oHk;q,foDrif;0wK

t,ifucg ajrmufObk&ifwyg;vufxuf ed*Hk;Zeyk'fwckwGif vifr,m;wtdrfaxmif[donf/

tvGefqif;&JonfhtwGuf qefzGyf? &Dcyf? xif;>cD? tiSm;vkyfpm;uwf&onf/ vifuysif; tvkyfrvkyf/
r,m;vkyfpGm xdkifpm;onf/ r,m;vkyf&mwGif tysif;ajy MuufEiS f,ifvdkufvkyfonf/ w&ufed
r,m;qefzGyfeDpOf ,ifrsm;qefrIefYvmpm;onf/ iysif;axGvnf; a&Smufjcrf;pdwfESifh ,ifvdkufowfonf/
odkYjzifh ,ifoHk;q,f& r,m;udk (ig ,ifoHk;q,fudkowfvdkufysm,f/ Munfhpsmefwcsuf) [k
abm&dajymonf/ xdktcg r,m;u (oHk;q,foDrif; tppfrem;a,) [k jyefajymonf/
xdkedrSp
r,m;vnf;
vifudkt,GJUwdkufysm,f
(ighvif
,ifoHk;q,fudkowfEdkifa&/
atydkifawmfa&r[kwf/ oHk;q,foDrif;tppf) [k vlwGdwdkif;avQmufajymonf/
xdkYaMumifh olYudk (oHk;q,foDrif;) [k emrnfwGifvmonf/ Mumaomtcg olYowif;onf bk&ifh&DTem;
aygufMum;vm;onf/
rD;ausmif;ol &J/
ajrmufOD;NrdKUESifhreD;r0D;wGif av;NrdKUjrpf[donf/ tOee'D[kvnf;ac:onf/ xdktcsdef jrpfxJwGif
rD;ausmif;waumif aomif;usef;vQuf[donf/ xdkUaMumifh jrpfudkjzwf wa,mufvnf;rul;0H/
(toHMum;au vdkufqGJa&) [k emrnfBuD;vQuf[donf/ avmif;ESifhawmif tem;roef;0Hh/ vloltm;vHk;
aMumufvefYeDuwf&onf/
uRJEGm;vloltm;vHk; rD;ausmif;tpm;cH&onf/ tpm;rsm;vm vltrsm;rSm Zmvkyf Zmudkif&rSef;rod/
(bk&ifh&TDem; raygufodrfhESifhwla&/ bk&ifodau NidrfeDzdkYur[kwf) wa,mufpum;w&mem;
ajymvQuf[donf/
bk&ifvnf; rMumcif xdkowif;udkMum;onf/ odkUtwGuf trI;trwfrsm;ESifh twdkifyifjyKonf/
(rD;ausmif;&efESdrfESif;&ef vlpGrf;aumif;wa,mufvdkonf/ yZmvkyfauaumif;zdkUvJ/ avQmufwifuwf/)
[krdefYawmfrlonf/
xdktcg trwfBuD;rsm;u (toQifrif;EdkifiHawmfrSm oHk;q,foDrif;[kqdkaom vlwa,muf[dygonf/
olUudk&vQif rD;ausmif;&efudk {uefrkus ESdrfESif;Edkifygvdrfhrnf) [kavQmufwifMuonf/
bk&ifvnf; 0rf;omtm;&jzpfNyD; rI;rwfrsm;udk (,if;ydkifqdkvQif olYudkac:cD) [k rdefYawmfrlonf/
trdefYawmf&onfESifhcsufcsif;
rif;csif;a,mufsm;wa,mufudk
wrefpDvTwfvdkufonf/
(wrefvnf;a&muf? oHk;q,foDrif;rSm? oDatmifaMumuf) jzpf&onf/
(odkYaomf oDwed rGD;wed/ bk&ifuac:au rvdkufvdkUr&? bk&ifhtmPmyg,fqefvdkUr&/
rif;'gPfoifhzdkUaMumuf&onf/) odkUtwGuf oDrif;rSm pdwfwif;zdkUusonf/
wrefvnf; tylwjyif; (igESifhz0g;uyf vdkuf&rnf) [kqdkonf/ oDrif;rSm rjiif;omau uAsmu,m
aemufuvdkuf&onf/ ,if;ydkifESifh bk&if&SdawmfarSmufodkUa&mufvwfonf/

bk&ifu (armifrif; oHk;q,foDrif; trSefvm;) rde;f aomcg oDrif;u (rSefygonfbk&m;) [kajzonf/

xdktcg
bk&ifu
(ig\EdkifiHawmfrSm
rD;ausmif;&efudkESdrfESif;zdkY
igbk&ifvdkvm;awmfrlaU/
tvdk[dpGmawmif;cH/) [kred fUawmfrlonf/
xdktcg oDrif;u aoewf? "g;? vSH? vufeuftjynfhtpHkESifh ol&Jwa,muf? bk&ifukdifoHvQuftygt0if
BudK;wcGD? avmif;wpif;awmif;onf/ vdkonfudk bk&ifuyD;onf/ pm;oHk;zdkY tojymaiGwaxmifvnf;
yD;vdkufonf/
bk&ifyg;ujyef tdrfa&mufaomtcg oDrif;u r,m;udktjypfwifonf/ (eifowif;&TifhvdkY
igyGJ0ifc&Asm,f/ igoDauvnf; eifhrSmvifr,Sm;/ bk&ifhtojymudk pm;vdkY&meDvD/ eufzefcg
rD;ausmif;u ighudkpm;zdkUvm;? igu&m rD;ausmif;udkpm;zdkUvm;rod/ MunfhvdkY&meDvD/ rdk;xufapmapm
xrif;aumif;aumif;csuf/) [kr,m;udkrSmonf/
r,m;onfu viftwGufpdwfyl&rSef;rod/ tojym&aomcg uaumif;aysmfonf/ vifaAm&drSm
wnOfhvHk;tdyfraysmf/ rdk;vif;zdkYpGm wGufvQuf[donf/ rdk;vif;aomtcg r,m;uvifudkEdI;onf/
(xzdxzd bkacsb/ xrif;pm;) [kqdkonf/ oHk;q,foDrif;vnf; rsufESmropfyJ xrif;pm;onf/
ol&Juvnf; csdef;xm;onftwdkif; toifhapmifhvQuf[donf/ oDrif;vnf; xrif;pm;NyD;csufcsif;
avmif;qdyfodkY tqif;usonf/
avmif;qdyfodkYa&mufaomtcg oDrif;rSm ol&Judk aoewfudkifcdkif;xm;NyD; yJha*smifwGifeDcdkif;onf/
udk,fus BudK;w>cDESifh oHvQufudkifvQuf avmif;OD;wGifeDonf/ avmif;oH? wufoH? vloHMum;onfESifh
rD;ausmif;&Ju ukef;ay:vQufvdkufonf/ xdktcg oHk;q,foDrif;u wckvnf; rvkyfwwfrudkifwwf/
aMumufBuD;usvdkY jAef;jAef;wkefvQuf[donf/
ol&Ju (toQifoDrif; rD;ausmif; tem;udkuyfvmyg,m/ yZmvkyfygzdkYvJ/ aoewfESifhypf&ygzdkYvm;/
[ufazESifhxdk;&ygzdkYvm;) rdef;onf/ oDrif;uwckvnf;jyefrajym/ Zmydkifajymajym oDrif;u
jyefrajymaomtcg ol&Ju reDomau rD;ausmif;udk [ufazESix
f dk; aoeyfESifhypfazmufvdkufonf/
rD;aygufrSefvdkU csufcsif; rD;ausmif;oDonf/
xdktcgrS oDrif;u avmif;OD;ux ol&JudkoHvsufESifha&mfvQuf (rD;ausmif;udk rif;owfvm?
igowfvm) [k rdef;onf/ ol&Ju pOf;pm;onfrSm (iguaemufvdku?f olua*gif;aqmif/
igowfauvnf; olowfpGm/ olowfauvnf; olowfpGm/ bk&ifu olYudk&moda&/ ighudkrod/
0efrcHau oluighudk&ef&SmzdkY/ ighrSm rsufESmr&yJ a*smuf&muszdkY) pOf;pm;NyD; (toQifowfyga&)
[k0efcHvdkufonf/
xdkcg oHk;q,foDrif;vnf; rsufESmjymjymESifh rD;ausmif;udkBuKd ;pGyNf yD; avmif;em;arQmifvQuf
,lvmvwfonf/ odkYaomf oDrif;rSm urf;a&mufatmifxd rD;ausmif;em;odkY ruyf0H/ ol&JuqJG
ukef;xufwif&onf/ rD;ausmif;oDudk bk&ifxHqufaomtcg oDrif;rSm tojymwaxmifqk&onf/
ol&JrSm wjym;vnf;r&/
tdrfjyefa&mufaomcg r,m;vufudk tojymwaxmifudktyfonf/ NyD;vQif (eifhaMumifhig
wcgcH&Asm,f/ t&mZmedvmac:zdkUvnf;rod/ aumif;aumif;&mpm;eD) [k tjypfwifonf/

vifr,m;ESpfa,muf
wESpf0rf;pmzkHonf/

&aiGESifh

EGm;woQdKif;v,fwjyif0,fvQuf

tdrfwaqmifaqmufonf/

usm;om;iv0g ol&J/
xdkodkY
pdwftD;vuftD;eD
wrdwarmMumaomtcg
ta&;taMumif;wckay:vmonf/
usm;om;iv0gwaumifonf
aomif;usef;vQuf[donf/
&GmuuRJEGm;wdudk
zrf;pm;onf/
tpm;rsm;vmaomtcg vuf&JZuf&JjzpfvmNyD; NrdKUawmfem;,SOf;vmonf/ vlrsm;udk0ifudkufzdkUMuHonf/
xdkowif; bk&ifhem;aygufvwfonf/ oHk;q,foDrif;udk t,ifac:vdkUESdrfESif;cdkif;onf/ oDrif;rSm
t,iftwdkif; oHvQufESifh rif;0wfwef;qmwckawmif;onf/ NrdKUolNrdKUom;rsm;rSm (usm;&moDzdkYvm;/
oDrif;&moDzdkYvm;/ jrifuwf&zdkYAsm) [kajymqdkeDuwfonf/
tdrfa&mufaomtcg oHk;q,foDrif;vnf; (atwcsDawmY iguHawmfukefAsm/ usm;udkZmydkifEdkifzdkYvJ)
[kpOf;pmNyD; pdwfraumif;jzpfonf/ r,m;udktjypfwifonf/ (eifysifvdkU igcH&a&/ eufzefcgodvdrfYrnf/
xrif;aumif;aumif;pm;eD) [kNidK;onf/ olUtBuHu rdk;xufapmapmtmHkrSm a&muf&ma&mufayguf
xGufNyD;zdkY/ odkYtwGuf vrf;rSmpm;zdkYxrif;udk r,m;udkcsufcdkif;onf/ oDrif;rSm tMuHjzifh
wnOfhvHk;tdyfraysmf/ rdk;vif;vwfonf/
tmHkwuf xrif;usufaomcg r,m;uEdI; vifonfudkyD;onf/ (rdk;aomufx ESif;w0D0D?
jrHKwrdIif;rdIif;? oHk;q,foDrif;rSm? jrif;ESifhpdkif;a,Smif) xGufvwfonf/ awm0ifzdkYvnf; vrf;rjrif/
&yfeDvQif &GmurvGwf/ vm;rdvm;&mvm;vDaomcg uRJwNcHem;odkUa&mufvwfonf/ uRJNcHem;wGif
usm;om;iv0gvnf; uRJudkqGJzdkYacsmif;eDonf/ oHk;q,foD;rif;a&mufonfESifh xufyif;wkd;onf/
oDrif;u (usm;om;iv0gqdkpGm a'aumifAsm,f)/ usm;om;iv0guvnf; (oHk;q,foDrif;qdkpGm
olAsm,f) [katmfonf/
iv0gusm;u
uRJudk&mudkufzdkYvm;/
oDrif;udk&mvdkufzdkUvm;
tMuHr&jzpfeDqdkuf
oDrif;u
aMumufaMumufjzifh rsufpdrSdwfckefypfvdkufonf/ usm;aemufukef;xufrSm yum;pD;usonf/
usm;vnf;aMumuf xGufNyD;onf/ oDrif;vnf; usm;em;&GufudkqJG aemufukef;xufu vdkufonf/
usm;vnf;anmif; vlvnf;anmif; NrdKUawmfxJodkYa&mufvwfonf/
xdkcg NrdKUolNrdKUom;? eef;wGif;oleef;wGif;om;tm;vHk; xGufMunfhMuonf/ (toQifoDrif; usm;pD;vmpGm)
jrif&onf/ wcsdUvlu usm;udk'kwfESifh axmif;xkowfaomtcg usm;*GifwdkufoDonf/ oDrif;vnf;
usm;aemufukef;xufu vl;usvwfonf/ xdkcgrS oDrif;onf usm;oHzufuvGwfonf/
xdkcg oDrif;u oHvQufudkqJGvQuf (usm;udkowfpGmtolvJ) [krdef;onf/ vlrsm;u aMumufaMumufjzifh
(toQifoDrif;owfyga&)
[k0efcHonf/
usm;oDudk
bk&ifxHjyaomtcg
oDrif;rSm
tojymwawmifqk&onf/
tdrfjyefa&mufaomtcg tojymaiGudkr,m;vufodkUtyfonf/ (eifysifvdkY ig'kuusa&) [kr,m;udk
qlonf/
"jrvlqdk;aomif;usef;rI/

rMumcif "jrvlqdk;rsm; aomif;usef;Muonf/ &Gmed*Hk;udkvk,ufrusD NrdKUteD;yg;Ncdrf;ajcmufvwfonf/

vlolav;yg;tdyfr&
ykef;0SufeDuwf&onf/
Mumaomtcg
owif;xGufvmonf/
bk&ifem;aygufMum;vm;onf/ bk&ifvnf; oHk;q,foDrif;udk tjyif;ac:cdkif;onf/
oDrif;a&mufaomtcg bk&ifu (vdkpGmawmif;? "jrwdudkzrf;) [krdefUawmfrlonf/ oDrif;vnf;
xHk;pOftwdkif; rif;0wfwef;qmESifh oHvQufwpif;? jrif;aumif;waumifawmif;onf/ &aomtcg
tdrfjyefvwfonf/ tdrfa&mufaomcg cgwdkif;ydkifa,Smif r,m;udktjypfwifonf/ r,m;vnf;
jyefvdkUrajym/ wdef;vdkUeDonf/
oDrif;u (atwcgawmY igoD&zdkY,m/ vlqdk;wdudk igwa,mufwnf; ZmydkifEdkifzdkYvJ/ ightouf
eufzef&ufudk rvGefEdkifAsm) [kpdwfqdk;NyD;idkonf/ xGufNyD;zdkUMuHonf/ r,m;udk nOfhOD;uyif apmapmpD;pD;
xrif;csufzdkUajymonf/ olu wnOfhvHk;rtdyf/ rtdyfwcsuftdyw
f csuf vSJeDonf/
oef;acgifausmfaomtcg r,m;u yg;cyfem;cyf xrif;csufonf/ usufaomcg uAsmu,mvifudkEdI;
yD;onf/ vifuvnf; wavmifyGef;ESpfavmifyGef; qifqDqkyf aAmif;qkyfpm;onf/ pm;NyD;vQif
tusefudkxkyfcdkif;onf/
rif;0wfwef;qmudk0wfNyD; jrif;pD;xGufzdkUuefeDwkef; r,m;xGufvwfonf/ atwcg vifawmfarmif
oD&zdkUpGmudkodvdkU pdwfraumif;/ vifonfudk xrif;xkyfuGrf;,m vSrf;yD;onf/ vifuvnf;
r,lcsif,lcsif vSrf;,lonf/
jrif;udkpD;Asm
&GmuxGufvwfaomtcg
nOfUarSmifeo
D drhf
(rdk;vif;ywfpD?
vrf;prf;jrifrS
vGwf&mvGwfaMumif; xGufNyD;zdkUAsm) [kpdwfxJwGufonf/ tBuHESifh awmjcHKwckxJ0ifNyD; opfwyifxuf
wufeDonf/
xdktcg emrnfBuD;olcdk;ckepfa,mufonf 4if;opfyifatmufvma&mufNyD; "jrwdkufzdkY wdkifyifonf/
nOfhwGif oDrif;&Gmudk0ifpD;zdkUMuHonf/ tcsdef;tcsufvkyfonf/ odkYaomf oDrif;udkaMumuf
owdESifhvkyfzdkYajymonf/ xdkpum;udk oDrif;Mum;aomtcg tcsdefpdvdkUxGufcgeD; (oHk;q,foDrif;qdkpGm
iga0;)
[kopfyifxufu
atmfvdkufonf/
"jrtm;vHk;
aMumufBuD;oefzuf0ifAsm
opfcGwGifqGJxm;aomxrif;xkwf jyKwfusvwfonf/ xdktcg "jrtm;vHk; oDrif;ckefqif;vmAsm
txifNzifh tcsif;csif;cGwfuwf owfuwf oDukefuwfonf/
"jrtm;vHk;oDNyD;rS oDrif;vnf; opfyifxufuqif;vwfonf/ xdkaemuf OD;a*gif;udk wef;odefodefyem
bk&ifhxHyg;qufonf/
bk&ifvnf; oDrif;tm; qkBuD;vmbfBuD;yD;oem;awmfrlonf/ wdkif;jynfvnf; tD;csrf;vm;onf/
oDrif;rSm ppfolBuD;jzpfvmonf/ bk&ifuHukefaomtcg oDrif;oQifbk&ifjzpfonf/ wd&de&ywdoDrif;[k
wGifonf/
wGif tuRefY0wKqHk;ygvD\/ rqHk;odrfhau usefa&vlwd qufajymygvD/
(ewfjrpfpef;atmif)