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Lanthanides - " Magnetic Properties"
Lanthanides - " Magnetic Properties"
Usama El-Ayaan
:
Dr. Usama El-Ayaan
Gouy Balance
mS+L = [4S(S+1)+L(L+1)]1/2
mS = [4S(S+1)]1/2
The orbital contribution is usually quenched out by interaction with the electric fields of the ligands in its
environment.
mS = [n(n+2)]1/2
)(S
( (4f )(L
4f
5s and 5p
The ground terms and levels for free ions can be obtained using Hund's rules.
For an ion 2s+1LJ
-2
-1
S=1/2+1/2+1/2 =3/2
L = 3+2+1 = 6.
The term symbol is written as 2S+1L where L is a label for the orbital angular
momentum according to the historical key:
J = L-S (n<7)
J = L+S (n>7)
L=
label
Example 2
Pr3+ [Xe]4f2
S = 1/2 + 1/2 = 1
2S + 1 = 3
L=3+2=5
H state
3H
4
J = L-S (n<7)
J = L+S (n>7)
label S
L=
config.
Ground
No. of
Ln
Ln3+
State
unpaired e-
Colour
La
4f0
S0
colourless
Ce
4f1
2F
5/2
colourless
2.54
2.3 - 2.5
Pr
4f2
H4
green
3.58
3.4 - 3.6
Nd
4f3
I9/2
lilac
3.62
3.5 - 3.6
Pm
4f4
I4
pink
2.68
Sm
4f5
H5/2
yellow
0.85
1.4 - 1.7
Eu
4f6
F0
pale pink
3.3 - 3.5
Gd
4f7
S7/2
colourless
7.94
7.9 - 8.0
Tb
4f8
F6
pale pink
9.72
9.5 - 9.8
Dy
4f9
H15/2
yellow
10.65
10.4 - 10.6
Ho
4f10
I8
yellow
10.6
10.4 - 10.7
Er
4f11
I15/2
rose-pink
9.58
9.4 - 9.6
Tm
4f12
H6
pale green
7.56
7.1 - 7.6
Yb
4f13
F7/2
colourless
4.54
4.3 - 4.9
Lu
4f14
colourless
7
6
S0
Calculated
Observed
meff/mB
- Ln3+
S +L
S only
Calculated values
Dr. Usama El-Ayaan
Why not ?
Why not ?