THUT NG TING ANH CHUYN NGHNH KINH T Accounts payable: N phi tr - Khon n ca mt doanh nghip cn phi thanh ton

sm, thng l trong vng 1 nm. Accounts receivable: Khon thu - Khon doanh nghip c nhn t khch hng cho hng ha bn ra hoc dch v cung cp. Antitrust laws: Lut chng c quyn - Lut bo v cnh tranh bng cch khng cho php cc thng l c quyn hoc chng cnh tranh. (...) Accounts payable: N phi tr - Khon n ca mt doanh nghip cn phi thanh ton sm, thng l trong vng 1 nm. Accounts receivable: Khon thu - Khon doanh nghip c nhn t khch hng cho hng ha bn ra hoc dch v cung cp. Antitrust laws: Lut chng c quyn - Lut bo v cnh tranh bng cch khng cho php cc thng l c quyn hoc chng cnh tranh. Appreciation: Tng gi tr ca ti sn - Cc nh u t, v d nh nhng ngi s hu nh, u t ch tng gi, v iu ny c th lm cho gi ngang bng vi mc lm pht, lm tng nhu cu nh ca hoc thiu nh ca. Arbitrage, arbitrager (risk arbitrager): Kinh doanh chnh lch gi hoc t gi - Mt th thut mua v bn chng khon tranh th mc chnh lch nh v gi. V d nh mua mt c phiu vi gi 50$ trn th trng chng khon v ng thi bn n hoc mt c phiu tng ng vi gi 51$ cho ngi khc. Thut ng kinh doanh chnh lch ri ro xut hin p dng cho nhng ngi kinh doanh u c mua c phiu ca cc cng ty c tin n l mc tiu b mua li, vi hy vng kim li khi vic chuyn nhng hon tt. Balance of trade: Cn cn thng mi - Chnh lch gia hng ha-dch v xut khu v nhp khu ca mt quc gia trong khong thi gian nht nh. C th p dng cho thng mi gia hai quc gia hoc gia mt quc gia v nhng nc khc trn th gii. Nu xut khu thp hn nhu khu th c ngha l thm ht mu dch. Nu xut khu cao hn nhp khu c ngha l thng d mu dch. Balance of payments: Cn cn thanh ton - Thng k giao dch kinh t gia mt quc gia v cc nc khc trn th gii. V c bn, n l ton b ngun tin vo-ra

ca mt t nc. Bank reserves: D tr ngn hng - Khon tin mt ca cc ngn hng bo m cho s tin gi ca khch hng. Bank reserves requirement: Yu cu d tr ngn hng - T l tin gi ca khch hng m cc ngn hng thng mi phi gi bng tin mt bo m s tin gi, theo quy nh ca chnh ph. Tng yu cu d tr s lm gim lng tin gi m mt ngn hng c th cho vay hoc u t; cn gim yu cu d tr c tc ng ngc li. Barter: Chuyn i hng ha - Bun bn hng ha khng cn dng tin. y l mt trong nhng thng l bun bn sm nht, nhng vn c s dng ti cc nn kinh t m ngi dn khng tin hoc t tin tng vo h thng ngn hng hoc gi tr ca ng tin. Trong bun bn quc t, chuyn i hng ha l thng l ph bin gia cc nc c ng tin khng hp dn. Bear market: Th trng u c h gi - Giai on gi c phiu gim ko di, thng thng l hu qu ca vic hot ng kinh t gim st hoc d on kinh t s i xung. Blue-chip stocks: C phiu thng hng - C phiu ca cc cng ty ni ting l lun t li nhun cao v lun thanh ton c tc ng hn. Bond: Tri phiu - Chng nhn do mt cng ty hoc mt chnh ph pht hnh cho ngi no m cng ty hoc chnh ph vay tin. Tri phiu ghi r s tin vay, li sut phi tr, thi hn thanh ton v th chp nu khng thanh ton c. Thi hn thanh ton thng lu, khong 7 nm tr ln. Book value: Gi tr trn s sch - Trong cc cng ty, gi tr trn s sch ca c phiu l chnh lch gia cc ti sn ca cng ty v cc khon n. N c th khng lin quan n gi bn ca c phiu. Bottom line: Li nhun hoc khon l tnh ca mt giao dch hoc hot ng kinh doanh ca mt cng ty - N thng cp n thng bo thu nhp ca cc cng ty v c ngha l thu nhp tnh, hoc li nhun sau thu, chi ph v cc khon chi bt thng. Broker: Ngi mi gii - Mt i l chuyn x l cc lnh pht hnh cng khai mua v bn chng khon, hng ha, bt ng sn hoc cc ti sn ti chnh hoc

hu hnh khc. Ngi mi gii thng hot ng theo kiu hng hoa hng. Bull market: Th trng u c tng gi - Giai on gi c phiu tng ko di, thng thng do hot ng kinh t tng mnh hoc d on Capital gain: Li nhun vn - Chnh lch gia gi mua v gi bn mt ci g c mua nh l khon u t - v d nh bt ng sn hoc c phiu. Capital flight: Di chuyn vn - S di chuyn ca mt khon tin ln t quc gia ny sang quc gia khc trnh bin ng chnh tr hoc kinh t hoc kim li t cc khon u t vi li nhun cao. Capitalism: Kinh t th trng t do/Ch ngha t bn - Mt h thng kinh t da trn gi nh rng th trng quyt nh lng hng ha sn xut ra cng nh gi ca cc hng ha ny. Trung tm ca nn kinh t th trng t do l s hu c nhn v t liu sn xut v ti sn, v s tham gia ti thiu ca chnh ph. Mt nn kinh t th trng t do hon ton khng tn ti m ni chung c pha trn, vi s can d n chng mc no ca chnh ph. Cartel: Ccten - Mt nhm cc doanh nghip hoc cc quc gia tha thun gy tc ng n gi c bng cch tc ng n sn xut v vic a mt loi sn phm ra th trng. T chc cc nc Xut khu Du m (OPEC) l ccten ng i ni ting nht. Cash cow: "B ci" tin mt - Mt doanh nghip to c ngun tin vo n nh v c th d on trc c. Mt doanh nghip nh vy thng c tn hiu lu i v c ngi tiu dng tha nhn. C phiu ca nhng doanh nghip ny c mc c tc ng tin cy. Cash flow: Lu kim (Ngun tin vo) - i vi hu ht cc cng ty ngha l khon thu nhp tnh sau thu nhng trc khi khu hao. Central bank: Ngn hng trung ng - C quan gim st hot ng ngn hng ca mt quc gia v c php ban hnh tin t. Centrally planned economy: Nn kinh t k hoch tp trung - Ngc li vi nn kinh t th trng t do v khng phi th trng m chnh quyn trung ng mi chu trch nhim v nn kinh t, k c vic sn xut ci g vi khi lng bao nhiu v bn cho ngi tiu dng vi gi no.

Closely held: cp n nhng cng ty m c phiu v quyn kim sot b phiu tp trung trong tay mt vi nh u t, nhng c phiu vn c giao dch ti mt mc hn ch. Collateral: Th chp - C phiu hoc ti sn m ngi vay phi trao cho ngi cho vay nn khng c kh nng thanh ton mt khon vay. Commercial paper: Thng phiu - Nhng trch nhim ngn hn m cc cng ty cng nghip hoc ti chnh s dng c tin mt. Ngi vay ng thanh ton mt lng tin c th vo mt thi hn nh r. Commodity: Hng ha - Xt theo ngha chung, l bt c th th c mua v bn. Xt ngha trn th trng ti chnh, l mt sn phm khai m hoc nng nghip trc khi ch bin. Commodity option: Quyn, nhng khng phi trch nhim, mua hoc bn hp ng hng ha giao sau ti mt thi im c th trong khong thi gian c th. Commodity futures: Hp ng hng ha k hn - Hp ng mua hoc bn mt lng hng ha nht nh vi gi tha thun trong mt khong thi gian c th. Convertible bond: Tri phiu c th chuyn i - Mt tri phiu mang gi nh rng c th c i ly mt lng c phiu c th trong cng ty pht hnh tri phiu . Coupon: Phiu tr li - Mu giy gn vo tri phiu m ngi nm c phiu tp hp li vo cc thi im c th v giao cho bn pht hnh tri phiu c thanh ton li sut. Currency controls: Cc bin php kim sot tin t - Khi s dng cc bin php kim sot tin t, tin t khng th chuyn i c na v mi hot ng mua-bn ngoi t c tin hnh thng qua mt c quan do chnh ph ch nh nhm quy nh t gi c li cho cc sn phm v hot ng kinh doanh m chnh ph mun bo h. Currency devaluation: Ph gi tin t - Tin t ca mt quc gia b ph gi khi chnh ph nc ny c tnh gim gi so vi tin t ca cc nc khc. Khi mt quc gia ph gi tin t ca mnh, hng nhp khu s t hn trong khi hng xut khu r i nc ngoi v nh mang tnh cnh tranh hn.

Currency depreciation: Gim gi tin t - Tin t ca mt quc gia b gim gi khi gi tr ca n b xung gi so vi tin ca cc nc khc hoc so vi gi tr trc . Debtor nation: Nc thiu n - Mt quc gia c cc khon n cc ch n nc ngoi nhiu hn s m cc nc khc n h. Ngc li gi l "creditor nation" nc ch n. Default: V n - Mt ngi, cng ty hay chnh ph b coi l v n nu khng p ng c cc iu khon thanh ton. Deficit financing: Ti tr bng thm ht ngn sch - Ch trng chp nhn thm ht ngn sch ca chnh ph tng thm chi tiu cho cc cng trnh cng cng. N kch thch kinh t trong mt thi gian nhng cui cng tr thnh tr ngi kinh t v y li sut ln. Deficits: Thm thng - Thm thng hot ng l khon tin m tng chi ph v chi tiu vt tng thu nhp. Trong ti chnh cng, thm thng l khon m mc chi ca chnh quyn vt qu thu nhp. Depreciation: Khu hao - Mc gim gi tr t liu sn xut do s dng lm c i, hng hoc li thi. Khon khu hao d tnh c th c khu tr t thu nhp hng nm nh l chi ph tin hnh hot ng kinh doanh. Theo cch phng php tnh ton khu hao dn, chi ph my mc v thit b c tr nhng khon u nhau trong mi nm s dng ti sn c quy nh trc. Theo phng php khu hao nhanh, chi ph my mc thit b c tr trong vi nm u s dng. Dividend: C tc - Khon tin chi cho mi c phn sau mi nm cho ngi gi c phiu thng thng. C tc l mt phn ca thu nhp trn mi c phn. Tuy nhin, nu mt cng ty cho thy khng c li trong mt khong thi gian nht nh th c th dng khon li t cc khong thi gian c li thanh ton c tc theo ng k hoch. Dumping: Ph gi - Vic xut khu hng ha ca mt cng ty vi mc gi thp qu mc, thng nh vo doanh s ca cc cng ty cnh tranh ti nc nhp khu. Durable goods: Hng bn - Hng ha nh my mc v dng gia nh c coi l c th s dng tt trong t nht 3 nm. Earnings per share: Li nhun trn mi c phiu. Li nhun rng sau thu c

chia cho s lng cc c phn thng. Equity: Vn c phn - Khi s dng vi ngha ti chnh, vn c phn c ngha l gi tr ca ti sn ang nm gi tr i s n. Vn c phn ca mt c ng trong mt cng ty l gi tr c phiu m anh ta ang gi. Vn c phn ca mt ngi s hu nh l chnh lch gia gi tr ca cn nh v gi tr th chp cha thanh ton. Exchange rate: T gi hi oi - T gi i mt loi tin t ny ly mt loi tin t khc. Cc thut ng ting Anh thng dng trong lnh vc kinh t (phn 2) Financial market: Th trng ti chnh - Cc th trng i vn v tn dng, v d nh cc th trng chng khon, th trng tri phiu, th trng hi oi v th trng hng ha. Fiscal, monetary: Ti chnh p dng cho cc vn ngn sch. Tin t p dng cho vic cung ng tin t. (...)

Financial market: Th trng ti chnh - Cc th trng i vn v tn dng, v d nh cc th trng chng khon, th trng tri phiu, th trng hi oi v th trng hng ha. Fiscal, monetary: Ti chnh p dng cho cc vn ngn sch. Tin t p dng cho vic cung ng tin t. Fiscal policy: Chnh sch ti chnh - nh hng ca chnh ph i vi nn kinh t thng qua tin trnh ngn sch - tc l bng cch n nh mc chi v mc d nh huy ng thng qua cc khon thu. Fiscal year: Ti kha - Giai on 12 nm m mt cng ty hoc mt c quan chnh ph s dng cho mc ch lp s sch. Khi cp n ti kha ca mt cng ty, cn lun nu r thi im khi u v kt thc nu ti kha khng trng vi nm theo lch. Floating exchange rate: T gi hi oi th ni - Gi tr tin t tng hoc gim ty theo cung cu trn th gii. Cc t gi ny c da trn mt s yu t, trong c mc d tr quc gia v ngoi t hoc vng, v lin quan cht ch n t l lm pht hoc cc mc li sut mt quc gia. Fortune 500: 500 cng ty hng u ca M, da theo doanh s, do tp ch Fortune tng kt.

Franchise: Quyn i l kinh tiu - Giy php iu hnh mt c s kinh doanh, v d nh cc nh hng trong mt chui nh hng bn kem. C s c cp php c quyn s dng logo v cc sn phm cng nh dch v ca cng ty m. Going public: Pht hnh cng khai - Thut ng m t vic mt cng ty t nhn ln u tin bn c phiu cho cng chng. Golden parachute: D vng (Ph cp thi vic) - Mt hp ng mang li nhng li ch ho phng cho cc gim c t chc. Cng lin quan n cc bin php chng vic b mua quyn kim sot v nhiu tha thun mang li li ch to ln cho nhng gim c b buc phi ri cng ty sau khi b mua li v nhng hp ng nh th khin cho vic mua li qu tn km. Greenmail: Th xanh - Mt bit ng ch thng l m nhng ngi ngoi mua c phiu ca mt cng ty sau buc cng ty phi mua li cc c phiu vi gi u i trnh b chim quyn kim sot. Gross national product: Tng sn phm quc dn - Tng gi tr sn lng sn phm v dch v ca mt quc gia. G7 - Nhm gm M, Anh, Canaa, Nht Bn, c, Php v Italia, vi mc tiu hp tc trong cc vn tin t quc t. Hedge: Mua bn i xung - Hnh ng, thng l trn th trng hng ha, b li kh nng thua l do thay i gi c i vi vic mua bng cch thc hin mt hnh ng bn tng ng, hoc ngc li. Inflation: Lm pht - Tng gi hng ha v dch v. Ni chung, gi nh v kinh t l sc mua gim i v c tha tin mt lu thng, thng l do hu qu ca vic chnh ph chi tiu qu nhiu. Initial Public Offering (IPO): Pht hnh cng khai ln u (chng khon) - Ln u tin mt cng ty cho bn c phiu cho cng chng. Cn gi l "going public". Insider trading: Giao dch ni b - Giao dch c phiu trong ni b cng ty mt cch bt hp php da trn nhng thng tin khng cng b. Institutional investor: Php on u t - Mt t chc u t ti sn ring hoc nhng ti sn do cc t chc khc u thc nm gi. Nhng nh u t nh vy

thng l cc qu hu tr, cc cng ty bo him, ngn hng v cc trng i hc. Interest: Li sut. International Monetary Fund (IMF): Qu Tin t Quc t - Tr s ti Washington, D.C., c chc nng gim st ngun cung tin t ca cc nc thnh vin, vi mc ch n nh vic trao i quc t v khuyn khch thng mi cn bng v c trt t. Junk bond: Tri phiu bp bnh - Thut ng bnh dn dng m t cc loi chng khon c li sut cao nhng nhiu ri ro, do cc cng ty b n nn chng cht pht hnh c th thanh ton cc khon vay ngn hng, mua quyn qun l c phn hoc ti tr cho cc v mua li cng ty. Leverage: u c vay n - Vic mt cng ty s dng ti sn i vay tng li sut trn vn c phn ca cc c ng, vi hy vng li sut phi chu s thp hn li nhun trn s tin i vay. Leveraged buyout: S mua li cng ty, c cp vn bng n - Vic mua li mt cng ty ca mt nhm nh cc nh u t, ch yu c cp vn bng n. Cui cng, cc khon vay ca nhm ny c thanh ton bng cc qu pht sinh t hot ng ca cng ty mua c hoc vic bn ti sn ca cng ty . Liquidity: Thanh khon - Mc m ti sn c th chuyn thnh tin mt. Market share: Th phn - T l tng doanh s ca mt sn phm m mt ngi bn c. Mt cng ty s c gng m rng th phn ca mnh (tc l gim th phn ca cc i th) bng cch qung co, a ra mc gi hp l v cc th thut cnh tranh khc. Th phn cng ln th nh sn xut cng d kim sot gi v li nhun. Market capitalization: Th gi vn - Gi tr ca mt cng ty c xc nh bi gi th trng i vi cc c phiu thng pht hnh cn li. Maturity: K hn - Thi hn phi thanh ton tri phiu v k phiu. Microchip: Vi mch kim sot hu ht cc sn phm in t. Monetary policy: Chnh sch tin t - Tc ng ca chnh ph i vi nn kinh t bng cch kim sot ngun cung cp tin t v li sut.

Monopoly: c quyn - S kim sot ca mt cng ty i vi mt sn phm ti mt th trng nht nh, cho php cng ty ny n nh gi v khng h c cnh tranh. Mutual fund: Qu tng h - iu hnh bi mt cng ty u t huy ng tin t cc c ng u t vo tri phiu, c phiu, cc quyn chn, cc hng ha hoc cc loi chng khon khc. Cc qu ny thng cho php cc nh u t la chn mt chin lc mo him hoc mt chin lc thn trng kim li. Net income/net profit: Thu nhp rng/Li rng - Cng c gi l "bottom line" hay li nhun, l khon cn li sau khi tr mi chi ph v thu trong thu nhp ca mt cng ty. Note: K phiu - Chng nhn do mt cng ty hoc chnh ph pht hnh ghi r s lng mt khon vay, li sut phi tr v th chp trong trng hp khng thanh ton c. Thi hn thanh ton thng l trn 1 nm k t khi pht hnh nhng khng c lu hn 7-8 nm. Thi hn thanh ton ngn hn l im khc bit chnh gia k phiu v tri phiu. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): T chc Hp tc v Pht trin Kinh t - Mt t chc gm 24 nc c nn kinh t th trng t do thng xuyn thu thp con s thng k v a ra cc bo co kinh t v cc nc thnh vin. Oil future market: Th trng du giao sau - Cc th trng ti New York v Lun n ni ngi ta cam kt mua hoc bn du vi gi tha thun cho mt thi im no trong tng lai. Oil spot market: Th trng du giao ngay - Cc v giao dch hng ngy i vi du th hoc cc sn phm tinh lc bi cc thng nhn trn khp th gii, cam kt khi lng chuyn giao vi gi c th. Option: Quyn chn - Trong gii ti chnh, y l tha thun cho php mt nh u t mua hoc bn ci g , v d nh c phiu, trong mt khong thi gian nh trc vi gi nht nh. Ovesubscribed: t mua vt mc - Thut ng p dng trong vic pht hnh cng khai c phiu, khi n t mua vt qu s lng c phiu rao bn cho cng chng.

Paper profit: Li l thuyt - Khon li cha c thc trong mt khon u t. Khon li ny c tnh ton da trn so snh gi th trng hin ti vi chi ph ca nh u t. Poison pill: Chin thut thuc c - Mt th thut chng tr vic mua li quyn kim sot cng ty, c a ra lm cho vic mua li cng ty tr nn qu tn km. Price-earnings ratio: T sut th gi-doanh li - Gi ca mt c phiu chia cho li nhun trn mi c phiu trong thi gian 12 thng. V d mt c phiu bn vi gi 60$/c phiu v li nhun 6$/c phiu s c bn vi t sut th gi-doanh li 10/1. T sut th gi-doanh li cao khin cc nh u t tin tng rng li nhun ca cng ty trong tng lai s cao hn nhiu. Prime rate: Li sut u i - Li sut c bn m cc ngn hng thng mi p dng cho mt lot khon cho vay ln cho cc doanh nghip va v nh, cng nh cho c nhn. Privatization: T nhn ha - Ni chung ngha l vic chuyn s hu cng ty t cc nh u t cng cng sang cc nh u t t nhn. T nhn ha thng gn lin vi ti c cu kinh t trong cc doanh nghip nh nc c bn cho khu vc t nhn. Revenue:Thu nhp - Ton b s tin m mt doanh nghip hoc chnh quyn thu c trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. Short sale: Bn khng - Bn mt lng c phiu tm vay, khng thuc quyn s hu ca mnh vi hy vng kim li bng cch mua mt lng c phiu tng ng sau vi gi thp hn thay th. Stock (shares): C phiu - Cc n v ca mt cng ty i din cho mt phn s hu. Mua cc phn ny s c quyn nh cc ch s hu v c th c thu nhp thng qua c tc. C th mua hoc bn c phiu m khng nh hng n hot ng ca mt cng ty. Ti th trng chng khon, gi c phiu do ngi mua v ngi bn c phiu n nh. Stock exchange: Th trng chng khon - Ni gi c phiu c ngi mua v ngi bn c phiu n nh. Underground economy: Nn kinh t ngm - Mt b phn khng c tnh n ca

nn kinh t bao gm c hot ng hp php v bt hp php. Hu ht cc giao dch l bng cch chuyn i hng ha hoc thanh ton tin mt trnh thu hoc trnh b cc c quan thi hnh php lut pht hin. Venture capital: Vn mo him - Khon ti chnh cn thit bt u mt doanh nghip, thng thng l cc doanh nghip mi nhiu ri ro. i li vn, nh u t c s hu mt phn doanh nghip ny. Vn mo him cng ri ro th cng c kh nng thu li ln. White knight: Hip s trng - Ngi cu mt cng ty ang b nguy c mua quyn kim sot bi mt cng ty khc.