Click

to edit Master subtitle

style

Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.

Outliers

Contents
5.
6.

(ttest)

(Ftest)

Rep. 1

Rep. 2

xi
x =
i = n
n

xi =
n =

Pooling Means
v

Ni

x+ x+ ... + xn
x=
n
x1...n =
n =

Pooling Means
v

ni Variance

nx+ nx+ ... + nn xn

x=
n+ n+ ... + nn
x1...n =
n1n =

Pooling Means
v

ni Variance
wx+ wx+ ... + wn xn
x=
w+ w+ ... + wn

ni
wi =
si

(Variance)
n

s=
v

( xi x )
i =

(Coefficient
of Variance)

s
CV =

(Standard Deviation)
n
s=

( x x )
i =

(Relative
Standard Deviation)
s
% RSD =
x

( )

95%

95% = 0.95
95%

s
= x t
n

s
s
x t
x + t

t t-student

Benzo a Pyrene

. 28
BaPA001

95%


BaPA 001
1

(ppb)
0.5423

15

(ppb)
0.4799

0.4897

16

0.4878

0.5138

17

0.5098

0.4998

18

0.5073

0.5342

19

0.5267

0.5195

20

0.5367

0.4856

21

0.5443

0.5398

22

0.5107

0.5105

23

0.4919

10

0.4991

24

0.5081

11

0.4888

25

0.4972

12

0.5293

26

0.5197

13

0.5404

27

0.5387

14

0.4999

28

0.4858


BaPA 001

CONFIDENCE.NORM 95%

95%

95%

0.5120
0.0203
3.9698
0.0075
0.5120 + 0.0075
0.5045 < < 0.5196


(Normal
Distribution)
v

, ,

x = 0


(Normal
Distribution)


(Normal
Distribution)
v

: Acidity

2554
Acidity (X)


(Normal
Distribution)
v

=
.

X Z
Z=


(Normal
Distribution)
v

Acidity
(X)

Acidity (Z)

(1 - 3)/1.265 = - 1.58

(2 - 3)/1.265 = - 0.79

(3 - 3)/1.265 = 0

(4 - 3)/1.265 = + 0.79

(5 - 3)/1.265 = + 1.58


(Normal
Distribution)
v

= , = Z


t (t - Distribution)
v

= = 0


t (t - Distribution)


F (F - Distribution)
v

v1 v2


(F - distribution)

( Normal
x
distribution )
n

X : N ,

Outliers

Outliers

Outliers

Outliers gross
error , ,
,
/

Outliers

Outlier

Outlier

Outliers

Outliers

v
v
v
v
v

Rule of the Huge Error

Dixons Test
Grubbs Test
Youden Test
Cochran Test for Extreme value of Variance

Outliers

Rule of the Huge Error

v

(M)

n > 15 M > 4
x
n< 15 M > 6

M
xq x
M =

Outliers

Rule of the Huge Error

v

: Fe
10.50, 10.47, 10.49,
10.45, 10.47, 10.57, 10.52, 10.50, 10.48, 10.53
mg/L Outliers

Outliers
Rule of the Huge Error
v

:
10.45, 10.47, 10.47, 10.48,
10.49, 10.50, 10.50, 10.52, 10.53, 10.57 mg/L
10.57 Outliers

x =
.

s=
.

Outliers
Rule of the Huge Error
v

Rule of the Huge Error

M=

v
v
v

xq x
s

. .
> M =
=
.
0.000
0

N = 10 < 15 = 6
M = 3.13 < 6
10.57 Outliers

Outliers
Grubbs Test
v

v
v

Gcal
Gt (risk of
false rejection) Gt =5%,
Gcal > Gt ;
Gcal < Gt ;
x x
Gcal =
s

Outliers

Grubbs Test
v

: Fe
10.50, 10.47, 10.49,
10.45, 10.47, 10.57, 10.52, 10.50, 10.48, 10.53
mg/L Outliers

Outliers
Grubbs Test
v

:
10.45, 10.47, 10.47, 10.48,
10.49, 10.50, 10.50, 10.52, 10.53, 10.57 mg/L
10.57 Outliers

x =

s=
.

Outliers
Grubbs Test
v

Grubbs Test
Gcal

v
v

x x
.

.

=
> Gcal =
= .

s
0.000
0

risk of false rejection Gt 5 % , N =

10 : Gt = 2.176
Gcal < Gt
10.57 Outliers (
)

 t-Test
t-Test
v

x )
(

tcal =
s

=
=
s =
n =

 t-Test
t-Test
v

2
x x)
(
t=


sp
+
n n

sp =

( n ) s+ ( n ) s
n+ n

 t-Test
t-Test
v

: %
Soda ash
A B

95%

%
A 19.50
B

1
2
3
4
5

20.10
20.40
18.75
19.25
19.50

18.89
19.20
19.74
19.40
19.02

 t-Test
t-Test

20.10

18.89

20.4

19.2

18.75

19.74

19.25

19.4

19.5

19.02

19.85

19.23

1.1426

 f-Test
T-Test
v

t-Test

Degree of freedom = n1 + n2 2 = 10
Tcritical ; T0.05 (10)= 2.2281
Tcal = 1.1426
Tcal ; 1.1426 < Tcritical 2.2281

 f-Test
f-Test
v

2
s
Fcal =

F>

s > s
1
Fcal Fcritical

Fcal < Fcritical

Fcal > Fcritical

 f-Test
f-Test
v

: %
Soda ash
A B

95%

A
B

1
2
3
4
5
6

20.10
20.40
18.75
19.25
19.50
19.85

18.89
19.20
19.74
19.40
19.02
_

 f-Test
f-Test

A
B

1
20.10
18.89
2
20.40
19.20
3
18.75
19.74
4
19.25
19.40
5
19.50
19.02
6
19.85
_

0.5995
0.3594

0.3345
0.1119
3.2119

 f-Test
f-Test
v

f-Test

Degree of freedom 1 = n 1 ; 6 1
=5
Degree of freedom 1 = n 1 ; 5 1
=4
Fcritical ; F0.025 (5,4)= 9.364
Fcal = 3.2119
Fcal ; 3.2119 < Fcritical 9.364

Thank
You !

Click to edit Master subtitle style