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Li ni u
Ngy nay cng vi s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut v cng ngh, cc
thit b in t ang c ng dng ngy cng rng ri trong hu ht cc lnh vc
kinh t x hi cng nh trong i sng. Trong tt c cc thit b in t vn
ngun cung cp l mt trong nhng vn quan trng nht quyt nh n s
lm vic n nh ca h thng. Hu ht cc thit b in t u s dng ngun
mt chiu c n p vi chnh xc v n nh cao. Hin nay k thut ch to
cc ngun n p cng ang l mt kha cnh ang c nghin cu pht trin vi
mc ch to ra cc khi ngun cng sut ln, n nh, chnh xc cao, kch
thc nh (cc ngun xung).
T tm quan trng trong ng dng thc t ca ngun mt chiu n p v
da vo kin thc hc cng nh t tm hiu thm, nhm em xin trnh by
ti :Tm hiu v thit k mch to ngun DC (3,7V; 5V; 12V; 24V). qua
tm hiu k hn v nguyn l hot ng ca cc mch ngun ng thi cng
c thm k nng trong thit k cc mch in tng t.
Trong qu trnh thc hin n chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy gio
TS. Nguyn Hong Nam tn tnh gip chng em hon thnh ti ny.
Do kh nng kin thc cn hn ch, thc hin ti chc chn s khng
trnh c nhng thiu st, nhm em rt mong nhn c s ng gp kin
ca thy c v cc bn ti c hon thin hn.
Xin chn thnh cm n.
Nhm sinh vin thc hin
Mc lc
Li ni u..................................................................................................... 2
CHNG 1: TM HIU CHUNG
1.1
1.2.
1.2.1.
1.2.2.
Chnh lu..................................................................................... 5
1.3.
B lc mt chiu ............................................................................... 6
1.4.
n nh in p ................................................................................ 8
CHNG 2: THIT K MCH NGUN DC
(3,7V; 5V; 12V; 24V)
2.1.
2.2.
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
Lc ngun ................................................................................... 9
2.2.3.
To in p 24V ........................................................................ 10
2.2.4.
To in p 12V v 5V ............................................................. 10
2.2.5.
To in p 3,7V ....................................................................... 11
2.2.6.
3.1.
Tng hp kt qu ........................................................................... 15
Chnh lu
U1 Bin p
U2
n p1 chiu
Lc
UT
U01
Ti
U02
Trong :
- BA: Bin p. Ty vo yu cu m c th l tng p hay gim p.
- MV: Mch van. Cc van vn dn c mc theo nguyn tc tin hnh
qu trnh chnh lu.
- LSB: Lc san bng.
Trn hnh 1.3 l mt s mch chnh lu thng gp trong thc t:
1.3. B lc mt chiu
Trong cc mch chnh lu trn in p ra ti mi c cc tnh khng i,
nhng gi tr ca in p ra thay i theo chu k, gi l s p mch (gn sng)
ca in p sau chnh lu.
Ngi ta nh ngha h s p mch Km ca in p.
=
Kmv
Lc
Kmr
- Lc in cm:
Gi tr in cm lc cn c h s Ksb cn thit l:
2
1
=
[]
1
Lc in cm ph hp vi ti cng sut ln, v cng sut cng ln th in
tr ti Rt cng nh, s cng d dng thc hin iu kin lc tt nht l XL>>Rt.
- Lc in dung:
Gi tr t in c xc gn ng theo cng thc:
1
=
[]
1
Lc in dung kh thc hin vi ti cng sut ln, v Rt cng nh cng kh
thc hin iu khin lc tt XC<<Rt do gi tr t C phi ln. Do lc t ch
dng cho ti cng sut nh.
- Lc LC:
y thc cht l kt hp ca hai loi lc trn, do vy lc hiu qu vn
cn tun theo nguyn tc: XL>>Rt; XC<<Rt.
+ 1
2
12
1.4. n nh in p
C mt s phng php n nh in p mt chiu sau:
- S dng i-t Zenner
- S dng IC n p c nh: 78xx, 79xx.
Vi IC 78xx, in p ra c nh l dng xx.
Vi IC 79xx, in p ra c nh l m xx.
- S dng IC n p thay i c (mc in tr ngoi thay i gi tr
in p ra): LM317,
TR1
BR1
V1
VSINE
VA=220
FREQ=50Hz
C5
4700u
KBU4A
TRAN-2P2S
U4
7824
1
VI
VO
GND
2R2
C6
R6
470u
C7
10u
0,7
6 =
=
= 2,33
7824 0,3
Chn gi tr in tr R6=2,2, xc nh li c dng qua 7824
0,7
7824 =
=
= 0,32
6
2,2
2.2.4. To in p 12V v 5V
Vi in p 12V v 5V ta cng s dng phng php tng t nh to in
p 24V, s mch c biu din trn hnh 2.3.
Nguyn Ngc Hp V c Vng V Huy Hong
10
R7
2R2
Q1
Q2
TIP42
TIP42
U1
U2
7812
VI
VO
C1
470u
2R2
GND
2R2
C2
VI
VO
GND
7805
R2
C3
470u
R1
C4
10u
10u
Mt s c im k thut c bn ca LM317:
- 1,2V Uout 35V
- Ioutmax=1,5A
Nguyn Ngc Hp V c Vng V Huy Hong
11
VO
ADJ
R3
220R
R4
330R
R5
100R
12
TRAN-2P2S
BR1
KBU4A
C5
4700u
R6
2R2
R2
2R2
VI
U2
VI
U1
C3
U4
C1
2R2
470u
470u
7805
Q2
VO
Q1
Q3
R1
TIP42
C7
VO
C4
10u
U3
LM317EMP
VI
VO
R4
330R
R3
220R
100R
R5
13
TIP42
VO
C2
7812
VI
10u
10u
7824
C6
470u
ADJ
TIP42
GND
2
GND
2
GND
2
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Tn linh kin
in tr
T 4700 uF
T 470 uF
T 10 uF
Transistor TIP42
IC 7824
IC 7812
IC 7805
IC LM317
Bin p
Cu chnh lu
Bng mch
Cng
S lng
6
1
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
23
n gi
10.000
3.000
2.000
5.000
5.000
5.000
5.000
6.000
60.000
3.000
30.000
Thnh tin
3.000
10.000
9.000
6.000
15.000
5.000
5.000
5.000
6.000
60.000
3.000
30.000
157.000
14
CHNG 3: KT LUN
3.1. Tng hp kt qu
Tng hp kt qu tnh ton l thuyt, mch m phng v mch thc t ta
thu c bng 3.1
L thuyt
Mch m phng
Mch thc t
To ngun 24V
24 V
24.1 V
23.9 V
To ngun 12V
12 V
12 V
12.15 V
To ngun 5V
5V
5.01 V
4.95 V
To ngun 3.7V
3.69 V
3.72 V
3.72 V
15
1. V Minh Chnh, Phm Quc Hi, Trn Trng Minh. in t cng sut. NXB
Khoa hc v k thut, 2007.
2. Nguyn Trinh ng, L Hi Sm, Lng Ngc Hi, Nguyn Quc Cng.
in t tng t. NXB Gio dc, 2008.
3. Xun Th. K thut in t. NXB Gio dc, 2005.
4. Din n hi qun in t: http://hoiquandientu.com/
5. Din n in t Vit Nam: http://www.dientuvietnam.net/forums/forum.php
6. Din n: http://vozforums.com/
16