shock

shock



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:
: , , S3




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furosemide



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:

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.



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140/90mmHg


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Osler's sign



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.

2 3

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,
HDL- ,



.


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,


(hypertensive crisis)
(hypertensive crisis) 180~200 mmHg

120~130 mmHg

(hypertensive emergency)
(hypertensive urgency)

 : 1

: 24


,
,

,


: 140 mmHg
: , ,
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(ischaemic heart diseases)

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stable angina

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: 1~5

 : ,
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 :
3 , 4 , ,
(bruit)
: ST T

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,


,

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,
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,
,



(Prinzmetal's Variant Angina)

(vasospasm) .
: ,



: ST
:
:
: ,
(PCI), (CABG)
: Aspirin,


(Silent Angina)

(threshold) ,
endorphin ,
,

: ST
: Statin, ,

ST
ST

ST
.

30 ,
,
ST 1 mm


heart failure

.
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:
:


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X- ,
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S3 gallop , , ,
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(Cardiogenic Pulmonary
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Nitroglycerin , ,

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mitral stenosis
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,

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,


aortic stenosis


:

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,

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nitrate ,


mitral insufficiency

papillary muscles
,
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nitrate ,

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:

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: ,
, ,


aortic insufficiency
: , , ,
, ,

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,
,
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cardiomyopathy


,
,

 dilated cardiomyopathy
,

(congestive cardiomyopathy)

, / , ,
/

,

:
, , , ,

 :
:
, ,
,
,


hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

.
,
4 ,

 :

(asymmetrical septal hypertrophy)

 :
,
: ST T
Q
T ,

 : , ,

,
,
,
septal myotomy ,
myectomy


restrictive cardiomyopathy

.
.


amyloidosis,
sarcoidosis,
glycogen storage disease
hemochromatosis,
endomyocardial fibrosis,

 :
5 mmHg ,

: , , ,

, 3 , 4
, ,CT, MRI


supraventricular arrhthmia

 : sinus node, AV junction

P PR

sinus,
Atrium,
atrioventricular junction


(sinus tachycardia)
P 100~160 .
: ,
, ,
,

:


(atrial premature beat, APB)
P-P P'


QRS

 :
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,
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: ,
,


(ectopic atrial tachycardia)
P' 120~200
: , , ,
,
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(atrial fibrillation)

(f ) 350~600

QRS 100~160 / .
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,

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,
,
,
,
,
,

 : ,
,
,
,
,
,


(Multifocal atrial tachycardia)
3 P
R-R
: , , ,

: , magnesium, potassium