CHUYN : CC MY C N GIN

Ch : Rng rc
A-

KIN THC CN NH:

1) Tc dng ca cc my c n gin l lm bin i lc:
Thay i hng ca lc (rng rc c nh)
Thay i ln ca lc (rng rc ng)
Thay i c hng v ln ca lc (n by, mt phng nghing)
2) nh lut v cng:
Khng mt my c n gin no cho ta li v cng. c li bao
nhiu ln v lc th thit by nhiu ln v ng i v ngc li.
3) Cng thc tnh hiu sut:

H=

Ai
100 0 0
Atp

B- BI TP:
Bi ton v rng rc
Bi Bi 1:
DngFh thng rng rc nh hnh v ko
vt i ln u c trng lng P = 100N.
a. Tnh lc ko dy.
b. nng vt ln cao 4m th phi ko dy
mt on bo nhiu ? Tnh cng dng
P
ko vt.

Bi 2:
C h rng rc nh hnh v. Vt A c trng lng 4N,
mi rng rc c trng lng 1N. B qua ma st v khi
lng ca cc dy treo.
a.
Hi vi h thng trn c th nng vt B c trng
lng bao nhiu n i ln u.
b.

Tnh hiu sut ca h rng rc.

c. ATnh lc ko xung tc dng vo 2 rng rc c nh

v lc tc dng vo gi treo.
B
Bi 3:
C h rng rc nh hnh v. Vt A v B c
trng lng ln lt l 16N v 4,5N. B qua ma st
v khi lng dy. Xem trng lng ca cc rng
rc l khng ng k.
a.

Vt A i ln hay i xung.

b.
Mun vt A chuyn ng u i ln 4 cm th
vt B phiBc trng lng t nht l bao nhiu v di
chuyn bao nhiu?
c.
Tnh hiu sutAca h rng rc ny.

Bi 4:
Xc nh hiu sut ca h thng 3 rng rc hnh bn. Bit hiu sut ca mi
rng rc l 0,9. Nu ko mt vt trng lng 10N ln cao 1 m th cng thng
ma st l bao nhiu ?
1

2
3

Bi 5:
Mt ngi c trng lng P = 600N ng trn tm
vn c treo vo hai rng rc nh hnh v. h thng
cn bng, ngi phi ko dy, lc lc tc dng vo
trc rng rc c nh l F = 720N. Tnh:
a.

Lc do ngi nn ln tm vn.

b.

Trng lng ca tm vn.

c.
B qua ma st v khi lng ca cc rng rc. C
th xem h thng trn l mt vt duy nht.

Bi 6:
a mt vt c khi lng 50 kg ln cao 10 m, ngi th nht dng h
thng rng rc nh hnh (a), ngi th hai dng h thng rng rc nh hnh (b).
Bit khi lng ca mi rng rc l 1 kg v lc cn khi ko dy mi h thng
u bng 10N.
a.

Hy so snh on dy cn ko v cng thc hin trong hai trng hp .

b.

Tnh hiu sut ca mi h thng rng rc.

Hnh b

Hnh a

Fk

Fk
Bi 7:

Cho hnh v, AB l mt thanh ng cht c khi lng 2 kg ang trng thi

cn bng. Mi rng rc c khi lng 0,5 kg. Bit u A c gn vo mt bn l,
mB = 5,5 kg, mC = 10 kg v AC = 20 cm, ta thy thanh AB cn bng. Tm di ca
thanh AB.

A C

mB

mC
Bi 8:

Cho h thng nh hnh v. Bit khi lng ca mi rng rc, vt m 1 v vt

m2 ln lt l 0,2 kg; 6 kg v 4 kg. AB = 3BC, b qua ma st v khi lng ca
cc dy ni. Hi h thng c cn bng khng ? Ti sao?

m1
A

B
C

m2

Bi 9:
ko nc t di ging su ln c d dng, ngi ta s dng h
thng rng rc nh hnh v. Bit O, O' l hai trc quay c nh, mi rng r c
bn knh r = 10 cm, tay quay OA di 50 cm. Trng lng ca mt gu nc l P
= 100N.
a. Tay quay OA nm ngang, tnh ln ca lc ko F k tc dng ln tay
quay gi cho gu nc ng yn. Dng h thng ny ta c li bao
nhiu ln v lc ? B qua khi lng ca dy ni v cc lc cn.
b. Ngi lm vic lin tc trong na gi th ko c bao nhiu m3 v
cng cn thc hin l bao nhiu ? Bit mi ln ko c mt gu nc th
mt 1 pht, h = 10m, khi lng ring ca nc l D = 1000 kg/m 3 v
ln ca lc ko coi nh khng i.

O'

O
A

Bi 10:
Cho s nh hnh v. Bit:
Mt phng nghing c l = 60 cm, h = 30 cm. Thanh AB ng cht tit din u
2
5

c khi lng 0,2 kg v OA = AB , m2 = 0,5 kg.

Hi m1 bng bao nhiu h thng cn bng. B qua ma st v khi lng ca
dy ni.

m1
l

Bi 11:
a mt vt c khi lng 270 kg ln cao 18 m ngi ta dng mt rng
rc ng v mt rng rc c nh vi lc ko c ln l 1500N. Tnh:
a. Hiu sut ca h thng rng rc.
b. ln ca lc cn v khi lng ca rng rc ng. Bit cng hao ph
nng rng rc ng bng

1
cng hao ph do ma st.
5

Ht
5

Li gii
Bi 1:
a. Ta phn
tch lc tc dng vo h thng.
F
vt cn bng ta phi c:
F=

P
= 50 N
2

F
F
b. Khi vt nng ln mt on h = 4 m th
dy phi rt ngn mt on s = 2h = 8m.
Cng dng ko Pvt:
A = F.s = 50.8 = 400 J

Bi 2:
a. PB = 14N;
Vy h thng c th nng vt PB = 14N ln u.
b. Khi vt B i ln mt on h th 2 rng rc ng cng i ln mt on h v vt
A i xung 1 on 4h.
Cng c ch l cng nng vt B:
Ai = PB . h = 14h
Cng ton phn l cng ca vt A thc hin c:

F F F

At = PA . 4h = 16h
v hiu sut ca h thng:
H=

Ai
14h
100 0 0 =
100 0 0 = 87,5 0 0
At
16h

c. Lc tc dng vo mi trc rng rc c nh l:

F
P

A
PA

B
PB

2F + P = 2. PA + P = 9N
Lc tc dng vo gi treo gm hai lc ca mi trc rng rc c nh tc dng vo
gi v u dy treo vo gi:
2 . 9 + F = 18 + PA = 22N

Bi 3:
a. Nu A cn bng th do trng lng vt A l PA = 16N
nn lc cng ca dy th nht F1 =
ca dy th hai l F2 =

PA
= 8 N , lc cng
2

F1
= 4N
2

Theo bi, vt B c trng lng PB = 4,5N > F2 = 4N

nn B(II)
i xung,
(I) cn vt A i ln.
3
b. Khi vt B c trng lng l PB' = 4 N th lc ko xung
Fca
trng lc cn bng vi lc F2 ko vt B ln.
3
F2
Nu lc u
A v B ng yn th ta c th kch thch A
chuyn 2ng u i ln, cn B chuyn ng u i xung.
Ta thyF1ko vt A c trng lng PA = 16N i ln ch
P ' = 4 N . Nh vy tnh v lc th li
cn
1 lng B
B c trng
4 ln nn phi thit 4 ln v ng i.Do vt B phi
i xung 16 cm.
A
Tht vy, khi A i xung mt on h, dy th nht (I) b
rt ngn mt on 2h, dy thu hai (II) b rt ngn mt
on 4h.
Khi rng rc (1) i ln 4 cm (cng vi a) th rng rc (2)
phi i ln 8 cm nn B phi i xung 16 cm.

Bi 4:
V h gm cc rng rc c nh nn khng cho ta li v lc. Hiu sut mi rng rc
l:
H=

P
P
F =
F
H

F1

Gi F1, F2, F l lc ko cc rng rc 1,2 v 3 ta c:

F1 =

P
F
P
F
P
; F2 = 1 = 2 ; F = 2 = 3
H
H H
H H

Vy hiu sut ca h rng rc l: H ' =

P
= H 3 0, 73
F

F2
3

Khi nng vt P, cng c ch: Ai = P.h = 10 J

Cng ton phn: A = Ai + Ax = 10 + Ax
vi Ax l cng thng ma st.
A' =

Ai
10
0, 73 =
A
10 + Ax

Gii ra ta c Ax = 3,7 J
Bi 5:
a) Gi T l lc cng dy rng rc ng, T ' l
lc cng dy rng rc c nh. Ta c:
'
T ' = 2T ; F = 2T = 4T
'

T
T=

F 720 N
=
= 180 N
4F T' 4

Gi Q l lc ngi nn ln vn, ta c:
T
Q = P - T = 600N - 180N = 420N
'
b)TGi
PQ' lTtrng lng tm vn, coi h thng
P mt vt duy nht v do h thng cn
trn l
bng, ta c:
'
T' + T = PP' + Q
Suy ra: 3T = P + Q P' = 3T - Q
P' = 3.180 - 420 = 120N
Vy lc ngi nn ln tm vn l 420N v tm
vn c trng lng 120 N.
Bi 6:
a. Hai h thng rng rc hnh (a) v hnh (b) u b thit 4 ln v ng i cho
nn u phi ko on dy di:
s1 = s2 = s = 4.10 = 40 (m)
Hnh a:
Lc ko: Fk1 =

P + 2.PRR
10(50 + 2.1)
+ FC =
+ 10
4
4

Fk1 = 140N

Cng thc hin ko vt ln:

A1 = Fk1 . s = 140 x 4 = 5600 (J)
Hnh b:
P + PRR
10.(50 + 1)
+ PRR
+ 10.1
Lc ko: F = 2
2
+
F
=
+ 10
k2
C
2
2
Fk2 = 142,5 (N)

Cng thc hin ko vt ln:

A2 = Fk2 . s =142,5 x 40 = 5700 (J)
A2 - A1 = 5700 - 5600 = 100 (J)
Vy ngi th hai cn phi thc hin mt cng ln hn v ln hn 100 J.
b. Hiu sut ca mi h thng l:
Cng c ch l: A = P.h = 50.10.10 = 5000 (J)
Vy:
H1 =

Aci 5000
=
89,3 0 0
A1 5600

H2 =

Aci 5000
=
87, 7 0 0
A2 5700

Bi 7:
Da vo hnh v ta c lc tc dng vo u B
l:

PB + PRR 10.(5,5 + 0,5)

=
= 30 (N )
FB 2T T
2
B
A C G
Khi thanh AB thng bng ta c:
PC . AC P
+AB
PAB . AG = PBm. AB
B
mC
AB
PB
M AG =
(G l trng tm
ca AB)
PC 2
F=

10.10.0, 2 + 10.2.

AB
= 30. AB
2

20 + 10.AB = 30.AB

20.AB = 20 AB = 1(m).
9

Bi 8:
Gi s khi thay m2 bng m2' sao cho h thng cn bng.
Khi h thng cn bng th:
F.AB = P1.BC
3.FC.BC = P1.BC nn 3.F = P1
M ta c: F = T =
3.

P2 + PRR
2

P2 + PRR
= P1
2

m1

1,5.P2 + 1,5.PRR = P1
P2 =

P1

P1
60
PRR =
2 = 38( N )
1,5
1,5

T
m2
P2

m2 = 3,8(kg )
'

Ta thy m2' = 3,8kg < m2 = 4kg. Vykhi treo m2 = 4 kg vo rng rc th h thng khng
cn bng m vt m1 s chuyn ng ln trn cn m2 s chuyn ng xung di.
Bi 9:
a) Tnh lc ko Fk gi cho gu nc ng yn.
c li v lc th phng ca Fk phi vung gc vi OA.
Khi gu nc ng yn ta c:
Fk .OA = P. r Fk =

r
10
P = 100 = 20( N )
OA
50

b) Lng nc ko trong 30 pht: P' = P.30 = 100.30 = 3000 (N)

V =

P'
3000
=
= 0,3(m3 )
10.D 10.1000

V b qua ma st nn cng thc hin l:

A = P'.h = 3000.10 =30000(J)

10

Bi 10:
Ta biu din cc lc nh hnh v.
Theo bi ta c:

m1

2
OA = AB
5

P1

3
AB
5
OB = 0, 6. AB
OB =

FA A
l

OG

h
P2

G l trng tm:
GA = GB = 0,5.AB
Thanh AB ta xem nh l mt n by c im ta ti B.
Khi h thng cn bng th:
F.l = P1.h F =

P1.h
l

(1)

F . AB = P2 .OB + PAB .GB

F=

P2 .OB + PAB .GB

AB

F=

AB.(0, 6.P2 + O,5.PAB )

AB

F = 0,6.P2 + 0,5. PAB

T (1) v (2) ta c:
P1 =

(2)

P1.h
= 0, 6.P2 + 0,5.PAB
l

(0, 6.P2 + 0,5.PAB ).l (0, 6.5 + 0,5.2).0, 6

=
= 8( N )
h
0,3

Vy m1 = 0,8 kg

Bi 11:
a) Hiu sut ca h rng rc:
Cng c ch:
Aci = P.h = 270.10.18 = 48600 (J)
Cng ton phn:
11

Atp = F.2.h = 1500.2.18 = 54000 (J)

A

48600

ci
Vy hiu sut: H = A = 54000 = 90 0 0
tp

b) Khi lng ca rng rc:

Cng hao ph:
Ahp = Atp - Aci = 54000 - 48600 = 5400 (J)
Cng nng rng rc ng gp hai ln cng do ma st nn ln lc cn v
lc nng rng rc l:
Ac =

5
5
Ahp = 5400 = 4500( J )
6
6

Fc =

Ac 4500
=
= 125( N )
s
2.18

ANRR = Ahp - Ac = 5400 - 4500 = 900 (J)

M: FNRR =

ANRR 900
=
= 25( N )
s
2.18

PRR = 2.FNRR = 2.25 = 50( N )

Vy rng rc c khi lng: mRR = 5 kg

12