;l jkr d lrv d ;ue , s a s X q s a s q
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jk} jGf sulm 4kIky ji jk} hlm Aui go nkc kunf rgc 94g Cgu ukF d; , q X q , ky sd kn e j? lb83kLi Bkul lm e jRq;i 49hei kjkgr g e8 kgd ulm s X \ q s X z zs q wa T s 9`g ukd8 ]k;x kNwi l jrhH 4k;kI[I[ kd jk} d hl;i huiv u hei dS , , s s s zs s zs 4g uoht dek/ , uoht klS 4g e >e go jkv g elm e 4g Cgu ;v jkv dFi l kRlol Te s , X q , wa X T wa , . 1 s Z df g ek<jfi kd /kc lb ezsi 4g krkg ryfG ei e ek<jfi kr ykP Xe xk; , s , s zs X s wa s gl jkv jkdho d ol ujo ]Cgu e /kjof d Zol kd uoht uiv e nf; jkv , s Z X s s s s T , 4,g ; }v jkv dS kRl 4krLi Cgu nH Bkd l keku 4jkdi l eku hldf eg kr Xgk , \ s s s X X q s s p lm 4g e d hlm rknfkv kd k<ki dcl 4g Cgu dFi ukokRl Bkd sl s , X X s X z s , . 1 s kRl7oof 4g Cgu UHf l sukg d kjgy ji jxkl kukg kjkeg Arro dfk;D 4 , s s s X s q X g hH ;lv go 4g uoht dek/v hg uoht klS 4kxkg ryfG eiv e ek<j , , s s zs X fi kr ykP kd uoht uiv jduke h/kjof jkv dFi kd a;o e kRl hdcl Te s wa s s s , . 1 s X 4g krdl ki k , s d kyG d rev jdkxt e a;o kd ei kr gkp go jkv g krkt kg /yim k X w s 1 X s zs s s , , s s d kyG d "of kr jd r"fkijfi l eiv jkv k<? nf; kd Rpf d a;o go X w s s s s s zs , 1 s s 4g kuokHl hd uxy yG d kukn rev jkv "of Xelm 4g k/ki rHnv ;ue , a s w s X s 1 , , , q . q 4g krkg xo go ]g krkg kgt rDf; klo 4g kukt xo , s Z , s a , , Z s T ue hg kukt kg rjfijfi l ei ]kd lko7lko 4g e dju kFkg uiv rDf; s w s zs , X X s klo 4g uhn go ]g Cgu ei jrhH dltf 4g krjfn hLc lcl okHv kd ezsi , , , zs s , \ s 92Cgu hg g eer go df kg rgd kr er udfy 4kF krdl kt k;kt y jkv , X q s s s q s s s hd Hi jd 0q'jfi lm kr krkg jrhH jkgr ei 4g krdl jd Cgu hH Nd q z s s s s q zs wa q Syf jkgr e 4g Felv e jGf83kF kgd llm kg h[An u tukekj jduql g s q T wa Z T s s q s q ; 94g krgkp kuki kd Hi kr e 4g Cgu ei l hldf kr kje ]Cgu83kF kyskc wa s q z s T , zs s s s go 9`kg rjd ei kd hldf er k;D ]_ef8 ]kF kNi llm ukgm 4hF hd ku s s zs s q w s s X Z z Fki hd ukt Sdf r{fhn e uoht7e/ u rDf; hldf l tukekj ;kpkv df g s X Z s s q Z , kul ue 4g krkt kg r<jfi e 'soi7Hi Arrv hg kr<i jkv lkdof kd ezsi q s T , s X z q z a Z w , 4hH hd sukg ezsi s ]g rkc hg hd uukt ;l 4g e ei kt ]g Cgu krIduf go e ;l 4g Cgu , s , X zs s , X , X e ;l go ]g ;nkl jkv rhxl ]krraoht kt ]lj kt e ei 4g kugd ei sl , Z T , a s s X zs , zs m jdrfhi knk; hH l sugd ;l kd Hi 4g krkt kpgi dr dky rdfkykv z s s q z , qa s s sd Hi hg jkgl d <jdf7k'kv hd ei 4g qHi hg ei df g krgd e Syflb q z s s zs , z zs wa T 4g krki uoht jkv et hg l ei cl go ]g jn , , s zs , aq , l jkv OJ kt e uoht ;houke 4g rjfiquv hg llm e/ kjkl ];kd kjkl s s X , zs s Z ]uZ'n kjkl kd ;que 4g ;hr}fv go 4g kuI? oFkiv hg hydv e jklal ezsi , , s X
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ei jkv ;H ]rfhu zs ,

2g krjd r_fekv kd hHl Syf d rDfe eji lm Te wa a s s q 4g <kouf hHr3g {ke hHr ]g hryt e/uf kg rDe Sq/ d h;"of jkv ;" , Z , s , wZ s q a s , of ct rfk; hd ei 4Skt gj u "' hg ei yod jkv Skt Ief u ;if jkv s zs s zs s , a z , hei df dr ct dr <{ lm3kxkg ku/kl ei gm g lk; kt Syf d ;l zs s zs X T s s s 4g ; , l Cgo ]g 9ji8 u ]g 9o8 u kgt jkv g <erfv kd 9ji8 jkv 9o8 e ezsi , , a , , , X 4g e k/cl kr uoht ]g e krdjfijki skr uoht dfk;D ]g q;e def , X X a a s , X X , 1 g; 4krkt gj Cgu rl Bkd kdlm l 9ji8 jkv g krkt gj 9o8 go 4g kr q s s s , , , kg Cgu jkojfi Bkd kdlm 4g krkt gj e krtuf Iiuf ;ue e okHv d ezsi s s , X q X s 4g krkt kg Hi hgo kr ]g krkt gj Cgu hH Nd jgkc d jkojfi lm ct , s q z s , q s jGf 4g krkt krkg kLc jkojfi l lkdof d ei jkv g kruc jkojfi sl ezsi , s \ s s zs , , 4g Cgu jk/kv , Bkd kd erfv e okHv d eFi df gj <je jkv 4g hPhl eFi g; 4g jk s a X s z s , , \ z , ojfi ei df Xn ugd hH g; cv 4g ;l erfv g; 49g Hi hg ei83kgd uTe zs s , a , q z zs s 4g hg e ei yod kr rDf , X zs s s qe llm 4krkg Cgu rDe l ekd Bkd hHd l uen d ekd 4Sgfkp kujd rlf s s q s s s s dof kd ezsi lm ]g kukg rDe ltf l ekd 4g ;pc hg eku kd uoht slS s s , s q s s , Z z s sd ei 4g hrkt kg ryfG hg lk;kuv kr;'ekd skr ]g krkg <i ei ct Sy zs , s w , s Z w zs flb jkv ]g <jdoM dekutl hg kd rDf' lm ei 4g krkt kg e ei u , , 1 zs , s X zs rojfil kdlm ]g hrkg Idi e ekd kt ktM go 4g krkg uhyof hg kurm e Z a , s z X s Z , s kd ]g krkg rlfdof kurtf ei Arro 4g jiM rgc jkv UHf rgc llm e , s zs q , q , q s k;kv kd ei 4g hrkyp jkik; kuiv kd unkim7rfrl rfi l e;ke d_fk zs , a z s a ; sd ugkel lm 4g ugkel kd rfi go 4g eH jkv lkHkv kd ei ekd s , s z , z , zs 4g rkt gj rpfo l ei so ]g ry >el ei hg kd ekd kt 4g Cgu ekd ezsi T s a s zs T s s zs s s , 4g rDfH hg ei klo 4g krkt uc ei 9hgo8 , zs , , zs skr ]g krn LkN kd 9e8 suiv rfi d ol Bkd ct jkv g rgd 9ei8 lm e , s s\ s T z s Z s , T s zs s X dky kr g krn LkN kd 9e8 uiv Bkd nf; rfi d rDf; dS hldf 4g krkt s s , s s\ s T s s z s , kg jk;r kd suLkN kd 9e8 uiv kt g ry[ hg Syf dlm yod jk} d ezsi s , s s\ s T s s T s q s s s 4F Sx y[ Syf dlm jk} s q s nc o jkv 92g hg r83kgd ulm jkc lb `ukd df ui hgo jGf 4k;kI[I[ a s , , w s , z
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kg gkp hd rev kd tkel jkv xkg iNf e k;rDf; thc dlm kr kg "of s 1 s , s X s X X s s s X e tkel 4g krkt uc tkel hgo ]g krOm kt e ;n d k;rDf; rfkH lb , , s X s X a 4g gj jd ukn hg kd ;o eg e jkgo; ]e h< T s s a X X ko ]e jkpof 4g kgj phym kd a;o <{rfi d;i 4g krkt kg rk;jfi jgk X , s z s z , s c e k/clrv jkeg hgo ]g jrhH kt eg 4g <jpkv Arrav hg lrav 4Tg rki X X a a s T s , . s Xe lrv ltf ]g rIkc kd hlm eg e <jpkv 4g kruc <jpkv kr hg lrv . a s T s a s X , s . a 4g krxy uyG hH jgkc go k , s , s g kt jrhH 4g rxy ukg <hrof hH jgkc leg <kIhd hg dum ArokHo kr s T s s s Z s q s s kg krL\t jkv jkd/v ]kg ikrl ]kg [An ]kg rfk'v jrhH d ;o ct jGf s , a s a s q s a s a 4g hrkt kg r<jfi e kekeji nkc , s X sdlm hgo ]hF hrkg rhri rfi kt Zoi dlm 4g krkg Hjki uexoM hHr s z z s w s , s a z Z , g hrkv e oHquv ct rfk;7uoht Bg hrOm jiM l j? kdRfe d jhj' 4sr X s q s s s 1 s dl Om Cgu jiM l uoht7'i uoht dum ]g rki jd Cgu oHuv kd ;l h s q s T s q H hldf kt jrhH uiv kvg krjd <erfv kd jhj' jkv rDjfrfv d jhj' s s q s , s 4g 'i jrnc hH sl , q Xkvq'i go kr kg u go jkv ]g krkt kg ;nf go kr kg elm go 4hg kxkg < s s , , s s s X s Z ijkd/v Fi kdlm kr kg u go jkv ]g krkt uc dkykv ;n kd ;ue kr w a s s , , s q s kg ukK7ekv 4g [An hg ukKv7ekv 4krki kg Cgu nukv uoht e okHv d s , q s a X s ;pjfi lm jkv ]kvg Cgu ;pjfi kdlm hHv l kjk/ ruv nfkuv hd uoht , q s a 4g krukt Cgu kd , s uoht hH jdkg rofht go ]g krukt hg _ke jhj' kt kd a;o 4Cgu uoht s , s s ]g Lt jhj' jkv g _ke7jhj' yod eg e okHv lb 4g ry jd oHuv kd , \ , T s X T s s q s kekeji jrhH d ol j,kv d a;o kt ]g rkg /yim hg o yod kd uoht s Z s s T s s s s s 4g krki kg /yim kd k;ue ed rgc ;kHkl , s s X q q , kd uy ki kd uoht ]g rkc dS kuy ki et 4g rkt je jkv ]rki Cgu hH s s s , s T s , s ht eg 4g hrkt kg e ;e rfkeljfi hdltf g hjkehc hcy dS lc3Cgu u , s X q 1 , a oht g; hg ;puf 4ky[J hcay dS hd kvkLhi jkv h'kgc dS ]kNe dS3 1a X \ , s s Z w g krdl kt kgd lm hg uoAn dS lc ]Cgu uoht `gd ld uoht kd krd , s q X s , s tkjv ;'Fv ]rDjfnaukv `kxkg k;D hH uoht kgo3kg u nukv ]kg u rDf' w Z s a s a s ]kg u rhxl ]kg u rfk' kgt 4g krkg eyke Cgu kr hH uoht uoht kdlm s a s a a , s w s `g k;x kg k;D g; kd ;ue 4iki k;ki ]kF , s s q krtk[ kd Hi 4jkd/v k;ki ]kF krtk[ kd dkykv 4nk"of k;ki ]kF krtk[ s s q z a s s s s s kd nukv 2kyef kd su[n k;D jkv kF krgkp ku[n k;D 4g krHp rfkH hd a s s , s , q a X a X kIkd e ;n go ]g k[n eum kt 4g krkt kg h[An e hg rkv rfe hdum , s X s wa s q T s 1 4g kyef kdke s>e kd sudk> eutf jkv su[n gtf ]g krkv <je kd k[k , , q a X , s X , X a v jktg um s>e hg rjd jkpof e /cl d ;que `ykc k;D df g krpkl Te q s X a a s wa s wa s
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94okt kg Iu Sk/kc hd Zxke d sukg dek/ jkgr dfkr g hgj kt X s a s s s q wa s q s ukcL kd dju jkv ukyt kd xo e83kF kgd u k;cfkj 9`kg hgj kt hLkn , s s Z T s s ,\ kgd er jkv g Syfldf yk'e jkv kL? g;83 kNi jkv kdkj lm u kxsky 4 a q , , , \ w , s s s X kL? kvg kjH l huki e jln jkv hF yk'e Bg hryt e Fkg dS dlm 4hF \ q s X s w , q X s hgj kt hLkn l jktkc hldf k;cfkj rl 4g kgj kv nk; >e ;n rHnv dS ,\ s a , s q 1 q . 4g rkg rgfkoi T s s z ;i jkv kr_ofi l naukv hg lo ]g krj> 'kdi lt l Z;l 4Cgu jgkc sdl q , s s , , z s , s w m ]g hg elm kr /fyim hdlm 4g k;pgl rjfG l ei jkv nukv kr go , X s , Z q s zs , a s 4g Cgu hg ui kd uki elm 4g uoht r'c kr uoht drfu 4Cg , z s X , Z s s , u Xe ;l udfsy ]g krdl kg e nkl go 4_ofi hg u jkv g krgd drfu e , s X s , , wa , T s kr u lm kr g _ofi jkv drfu Bkd nf; l ;H d dju k; uHkyi d xo s s , , , s s s s z s Z 4ddfkyjki k; kg ddfky uHkyi k; ;H o gkp , X , s z s s jGf3g rkg [j ji uHkyi jkv ;H e iW hldf u hldf jk/kv dlm 4g C T s s s s z , X s , gu ;l go Arro dfk;D ]g Felv e sukt sy jkv hd kr;nf go ]g krkg q X , Z X s , s uoht drfu kt e okHv d ei iW7okHo rjfG tgl df gj <je hH g; , s X s zs q s 4g kruc hH , jk/kv kd uoht ;nf go hHr jkv 4g krkg ;l hHr kg okHo ]g Cgu ed , , s s , Z ei 4g krkt kvg eltf g kFov kurp dS kr go 4g krkt Cgu k;df ezsi zs , q X , s s , 4g krkg okHofkv ]Cgu <ikjkv3g krkg kuLk?m ]Cgu kuP , s Z s , s \ s\ s kv lm 4g krkg kujd jkdofkv kr kdlm 4g kekv hjkeg kr go 4dl Pkv , s s , s X s\ s l jiM eg ltf g Cgu _o Bkd go 4krdl kt k;df Cgu rifkjkv l jiM s , s s s kd ei 4kg nukv jrhH ct g oHl hHr yod ei df gj <je udfy 4g s zs s a , a s zs s s , krkt y dr Hi l 'i kd ;ue kt g kiNf <v go e n' dS lb39ei8 s q z s q s q s , q X zs 94kxkg H' ]kxkg dhO cl go xkjd hH kt s q s s s s er jGf jkv ]kjd ei83kF kgd ukgm kr 9`kg u iki l>e df aMht sl,d ] q , s zs s X s s s q Wd k;D e8 kNi u hldf l ubkrxv rl 94g Hi hg ei83g upo kd Ibk a T w s s a , q z zs , 4g jk/kye kd uoht drfu3kd uoht _ofi ei 4rrfi hg kurm e , w , zs X 'i go g krkg rhjiof kurtf e ei kt jkv ]g krkt Om jiM hg kurm e q , s X zs s , , X qHi go g krkg Iofi kjgx kurtf kt e ei 4g rfhuv eiv ]g rfhu hd ezsi z , s z s X zs , zs , 4g krdl uc ei hg uoht kd rDf; / , zs yim kd naukv 4g hg dofkHko g; 4g hrkt hul hH e jkpkv jkv jkpof d s , T q X , s um k;uforfi hd Cgm kr kg unQ jkv ikrl jkv [An jrhH dum jkv ]g a z s s , a , q s , , hryG /axl jkv rhxl hH jgkc dum kr kg krtc rhxl7uoht jrhH dum , q , a s s s a s 4l k<? jkv "s} s 1 , of ]klgV kr kg jH l [An jkv g rkt jH l rfhi j,kv h_e ]k<Qd /aclrv s X s s q , T s s z , a sdum kr kg jH l nukv ;n d k;rDf; 4kxkg kukc hg e k;rDf; slm kr s X s s a s X s s X X s
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4g kry , s ki kd uoht go g kry ki lm kt 4g /fyim u jkv g kr_ofi Bkd hLc s , s s s , , , s \ s llm u jkv g Cgu rfk Bkd jkv hLc l ei 4g krkg et kd ei jdki Xe , , a s , \ s zs , s zs cl hg kd ;o 4g hrkt hy ukt kRl rel ]ol hg rukt kd <v d ;o s a , Z s s q s a 4g rxy sukg e rel u'n hg dlm ]g T s s X Z s T s s rkg jrhH d ;o u'n dltf jGf jkv g krkt yG dkykv kd ukK j,kv g s a Z s , , , s , krxy sutc rhxl kd naukv hg rukt kd ;o 4g xke kd ukg H' jkv drf a s s a , Z s s q , , u Arro kuukt kd ;o Syfhlb jkv g nukv hg kOrfi7iWo 4g krdl kg q s a , , a z , s Cgu /yim kd nukv hH hHd go ]g rpfjfiv l kRl drf;kv hd ;o kt s a , s a a s 4g krtim ei sl , zs rfHqukekv kr kg naukv e lrv 4g rfHuknaukv ui hylv Syflb 4kg e w s s X . a , w q z s t kd naukv e ;o ct ]g krkg hHr et kd ei rfi d ol e ;ue udfy X a , s zs z s Z X q s 4g krdl kg , s etui kd krdrfu jkv kr_ofi Bg rD; l jk} lm 4g kr[n jk} e ei Te Z q , , q s wa s X zs 4g hrdl jd Cgu jkd , hxv kd klkoof/v krPki d0fkc hdlm 4g krdl kt k;kuc Cgu drfu kd a s X a ,\ z , , , s ;ue hrnjct 4krkt gj Cgu idof jkv rDjfrfv d ukg drfuv uekl jk q , s s s , s s eg kr kg u et kd rfhu rjfk/kv ji ei 4g Bx je rfhu rjfk/kv ji ;H s s zs , 4g Cgu ;ofH Bkd cv kd u , s oht drf,u d ;ue e okHv dlm 4g kujd jk0Qui kd rfhu rjfk/kei 4g s q X s , q zs T Bx h[j XoCu hdlm hg ji nukv jkv ukK ]ei ]Cgu ji uHkyi k; ;H 4g a , zs s z T hL[ Cgu ji klkHkv drfu k;ef k;Ifnrv hd < k; Ibk ]0c ]jhokge \ X , a 1Z a q 4g l knl hH jk/kv go 4kd utk[ jk/kv k; , s s s u Syf d uoht drf,u ]d;l g go3g k;x kv hH o;fknjRm kLc dS ud s . , , \ fy 4g Sx kg jgkc l eH dS eg df g hg H' g; jkv g k;x II lkHkv s T s s z , q , , w kd rfhu ]Cgu rfhu 4g hg; <jkd ye kd krdtkjv jkv krdrfuv hd tkv , w , , 4g k;x kg ;' , s w hH ;H jkv uHkyi kdum Arek<jfi jkv g hxy ukg eyke hFkF Skr;ke h , s z , T s s w s a d dju jkv Zxo 4g Bx kg Ii jkv uu rfhuv e ek<jfi jkv g k;nf jd , , s , X , , Iu u lkdof d ukK d ;ue kd jk/kv d uoht drfu k;ef d gjr lb s s s q s s , s 4g hrskg hg kupaoekv ]Cgu lkdofekv llm jkv g krkt kg kni hg , s , , s , lkHkv k;ef dS yod kd uoht drfu kr rfkH lm 4g krdl kg u j,kv g s , s a , s , kvg kL[ hH hHd u uoht drfu dofrko Bkd ji uHkyi jkv ;H Arro q \ , s s z , q 4g krgkp kukcL kd dju jkv kukyt kd xo jkv g regl l k;cfkj hH Te wa q s , s Z , wa s
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e hg l rfk hLc lcl hd kursp7;que 2kukv Iky ji ;o g; kd ukK3g s a \ s , a , kKi kukg r'fkdi kd ;o l ;o kdlm 4g hrkt gj "' hg rDf' 0' hd z s z a s a , s q ukK _ke ];K Bkd u ]g krkg krkK Bkd u e /kc lm 4g kKi hg ukK kd ; s s , s s X s , z a o kjk} d ;o 4g krukt hg kd ;o ukK e okHv d ;"of 4g hrkt uc kK s a , s a X s , i kr kg rDe7;"of go ]g rDf'ukK kt eeg 4g hg; hH klkKtf ye hd e/ z s s q , s X , w Z 2g ;h<jkpof g; ]kg /yim ld kKzi , s s , 4g krkg rcfkl kj[ e/ hg jdjrm kj[ j , s Z i "duf dlm 4g hIkld drf;kv go dfk;D ]g e/ eji go 4g k;x kuke Z s , , a X , Z , k{hji hd ukK7;l kd klgVv hg Syflb `g krdl kg ld g; ]kg u klgV s , s s , s v jkv kg ukK 4g oHlv g; ]kg u ei jkv kg kKi 4hg kxyef 'kdi kd e , s , a s zs , s z s z i kr ]kxyt k;hn kdlm 4kKzi g rkc hylv 4g krkt yef e defJjfki ei zs s s , , X zs skr ]kjd /yim kd kKi 4g ek<jfi kr go 4g krkt k;ki Cgu k/hl ei3kgd s s z , s , zs uTe `Ski ld lm ]g rjd rkc ikv hd ei ltf df kF krNi hlk;l dS s a s , s T s zs w a 4g klgVv ei xkjrho df kxy ugd e Syfhlb , zs s T 4g klgVv kr ]kg gkoi rGo , s s z Z w jkv xlv ]/clv ei 6g xkj kr ]skg /cl ei 4k;nf k>yl cl u oHuko , a a a zs , s a a zs q s q 4k;kv l ;o ]Cgu l _k' Fv g; 4kukt Fv kd klgVv ue jdukt kd ezsi s a s Z Z s T s 2jdkg rjfG sl s q ;o ujo ]Cgu jdkg r"dkv l Zol udfsy ]g hrgc rfi d ol l ;o kt a s s , z s Z s a Z M g; 4g hH okH.nl kd ktM ouHfv hg ra;v hldf ei 4g okHv _ke k{si , Z zs , m 4g Cgu hH k{im go rdV 4g okHv kd kukn kr go 4g kjln hg ek;kv g , s q , X s s , w o 4g ;v l xkj jkv k<? ei 4g UHf ]Cgu rhjiof l k<? ei 4g ;huroj , s , 1 zs , s 1 zs T Z fi e jln7dS o 4g kLkt kd k<? jkv xkj 4g krdl kg r<jfi e k<1? hH X s w s , s\ 1 , , s X hHd xkj hg Syfhlb ]g rhjiof d k<? go 4g okHv kd ei kr xkj 4g UH , s 1 , zs s T f kr xkj jkv ei df kukt cv 4kF kruke xkj e kd ei oi d rfHquv lb s , zs T s zs Z w s w 4g k<jG hd ;o kr go 4g krkg Cg , q a s , s u rfi d hldf go 4g 'kdi kd okHo kr go df kF kukt e <{ rqHnv l z s , z s X . m d /kc 4kF kgj gc hH go hg lS ]/axl l kyG jkv g krgc 'kdzi sl Sh s s s s q s X w , , n lt 4kF kgj kg rgfkoi hg tgl jkv ]kF lc kr g; 4kF Cgu rfi d hld s , s z , s z s f l iW "s'of ei g; 4g Sx kg ;fl jkv tgl hg lk;kuv uj> ruv sl s zs T s , s a ei Sg Skl jrhH l,t df kukt hH g; hg Fkl kr kukt kd /fkel ct ]jGf zs q s s s s 4kF Cgu ei Bkd hH zs s rfi d a;o ]jwn kr jln 4kF krkg Cgu rhri ei Bkd rfi d hldf kunf u z s s s w s z zs s z s X m df g; go 4g e yk;[ rkc dS hd cr 4kF krLi Cgu Bk[nf xke Bkd j , X \ Z s rhH d ;o jkv kF jkd/v ku? ji Rpf ct g krjd <je kd kunf um Te s a , a wa X Fv kd klgVv Z
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4g klgVv kuy u , s kt kd kekv ]g krgd e 4g krkt kNwi l>e hg tkj kr g; `g k;D klgVv s wa T , s q s s , 4g kekv hgo ]g , , hrkg rfHuv hdltf jkv ]g krgj "' kt cr 4g krkt kg rtlof hH go s w q , , s s , s s s s l ukg uhyof dum 4g jkdgv d kd ukFl zxel d k;Rfo7Rpf jkv Rpf s , a X a s X 1 , 4g krkg ;y e kurp eji jd ;' , s X s w kd kxjrRfo rel huiv e kFov /fkel ]hH Rpf hg lo ]g hrkt kg r s X a 1 X s , T s ki kd ;y Arrv hg e jxkl jgy hd jxkl l,t ]g kFok;y hd Rpf /fkel z s a X X s , 4g hH iWo7o hgo ]g ;y kt ]g ex.nm kt jkv 4g krkg hH ncV ; , , s , s , , s q y hg ncV ex.nm 4g hrkg hH uhy Arrv hg llm g hrki exnm kgt ro kt q , s a s , . a q s 4g kry[ jk} kd 'oi ;o l rfe hd h{kl7 , q s z a s 1 Rpf jkv ]g krkg Hjki utlof A'e kd k;Rf1o um l krdWxkt rfi sd k; , , s a z Z X s z X Rfo7Rpf jkv ]g rkg nc uuc jkdl dum l rDflkuv rfi d k;"of7Rpf 1 , T s s a s a s s z s X 2rfe hd h{kl7Rpf Auhr jkv krdWxkt rfi d k;Rf 1 , z s X o7Rpf A kn 6rDflkuv rfi d k;"of7Rpf A dS3g xv uhr d ku/kl7/fkel 1 s z s X T a s 4g hrkt gj "s' hg kr0c0' kr ji /fyim hdlm 4g oHal , q q s , v kukt kl ji /fyim hdlm df g krkg l krxWxkt Ipl jkv eJ urb s , s s s , s hg kukuc ;"ouf lm 4hxSkt kl kr hxkg ;"ouf go df g krkg Cgu ryfG s s s s , s g; llb udfy 4g hrkt kg ;"ouf kr Skt kl kurp 4g Bg kni l upkl s s , s s s s , q , s s s Sdf xk;i kucf rfkzH g; 4hxSkt kv kuf kr ]hxkg ;"ouf ct kurp df g s z a s s s , yk;[ kd kvkRoorue duv 4g Cgu rfq"l /fkel df gj <je Syfhlb X s s , q s 4Fkl d kurp eji e /fkel jkv3g rkg ewyke Sx kg dS Fkl d rxt s s X , T s s s s . eg e rf"l Syfhlb 4Idiv jkv urp <i /fkel3g kFov rNfe jkv X q q z , s Z w , Z w , urpv rfq"l 4g ukel ydcf jdLkN kd rkc dS yod rf"l jkv /fkel s q T q s\ s s q q , 4g rfq"l hg kukt jd 'oi e ikv uiv 49kukt jd 'oi8 , q s z X s s z g Fv kd rfv jkv ]ikv suiv g Fv kd o 2=g krkl- 9rfo83g srgd h , Z , , Z , s T g lb 4g iWo kuiv kdlm rfFf g; 4g krkt kg uhy Xe ;o ue e rf"ql s , , s a X q 4g rNfe kFov go udfy g h , Z w s , rkg rDfe hH rfq"l 4g ;kim kd rDfe lb /fkel 4hxkg kOrfi jkv krjFf s q q , q s z , X a e ;o hdlm hg jdkg rDe l hI[ lm 4g kujd rDe kd ukK l ;K 4g S s q s wa , q s s s , g j? kd ukK jkeg ;K Bkd u Bkd 4g kjH l gkoi7;"of rrl Rpf7;ue q s s s s s s s , s z q 4g ek<jfi kd 0flf lm ei ]g ;kl kKi 6 , zs , z g u/kl /fkel 4g /fkel u/kl kd kKi 4g hrkg /yim l /fkel rfk hlS , , z , s s a s 4g krkg uIk?.nm { , s el dlm kd kRoFv jkv utk;i d uoht jkv g krkg r/fcl l ;o ;u s Z , s z s , , s a a s a q
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i jd Cgu <erfv kd dfS hHd k<jkpof Syflb jkv g rkg <gx hg sl sa , T s s z X a k;fb jkpof cl dfk;D 4g dfsaS k<jkpof 4g ku/kl ]Cgu k<jkpof Bkd go X , , s 4g krkt kukt lm ]g krjd , s , <erfv kd Fkni jkv g djrfv d Fkni kt lltf g kldfpf hd {p dj Z , , s s Z s s , q frkv lm go 4g jkpim go ]Cgu 'snim e/ 4g e/ xke kd uukt kd kekv a , Z , Z Z s s 4g krdl kg hg ;v l Fkni hH xke kd uukt lm Syflb 4g ;v sl , s s Z Z s s , ZFkni go 4g hrkv Cgu e kehl7<gzx hdlm kekv 4g krkt gj r'iv sllm , X , hgnv 4g hrdl [n jkv g hr[n hg kd gsn ]gn `g krdl ld hH kg ;v s , s ,, , s s s , s , s s s l gn go g krkt kukt hH kt l e;ke d gn 4g krkg <gx hgo yod sl , s s s s , s z s Xk;fb 4g r[n hg kd Fkni yod eg Ar<jk/kl 4g hg Cgu kF;v ]g kr ]g a T s s s Z s , , s , [kv hd u[sn lm lki dikv3kgd sue `g Cgu k; g kekv3kF krNi Bkd a s s s T , , w s 4g krskg , rxkt ukK kurtf ]g hrkg rkK hg hurm kRl 4g kre{ hd ukK ;h<jkpof z , s , ]Cgu kRl ;h<jkpof Syflb 4g rukt eg hgo ]g rdl ukt eg kt 4g ruk T s T s s T s t Cgu eg ]go g k;D 4g Cgu 'kdi kr ]g Cgu go 4g 'kdi kr ]g go 4g , , z s , , z s , , kd [kv Arro uzi 4g Cgu hg uzi Bkd go ]g krjd Cgu rkc hd 'kdi Te a q , s wa z g krk[lf ;1e Te wa q 2g Hi hg ei dfk;D ]kukt Cgu hH Nd kr kukt Cgu kd ezsi , q z zs X q s s 4g srkt kg r T s kel hg ukt kucf kd uoht so ]g rkt kg rkel kucf Ski lm kt 4g yG s s T s s s s , erOJ kd /fyim jkv "dm defkv ei 4kxgc ei jgkc hHr ]kxkg 'kd s , Z zs s zs s i jrhH ct 4Skt jH l 'kdi d kKi uoht kjkgr dfkr ]k/kl kd /fkel z s z s z q s s 4g klgVv hg kol rgfkoi tgl sl , s z ei 4g kol ei ]g <"k' gv 4g krht Syf dcl ei ]g krht Syf uiv g zs , s zs , s a , s zs , s a v 4g d kdlm hg 9ol8 k; ]g Cgu d Bkd kd ei ]g 9e8 d kd gv 4 , X Z , X s zs , T X a c jkv Ikjof ei3g rfFf<v jkv <hdl gv 4hd ei jkv hd gv3g k;rfF z , zs , q , Z a a zs , a T a f7kurp hd jkdi hg kn e rxt 4g krkg Z<i ei Cgo ]g krkg ;' gv akgt s z s X . , s w zs , s w a 4g ei <{y ;hd kd ukKekv 4g klgV hg <"k' kvg kni l okH 9e8 l , zs X , s q , s T b3g ;y jkv d kd kRl rel 9e8 4g Syf je rxt "' jkv g Nqd cl wa , X T , s s . s , wa 9e8 4g hrkg Uim klgV rel hg llm 4g gv <{y ;hd kd ukKv7ekv T , s s , a X 4g klgVv hg kuokHlv g; hd un [An skd hldf 4g oHlv kun [An hH , a s s q , a s q kd hldf Syf d ei jkv ]g krkg Uim ei l /kc lb 4kxy ukt hH slm ] s s zs , , s zs s s wa g lko kdltf jrhH dcl hg Fkl kr ]Mkt kg Fel e uukt kd ;o nf; Te , s s a s Z X s s a
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4g kehl hdltf g hgo go ]g krkt kukt kt lum Syflb 4g , , , s s T kehl hjkeg k;fb ]g kehl hjkeg jkpof 4g krdl kg hH {;i ruv 4g ru a a , , s z a , a v ;l 4g Cgu ;l hgo yod ]g {;i kt if|; 4kg {;i kt g hgo ;l , s , z s s z s , 4g pl hH Syf d kekv hgo g pl Syf d , s , s 'kdi kt jkv g 'kdi kr g [kv ]g krgd hg; hH e 4g krd;okv hd k z s , , z s , a wa T , ldfpf ]Cgu hd suk>el 'kdi kd _ef jkgr 4kvkt y lki d |o hldf `k z s s q s s s , s g Sky k;D lki je3kF kgd ulm 4kF kgd hg; u /kl 4F ryx hg _ef sdl X s s s s q s m 4kF jkgo; go kdlm hg yduv d ke;uf d jkpof jkv kF djkpof hH w q s X s , k/v go 4g hg; hH dr kd d/fv l eeg 4kF Cgu go ]kF kgj [hn Cgu kt a , Z s X s 4kF rxljkpof hg; ]krkg kvg ryx hg kuuke 4kF hH dhO kuu a s q ke u kdlm 4kF kvg Cgu htkj kd uuke go ji ]g 'kdi df kF k;k>el r q s s , z gc lm ukgm 4F Sky kd _ef /v suiv xky Nd lki d /kl dS jkc dS q s s X s s s a s q s q 4krdl kt kukt Cgu hH kjs/v a ]k;D kr 'kdi e ui/v jkv ]g /v eg kr ]g Cgu go 4g krkt kukt ;l s z X s a , T s a s , , s lltf ]g {p hgo 4g Cgu ukK jkpof 4g huiv hg ufv go 4g Skji jkpof , q , , T 4g kukg dofrko kdlm kt ]g krkt gj hg , s s , rpfjfiv l ufkukK lm rDf; jkv g krkt kg kv/ hg uoht kjkl jdkg eu s , , s a q s X m 4g rgj dkP kd ufv lm rfkH hd aS/ jkpof 4g krki ukt Cgu lm r; T s s a s a q , s jkv rzx e jkpof 4g 0fc ]g dsoof ]g /kc hgo ]g Bkd hH Nhi d jkpof , X , q , , s , s s s 4g jkv hd k<jkpouf kt g dFkl ku/kl go 4g F; go ]g e , s s , Z , Z , X /cl d kekv k<jkpof kt Syflb 4g kekv rk{kl ejp kd ;rp jkpouf a a s s , . , 4g Fkni Rfiuf ejp hd jkpof 4g ;fCrv ;rp jkpouf 4g , Z , , , ;t;fb jkpof 4g /kc kvg e ;rp jkpouf ]Cgu rfHuv hd jkpof e/ a , s q X , w q Z 4g krkg /yim l xke UHf jkv ;v hg , s s Z , rgc hldf ujo Cgu l k;fb go jkv ]g Cgu oHl rfxl Bkd hdlm sl ukK q s X a , , a a s 7;fb dfk;D 4g hH rxlv go 4g Cgu jkpof Bkd e/ dfk;D ]g ;Drv e/ a X , a , s Z X , Z Z 4g hg dofkHko , g; 4g rkg eyke ;w'dr jkv rxlv jkpof cl ykoujd Idi kd kekv T s s w Z , a s s z s Syflb 4Cgu kehl hdlm go ]g rhrv d k;fb kt jkv g krkg l k;fb , s X a s , , s s ssa a <gx jkv et kdlm dfk;D ]g 0ckv Syf d /"uf d kekv AriWo jkpof z , X , s s s 4g Cgu hH Nd jkv e rxt rDjfrfv d Fkni d , q , X . s Z f kxSki go kxjd uexuv dr rv ddkr dlm kd jkpof kt jkv g krkt s q a s s , , kg rfd7Fkni ArZ;koufv jduc ukKof e rf<jfi ejp huiv jkpof Syflb s X Z X 4g ji ]Cgu ;o o T a s 4g Ffrfv ]Cgu lrv so 4g rkv l jgkc ]Cgu srxkt e lrv jkpof 4g hrk T . a T s s X . a ,
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i 4Tg rn k[ lm o g rIipf l uoht kt jkv g kryef uoht jdIef df g w s s s s s T s s s , , , ;pkv kld 2kdl kg rev er ]kdl kg <i er df g krk[lf Syflb g; Z , s s 1 q s s Z w q wa jkv g krk[lf hg q;e g; e 4g krk[lf hg kuIef g; Te 4g krk[lf ;' Te , wa 1 T wa wa w 4g krkg Hjkv kd kekeji jkv <erfv kd , s a , Z Fkni kgt g ncV go hg; 2g ;' hg kukg _ke g;3g lc e 4g kgj jd Cg a , q , w s wa T wa u Nd e3kgd ue 4kF Cgu hg kgj kr jd Nd `krgd k;D e cv 3g gj j q T s T s q T T s d k;D df kF kNi jdkv su hldf 4kF hg ku[n _ke lc ]Cgu ku[n kd hld w s s f go 4kF ;'7jk/kv jkv ;"ouf ku[n go 4kF Cgu ;"of Bkd kd u[n l w , s s s s m 2kF hg kr[n lc ]Cgu klsS ]kF kr[n Nd3kF kr[n go 4hF Cgu hH k; s s q s f Bkd 4kF Cgu jkpof kd hldf jrhH jkv hF Cgu rfFfim hd hldf jgkc s , 4kF kydv hH jrhH ]kF kydv hH jgkc 4kF kOc kydv e rkj hj/v dS Te s s , s X s a 4 g hryef kekv jkv g hryef [kv kd ;que jkv g krkg rIfk?nm ;' sl k , , , a s , , s . w a gt g gkj go 4g rk;i Syf d ukt kg rHhiko d kjkpof ikRm kd u[sn ] , , Z s s s w s X s lc 4g rkt kg rHhiko <dlskv et ji cn e ikRm d ;l e rkHi slt hg T s s w s w X s Z w X z , s , T s lo ]g rxy ukg uhyof jkpof A'e l ukg jFf ji ncV d _ke7u[sn ]lc s s s s s q s s 4g k;x kg uOfd rgc hH Z;kd tgl jkv yjl klt ujd u Nd df g h , s q , , s q , uc rnkv hurb hjkeg hd ugj rjd Nd u Nd ji ]g Cgu kujd Nd if|; s s q q , q 4g ;kleJ rqgc , ku[n g; 4g kusy Cgu ;<uf jkv ]g kujd Cgu okup jkv ]g ku[n lc 4g s , Z , , q , , s , uk; ku[n l ncV d okHuf kd jkpof 4okHuf g Fv kd h{kl FIr dlm s s q s Z s Z , Z s 4g krsn /kc l jkpof eg okH hH Bkd r , a s X s fi d jkpof 4g hrkt hyp hryp rjouv ky[J hd jkpof hg ji jk/kv d z s , 1a s okH lm 4g <ki jkv uoht kd Rpf hg okH go 4g u/c7jkpof hg okH go , z , , a 4g krkg kni llm okH kd sujd xk;jfi kd hldf jkv ku[j dkj kd hldf , s , s s , s s 4g krky xkjof , k; xkj ;Z<uf go 4g kujd Cgu ;<uf kd H'kH' e jkpof 4l okHh{kl rgf , Z q q X s j7okup FIr d k;fi7jkpof g krkv ;' jkv g krkg u'n kd <i sl ;' q s z , w , , s Z Z w w 4,g u' Z n kgo3g Cgu kgt Rpf ]k;Rfo ]jkpof 4g uZ'n kgo 4g krkt kukt kgo 4g a T a a 1 , a , a , Cgu k; g kekv df krkg Cgu kuNi Aui kgo 4g krkt kg rjfrkiW jkv rdf , s w q a , s a , s kykv l 'kdi7rev uoht kjkl jkv g hry[ [kv nc l utlof d k;Rfo s z 1 , T q X a a s Z s X 1 hd Rpf 4g xk; g; 4g kgd /fkel hg lm 4g ;' [kv hd uukt kd kekv , s , s , w a s s 4g , kekv nfkuv ]ehlv ]ruv hgo ]g krkg rk{kl kdltf e rfFf hd Rpf ; a , s . X 'jkpof sNhi d k;fb 4g krkg kukt jdOm jiM lum ]kd ruv ]kd ehlv w s X a , s s s a ss
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yu'e;kL hIe83,g krehlv hdlm hek;kv ruv 4g ehlv knk; hH sl ehl X a , v go df gd 4g Cgu hH Nqd uekl dlm 'kdkv kd jgkc ]g kyG jrhH sj X , s s , , keg 'kdkv kt udfsy 4krxy Cgu kri Bkd kd kehl hdlm ]g rgd dufkKo s s T s , 4g ehlv go g jgkc jkeg 'kdkv kt 4g jrhH jkeg go ]g 'kdkv , , s s , s , hH jkv dS39li hyukv n Iku lb li lnf83g Cgu 'kdkv kydv hg; ]g , s s s , s , kyG jgkc skt 'kdkv g; rdV 4g jgkc jkeg 'kdkv g;3g hrkg ryof k; , q , s T s q a ofi jkv ret ;w' ]rLm h{i kgt 4g rkt kg jgL[ jkv g rkg reuf u 1 , s s \ a T s s a , T s s oH kgt3g rOc ]g rOm ]g ryp eg eltf ]g jgkc li dS ]'kdkv dS a T s , T s T s X , s `g k;D ue g; , 2g , <_aeuf kd ;l hg <_euf kd jxkl 4g krdl jd jkdho kd <_euf d jx a , s a s kl hgo g lgkl jkv ;Hv kurb eltf 4g kun q;e kd rDf; jkv g kukIe , , X , s 1 s , , f kd nc 4g k/kc jkv k;kuc kd uiv u nc kr hg l kuHkyi jkv k;H um s wa , a , s s s wa s s X s z , X 4g d nc ;H jkv uHkyi jkl o 4g Cgu Fk"Qi go Syf T s wa , s z s s , Z q d krifd l ;H d dju jkv rLfhi l Hky d xo 4g Cgu k'nf hd krhH; s X a s s , \ s s s Z , X H e/ 4g Zxke kd ujd rtlof jkv ujd ;' kd ;o go dfk;D ]g lgkl Z , s , s w s a X , ejp kd uoht7;que e/ 4g rdl kg Cgu dek/ o g Cgu Xeutf lgkl g; Z T s s s , 4g T s rdl kg xv d ;l ehlv jkv rauv eg hHr 4hxkg hg huLkN Skehl huiv s a s , X s\ a jkv kxLi kujd jwn kd Xk_o Sg Pkv l kFkg hg uiv eg jkv kxLi kukIe , s \ s q s s\ s X s X , s \ f kd nc 4g Sg Oc jdPkv kd ;e hg F; eg jkv g Iduf rev kd kek s wa T q s , s\ s q 1 Z , , 1 v 4g Sg dQ jdLdi kd nc hg F; eg jkv g Iduf rgc jxkl kd kekv T q s \ s wa Z , , q 4g krkg /yim jxkl kd kekv kr g hrIef nc hd 9 , s s , wa T e8 2Skt kg c ]sy ukt kd c jkv gj hH rDf; ]rDf; jkv 6Skt kg jx s z s z , s , s kl jkv ]gj hH nc ]nc df g oHlv g; 4g hd ;ue k/ofn hg; 4g k/ofqn , s wa wa , a , q q , hdlm hg; 4g hrgkp kuLkr Cgu kd sukg nc uiv ji g hrgkp kukg go kr , s\ s s wa s , s s jxkl 4g hg huiv hdlm Skehl jkv jkohn hdlm3g hrkg nc e uiv kFkg T a , X , s a X s X hg suiv nc ji jk} dltf dfXk;D ]g Cgu nc hH hHd jk} l jkv hd jxkl wa s , a s s 4g IokdQ jkv jcLkv kr hgo 4g k/kc e ukg j , , a s , X s s xkl kr hg gxkv kd ugj suc nc 4g hrdl kg Cgu jxkl ji ]g hrdl Ief k s z s wa , s , s r nc l k'nf lm 4g yGuf jkdgv go 4hrdl kg Cgu jxkl jdgj nc ]nc wa s , a s wa wa 4g kry ki kd <i go ]g rpVuf , s s Z w , jdkg ;' kt jkv g krkt kg ;' jkv rDjf go ]g e krpV kt kd ukg < s w s , , s w , , X s s s s Z
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dikv kr kg u hg kr_ro hd ukg ukeBc kdikv jxv `kxkg k;D Fv kd u s s s a s s s s s Z s kg yH dikv kr kg u hg kr_ro hd sukg jc kdikv jxv df >el lS slb s s s s s a s s q s X s s 4hxkg u kr_ro Bkd hd kekv jGf 4hxSkt kg _rji kur s a s s a sp kr kg u _ro kd sukg urpv kursp jxv 4g kr_ro hd kurp hg; ]gd s s a s s s , a s X g;3g oefko kd kurp hg; 4Skt kg Idziv kr gkp ]kg Idi kr gkp df , s s s s s z s s ]g; g r;dfyke hd kurp 4kukt kg Idiv ]kukt iNf ]kukt kg rli kd k , s s z s q z urp A g Fv kd urpv 4g Cgu 'ku kd kurp Fv kd urpv 4kukt kg ur s , Z s , s Z s s pv g kre{ hg hd kursp `ld kxxkt go krdl Cgu kl kt ][j uk; jkv s , s , s s s X , 4krdl Cgu hH kl go ]krdl Cgu xkt kt 4krdl kg Cgu hH urpv go krdl kg s s s s s Cgu urp kt 4g urpv r df rdl gd Cgu g; l jFi ikv 4g Cgu kre{ s s , s w s s , g; hd L\t 4g hrdl kg urpv go df g kre{ hg hd kurp g; 2k;x iN , s s , s f df ]urp3k;x kl df kt ]urp A g krkg Fv kd urpv 4krkg Cgu Lt ZF s s s s , s Z s s \ v kd urpv ]X[j uk; 4hxdl kg urpv go df g hH g; kr_ro dS e k s s s s , a X X vkr_ro hd kurp kgo g kurp hH kgt df hxLi hu>el g; kr rkc hygi a s a , s a s \ s 4kxLi kukt e Bkjgx hl7hLkF Syf d u>el lb `g exnm kdub kgd s \ X s\ s s s , . a ]g krkg et kdub l kgd ]g rkt j?f ld ynkc d jkdof ; kr ]l o,nl ] , s s a T s s , s s s s s l knl g lkokv kd jkdkjuf ]jkdouf ]g Cgu hg jkdof Bkd jrhH ct jkv , , s , `g hrkg rIf? ld q;e g; kr g rev l okHo Te ct jkv `g hrkt kv , s s , 1 s wa 1 s , , s a l kgd 0f'v g; kr g 0' hg okHo kje ct df g krOm e ue d d/k q s , q s , X s l hg knl ui g; 4g hxk;im kuy >el hH lm Xe /cl d 'kdkv jrv lb z , s s s a a s a `g rkt kg rjfdav l kgd ; `g rkt et T s s q s a s T s s , ld jkpof d ue s; kr ]g lko kd nukv ;uf jrhH ct `g krkt kv sl akg s s , a , d ue g; kr g nukv eji rfFf hd iWo ]hd jrhH ct df g kNi ukgm s , a , w s X 4g r/fcl llb ui kd _ef , a a s z 4g rkt hg jgkc g srkt hH T s T ct eg 4g Gjr hd jgkc kukt cl kjkeg 4Cgu hg Sx Gjr hd jrhH eg , ]g k[j Cgu hH <jp dS e 'kdkv d jrhH sueg 4g hjH Cgu ukLm Bkd Xe , X s , \ s 'kdkv d jrhH hHd sueg 4g Cgu oHquv hH Bkd kd 'kdkv jrv eg ud s , s a X fy 4g hrLi hujd tk[ hdlm e 'kdkv jrv skr kg kuki kd ;l d uoht s , \ s X a s s s 4g li jub ]g 'kdkjrav ]g 'kdkv , s , , kd jrhH kr ukF kd kekeji ]jgkc g krdl yef Fkni knk; l knk; 4kx s , Z s kg u uyef hHd l kekeji kdlm 4hxkg u IH hHd l kurp hdlm 4kxSki s s s X s s jd u rkdkye l uoht hH hHd go kxgj krtk[ e 'kdkv hg d jgkc kt q s s s X s s 4g ;rp e 'kdkv d jrhH ]g hrkg aSk;f e 'kdkv d jgkc 4g uoht , , X s T s X s , e 'kdkv d jrhH ]g krkg kuOm ]kuyp e 'kdkv d jgkc 4g 9hIufGfub X s , s X s ,
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c klo kgkp klt ]k;kuc kd henkv u joB df g krLi eyke dhO knk; g , , s s , \ w o ]kgd ukgm `k;df jkpof suikv ji um g rn jRm kt r;bklB jkv eky s X T s s s , b k;D udfy 4g rDq;dr ydcf rkc g; df3kgd l _ef ukeyle um uTe s , Z q s q s `Sx ld kv ed jc kr ]Sg Cgu ed jc Bkd kr ygi d et eFi lm 4 s , Z s q s q Z sq s s s s z kxLi hg kuuke kr et eFi Bkd udfy 4Sdf Zed jc e et yNif jkv d s \ s z s s sq X s , fk;D Sdf ed jc e et syNif 4Sdf ed jc e et yNif dfk;D g kjc h X Z s q X Z s q X s X , q enkv kyG df g rgd eg e et lb 4F Cgu ed Bskd kr ygi dlm 4hxskg a T s X s Z s s s Bg 0' ]Iiduf go kr cr kd kurp kxkg kvg et hg kygi ct ]g dhO q q s s s q , 4F Cgu ed Bkd ygi dlm kr cr s Z s s s s hxkg Bg hg rkvWq' hdlm ct e et ygi kr kjxf <jkd d ked uiv j s q X s s s s xv ]sxy ugd go 4kF dhO ydcf kuNi kd _ef ukeyle lm 2<jkd d ke s q w q s d uiv df g ruke g; ]e/ kuhr Sg kni ji efH lb ]0kc k; ut ]ngV3 s T s Z X q , w , , w `kjxf k;D e iki henkv df kdl k>el Cgu g; >e ngV Bkd udfy ]wag k;x X X s q w s s lki d k;lfk;l7/kl rgc ]g kyef l kxky rgc e df xy ugd l>e go s X a q q wa s X s q T s s s q 4g rDf; jkn>el rgc 4Sg unf Nd ]F Skv uyef >e _ef ukeyle dS T q q q s s s q q 4g Cgu jiM je o;fkn Bkd kd , ss s ; je jGf ]k;x kg thp Bg h;kuc dS e 4hgj u kurp e>e ]k;x kg g s s s q T s X q s jr hd jFi e kr g k;kuc u kekeji s>e kek;i jkv g kek;i e k; T s , s q q , wa q T ]g k;kuc su kekeji >e hiki3g hjcte hje kukg hiki jkv g hiki Te jxv , s q , w s s , wa 4h;x kg e[ rkc s s , w kr g hjcte jxv 29uthlLf ukv jov83g ;<uf kjkeg ]Cgu hjcte hjkeg s , Z w kukg kgo g eg hH kgt jkv 4g rdl kg hH Cgd eg dr jkN jln sl jkN s a T a , T s s s s w s dS 4g k/ofl hH hd sukg kekeji jkv ]g ;kim kd ukg ukr' Syflb 4g , q s , , s s , , 9eLh I;lS8 ]g _ro eji g; ]g kekeji kvg kiNf jrhH jkeg kt g; w , a , q s s 4g jrgc kukg Lt ]kuskg urspv kr llm `g krkg Fv k;D kd kurp , s s \ s s , s Z s ekyx jkv 4g ekyx kurp kr g Cgu k/ofl hd rhjiof hH kd kurp jxv q , , q s s , q s s jkv 4Sgfkp huskg k/ofl hd rhjiof 4hxSkt kg hlIkib ]krdliu hg ydcf , q s X s a qa q Xe ukg syH d kekv kr kg u hg ;kim kd ukg kjqc Syf d kekv jxv ]gj s s s s s s s s s uk; 4g rdl kg hH e j/v eg df g kre{ hd uki Syfhlb 'kdi 4g rd T s s X s s a , s z T s l jd jki eg hH hPhl hd dju df g oHl Syfhlb kukt pgi xo 4g kiN \ , a qa Z , f e kre{ hd ujrm e k;Ifk? hj/v hd uoht ;e kd uN j['f d uoht X s X X s a w s w s 4g kiNf , e kuokHl jkv kre{ hd ukg ukeBsc ;e kd hjknukeB 4g hrkt kg hd hLk X a , s s w , s ,\ d kn hjknukeB kr ]ukeBc kg krdl u hg kg jxv 4kvg Cgu ji ]kF krdl s s s s s q kg ukeBc kr krgkp go df 3g 9Lbkyb8 ]g rgfuf elb kr g jknukeB go s s s , a , X s , df Tg rgd kd rDf; hldf eg hH ct `g krkg Fv Bkd kd ukg jknukeB s s , s Z s s s
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kuy >el jkv lb 2kr_ro hg hdlm Arrv kr_ro hjkeg Syflb 4g kiN s , s a a a , f jrhH jkeg go 4g Cgu jgkc leg kekeji df g krgd hH g; rjkH jGf s , s , 4g hrkt Li ji , \ >e hjkoetf 4g krkt kg jkoetf e kr g kyH jxv jkv 4g jkoetf e q s wa s s T s wa , wa s T kr g kjc e jxv ]g kje ketf jGf cr 4g o;fkn hHr kg kr_ro ct jk s wa q T , s , s a , v 4g _ro hH Syf d sukg jc eg df g krkg hg; hg Fv kd kr_ro 2h;x T a s s s q , s Z a kg hd hLkd kn kr_ro kr ]hg kr 3g rgkp kukg Nv ikv jxv ]g _ro s ,\ s a s s T s s s T a ikv39Lqx jkv ; LLbkoki h jkv ;8 df gd g; kekeji l henkv jxv w s sz w s s 4Nhi hF r' hurb3Sgfkp kukg kykd lc ]y up xaj s Z s X q hH Bkd ikv ]hF hji kr_ro udfy 4Cgu CF k;Lfkx kr hd xj jln Bkd ] s w a s a \ s a s w s CF hg k;Lfkx yd hd xj ykd 2kr g kykd go jxv ]g rdl up xj hH Bk a \ q a s s , T s q a s d ikv39dy tb Ib LLbkoki jyd husS twp ud w;83kF kLkN [yf upo d , s sz , s\ S ji tkojn d hIDG huiv ]su LkG jkv 4hd xj ykd ]C;kuc hd xj hg d s s , Z s , a s a S kr e kdhjev C;kuc jkd su LkG kGn hygi ct df g kul dkte dS uTe s X X Z s , q s 4hrkt hn Cgu hH kjt jkv ]g hrLi eyke hgj kt hn hji kr_ro 2kuyk[ re jH7kykr udf , , \ w w a s sy g krdl jd p[ ]gkp kujd p[ kurtf r lS 4hxgj lki je jH7hHkp ] , Z s Z w s s s s s g hjsr hjktrf df ]k;x kg kLc kIc ct3g kgd l Ic uiv u uhYQlu kyqe , s s \ s , s s s s s 4g hrkg kr_ro hg kr_ro hd Gjr kukn 4g h[e;} cl kr , s a a X s , q _ro udfsy 4g o;fkn kr g kr_ro jxv 4g Cgu ydcf o;fkn kr g Cgu a , s , a , q s , kr_ro jxv 94hIyfcflfkijf n tbkyb eLh83g o;fkn Fkl d kr_ro a a a , s a 4kg _ro rDf; ct g hrdl kg hHr hjkoetf ji s a , s s rDf; udfy g hjkoetf ji rDf; ]g krgd rk0lf kd ed `ykoujk/ql g s , s , a Z s s T ukd ikv jGf ]g krkuc hH kl,t k; g krkuc kjc kd henkv go 4g rLi e , , , q s T s \ wyke ueqn ]g rLi eyke Gky[f d kekeji kekge cl d k;ufn df kF k T s \ w s s q rjd kgd GStfjqx 2g ydfe hLc kr g;3g rkuc kNv kd henkv hlk;l7 , q \ s T s s a /kl rFfdkFr jkv ]g krkuc kjc henkv kr kekeji df kvg g; Fv kdlb q , , q s q Z 4g hrLi G , \ ky[f d kekeji ''fkd hd suuc sNv hjkeg kr g krkuc kjc jxv hg ke s s s , q keji jkv `g krdl kg lj k;D e sukuc henkv kjc kd kekeji df hxkg hL , , s X q s s [ u>ym hH jkv cr jkv 4g hrkt kg hd kekeji hjkoetf hjkl kr k;kuc \ , , , s s s u kekeji ]g klt3k;kuc su kekeji skr g kyH ]k;kuc u kekeji kr g s wa , wa s s wa kjc e jxv3g Cgu hH o;fkn jxv 4kg o;fkn ct g hHr kejfx ]gj uk; q T , s , s 94Lkx ukv Iku ]ue ukv tb hIyfcflfkijf8 4g rfho hd kejfx hd ;ue , a , q g; 4g krgkp kuykL ji ;ue ]krgkp kuykL Cgu ji joB hjknetf Ze/ , q s hH Bkd kvg kni e 'sn lb 4g hu>el rkc hl7hLkF hg;3kgd ue kr 4k;ku s q , X , s\ s T s
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`dl kt u kPi kt ]utk;i k;D kd u[yf lS jkv 4kx s \ s s z s s s , dl kt Cgu kPi ]kxSkt kr k[yf 4kxLi Cgu hH h;k[nf jkv kxSkt hH k[y s \ s s \ , f 4kxLi Cgu Bk[nf cr udfsy 4g Cgu upLv Bkd Xe u[yf ]g krdl [yf h s \ , \ s s , H ji jkohn go l,o ]g kr[yf l k;Lf[ nGl ji Lkc dy ykd d{'f slt s , s \ s Z s , s , 4g Cgu hg oHuv , q dr cr kg u oHquv kd rhjiof dr ct dfk;D `k;D3Syf d ukpgi hd ; s X X s a o g krLi kujtx l jln 4Cgu ;kim Bkd kd uukt kd a;o kucf ukt kd , \ q s s w s s s s s jln df g upo 0lfi rgc kd _kl 94jnv n F llki Gluo I o n uoB8 s w , z q Z zw s s q s 4krki kg Cgu rpfjfi l uiv dr cr krkg Cgu rpfjfi l kjln Bkd dr c s s s s s X w s t df g rgd jkv 4g rgd dhO o 4krki ukpgi Cgu kd 'n uiv dr cr T s , T s s s s s krkt Cgu lnji Bkd dr ct df xky g rgd 4g krLi kukt ji k_k; hg hd s s s T s , \ s s s X s s uk[ lm eg kr kg kujd oHquv dhO7dhO eg jxv lm ]g kiNf phc jkeg X s , s 4g xv ;koufv kd k;f hd uki hH kuk[ 4g ;kim k , a Z s s , d uki l dhO ]hH kuk[ 4g klgf kd k;fi hd uki hH kuk[ 4g krkg ji u s s s , z s s , s s k[ hH oHuv kdlb ]kF Nd lki je df g kryp kri hg ji uk[ 4Skt u s q q s s , s s k[ go dr ct ]kryp Cgu kri dr cr eg kdlm ]kg l knl lki jkeg kt s X s s s s thp Bkd 4g utk;i hH kd ujrm lm 4g krki jd oHuv kd iWo d ke s , s z s , q s s keji ugx hg kurm g krkt jrm e jkll kjgx kurtf kt jkv 4g Cgu okp , X a s , , c Bkd llm 4g ;koufv kukt ji k_k; hd jkll Syf d ukpgi hd kekeji s s , Z a s 4kr ki ukt Cgu kd kekeji hH Sg rkg kekeji ;o go kukt Cgu jklal ult s q s s a s f jkv ]krki ukt Cgu hHd hH rfk' go hukt Cgu rfk'v ultf 4krki Cgu u , a a s kt hHd [l go kukt Cgu [Aqn sultf 4g krkt kg Z;koufv kukt jrm e rhj q , s X iof Syf d hIjfk;e ]Syf d krPki 4g krkt kg Z;koufv kukt jrm e rhji s s s s ,\ z , s X of Syf d oHuv Pkxi d uoht df g hjWt huy y e yk;[ rkc jkv dS s q \ z s , s s X , 4g kvg k;df kni kd kekeji go , q , 4g kvg k;df kni kjkeg go 4g krdl kg kni ue Syflb `hxkg k<"k? k;D , q , , s , s s jkv rDjfrfv d kr_rji hd kekeji go kr kg u k/ofl hd ukg jc jxv , s a s s q s s s q hH kd kekeji jkv 4g kekeji hgo g 'kdkv Fjrv kt go 4g kekeji s , , , a s , hgo dfk;D g _ro eji kursp Bg hOc jrhH hg jkeg 4g Cgu kn kykouy j X , a q , s T s s s ,kv kykosun dfk;D ]g IehIv ]g drfa;kv kr_ro ]Cgu3`xjd k;D eg kr s X , s , a s X s 2rn Cgu kr_ro cv ]k;nf ync knkjb 2nc cv3 s s a a lc ]kNv ]kxn gd unf hH hldf go 4g krdl jd 9ylfd8 unf hH hldf g s , T o dfk;D 4hxSkt kg kr_rji go hH kr g krsn kr_ro gr e ]9eLh ; o X s a s wa a X q T w xf Bkv8 df gd leg jkv ]leg kg kOc jgkc jxv kekeji dfk;D 4Sgfkp s s , s s , X
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2rhxl g krjHm a , cr3g rLi ujd kni jo eh/ rgc hH ygi dlm kr kg kujkHm rgc kd T s \ s , s q s s s s q s jo hldf d rhxl jxv jkv 4l kjo UHfof g krkg kni rhxl 4g krkt k s a , s X , s , a , s g Uim rhxl dS jkv huekg dS hH e rhjiof jkv 4g krkt kg ljdS hH a , Z X , , s jdkg rhjiof uoht cr 4krkt gj Cgu rhjiof hH jdgj rhjiof uoht cr s 4F k;Pfhl er s a \ q ]kpgi dr j['f d ;i e jdjtx ler dfk;D 2ji >e kiduv hjkgqr ]ki qa s q T q s q X q a q s ki cl 4Cgu hH k/ofl hd uukpgi kd kekv kucf jr dfk;D 2nko;/ >r q s s ss X s q ]jhj' 4Cgu ;kim Bkd kd uukt kd <kouf kucf jr dfk;D 2nko;/ kjr ]j s s s Z s s X s kll df ]e <{ d uje g kgd su e//fkc 4kukt kd oHuv d ;l erugx a X s s , Z s s q s s ultf g dS e kxky pki7ln ji hoi lb e//fkc jkv ]g kgd u e//fskc , X X s a 1 Z s , , s Z 4kF krdl kt kpgi Cgu dr ;i kucf dlm dfXk;D qa q s ]g hrkg eyke hg kiduv hH hd iki lm pgi dr ;i jdjtx l iki ltf , s w a q s qa q q s 4kF krdl kt kpgi Cgu d qa r ;l kucf dlm dfk;D 4g krOm e ue nko;/ hH rfi dlm ]kjtx sl ; s X , X z s q lv ltf jGf kr g krkt >el kd ;gj lb jkv g kr>el kr;koufv Bkd s , s , , Z s ct hdlb jkv 4g krLi kujtx sl krkj d ;lv Syf d uukt hH kd ;l , , \ q X s s s s b22 4Cgu xke Bkd kucf Sg Fgx Syf d uukt hH kd lk; Z s q 1 s s s a , Z l 4g ;koufv kujrm e krugx hd Fkni Syf d oHuv dlm kekeji g ki X Z s q s , Nf kt jrhH 4Bg hr/kd hytcf g hrLi h;k[nf kr g srkg ynkc ykd ct j s q T , \ s T s s i 'kdkv 4g krLi Bk[nf ji lm 4g krLi ku[yf ji Lkc dy ykd Syflb , \ , \ Z s , s `kn;kG k;D kd u[yf dlm dl kt u hg kPi kt 2kgd su uhYQlu ]g rgc Ghydr s s s \ s , q e ji ]Cgu r;lfg hjkeg hHv hd ujd k_k; hd okx jln jGf 4krki Pi Cg X , , s a s w \ u Bkd jkv ;kolf jkeg hpf h[yf hjkeg df g g; rkc ]kgd u uhYQlu ` s , s , s hrkv Cgu e >el hje ]g k;D rkc 4n krc hg ;gj kjt ]kgd u henkv lm X s , X s 4g Ghydr rgc e ji ]x[yf u eg , q X , s X hpf 2kNv kr kNi u g; ]g rkc hd ;gj kjt g; ]kgd u uhYQlu `g s s w , s , upLv k;D e Fkg `krko k;D l ji kr g Znn e ji ]hpf k[yf l Fkg 4g \ X s , s , X , s s T s r[yf hpf l ji xky df Cgu kul sueg hHd 2Bx kg ng ]kgd u henkv l s , s q s s m 4kxdl [yf u e ]g nn rgc e j,i je ]kgd u kye 2kye ]kn [yf h wa T , Z q X ss s q q s pf dS kjt ]kgd su henkv lm 2kxkg kurdf k[yf7kPi ]Sgfkp kuy >el kr s \ s s kg k[yf7kPi henkv hg dS kgt jkv ]uhYQlu kF henkv k[yf7kPi hg kyd s \ a , \ s v e okx 4k;kv ji jk} d uhYQlu kye gcl7gcl henkv dS ]ue ,g kuql X a s q q q s T
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hYQlu dr cr kOc dr ct go 2kOc3kg Sx kv gxt dhO er ]kgd u uhY , s , s q s Qlu 4g jk;r kd sun jhg d kLkjd Syf d [l jHhRj e kr hHr 4krdl k wa , s s s s X s\ s q T s s g Cgu Bkd h[An knk; l>e ]kgd sulm `kg h[An rgc er ]kNi u uhYQlu s q s q s q q q w s 4k;ki n Cgu [l jHhRj s q Bkd >e dr cv udfy ]n ikl lm jhg cl ; e kr n n [l hH jHhRj Bk s s q s wa T s s s T s s s q s d >e 4okx7okx g kgj e? jdsy e lb 4g e hyk> lb rkjgkot7jhg d kLk s q a a wa w T s T X s s s X s\ jd df kgd jkv hdIi hyk> ulm suekl d uhYQlu Oc lki d Lk> 4sl Lk? , s s s s , s \ s s\ uiv henkv dS kjrm jgkc d okx dS 4g kgj krgd jrjuf e hukgd dS s s a wa a T 4g hjWt kudIH elb ]g , X , k_k; hd <"sov7ekv g; 4dl jd oHquv kd ;o dfkr ]g krkuc kd jkl s s a , s l hg kekeji 4dl ukt kd jkpouf dfkr ]g hrjd kni kd jkpof hg kurp a s s , , s s 4kd ue g hrjd kni hg kurp 4g ;tekl dS phc d kjo rhjiof uoht s , , s , a s X 4xyef Cgu l tk[ Cgd go3sxSkt kg rgfkjrf hH ekj unf s X s s s a s s lm xn kIef l k;ufn kd <okj ikv unf ltf 4kn kIef l k;ufn <okj 4Sg s X s q s s s q fkp kukg Cgu <okj df g rjd /kjof >elku eg kr g rjHm ekj ji Lkc s T s s s T s Z s dy d <okj ct udfy 4g hrjHm ji hlm k[j nGl df g srukt o 4rjd , s s , s s T s s Cgu /kjof kd Lkc7d,y pc kr g kr[yf ji ZLkc ykd ct d{'f e yd s Z s s s , s s X w 4g <okj , skr Lkc dy kykd ]sxaSkt kg k[j nGl h;x hpC[ ji jkohn nGl hH ekj ku Z s , s s s s cf d <okj 4ji /d d <okj ]jkgl d <okj kr g rkg Idi jdkg j[i hH s s a s s s s T s s z s z ekj jxv jkv 4g hre? Znxf7nb dlm kFd hjkl dfk;D ]g d;ku <okj ]xg , , w Z s X , s X d o g rukt ku[yf kFd kt3g d;ku ekj df gd hg kurdf Bkd 4krdl y s T s s , s s p Cgu kucf d <okj ]g krdl yp kucf d ekj dfk;D 4g hrkt kg LcLx k s , s X , s \ \ Fd cl e uLkN kd <okj ]Cgu k/oflv rgc e uLkN kd ekj l e <;kekj X s s\ s q q X s s\ s s X 4g krkg Ikil 7kjkd kr kg kN , s s s s v ydcf henkv jxv 4hrdl kt h[yf Cgu hg kFd Bkd kr ji henkv Nv q s s s df sxgd o kr XNi l kykosu[yf kFd7eGf ]XNi l kjkdlk;im ]Ni sl kj X s s w s X w s X X w X kddIku ikv jxv4hrkg Cgu hxntV Bkd hd henkv Nv ]g rgd dufkKokue s s s T s , s 4g krpgi dr ;i jdukt rgc hiki d , qa q q fk;D 4kvg Cgu hiki hHd kt ]hrkg Cgu Bkjgx hd ;i d henkv <jk/kl g X q s s q s o g hrkg Bkjgx kt hd ;i dlm kr g krkg kek;i hHd hiki ct Syflb , s s q s s , s q 4g dG rgc kd 0fel ]kd lupjf ]e kurp lm g hrkv jrh , Z q 1 s X s , H jddIH jgkc kurp kt jkv ]e kurp lm h;x Cgu jgkc hHd kurp kt s s , X s s s ]gj uk; 4g hrkv liko jrhH kurp cr 4g Cgu Nd jgkc df g kryp kri s , s , q , slm jddIH7dIH hg jgkc jkv 4g hrkt jgkc hg kurp 4g ekd hg kd kur , , s , s p g; 4g hrjd kni kd ue kurp Syflb 4g Fkl d rhjiof rDf;Hfv cl , , s s , s
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4g krkj hH kdlm 4 kxkg Cgu uklkv Syf dikv tkv kutk[ kd rfe lb , s s s s 1 4k;x rhc ykd ruv Sdf utl dfk;D 4g <jkd dlm `k;df utl kdlb sl a Z X T s Z d df kxyp u kri hHd kdikv Sdf utlof kucf ]gj uk; jkv 4g krdl , s s Z s , , kg rtlof ld ue df jd Gf g; `kvg kni ld ue df jd re Gf g; s s , X q , s , X `g rpfm k;D kujd hH Nd dr cr ]kg u hji hjkdukt dr , q s w ct df g krgd henkv go udfsy 4g kgj n ykduf jgkc jdpC[ kd jhr e , wa s s T hHv ]kuy kxy kri Nhi er cl g; df krgd l henkv lm e ]g rgd 0c s s q s T , s q `g <jk/kl k; g k>c jgt jhr g; df kvkrc g; ygi `l ep , , q s s s fi df k;kv l cji jhr g; df kvkrc g; sygi `kjke uldf jhr g; df kv s w s s s krc g; ygi ]kdQ df gd henkv go kr waxy upC[ jhr l hrkN hdlm e s s s s s s T 4kg kl? jhr kyhjgt e hrkN hdltf kg l,t henkv lm er df g rgd 0c s q X s s q T s q `g krdl yef ld 'kdi df ky Ni g; l>e er hHv 4kuy tk[ Xe , s , z s w s q q s s nkc er go `kjxf k;D e jkd/v henkv g; df kpC[ re >e e rhprkc q X X a s s q X hd jkdc 4g rxlv kjln ]g rxl ykol g; `g krdl kt k;kt ld jgkc s , a w , a , s , d jkd/v df kNi g; kr kg kuNi jxv 4kjd re rkc hd F; ]g rgd 0 s a s w s s w s X Z T s c kr `kjxf k;D e jkd/v henkv g; df kF krNi Bkd jxv l 0c Syflb q s X X a w s s q `sxgj Sk[ eg dr cd df g g; ykol ji 4g ;ko X s , , Z ufv kuk[ 4g rL\i eyke Sx II rkj cl d uIky df Sx skg hlk;v urb s T s w w s s s , s sd uk[ eg k; ]k;k[ Cgu kd uiv kji sueg kr k; df g g; ykol hylv ` s s s s s w s , k;k[ kd suiv k;D ueg df g Cgu g; ykol 4g hjWt rgc kuk[ jkc rqgc s s X s , , q s 4g krdl Li e rchle r kr , \ X q w s kxn [l e jxv knk; llb kr Cgu ]kt r cv ]kgd u uhYQlu 4Cgu hg k wa q T s s w s ukt e uoht ue [l kurb 2kyef rgc ]Cgu Nd `Nd ]kgd u henkv lm X s T q q q q s 2g hjWt kuk[ Syf d uki3`kyef [l Nd ]kNi l Nhi d Lk> u uhYQlu , s s s q q w s s s \ s 2nko;/ kLc kjr 2kekeji g ]kgd jkv k \ s s , ;yf kxy l hrkN jdkOm ]k[n kvg kLi kyk> u jhev ]kpgi kvg kxkH hH s s q \ s s qa q jhev nkc <{ kn 4k;x kg kL[ sNhi d Lk> jkv k;nf [j lki d Lk? kyk> s s \ s \ , s s s\ s ulm 4kF kL\[ kLk? kdlm kgt k;x pgi lki d Lk> hlm uhYQlu jdxkH s s\ a qa s \ 4g kgj sn Snf [An jkv >e In g; jkv g kyd , q , s q q , wa uf sutk[ [l e 4g hgo Bked hd jHhxntV hje df g kgj kypf l jkt7j s q T , s , s s kt kvg krIhi hrkN sNhi rfiu/ go jkv sxkv uhYQlu 4kF kyeke kd kLkjd s q , X s\ 4kxy uLkn okx k s ,\ a jkl 4k;x xkt okx kji 4Sky[f jdDp hGkd ulm 4F rpfjfi d uhYQlu p a w s s s s wd7hyx d okx 2g kjIy g; ]g dkL henkv g; 2k;x je e ]k;x je e df s a , s q , w T T kxkH sNhi d uhYQlu ArokHo henkv go 4kvg kL[ xkH jdy hyF hdlm u s q \ s ,
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4kxkg xP kd suy[ rhjiof llm g xP kt kd s a q s , a s s uxy dfk;D ]g hrdl kt hyk[ Okx `hxy l,d Okx df g hjWt kuukt ]kg X , s a s a , d u {Hf lm `Wd k;D e kr ]kNi su 0c l {Hf dS `g hxy ld Okx d s q a T s w q s q T s , a f ]>el kucf g gj pC[ kd kOkx cl eg 4g dkujr[ kupC[ dr cr Skt k s T s s X a , ;yf >el u l dhO kd kOkx dr ct df kvg Fv g; kdlb kr ]kgd u 0c s s X a q Z s s q 4kxSkt kg ydfe kuy[ ]Cgu hxXy[ Okx llb ]g gj jd kt ik s q q q X a s T s s v ]kgd su {Hf dS 4C;x kg rcte jkv Okx l upC[ ArokHo 4kpC[ u 0 q s w , X a s s s c jdLdi kd ykeW lm jkv 4g krgkp kuyk[ e kd XkOkx ub ]kgd u 0c q \ s , wa s T s a s q 4g hxy Oakx Nd ji er Glf ]g kl,t dS T X q q Z , iWo3Cgu dG rgc e>e jkv eer 4kg er hg lS ]kvg kxy Okx g ykeW Z q X q , X q s q s s q a , kt g; ]kv{Hf df kgd u 0c 4g XOkx pki ji ykeW e jkll Glf 4g e j s s q s q T a a X a Z , X kll kt g krkg iWo hgo hH e <kouf 4g dG hg kurb e <kouf jkv jklal a s , s X Z , Z X Z , 4g hrxy ji T jhj' yod ]Crxy Cgu ji okHo d ykeW Okx dfk;D ]g hjiM rgc dG g s s X a X , q Z ; udfy 4g Okx cv jkv CF u XOkx e ykeW cr dfk;D ]k;x kg dG 4g gj s T X a , a X X s Z T s jd ''fkd hd suklG eg ikv udfsy g Cgu dG e iWo d ykeW hH jHp s a X , Z X s b ]hH kjt 4g hgo ykeW ]g Cgu ydcf dG kr rxiWo ]kgd u {Hf dS a , , q Z s s q `rxiWo ]g dG Bkd k;D e ykeW d cv ]g Bx xy Okx e ykeW ct j , Z s X s T X a X , kv ]e ykeW d cr CF hxy Cgu Okx e ykeW ct df g; kr dS 4g krgkp X s X a X s wa kuNi ykol kn ler e 4C;x xy Okx e ykeW lb ]kv{Hf3ykc jGf jkv w s s q T X a X X q s s , 2Cy kxy Okx pki e ykeW e IkUl ]l rfk' u 0c udfy 4g rkv jdy X a a X X s s a s q s T s s gjxo ykeW jxnkt dfk;D `g yk;[ kd suk[nf nkt Bkd k;D 2Bx kg krjqr , w X , w s s kv hLc ]krdlm hLc 4sxy sukxy Okx ji lm jdOc gxt hd uykc jGf jk \ q \ X a , s s , v Skv sy k;D ykeW kd e'j 4F u rkv e Fkg jdy Nd hHd 0c dfXk;D X s s s X s q q Sg rrfpV Lc {Hf 2C;kxy Okx pki ji lm ukgm jdOc 4kF ykeW kd e' q s \ q X a a s X , j dS e Fkg dum kr Sx uykc ct gcl phc d kv{Hf uiv unf dS 0c s X s s s s q s X q s q 4g hd utl k;fi hIm elm g k;fi , Z z X , z kt hd utlof df xaSkt ukt ikv kr xy [n kd utlof ikv ct 4g rdl s Z s s s X s s Z T s [n hHv ikv kd utlof jkv 4jd rtlof kd ue lb df g ;kim yjl dS s s Z , X s , udfy ]kg `kuc ld ue g; df Li re elm 4g k_k; hcy hLc go udfy s a s , X \ X , a \ s 2kvg Wq' <keuf kd ue jkv Bg ;fl kurp q Z , q s hdikv unf sygi kgt ]gxt lm aSkt rIky3xkg et d kjFi 4xSkt dp a s , s X s X s a q et d k/ki ]sxkg et d k/ki 4xaSkt dp et d kLkde7Lhd ]xkg et d s X , X s X , s q s X s\ s \ s X s X s\ kLkde7Lhd 4sxaSkt dp et d kvq'i ]sxkg et d kv'i 4xSkt dp et s \ q s X X s X q s a q d henkv ~ ~ ~ Skt rIky3aSkt rIky3 e Xket yNif uiv Iky ikv jxv s a s , s , X s s X ,
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uf 4g rkc thc kd [An Syf d a;o cl eg jkv 4g _' kuiv rDf; kykou T s s q s , , q s kc thc d [Aqn Syf d ;o 4rdl kt gd Cgu _ef uiv eg kr g krkg ry s s s a s s s s , s fG [An lltf ]kg rjd hH Nd klsS eg 4g hrdl kt hd reuf k"kHjfi hl q s X s q , 7hIkN dS 4g q_' kuiv df gd eg ldf jkv g _ef kuiv df gd eg sldf s , X s , , X ylG xIkd hgo thc xSkc kt s X s a s s 222g rki ukt ikv kd nH jkl d utlof7utl cr 22g T s s s s s Z Z , krkg ;pjfi l 'kdkv7jrv cr 2g kryef 'kdkv ky[ cr 4g rkt kg ji s s a , q T s s M ikv jkv g rkt IwN phu jkpof ct g hrkg ukLm dS hH e uk; hg slo , T s s , s \ X , 2g rkt IN sphu ynkc ct jkv ]jiM jkv jki d kynkc ]kg T s w , , s X X sLm ji tkgt Bkog hHd ikv lt3g hg hlsS ukLm hd ukt jki 4krki kg Cg \ s , , \ s s u 'oi jki dum 4g rkv Iky jdkt dr k;yfnc Glf eg hH jrhH suiv 2 s z s T s , X Z kF u 'kdkv Bkd Cgd ]F ynkc hg ynkc ]kF kv/ hg kv/ ]CF k;yfnc hg k s s a q a q a a ;yfnc 2kyef u hH 'kdkv Bkd3xgd hH ikv jdIky kr ]jd u jki kd k; s s X , s X s X yfnc ]aSkv Iky liko ikv djd tk[ hg kd k;yfnc jkv yef kdikv k;yfn , s s s X , X s a c3Gjr hd 'kdkv aSkyG kd suiv k; ]SkLm kd tkgt Bkog uiv ikv jxv , s a \ s s 4g krgd dhO go 4hyef u hH hHd kekv udfy 6kyef x , s kj Bkd k; ]hyef Rf1o Bkd ]hyef kulko Bkd ]kyef jkpof Bkd hHd kr k; s s s s s 4kyef u kekeji Bkd ]hyef u kekv Bkd s>e kr k;x jrhH hH ct udfy s s q s s 6k;x utk[ jkc rgc e ]g Bkd hH jrhH df jdul rkc s; ]g kgd u e s s q T , s q X , s 4kryp Cgu kri hH kd 'kdkv d jrhH S s g j?f l ue ]l kjkpof rfkH hlb 4rdl kg Cgu kucf d 'kdkv ]g rkg hg q s s s X a s s s T s s e 'kdkv hH ynkc j,kv 4g krgj kL[ sNhi d kynkc knl ]krkg k;x Cgu I X , \ s X s ef 'kdkv dfkykg3kryp Cgu kri kd 'kdkv ]g kryp kri kd kynkc cr a , X ji ]g rkt j?f ynkc e 'kdkv ct g kryp kri hHr kd 'kdkv d jgkc T s X , s 4g rgfj7ue ]rgfj7jkpof ]rgfj7?e ]rgfj7ynkc go g 'kdkv kt kd jrhH , s , s 4g hd utl k;fzi , Z hIm llm ]g k;fi kt hd utlof 4kF krdl jd hH utl go g krdl j s , z s Z Z , d utlof kt jkv g kykosujd uZtl hgo g krjd utlof kt `kF kvg kni Z s , , , Z s q , s , ld df <{ hlm ]sxukt ikv unf lm kxSkt kyp <{ ltf jkv `Skt kyp X , s , ld ue g; df Li e Gf lb ikv `kvg kn,i ld ue g; df Li u e Gf X \ X q s , X \ X lb ikv kr 4kxkg kd uxy xP kIm kdlm g xP kt kd uyk[ dfk;D 4kxS s s s a , a s s s X kt xy kri l uyk[ 4rkxy kri hg jdyk[ eg kr cr ]kgd u {Hf lm `C s s s s s s s q xy ld Okx df rkxy kri ld er kr Crkg hxy ygi ykd rgc jxv XOkx s , X a s s , q s s s q a udfy ]Cxy ld df g e yk;[ jkgr Syflb ]g hxy hHv Okx ]kgd u 0c s s , , X s q T X a s q
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4d [An g rkt /c jFi e kji 4rLi Cgu e s q T s a X X , s \ w yke Sg ry[f Cgd d naukv yG jkv g rkt yp ryG Ikd d ikrl ji u q s s w , T s s s , s a s a e tkj 4,g hrkt hyp hrkg hLc jkv ]Cgu hrId rkj tskj 4g krkt kyp krskg s s \ , , ku? [An tkj 4g rLi eyke Cgu rpgi hH Cgd jkv d kx d [An ;kol q s T s \ w s qa , s X s q f eg jdyp jHuoht 4g krdl kv e yk;[ kr [n kd uoht uiv cl eg , X s X s s s 4g krkg ryfG hg dju , s 3g rkv hg d kLhi jkv [Aqn ]g rkv hg d jgt kr g rkv yG ct Syflb T s s \ , T s s s , s 4g rev rgkp jkv g jgt rkc eg 4g Nd rkc ]g Nd rgkp eg 4g srkv T 1 s , T s s T q s s T q s T s llm g rkc kt eg 4yG rkv Cgu l gkp hjkeg df g hjWt huy >el sl T s s s s s , s _l lb rkc dS e /cl lb kr 4Cgu hHd krljc ji ]ljc hg [lkge ][ w X a a s s q q l df g rgkp hHl eg 2rfk' g kgd hryef udfy ]e uoht g rgkp rfk' T s a , a s X T s a hHl eg `nukv g kgd krkv udfsy ]e uoht Tg rgkp kuky nukv hHl eg a , a X s a 4g , Cgu utk;i Bkd kd kthc llm ]hF hd k;D kuid uikv `F Skc ld uikv s z s s X s s s s s , s thc df g krkrc hg yG 4hd thc g k{hji jkv g hIkld hg yG ]gj uk; , , , , , s `Skv ld oLd yG ]d rev F Skc thc kr ue s , s \ s 1 s s s s T df g rpkl jkv g rkrNi ]g rkg h[Aqn ikv n;k' kr g rkv e Fkg yG o T s s , T s T s s s T s X s Ld d ehu ct e j[fkv Syflb 4g ryduf l kthc Skc dikv yG 2ryd \ s X T s s X s s s uf Cgu yG l kuil dikv3sxXxy yG j/e Infko Bkd df kg gj y n;k' s X s q s X s s ikv uil skr g Snf kc d ehu suikv thc jxv ]gj r[n kuil hH Bkd ikv s T s s X s s s 4g hrkg ;r ji rkj ]Crkg Cgu ;r e ue ytfae T s s s X X 4g krpgi lum g kryp ji krkj udf 4henkv g krpgi Cgu l upkl 4hg , qa s , X , qa s s s jktkc kxpgi e ]g kgj kt Gjr hd hnu e df pkl hg kurdf e kr kxyp wa qa T wa T wa s T s wa ji rkj ykosukt Gjr hd jktkc udfy ]g kgj kt Gjr hd hnu df g krp s s s wa wa kl e ue 4g kgj kt Cgu Gjr hd hnu e 4g Cgu utk;i llb Bkd kd rkj s X wa T , s z s s s s 4 kg Bkuc jkv Bkd ytfe hd kuid e ue uiv ueg ;el rjd k_k; ]g kr s , s a X s s s , dl kg if|; 4kg hd u hg k_k; ueg hd kgt rpgi Cgu kgo eg 4g rjd k s s s a s qa a T s _k; eg hd kgt g rpgi Cgo eg 4g rjd hjk;r eg hdltf ]g rki hgo e a T s qa T s , T s g 4g rjd reuf kd uiv eg kt ]g rki hgo eg 4g ;kim Bkd kd uyef T s s s s T s , s s u ]g kryef u hH Nd eg rDjfrfv dlm g rkc eg kt e rxt lb udfy , q X s T s s s X . s 2g T Sg /yim d "of jkv d jgt yG df3 ;kHn kld eyke u ]d rev sF q s , s Z q , w s 1 Skc ueg kr thc ]g rpkl eg df g krkt kg kurb kylkG jlDv 4g gj s s s T s s , s T s Ikd ylG hd ruge Bx hd Fkl d kthc hg uiv eg df krgj Cgu hH nk; s s X s Xeg Syflb ]g krkt xy rDo rgc e uIkd ylG jkv e ukc thc hg rpf , q X s , X s s
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4hxIky liko go ] s , hn hykx uikv df g g; ykol 4hn hykx kdldf df g Cgu g; ykol 4hxuc s , s , s thc hH hykx Bg hn kd jFi 2ikv g gj kc thc jGf ]hykx h;x hn kd j q s T s s s Fi df xjd u hH yk;[ hHd jkv ]hykx hH kd jFi 4xn jWt hykx dS s X , s s X ikv hH kd jFi Sg Li ji rkj df g hg; kuokHl 4xSki pkl Cgu klS s q s \ s , a s a s s 4g krdl kg yG kd thc Sg Skc hldf df Xpkl klS ikv df g kuokHal ed , s q s s s , rgc hdlb kr Skt xy e ji jFi rDo ryp ji rkj kdikv jxv udfy q s X , s s s s 4h;x kg rkel y s lG hj[fkv g; 4pc u hH Nd thc Sg Skc je cv df ]kd Hi g k;nf sn s q q s s s s q z , nko;/ djd jkdeu tkv 4k;x kg kjkdIqN llm tkv ]hHd jFi kd hld s s s s f kF kjke 4kF k;x gj hdkc jkv thc kd "of kje dS g; lc ]kgd u ;'f , s s 4kg gj n nko;/ kd hldf lt F Sg Lkt Fkg jkdi lb Nd ikv X s s s s , s q s s\ z q jkv u[ ]kxy jFi ]hxy Ikp e ji 2F gj jd k;D ikv df g rNi sllm , w s X , s s T s w cr g krIky liko l uk; uiv ct ;'f 2g rkt gj L[ e hukjg {Hf g , , s s T s s \ X , q a s i o hFkl dlm 4g krkt kg uhy e okH7nukv hldf jdLkt Fkg Gjr hd ' s , s X a s\ kdkv ;'f 4g krxy ugc u[ ]ji rkj g krkt xy jFi dlm e ji l jk , s w s , s X , s s t 4g hlk;l gi7ln Fkl dlm 4g kgj jtqx l rkj dS ;'f dS kd 0c T a a s , s s q 4g hgj Iky liko hgo hF hd , , G hykx kt ueg df krkt gj Cgu hH yk;[ eg dr cr g hrIky dr ct X s s X , , 4g hrkv Iky jkv ]l kvk'nf hd jgkc g hrkjdI ufo 4g hrxy ;ov jsn , , , s X , , hLkF 4g hrkt yef eg jdkg ruforfi k;ufo Bg hdXG hg hjkeg jkv kjkp s\ T X s z a q s X 4g krkv Iky liko ji eg hgo g rd , , T s G eg kt df g g; hg _l kd uoht 4kxsxy suIky ji eg hgo ]xSkc eg kt X s , w , s a s s 4Skpg qa i u [An Bkd s>e udfsy ]Mkpgi [An kdcl e 4n u k[k/ Bkd >e jkv wan q s q a qa q s T s s s s q , k[k/ kdcl e 4Xy jd klkjH ji >e cl jkv Wd u klkjH ji hldf Te 4S s s T s q , a s a kt jd ezsi >e jln jkv Wd k<? kd jln e 4g hryp e ue jkeg3 kuek s q s w , a 1 s s w T , X s d oHlv hlS ]Skt n jnkv >e kjln jkv n hykx e39j;ktLf yclfkib n8 a s s s q w , wa T s a 4g krjd gkp oHlv hg hlS henkv ji 4g oHlv g; , a s , a 2xy suljc jiM dlm l 'kdkv jkl "h'kH' df gkp jkv dG k;yfkx G X s s s q s , s X a jr hdcl henkv dS 2aSkt kg _ef dlm xky jkl df gkp jkv Sky,G krq_' s s s s s , Gjr kjkp henkv 2gkp kuIkd ylG hd ei jkv Skc thc d k<? henkv d X s zs , s s 1 S 2gkp kuki rfk' jkv Skc thc d /k henkv dS ]g rkc hd hukjg rqgc s a , s s s , , 4g rkg 0lf _' uiv eg hg e uskc ry T s s q s X s x lm 4g rsy kc ryx Nd3g Cgu Bkd jkv dfk;D3hg eg ]eg Cgd u Cgd T s s q , s , X dfk;D 4g e 'kyr eg hd h'[ ltf ]e h'[ lm g rki jd Cgu ;u j,i X T X q X q T s 1
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kynf nk; Syfldf udfy 4kF kgj kynf nk; kd kyc k;yfkx hukji Glf ]kF s s X , a q Z kgj n Cgu k;yfkx kd kyc r df g kgj y hg uke e 4Mkv u hHd jGf o s a s X , w wa s T a kx lb kjkcn e ]g krdl kg3kgd u llht 4g krkt jxf ji n[ kr k[k/ e a q T , s s , q s s rfv 4g kgj n k[k/ kd uiv r ]g Cgu ktg rgc llb n k[k/ >e r jkv a , s s s s w , Z q s s s s q w , 4g kgj n k[k/ hH s>e r 6g kgj n Cgu k[k/ hg kd kyc r 3kgd u llht , s s q w , s s s X , w s 4kyp l htr kjt ]kIc jk; je cv 4kF krjd k;nf ygi gr e s s s s s s s s s X q T hlS ]Cn k;yfkx gr sue g; ]yc k[n3l kyc kgd ulm 4hync rkc ujkG s a X q T , s s s X , s , jkv kd llht k[n sulm `BkH je g k;D g;3kgd jdkg L[ u llht 4kd k , s s s s , s s \ s s X yc g kgj n k;yfkx jk/kv/ go 4e rkj kxSkt yef jGf henkv g; df kF , , s a qa X s Cgu hH kri kdlm 4F gj yduf liko l okx lm llht nkc uhge jkp7uh s s s s a s r Bkd 4kvg rk' kdlm ue ]kvg kdg kyeke ]kvg kGn7kGj 4Cy ykduf Xe s q a q q unf dS hurm hF hdkj hurtf unf jkp 4hn jd W' hun liko ulm hykx s q s s 4h;x s kg rchle dS kr g; 4ykHl kd n[ df XykHl kd kyc 4gj rkt kd uiv q s X a s q a s X , X s s s s df rkt kd kyc 4[j kd un u hykx df [j kd ukyp hLkxyc cklgf 4k;x X s s X , X s s X s \ , kg ydfe kukv l hLkxyc 4xaSkt Li e rchle eg kr lS ]hH kLkN ]kgd s q s \ , s \ X q s s s s s\ ulm 4k;kv Iky liko gxt huiv henkv go 4kvg <h{ okHi e unf jkp7kn s , q z X s 2l >el ]g hrkg IokdQ 4Crkg Cgu IokdQ Bkd e k;ufn l keld udfy s , s s X s X q s X s ]kdkj kd suiv l ruge hLc u henkv unf jkp7kn 4Sx yp okx jln llht s s s s \ s s s a s w 4kxn Cgu hyk wa x kd kyc ub ]g kry eld e df kgd jkv SN ji dum ulm 4k[n kd rf s X , wa s T , q , s s s s a k' hdum ]kd nukv dum ]k[n kd k[kv hd llht ]k[n u henkv lm Gjr s a s s s X a s s hd llht 2LkN kun hykx g; 4kxLi e nkl sxge wr 4hxIky kr hykx udfy s\ s s \ X s , a s , s s ]rdl kIky Cgu hykx o dfp udfsy 4krkt kg hHv kjkIiuf dfk;D ]kF kjr s , s wa s X [ ed kr rdl kIky hykx o jxv ]g kgj sn r hykx kd kyc ]kgd u llht s s , s , w s X , s 4ky krl s kdlb kLkF df g krype ynf kjkeg df k[nf jkted 4kg u hH rjWt Bkd s s\ , s s s ct ]g rn hykx rDoc eg 4g rn hykx cl eg jd[n kd jkted l uiv T s s s T s s s s s s s Syflb `g k;D Ztg e usn hykx lm krdl kIky Cgu liko hykx henkv kt , X s s , s 4g hg klsS ydcf r<fx kjkeg 4g krgd dhO henkv go 2k , q , xsLxcf k;D kje ]xXn kIky Cgu kr liko hykx >qe yc Bkd df g krgd henk \ s s , s s , s , v go `g kgj jd k;D g; r ]yxki ]g rgd j,kv g rdkj lm llht 4sl k; , w T s T s s s X yfkx g kgj kuc /cl djfrkv Lc 4g kgj n k;yfkx hngc kd kyc uiv hen , a a a s \ , s a w s s X , s kv go 4l rkj d okx g ryduf llht 4jdrkt e hLkxyc huiv ]g y'd s s s a T s s X \ , , q hg rgc e un hykx kd Xkyc ukldf <hekx <jk/kl kd okx df ue ,g kuql q X s s s , z a s T
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klgf ryx kt jrhH dikv kr aSkt jtx l lki dum ikv jkv kg ryx G s s s q s s , X Z lf ]kg gj jd Cgu hH Nd ]kg Oc ikpiqp Glf ]kg db gxt dS xky ry X s q X s , Z X s s x jxv df g krkv e yk;[ jkv ji kxjr erel g kryp ekd rgc hHv , X , X a w , q 4x s Sk[ kdD/ ji rkj ryx o xaSkv hH xky kt e okHi d kxjr um 4Tg hry a s s s s s X z s X a , X a G xjr o 4jkv kjkp uiv g rjd kni Xxjr el rgc ikv 4 hg xkg ek<j s s X s T s , a w q s X fi sdlm 4g Cgu hek<jfiuf kuI? hH Bkd e rxt lb udfy 4ek<jfi kdlb , s X . s kxkg Cgu hH Nd df sxXpkl ikv n;k' kr cr kg hul u u hldf jkv kg hn s q ss s s q s , s hykx e ydv uikv jxv 2g krdl kg k;D7k;D l hykx Bg hn hl7hIkN dS X s s s , s s q s 4kxSkt yG dr jwn , 7jn go cv 4kLi yp go cv 4thc go k;kc hg uikv 4jgy o C;kOm uikv w \ s s X s s `kxkg jknetf ukd jkv 4sxSkt kg jknetf ikv Syf d urm ]e _r d s s , , a s s s s X a s oof lb kxSkt kg rgfv kurtf jkv 4g krdl kg rgfv ;huidv ]g krgd s , , s wa T e `l hykx dS g krdl kg rgfv kurdf ]sxgd ikv 2Sx kg jkoetf ikv s , s X s s Syf d rgfv jkl surm kxkg l hykx lm rgfv kurtf jkv 2hxSN kd kjk s s s s , a q s X s N d jn urdf eyke u so 4CLi yp o bg kni xjr kt ]9lifjf8 kt hd hy s w s w \ s q , X a s s kx lm udfy ]xy ujd hH Nd k; xy uPi krhx ikv jGf3h;x kg e[ rk s s s q s s \ s c ]hn n hykx uikv3g rkt hH dqp djd kr eg~ ~ ~ g rjd kt eg hg slS s s T s s s T s s s 4dr ruv g hrk a T t hyp hryp jgy 4g hrkt yduf ji k_k; dr jn7jn jgy Bg hOm ji gr X T w w X q l hd yh> udfy ]e jH<{ g krkt Oc phu kr jFi hg rLi Ikp 2n dG s X , , s s s \ s s X jFi e yh> rk' Bkd ]e yh> df lt3kryp Cgu hH kri eg ]g krkt k X a s X s , X , yp kryG jgt jGf 4Fkl d kxky erjn jGf ]g hruc kr_' Fkl d kxky , s X s w , q s X s erIduf uiv jGf 4g krkg okyG kdlm jGf 4g kr_' Fkl uiv iki kygi s , s , , q s 4kxsn kuc jk/kv d [An Syf dcl go g kgj kuc jk/kv d [An hg Syf uiv k s q s , s q s s t ]Cgu _ef hH kuiv kt `kxdl kg ld kr _ef kd hldf go g _' kuiv s s s s , s , q kt jkv 4g dek/v henkv hgo ]g _' kuiv henkv kt ]kuy [n l dhO kr s , , , q s s s s s 4g rjd reuf k;Pfhl hd ujrm e [Aqn hg T s a \ s X s uiv ]g rykL e [An hg kd suiv eg lltf g rjd klS Nd eg 4g rkt T s X q s s T s s q T s kg _' uiv eg 4g krkt Cgu cklgfc hH Nd e rxt lb 4g cklgf kd pb s q s , s q X . , a 7pb 4g huIkd eg ylG hdlm ]g gj kc eg hH kt go 4g uxkH eg yG e a , X T s s s T s s X rfv dfk;D 4g gj jd Fkl hg uiv eg l iW defFki 4hdikv g rfkH g; a X T s s s z , az ]g gj jd Fkl d jln hldf eg kr g gj jd kjc Nd eg hH ct e uoht T s s s w s T s q q X 4g kgj n k[k/ hg kd uiv r u , s s s s w dfy ]g Cgu Fv rgc kdlb3n k[k/ kd kyc r df n k[k/ >e r `kF kgj s , Z q s s s X , w s s s q w
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v kLc l sudq> jkv 4Tg rn jlov dS kd sud> hH kdlm ikv kr g rn kd \ s , s s q s s T s s q > jlf jdLkt Fkg kukn uekl d hldf ikv ct 4g krky jiM hH slm g O s\ X s s s , , sJ kt jrhH d jlwn jkv 4g krky jiM kdlm g OJ kt jrhH dikv <je s s s , , s , s s s kd qHi k; kuekd hd yxe 4g krkg reuf l kvkuI? hIkN7hIkN rgc uoht z a , s s X s s q 4g krLi k , \ uy jd ekj7ekj kGn lhpi e gkj kr jtx l gkj hd okx ukji jxv jkv s X s X q s a s q , 4kxSkv jiM Nd hH jrhH dlm 49ekj7ekj83kxgd hH go e jRm udfy skg q s s X s u hH krukt jkv kg u hH kruke kd ekj n;k' henkv go ]g krdl kg jk , s s , s , v 4h;x hd kni hL? hd <je d Hi 4h;x hd kni kuekd7H' dS ji sdke , \ s q z , q , lb ]Cgu kLkN kd dke lb 4h;x uc kuI? hd <je d Hi hxntke hd hen s\ s s , s q z w , kv lm 4k;df <je kd Hi jd[n kd henkv lm ukgm 4xSkt jtx jd[sn q z s s s X s a q hH kd kerfi hd ekj e henkv lm go ]xjd Cgu <jkpm Glf go ]g ru s z X s X Z T s kt kujd jkdeu l dhO kt 4k;df <je kd Hi ueg jd[n kd henkv lm s s q z s s s 4hdl kt h;kuc Cgu Cgd e k;ufn n;k' kt ]hF h;kuc k;fi hd X q s z s ugd 9ekj7ekj8 hH kd henkv uktuv Sg ryp ji gkj e de lb Syflb s q s X q 4g krkt jH , l kuekd hd yxe Syf jkgr hH go 4kg rjd kni uforfi ]luktjf hH jr s a s q s s , z X s hH dlm er kr kg rjd kuekd hd yxe Syf d hldf er ct df g; kn; s q s s s a s q kG kjln j,kv 4e k'nf hd yxe hxSkt kg rtfk;uf rDf' hjkgr 4kxyef u w X a s s q s jlov kd ujd yk;[ kjc gr 4kxyef u jlov kd un hykx gr df g; k s q X q s s s X q s r kygi 4g n;kG kn dlb ]kgd su 0c `kn;kG k;D llb ]kNi u {Hf dS T s s s q s w s q 4kujtx sl gk q j djd kuekd hd yxe l lki dlm kr ]uktuv Skt [nf jhxgkj 4kujtx s a s s s q s l Iduf dlm djd kuekd hd yxe kr Skt [nf hH Lkgi 4kujtx l lki s s a s \ q s sdlm djd kuekd hd yxe hdlm kr Skt yef hH {o 4kujd kuekd hd y s a s 1 xae hdlm [nf Bkd ji gkj ]I? lhckp er df F srgd l kv{{f uiv 0c s s s a , q s s X q s q 4g Cgu kri Nd eg ]kxSkt kc kd kIkd dr jn hurdf , q X s s X a w n' k;x kykc ryx kl7kIkN dS 4g gj jd Nd u Nd I? lhckp eg jkv s s T s q q s a , , 4g ydfe kukxy cklgf df g rkg jrv erel urb e kvkuokHl hdikv , q T s s a w s X X a 4g krkt kv jiM klgf OJ kdikv ]g krkt cn phu klgf ryx , s , s kdikv 4g hrI? kuI? hjln kr g rjtqx l lki d kxky ub ikv ct3kg sO , w s T s s s X s X c hg uke Glf df ]kg rht e /axl hd kyG d kokHnl hldf df ]kg srkx r , , Z X s X q X w s X . X hx kd Hi df ]kg rjd <je kd Hzi ]gxt dS kg Oc xky Nv Nd jxv q z X s q X s , s s q 4g jrhH dikv sl T s gf kukn 4g krkt cn sphu go g klgf dhO kt j,kv 4g krkt kv jiM go g X s , , s , ,
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srdl kt gd hxk; eg 2g Cgu hH Bkd jkv Fko eji knk; lub ]g krg s , s , s wa d likv e udfy ]g hxk; ydcf xky ; df kxxy eg l jiM 4Cgu cklgf s T s T q s s s X s Bkd kdltf df g rkuc krkj kd nukv urb ]hg Syf uiv ]Syf uiv xky s T s a s s s s s , lt Ibk k; jhokge k; 0c k; < 4kxkg W' kuuc jk/kv kd kr_ef hu q s q iv kr xkg xtl rfi d kr_' huiv 4sxkg xtl rfi dlb ikv df kxgkp Te s s X z s q X z s wa 4sxjd hgo jGf yd ]xjd hgo X s X jGf tkv 2hgo kF k;df hH klji ]hgo kF k;df yd3kukji 4jd yH h;u /k X q X w dS df Cgu hH 0fc hurb 4g rkt yp Sdf eg hg ywH hukji lc ]g ed r q T s s X q T gc hH henkv hjkdofkv ykosujd XywH h;u 2dp hgo ]yH hgo39u'hIhijf y q s X w X w dufde8 dS3g rht eg hlt ]hrL\i ewyke Cgu knk; l rDfQui dS hxntV s s T s , s q 2rfkH hd _; a a g rkt yp Skjgkn cl hgo 4g rjtqx jd jGf ikv ]g kdp n dD/ e kL T s s s T s , q s s X \ hi jkc jktg kdikv kt jkgo; hgo 4g rn gd jGf ikv ]g hdp ykL e y s s T s s , q X dfe jkc jktg kdikv kt rkc hgo 4g rki [An djd kd kekd ub eg df q s s T s q s s X ]kd uoht g rki >el Cgu dr l dhO eg hHd udfy 4g dp ki jkc jktg T s Z s s T s q 4g rki [An eg lutf ]g gj jd ekd jktg eg e unf 4g krki [An hg Te T s q s T s X wa q s lltf g krjd ekd l ukd7ukd lS e df Sgfkp kuy [j cklgf kuiv kr wa s , , s s T s s 4yef [An kd a;o lltf s q s s ]krdl jd Cgu ekd hH Bkd klsS go cv 4k;x kg dek/ go k;x kg _ef k s s s uiv kt 4g kuI? hLc rgc kukt kg _ef kuiv jkv 4g krkt kg _ef kuiv s , \ q s , , s go 4krdl jH Cgu l kuekd hd [An Syf uiv go kg kjH l kuekd hd [ s q s s s q l hH Syf d kjlwn kt `g krdl jH ld l yxev Syf uiv go kg kjH sl s X s , s , s a s s yxe Syf d kjln rDf; kt jkv 4g kryp krjd uikK kd krKr jkv k a s X w s , , s X jkp suiv ]g kvg kjH l ueu jkv kjkp suiv kt 4g krjd kuekd hd H' j , q s s X s , q kv kjkp uiv ]g krjd okyG kd yxe jkv kjkp uiv kt g hgo _ef kuiv s X s , , a s X s s , 4g rkt kg hH o 4Skt T s s s a kg u ljki Syf jkeg xky hdkc df g oHlv g; kr g rjd ekd kd ljki s s s , a s T s jxv Gjr kjkp uiv eg 4g rht e k/cl eg 4g i'fu'yjf ]g /cl uoht X s T s X X a a , s , a a 4g krkt uc ljki Syf dikv hH kjln kr g rjd ekd kd ljki Syf d , s w s T s s hldf ikv ct jkv 4k;nf kuc kukl suikv Nd jrhH dlm ]k;df ekd kd l , s q s jki Syf dlm uikv kr kjtqx l lki dikv henkv go 4xSki dG hH Xe he s s s s s s a Z nkv lm jkv xaSki dG hH e uiv ikv kr g Gjr hjln kekeji df dl j , s Z X s s , w X d hH kuid jxv jkv ]aSkd> jlf djd jkdeu doi;n kd hldf ct df , q s Z w s kujd yk;[ ikv cv udfsy ]kg k;df ku k; kg k;df yk;[ uikv hHd jkv s s s , 4Sgfkp jlf kvg kLdv Syf d sun hykx 4krki n Cgu hykx jlf kvg kd> q \ s s s q q 4krki pkl Cgu kjc Nd jlf kvg kd> dfk;D g Cgu kjln e rxt lb jlo s q q q q X , w X .
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hldf u rDf; hldf dr tkv 2k[sn Cgu df g krgd e ji 4k[n kd kxky r s wa T s s X s q gc ]sxgd ikv `k[n rje kd henkv hldf uikv df k;df yk;[ uikv hHd X s s s s s 4g hrkt gj "' hg 9hIy , s fjkeb83g krkt gj "' hg oev ]hg rev jkv g hrkt kg rgfkjrf ;e u , s 1 1 , , s s q 1 nf lm ]g rsy ukt g; eg unf ltf jkv 4g ;e hg ukKv Xe Fv lb 4g kr T s , , q 1 Z , Li Bk[nf kvg krje go krje Cgu kt 4g L[ e ukKv ]g L[ e j/v eg \ q s T s \ X T s \ X ss a 4g hrLi eyke ;e tkj udfy ]Cgu hxkg hHd kt , \ w q 1 s s s s ]Cgu Bg hHd kt ]hrdl Cgu hg kg kt g kuI? oHlv d/fkol ji hoi lb q s s s , a Z 1 q 1 , ;e 4g oHalv ;e 4g hrLi eyke ;e Syflb srukt Cgu eg 4Cgu hg g q 1 , \ w q 1 , Cgd q;e df kvg Fv kdlb ]g q;e ukKv 4g krdl kg rev ukK hg kr 1 q Z , 1 , s 1 s ]g ;e ukKv jxv `g q;e hg ukKv df kdlb kvqg Fv k;D 49FL tb ljk , q 1 , 1 Z s \ Xs ub8 ]g q;e hg ukKv 4g Cgu q;e Bkd jkv rDjfrfv d ukKv e rxt lb , 1 , 1 s , s X . dkyji jkv ;1e s , q

2g [j jd kFkg suiv ueg kt g nc rkj cl3 T s X s s T a s g nc hH rkj d jiM ]jwn kr rkc hd kxjl udfy 4dl kt e pp l ntf T a s s s X aq s X X Z s e k; ]jnfe l jk}Qqx ykdr kr Skt kv rke hd hldf hH hHd df Sgfkp h a s s s , ukg xjl hykouLkt kd jnfe l phu d jk}Qx jg jkv 4dl kt e ntfe sl s a q s s\ s a s s s s q , s X jnfe hH Bkd lutf ]Sgfkp hukg xjl phu d ntfe jkv jnfe jg skr Cgu a s s s aq s s , a 4kgj Cgu <je Bkd eg kdum g rLkn _l d /cl djfrkv rgc kt d p s X T s ,\ w s a a a q s s hc eub df phc dcl ub g hn jd hL[ jkohn hlS u ke/ rFfdkFr udfy X s T \ X s s s 4g krk>el jhcd Bkd kd ukrngV , s q upo k;x kgd kd lkvky e uhp hHd jkv g krkt k>el e uhp upo kd s s X , , X 0c hHd 4g krjd jhdG hng; Bkd k;k; hd _l hldf d no hHd ],g hr q , w s w s s kg e nso k;k; hd _l hldf d ukjd hHd 4g hrkg e krhx k;k; hd ;D s X w s q , s X ko hldf d ycfbkc jkv g hrkg e ycfbkc k;k; hd ;Dko hldf d < d s , , s X s f g krkg jknste klS jkc Bd 4Skt kv e >el _l kd e/ kr y >el sl , s s X w Z s X dhO kd ;Dko lb jxv jkv 94jd Fkl dikv jln df rgkp Cgu ikv kt ]Xj s , X s s w s s d re go Fkl d kjln8 ]g upo hg dS jkl kd ycfbkc h;u hji hd llht s X w , w 4g sr T s y kpc kdlm g dFkl kt ]g rn LkN kdcl lm g F; kt g; 4g xky jk; s , Z s T s s s\ s , Z s T s 'fkg rgc s; rdV ]g ry jd kdb kd jpd lm g F; kt jkv g rn jd s q q T s s s s , Z s , T s s xk; kdlm ]g <ioge hH kt eg 4g Cgu hH Bkd Pe knk; leg dfk;D g , Z w s , s w\ s X T
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ukKv g; 4krdl Cgu kg kt g rsy >el ukK kd ukK d jln eg jkv ]kr s s T s s s s w , dl Cgu kg df kt g ry jd ;pjfi kuiv eg 4g xsky chtv Lc eg udfy s s T s s T s \ s 4g Cgu 'oi jrhH d jln dfk , s z s s w X ;D krkg Cgu Syflb ukK kd jln 4Cgu ;kim kd ue? jgkc uiv dfk;D krk s s w s w s X s g Cgu Syflb ;pjfi kuiv 4g krkg ukK kuiv ]g krkg ;pjfi kd jln 4krk , s , s s w s g Cgu ukK kd jlwn jkv ]krkg Cgu ;pjfi kuiv df g rkc hd te rgc g; s , s , s q 49g e8 kgt3g krdl kt gxt hg dS Glf kr jrhH ]kr wa T a wa Z s dl kt Cgu kr jrhH ]g krdl ukt l jiM7jiM 4g krdl jd hg ;pjfi3 s wa s wa g krdl e? jgkc Glf ]krdl kg Cgu 'soi kje jrhH dlm g UHf skt l u wa w Z s z s s , s s iv dfk;D g krdl kd uiv Glf kr ukt~ ~ ~ 4g ;pjfi ]lIoDv Glf go X wa s s Z s , X X Z g krukt e hH ltf dFi l uiv 4Cgu ukK ]g ;pjfi cl hdkc ]g e go ] wa T s . 1 s s , wa T g krdl kg kd thp hg dS Glf kr ukK 4;pjfi jkv ukK3lIoDv jkv ty , s Z s , X X , s ku ]g Sdf lgf kn d ukK u ylj 4Cgu ukK ]g ;pjfi cl hdkc 92Cgu ] T s s s s , tyku8 ]g 9u'eGb83g aSkupl cl hdkc ]ukK kd a;o3g dS Glf kr ukK s T T w , Z s `Sgfkp k;D jkv ]g hxLf hd hIlouf; , , z w lki je 4g hukK e df g kry uke go ]g krkg IdGfIl lki d hukK rF s s wa T , s , s s s fdkFr 4g krjd tk[ hd ukK go ]krkg Cgu IdGfIl lki d henkv hukKv , s s s s 4hrLi eyke Cgu rjWt Bkd hd t \ w s k[ hd ukK hylv Syflb sxy su>el ukK xky kd IdGfIl d ;yk|ofoo s s s s s f df g g; <jkd 4dlb g <jkd 4kvg Cgu ed ]g kPc kurm ukKv ]Snf I , s T q , \ dGfIl surtf u ;yk|ofoof ]g g; kr pl 4g Cgu IdGfIl Bkd kd ;yk s s , s , s s |ofoof 4g hyef Cgu hzxLf hd hIloufw; ltf df Cgu g; cyre kd hukKv , s 4g hukKv go ]ku , kt Cgu kd or hldf sultf jrhH uiv xyv l jhj' 4Sx je df kxkg "d s s s s Z uf ArokHo cr ]kxSkt kg ;k; d sukyt ]kxkg rkel jhj' ct Syflb 4g s s s s wa jhj' e df g hg; oHuv kjkeg 4k;df Cgu oHuv kd orfv hldf xyv T , q q sl jhj' d jrhH uiv hHd ueg dfXk;D `g hrLi eyke k;D 4g hrLi eyke s s s , \ w X , \ w q 1 X ;e eg h;knof udfsy 4g krkg knof l jhj' yod 4krkg Cgu rkel uoht , s s s s 4hx Skt kg rgfkjrf jrhH jGf hytcf ]xSkcn uIc jGf 4hxSkv Iky liko jGf s s s a , hytcf ]kxcn uIc jGf 4h;x Cgu je 4h;x kg Idiv cv ]hF Idi 4h;x skg s s z z rD;Hfuv cv ]hF rD;Hfv hytcf kxgd go ]g krukt kt 4h;x je hyt s , s cf kxgd go ]krukt Cgu kt 4k;x >c cc kd hytcf ]ueg k;kcn uIc slt s s q s , 4Cgu hd uje ]g k;fi hd sukt kg knof d uoht yod go s , z s s s g r[n eg kt 4hxkg Cgu h[n dr tkv k;fi hd uje 4k[n Cgu rje kd T s s s s s z s s s s
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4srk t kg ryx cl kujo ]g hgl IdGfIl jkeg Syflb ]krukt Cgu kuIky hen s T s s , kv dfp jkv 4g <{y d ukg knof Glf ]<{y d q;1e df k;x kg Gkl sll wa , T s s s Z s s m ]k[n ue kt unf lm dfk;D 4hH kd hldf kdl n Cgu IdGfIl kd ;e s s T s X s s s q 1 jGf e l unf lm df g k[yf e k<jel uiv u jIDkL dS l eum ]udfy T s , X X a s s s X s 4rukt Cgu eg sxkv dlm 4hF h;x I? rke ]sF ru s s , s kt eg dr kgt ]kgd ukgm 4g rsn IdGfIl kd uje kd henkv kntV ]g t a s X T s s s s T klykt Lc ikv `uke k;D e /cl d IdGfIl dikv e cv ]kgd ulm 2k; s \ wa X a a s s s T s x Oc jdOm ]kxy hH uykc go ]hyk[ hH [kv u henkv lm ]kgc jGf u[ , s s s a s w ]hyp jGf udL/ ]hyp jGf lko 4k;kv Iky liko cl nkc Iuef ln jGf \ , 2k;x je e df kun n 9IdGfIfl FL8 djd T s s s Z s s u[rn df F Sx gd hxsk;c dfk;D Sdf u[rn ]k[yf u ln um 2k;x s z X s je henkv df k;nf gd u k_; erel cl ]g Cgu udL/ hd ;n ]h;x skg s X a w , \ nc hLku ]k;x jxf ikr ]hgj Cgu rfx e u[ ]krdl Cgu ykc ]Cgu lko 4 a \ X w s s F Sx kg jwi ]lki d _k'kldfpf ]g <{y hH kt d q;e dfk;D ]k;x je s s s T s s 1 X henkv g; df k[yf IdGfIl sukgtf 4F nwtke jIDkL ln e hIlouf; kRd s X s , X w yd 4F rkt je Syf d Iuef ln go 4F Sk[nf djd xk;i d uje e hIl s s s s s s z s s X oufw; uwxj jkv kRdyd ]hIloufw; LkGlDkv u /kl dS ]hxk;c e <{fn a , Z s s q s z X 4Cgu <jkd Bkd kd u>el klsS ]k;x je Syflb ]g kgj ki ykc s s , s Cgu 2Cgu <{y kd rfel uke udfsy ]k;x je df g ry >el eg kr Skt , T s s s gj uke jxv jkv Cgu kje ku>el kr n jRm go jxv `Sx je ]kNi sl he , , s s s w nkv Sg je 4g Cgu dhO gxt hHl rkc hd su>el <{y kd rfel kd uke q s , s , 2kxkg krn jRm e 9kg8 df g ry uke Syflb 4krn Cgu jRm go s s X a T s s s udfy `Sx je df ]kNi l ykouje hldf hHd udfy 4kxaWe hH e kr g rj s w s s s s T s T s e cl df g rsy kxy cklgf jd[n r>c ]jd[n rje kd kjln eg 4g oHu T s s s q s s s X w , q v kd rev cr 4g krje e ;e u ]krkg rofht Xe uoht u3g krkg Idziv 1 , X q 1 s , s Xe Idiv u ]krkg Idi e Idi u go g ;l kvg kiNf jrhH d iW kt go z s z X z , q s s 4g krkg Idiv jkv krkg Idi iW ZGlf ]hrkg Id , s z , s z s z T iv e u ]hrkg Idi e u 4g hgo e hH e Idiv ]g hgo e hH e Idi df s z T wa T X z wa T X z y u ukpgi rfk; df dr ct ]g krdl yp ruv e kd ukg Idiv7Idi s s , a s s z z g; 4g hrdl kg uhy jGf ]g hrdl kg Idi jGf 4g hrkt kg uhy e ;1nv , s , s z , s X ]g hrkt kg knof l _{ d u[sn 4hrLi Bk[nf Cgu cv ]rfk; hF hrLi Bk[ , s s s s s \ s \ nf 4Cgu krje Bkd3g krkt >c k;hn ]lc 4ku>c kd ;hn ]g Fv kd <kouf s , q q s , Z Z 4<kouf3g n' go ]g k;df xk;im kd n' dhO u 0c Syflb 2Cgu rje Z , , s s q s 3r>c 2g r[n r>c kd rDf; dS ikv ct3g q;e e ukKv 4g rfFf hd s q T s s s q s , 1 X ,
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4g Cgu ;kim Bkd kd , s q 1 ;e hdlm ]g jev Fkni Syflb 4g Cgu hg rofht ct ]kxje ld Fkni 4g , Z , s s , Z , krdl je hgo kg rofht kt 4g Cgu hg rofht go df g jev Syflb Fkni s s , , Z 4g jev hH kurp jkv g jev hH Fkni 4g jev ku , s , , Z , rp jkv g krje Fkni df kupkl re klS jkv 4hg g jev kurp 4g Cgu r s , , Z s s , , s , jWt hd ujd jev l thp hldf ]hg g jev henkv 2xSki tk[ u hHd o 4 s s , s a s s kxSkt kg jev henkv lltf ]or go g gj tk[ eg df g rgd Iefsdyv s s T s s T s 4g rkt kg /yim k T s s s d rev hukK 4Cgu rv Bkd ]Cgu Hjki Bkd kdltf3g krkt Li Bk[nf ;l 1 a s a z s , \ go Cgu q;e Bkd hdltf 4g krkt kg /yim rev go kr hd ;o Skt y 1 s , s 1 s a ef dy> g; hH <{ dS jkv g krukt kd ;o jdLkN kd e;ke d k;fb , , s a s\ s s X a hukK 2jdLkN kd e;ke d k;fb ]Cgu l e;ke d k;fb3jddjl Nhi d s\ s s X a s s X a s s X a k;fb ]Cgu kjk} d k;fb go ]g ;kim hg dS kd uukt kd ktM uoht lb s X a , s s Z 4krdl n Cgu hgkox hdlm _; Bkd Syflb 4g ;fCrv3g ddfbklkji k s a s , , , Z tM uoht 4krki Ldi Cgu hH _a; jGf kdlm ]ddfbklkji 3jki d k;fb hu \ s , s X a k; ];fCrv ]Cgu el3g ;fCrv kt udfsy 4g kry Ldi _; kr ]kg jgkc w , s , s \ a s s d Ldi hd ;fb ]kg el 4krki Ldi Cgu hH _; lm g ;fCrv kt udfy s \ a s w \ a s , s s 2kr g krkg el ]g krsy Ldi lm hHd7hHd _; ]Crki Ldi Cgu ltf k;fb s , s w , \ s a \ s a a 4g la'IlDS cl 4kg u jkrof ]kg ;v l k;fb hjkeg kt kuc Cgu T X s s s X a s _; hH dS dr cv 4g jkrof d k;fb hjkeg _a; jkl 4k;x kg jkrof kd a T s X a s s Fkg je kLL kr MqN kdikv llm jkv y Ldi Xe Fkg kLL dS e 4krdl ss a s a s s , wa \ a T Cgu N kdikv e jdOc l kg; ]g Fkg kje 4g jkrof kd ukd go ]k;kuc u w s T , s a , s , s kGhyI kr ]g ukd 4g hrn jd BkGhue kd [kv kt g jkrof kd [kv go 4 s s , , s s s a s , a Bkuc uhcn[ jkv uhcjn ueg kr ]g [kv 4g jkrof kd k;fb hg hjkeg _; Z q , w s s , a , X a a 4g Cgu knk; l u'IlDS d k;fb _a; Xe ylv 4Crki kxy C T s X s X a gu kri k;fb ]rki kxy Cgu kri _; jGf kr Skt Ldlf kekv kgt g ukF a a s a s q\ a , x go jrhH d cl eg 4jgkc d sylk? g krkv Lm e 'kdkv d uoht j q s s X wa \ X s Gf ]kd k[i g krsn yk[ jGf 4g krkv Iky liko Syflb ]hg g e kr krkg s X a wa s wa , wa T s s 4rki Ldi Cgu _a; jkgr kgt kgo ]jrhH3jrhH3kd uoht g kry Lkdlf Te s \ s q a a s wa s s\ 2lsS3Skt Oc e sylk? uiv jkv jdLkdlf kd s , X X s , s\ s k[i uiv h{i l,t ]sy jd nc kd k;Lf[ai huiv yG df lt ]y Lkdlf kd X a s s a s X \q w s , s s\ s k<jdf huiv tjl df l,t3kd uoht suiv g kry Lkdlf Glf e df rgd g X w s s wa s s\ Z T s o kr `k;D k;df ]k;D kvg df rNi dldfpf l hxk;c ct `k;D kvg g; s q s w s s z q 4k;yf IdGfIl kd q;e kGn u s 1 hr ultf ]g henkv kygi ji hoi gxt kuhr jkv k;k[nf jdje ukgm Xe ; s , 1 X , s X yk|ofoof uwxj jkv kRdyd ]unay ]jkc uhr 4g krukt kuIky hxk;c go a , , , s z
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ntke hH Fkni 6g nwtke hH dkyji ]g nwtke hH dky ]Cg; hHv 4Cgu Xe e w , Z , , s , , s bkI ]g kIc e li ]g y;lfi hH dkyji 4g kIkc e ebkI ]g k>el yjkiI , a X s , s s , a X , s X kd dkyji dr cv sueg 4kxkg dkyji go kxkg kt nkc d uje lm jGf j s s s s s s s s , kv ]hxI? e ;el kuI? hd sukg knof k; kuI? hd uje ]kxaWe e df g Cgu s X s s T , 9uthoLf ebkI8 utkHof kd dkyji jkv dky 4y y e yk;[ l dhO kd r s , s X s X s s kc lb 4g e ukF ]Cgu e ;el utkHof kd dkyji jkv dky ][j uk; kr , X X s , s X s 4g dkyji j , s rhH jkv g dky jgkc `kvg kylkG Bkd hH g; 4kd ukd> unx ]g kylkG , , s q s s q Z , hg kurb lc39jk; jhor g e ubkv d ynf ]hy [n ]h;kd> unx kjt ct8 s , X s s s q Z 4g Cgu hH , kylkG elm jkv eikv 4g c lki hH llm udfy 4g kylkG hH e ikv X , X , z s s , X jkv elm ]henkv g kOc kt e yxc dikv 4g e lkLi knk; hH l hlkLi d , X , , s X s , X s \ s s \ s ikv ]g e lkLi ydcf dikv g Cgu jwn Cgd c 4g Cg; jkv hHv dkyji , X s \ q s , z , , s 4dkyji kr g krjd jlf s s , jrhH ]dky kr g krjd jlf jgkc 4dkyji kr g krdk> Gjr lm ]dky kr s s , s s , a s s g krdk> Gjr lb 4g krkt kg kL[ ji hjgn hd dky jkv dkyji Fkl hg , a , s \ s s , s dS go ]g kri kuiv ltf 4g kukg hg kd ;o3g orfv kd ;o jk} kd u , s , s a , a s kt e dkyji dfk;D 4krdl kg Cgu kri kd dkyji lm ]Cgu kri kuiv sltf X s X s s s 4Cgu kri Bkd kdlm eg ji 39jukd n bkc It83g ntke Cg; j,kv hHv s X Z , w , dkyji ]g Cgu jkv nkc d suje Cgd dkyji 4g Cgu dhO Fv kd dkyji n s , , s s , Z s kc d suje kr Cgu hg hrje kekv ct udfsy 4g nkc d uje Fv kd dkyj s s , s s Z s i df g yk;[ hg; eg l jkrekv `nkc d uje k;D `g Fv k;D kd dkyji , X s , s s , Z s 4g rki kd c jikji eji e dkyji o ]g rkt kg /yim kd rev T s s z X s s T s s s 1 ]ukK kt rDf; lS 4g kvg kjH l 'kg rfi uiv hukK ]g 'kgc rfi uiv h s s s , q s s z s , s s z s ukKv udfsy 4g Cgu ed jHhRj3e hukK hurtf g kekv hg hurm e hukKv , X , X 4g rfFf hd ukK kr ]g k;D df skg , s T kri hH g; jkv kg kri kd ukg 4g rfFf hd ukKv kr ]g k;D df kg u kr , s s s , s T s i g; jkv kg kri kd ukg 4Cgu kri hH Bkd eg kdlb ]g k;D eg udfy 6g , s s s s X T s T hH rofht eg ]g kri hH kd sukg uiv eg jkv g eg dfk;D ]g kekv eg , s s X , T X T 4g krn kuc uoht slm , s kri kd ukg g; lc 4g kri hH kd 9uskg uiv8 lm jkv hH 9g8 kekv 4g s s , s s s , , , Cgu kri kd ukg suiv kd Fkni udfsy ]9g8 Glf Fkni 29hyukv lIltDfS83h s s s Z , Z Z s X \ d Fkni 6hd kekv 39Fkc Gbky LaS lItDfS83y [j e yk;[ kd rkc lb Z s X \ X X s 4hH orfv jkv g hH uoht kd kekv 4Cgu uoht ]g orfv Glf kd , , , Z Fkni 4krdl kg Cgu uoht Bkd kd ;e ]hrdl kg Cgu q;e Bkd hd uoht Z s s q 1 s 1 s `g krdl ld je go g rofht kt 4g rofht go df g jev Syflb kekv , s , , s , ,
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4g rkiNf l xP jktg ]g rkiNf kd rke Syf T s s a T s s , lb 4g krdl kg e jkll hgo sy kyH kd rke kt 4g Cgu jn knk; kd lk; , s X a q s , s , s s a X l e uoht dlm h;x kv nk; rke ltf dfk;D ]Skt kv u nk; rke 4g ry s , s X , T s s jd jrhH kd kpc djd nc ktkojn kd j? xky kr l jk} g hryduf Fv s X s a s s s , 2kxSkv nk;3 2 SkyH A g e;uf kd rfe 4g hrkv nk; jkv hdlm g srkyH eg ltf ]gj uk a q , 1 , , T q s s ; udfsy 4g rjd ''fkd hd sukyH kd q;e eg Syflb 4g krLi kuyH yd T s s q s 1 , \ w q cf kd q;e kr rgc kLkF g kuy [l jxv jgkc 4g krkt jd 9lut;ki8 ]g s 1 s q s\ , s q , , krkt jd rDk"of kd k[l cl d jgkc yk;[ kd ;1e 4krdl ki Cgu [ql s X q s q hHd jgkc go ]g ;e df g yk;[ g; kdltf df g krki [An Syflb jgkc , q 1 , s , q 4Xy >el sl dhO lb 4g krki [An hH s , q jrhH jkv g krki [An hH jgkc huk; ]g krki [An hH e jkll go `kxkg / , , q , q X a s yim kd naukv ld ]e dkyji d jki lm ]e dky d jrhH lm ]e dkyji s s , X s s X s s X s lm go krukt Cgu kd oev lb rDf; kt udfy 4kxSkt kg Cg; ]kxSkt s 1 s s s s kg hHv ]Cgu `kxkg Cgu hHv jkv kxkg /yim kd nukv nkc d uje go s , s s a s s kukt kd krjev hd kekv ]kukt kd c su rDf; ltf df g cyre g; kd s s z , lb k;D kr ]g krkg /yim kd naukv rDf; e dkyji df g krkt kgd ct s , s s X s , 4kg Bx kl ]Cgu Bg hrkt Gjr hldf kurp ct3hd kuf 4kg Bg s s q s s q hrkt Gjr hd jrhH kurp ct3hd dkyji 4kg Bg hrkt Gjr hd jgkc kur s s s q s p ]9lul'kd8 jkv g gj [n jgkc eg ct3hd dky 4bg k;rfFf uhr hlS s a , T s s s q a s 4Li u B s \ k[nf kd jrhH kr ]Skt kg kL[ jdLe go jGf ]Li u Bk[nf kd jrhH kr s s \ q\ s \ s s[n Gjr hd jgkc henkv go jGf 4Li Bk[nf jgkc u ]Li Bk[nf j? u kr s s \ s \ s djd nc [kv Skt Oc ji thygn hd tkojn d ukde uiv henkv dS slt s a a , s s s , 4g krkt kg W' dkyji ]g krk[ , s q s , s dky 4g e phc d dkyji jkv dky kFov hd uk; 4krskg Cgu W' hH dky s , X s s , s q s ji ]g krkt k[ hH dky3g kNe kuf 4g e phc d dkyji jkv dky ]kuf , s s , Z w , X s s , s 4krkg Cgu W' dkyji udfy 4g krkt s q s s , k[ dky kr g rkl ikv ct huk; `g jknuy df `g jkntd ikv df `g ku s s s T s s T s T Z , rb lyc dc kdikv df `g hui dS hdikv df `g kIc dS kdikv `g uk X , T , , s , dn dS hdikv e jktkc df g krgj nk; cr kdikv k;D ]g krNi e 4g krk q X , s wa w T , t k[ dky cr g rkt kl ikv rkj 4g krkt k[ dky kr n uk; Gjr hd d s s T s s , s s s X kyji eg jxv ]g krkt k[ dkyji kr g gj n uk; Gjr hd jgkc eg jxv s , s s s T s s 4g kylkG kd u'Iv ]kylkG kd Ifn hjkeg kylkG hH kd ukF , X 1 jkv g kd ukF Glf kylkG ]Cgu kd ;el kylkG 4g ntke hH kekeji ]g , , Z , w , ,
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4kxSkt j e hH go g kgj gc ei kt e phc ]kxSkt je hH go g kgj jd ei kt ]kx , zs s X , zs s je go g gj jd ei eg ltf df g krxy kri ykdr kgo h;kv dy> hd s T s zs s , a [l kgt ]hd ei `g k;D rkc g; 4rdl kt Cgu jgkc ]e <"kH hlm3xyskc q a zs , s X s X jWt ji FL jGf kr jd W' kuykc ji oy jxv ]xykc jWt ji oy kr Xj s s X q s s X s s d W' kuykc ji FL go jxv3Xul kd re< jxv 4hrkg eyke Cgu hHd q s s q s w s w hurm g hrkg eyke Pkxzi hurtf ;e e <{ d ei df ]g k[yf u Lkxddf , s w \ q 1 X s zs , s Z 4,g hr Li Bk[nf jdkg ugx rgc e <{ d [l ]hrkg Cgu ugx hurm e <{ d [ \ s q X s q s X s An keyfkd hd ;e df g g; kr pl 4g rkt kg j/av [l cl ]g hL[ Nhi q q 1 , s T s s s s q , \ s keyfkd hd ;e dr ct 4krdl Cgu kg [l Bkd 4g krkt kg Lt;ko cl3 q 1 s q s , s a g krkt kg rDk"of cl kdlm ]kyp Cgu kri kd r1ev hHv e hxntV hdltf , s X 2g rke , , df g krkt n jc[ jkv g krxy ucL >kl jkv krxm tjl gcl 2g rke ]g , s , , s w a , w q , , T s rkt n jc[ ji g rkt L\> e L\>ri jkv rxy Ri jg 2g rke df g hrkt s T s X , s s s , , , n jc[ jkv g hrkt hyp j,kv hrkv hukot 2g rke df g krkt n jc[ jkv s , , , , , s , g krkt [l jkv kry[f jHhL? ei 2g rke df g krkt gd jkv g krkt k , w , \ zs , , , , , Z >e skd >kl jkv kry[f gcl yG 4g hrkt yef jc[ hdlm gxt jg udfy q a , q w , s 4g rkyH l kthp Bd jkv g r[j jgkc eg lm kuI? g rpfuf hurb kt T s q s X , T s s , s 4kg hH u ]hH kg df krdl kt kgd s s Cgu klsS rckc d ;e udfsy 4yef hH u ]hH yef u/ 4Skv hH u ]hH Skv s q 1 s s hjkehc 4gj hH u ]hH gj ;ko 4kg hH u ]g krdl hH kg gkoof 4kg hH u s s s , s X ]hH kg ]Xthp cl hdkc3g ;r kurb ]hg hxkg ;e df cyre g; kd h<ko; X , s q 1 ofH ]g krdl kt k;krc unf j,kv [hjkr df Cgu cyre g; kd h<ko;ofH , 4hrdl kt Cg u hd h<ko;ofH hH hd thp hldf hdkc ]g ;e go kr g hrdl kt hd h< , q 1 s , ko;ofH hd thp hldf ]g ycIDLfif thp Bkd jxv nkc d et 4g hg ;1e , s z s s , q go kr g rpfuf thp Bkd ]g 9hIIjl8 hd thp Bkd jxv nkc d et df s , s , X s s g g; rkc hd ste jkv 4kn jd xyv ujkG lm ]Cgd ji ni d uoht Skt , , s , s s gj u uk'uf kd q;e 4g hrky jc[ hd ukg je uiv eg hxntke hd Sg je 1 , s s s s X w , q s 2g dufkKokue skt3g , , s , <jkd djfrkv kd kr?h' `g k;D kr?h' hurb hd ujd knof kdlm ]k;df a z , X z s s ei jkv ]kgkp k"o kd henkv ltf 4g hykosuI? hH hdum kuI? hg; df n u zs , s , X s y jd <je ]n uy [n kd kxky ]jn hLkF n ugj 4Cgu cklgf kdltf ,g hr s X s s s s X s s s\ X s Li hnt hurb hd sukt sy df henkv Cgu kje 4I?je g rkuc jgkc d okx \ T s s a
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jfrkiW uoht kd Ic df kLi Cgu Bk[nf kd ikc hH cr ]Iky liko j? jd a s s \ s s , kxt kd ;l d ukK nkc d "o gjkc ct jkv k;yf lk;l u rDf; lt 0c s Z w s s Z , a s s , q 4g Cgu defd , kv ]g dofkHko kLc ukKv 4g rkc dofkHko hLc ]g Cgu defdkv Nd Xe , \ , \ , q lb ]Cgu 4g hrkj jkv g hrIhi hrkN go 4g rLi eyke ik'Hfv hH uknjo , s , , T s \ w X e ukKv ]Cgu udfy 4kxgj hg j? ]jdLkN g kgj Cgu kt Cgd g; jGf 4Sg s s s\ , fkp kukue nukv kd krif ]Sgfkp kupku kd ke 2jiM d dLy lb g kjrm a s s a s s \ , uknjo hHv 4rkg ewyke uknjo hH ik'Hfv cr ]Cgu3`hrje jdk[ jgt r s s w cr ]krkt kg u;'fhIyfki kdLy g; `hrje jdk[ jgt r cr ]krkt kg uke s s \ w s Bc kdL\y g; `hrje jdk[ jgt r cr ]krkt kg jkp kdLy kjr g; `hxSk s w s s \ s t je jdk[ jgt r jkv ykL jiM _o kvQx Glf ]k;df Cgu hH Nd ulb w , s s Z q s 4k;k[ Cgu j gt sur cr Sx je pc uhr df Cgu krNi udfy ]g krkg kd uNi llm u w s w s , s s w s e kje 2dp je ygi pc uhr je ]g hrgd ke 2kn kojrm sLid s; 4hxaMkt s s q s s s s , a s \ je jdk[ jgt e df g hrgd ]g hrkj jdIhi hrkN3Bkv lki je ke udfy T , , s s s a s 2Sgfkp kuLi eyke uknjo ]kd krif ]kd ke3k;yf lk;l yd u do; dS \ w s s a a s q 4g krkt kg kIm cl ]g hrkt ync Ifn 4g Iduf jkH hyko , s , 1 , s s ukv df g krukt go hHr g krkt kg ugx ct kj/v gcl 4g hrLi eyke , , s s a q , \ w kdefH Zoi hd 'kdi lm hH kj/v 4g krkt uc jk} kd et lm hH jk} kd w w z s s a , s q 1 , ;e 4g hryef jc[ hd et d Xkpc sykosukg kni hH e Pc rkg knof 4g s s , X s w\ s s , kryp kri kd hjk;r hd tjl ykouxm d gcl hH e tjl Sg rcL >kl 4g , w s s s q X w q s w a , krkg /kc kd ufo hd sukg rjfdv d kRi Su hH e Ri rjxf [l l {o s s s q a s X X s s s w s 1 4g hrLi h;kul ikpni hd rlc sykoukv hH e L>ri kd rDf; d gjr lm , \ q a s X \ s s 4g rkt kg [l hH [An cl e u T s s q q X kK 4g rkt kg [An ][l cl e ukKv 4g hrkg rfhri hd [An L[ Nhi hH Xe T s s q q X , s z q s \ s <{ d [l lm 4g krLi Bk[nf kukt Ief jkv kukt jxf kd rke hH e kxaj s q s , \ , , X X r hd hukot lm 4g krLi h;k[nf jhj' jZtt7<ht kd Pc hH Nhi d pc sl s , \ Z s w\ s s s m 4g krL\i h;k[nf L\>ri ]g hrkv jtu ;e hH e rlc lm kyef Cgu nuk , , q 1 X a s a v jrhH ltf 4g hrkt ync Ifn hjkl hdlm ]gj uk; 4g krkt kg nukv hg s , 1 s , s a nukv hH jgkc lm kyef naukv jrhH ltf 4g Sg Lt ; 4g krki nukv hH a s s T q s q\ s , a e dky lb go g krki naukv e dkyji kt df g hlt un gd hH rkc hjlwn X s , X s s , , s s 4g krki [Aqn Glf hH e dky lb ]krdl , Z X s Cgu hg ki naukv kr e dkyji go Cgu kri kd rev d jrhH kdltf 4,g hr s X s 1 s s kt iLg lm rke jkv rki Cgu hH y eg 4g jxH<{ [l kr Syfhlb 4,g hr \ s , , s s , q a q s kt kg hL[ Nhi rke kgo g [l kgt7kgt 4g krkv y <je kd q;e l Nhi s \ s , a , q a a , s 1 s s ]g krky [l ei 4g hrLi Bk[nf jdkg Pkxi rgc ;e e <{ u?l d ezsi , q zs , \ s \ z q q 1 X s
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u[j yk;[ ]g kgj LkN Cgu jH kdikv 2kd uiv kLkN3dhO ydcf xgd i wa s\ s s s s\ q s X kv kr ]dS e [ky ]g e jxv 4g jrkv rgc Syf d ukpc kd uiv henkv s X wa T , q q s s s s 4xkH e kr ]Cgu `Cgu k; k;x je henkv kykouje wa T s s tkv ]kNi l hnt u ktCl 4krje Cgu knk; sl henkv dS tkj ji hLkgi w s s a s \ hji lb df g g; <kei 4kxSkt yp kri kr kg; xkgj er ;gj jkv tkj ] w , z s a s s q , kgd u jtsue lm `<kei ];gj ]tkj kd ukg rqHnv dlb ]kNi u ktCl 4g s , z s s . s w s a , rH.nv hLkgi hji g; 4g kNv rqgc l Ifn hd ;ko okx g; ]kgd u jt q \ w , s 1 a s s , s ue d yIkg d okx lm 4kjgO e okx dS ktCl jkd_pf pk dS s s a X a a X 2re kukpc gjr lb ]Cgu 4hg g dS e [ky kr e df gj k/ofl hd ukpc suiv kdikv df Syflb Glf ]g wa X s T s q s s Z wa kgj gd dS e [ky 4g krkg rpfjfi l ei d rDf; henkv /kdS e [ky X , s s zs s X hHd 4ei kd k;rDf; A kjln 4g rpfjfi hg l ei d kvro eg jrd/fv zs X w T s zs s X q 4g rpfjfi cl eg lltf ]ei kd kvro A dS3g ei d jkdzi uhr Xe rxt T s zs X q T zs s . ei7roxH zs 4g ydfe hg rkc kr hd nukv ]krkg Cgu hg , q s a s kri Bkd kd dky d jrhH lm g [An e dky d jgkc ltf jkv ]hrkt gj s s s s , q X s s s , Cgu "' hH k[j Bkd hd [An e rxt d jgkc lm g nukv Xe dkyArv sltf s s s q X . s s , a s a 4g kry kuc yG hH kd kIkd ukK 4g kry kuc kIkd kd kyG cl 4g kry , s w s X a , s a s X w , s jd ik'Hfv kd kuknjo cl ukKv 4g krLi eyke ik'Hfv Syf d ikc kr s X , \ w s s kg e j? hH kIc klt 0c 4kxykc rkc gjr lb l ikc hg uiv r df kF u s X s , q s s X s s w hH kpkl sue g; ]kgd ukgm 4k;x kg hjkH /k ]Bx dL\H xkv kr hd ikc s T s X s s s 4g krukt Cgu kd ;o kt g krLi hgo e eH d uukt d sjlwn , s a s , \ X z s s s dfk;D 4Li re e eH d uukt >e 4g hGkd kr y ukt hg kd uiv ikv ]kg X X \ X z s s s q , s X s s d su 0c `g krdl ukt s>r ukd kurm ]g krukt kurtf >qr e 4Xe klu hj q , q , wa s T X r g krgc u[ kje `Cgu krukt >r e `kxSk[lf >e r ]kgd u ikc udfy s , w s s q T s q w s s 4[n kr l jkx kjt ]g jkv Bkd g; 4kd X s s s , , , s p kt kd hHd kr go ]kIky Cgu liko hgo ]kF k;x l j? kt ygi "o gjk q s , s s s Z c 4y [sn kr l jkx ]kgd u 0c 4sxy sulg 0c 4g gj gd go lldf df kd X s s , s q a q T s s l Li Bk[nf Cgu kd ikc 4n re [Aqn e sukg Iduf d q;e e ikPc lb kd \ s s X s s 1 X s q\ s s w\ q Pc >e 4jd nc h>elku ]kdp kg rgc ]LkN yH g; 4kv Iky liko r 4g a q s q s\ w , w wa krdl jd Gke hH hHv >r e df kgd hg; ji tkojn d okx u ikc udfy s q T s s a s s 4g krdy> 'k , di kd jrhH dum e k_o rhi dum 4g L[ Nhi Fkl d 0c {Hf jktg l z s X X s T s \ s s q q n 4hpgi hu'kj l 0c e uoht d kxky k[ky df kLi u Bk[nf gm 4kvg r qa s s q X s X s X \ X q
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ei 4g [kv hd suukt ei 4g rukt eg hg lm g rjd ei eg ltf dfk;D zs , a zs T s s T s zs s X 4g krLi Cgu h;k[nf kekeji Bkd ]g hrLi h;k[nf hg Sro e rxt jkl , \ s T \ a q X . s eg cr g rjd ei kd kvro eg ct 4g hjWt kuy [n l dhO kLkF kdlb X T s zs s X q , s s s s\ s 4ei kd orfv xel ]ei7roxH3ei rfi d orfv 2;ue3e zs s z zs zs z s q i rfi d k;rDf; 2honi ]ni ]rykn7u/ ]ukde lt3ei rfi d kvro 49l zs z s X , s , zs z s X q . ID,tkv hn lLoI oy8 LaS 9uli hn lLoI oy8 ]9lItDfS n l.LoI oy83S .Z q Z Z . w X Z q g ei d jkdi uhr k; 2g ei kd orfv go3ei7roxH A g ei kjlhr jGf q zs s z X , zs zs , zs 4rkg Cgu /yim eg hg s s kd ei d rDf; Syflb 4g krdl kg Cgu hHd dyfke kdlm e Syflb 4Cg s zs s wa s T u rfkH hd ro dS3rfkH hd rDf; dS ]g krjd ei llm e 4;o g ;kl a q a wa zs s T a , kuiv rDf; kjln df g; g _l kjgx l jgx 4g drfu kuuke ;kl kd rD w , w s s , , s f; jln jkv 4g drfuv kujd xk;im gjr hd u/kl kd Rf; jln ]g ZFv s w , , , s s w , hg dS kd rfhuv df A _l dS e k_l eji d rfhu ]g kgd u Ikd yvueS w X X w s , s a q s 4g ;kl kuiv ;o go ]g Cgu u/kl kje g , a , s o 4g ;e htuf kuiv kdlm ]g Cgu ;e kdlm hg kurb39u;jfIyfIfq;83kd , w , w s lm g Cgu ;e hg jH7krxfk;im hje 4g ;e kuiv kd jln ]g Fv kd ezsi , w s s , w s w , Z sd rDf; 4g krkg /yim kd henkv dS e [ky3kgd ue ]ei kd k;rDf; , s s X s T zs X 4g ry kuc ro hH kdum kr g rjd ei hH kd k;r T s s q s s T s zs s X Df; nf; 4g rjd ei eg hg kd kvro g krgd e Syflb 2 kvg u jnkv T s zs s X q wa T q Bkd kd kekv ]kd krtuf hd rDf; jln 4kvg u ukel kd rDf; ]k;x kg s s w q s xk;im g; 4krkt gj Cgu nH Bkd e hui jkv e jpuG kr ]kg hje df kd s s s X , X s s s s hui g krgd rfi Bkd 4g r;dfyke g hrgd jkv g hrjd lti kd rfi , s , , , , s s ]hui 4g hrkg r;dfyke hd kvro Glf ]krdl kg Cgu Bkd kd k;rDf; d , s X q Z s s X yfke 4g rkt kg dyfke ]g rjd 9lti8 kr g rjd hH ei kd k;rDf; eg T s s T s s s T s zs s X 4k;x kg ro go ]kgj u Fv Bkd kdlm ]kgj u ukel kd s q Z s kr_ro hdlm ]kgj u ukel kd rDf; 2lk;l xy Cgu kr hxn Cgu kKkv a a s X s wa e ]g hrgd hui 2kgj Cgu rDf; g; ]u;jfIyfIfq;3k;x kg ro ]kgj u r T , s s q Df; rfi g; jGf `g ei kr Skt uc jhtat jxv ei `g ei kr n u kr_ar , zs s X zs , zs s s o jxv ei `g ei kr Skt uc hekyqx ei jxv `g; g ei kld ]kgd uTe zs , zs s zs , zs , s 4hxn uy Cgu lk;al wa s s e ]Cgu ]kgd su hui lm udfsy 2re kvkjc? ]re kvkg rrfpV ]g kuI? d T s s s , jfrkv hdum lk;l 4sxgj hg krif3sxgj hg rfi ]xSkt Cgu jdLkN j? o d a a X X s a s\ s f k;k>el kd hui 4Skv jdsy Fkl kd hui ]uy lk;l Skv _ef dS tkv s s s s a 2Cgu rfkH hd k;rDf; ]rfkH hd kvro3kxgd a X a X q wa likv e udfsy ]g rjd ei kd k;rDf; eg3sxgd ikv 4g rht hg e ei s T T s zs s X X T s X zs d kvro henkv "s' 4g krkg /yim kd ei d rDf; henkv dS e [ky 4k s X q , s s zs s X
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`kg k;df hH kd hldf ]kg k;df kd pc hldf ]kg k;df kd h_ hldf ]kg k s s s s s s s s ;df kd henkv hldf ]kg k;df kd /ki hldf ]kg k;df kd hldf ]kpkl jkcd s s s s , s s s s S ]g krgd ler jGf ]kgd su tqukekj 4Cgu hg k;df ei kd hldf hHd uTe wa s q zs s s 4g kgj jn knl e l nfk;b ei `g gj kojd k;kt k;D ;el e krkc hd j wa w T s zs T s X X X kdc ]kgd su henkv lm `l dp7yH kg k;df kd hldf hHd ]kgd u tukekj s s w w s s s q 4g ei l uk , zs s oxH Glf kr >e 2Cgu hHd ]Cgu hHd ]kgd ulm `g k;df ei kd hldf hH Z s s q s , zs s d uer `waNi Nd e ler 4kjd re hnt hurb ]kjgO ]kgd u tukekj 4g s q w q T s q s s s q wa klk; kd ei7roxH e 4n kjd ei l ukoxH >e 4n kyef l ukoxH >e d zs T X zs s s q X s s q f kgd ulm jkv k;kv henkv dS 4g rjtx l okx dS tukekj ]ue ,g kuql s , T s q s a q s T 4g krdl Pc sxkv go jGf 2dky kd orfv jk , \ s , v jkll kd kvro3g krxy uLi h;k[nf Gjr kukn lm 4g krkt kg kL[ p a X q , s \ X s s , s \ hc d kukn ub 4g krkg orfv kd ukoxH Gjr hjln ]g krkg rxt kd kv s X s , s w , s . X ro Gjr dS 4g krkt kv e ;e go g krjd ei kd k;rDf; rDf; skt 4 q , X , zs s X g krLi kuOm dr ei d orfv l ei d k;rDf; jGf ]g krLi kuOm dr , \ zs s s zs s X , \ ei d k;rDf; l ei d kvro ygi Syf d ujd oHuv kd ;rp7roxkH zs s X s zs s X q s s s q s , 4krdl Li Cgu h;k[nf Cgd kr ;rp \ s , 7roxkH jGf ]g hrLi h;k[nf ro hH e rDf; 2g krkt kg _ke7ro3g kr . , \ q X , s q , kt skg y;jfhIe rxt kjkl Syf dlm g krjd ei kd kvro Glf rDf; kt , . s , zs s X q Z s 2xky Sx kg ro kr cr32kvkIg3kxn jd dky s s q s s s r rfi ]hxSkt skg h/v ]hxSkt kg Fov ]hxSkt kg <Q ]hxSkt kg iWd hu a s s s q i 2kvkIg ]hd ld xkI h;x II3hxn jd dkyr e ryknv ]hxn n lko;kL s q a w s X s s Z s hui kr kxSkt kg Pkd kd rfi 4g ykg hg; hH kdum g rjd ei rfkH hlb s s s\ s , T s zs a hH kd k;ue xky kt 4xXn kIg lm ]g Cgu orDf; Bkd kdlm 4xn dG Xe s X q s s s s , s s X X j? jpd ]hdlm xkI hxSkt II 4g rjd ekjkv ]g rOc eg ji lm dfk;D s a w T s T s , X g rjd ei eg kd ld 4g ei <jkd d ukg dlm g hH kt A g Fv kd e T s zs s q , zs s s s s , s , Z i7roxH 4kd kekeji g krki ukt hHr ]g krjd ei Bkd kd orfv jxv zs s , , zs s s 4g krki ukt hHr ]kd hldf g krjd ei rDf; Bkd , s , zs s ct 2e j? d ;n g krkjgO 2kuc Ffrfv ]kvkv3g krkyc jrhH ]g kry X s , s s , q , q , [ ]g krL?m go cr g rjd ei eg ct 4Cgu krkiNf go cr g rjd ei \ T s zs T s zs eg ct 4g krkg ;Huf go cr g rjd ei eg ct 4g rjd 'oi elm eg , s Z T s zs T s s z X cr g rjd ei eg ct 4g kry[ Gjr hjkeg rDf; go hHr g rjd ei e T s zs , q T s zs g ct dfk;D 4g rukt eg hHr g rjd ei kd rDf; hldf eg ct Syflb X T s T s zs s 2g ei hg kuukt ;hekv , zs 2djfrkv3g 9xbku IehIb8 hg ei df g g; kr pl 4d uukt g xP uiv d a , a s s a zs , s s s T a s s
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uyp g Cgu knkjb tkv df rgd u ]rjd rokxc u ]rjd gkof u ]ryd s , s s s s s uf u ]rxkH u3g nc e hjktrf SiQ 4g gj kl l ekjkv ]kykL kykr ]k;df s T a X s T s s s nc e hjktrf 3Crxke Cgu kr_ro o ]g <ik/ofl kL\c kujd ei l kvro a X s a a s , Z w q zs s X q 4kxsxke kr_ro rDf; dfk;D ]g krxy jL e ujd l rDf; 4g kekeji jr a a X , X s s , hH sdlm 4Skt k;df u jkgo; klt ro Fkl dlm df g krjd jkdub 4g k , q s , , pc kl7kIkN 4,g kukl Cgu hHv ]Cgu g kgj gd go 4g kgj kt kg7kg 9ukv8 s s , , s s go ]g hgj gkp kujd 9Gkv8 ]g hgj kyl jdkcn7kcn ke kd pc l7IkN dS , , q a s s s s s 29Gkv7ukv8 rdl jd Cgu ikv kdlm 4krkg C s s s gu 9Gkv7ukv8 rDf; 4g krkg 9Gkv7ukv83Skt kg nc ]kjd nc3yp df skvk , s s a s a s cn uIc ]kgkp ct kd Il utofhyI 4g jrgc kuy nhj[ Il utofhyI dS s s s , s s s s ;ktc hd pc dS ]g rgd xky e LTyb k; lk k; kdhjev tkv Syflb s T s s X a a 2g Cgu hg ikv ]g hH Te T wa ]g kekv hH hje 4g krky[nf jdN kr kvN re thp kyG ]kgd llm 4g k , s , w s s q a s s , rkt jgkc kr kvkt re jgkc ]kgd llm 4g krOc Cgu ydcf e ukd lm j s s s s , , q X s s Gf skr kOc e sukd lb ]kgd llm 4g krxke kr_ro hH go ]g rDf; 4g o s , X s s s , a a , , im hH go udfy ]g kpc kd ykl kn hHv ]Skt kg kni kpc dS e j?~ s , s s , X ~ ~ hH Fkl d rDf; l7IkN 2g I>> Fkl d k;rDf; ]g k/ofl hLc Fkl d s s s s , a s X , q \ s X q kvro `g rkc k;D `k;D 4Cgu rdk> e k;rDf; eg ]g rht e kvro eg , X s a X X T s X X q 4Cgu hg kdk> hHd ur ]g krgd r udfy 4 n krc kyd hd udk> ecl >qr a s w , w s wa s a X s Te kr kg kdl dk> hH e dS r ]kgd u tqukekj ]kr 4g hdL[f go 4g sr[ s s a X w s s , \ T s s n kd kekeji l e rDf; dS hldf eg l eltf ]g k[kj> ]g hdL[f hl s X s X , s , \ 7hIkN dS ei kd rDf; 4g rkvW' hd ei7roxH hH ei kd rDf; 4g kr s zs , q zs zs , kj kd tjl <jdf jg dfk;D `Mk>el ld >r cv tjl ]k;ki tk[ Cgu hH w X a s , s q w s <jdf r ]jd ke{ df Li kugd s>e l henkv lm lt ]kgd u tukekj kr w s \ q s s , s q s 4g hei d tjl kr eg ]Cgu hg /cl Bkd kuiv l gjxo <jdf `g gj jd T zs s w s a a s s , T s rkc hd kgd3gd go 2hxkg hLi h;k[nf Bg hrIG l e jiN <jdf /kdS > X a s s \ q w s X s r hHd df g krNi 2Cgu hg k[n hHd ue k;hn ]n k[nf tjl kr >e ]Cgu3 q wa w s s T X w s s q gd go `k[n kvg kryt k;hn kd hef `h[n hu'kj hHd ur df Ni sl he s s q s s s w wa w nkv hldf e df kvg lsS kr g; ]Cgu hg k;df ei uwr df g krgd r udfy T q s s zs s , w s 4krn n kdD/ e jk} d orfv ji >r e kr l ei krkg kdk> s s X s s w s q T s s zs s a X e hldf sur hH kl7kLkF 4krn kpgi dr tjl d ei7roxH >r e jkgl d w s\ s qa w s zs s q T s s <jdf hd ei hlm kr ]krkg k;df ei hH kLkF kd hldf ur jxv dfk;D kx zs s s zs s\ s s w X Mki jd u hH Nd e jGf 4g e ydfe hLc e jGf ]kgd u tukekj 4g k{ a q T wa X q \ T s q , kdkv hd ei7roxH kr >e ]kgj jn knl e l ei ]g krgd Gkl e df kgd a zs s s q w T s zs wa T s ulm 4Cgu hg k;df sue ]kgd sulm Syflb 4r g ;k;v df xgd tukekj T w , s s X q kr g k;df ei kd hldf sue df gd e jxv df kpkl u henkv lm ArokHo s , zs s T wa T s s
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4k;yf Ldi ukgm 4g kgj jtqx l okLi htkG jdkg uu df ul \ s X , s \ , s s b g hykduf chdjr 4g krLi ewyke llkt Bkd g; df k>el u k;tfkG 4kF , , \ w s s X , okLi kd tkG tzsxv e phc 4Gjr hd hnu k;x yduf go Sg rpku 4g chj \ , a X q s , d r,ke hdlm df kF Cgu kri lm 4kd nkp kF kgj n nko;/ 4kF kgj kx rh s s a s x ]kF kgj pku go ]e 'kdkv kF nkp ]hF rkj hunkp 4kF kgj jtx e rkj X a a q X uu ]kF uke l "o gi kt ]hlk;l dS e uokRl kl gjkOv ];el d jnx , s Z a s a X , s 4g hgo go ]lum g krjd 'i kt udfy ]ruv xkg Fkg , s , Z s s a s X 4g dS go llm g krdk> kt udfsy ]duv hxkg [kv 4g Cgu UHf go g ki , s , a s s X X a , , Nf jrhH kt go 2UHf xkg jgp3e kiW duv7duv ]g hgo gxt7gxt 4g u s s X s s X X s s , , kpgi hd hlm hH e Ldd7Ldd 4g ikN hd hlm hH e Ri7Ri dlm 4g kl X \ a \ a , X s s s , gf kd kekeji hH go 4g rDf; hH yihi df g krukt kt g krdl jd jkd , , s , eu hgo kr kd yihi 4g O> jlkjl endS kujd jkdeu kd yihi kdlm s s , w s g krjd jkgo; klt7ro l k;efnkv henkv kt df kxkg k;df Cgu yk;[ u , , q s X s s s ikv udfy ]g rkt jtqx djd jkdeu lki d yihi hldf hHd ikv hH tkv s T s s s 4g orDf; hH eer df kgd ]k;nf n orDf; kd rxt , X q s s . jkl 2k;nf n orDf; ]k;df jkdeu kd k{o 2k;nf n orDf; ]k;df jkde s s s X 1 s u kd k;nfu 4g rxekv rkc ; ]g Cgu rxFkni Xrkc ; 4g dek/ rkc ; 4 s X T X s T Z s T X s g Cgu dufkKo rkc s; 4g krkg rv hrkg >kl ]krxkt hrkg gcl 4g e 'kd T , X , s s a s q , X kv krLkn ]g kvg krt ji kLk? ]g jkol ji Fj3g kron Z;l ]kgd sueg kr ,\ , q q X s\ , , s w s 4kF orDf; hH kd tjl jGf 4kF k;nf n orDf; kd orfv sj w s s kl ultf kF k;df u henkv lm jkdeu kd tjl 4F Cgu >elku o kF k;d s s s w s s f W' sukgtf udfsy 2g gj jd jkdeu >elku l rgc ~ ~ ~ dfkykg g gj q X T s s q a T s jd Cgu >elku 2kd tjl3g krjd jkdeu jdLkt Fkg kd tjl kr g krO s w , s\ s w s , m gcl 4g krjd jkgo; gjr hd rDf; dS l orfv ji lb skt ;n kv q , s s w g kjH l ei klsS A g Fv kd rDH 2kgd ukoxH ultf kd rxt A g ZFv q s zs , Z s s , kd rDH 2k;nf orDf; ultf kd rxt A g Fv kd rDH ~ ~ ~ rDH3Syflb s s . , Z 4g rdl jd hH rkc l>qr e T s s g 4g hH r df g gj gd kd orfv ji eg 4g gj n orDf; kd orfv , w T s s s w T s s s ji eg df kvg cyre kdlb `kvg cyre k;D 4g ukoxH ]g Cgu orfv ` s w q q , , Tg r>el cyre kdlb 2g ukoxH ]g Cgu rxt A g Fv kd ei7roxH 49yu s , , . , Z zs Zli tb lIltDfS ykg n83g orDf; dS rxt kjkl A g Fv kd ei7roxH X s , . , Z zs 4g Cgu ;kim kd ujrm kr e 'kdkv d ei7roxH kr ]kpgi Cg , s s X s zs s qa u hg ji [kj> d ei7roxH go kxSki jd Cgu ei kd rDf; kt jkv 4kxS s s s zs zs s s , ki jd Cgu ei kd rDf; henkv go krgkp Cgu kr_aro hd jln henkv kt zs s s w s 4g rgkp kd kvro eg Syflb g hrkt kg ekyx Sro 4g rkg jtfkg T s s X q T s q a q T s s s , lo kgkp l,t ]g rkg jtfkg cr kgkp ct ]Cgu 2xyp Cgu tkv 4kjkeg kd s T s s s s X
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lm ]usn7usy kOhe llm ]nkol j/e llm jkv g krki kg ukni7uknkv 4g kr s a q s , , s z , ki kg nkol ]g hrki kg kpp phc d rDf; eji jkv rDf; kr kg ei7roxH s a , s Z s , s s zs 2g gj jd k;D ; df Cgu kri gb dfk;D gb ku T s s X X X n jd ke{ df k;nf gd 4g Hi rxt kjkl Syf d llht udfy 2g yxki d s , q z . s s , f e ue sxkg lg xky3;' jkv hyk[ 'kdkv kyhu 4kxkg kLi Cgu Bk[nf hH X X s a s w , s \ Nd kokyv d k;yfnc nGl Bg hryp e 'kdkv udfy kxkg k[n Gjr hd q s X s q X s s s 'kdkv hH ulm ]sphu hF hL[ LhH `g krykc Bkd l k;{fi 2kxkg kgd Cg s \ \ , s s s X s u l k;{fi rLm e 'kdkv g; `g krykc Bkd l 'kdkv 4kxkg kgd Cgu sl s X s \ X , s s s s 'kdkv g; cr 92g gj jd k;D ; df Cgu kri gb dfk;D kdcl ub kusn j T s s X X s d Gke ]Hi sg83kgd jdkOm [kv jiM ukgm jkv dIy ji hyl llht ct q z a s X , s w 4g krkt kg nkolrfi jkv g krkt kNi 4g rkt kg jRm7ui ]g hrkg kp , s a z , , w T s s z , s Z p ]g 9xky;kL8 ]g kgj kg ukni7uknkv3g gj yp jdLdi Fkg kdlm lknj , , s z T s \ wl 4llm g hgj jd rkc kjhe udfsy `kxkg ld rDf; eji kr g Cgu hH rD s , X s s , s , f; 4g Cgu hH Nd jkv e rxt rDjfrfv d kvro kr Syf jkeg dfk;D hx , q , X . s X q s s X s \ w Li eyke yxki eg 4l < g hgj jd rkc go dfk;D ]kd kjln g hrLi e X s , X X s X w , \ yke yxki kjhe 4llm g kry ykc rDH Syflb 4g hrdl kt hd rkc sllm w s , s s , ]kuiv lki d rxt g orDf; 4g rDf; rxt kjkl A g Fv kd ei7roxH s . , , . , Z zs 4krdl kg Cgu kF;v ]g s , krdl kg klsS hHr kxkg kvg /yim kd ei7roxH 4kvg u'n kd hlm hH s s q s zs q Z s l Xe hdL[f Bg hrdkH kykH lb 4k;ki [n kd hlm go hH l e hdL[f lb \ q X s s s X \ 2g hgo hH r ]kgd ulm ]kdkH kykH , w s X X e hrkN hdlm ultf l hgkilf tzsxv lm udfy ]hgkilf txv o xkg >el s s a s zs a s s X s Cgu 2g hgo hH r39Mkn Ikv In83g hgo hH r ]rdro ]kgd ulm 2;Dko , w Z , , w q s s s kge kd n"ufim 329rdro lfeor8 kgd u hlk;l lm 4k;x pgi chjd . q s s s a qa d uje ]kF krpku kt go 4sxy suljc jkoG d u[ ]kykH k;x l? e hrkN s s s s s w q X 2yskc n' k;D df kdl s s m kxkg kL\i uOfd 4kxMkt kg knof jdykc3jki lb kxykc n' dS kd nko s a s s wa s ;/ Sg rkg jki l rxt lb 4ji jk} d ;e jkv erfv ]hj[fkv ]kxykc n q s s s . s q 1 , a wa s ' hg dS df kF k;yf idl su hlk;l lm 4k;nf dkH e hrkN hdlm kykH a a X X s X ukgm 4g llkt ]g ukeBc ]g krkjde `Cgu k;D krykc ]kgd u k;gfkilf , w , s , q q X s s X 4kF kgj n nko;/ kd nkp d ke<i ]l orfv s s a s w s xel suiv ]kvg krpku ]kvg krkx rhx ji ]kF ip kr l n' ]kF uke kr g z q q q s s , s o 4g rkt k[ hg e ;' jkv rOm e ;w' kt Tg rhx hH lS3g rkt Skx sl T s s X w , s X s s s T s k<ki kt g rhx hH lS ]Cgu l h<ko df kvg krkx rhx kgd Syflb ue `C X z s T s s s q s T gu krykc3g krpku ]g krkjde ]g krlg `Cgu k;D krykc 4g llkt go d s , , q q , a X s , w f k;x kg kdDi hH jkv d' cr kykc Cgu go jkv hd NkrNi llm ct jkv s , s , w s ,
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2g [Aqn ] , g ikrl kukt gj rpfo l nkli dlm 2g naukv /fyim hd nkli dlm 4g , a a s z s , z s , kgj ljc yirfi nkli kd Hi 4g rkt jH o g x d krzeuof kt jkv g sr z z q z T s s T s s s , T kt gj hyk[ so g j['f d jkdgv kt 2Skt jH eum qHi ]Skt uc x o d T s a s X z s s f g <jkd kdlm kr hd Hi aSkt uc aSkdefi o df kxy klS kd krDH jxv , s q z zs s s s X 4g hrkPc ]g hrn et jrhH suiv skd Su 4g hrjd jkdho ]g hruc , \ , s , , ZHx ]g oIfljf ]g dgkx h_ 4g kuuc oIfljf ]g kuuc dgkx ]g kuuc kx , s , z , s , z , ]g <jkd go jkv 4g <jkd hH kdlm kr k;yf uke hH rfi kd Hi jkv k; , , , s s q z , yf uke hH <_ kd uiv df Sx syp dr kehl lb rDH jxv 4g <jkd kd , s s , lm kr kuke gjr hd hei kd ukoxH jxv u krDH jrjuf ][j uk; Syflb s zs s s X a X 4g kry jd jkdho ]g krkt uc H , s , Z x Syf d sujd <gzx kd nkli d Hi 2;w' ]hyk[ ]kx3g krkt uc yh> r s s z s q z , De7;'l 4krki Cgu jH udfy g krljc nkli kd Hi hH ji lm 4g krkt u q a s , z q z , c Lkgi henkv kvg kjH l ;'l 4g rkv e upogc ;'l ]g hrkv hysdv \ q s a T s X q a , k0J 4g hrkv e LhH k;jfkehc ]g krkv kydv ;ko 4g rkv e LhH ;'al T X \ a , s T s X \ 4g rkg ;'l duv kr g krkg ;'l ct ]Skt y T s s a s s , s a ef ;'l dS e henkv hldf df g krkg Cgu klS 4g hrkv e LhH k;jfkehc a X , s s T X \ a 4g hrkv e gel knl k;jfkehc ]Crkv Cgu hydv k;jfkehc ][j uk; 4g krk T X w a s a X , s g Lkgi kd ;'l lki dlm ]g hyk[ l ei7roxH ]g kjH l ;'l rDf; kt \ a s , s zs , s a s 4g krkt jH huki Syflb g , T hyk[ Xyh> 4Skt jH huki df g Cgu gxt eum 4g Sg jH hg l ygi o ud , X T q s s s s fy ]g hrkg k"o ji kj['f roi 4g krkt uc yh> jdpgi e kPLx jdgc p s , s Z X Z , qa X X . s hu huki ]hruc Cgu yh> ji kj['f d roi udfy g hrkg k"o hH ji kj['f X s Z s , s Z X roi 4g hrkt uc yh> jkv g krkt jH huki e kx kr g hrkg k"o ]g x Z T X , , X X s , s Z T s 4g krkt jH l nkli d Hi jkv ]kd jlov d uoht g , s z s q z , s , kry jd xk;im yod go ]g krjd Cgu ki "'of Bkd kekeji jiM sdl s s s , s s m g krkg kt rnfukv 4Cgu Sx Gjr hd rDf; eji ]Cgu ktk[ kd rDf; d , s s a s s f g <jkd kr g [An ]hn n gxt kd ;'l df g <jkd kr g h[An 4g Cgu y , s T q s s a , s T q , clfkijf Bkd jkv ]Cgu h;knjRm Bkd jkv rDjfrfv jkeg Syf d uki [Aqn X s , s , s s s 4g yH hjkeg ]Cgu rf;uf hjkeg kuki [An 4g 9x , w q , ukv8 huiv hjkeg3g uZtv kuiv kjkeg [An 4hH e dky lm ]g krki [ , q X s , An hH e dky lb ]rDjf l ei7roxH ]kvg kjH l ;'l udfy 4hH e dky q X s s zs q s a s X s lm ]g krkg /yim kd naukv hH e dky lb rDf; kvg kjH l ei7roxH , s s X s q s zs 4g hrkg rIf? , s go e ei7roxH ]g eku kdlm kuFki3g Cgu hH Bkd jkv jkgo; <iei sl X zs , Z z , s , Z w zs
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fe l rfk'v ]hrkg Cgu xke Bkd hd rfk' 2y [j <je hH g; ]g djfklkl q s a s a s a X , a _ke7kulko udfy ]g dhO kr g; g djfklkl Skulko 4g hrkg djfklkl _ke s , s T a a , s a 7xke ]g hrkg djfklkl kr xke djfklkl df g hjWt huy >el rkc go Cg; a , s a s a a , s 4kd ukK ]kd rDfe ]kd uZ'n d Hi g rxke3rxke Cgu hH gb ]XLkN 4kd s s q s s q z T s a s a X s\ s nukv ]kd rfk' g rxke3kd kvro rxke Cgu ]kd u/ rxke Cgu ]kd jkl a s a T s a s X q s a s s a s a s a l rxke Cgu 2u g hrdl kg kr gkp hd kvro hd {ke df g krdl Om y , s s X q s , k;[ kr ]Cgu gkp Bkd hd kvro hd jkll ]g rgd ct 2u g hrdl kg kr s s X q a T s , s s xke djfklakl7j,x kr g krOm yk;[ e ue jkc duv kr ]Cgu xke djfklkl a s , X s s a a ]g rgd ct df g hjWt huy >el jkv rkc dS kg; 4g rkt kg iWd jd T s , s , a T s s q Ldi kd aS/ d kvkulko Cgm hH jo d kuFki dlm g ykt kd kvkulko Xe \ s q s X s Z z s , X Rpf dltf 4kxkg hg jkll e kuFki hdlm g jkll e Rpf dltf e ylv s s a X Z z , a X s X 4g krxke ;kekl ];kj ]'; ]g krxke u/ ] , a z , a g krxke Skx ]g krxke _qi ]g krxke hui hH dpk; k; ]d/kl kvg krew? , a a , , a , a q lki7lkv d hnso hd K; 4g rjd xke hg hd jkll hH Fkg Sg Lt e kuZFkzi s T s a a q s q\ X 4g hrkt kg ktkr SkNb jGf e ekJof lm 4k;kv kyp jnfe S T s a X a yf d ekJof l kvkNb yod ]kvg Cgu rDjf ]kvg Cgu rDe l kvkNb 4Cg s s X s q q q s X u kxkt ]g kdF l kulko 6Cgu kxkt ]g kdF go l jktkc dfk;D 4g krn jd , s , s X , s W' jkpof kd jktkc Aui jdOc e jnfe henkv kdF l jktkc 4g krn jd q q , X a s , s W' xke hd kvkulko Aui jdOc e jnfe henkv kvg kdF l kvkulko udfy q a X q , X a q s X s 4g krOm hH yk;[ kd ukt cL e ukd rkdS , s w X s s a d ntfe ]rkdS d jnfe hHd jdIg l LkH7LhH hd jktkc 4g hry et s a s a s \ \ , s hH kuekd hd ukt cL e uk; jdnc [kv e /fUfl hd qHi hHd7hHd Fkl s w X a a X z sd kvkulko rLkn7rLkn 4g krkt kg hH ue kd sujd kuFki hHd7hHd Fkl d X s ,\ s ,\ , s Z z s kvkNb rLkn7rLkn 4g krLe hH Gjr hd Hi hHd7hHd e hupc ]e k'krg X s ,\ s ,\ , q\ q z X , s X 4g krkg hH , s 'krg ]hH 'kjuf ]g krkg hH upc ]g hH krdF ue hHd7hHd Sg ryt e k , s , s , q s X X Iiy ub 4g krkt kg kv/7kv/ cl jkv ]kd kNb g kryt u/b kyhx 4Tg hr , s a q a q , , yt aSkNb ]aSk{kdkv3e kIiy um g hryt aSkulko ]g Iiy hd xkv uoht a X X T , kjkeg 4Syf d ri g hrgj r{fof aSk{kdkv ]Syf d kjhj' g krkg jqrkv s w T a s X , s jhj' ]Gjr hd kvro g hrgj hrLkn aSkulko ]kd jkll g krgj krxke ue X q T ,\ s a , a hrdl kg Cgu gkp hd kekeji ~~ ~ ~ rxkt 3rxkt s s s

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4g rfk'v hg eku kd ukGr 4Cgu , a w hg krkg ukGr rk' `g kgd ukGr rk' ]g krdl kt kNi kr k;x kg rk' s w a , a w a , w s s a ukGr ]g rgd eg `kxdl yef ukGr rk' l utk[ ji Ir7jxkl k;D kr g w T s s w a s s s s , krkt kg rk' ukGr ct 4k;x kg rk' ukGr ]g rgd eg jGf 4hd jxkl Xe s a w s a w T s kjgy ]g k;kv ukGr3>el klsS 4kvg rgfkjrf ue kgo Bg rfk' kgt 4Cgu X , w X q s a q a a hH ue kr Cgu 6g ue dr cr g rfk'v dr ct 4g ue hg eku kd rfk'v s , , a , a 4Cg u hrkg thp Bkd hlt ue rk' dfk;D 4kugd g; g Cgu dhO3kjd rk' kd s s , a X , s a s ue ]g rgd eg 4g jkll hg eku kd gkp dfk;D ]re hg kgkp ]Sgfkp kugd T s , a X s 3kgkp re kd kthp hd jkll ]g rgd eg 4g hrkt kg jrjuf yH g; slt s s X a T s , s a w , ]g hrkg XyH jGf 4g hrLi hujd xk;im kd hukK hg k"kH hd hukKv Syflb T s w , \ s s 4g Cgu e ukK rfk'v hH hd d , X a r uOm n' 4Cgu n' lki d ukK 2g ;w'3g 9lybkl8 ukK ]Cgu ukct lk s s , , X i sd ukK 2g de3Cgu j[e ]g uke ukK dfk;D hrdl Cgu hH kg k"kH hd h , w q , , X s ukK 4g krLi kujd xk;im hg kd k"kH hd hukKv hH kdlm 4g Cgu k"kH Bk , \ s s , s d dr cv hd hukK jkv 4g krjd reuf k"kH hukKv dfk;D ]g e k"kH yH , , X T X X w 4g hrkt kg , s BkuOfd kr ]g hrkg yH e kyle dtku jkv el urb ct udfy g krkt y s T s X w X X q , w s s , p ]hrkv Cgu BkuOfd kr cr g rjd ;kekl 4g rjd yH e k"kH eg udfy s T s T s X w X s 4Cgu dhO kugd kul ko djfklkl ]g jkll hg kulko 4g jkll eku kd gkp ]Cgu dhO kugd gkp a , a , a djfklkl kr gd l dhO jxv 4Cgu rfr elm g kt3g kuekd hdlm g Cgu a s X s 1 X , s , , kt ]hg gkp 4g "krlv hg gkp ]g okur hg gkp dfk;D 4g k/kc hg gkp ]u3 s , s a , X , g Cgu k/kc gkp hd thp lb jkv g k/kc gkp hd thp lb df Cgu klS 4g , , , s , k/kc 9pl tS j;ktLf83hg gkp ]g k/kc gkp hd u/ df Cgu klS 4g k/kc , s , phc jkeg jkv kekeji kr hg gkp dfk;D ]rdl Cgu gkp kd kekeji eg s , s X s s 4g {ke go ]g krkt gj , s , kt kr gj u u/c ]kg `kld uyef kd {ke jkv u/c jGf 4g u/c dr cr s s s a a , s , a , a ]g xke dr ct ]g xke hd {ke dr ct dfk;D 4krdl kt Cgu kxke {ke , a , a s X a s 4g kulko hH g; ]g kNb hH g; ]g xke hH g; 4g hrjd rk'v jkv kIp , , , a , a , s hd rfk' g; ]g hg krkg kr rk'v 4g krkt kg rk'v henkv kvg kxy e k a , s s a , s a q X Ip hd rfk' kurtf krkg Cgu rk'v kurb henkv rk'v k;r<jk/kl Syflb s a s a a 4g krkg et kd , s rfk'v jkv dS Glf ]xke hd rfk' hdlm dfk;D g krkg Cgu rk' hHd go a , Z a a X , s a g krxke kd rfk' kt jkv 4g hryef rfk' jkv g krdl kt kLkN kd rfk'v , a s a s , , a , , s\ s a Glf ]krdl kt Cgu kxke kd rfk' 4g hrkg ek<jfi rfk' jkv 4g hrkg rD Z a s a , s a , , s
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]g n' djfhjk'3kujH kd ok? ]xyVhg g krkg cyre kd Fg 4g n' ryt , , s s T s q 7ryef l Fg e kvk"kH hHl hd epfi jkv ]g Fg e htxv 4g Cgu nko s s s X X , , s X zs a , q uv dhO7dhO kdlm e k"kH hldf hd k;ufn 4g rHnv rgc n' ;ko g; X q , q . q 2g , ;ko ukK ]g kr<Q ukKv 2g rDfe ukK ]g u/c ukKv 29eLh IehIv n , , q , a s 8 ]g rDfe eji ukK 4g krkg rIf? ukK cr 4g kL[ jdky,G Fkg ]uy kd y , q , s , \ s s s G hg Hi Nhi d sujd d;i l,t 4g krkojd hg Hi lt ]; jd lS ]g q z s s s z s , q z s , X s s , krht hg Hi jkv kjkp lt aStf lsS 4g krht l jrhH dikv hg qHi lt St q z s X s , s , s s z s , a f lS3kd uiv Arrv XLkN ]kd kuil LkN ]kd ;ofH LkN ]kd kvkulko LkN s s s s a s\ s X X s\ s X s\ s X X s\ 4g krkt uxke jn , s a fe kt g go hylv dek/v 3hg g dek/v kr go ]krkt Cgu3krkt Cgu j a s , , s nfe kt Cgu go dek/v 4g krkt sun nko;/ jnfe kt g hgo henkv dek/ a s , s a s , 4Sgfkp kukt un n s s ko;/ jnfe Syf dlm df g hGkd kurb go g kyef kt 4nko;/ Glf39xoV a s , , s Z xf lDF8 ]Cgu 9LkeLf83Cgu xke ]g nko;/ Glf kuFki `g k;D kuFki jGf T a a , Z Z z , Z z 4Cgu ye Bkd kd kuFki jkv xke 4g krkt kg rav kd kuFki hHr g rLt S s s Z z , a , s Z z T s q\ yf df uxke Nd Fkg hH ct jkv 2Syf d suxke Nd l kekeji rLt Fkg s a q , s a q s s q\ 4g hrkv I,ky kul , ko jkv kuekd hd kvro jGf kgo 4krOm Cgu Syf d u[n kd kekeji ue , X q a s s s s s l jrhH udfy g hrOm Syf d u[n kd kekeji kr [kv 4g krkg ky/7jx s T s s s s s X a , s q , ue sNhi d kFkg Sg Lt udfy g rkg y/ Fkg kr g krLkt Fkg ct jGf s X q s q\ s T s s s q s , s\ 4g krkt jd 'soi e jnfe go jdsy kd ue nax hlm 2rnfkNkv gjr hjc sl , z X a s s q X k<d y/ d jH7unf ]cykcy gjr hji l /ax hd kvkulko hd jH7unf ]kjH w s w s X s w l cnc hd uhli ]klkc klo kd kl,o ue `ue jxe 4g kry k/ jhj' ]g kr s , , s s , s y jd uku kr g kryp l j? 4kukt y jrhH srt df g kgj gd Cgu g; Te s , s s w wa 4g krkt y jrhH ue jxe ]g Cgu _ofiv hH , s , Nd klsS e rt 4kxkg Cgu _ofiv jnfe l rt 4Skt LkN jgkc kd ue ]g q X s w s a s s w s\ s , Cgu ktg rgc kr Skt y jrhH rwt 4g krkt y jrhH kd ue ]krn LkN jgk Z q s s s , s s s s\ c srt ]k;x e jnfe jkv kOm l ukdn henkv dS 4g krkv kyp Fkl kdum w X a , s q , Rpf 4g hrkv hyp Fkl hdum Xxke udfy 4g rkv e kulkim ]uk; ]kuZFki T a s T s X z ]kti ]e/ ]Syf d ekjof ]Syf d ekJof xky Sg Skjc? ]dF ]cM l ukKv w Z s s s q s s s 4 Crdl kg Cgu rkc kn ; 4krdl kg Cgu jkll kgkpuv jkv hrdl kg Cgu gk s X s s s a , s p hd kekeji Syflb 4g jkll kgo ]g gkp kgt 4g kekeji kgo ]Cgu gkp , a a , a , a akgt 4g Cgu cv ]k;x jkll ]Fv kd uIN d gkp 4g Cgu ue cv ]k;x je , a Z s w s , ue ]Fv kd ue rk' 4g Cgu ukGr cv ]k;x je ukGr cyre3ukGr rk' Z a , w w w a
=wl rfak

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ryx ue df g kr[hl hg; go kr k;kv e Fkg kIkd ]k;kv u e Fkg yG j s T , s X a X w , kv k;kPc Fkg sulm 4g kr[hl ryx knl l oHuv ;ue ]Sgfkp kugd 4Cgu \ , s q q dhO hH kugd klS n;k' 4Cgu kr[hl l oHuv go df g e rkc lb kukg s s q , X s rHnv lcl kdlm 4g rH.nv ;que udfsy 4k;x kg rgfkjrf yG ]kHp kIkd q . s , q s s w q a 2uw[ ]gy Glf k;x gj kr k;kv e Fkg ct3k;kv u e Fkg dr ct ]kL\i h; w Z s X X k[nf yG ]k;kPc Fkg Syf d yG d kuekd kgt7kgt 4kxy e Fkg kIkd kd w \ s w s a a X a [An Cgo kgkp kuLkr yG kd kuekd akgt7kgt ueg df g g; oHuv kjkeg q s\ w a s , q ekj dIH jkv ujgf xkH ~ s , s 2g krkt kg rOfrfi e ukK hgo g krkt kg rDe kt ]l gkp ] , s z X , s q s s s l xke3g krkt kg rDe kt l kulko ` /yim kxkg ld go 4g ;ko eji a , s q s s s s , , ukK dfk;D g rDfe eji ukK df g krkt kgd Syflb 4Cgu e rfFf df g X , q , X , hg Fv kd uid 2g kr<Q defk;kv ]9thlLf yvq;if8 hg uid kd kulko Z a , z a 4Cgu e kJof Bkd Cgd ]Cgu ekjof Bkd Cgd3g krkv kd kulko kdk> kjln kr ,g hr s s , X w s Ig kulko dS 4g krkg W' uid kjln kr g krIN uid dS 4g krkg Rpf , s q a w s , w a , s hg lsS e kFov hd ukKv hjkeg dhO 2kje cv~ ~ ~ kje df g krjL jkv g s X , , , krid k;hn kr g hrgc kog hd ukGr ct udfy 4k;x k[ jL kd rke `jL a s , w s s , kd rke k;D lm jGf ]Bg rDe l kdD/ d kog ky hd Shn 4g krkt kg rD , s q q s X s , , s e l ;H d q;e go ]kvg rDe l kulko kt3y y e yk;[ hH g; Syflb q s s 1 q q s s X s X 2kurp g hrid e jo ohr d kulko ]e kvkog ohr hd kvkNb hg lS dhO s , a X z s X X z X s s 4g hrxy sukg kd uje7uje ]kd u>c7u , s s s s s s q s >c rfk; kr g hrkv kog hd jkt 4g krkt kg kni jL kd rke ]kd u>c c q s s , s , s , , s q r g hrkg rifd ct jkv 4g hrkt kg rifd ]g hrkt kg <Q ]g hrkt kg r; , s a , , s a , s , s q l gxt 4Sgfkp hukg Cgu kgt g hrkt Ig kgo rfk; kr g rxy dD/ d s s a , a s s T s s s kog 4g krkt kg kgo Sgfkp kukg kgt 4g krkt kg gxt huiv ]g krkt kg F , s a s a , s , s o ]g krkt jgO ]g krkt kg iduf k;hn kr xy u kdk> kd kog 4g krxy , , s a s s X , kdk> kd kog ct `g cd uid ]g kgj yt k;hn `g cd rid ikv 4g uid X , a , T s a , a hg kNb 4g krkt k[ uid ]hrkg Cgu kNb 4jrhH g krkt kg uid hg kur , s a s , s a m hxkg kNb tr hurtf `k;df yk;[ uikv hHd ]g k;D uid `k;D xCjoo s s s , X a X , 4g krkg ryfG ; , s ko cr lc ]Skt gj u hH kjt xCjoo ]jrhH Skt gj u uid hH kl7kjt , a 4kuid u hH jHyi ]kuygf u hH jHpb3kukt jgO e ;o A g Fv kd ; a a X a , Z ko 4;ko g r/fcl l hjkehc defk;kv 49Gluo ub hc I83kukt kg rF , a a s s w s f e a;o A g Fv kd ;ko ]g hg krkg kr kujH kd ok? ]g hg krkg kr F X , Z , s s , s s g ]krkg Cgu hg Fg Fv kdlm 4g n' kjgx rgc ;ko 4krkt Cgu jgx s s s Z , q s
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hldf ji rkj 4krkg Cgu Fv rgc Bkd kdltf df klS ]ekd hg kl7kIskN 4 s s Z q s s X s s [n djd ekduf Glf ekd dS e I? lhckp 2ekd /kdS Glf3g ydfe u Z X s a , Z T q s jd kr cl ][n djd ekduf ekd /kdS e I? lhckp 4[n djd xk;i dS s X s s X s a , X s s s z 2g krkg ]g rgd kr o g rukt skt ]akg `g BkuOfd hl7uk , s T s s s T s , , d e ukg kIm llb kr g krdl kg g; jxv `klS krdl kg Cgu k;D `Skt X s s s s , s s s X kv e Fkg yG jkv Ldi kIkd df g krdl kg Cgu k;D kIm kr Skv e F X w , X \ a , s X s X kg kIkd jkv Ldi yG df g krdl kg klS jxv jkv 4dp [n ikv g; ]k;k a , X \ w , s s , s q s v e Fkg kIkd jkv kLdi kd yG 4k;yf [n djd kr oHuv dS uikv 4g X a , \ s w s s s q s , krkg klsS 4g e;uf kd hxntV hg klsS ]g 9lDkLkji8 hg klS 4k;x kg yG df s , , s s s s w g kryp kri ji uLdi kr Skt kLdi hH kIkd l okH ekduf ]g kte kLc , s \ s \ a s , \ 4kd okH ekduf g xk;i kjln go 4 rpkl Cgu kd ujd xk;i kj , s z w s s s s s z ln eg hHd udfsy 4g krxy Fkg [Aqn3hrkt Cgu k{kdkv hd yG hH jd>y w , a w m l kIkd jkc7jkc ]hH jdjxf7jxf jddF jkc7jkc 4g Lkn hjkeg ekdl 4y s X a , ,\ G d 'kdkv k; g jkr d hrj/ kr k; eld d kuekd 4rkg Cgu yG e 'k w s T s s s q q s s s w X dkv lo rkg Cgu jkr ji hrj/ lt 4Cgu rkg ]g eld'kdkv yG d kuekd s , s s s s , s s T q q w s 2Cgu hg krkg xe7<o df krkv Cgu e yk; a s 1 Z X [ g; udfsy 6kvkuc jhr j/"of df g krxy kr xy kuk'uf dhO u ]Skt j s , s s xf go dfkr kjke jhr kd xe7<o 2kLkn l htr jkv ~ ~ ~ h;x gj hed Nd s s 1 Z s ,\ s s , q X e ''fkd huiv df g krxy kr Skv u e Fkg xe7<o 4g rjGf7rLkn ekj s , s X 1 Z T s s ,\ 2kvkv sy kd xe7<o ]kvkt ]g hrgd 29ekj g rDf' ]krhl g kNb83 er s s 1 Z s , , , q kvkt df ]kd ekj lm ]kd ktM lm ]kd rDf' hd jrhH g hrgd 9xjV;ktLf s s s Z s , 8 hd jrhH dcl eg ]kulko hd jrhH d cl eg ]kuekd hd jrhH dcl eg s s s 2kvkv y kd s s s xe d ukl kvkt ]g hrkldm hH krhl hd jrhH dcl eg j,kv ]g krdIH 1 s s s s , s , kr hg Syf d xe d ukl ekj kd jrhH dcl eg e Fv dS 4g rdIH hg s s 1 s s s s X Z T s Nhi d xe d sukl hHl eg 4kxSkt kg ydfe kudQ kr Skt Li Bk[nf xe s s 1 s s s q s \ 1 kd ukl ]Skt hH kdQ kr kg xe hylv 4Skt kg ydfe kudQ kr Skt Li B s s s s 1 s q s \ k[nf Cgd kdikv udfsy `g krkg Cgd hH xe kd ukl 4g hOhe hLc kFd g; s , s 1 s s , \ 4ujke kd xe7<o g srLi s s 1 Z T \ yduf ekj 4ep kdlb kvkv sy ]kvkt ]g hrgd krhl 4<kc7"u/ g ry kOm Z s s , q T s s ekj ]g krLi Bk[nf xe7<o 4g krLi Cgu Bk[nf go g kt rji 4Cgu hg g , \ 1 Z , \ , s q a , skt ]g krLi Bk[nf Nd rgc e hxntV 4g krdl Li Bk[nf go krkg Cgu kt , \ q q X , \ s s ji ]Cgu krkg <jgf kd uskl 2xe7<o3g krkt Li Bk[nf xe7<o dS jkv s s 1 Z , \ 1 Z , T s , g Oc jgkc d k;Ifd huiv ekj a;o 4Xn LkN eg rkc hd k;efnkv <jk/kl s q s\ X 4g ryx hg kukPc Fkg Gjr hd yG df kr[hl Cgu , \ w g; 4kxMkPc Fkg Gjr hd yG dhO e cv 4k;nf kPc Fkg hg Gjr hd yG a \ w T \ w
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x 4Ikd unx hd kxky ygi kr Skuc jnfe henkv dS 4hrdl uc Cgu kyk' s X Z X s s s a e/ kucf d Idke d,y 4jd Idke dy ygi kr ]Skuc kyk'e/ henkv dS Z s s , s s Z 4g rL\i sujd iki hH Syf d ujd ;i ]jd ;i T s s s q s q Bkd hg urdf df g oHlv hH Syflb 4hxLi hujd ky[J hd k;i ruv jk s s , a s \ 1a X q a , v hd iki g ky[J ruv df g oHlv Syflb kr dS3g oHlv l <jkd kn , 1a a , a s , a s s 4g oHlv rDfe cr g krgd e udfy 4Cgu ;ki , a q wa T s m Bkd rDjfrfv d k;i ruv kr g iki rauv jxv 4kxLi ku/kl ;i dS7 s s X q a s T s \ q dS Syf d iki dS7dS ]sxgd hg; o3g r[j ckrdf7cklgf kd ed ]kd 9L s X s T s Z hL8 Glf kt ]Cgu kri hH Nd kd kekv gtf ]Cgu kri hH Nd kd 9xabhc8 Z s q X q gtf ]Cgu kri hH Nd kd oHquv7ekv gtf ]g 9Iyfjke8 g h_k'rfhu kt X q X T s T s 4kxkg rDf; jkv kxkg j s , s ckjc Hky7ufkg cr ]kxkg jckjc u/7<+ cr ]lyc cr ]kxLi kuIkd sl ; s X , s \ i dS7dS kd iki dS7dS 4g kLi kujd ;i hg kurm ]iki k;df kurtf ]x q s , \ q s gd o ]Cgu k;x hHd jiM d ;i jkv iki urpV kdutf ]Cgu kri hH Bkd X s s q , s kd e/ Xgtf rkFv h_k'rfhu ]g h_k'rfhu kt `hxSki jd Iu <jdf dS Z . Z T s hd ukK k;D kd iki Ikjof Lc surb `kxSki Lkr oHuv dS kd ukK k;D k s s \ s\ q s d ky[J hd iki hcy lb 4hd iki ky[J g hcy ]g ugx 4g d ket ruv a1 a a1 , a , T s X a ]g rauv ]d henkv iki g rgc 4g kgj krkt kNi hg knl ]g urkul ui g; T s T q , w , z krId Cgu l ;i hHd iki ~ s q 4kxSkt kyp krkg e s kduf uoht kji jh/7jh/ kr jGf 4hxkg kni dyi hd nukv hL\c hurm kxkg w s s s s , q a s ekd kLc kurtf kr ]g hrkg kni dyi hd nukv hurb Xe ekd IskN urb ct \ s , s , q a s s 4hxsxy suxt kuokH hd sukg ekduf hH e ekd Lc jGf kr xy ukv oHu s X s \ s s s q v jxv jkv 4h;x Lkn jrhH ki hd joB dS ]gxuv dS 4h;x Lkn hd r , ,\ z q ,\ fk' jgy dS df sxSki jkv ekduf Lkt Fkg Glf ]Cgu Nd 4Cgu 9 LhL8 hL a a , X s\ Z q c Bkd ]Cgu ; kLc Bkd ]hg jkdeu Glf3h;x kv dy> dS hd nukv d \ s \ s Z a f xSki ykdr jrhH kr ]d kuekd kucf ]y jd jkdeu jdLkt Fkg hH kd s a s s X s\ s rpfjfiv ]hH kd jhxgkj ]hH kd ut l <jk/kl jxv ]xSkt kg ukjg ikv s s s s a s , 4[n djd d kue X s s s kd kucf kr jkdeu ed l ed 4kgj Cgu dr jkdeu kucf d kuekd 4g kr s s s , dl Li ekd hHd jGf df g krjd jkdeu Syflb go 4g krjd jkdeu c \ , , v hg jIufef ;o 4Cgu hg kr[n Gjr hdlm Bkd kr ]k;x kg 9lDS8 ]cv k a s s s s gj Cgu jIufef `Skt Li ekd cd ]Cgu kri 4g krkt kg jkdeu kr ]g jI \ , s s , ufef 4g hrkg kuekd e dr jkdeu 4rdl jd Cgu dr jkdeu ekduf xk , s X s s y udfy 2krkg Cgu p[ Nd kr elm 4[n djd jkdeu ekduf ydcf kd s s Z q s X X s s q s
=wl rfak

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]e hyIki k/kc ]g kj/v kurtf g krgd go 4kd hnkodrfu ]g kgj jd ekd X s s a , s a , , , kd Iyfjke jGf kr gkp kudG jd/kc e k;yfIki skd j/v Bkd jxv ]akg s s s X a X X s s s a s 2Cg; jkv hHv3k;x kj/av ]hyhr h;kyt ui , s s kv j/b lc 4krkg Cgu orfv Bkd kd j/v dfk;D ]Crkg Cgu ri hd js/v s s s s a X s s a 4hrkg Cgu kru?l Bkd eum ]g rkg d 9hIlfL ku8 df Sgfkp kugd k; g s s X T s s s X s T s s s rkg d 9hIlfL8 hg dS kj/v kukji kd rkj dS jkv kj/v kukji ykl jktg X s a q , s a q 4hrd l Lkr Cgu s>e rfk; hl7hIkN hurb hd Shn Syflb ]g k;x kg 9LLd8 ]u s\ q s s wa s s a ?l rgc e l kykl jktg df krdl gd Cgu hH g; go 4g kukji ykl jktg q T s X wa q e df g krdl gd Cgu g; go 4k;x kj/v kukji ykl jktg df k;kyt k; T , s a q hn uikv ]Cgu 4kxId e cr aSkyt Shn dr ykljktg ikv `kxyp s wa T s Cgu ekd l surb df ]k;D kxgd kj/v kr ]sxaSkyt k;hn ikv jkv g kj/v s s s a s , , s a kukji ykl jktg 2nc ykr jkv nc tkojn ]l ykl jktg g kj/av e j? dS q a s , a s s , s X 4gjr hd js/v s a g iki 4hrkg Cgu 9hIlfL8 Bkd hd iki ]hrkg Cgu kru?l Bkd hd iki df k , s X s s s vg hg; cyre kdlb `kdlb kvg cyre k;D 4hxn jd <h{ kd kiki cl d q q s s X s ikv kuI? dS hd ukK hH kr ]g hiki Lc lcl eum ]g hiki urtf e or s T s \ s X T s X fv39julf IIzsx n8 ]g hiki Lc lcl hH e k;ifki cl ikv jxv xgd o 4x s T s \ s X X s X s s jd go ]g rukt hH kt rkc hd Ifn hjgx3 rkc hd Ifn jkv hg rgc dS X T s s 1 1 , q 4g hrkt gj hLi hg e jdDp skr Ifn drf , \ X 1 u 4hrdl kt Cgu dr rDfe hHd Ifn drfu 4krdl kg Cgu rDe hHd rDf; , q 1 , s q drf,u Syflb 4kxkg Cgu rv hHd kd yro lb 4kxSkt kojd iki Su ;qi s a qZ jkv ]sxIkd l ;i jkc jg ]kxLi kuIkd kd iki jkc jg 4kxSkt kg iki e , X s q s \ s s X s ujd ;i lm jGf ]hd ''fkd l ;i hd suIkd kd iki lm jGf 4kxSkt skg q s s q s iki e ujd ;i kr hd ''fkd hd uIkd kd iki l ;i jxv 4rdl Cgu k X s q s s s s s q s t ikv jgkc dlb ]g p In ]g 9ydl l;'fof8 ]g yro ruv g; kr cr s , q , , qZ a s 4kxSkt kg iki hg Syf s d sujd ;i 4kxSkt kg iki hg e uht 4jkpc g rkt je Bd 4g krkt kg u s q s X s s s T s , s kni7uknkv kd kv<koht k[ky ]g ry ikv ucp kd hldf 4g rkt kg Iu <k z X q X T s s qa T s s q oht el [ky dS chjd ]ky[ jkv kyef l Okv Okv jkc dS ~ ~ ~ kr kxy w q , s X X s s kc 4g rkt kg Iu q<koht IkN [ky dS Bkd e lko dS ]g rgd dufkKo s T s s s s s X T s , ~ ~ ~ kr kxsy hH lko 4hxkg klgV ]kr kxOc3hxkg klgV ]kr kxOm3hxkg klgV ] s s s s , s s s s s kr kxyp3g rkt kg iki jktg hg e uht jkv ]hgl kr kxStf ed l ed S s T s s X s , s s yf d ujd ;i henkv dS 4krLi Cgu jFi kd oCu hd jnfe kucf sIkd uZn s s q \ a X
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s llm ji ]hg g kr iki kd henkv dS7dS ]9ulf yutfjfkv8 4g kjgx rgc , s s , q 9uLc8 ]g kjgx rgc jkH kd iki jiM d r;bklB 4k;yf y gjr hd r;yfl Z , q s s v ]Cgu gjr hd suil 4k;yf y l krjhHax rgc ]k;nf n ;e hjkH rgc kd s s q s w q s iki u r;bklB dfk;D `sxkg rgfkjrf ld iki e <{ dS df kd rkc lb h; s X X s s , X s ki >el Cgu hHd r;bklB ]kd rkc lb h;ki >el Cgu hH hHd hIuf;pff s 4iki xSkt Id e <{ dS ]g rgd ; 4g Xrkc h s a X T s s T d gjr ldf s; df Bg krpV n[ kdlm ]kjgx kF drpV ]kF h"hue3Bg krpV q q s q kd jkguik' n[ 4g krkg eyke drf,uv ]g krkg eyke 9yjkeb8 kr Fx g s s s q , s w , s w s za ; ]kgd ukgm kr Sg rnfkouv e epfi Fx d rjkH jkc hygi ct Syflb s X s q q X za s 4krkt gj Cgu kun7kusy Nd l kuil kd henkv Sg xkt 2rkel cl ]rke s q s X s q s l uil ]rkel rkj hg lo g krkt xkt Bkd lt gcl 4hxSkt y kgc rfkH s s , , s s , q s a hd kuil kd kiki jkl jr <jdf dS hd ukK df ]utv ]g krgd e hH kr X s X s s s qZ wa T s ]r kg hiki kLc lcl ]r kg hiki kLc hg kurdf df g rgd hH < Syflb w s \ s w s \ T s 4g krkt k;ki Cgu hH kd uIkd ]g krkt k;ki , s s , Cgu ji hxntke hd ;l go 4dl kt kIkd df g Cgu kr hH kurb go 4krd w , s , s l kt Cgu kIkd l ;l go g ;lv kt 4krdl kt Cgu kIkd l pl go ]g s , s s , O> dfk;D 4rdl kt Ikd Cgu hH l FkF; uil jkv 4g rPc uil e uIkd w X s s s Z s , T s \ s X s s s l uil kd kuil dfk;D rId Cgu l uil suil 4kxLi ku[j hjkt ku[sn kui s X X s s s s \ l hH kr xIkd l uil suil 4rkt Ikd Cgu l suil uil jkv 4g rfkH hd u s s X s s s s s s , , a o hH ;i ]g rfkH hd uo iki df g g; go g k<"k? pkol kt hd ukK q , a , , s s 4g rfkH , a hd uil iki 2g krkt II kuil lc 4kxIef kuil cr kx[n FkF; hg kurb s , w s wa s Z e /kjof d uil cv ]k[n kuil kurb jH7rkj df rgd Cgu g; ikv jGf 2 X s s s s s k;x kuil ]hy[ dyi ]k;kygf u hldf kl7kjt `g krdl II ld kuil kd q s , w s , jHrkj l ukygf l7surb kr ]k;nf kOm jdkygf u hldf kl7kjt jkv jd[sn s s s s s , kuil kd jHrkj ]g rOm eg gcl ct df k;kOm Cgu ykol klS uikv hHd T s q s s 4g hrkt kg rDe l uil gcl lt g krkt kg rDe hg lS sl , s q s s q s , , s q s s rhrv uiv henkv jGf ]g rkt syp Fkl d hlm hH hgc7rk[ cl kr Skt s T s s s s kyp hg 9e8 ct dfk;D 6F Sdf iki hHd ue df kryp Cgu kri hH klS kr T X s s T s s jGf 4k;x kj/v cl df kyt3g klt uyt d rfk; kr ukK 4g jrhH ukK s a , , s s s s , ]g jgkc ed 4g oHquv ukK ]Li kujd iki eltf df g Cgu ; Bkd ukK , Z , s \ X , s 4g krdl kg d iki k , s s ucf ukK dfk;D ]g krdl kt kIkd l ukK Glf kr kd iki 4krdl kg Cgu ku X , s Z s s s cf d iki el hH ;i dfk;D 4krdl kt kIkd Cgu l ;i kd iki ]gj uk; s w q X s q s s 4kxdp Cgu kj/av ]xkvkt dp ikv 4kx s q s s s q gj gxt huiv kj/v jrhH jkv jgkc hjdkI kgj rdG 4kvkv jddG jgkc s s a , s s s X s X
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V ku83g rov kj/v 4g Cgu ro Bkd e j/v ]g Cgu IId 4g Cgu 9lIll s , q s a , q s X s s a , X a , X 8 Bkd e j/v ]g Cgu 9y;'fIll8 4rdl Cgu ykduf jdn kdD/ kr kg ku s X s s a , X s s s s ykduf jgkc d j? kj/v 4rdl Cgu ykL kj/v jdkt e j? d uen 4rd s s a s s a X s q s l Cgu dG jd/kc e hjOx kd j/v ]rdl Cgu Ikd l jkoyr kd j/v Sy X a X s s s a s s s s s a flb 4g Cgu 'kdi df g hg kurb cyre kd js/v 4g gjr hlb kj/av 4Tg Cg , z , s a , s u e jed ikv cv ]g rgd eg kr Sx syp jgkc jkv F ikv e jed slt X s T s s , s X s , 4g 9llS8 Glf3g rfFfiuv hd 'kdzi , X Z , q Glf kj/v 2Cgu g jkv g krn kid <ki ]g krn kjL ]g krkg ku? ]g hGkd Z s a , s , s a z , s , s , 2g hH jGf ]Cgu g kj/v df kd hxntV g lDkLkji g; ]g kte g; 4g hH , , s a , , , , jGf3,g Cgu thp Bkd kj/v ]g Cgu 9y;'fItDfS8 kj/av 4g Cgu orfv Bk s s a , X s , s d kd sj/v 2Cgu ydcf g jkv ]g krLi kukIef tkj ]Cgu g kj/av3g kjs/v s a q , , , \ s , s , a 2g klsS udfsy 4g rjWt k;D hH hd ukIef , , s sdlm ]Cgu krkg hHd e/v kt jkv `g rjWt k;D hd kuikFl hdlm krkg s Z s , , a s Cgu Iu hHd e/ kt 4hxLi ewyke rkc hIm hLc dfk;D3>el kLkF lb 4g Z s s \ \ X X s\ s , hrkt Li rjWt hd ukIg kd e/v uhgorfv lm hH jGf jkc7jkc udfy 4 \ s s Z s krkg Cgu ukoorfv hHd e/v hg lo krkg Cgu uhgorfv hHd e/ slt 4 s Z s , s Z , g hrkt Li rjWt jrjuf hd kOrfzZiui hdlm 4g hrkt Li rjWt jrjuf hd , \ a q , \ a kuikFui hdlm Syflb 4g krkg Iu e kFv sd ukg ry 4g krkg ry ud Z q , s X s s q , s q fy ]Cgu hg kxkg Iu kr e/ 4krkg Cgu Iu hH Nd ]krkg Cgu hHd Iu e/ s s s Z s q s Z ekFkuikFl e/ ~ Z a Z 2g krkt kyp jki d iki7;i ]g krkt jki d rfhu3g 9yjke jiql8 , s q , s , ]g drfurfv ]g Cgu drfuv3g 9yjke S8 ]g Cgu 9yjkeb8 urpV ;hrjkH , , , , , , 4kxSkt yef kg rgkp kuki er kt ]kxSkt IN kg rgkp kuLk s s q s w s s s\ N er kt ]cl "' jkv ky tk[ kd <jdf hd 'kdi ZGlf df g gj gd < q s s , s s s z T s s kt hgo 4kxSkt yef gr cl "' jkv ky tk[ kd ;kj d qHi Glf ]kgd X q s , s s s s z Z s u llht 4 9; I uv LLS hc y' lS ykv LS Lkx Gkv eLxdV n IG h; w w s , a Z dhl83kgd u llht 4g krkt kg W' oim kr g rjd kokn ct kd u>el s , s q s T s s 4syko su>el u ]Ski >el Cgu kd jhokge u,t ]Ski >el Cgu kd < ngV s s w 4g , krkg knl df kl,t ]h;ki >el Cgu kd llht r;bklB udfy ]yk;[ g; kF C s s s gu kd llht 4h;x kg <Q jdkt e jgx r;bklB Syflb 4 krLi h;k[nf Cg s s X s \ u kjkdIqN llm kjd ;i hg kurdf 4krLi Cgu h;k[nf kjkdIN Bkd kd iki s s q \ q s jkv 4k;x kg hjkH okH kd /kjiv ]h;x kg 9uLjf7Ixf8 hIuf;pff Syflb , s s 4g ydfe rgc kuIkd , q q s kdlm 4g ji hrkN hd k;efnkv cl hH go kF k;df iki kt u henkv ygi , X s s s
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4g hrsn j T H l tjl jGf jdkv kt ]g krLi kukv Iky kd kvkurp ukok<Qd jkc7jkc s w s , \ , s X s jkv g krkt kg u?l kj/v jkc7jkc udfy 4hdum g hrgj hrLi hu'kj ji , , s s a s , \ s IhG ln jkp kn ]heh/ kFr hl7hLkF 4hdum ki hLc Xe rkj jxe3yr kd h s s\ \ s ef ]ybkv ulfkjd3g hg hlsS LhH hd krl7/kl rFfdkFr 4g krLi kukyp s , , \ X a q , \ ekd hH lum ]g hryduf hg ed hu'kj ]g kryduf hGkd kv/ lutf ]hd u s , s , a q s lfkjd yhnd ]s;hn Ike7IkN cr ji hoi rkg Cgu orDf; lt < ct kr s , X a s s s s 1 s s s , s 2g kryp ekd lc `yhnd kgd ]tjl kgd 4g kr , a a w a , yp Cgu ekd udfy ]g rkyp ekd llm 4g ry kyt yhnd hd ulfkjd 4g s T s s T s s a s , T sry kyt ;hn d hef eg kr kd ;l krkt gj Cgu 'kdi ct if|; 4g krL\i s s s s Z w z , kuy liko kd 'kdi jGf l ;l 4g krLi kuIky ji hoi liko jGf kd e/ s s z s Z w , \ , 1 s Z s l rk ye 4g krLi kuIky ]g rgd < ]e xq;7x; 4g krLi kutk[ unf s w , \ , T s X q , \ s rfi 4e/ g rfkH hd 'kdi ]e/v g rfkH hd j/av 4g e/v jkv e/ hg slS z Z , a z Z , a s s , Z , Z s 4g krLi kutk[ jkv g krLi kuk , \ s , , \ yt >kl tkj hH jGf ]g knl 'kdi 4g krkv jrm tkj hH jGf ]g Cgu hHd a s , z , s , kj/v 2Cgu kF hHd ]Cgu hg g 4krkt Cgu Cgd ]krLdlf Cgu Cgd `g krkt s a , q\ , iNf jdLdlf Cgd `g krkt kyp kgd kj/v kr g krkt kv tjl gcql ct q\ , a s a s , w 4kj/v Cgu hg g dfk;D ] s a , X kdlm g Cgu rk 4g krn jH l j/v kd j? dikv ukd `jnkp hd j/av j , s , s s s s a s s , s s i hoi lb g krn ykL ukd `g krkv l kgd kj/av ]kNi uikv hHd 4g Cgu 1 , s , , s a s w s , 9lkl8 Bkd ]9j; ku ek83 `g krkv l kgd kj/av 4hu'kj g hrkt kv sl Z s s s s s , s a s s , tjl 4g Cgu hH Cgd `g kgd ]g kri rk kd js/v 4kd 'kdi g rk tjwl w , , a , s s a z , s 2~ ~ ~ g knl kt e/ ]g Cgu kt e/v3 , s Z , s Z Syf d ukIg kd j/v d e/v ]Syf d sukyt kd Shn ]Syf d kuikFl hd s s s s s a s Z s s s a Ze/3FkuikFl ]g rgd < kr 4g kL[ kj/v kr kvkyt u ]kvkyt k;hn > Z a T s s , \ s a s s s a kl tkj 4g kgj Li kukt tkj kdlm kg orfv kdltf 4kd 'kdi g orfv s , \ s s s z , 4g Cgu , orfv Bkd kdlm 2g Cgu ]g rgd hH dufkKo ]ydcf g kr Cgu 4g kry s , T s , q , s , s jd k;g kjk;g l ukg dlm g Cgu kt ]g rkt y jd hjkp jkp l ukg d s s s s , s T s s s s s s s s lm g Cgu kt ]g rkt II ji7Fkg l ukg dlm g Cgu kt 4g krkt jxf e , s T s w , s s s s , s , X s x henkv l ukg dlm g Cgu kt 4g LlS dfk;D Sgfkp Cgu kugd g; 4g k s s s s , s , Z X , rkt jxf e sx henkv l sukg dlm g Cgu kt df g rkc hd ydfqe hLc g; X s s s , s , \ 2Skt a II ji7Fkg ]g kr kurb ]n kjxf e x df g kr kurb 2n kid df g kr kur w , , s s X s , s s a , s b ]n kjL df g kr kurb 4g hH jGf udfy ]Cgu g Nd e j/v 29xFVu ]xF s , s , s , q X s s a
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2g dhO kr dl kv e >el klS 4g krkt jWt kN ]krkg Cgu rifkF , s s X s , s hHd e/v 4g krkt jWt k[ ]hHd e/ krkg Cgu Iu Syf d kuikFal Auqi Z , s Z s s 4g rjd ''fkd hd u>el jdk T s s s yt Shn d hef uiv7suiv eg cr rgj Cgu uekl d [kv ct3g rkt Ig s s s s s a T s go ct ]g hrkt k;/fkp [kv hjkeg ]g rkv ji hoi hH ct rDf; d gjr T T X a T s 1 s lb 4rki >el Cgu kd hldf eg l eub 4kd nege u ]kd jhokge u ]kd s s s X s q s s 0c u ]Ski >el kd Ibk u ]Ski >el Cgu dr hHv eg kd < Syflb q s s 4g kjrm tjl df ku>el kr ]g hrkt Li ydfqe ]g srkt , w s , \ T Om ykol jktg ]g hrkt k;/fkp [kv ]rki >el Cgu hHd ikv kdutf 4g T T X a s s T Shn d hef d j? df kusy >el ]g rki >el ikv kdutf 4hd hlo ]hgkp s s T s s , hlt ct 4hd hpM7hphu hRc l Fkg suiv ]h;k>qc7h;kyt e j? uiv 4g yh , a s X s T nd hd ulfkjd o ]kusy >el3g rsy >el ikv kdutf jkv 4g krkt k;df 9 a s , s T s s , , LIjLv7lef8 k'eg 6krkt Cgu k>el hH hHd kd k;rDf; lt < Syflb T a s s X s , 4kxjd Cgu kyeg l jkt cv n;k' 4g kj/v ]g s s s , w , ed tjl kLkF ]g rdl [n hH eg df g krkv klkjH kLkF l uxy <gx ` w s\ T s s , s s\ s s z g rkc k;D 4kr[sn Cgu Bkd ]g nt,ke l rdkr hji huiv tkj d <gx kucf , s , w s w s s z tjl `g Sx kg yxki 4g r[n xky kd tjl sxy <gx ]g rkc hd te Lc w T s T s s s s w z , s s \ g; 4Bkd kr[n Cgu kF;v ]g krxy <gx ct g kr[n hHr henkv kd tjwl s s , z , s s 4kxSkt kg kj/v ]hxSkt kg nc [kv ]hxye s s a a s a X a s f ed hu'kj kr [n Gjr hd tjl 4g hrkt k;/fkp [kv kr kGn Bd 4g hrk s s X s w T T X a s , t kg I>a> kr ]g krkt kg 9jImkdS8 4g hrkt kg ydfe uekl7uekv d kx s s , s a , s q s s s X s s , ky lt < 4g kryp xll l krl7/kl Syflb 4g r[n l te kd Shn 4sr , a s X a q T s s s s s [n Cgu suekl7suekv ikv hHd kd tjl df k;df yk;[ hHd uikv 4krdl s s w s kt k[n Cgu uekl7suekv kd kvkurp hl,t tjl df g krkg hH klS jkc Bd s s s X s w , s s
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g; kjkeg 2g kgj kt kyp hg kryG~ ~ ~ g kgj kt kyp hg krkg jkv ]k;x k , , , s , s g kt3g rukt kd c iW{o kr eg 2k;x kg kt3c rHl ]g rukt kd s T s s z 1 s s s z w a T s s c jln kr eg 4rukt Cgu eg lb udfy ]Bg rfFf dS hd c rHlv lb z s w s s s s q z w a 4g ncV hHv , q udfy3g kd ukg ]kxkg Idi hHv ]g kiNf hHv 2g 9y;'fIki8 ]Cgu k;kv 9 s , s s s s z , , X s lItDfS8 hHv `rHlv 3kvg Cgu Idi rwH hHv eltf ]kvg Cgu W' kuskg X w a q z X q q hHv eltf3g rHlv hgo ]g krgd ncV ltf LhyD;3g Fv kd c rHalv X , w a , q s q , Z z w 4g e k"kHjfi Glf go krLi Cgu h;k[nf qnc , X Z \ V kt Syflb 4Cgu kxsuc ncV ji txkd d BkLkp7Bkcy kucf dfk;D 4krdl k s q s ,\ a X t Cgu kpC[ kd ncV ]g hrdl kg k;k; Glf hd ncV lS 4kg u BkLkp jkv s q , s Z q s s s ,\ , Bkcy eltf ]hd ncV g g; k"kHjfi 4g hrkg hg kuid hd ncV dfk;D ]eg a X q , , s q X T s g rdl jd hg kuid 4c iW ncV ]c iW thc A g Fv kd c rHalv z q z , Z z w 4g kgj kt kyp k , rkg thc ruv jdyG hH thc kl7kIkN dS 4kxSkt kg kLc hg kurb jGf th s a , s s \ c dS7dS l e thc ruv jkv 4sxXxy thc ruv e {o lm jGf jkv 4hxXdl s X a , a X 1 , jd ekJof phu dlm k;Lfkxyc jktg df kxkg {o kLc kurb l thc sl7Ik s s a \ , s 1 \ s s s N kjt 4kxkg {o3kxSkt kyp hg kryG jdv kr nkc d uII d thc 4kF Cg s 1 , q a s s s w s u kII thc ct ]<{ defFki ydcf kd okyG 4jd kuid eg hd <{ lm w z q , X kF kyG Cgu go ct 4c ;w' A g Fv kd c rfwHlv 4"f+ kd n"ufim g , z , Z z a . , krgd rfHlv kdltf kvg Fv go kd c kr dS3 Sg Fv kn d c cv w a s q Z z s q Z s s z 4g kt kvg krkg Z<hrof jrjuf ~ ~ ~ 9xLVilDS hyIIkd83g krkt , s q s a T X a , kyp krkg kt 2g <hrof e k;fi ]Cgu klsS3g <hrof e rfFf ]Cgu klS3 s s , Z X z , Z X s g <hrof 4g krkt kyp krkg Z<hrof knl kt ]g cyre kd c 4g iW d n , Z , s s , z T s ' hg dS 4g rkg reuf l rk/ ye hg dS jkrof jkv c 4g krkt kyp T s s s q w , z , hg kryG kt ]g krkg Fv kd c 4kvg kryG ]g krkg Fv kd c 4krkg , s , s Z z q , , s Z z s Cgu kekeji cyre kd c 49 xLVTilDS hn8 ]g krkg cyre kd c lm ]g z , s z T rgd zc ltf n"ufim udfy39louf; xLVilDS8 ]g k;df W' kujd xk;i s s . s Z q T , q s m hHv n' g; kr su ukKof df g hjWt huy y e yk;[ hH rkc hjln dS s , s s X w 4hxSkt hyp hg hrkg hLc g; 4g jkrof uhgrv g; 2g h s \ , a , rdl kg hLc dr cd g; df rdl Cgu gd Nd eg ]g rgd dufkKo 2tkj s \ s q T s , s g hrkt hyp hrkg hLc /fjfi ~ ~ ~ g kgj yG hH tkv ]k;x kyp kryG jG , s \ , , , f3kxkg kgj kLdlf ji ncV oof kjkl g; ct ]kxkg kgj jWt klS <{ dS s q\ q s s 4kxSkt krLdlf ]kxSkt krkg kIskN oof ]sxIky Nhi urtf e ;el 2Iky Nh q\ s X , s s X X , s i ikv3kxkg kgj ji d ;' df kxkg kgj kLdlf kurb oof g; ct ]kxkg s X w s q\ s kgj hH klsS <{ dS df A Sg Fv kn dlb 2oof kvg kryG ]9louf; xLVTi q Z s s q , Z q lDS83g gj kt jn yirfi l jln7dS s; ]g rLi h;k[nf eg rkj jkr kt ; T s w z s s w T s \ X s s s
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dl kt k;kuc yro dS phc d Pc jkv pc 2Cgu ]kxgd duf'kn ;hrjkH3 qZ s s w\ , s s Z g hrdl kt hpC[ k[j h/hl e phc d Pc jkv pc l cklgf dlm kr Ni , s X s s w\ , s s s s X w s l drpV huku; eg jxv Ar<jk/kl kr ]kvg kni kpc dS lt 4>el kdlb w s q , s , X s 4hrkg Cgu e k[j h/hl rfx Bkd s X s s 4g 9jydl8 ]g jkdkyro rfx hHl df g k<jk/ hd u'n ;hrjkH ]g UHf hL , qZ , qZ , Z , c k<jk/ hd uZ'n ;hrjkH 4g kLi e ydfe hLc ukKof kd epfi llb 4g \ , \ X q \ s , krjd rfx e k[j h/hl knl ;el df g g; kr;ke ye dS hd u'n huku; X s , w Z w 4g kL[ ji um go g aSkr;ke ye kt hd u'n hukuw; jkv 4kvg rlf , \ T w s Z , q dof l uZ'n hukuw; ]l hGlkyGf dhx ukKof kji kd epfi df g <jkd kd s s z w , ukg u 4g <jkd kd ukg u3g Cgu k<jk/ go hd ukKof d epfi dr cv u s s , s s , s dfsy 4kxLi kujd Wq' kupkl l xP lm kd dufkKo ]yd Cgu tkv ]unf dS s \ s s a s , 4Sgfkp kuy >el kd xP lm jkv g rpkl l xP jkv Nd .n s s a , T s s s a , q "ufim udfsy 4kxLi Cgu h;k[nf kjkr kjlwn l jkr dS df xSkt kg jwn ur s \ s s s a s s b jkr unf dS kr k;x kyp kryG gjr hlb hg; jxv 4Skt kyp hg kryG s s , , df g krLi eyke ycsohldub g; jkv ]krLi Cgu h;k[nf <jkd Bkd kd u , \ w a , \ s s s dQ d okyG lb 4kLi kun LkN gjr hd ;gj lb ]j[fkv kdum 4Sx Li Xe s , \ s s\ s s \ u>ym hLc o ]k;df ekd hGkd ji lb sukgtf dky jkv uhIlbkv Syflb \ s X a , a 4kxSkt kyp hg krPc g \ ; `ld kxdQ g; `kgd kxdQ g; ]Cgu hxSkv Cgd kr k/kc Syfhlb 4k;x s , s a s s kg klgf kd c rHl ]k;x kg klgf kdlb hH go df g cyre kdlm kr g s z w a s , s , Nd jgkc jxv 4g Cgu hH Nd jgkc dlb ]g jrhH dlb Nd hHl dfXk;D q , q s , s q `l kgd hxSkv k/kc Bkd kdlb `kxdQ kgd g; ]g c rHl kt g; udfy s a s s s a , z w a s s 4rDo ji g hgj pC[ lm ''fd hd uhet kr SkjdI u l {o 4g krkt kj sw , s s s 1 , dI l {1o hldf go 4g hrkt yef k/kc ji 4kxdQ Cgu hH Cgd g; kr yef s , s s s u k/kc Bkd dr ct kd jFi lb jkv l Fkg g krdG e kd jFi dS slt s s , s wa X T s , 2Skt uc k/kc thp jkv , Bkd df g rjWt Syf d sudQ `g k;D <jkd Bkd kd udQ `kxdQ k;D jkv s , s , s s s X , kxdQ jdkt kgd df g Cgu ycohld 9louf; xLVilDS8 dfk;D 4g k;x L\i s a , s a Z q T X , e BkuOfd hL\c ukKof `k_k; erfv hxkg k;D df rdl gd Cgu hH g; eg X a s s jkv 2kd ukg {1o su thc kxkg k;kOm end kygi ct 2k_k; hxkg Bg W' g; , s s s s q q ct ]jd ;r ld eg kd <{ lm d ;el df rki jd Cgu ;r hH dufkKo X s , s s s , 4g hgj kt jwn , gjr lb l ykdrauv 4g hgj kt jn l d /fjfi l rfx hurb 4yhe jktg h s , w s X s lk;Nf [ky dS Ldl rfi g rfx hd k<jdf hd ;l jkv 4g gj Ig jwn l X s z , X Z w , T s s d3Tg gj Ig jn l jln7dS jkr l rfx hlm g rfx kt hd k<jdf hd ;l 4 X s w s s w s s , s X Z w g kgj kg kLc yirfi g; ]g ed rgc kugd tkj 4g kgj kg kLc tkj oof , s \ z , q s , s \ s
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4g rkt rdp ; duf;kl T s s q kj cl d uhet ]g krkt krdp utkH ]g krkt krdp ykIi ]g krkt krdp s , q s , q s s , q ky;kd 4g hrkt hrdp Xthp cl ]g hrkg eyke Iduf rke ]g rkt yp rkg s T q , s w , T s s s s knk; henkv ]g krkt krLi ed utkH 4g hrkg hPc df g krxy l cklgf B , \ s , s w\ , s d udfy ]hxkg e kFov ldf cv hoi df g Cgu ;kim kd ukxy kri Bkd s s X 1 , s s lki jkeg 4Bg kni sygi "o cjv jkp Bkd df g rgd dufkKo ]hjkeg ho1i s q , Z s T s , 4g Cgu yro kLc Bkd ykl jRl 4g rkt kg sj , qZ \ s T s s i ykl jRl hH e yro d jH<{ 4g hrkt kg rke3g krkt kv kikPc ]g sr w X qZ s , s , , q\ T s kg kni spc ]g krkg ei ]g hrkv hukot ]g krkv uipc 4g krkt kg kji go , , s zs , , , s w g rjd kji ikv kt e ykl jRl ]e yro d jH<{ dfk;D 4g krht ed T s w s X X qZ s X , s s l yko ykl jRl go g krht jH <{ kt df kupkl re g; ikv jkv 4g srk , s s , T t cL e nkc d <{ ]g rkg kni e W' d <{ 4g hH h<ki yko uht jH<{ w X s T s s , X q s T z s s 4g yro IskN hH llb 4g krkt kg kji yro >kl ]g krkg kni gcl kxri T qZ s s , s w qZ a , s , q a dS 4g hH uoht d yro IkN udfy 4g kd ykl jRl yro kd uoht jkeg T s qZ s s s , qZ s 4kdlb kxkg s yro kcy kLc 4kxSkt Iky liko Cgo g k;kv l kgt 4kxSkt kg ;' liko qZ a \ , , s a s w 4kxSkt jxf e c rHlv liko ]kxkg kPc ]kxkg ukot ]kxgj kpc jdyG X z w a s w\ s s , g; ]g c kvg kryG kt g; df g krgd go g urpV kt kd rjkH Syflb , z q , s , , s `kxdQ kgd kr Skv u Iky lik s a s , o ji ncV d ;e jkv Skt kyp hg kryG et jxv 4kxxy ukg kPc ukot q s q 1 , , s s s w\ jkv kxSkt kg W' kucL yro e jn hg hLkF ]g kgj kg ukot kpc dr ct , s q w qZ X s s\ , s udfy `okdQ kxkg kgd 4hxLi ydfe hLc kr Skt krkg hg ukot kpc j s s a s \ q \ s s xv udfy 4g kgj kg ukot kpc lt g hg lo g 9louf; xLVilDS8 kt g; s , s s , , s , , Z q T s 4g kre? ykx hH uoht 4g Cgu h/ , w s , hl rfx Bkd 4g yro _ke rfx 4g re? ykx hH jkr7nkp ]g kre? ykx hH s , qZ T s w s s a , w s Z w T ;l ]g hre? ykx hH Sr+ ]g hre? ykx hH hoi 4g jkdkyro ak;rfx r w s a q , w s 1 T qZ el df g hlsS k<jk/ hd "fhue ;oi 4g yro dS3g hrkg >kl jGf ],g hr , w , qZ , s a kv gcl jGf ]g hrkg >kl ]g hrkg gcl 4g yro dS ]g Cgu h/hl 4g yro q , s a , s q , qZ , , qZ jGf ]g hrkv nl jGf ]g krkv ehx jGf ]g hrkv k"o 4jkdkyLae ]g hlt , , z , Z , , ue? d kvr+ hd ;el k<jk/ ;hrjkH 4g hre? Sqr+ df lt ]>el klS s w s X q T w a s , X s 4k_k; h;x kg W' huI s q ky nkc d hukot jGf 4g okOm ]g klgf kd phc kd yro hukot 4g kjs? y , s , , qZ , kx dS ]g yro phc d ikPc jkv uipc 4g Cgu k[j h/hl 4g Cgu rkc hd s , qZ s s q\ , , s , hukjg rgc kr g rxy ujd jkgo; klt kpc jxv Pc Syflb 4g ydl , q s T s s , X s w\ , 3g k;df W' su pc l kgt ]rDo rje g krkt pgi Cgo kPc dfk;D ]g kr , q s s a s , qa w\ X ,
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`g <jkd k;D kd krpV kr h;x kg ;r hg Fkl sd et jxv ]g rpfufql ; , s s , q 1 e jxv 2Syfldf krpV `k;D kxSjfd djd krpV ]Cgu ;kim Bkd kd krpV k s s s r ]hrdl kt hync Cgu kt 4hxSkv krpV ]g hrdl kt hync thp hH kt 4hx s , s kg kni krpV kr g krdl kt kync kd q;e df xy klS jxv 4g <jkd dlb s , s , s 1 s s T s 4g ;kim T Bkd d urht lS df kxy Cgu hHd kd cji jkv ]g lki dlm ;kim d u s s s s s s w , T s s s rht kd ;e df g krxy klsS kd epfi dfct 4hF Cgu hHd e cji hurm s q 1 , s X w g krpV hd q;e hurtf e epfi df g rkc hd te Syflb 4dl kg urojfi , 1 X , s s s Z X eltf g hrkg hdlm kr krpV `k;D hH krpV hdlm ]g hg kukg kt ]hg kxskg , s s , s s s kt `kld ;H kdlm g krdl kg Cgu <jkouf lltf `g ;H k;D l ;koufv , , s s , s Z 2g krkt kg rDe l ;H d q;e go3g rf;uf ]g kr , s q s s 1 , , Z ;koufv ;e df g kry ukt l krPkxi hurb kd rkc lb kt 6g rv ;1e ] q 1 , s s \ z s s , a q hd yro g rkvQq' hygi et df g kry ukt g; kt 6g Z;koufv ]g hg hLt qZ , , s s , , q\ q 1 ;e Fkl d et df g kry jd oHuv e jgx ]g kry ukt g; rDf; kt s , s q X s , s s A g Fv kd urht kd ;e 4g Cgu 9kuje u8 ]Fv kd urht skd q;e hg r , Z s s q 1 , Z s 1 pfuf 2g rkt je hukK cl ]g rkt je "f+ cl `Cgu rje "f+ k;D `g T s T s s , Fv k;D kd urht kd ;e `g krsy rht kd q;e go df g krgd "f+ ]k;D Z s s q 1 , s 1 , X 4hxkg ;e ]g kvg et 4kxLi kukg kji kd yro 4hg hxI? s q 1 , q s \ s w s qZ s q 1 , s ;e3g kj? kd q;e go g kt c Z<hrof dfk;D 4g krkg /yim kd r1ev 1 , s z X , s s go ]g kry ukt kd ncV 4g krjd jki skd q;e go ]g kry ukt kd c <h , s s q , 1 , s s z Z rof 2c <hrof jkv c ncV3kxSkt kg uhy eltf jkv g kvg lltf ]r z Z , z q s X , , q s w a Hlv 6g kt ]rHl3d c y jd lgf kn ]g rgd "f+ d n"ufim Syflb , s w a s z X s s T s s . 4g krkg kji e;uf jcv7jn 4,g Cg , s w s s u u?ym hH Bkd kd e;uf e rxt lb df g ;r rkc dS udfy 2g uOfd a s X . , s , kugd ]g kd k"o urdf ]kd c rHl ]kd Lakc ]kd c ji3g yqZro uoh , s z w a z z sw , t kd "o cjv pki7jkp kd hoi 4g yro uoht kdlm kd "o kcjv 4g Cgu Z a 1 , qZ Z X , kri Bkd kd uoht d hoi eg ]g Cgu kri Bkd kjkeg kd hoi hg lS dhO s s 1 X , s s 1 s s 4sxaSkt kg knof jkv sxkg kni uoht kLkjd jrhH dikv phc s , X , X s\ s lb ]xaStf ykl jRl ikv 4Cgu kri ydcf kdikv kr kdum 4kxyp Cgu k s q s s s ri kdum kdikv ]jrhH dikv hxSkt uc cd hdum ]xSkt je ]xSkt LkN s s z s a s a s\ s pc ]sxkg Pc ]xkg ukot ]sxkg kni o 4g hH ikv df Cgu kri Bkd kd kv<k X s w\ s X X , s T s s X q oht um 4g q<koht Lkjd rkl utknv e jhj' sd henkv dS ]Xe jhj' dikv T s\ a X s 4kryp Cgu kri kd uhet eg udfy 2Cgu Z;pkv ]Skt x X s a y "o cjv hH e uje kdlm ]e sukg kPc kg xy "o cjv jkp kdltf dfk; Z X s s X s w\ X s Z s X D ]Cgu l cklgf jkeg `cyre kd hnt 4hxje hg hnt ]g hrkg hPc uhet s s s , s w\
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g Cgu Hjki ]g kuI? dS hI? phc d uoht hH et 4g kuI? dS hI? phc , a z , s , d uoht 4g Cgu rv ;e Syf dlm ]g krukt kt `hdldf hxkg q;e skr C s , a q 1 s , s s 1 gu ]g hrdl kg ;e hg kr kxgj e hH nkc d ;e ]kdl kg et kr kF e , s q 1 s wa T s q 1 s s T ygi d et `hxkg hdldf ;e kr Cgu ]g e dfk;D ]hHr kxdl je e jkv s s s q 1 s wa T X wa T , 2Skt kg kni go df kF Cgu ;kim Bkd kr kF kiN s , s s f Cgu {o jxv e thc `krkg ld Idi e kF;v ]kdl kg Idi kr hHr ]kF 1 X s s , z T s z s Idiv e `ld kret e kr Cgu ]kdl et e kr hHr ]kF kygi e `kdl z T s , T s T s T df et df g krgd go dfk;D 4g aSkuI? kn hI? Xe phc d uoht et jkv , X T s s , q 1 , ;e 4g Cgu rkehl g; Syf dlm g krukt kt udfy 4g rkehl ]g ubky a s , s s , a , hLmkc go 4sxkg Cgu eg nkc d ;e lb dfk;D ]g jgkc d uoht jkeg ;1e a X s q 1 X , s s q 4F Cgu eg ygi d et dfk;D g jgkc d s s s X , s uoht kjkeg et 4g jgkc d uoht kt g jkN kn uoht jkv q;e e uoht T s s T s s , 1 X jkeg ]gj uk; 4kgj u ;H Bkd kd ;e jkv kgj u gke kd et Bkd kr sl s s s q 1 , s s s m 4k;x kg jki kr kykouje `kld kuje jGf 4g rDfe l q;e rfho hlS s s s , , q s 1 s 2kxgj jdkg kjwi yqZr s s o3xaSkt kg Idiv df kukt unf hlm ]g Sg Idi 6xSkt kg knof df kukt s s z T q z s a s unf hlm ]g et 6xaSkt Ldlf df kukt unf hlm ]g yG3g k;yf jd jkdho T s s q\ T s , , kd suLdlf hg Fkl d okyG 6g k;yf jd jkdho kd q;e Fkl d et ue s q\ s , , s 1 s s g df ]jkdho g;39hIyfcfIflDS lnf8 4g ;tof e rfho lb 2g rfho s , X , hdlm ]hxkg klji ]hxkg yd df hxkg tkv kr g hg hukg q;e ct `g krL\i s X s s s , s 1 , dG Bkd l uk/o; d ;el 4g krLi dG k;D l yd jkv tkv kr g rp Z s s s , \ Z s , s , fufl ct kuje ]yd df je tkv df g g; >el hd Xkxky lt hu<fki udfy q s , s s , s 4kF krdl kt k;df ;kim N q d 4g krxy eg klS ]kF krdl hg jd kr okpc jdxkH hH hu<fki ]Cgu 2g , X s s , kgj k>el go ~ ~ ~`g k;D <jdk; hdlb `g k;D iW rxk"kH kdlb kr 9] , , s g krk[ kd ;ue glV8~ ~ ~ go hH cr ]k;x k[ glV kd hu<fki 4g kgj k>e , s q s , l <jdk; go hH cr k;nf jd kyeg u glV jiM d hu<fki ]g rgd 4g kg s s T s , j k>el go ]hxkg kFo; <jdk; k;D hd Lkgn hd glV hu<fki jkv g gj s \ , T s iad pc 2k>el go ]kxkg iW k;D kd Lkgn lb jkv Lkgn hd glV kul ]g k s s s \ , \ s q , rgd hu<fki 4g krkt kv kvg krL\kgn glV dS ]g yxt ]g kgj kPi <jdk; , q , a , \ hu<fki jdkOcf kd k;Fk|of uiv 4g kFd hOhe hl7hIkN e /cl d hu<fki s X s , s X a a s 4kgj Cgu ;kim Bkd s cv ]jiM d jlf sxy ujxf ec dfk;D 4g krkt kg jnkgc jdpgi e ukne s s X , s q qa X , d 0q; hH dufl j;kd l j;kd 4g hrkt Ief krpV cl jrhH d unf kn un s , s , s s f ]g rpgi ji ukne d 0q; hg l,t 4g rkg rrfpV jkv rLfhi ]rhH;H dr T s qa , s s T s s , \ cr rpgi Cgu ji ukne d 0; dr ct kr g rkt hgkilf ji ukne sd 0; s qa , s q s T s , q
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4g gj Ikd kd [Aqn d T s s s knof yod ]g gj Ikd Cgu kd [l d uyef o kr h;x kg rFfim knof e u s T s s q s s s s X yef ]g rgd ct 0c udfy 4g krxy kdD/ kLc kd Rpf llb 4g krkg lk T s q s , \ s s , s nmue kLc llb 4kykc re rkc hd ud'iv lS ]xgd eg 2kpc g; \ s s s X q s s s X kxje3h;x kg rpfuf rke ]kgd u hldf rDo hlm ]tc tkc7Lc ]kvqg et s s , s s s T 4hxy uLi h;k[nf h;knof dfk;D 4h;x hH go g hrkg kni rf s \ X , s , kH hd [l rgc hLkF kt e uyef 4kxSkt kg Iu hH uyef kjkeg lc ]hxskg az q q s\ s X s knof e jn hLkF cv ]kxkg rFfim <{ kd knof df k;x kv yk;[ <{ hl X s s\ s m ]yef l hei 4sxSkt kg lknm eg rji 4g h;x kg ntke knof df kuukt Xe s s zs a s q a , s w , <{ d uyef 4kxIN go g kyef kt ]kxj[cf go g kuc kt df g rgd 0c s s w , s s , s T s q `g kgd k'kjuf kr 4kF u jkdho ct ]F Cgo kLhi j , a s s \ kv [Aqn 4g kgd kLhi elb 4g kgd [An elb 2g jkv ]g q;e3hgj u hg gx , , a \ X , a q X , , , 1 t Bkd hd k'kjuf kr cv 4kgj u hg <jkd Bkd kd [An cv df g g; hg c s s s q , yre kd ;kH 4rkc hxLi ewyke ydfe hLc 4g ukok'kv eji Fv kd ;kH s \ q \ , Z 2C gu >el ikv kr ]jd>el kd ;kH ]henkv Skt Oc jd[j Fkg ji Fkg 2Cg s s s , u >el ikv jGf kr ]Skt uc k'kjuf jxv Fv kd ;kH 4Fkl d k;efnkv s s Z s X hgl jkv ryx ]g rkt kg ryx jkv hgl Fv 4g sry Fv ryx d kthp cl , T s s , Z T s Z s X Syflb g henkv ryx eg e ylv 4Syf Fv ryx Lc ueg l ;kH udfy T X Z s \ s s s 2;kH phc d rHl ]rf;uf hd rHl3g rf;uf eku kd hlb 4Cgu ;kim B s w a w a , kd kd dG elb ]g 9IehIv8 kurb ]g ejp kurb ]g Gkl kurb kuukt g; s Z X , s , , 4g ;e kr g et ]g rukt eg 4g krgj kLi e "?l go g krukt kjw/v k , q 1 s , T s , \ X Z a , s d kFo; kt 4g krkt kg rDe l kFo; go g kry ukt kt kji kd kFo; s , s q s , s s w s 4g rjd ''fkd hd uyduf sl tko T s s s s jn ]rjd Cgu ''fkd ikv hd suyduf l jkohn 2g ktkojn7ktkojn ]g jkohn s s s , , 7jkohn3kr kg kri kd stkojn 2kr kg u kri kd tkojn3g Cgu k;D ktkojn s s s s s , X jkohn df kxSkypf jkc rgc jkv kxSkjdI jlf l jkohn kjkpc go g Cgu k q , s s , ri kd tkojn ltf udfy 2g Cgu k;D ktkojn jkohn df Cgu rkj jdOc Sy s s s , X s s , f dlb jGf udfsy 4g rkt yduf l tkojn ]g krkg kuyduf 4srjd Cgu '' s T s s s , s fkd hd suyduf l jkohn ikv jGf 4rkjdI Cgu jlf l jkohn ikv jGf kr 4g s s s s s , ktkojn g; jkv ]g jkohn g; df g rukt ikv ]g ikv jrhH d ukde dS , , T s T s 4kxkg Cgu rLfhi l kFo; jGf go ]kd kFo; s \ s s lb hd rxt rHl g krsy ukt kt 4l q;e g krkt uc rwHlv jGf ]sl e . w a , s s 1 , a t g kruc rHl uoht rwHlv go 4g 9LGhueuv8 ]g 9LilDSuv8 ]g rD; , w a a , s , , zs , Hfv7uv ]g Idiv go3g rHlv uoht go udfy g jgkc d yro ]uoht 4 , z , w a s , s qZ
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jfd ''fkd hd ujd h;kF jkv kxSpfC[ k[j ji huki 4hxy uIef go j/m s s , s s ]Cgu hpC[ suikv j/b 4g hrkt kg W' kuIef hg rpC[ k[j h;x hpC[ ji , s q s s huki df kuy ukt <{ hlm ]kusy ukt unf hlm pC[ k[j ji huki unf ltf s X s 4g rgj rkj jd[n kd uIef dum jkv 4g T s s s s s s s , T s rgj rpC[ aSk[j ji huki ]g rgj rkuc j? d 'kr 4g rgj rkjdI dgku s s T s s s T s s kgo ]g Cgu ktkojn kgt 4g rgj rLkG jlf l kjkohn dgku e ukKv 4g sr a , a T s s s\ s X X T kt kg uk'ji jd>ym l hlb ]rki ukt Cgu hg kdlb kr eg 4g ugx jkv s s s s s s , , s , kt ]g k;x IN kd uukt jkv dS hHv 4g _l k/kv g; ]g rkc h/kv g; u w s s , , w , dfy 4g hrkt skg rDfe l ;e jdukt kd c rHl ]u "f+ g kgd Syflb s , q s q 1 s z w a s , 4krkt gj Cgu ;kim kd rfk'v 4g krkt kg rk' cl jrhH ]Fkl d rfho hd kFo; lb hd a , s a s c rHl ]Fkl d krkFr lb ]Fkl d rfho lb cr 4g Cgu ;kim Bkd jkv z w a s s , s , kF;v ]g krkg hgo ]g kgj kg hgo ]g hg kukg kt ]Cgu 4g krkg kni 9'ofS , s , s , s s , s , a 8 jkv ikrl Cgo 4h;x kg W' krpV l Cgo 4kg u n;k' df g gj kt Sdf k , a s q s s T s 'kv ikv hdlm ]g hg kukg kt 4g kgj kg W' [An l Cgo lc 4g gj uke ; , s s , s q q s T s Z kouf ikv kd ;koufv 4g hgj kg h>elku e >el hd c rHl Cgd df kuy s Z , s X z w a s >el kgo kg rLdi kd ue kLhi jkv [An kgt3kgo 4krpV g k;kN hd rke a X s \ s \ , q a a , , 4xSki kd rke Bg hL[ Cgd ]lki7lkv kuukpgi ujkG ]kg srkg rrfpV ik s a s , q \ , s s v kgt7kgt 4hxsLi Cgu hH h;k[nf hHv kr Skt kv jxv rke jkv krL\i Cgu a a \ s , , h;k[nf Nd dfk;D g krkg rrfpV henkv kL[ kydv e j/av 4hxSki krex q X , s \ s X s s q , l rke jkv kxSkt kg r{fjlv uoht cv l ukt yt ukde 4hxSkt kg ukl , s q s s s kv rke jkv kxLi e Id cv uoht l suyduf kykonf dfk;D 4g rrfpV go , , s \ X s X , ]k;x yduf kykonf kd henkv dS 4g krkg rrfpV go ]h;x xy xkv Xe j? , s d henkv dS 4g rkg rrfpV l gto lm ]g hrkg hL[ rke e ukd hldf u s T s s s , s \ , X s s hldf kr g rkg rrfpV hH ct df kxkg k;df Cgu yk;[ l dhO uikv hHd s T s s s s s 4 g kLhi Bkd hg u ]g krpV Bkd u ]g [An Bkd u Syf dlm ]k;x kg rDe sl , \ s , s , q s s s q ;e rDf; kt 49FL Gkv kLs'83g aSk;kN hd ;e cl krpV jkv ikrl ]kLh q 1 s s s T q 1 , a \ i ][An ]gj uk; 4g krkt kg jki dcl ]d ikrl ]d kLhi ]d ;e 4g krkt q s , s s s a s \ s q 1 , kg jki d q;e rDf; jdukt kd c Idi ]kd c <hrof ]kd zc rHal s s 1 s z z s z Z s w 4kxn Ikd kd [An d ;e j s s q s q 1 kn>el ]kxn Ikd kd [l d et >elku 4h;x yef hH rke unf hlm kF kgk s s q s , p et unf ltf kr go `kld [An kd ;e kr g rFfim rke hg e et c s , q q 1 s , , X t 4hF hy gkp hH knof unf hlm ]kF kgkp uyef unf ltf kr go `kld [A s , n kd knof kr ]g rFfim knof hg e uyef ct dfk;D 4kxykL Ikd kd [Aqn q s , X X s s d knof jkn>el ]kxsykL Ikd kd [l d uyef >elku 4kuy >el dG Xelb s s q s s Z
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4Bx Pc kr \ pV hd rke kgo7kgo ]k;nf jd Idi ]k;nf jd rDe kd lDl u tkel kgt7k , a a z q s , s a a gt3g kvg rkel u'il lDl e ktkel utf df g rkc hd te Lc Syflb , q zs , X X , s s \ 4unf knk; hrdl Cgu pc hH go 4hxSkt L?m hH rke kr k[j jdLk?m kd \ , s \ s lm jxv 4g _l kygi go df g hg; <jkd 4g <jkd urpv Nhi d ukiNf , w , , s s s s jkv ukcn hH kdlm 4g et go dfk;D ]g rkiNf ]g rkcn kd lDl eg j/b , s s , X T s T s s , 2hx s I? Cgu e ukrcfd3hxgj hrI? hg e oakx rke ]kvkdjl jgkc d okx hg ku X z s X , s s a rdf kd cd jkv `sxpc jsn hurdf eku Sg [yf ji kjFi kr ]kdl pc u s z , X q s X s go ]tkv g kLi kt jrhH d cd ct 2k[yf eku ji um jkv kvkxy jFi , \ s s z s , s rcte hg urdf ji kcd jkv kvkuc cd rjlc[ hg hurdf3k;x je go ]k; w s Xz , s zX w w x je kt udfy ]kdkP e kyG hg urdf 4sLi Bk[nf kvg ky[f ]Li u Bk[n s s s a X X w s \ q s \ f kvg kje go 4g ry dkP e kyG kr g rkt sy kd 'ky 4sLi u Bk[nf cd q T s s a X X w s T s s \ z ]Li Bk[nf yG skr l dpyH lki d cd hH yduf Bkd df g rn kc yG j X \ w s w w s z s s T s s s w i cd 4jn g rn kuc ukrcfd 4g rsn ykduf jgkc d okx eg kd rke jkv z w T s s z T s s a s , , 4g rn ykL e kni kd k;fi hd et 4g rn kiNf e j/v eg et Syflb T s s X s z T s s X s s a 4g Bg hLt rke Fkl d et dfk;D 4kxkg kusn ky , q q\ , s X s H hH kd k;fi hd et skr g kukcn kd rke jxv df g _l kygi go 4kvg q s z , s , , w q W' uen kd lDl l gto hd ;H d ;e 4g <jp hj[fkv go ]g _l hj[ q , s s q 1 , , w fkv rke jkv 4g <jp kygi kd c rHl go 4g _l et lDl A [j uk; , , , z w a , w , X 4g SkiNf eg hH kd rke ]g SkiNf eg hH kd lDl 4g krkg lD,l T s , T s , , s df kxyp Cgu kri lm 4g hrkg rke df kxyp Cgu kri lm 2y y e yk;[ s s , s , s s X s X 4g hLt kukn kt ]kxyp Cgu kri kdlm kd kthp kn kr gj e j? sj T q\ X s s s s X s s s X keg unf jkp7kn jkv jrm phc jkeg h_k; kd gx yxe Bkd jxv df g sry s , s s z a s T p jdkiNf eg klS or Idi klt rke 4g hrtc hg Syf jkgr df kukt h s z , , , s q s g sNi kucf 2g hrtc hg Syf jkgr39hn jkG lkI Ib8 `g hrtc Syf sdld w , s q , f hI? df ]uNi re ktH kd hldf ]g kgd e rDfi lm 4g hrtc hI? hd p a s w s s s , X a , a Z p kr e okx g krkt je Bkd 4hd ofd ykv dS g hrkv nk; >e rDfi dS s X a , s a , s q a 4g Bkv jc[ hd suje huiv df krkv Cgu hg yk;[ 4k;x je , kjkpc ]g rgd kr g krje kjln Bkd 2g rkt Snf u'lLf ]kd uiv g srkt s T s s , w s T s s s s T Snf k[k/ `g thp Bkd Idi knk; l rke 2g kL[ kt uekl ydcf ]g kt s , s z s , , \ s s q , s ]Idi3`sxSki >el ld kr kd rHlv ]rki >el Cgu eg hg kd zc rHal z a s , s s w a s s w 4g I>> hg kr Skt p[V 4Sgfkp hg huIef3g , a s , hrIef k[j h;x hpC[ ji huki df kxy ukt 2kxlg go ]h>elku huiv kx> s s s a s el skt 2kxkg h[An go kxn "kn kd huki henkv kt `kd k[j ]kd huki ]Stf s q s s s s s s s hn kdldf "kn elb `kdikv df `kd k[j df g kd huki jld elb kr kxS s s X s , w X s
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4<keuf kd jhj' ji jdyef l kv<v /kv d h_ jkv "Qi ]g cyre kd Z s w s X q s s , q , et 4g krn "Qi q<v /kv ]g hrn h_ q<v /kv 4g krkt kg reuf jhj' , s q s , s s , s k;u hg ryef 4kg hrgkp kuyef liko o jkv kg k;nf Lkr Xe kLdI kn kd t s X s , s s\ X \ q s s hp dS ueg l,t 4g hrkt gj hg jiM Sk{'f cl df g kjgx kurb <"dkv s s T a , Z 4krLi Cgu h;k[nf ek<jfi B \ s T s kd ]g rkt yp jkv g rkv xky ykosun Sk{'f hd Z;pc ZGlf 4g rkt yp s , T s s s s a z T s s s s rkg kni pc jdLkN kd kd{'f cl ]rk0lf cl ]e;uf cl ]uk/of7/fof c , s s\ s X a l Syflb 4g rgkp kukg kji 4g rp[V kukn or /kv go Syflb 4g <"dk T s s w T s X s s , Z v kurb kd "Qqi7h_ Syflb g lki d kukn /kv7/kv 4g srkg reuf hLkc I T s X s s s T s tfkid l kv<v d h_ jkv "Qi 4g krkg reuf jhj' `e et g krkg k;D s a s X q s , q , s X , s 4g kuI? hg dS kuI? hd et jkv kuI? hd q;e 4g krkg et sl , , 1 , s kgt ]g hrkg jdpgi gxt hlm q;e 4q;e g rv kd yro hlm ]et g Haj a , s qa 1 1 , a qZ , ki kd yro 4g jkN kn d thp hg dS3y ukt l dhO kd ;e jkv et `sl z qZ T s s s X s s q 1 , ,d xpgi eg dr kgo `k;D hg kugd kr kdlm ]g rD;Hfv7uv ]g Idiv s s qa a s , , z s kt rHlv kr 4g rkyO> eg hH kdlm ]g Gkl ]g Idi kurb kt zc rHal w a s T s q s , , z s w 4hg kxkg kr ;H jGf ]kri kd rke u ]kri kd et u 4g rht rhH s s , T s ;H rgc hg rpfuf 4e j/v g rht eg e phc d Xkukn um 4k;nf kiNf kd q X s s a T s X s s s ;e j/m ]kd cd j/m k;nf kiNf ]kd ekd j/b k;nf kcn Syflb 4krdl q 1 s z s s kg Cgu ;v ;kolf d rke ykol kjlwn kr g Gkl _l kd ukg kni ]gj uk; s , s , w s s , s 4kr Om Cgu ykol kd uje kr g krkg ld kni df kyp Cgu kri dr ct `g sl s s , s s , , , d krje ]Ni df kxSkv Cgu kdke hHd jkv ]xgj rNi jkv xgj re? lki7 , X w , , s X s w , s X s w lkv d hlm ]sxkvkt yp SkiNf hg kd _l sykosukg kni `g ld krje ]xNwi s s s s w s , , s , s X o ]g krkg kn,i ld ]kxSkt yp kri unf ltf `g krkg kni ld ]g rkt y s , s s , , s , s , T s s p srNi hg; so dr cr ]henkv g krkg kni ld df g Cgu kri kd kpc d w , s , s , , s X r ct 4g _l kygi kd et go 4kd ukcn kd lDl g ;H urpv rgc ]Cgu , w s s , , s q `g rkg kni lsS pc df g kgj kv jdPi e yd kr e dfk;D `Cg T s s , s s wa \ X w s T X u hg g e j? jkeg lDl l k;Pfhi rkl 9`la'jut uol jkG hyefG jov u , X s , s X \ s s s , b LItDfS Iku tg lDl 9`uhe lnf tL Ikg8 `g krkg cyre k;D kdlb s \ , , \ , s df kgd u dLy lm kr 4g hg dS jRm ]kgd u ke 4C;x kv k;Pfhi rkl ` s s \ s , s a a \ krif dum jkv ]k;x kyp hg rNi go 4ktH u kekeji hH kdum ]kgd ul s , s w s s s s m 2Bg ukjg hLkF ke `kvg ld et kd htkrif dum 4ktH u kekeji hH q , s\ a q s , s s s skdum `kvg ld et kd htkrif je 4ktH s>r u kekeji kgd u ke hdlm q s , s s s q s s a `kvg ld et kje df kNi kd ke huiv ulm jdkv j? 4g dlm kd ukr q s , s w s a s , q s s c kd hldf ]g rnfkkv rgc l ukK Su `g krkg ld et kd kpc df g s , q s , s s , X , k;kv jd>el l yd 4k;kv Iky j? suiv unf dS kpc hng; ]g kuql uTe s w , w , s
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kjgp g; dfk;D ]kF ygi d et kt3yutfhjkv ~ ~ ~ 4kF klji kt Cgu g; s X s s s s X s ]kF yd kt Cgu g; 2g hHv kt Cgu g;39`lG yutfhjkv jk; lIkg8 2kF s , s s s , . kld kjgp kjr ygi d et df kxy kri jkv jd uk; ]kt r df g srgd , s s s s , w T go llm kr g krkt lki dum d/kl Bkd ct e ukikt jhdG u> Syflb s s , s s X s 4g Cgu ;kim Bkd rDjfrfv dlm 4Li kukt nkc d ;e k; Li kukt , s s s \ s q 1 s \ ygi d et kr k; Syf d uukt kd c rHlv 4g hd oHuv ugx jkv s s s s s s z w a , q , kr rkc hjln 4g rk;i kr Skt kv e yk;[ rkc hygi 4Cgu hH hxSkv l u s w , Z s X s s y e yk;[ 4rkc hjln g Cgu d;ky d yk;[ 4y y e yk;[ hH rkc hjlwn s X w , s X s X 4Sx kg dyfke ikv dlm k;yf jd jkdho suikv kd thp ltf 4g ;tof rf s s s , ho 4g krkg /yim kd rfho hdlb go sy ukt l dhO kt kd zc rHal , s s s s s w 4g Cgu dG Bkd e kuI? 4g hg dS kuI? 4g hrn jd Iyfo , Z s X , , s f ;e ]g krjd Iyfl uk; 4g dIfyfkuS ;e kr g dIfFlV jxv uk; 4g q 1 , a , , q 1 s , s , , hrn jd rD;of lm ;e ]g krjd rD;l ltf uk; 4g hrn kj[cf lm ;e s q s q 1 , q a s , , s s q 1 ]g krkyef ltf uk; 4g jkN kn d thp hg dS FL jkv lDl ]uk; jkv ;1e , s , T s s s , , , , , q 4kxLi kun LkN jhj' ]kd kekv hg rkg xyv dum 4xSkt kg xyv jd s \ s s\ s s s s s a s j[cf o ]<v F yef ; ct kxSkt kv unf go jkv 4kxxy uj[cf sry>7sry s q s s s , s s s > jkv 4kxdl ys> kdcl ub unf7rkj ]k'kjuf ]k'kv ]kr_' ]kr_ef ]gjof s , s s q ]uyef ]Z"?l ]kLhi ][An ]i/ ]k[jc ]ex ]huki ]kog dr unf urdf g; d a \ q w s f g rn jd ;r g; jdyef <v d Xkukn unf lm g krkg kni kpc unf ltf T s s q s s , s , 4hxSkt j[cf jdy> kd Z"?l d ykl ln 4d rfx ]d ikr ]d kog3hxy y> kd " s s a s s s s s s s Z ?l d dr ykl ln df g hrgd [ji hd kti7yd dlb dfk;D 4g hrdl y a s , q s X , p ykl ln df g rsn hIjkx hd hL? dS eg lt hg lo dhO 4g krdl yp T s a \ s , s , , ykl kl df g krdl yp ykl hlv df g krdl yp ykl jRl kpc `,g hr , , , dl yp unf surdf 9llki7ub7Icf8 hdlb df sxdl gd eg Fkl d et d s sz X s s spc ]yd Cgu tkv 4g kgj kt krPc udfy ]g kd ukKof ]g ed ukK kjkeg , \ s , , 4k;x kg ;r l xP d dufkK,o ]Cgu l xP hldf jkv k;x kg ;r hg unf d s s a s s a , s s et _l kd suj[cf dlm 4kxy uj[cf jGf go ]kF kLt kt 4hxy ukg 9tki w s s q\ s s s s dLf8 go hF 9hLkc Itfkid8 kt hd jrhH 4kukg yFf'f Lkt ]g Fv kd ikPc a s a s s s\ , Z s q\ 4g krxy sukg yFf'f jGf Lkt l jrhH 4krkg Cgu jkv Nd ]g rxy uII , s s\ s s , q T s s w jkv rxy uj[cf liko ]F yef or /kv7/kv kt go `g krkg k;D e ;1e , s s s s s s s , s X q 4g hrkt jd , 'oi jdtk[ kd Hx ydquv suiv kekv 4g ref;uf hg kurm 4g krkt jd s z s s Z w , , 'oi e x jkv g krjxf huki kg; df l,t g ryfkpo ]tgl hg klo 'oi s z X s , , a s , , s z g; 4g hrkt jd 'soi kekv go ]g hrkg hji l jhj' lm Sk{kdkv hd ke , z T s w s a a kv ltf 4g hrkt jd 'soi elm kekv dS ]g krkg reuf jhj' g; hg slt , z X , s ,
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S Bkv Mku Ic ]kgd u wtkdkc 4g kgj n k;yfkx go `kg gj ul jdkg sL[ s s s s , s a s s q s \ ]kgd su dyfke d ukdn hd lki 4Cul jdkg L[ ulm 4Cn k;yfkx u henkv s q q s s \ s a s hldf ]kF krjtqx l okx 4ulm k;yf lk;l3tskdkc ]g kvg jhdG u> dS s a s a w s , q s 2Sx je l,t kuht l gjr lb ht rht A g Fv kd lk;l 4g krkt s s s , Z a , uc lk;l kr gkp kuht e uoht ji dfc ]gkp kuht u e k<{ hg LkF Gl a s s X sw s X X s s\ Z f kd ;e lb rDf; Bkd jxv jkv 4g hrkt uc uk; ]rho l kNo ;1e s q 1 s , , s s q `kxkg kjgp k;D nk s s c sd ;e df [n jddk> ]jdPc sxkv kjt ]g krgd e 2kF kjgp k;D ygi q 1 X s a \ wa T s s sd et ][n jdIky ikv df krgd Cgu g; e 4g ji q;e gxkv kje Syflb X s , T , 1 z s 4kukt xkv g yjl udfy ] s , s X s s q [n kd ncV lm jdkt sxkv gkp ][n kd ncV lm jdIky Nhi gkp ikv 4g h s X s s q , s s , g dS go ncV ji ]Skt kg kn hg yH k;fi 4g kjgp hH go ]g nkc d ;1e q s s s z , s , s q jkv g ygi d et kt kxLi h;k[nf kjgp go 4kxLi h;k[nf kjgp kd rH , , s s s s \ s s \ s w a s T lv kr g Cgu l,t aSkt kg lsS jkv aSkt jrm e ;e ikv Sg rukt jkv Sk s s s , X q 1 q s , t I? kuI? jxv 4g ku[n jdje l Fkg uiv 4g xkyN e ;e go 4,g xk; , s s s , a X q 1 s i kd ;e go g kgj jd rkc hd uk; ltf e 4g uOfd rfv udfy ]g xke z q 1 wa T T s T Z hH dlm ]g aSk;fi hH hdlm 4g oHl kukt hH jki d et lo 4g uklkv s T z , a s s , , q 1 X X s , \ q ;e e kukn 4g kLc rgc jk} kd q;e ]g kIkN rgc jk} kd et ]gj uk; 1 , s q s 4g krkt kyp krkg Z<hrof Zxke 4g uklkv rgc uugi _o yhP d rke , s T q s s s , ]_o yhP udfsy 4xke g krkt krkg kjdl rgc dfk;D g uOfd rfv kuIky s Z , s a q X , , liko e Hx ]g ydfe rgc suugi _o d uipc 4g oHl kukt hg xkv ]g X Z T q q s , a s , oHlv kuIky Nhi 4g ;ofH go dfk;D ]g uklkv xk;i kd uje e kukn ub a , s , X , s z s X X s 4kxSkt kg oHuv kd c rwHlv kr ]Skt yduf xkv d rke jkv Skt je s q z a s a s s , , a df aSkt Pc sxkv urb e uk; df g g; ;kim kjln 4kg oHuv kd rHalv \ s X , w s q w kr Skt yp sygi d et df jdjrm aSkt syp Nhi urb e uk; 4Skt jd s a s s s s X a lxjf ygi d et kr k;3g ;kim kn ]g krgd likv e cv 4g ydfe rqgc zs s s s T s wa s T , q kuukt syckde d c rHl kd c rHlv ]kgd ue kr ygi 4g ydfqe r q s z w a s z w a s T s s , gc kuukt ygi d et kd c rHlv 4g ydfe rgc kuIky ygi d et q s s s z w a , q q , s s 4g krdl yef nkc d rke k; g krdl y , s , , ef ygi d et kr kjgp kd n[ 4g Cgu kjgp kd n[ g; 4g Cgu kuiv g; s s s s q , s q , 4g kyef l ikc7ke jr kr g; ]kd xj d jhj' 9Iexif8 g; 4krkt kg kjkx , s a ss s a s X s s s s s s ; kr rkg ikc7ke tzsxv jxv 4krkt kg kykd g; kr rkg ikc7ke kxhu jxv a a s s s s a sz 4g Cgu kjr ]g kyef l ikc7ke jsr xaj , s , s a s kd hLep g; 4g Cgu hjr ]g hyef l ikc7ke jr dku g; 4g Cgu kjr ]g \ , s , s a s s , s , kyef l ikc7ke jr xj kd [kv g; 4g Cgu kjr ]g kyef l ikc7ke jr kr s a s s a a , s , s a s s s
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4g krkt kg /y , s im kd rev go ]kxjrm kt e ;e 4kxSkt gj rpfo l rev ]kxpc kt sl s 1 s s X q 1 a s 1 s s ;e 4k;x y[ jk} kd rev kr ]g e hH jGf ]g hgj Id unx df g rukt q 1 q 1 s wa T , Z T s ikv hH cr ]kg hrId unx jkv ]n Ikd unx ]n Ikd Fkg kdikv Bkd ct s Z , s Z s s 4krkv Cgu jRm kd hykx jkv ]g e df g ru , wa T T s kt hH jGf jkv g rkg rfkH hd ne ikv jkv g krn hykx Bkd ct 4h;x skg , T s s a q , , s s /fyim hd rev kr ]je Cgu df g rki hH jGf j,kv g rkt je rfkH cl 1 s s T s T s a ]g rkt jd 'oi gjr hji e q;e eg ct dfk;D 4g kry ukt kd r1ev g T s s z w X 1 X , s s o g krjd 'ozi e rHlv kt 4g krsy rht kd q;e go g kry ukt kd rH , s X w a s , s 1 , s s w a s l kt 4g krsy ukt kd rev go ]g krgd "f+ ]g krjd 'oi e rHlv kt , s 1 , , s z X w a s 4kxSkt kg 'ozi e rwHl kr Sgfkp kukt sr s s X a s jd hjk;r Syf d jlov lm 4kd rke g kgj kv xkv jlov dS hHv 4Sgf , s , , s kp kusy ;<uf g; ]g kukyp Cgu k; g kukyp hH xkv xP g; ji ]kjkeg g Z , , s a , k;x kg xP g; 4g 9LIDLS uGkv8 ]dp je jkc rgc ]dp y et jkc rqgc s a T s s s s q q s q s 4g hlk;v ukjqi ]e uht jkv suje g Cgu Su Bkd eg 4kdp jkc duv kd T s X s , T s w s q 1 ;e jkv ]kdp kd jkc dsuv ]kd et ygi dlb ]g hg kdp kr jkc lb , w s s , w s ]g kdp jkc Bd hH kd et 2dp kGn Bd~ ~ ~kGn dS df Cgu klS jkv 4k , w s w s , xSkt dp hH jlov kd rke kr Cgu jkv 4xaSkt jrm Xe zc rHlv eg kr w , s , s w a s 2g hg; Fv kd lk;l3kujd hH hHv hgo , Z a ]jd rDo lm kt kr kxjke rky Bkd jkv hxkg hLi Cgd hLik[ hdikv jkv X s s s s , s \ \ s , s a xSkt je ikv ct 2kujd hgo `sxjd k;D ikv cr kxn hykx jdkg L[ Bkd X s s s \ s ji cd hdikv jkv sxaSkt je ikv ct 4g k;x je e df kuukt kr n hykx z , wa T s s Bkd ct 2Sx hg je lt kukt rkg lsS~ ~ ~ kukt rje 49FL hjIyko8 ]sl k s s , s s s s s a No ]l Gjr huiv kuje3g hg; hH cyre kd hlk;l 4g dhO kr ]gj jk; s s , a , s X r ikv ]k;nf ktkojn kd ;e djd hjk;r uikv jxv udfy 4xSkt dp hH , s q 1 s , s s s a w s kdlm kr kF k;kv et df klt ]hxSkv dukpv q;e jxv ]gj uk; udfy s , 1 s s 29Lef uhc tg hIufpjiv In83k;x dp go ]kF ygi d et kt ]kF kr , q , w s s s dl ukt lm dfct ]kdke dS k;x dp rDo d et 4g krgkp kujtx jdu s , w s wa q kt l ;e 4k;x kg e uktuv kr et ]kgd u tkdkc kr 4Cgu >el Nd e s q 1 s X s s s w s s s s q g ]kgd u dyfke d yIkg lm 4g k;x je ht rht kr Te 4g rje hHl kr s s s wa s s T s s cr 4hg kxWe kr cr ]kxMkt hg je ct 4g <x kje Nd elb 2g kgj je h a s a , q s q X wa t rht3kxkg <x k;D kje e suje cr ]kxMkt hg je ct ]kgd u tkdkc kr s s q s X a s w s s s 2kg gj Li h;k[nf Sg rht gjr hji `henkv Sg je ]kg X s \ q s w q s d u henkv lm `n n ld ckot e cv 4g henkv kvg kje e udfy ]LsL e s wa s s , T wa q T s
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4Cgu ;kim Bkd kd uje sdlm s s Syflb g kret hHd go u 4g rev Syflb ]g nkc d q;e jkv ygi d e , , 1 , s 1 , s s t go 4g rev rHlv dfk;D g /fyim hd rev kuy ukt kd c rHalv , 1 w a X , 1 s s z w
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