B NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN

C QUAN VIN TR PHT TRIN QUC T AUSTRALIA

CHNG TRNH HP TC NNG NGHIP V PHT TRIN NNG THN

D N CARD 013VIE05

LN MEN, SY V NH GI CHT LNG CA CAO VIT NAM

Vin NC&PT Cng ngh Sinh hc

LN MEN, SY V NH GI CHT LNG CA CAO VIT NAM

K THUT S CH CA CAO
Nguyn Vn Thnh
Vin Nghin Cu & Pht Trin Cng Ngh Sinh Hc Trng i Hc Cn Th
2

K THUT S CH CA CAO
NI DUNG TRNH BY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Thu hoch tri Tn tr tri p tri - tch ht Tri/phi ht Ln men/ ht Ngm ht sau khi ln men Cc im cn ch trong ln men Sy ht ca cao Thit b sy ca cao bng nng lng mt tri
3

1. THU HOCH TRI Thu hoch tri chn Tch ring tri h hng v nhim nm mc. Nn thu hoch thng xuyn (1 hoc 2 tun/ln), trnh tri qu chn, d b nhim nm mc; s tn cng ca chut v cc loi gm nhm. Loi b tri b su bnh (trnh pht tn mm bnh).
4

2. TN TR TRI
50

Tc dng ca tn tr tri:
C lng tri cn thit ln men.

45 40 35 30 25

Kt qu TN:

20 0 1 2 3 N g y l n men ( ng y) C a cao t i C a cao t n t r sau 7 ng y 4 5 6

Qu trnh ln men din ra nhanh hn. Giai on ln men ym kh ngn, gim c chua.
60 T l ht nu (%)

T l ht nu cao hn.

50 40 30 20 10 0 4 5 6 7 8 Thi gian ln m en (ngy)

Tri ca cao ti
Tri c tn tr

Tn tr tri khong 7 9 ngy trc khi ln men

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2. TN TR TRI

Phng php tn tr tri

Tn tr ni kh ro, thong mt. Trnh nng, ma trc tip. Tch ring cc tri b h hng, nhim nm mc.

X
c ln nhiu tri thi, mc trong lng tre trong lng g tp trn nn nh
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3. P TRI - TCH HT
Khng dng dng c sc bn, nn dng dng c cn trnh lm tn thng ht. Trnh nc ma lm tri lp cm nhy. Ht c mu en, c r v ht lp nn loi b.

4. TRI/ PHI HT Phi trn v tre, nn xi mng hoc tm nha (2 gi trc khi ln men)

4. TRI/ PHI HT
90
50 45 Nhit ( oC) 40 35 30

T l ht nu (%)

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 4 5 Thi gian ln m en (ngy)

Ht khng phi
Ht phi trong 2 gi

25 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Thi gian ln m en (ngy)

Ht khng phi
Ht c phi 2 gi

T l ht nu cao hn v gia tng theo thi gian ln men

Ht mt m, nhit gia tng, qu trnh ln men din ra nhanh hn.

Tn tr tri t 7 - 9 ngy v tri/phi ht trong 2 gi trc khi ln men.

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5. LN MEN/
Cc phng php ln men: - thng/ cn x - ng - thng Bao ph bng l chui: pha di y (khng nn qu dy, ct thnh hnh rng lc), xung quanh v pha trn (kt hp vi bao ay). - Trnh s xm nhp qu nhiu ca khng kh. - Trnh s mt m qu nhanh. - Trnh s mt nhit. Theo di nhit ca qu trnh ln men (nhit mong mun trong khong 45 - 50oC) o trn ht: ln men ng u, gia tng mc ln men. o trn ngy th 2 (nu nhit tng qu chm, c th o trn ngy th 3 hoc th 4).
10

5. LN MEN/ thng/ cn x - S lng ht t (nhng khng nn t hn 25kg ht).

50 45 Nhit ( oC) 40 35 30 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 Ngy ln m en (ngy)
Khng phi ht Ht c phi 2 gi trc khi ln men

11

5. LN MEN/

ng

12

5. LN MEN/
ng - Phng php n gin nht. - Ph bin Ty Phi. - Khi lng ht t ti thiu: 25kg.
50 45 Nhit ( C)

40

35

30

25 0 1 2 3 Ngy ln men (ngy) Ti H Nng Lm TP. HCM (100kg) Ti H Cn Th (25kg) 4 5 6

13

5. LN MEN/ thng: thng dng, khi lng t 25kg cho n khi bt k ngi nng dn c c.

14

5. LN MEN/
Cu to thng ln men: thanh g rng 15cm v dy 2,5cm (vn mng + polystyren gi nhit). Kch thc cc loi thng ln men vi cc khi lng ht ca cao khc nhau
Khi lng ht ca cao (kg) 25 50 100 250 Kch thc thng (kch thc bn trong, cm) Di 33 49,5 70 80 Rng 26 29 43,5 80 Cao 30 35 39 40
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5. LN MEN/
Cu to thng ln men 25kg, 50kg v 100kg ht t

16

5. LN MEN/ thng - ng: Kt qu ln men u t tt

50 Nhit ( oC) 45 40 35 30 25 0 1 2 3 4 5 Ngy ln m en (ngy)

thng 250kg

thng 100kg

thng 50kg

thng 25kg

ng 25kg

Nhit khi ca cao thng vi khi lng 25kg, 50kg, 100kg, 250kg v ng vi khi lng 25kg ht ca cao t
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6. NGM HT SAU KHI LN MEN

90

T l h t n u (% )

Ngm ht ln men trong nc khong 2 gi. Ci thin cht lng:

tng t l ht nu, gim axit v tng hng v s-c-la.

85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 5 6 Thi gian ln men (ngy) 7

Ht khng ngm

Ht ngm 2 gi

nh hng ca qu trnh ngm ht (trong 2gi) trc khi sy n t l ht nu hon ton

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7. CC IM CN LU TRONG QU TRNH LN MEN

Ln men bng cch thng, thng hay ng u thnh cng. Tn tr tri: 7 - 9 ngy. Tri/ phi ht 2 gi trc khi ln men. o nhit ln men mi ny, nu nhit tng qu chm nn o trn ht (sau 3 - 4 ngy ln men, nhit t gn n 50oC). Thi gian ln men khuyn co: 6 ngy. Khi lng ht ca cao t ti thiu: 25kg (t hn 300 tri khng nn tin hnh ln men).
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7. CC IM CN LU TRONG QU TRNH LN MEN

S gia tng nhit thng thng: Ngy 1: 35 - 42oC Ngy 0: 25 - 30oC Ngy 3: 45 - 50oC Ngy 2: 42 - 45oC Ngy 6: 40 - 45oC. Ngy 3: 45 - 50oC Khi nhit xung thp hn 40oC ngy ln men th 4 hay cc ngy sau th lp tc mang i phi sy (ca cao bt u xut hin mi v xu). Khuyn co nn ngm ht ca cao ln men (2 gi) trc khi sy kh ht.
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7. CC IM CN LU TRONG QU TRNH LN MEN

Khi o trn ht, lu : - Tch cc ht ca cao dnh vi nhau. - Loi b li tri hay bt k vt l khc ln vo. Kt thc qu trnh ln men: kim tra ct ht.

Ht c mu nu t tt sau ln men Ln men qu xut hin mu en v nhim nm mc

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8. SY CA CAO Khu quan trng: cc phn ng ho hc to mi v vn cn tip din. Thi gian lm kh: trong khong 5 - 7 ngy. - Qu nhanh: axit khng bc hi kp. - Qu chm: xm nhim ca nm mc. Phi nng hoc sy bng thit b sy nng lng mt tri
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8. SY CA CAO
Cc hnh thc phi nng thng dng Bn Tre

V c Lc

Nhc im:
- Di chuyn ra vo khi tri ma v vo thi gian ban m. - Di chuyn n nhng ni c nh nng. - D b nhim nm mc (vo ma ma) - Tn nhiu cng lao ng. - Din tch s dng ln.
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8. SY CA CAO Thit b sy ca cao bng nng lng mt tri.

Gim cng lao ng. Rt ngn thi gian sy (c bit trong ma ma). Hn ch s xm ca nhim nm mc v hin tng ca cao ln men qu . t tn din tch. S dng c quanh nm.

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THIT B SY CA CAO BNG NNG LNG MT TRI

70 60 Nhit ( o C) 50 40 30
Tem p & R H 80 120

Temp & RH 25/4/06

100

20 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 Thi gian (gi)

Temp Dryer
60

RH Dryer

Temp Ambient

RH Ambient
40

20

Sy

Phi nng

Mi trng

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0 :0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

:0 0

09

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

S bin i nhit bn trong thit b sy so vi nhit mi trng v nhit khi lm kh ht bng cch phi nng

Time of day

S bin i nhit v m bn trong thit b sy v mi trng xung quanh

23

:0 0

25

THIT B SY CA CAO BNG NNG LNG MT TRI

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Thi gian (ngy)

70 60
m (% )

m (% )

50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Thi gian (ngy)

Sy

Phi nng

Ma nng

Ma ma

S mt m ca ht ca cao trong khi sy v phi nng

Thi gian sy kh ht trong ma ma v ma nng

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THIT B SY CA CAO BNG NNG LNG MT TRI

Ht ca cao c phi kh bng phng php truyn thng (7 - 8 ngy) so snh vi ht c lm kh bng thit b sy s dng nng lng mt tri (5 - 6 ngy)
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THIT B SY CA CAO BNG NNG LNG MT TRI

Cc thng s chnh ca cc thit b sy ca cao bng nng lng mt tri

Kch thc khung (m) Din tch sn sy (m2) Khi lng ht ca cao ln men (kg) Khi lng hc (20x30cm) Tm lp Polycarbonate Suntuf - Israel hoc Solar Tuff - Indonesia 11,0 x 3,0 x 3,0 9 450 9 6,0 x 2,0 x 2,0 4 200 6 5,6 x 1,17 x 1,71 2 100 2

11 29

5 13

2 6

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THIT B SY CA CAO BNG NNG LNG MT TRI

Phi cnh thit b sy ca cao bng nng lng mt tri vi kch thc sn sy l 4m2

29

THIT B SY CA CAO BNG NNG LNG MT TRI

Mt ct A-A v mt bng (t l 1/50) ca thit b sy 4m2 sn sy

30

THIT B SY CA CAO BNG NNG LNG MT TRI

Mt ng chnh v cc chi tit (t l 1/50) ca thit b sy

31

THIT B SY CA CAO BNG NNG LNG MT TRI

Cc chi tit mt chnh, mt bng sn (t l 1/50) ca thit b sy

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RT MONG NHN C KIN NG GP

Vin NC&PT Cng ngh Sinh hc

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