ROMAN EMPIRE

1. NECESSARY PRECONDITION FOR THE RISE OF EMPIRESTHE REGION HAS

a.)

STATE LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT

Autocratic Government

b.) AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL OF ENVIRONMENT

The staple crop grown was wheat.

c.) MILITARY/ TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANTAGE

Military engineering was beyond the skills of the Romans contemporaries. Sewers and Aqueductsallowed clean water to be transported to the people, and allowed growth of large urban centers.

2. IDEOLOGY THAT PROMOTES PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION

There were periodic assemblies in which the people elect

magistrates to represent the interests of the peopledemocracy. 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF WELL-RUN EMPIRES

a.) TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

Coastal shipping and roads supported a large amount t of cities around the Mediterranean.

b.) TRADE
The road systems allowed the Romans to increase trade with China and India Sea routes allowed them to trade with France and Spain.

c.) EFFECTIVE BUREAUCRACY

Effective bureaucracy because people were fairly content with lawsallowed them to be enforced.

 4.

Developed inheritance taxes. Communication enabled by the building of roads.

MAJOR RESULTS

a.) STABILITY AND PROSPERITY

With secure borders and a stable government, the empire had prosperity, technological advances, increasing arts, and tons of trade and commerce.

b.) POPULATION INCREASE

Compared to the population of 1 million in 1 AD, population increased to 60 million by 300 AD. 5.) EMPIRES FALL

a.) FAILURE OF LEADERSHIP

Emperor Constantine divided the empire in two halves. He names Constantinople the new capital of the empire, rule over the Eastern half of the empire, leaving the Western half of the empire to weaken and fall.

b.) ATTEMPING CONQUEST BEYOND A PRACTICAL LIMIT

Emperor Diocletian realized empire was too big for one person to control. Appointed a co-emperor for the west. Eventually western half of empire collapsed.

c.) LACK OF NEW CONQUESTS LESSENS FAITH IN IDEOLOGY OF THE EMPIRE

Roman wealth had been in the hand of the people. When empire grew too much, bigger gap between classessocial decay. Romans lost their sense of patriotism.

d.) REBELLIONS FROM WITHIN/ CHALLENGES FROM WITHOUT

There were invasions mostly by the Huns and Germanic tribes. They were always attacking the outer borders of the empire and gaining more and more territory.

HAN EMPIRE
1. NECESSARY PRECONDITION FOR THE RISE OF EMPIRESTHE REGION HAS

a.) STATE LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT

Absolute Monarchy

b.) AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL OF ENVIRONMENT

Staple food during the Han Dynasty include o o o o Rice Wheat Beans Barley

c.) MILITARY/ TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANTAGE

Paperallowed the people of China to communicate and spread information. 2. IDEOLOGY THAT PROMOTES PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION The culture of the Han Dynasty bonded the people of the empire together. 3. CHARACTERISTICS OF WELL-RUN EMPIRES

a.) TRANSPORTAION SYSTEMS

The creation of the silk roads allowed the Chinese to trade more easily with the Roman Empire.

b.) TRADE
Trade increased with the development of the silk roads.

c.) EFFECTIVE BUREAUCRACY

The Han Dynasty had an effective bureaucracy because of Emperor Wu Di. 4. MAJOR RESULTS

a.) STABILITY AND PROSPERITY

Wu established trade routes and encourage agricultureincreased economy. Confucianism became the official state religion.

b.) POPULATION INCREASE

When the empire spread to Mongolia, Vietnam, and Korea, the population of China increased to 50,000,000

5.)

EMPIRES FALL

a.) FAILURE OF LEADERSHIP

Government officials became increasingly corrupt under the rule of Emperor Wudi. Later emperors were marked by corruption and apathy.

b.) ATTEMPING NEW CONQUESTS BEYOND PRACTICAL LIMIT

The opening of the silk roads caused expansionwars and large armies. Land was overpopulated and thousands of people became daylaborers and even sold children as slaves,

c.) LACK OF NEW CONQUESTS LESSENS FAITH IDEOLOGY OF THE EMPIRE

When the empire was expanding, Buddhism from India approached the empire. The culturethe ideology that tied the people of the Han dynasty togetherwas threatened by Buddhism.

d.) REBELLIONS FROM WITHIN/ CHALLENGES FROM WITHOUT

Nomads from the North destroyed Chinese settlements as civil war started in the Han. Emperors lost most of their power and China was split into three new kingdoms.

SIMILARITES

1. Autocratic vs. Absolute Monarchy

Autocratic government is the power is in the hands of one person. Monarchy is also the power within a King, Queen, or Emperor. But it also a hereditary position. Emperors viewed as appointed by the gods, not the people.

2. Democracy vs. Culture

The Roman people did not really have one culture in common, and thus democracy became the ideology that tied the people together. Confucianism, which is part of the Chinese culture, brought the people of the Han Dynasty together.

3. Trade routes
The Roman Empire and the Han dynasty used the silk roads to trade with each other and other places as well.

4. Population increase
In both the empires, when the empire was at the highest point according to the Conrad-Demarest model, the population of the Roman Empire increased to 60 million, and the Han Empire increased to 50 million. It shows that the population increase percent was very close in both empires.

5. Invaders
Both the Han Empire and the Roman Empire fell to invaders. The Roman Empire fell to the Huns and the Han Empire fell to Nomads. Both destroyed

towns on the outer empire, working themselves in. Emperors lost power and eventually the invaders gained the power.

SOURCES
"Western Han Dynasty."TravelChinaGuide.com. 2011. Web. 2 Oct 2011. TravelChinaGuide.com, tern.htm>.

<http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/history/han/wes

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