Sinh vin : -TH3_K44

-1-

1. a,

S chnh lu cu 3 fa iu khin :
s :
Uf 0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 A B C A

Hnh 1.a b, hot ng ca s : (khi khng xt n trng dn) cu gm 6 thyristor chia thnh 2 nhm nhm Catt chung :T1,, T3, T5; nhm Ant chung : T2, T4, T6; in p cc pha th cp my bin p ln lt l: Ua= 2U 2 sin ;
Ub=

Ud

X1

I1 X3 I3 X5 X2 I2

2U 2 sin( 2 ) 3

I5

2U 2 sin( 4 ) ; 3 Gc m c tnh t im chuyn mch t nhin( giao im ca cc na hnh sin). Gi thit T5 , T6 ang dn cho dng chy qua VF = Vc ; VG= Vb; Uc= * Khi = 1 = + cho xung iu khin 6 m T1 .thyristor ny c m v Va>0 s m ca T1 lm cho T5 b kho li mt cch t nhin v Va> Vc . Lc ny T6 v T1 cho dng chy qua, v in p trn ti l: Ud=Uab=Va-Vb; + cho xung iu 6 khin m T2 khi T2 m n lm cho T6 b kha li tng t trn . Qu trnh c tip tc nh vy, mi van 1 c a xung vo m sau T ; 3 Ta c biu thc tnh ton sau: Khi = 2 = 3

X4

I4 X6 I6

UT1

Hnh1.b

Sinh vin : -TH3_K44

-2-

in p trung bnh trn ti : Ud=

6 2

5 + 6

2U 2 sin d =

3 6

cos

in p ngc ln nht t ln van: Unmax= 6U 2 ; dng in chy qua cc van l : IT = Id/ 3; c. th dng p:(Hnh 1.b) nhn xt: s chnh lu cu 3fa iu khin c u im l c th d dng iu khin cc thyristor ng m thng qua gc m , v cng sut ca s l kh ln . Nhng bn cnh n c nhng hn ch nht nh nh : cht lng in p ra xu ph thuc vo gc m v hin tng trng dn. S ny ch nn dng vi yu cu cng sut ln m khng quan tm n cht lng p ra ! .

2. s chnh lu cu 3 fa khng iu khin :

a, s (Hnh 2.a):

Hnh 2.a

b, Hot ng ca s : - gi s in p th cp ca my bin p ln lt l: ; Ul1= 2 U2sin Ul2= 2 U2sin( -2/3) ; Ul3= 2 U2sin( +2/3) ;

Ud Ud

y chng ta xt ti l trcm (RL); Ta x c hot ng ca s nh sau: Xt ti thi im ng vi =1 ,ta thy in th ti cc im A,B,C nh sau : VA >VB >VC + Dng in ti i t im A n im C . it D1 m cho dng chy qua , v do VF = VA > VB >VC ; cc D3 v D5 b kho v in th catt ca chng (l VA ) ln hn in th ant ca chng l( VB ,VC ). + Diot D2 m cho dng chy qua , v do VG = VC <VB < VA ; cc iot D4 v

ia

ia Id

Hnh 2.b

Sinh vin : -TH3_K44

-3-

D6 b kho v in th ant ca chng (l 1 VC). Cc van ln lt m sau T tc 3 2/3. qu trnh c tip tc nh vy , T th ta c th tnh in p v dng in ra ca s : p trung bnh ca ti l:

A Uf 0 t1 t2

Ud =

6 6 2

U cosd
6

3U 6

=2,34U2 . (1)

Dng chy trong cc van l : Id Ud = ;(coi rng cm ID = , trong Id = 3 R khng v cng ln dng in l lin tc) in p ngc ln nht t ln van l: Unmax= 6 U2 ; c. th dng p(Hnh 2.b):

t3

t4

t5

t6

t7

Ud

3. s clc 3fa khng i xng:

a. s (hnh 3a)
D1 D2 D3 T1

X1
T2

T1 X2 T2 X3 D1 D2

T3

T3
R L

Hnh 3a

b. hot ng ca s : D3 trong khong t (0..t1) T5 v D6 dn cho dng ti i d=Id chy qua, D6 t in th VB ln ant D2. Khi t >t1 in th catt D2 l VC bt u Hnh 3b nh hn VB , it D2 m, dong ti id=Id chy qua D2 v T5 , Ud=0. Khi t=t2 cho xung iu khin T1 . Trong khong (t1..t2) :T1 v D2 cho dng ti Id chy qua, D2 t in th VC ln ant D4 . Khi t >t3 in th catt D4 l Va bt u nh hn Vc , it D4 m. Dng ti Id chy qua D4 v T1, Ud=0.

Sinh vin : -TH3_K44

-4-

Gc m , v nguyn tc, c th bin thin t 0 n . in p chnh lu c th iu chnh c t gi tr ln nht n 0; u im ca s l n gin, r tin hn, song in p chnh lu cha nhiu thnh phn sng hi, cn c b lc tt. c. th dng p(Hnh 3b): d. cng thc tnh ton: T th dng p ta d dng tnh c p trn ti trung bnh l: 3 6U 2 (1 + cos ) ; Ud= 2 Id=Ud/ R; IT = Id / 3; p ngc ln nht t ln van l Unmax= 6U 2 ; I gi tr trung bnh dng th cp bin p l : I2a= d 2 B lc: S :

lc tt nht ta chn s lc kiu LC b lc ny cho php ta lc in p xoay chiu kh tt vi cng sut ln theo nguyn tc ch cho dng in mt chiu i qua : in p sau khi qua khu chnh lu v bm xung p chng c th c khai trin thnh chui Furier , v cc thnh phn bc cng cao sau khi qua b loc l khng th nn tin ta ch xt n thnh phn bc 1 tc s hng u ca chui . ta c kt qu khi khai trin : 3 3 6 3 2U 2 + 2U 2 cos 6 Ud= 35 Nh vy ta c th tnh ton LC c c in p mong mun theo h s p mch: Km=

U = ; 2U 2

* nhn xt: so vi cc s chnh lu khc th s chnh lu cu 3 fa khng iu khin c in p ra tng i bng phng (h s p mch nh) U =!!! Km= 2U 2 C ngha l cht lng in p tt n c dng ch yu cho cc b ngun ,cc b iu khin cn c in p mt chiu . Thit k n gin kinh t vi vic s dng in p 3 fa tin dng , dng ra l lin tc nh c ti mang tnh cht cm khng ln

Sinh vin : -TH3_K44

-5-

Tuy nhin s ny khng trnh khi nhng nhc im nh cng sut nh , phi s dng bin p , v ci bt tin nht ca n l khng iu khin c . Vi cng ngh ngy nay th vn iu khin tr ln n gin hn rt nhiu , th d iu khin s ni trn ta c th dng b bm xung m chng ta s trnh by mc sau

Kt lun: Qua vic phn tch nguyn l hot ng cng nh nh gi cc ch tiu nh cht lng p ra hay tin cy ca s cng nh v cng sut cn thit chng ta c th kt lun mt iu rng : vi cng sut khng ln , in p ra tt nht l dng s chnh lu cu 3fa khng iu khin . iu khin s nh ta ni trn , chng ta x dng b bm in p mt chiu cng vi s kt hp ca b lc s gip cho chng ta thc hin d dng cng vic iu kin vi in p ra theo yu cu cht lng cng nh n nh in p ra. 4. B bm in p mt chiu :(Hnh 4.a) H nh vic ng ngt H ta c cc dng p ra c iu chnh khc nhau tu thuc vo mc bin ng ca ti . Do yu cu khng i hi n cng sut ln nn ta c th c dng bng BJT thay th cho b iu khin H, s c th nh Hnh 4.b:

tu thuc vo tn s bm m ta c in p ra trung bnh khc nhau, ta s xt n vn mc sau . a. Phn tch hot ng ca s : + trng thi ban u T ng . Ta a xung vo m T phng trnh cn bng in p: Uc

Hnh 4.a

dic = V dng ic tng t I2 n I1; dt Khi T kho ta c : di Ric+L c = 0 dng ic gim t I1 n I2; dt gii phng trnh trn ta coi ic =Ic lc ta c Ric +L RIc +L dic = V gii phng trnh ny ta c : dt (1 )vt + I2 ; khi t=T1= T th ic=I1; ic= L

Hnh 4.b

Sinh vin : -TH3_K44

-6-

(1 ) vt + I2 ; L tm biu thc I2 ta gii phng trnh khi T Kho; di di L c = - V RIc +L c = 0 dt dt v(t T ) + I1; ic= L khi t=T th ic=I1 nn : nh vy tac I1= I2= (1 )VT + I1; L