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1)

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" " (Main Head Regulator)

" (Slide Gate)

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2)

Free Flow

Q = CLh 2gy1

Submerged Flow

Q = CA 2gh

Free Flow

Q = CLh 2gy1

Submerged Flow

Q = CA 2gh

. ./

. ./

4
$1
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" H!

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(Sluice Gate)

Sluice Gate

(FTO)
" H!

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(Buffled Distribution)

(Stop Log)

Buffled Distribution

Free Flow

Q=Cd .L.Go 2gh

Submerged Flow

Q=Cs .L.Go 2gh

Free Flow

Q=Cd .L.Go 2gh

Submerged Flow

Q=Cs .L.Go 2gh

Stop Log

) ,' (

% ' )

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Constant Head Orifice - C.H.O.

3)

" ,() "

Q = CLH3/2

Q = CA 2gh

Q = CA 2gh

Q = CA 2gh

))

" ("(Vertical Drop)

Q = CL (H + (V2/2g))3/2

))

'"

Q = CLH3/2

))

'" (Pipe Drop Structure)

Q = (D V)/4

Q = 1.84 LCH3/2

)) Side Channal Spillway

"

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U' % '

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"% (Cipolletti or Trapezoidal Weir)

# &2"

3/2

Q = 0.01838 L H

Q = 0.01838 (H + h)3/2 - h 3/2

3/2

Q = 0.01838 H (L-0.2H)

Q = 0.01838 (H+ h)3/2 -h3/2 ( L - 0 .2 H )

Q = 0.01859 L H3/2

# &2"

Q = 0.01859 L (H+1.5h)3/2

Q = 2.49 H2.48

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% ' (Triangular or 900 V-Notch Weir)

U ' , (Diversion Weir)

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# &2"

U'

U' % '

Q . ./

)) Ogee Crest

) +

Q = 0.5522 CLe He3/2

U ' ,* (Duck Bill Weir)

Q = Cd .L. 2g.H3/2

U' ( !"

Q = cd [bc yc + z y2c ] [2g(H1 - yc )] 1/2

" ,(

" ,(

)) Parshall Flume

)) Cutthroat Flume

Free Flow

Qf = CHan1

Submerged Flow

QS =( C1(Ha - Hb)n1) / ((-(logS + C2))n2)

Free Flow

Qf = CfHunf

Submerged Flow

QS =(Cs(HU - HD)nf)/(-(logS))ns

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Main Head Regulator
(Slide Gate)
34 5 Free Flow

Q = CLh 2gy1
C

$%

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$:

y1
g

!" (Discharge Coefficient)

%!

>

!"

?@

9 A?

.
= 9.81

!"

. ./

34 5 Submerged Flow

Q = CA 2gh
C

$%

J!

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. = G0L

%!

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> 9
!" 9

!" = y1 - hS

!"

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9 A?

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!"

= 9.81

!"

. ./


Main Head Regulator
: ; (Radial or Tainter Gate)
43 5 Free Flow

Q = CLh 2gy1
C

$%

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$:

y1

!" (Discharge Coefficient)

%!

>

%N

g
Q

?@

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9 (
9 A?

)
= 9.81
!"

. ./

43 5 Submerged Flow
C

Q = CA 2gh
$% &$ '(

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%!

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> 9
!" 9

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9 A?

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!"

= 9.81

!"

. ./
7

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(Sluice Gate )

Free Flow
Q = Cd .L.G o 2gh

Cd P $%

&$ '(

F?

Q N $ R@

Free Flow

Go P & & ;
Us P & % !" 9
Ds P & % !" 9

!"
9

.
.

Y = Us X & % '

!"
& :

h = Y X 0.60Go
L P

9 Q?

g P ?

Q P %

;
9 A?

= 9.81

!" F?

. ./
8

Submerged Flow
Q = Cs .L.G o 2gh

Cs P $% &$ '(
\> >! ?: % H @ & Go

F?

Q N $ R@

Submerged Flow

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Us P & % !" 9
Ds P & % !" 9

.
!"

H = Ds X & % '

!"
& :

h = Us X Ds
L P

9 Q?

g P ?

Q P %

;
9 A?

= 9.81
!" F?

. ./

4=;
(Buffled Distribution)

Free Flow
Q = Cd .L.G o 2gh

Cd P $%

&$ '(

F?

Q N $ R@

Free Flow

Go P & & ;
Us P & % !" 9
Ds P & % !" 9

.
!"

Y = Us X & % '

!"
& :

h = Y X 0.60Go
L P

9 Q?

g P ?
Q P %

;
9 A?

= 9.81
!" F?

. ./

10

Submerged Flow
Q = Cs .L.G o 2gh

Cs P $% &$ '(
\> >! ?: % H @ & Go

F?

Q N $ R@

Submerged Flow

Go P & & ;
Us P & % !" 9
Ds P & % !" 9

.
!"

H = Ds X & % '

!"
&:

h = Us X Ds
L P

9 Q?

g P ?

Q P %

;
9 A?

= 9.81
!" F?

. ./

11

4=;
(Stop Log)

%
C

$%

&$ '(

L
H
Q

!" F? Q = CLH3/2

$% ^

!"

>

:? & ? 1.5 -2.2

!"

!" 9
$% ^
!"

. ./

12

!"
E

4 3F

Q = CA 2gh

F?
3F4 3F
A = G0W

J!

9 %

G0

&& ;

$%

?@

F ?

y1

& % !" 9

hS

& % !" 9

!"

!"

F? Q?

Q?

!" F?

&$ '(

!"

9 A?

= 9.81
& % !" 9

:? & ? 0.6 A> 0.7

9@ & 9

F?

. ./
13

!"
E

F?

Q = CA 2gh

360 - ) sin
A= (
+
360 R2 2R2
A J!
9 % !"

F? Q?

= 22
R

%N c d

= 2(90- )1

= sin-1 ((G0 - R)/R)1

G0

&& ;

$%

g
h

? @ 9 A?
= 9.81 /
F ?
& % !" 9
9@ & 9

y1

& % !" 9

hS

& % !" 9

&$ '(

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!"

:? & ? 0.6 A> 0.7

2

F?

. ./

14

E
Constant Head Orifice - C.H.O.

!"

F?

$%

J! $?

$:
?@

X0
& &
Q

!" F? Orifice Gate

Orifice

9 h

Q = CA 2gh

&$ '(

; d 9 !" 9 = W x Y

Orifice Gate
?

&:

9 A?

= 9.81

@ ?

& % !"

& &

%!

J
!"

3F

&% '
/

&:

9 @ & 9 Orifice Gate %

F?

dQ9 0.06

. ./

15

!" @ " @J %!
Vertical Drop
!"

d 9

F? " @J Wing Wall

Side Wall

Q = CL (H + (Va2/2g))3/2
C

$%

&$ '(

" @J

Va
g

l
?@

H
Q

!" F? @ & " dQ9 1.822

9 A?
$:

!" m

!"

!"

= 9.81

/
/

? Sidewalls
!" 9 " @J

16

. ./

K LM 4 3

F? Overflow Discharge, Q = CLH3/2

!"

$%

&$ '(

!" F? @ & " dQ9 1.822

H
Q

Sidewalls
$:
!"

!"

Check

? Sidewalls
F? Overflow Discharge

17

. ./

K
43
Pipe Drop Structure
Pipe Drop with Stilling Pool

? Q = 1 D2 V
4
$9 F? N: R
?

!"

F?

!" d

!"

l ? ( ? Vmax)

!" $: $t d

l ?

< 1.00

$"

% Earth Outlet Transition

< 1.50

$"

% Concrete Outlet Transition

!"

F?

. ./

18

Side Channel Spillway

!" F? $% Spillway
Q = 1.84 LCH3/2

LC
H
Q

Creast
$:

Head

Spillway Crest
!" F? $% Spillway

19

. ./

W 3F4 3F M ; K V 3 =;
(Suppressed Rectangular Weir)

3 3FV

4 Q RS

(Velocity of Approach)

Q = 0.01838 LH3/2
L

$% ^

>

!"

!" 9

$% ^

!"

/
. ./

3 3F

4 Q RS
(Velocity of Approach)
Q = 0.01838 L((H+h)3/2-h3/2)
V

l m

g
h
H

h @

> :

9^
= 9.81

l
>

L
Q

&@$ !"

\
/

\
!"

$% ^

!" 9

$% ^

h = V2/2g

!"

/
. ./

20

W 3F4 3F M ; K 3 =;
Contracted Rectangular Weir

3 3FV

4 Q RS

(Velocity of Approach)

Q = 0.01838 H3/2 (L - 0.2H)

L

$% ^

>

!"

!" 9

$% ^

!"

/
. ./

3 3F

4 Q RS

(Velocity of Approach)

Q = 0.01838 L((H+h)3/2-h3/2)(L - 0.2H)

V

l m

g
h
H

h @

> :

9^

= 9.81

l
>

L
Q

&@$ !"

h = V2/2g
2

\
!"

$% ^

!" 9

$% ^

!"

/
. ./

21

W 3F4 3F
Cipolletti or Trapezoidal Weir

3 3FV

4 Q RS
(Velocity of Approach)
Q = 0.01859 LH3/2
L

$% ^

>

!"

!" 9

$% ^

!"

/
. ./

3 3F

4 Q RS
(Velocity of Approach)
Q = 0.01859 L(H + 1.5h)3/2
V

l m

g
h
H

h @

9^

> :

= 9.81

l
>

L
Q

&@$ !"

\
/

\
!"

$% ^

!" 9

$% ^

h = V2/2g

!"

/
. ./

22

W
4 3F
Triangular or 90\ V-Notch Weir

Q = 0.0138 H2.5
H

>

!"

$% ^

!"

/
. ./

23

^
!"
Diversion Weir

!" 9 $% ^

!" @

Ogee Crest

Q = 0.5522 CLe He3/2

C

? $%

&$ '(
$: ^ t ?
& % !" 9 9 ^ 9

Le

"! 9 $% ^ \> h& ? @

^ @& 9
9
%^

&$ 'F

He

Head %!

Crest \>

Crest
A> Velocity Head

!" F? ^

9 Ha 9
. ./

24

K W E
(W
Duck Bill Weir

4 5 )

!" F?
Q = Cd .L. 2g.H3/2

&@$ !" m

Cd $%

&$ '(

F?

H P

$:

L P

9^

? 0.30

Q N$ R
9 $% ^

$% ^

g P ?
Q P %

!"

&@$ !"

9 A?

= 9.81
!" F? ^

. ./

25

E ;

Q = cd [bc yc + z y2c ] [2g(H1 - yc )] 1/2

cd P ? $%

&$ '(

yc P

>

bc P

g P ?
H1 P ?

z P ?

9h $% $?

!"

:?% ? H1 @ & L

9 %

$% ^
9 A?
>

>!

!" 9

$% ^

9 %

> z
t \> %! m % N

= 9.81 /
!" h & % '

& :

9 % ^
!" F? ^

. ./

26

Parshall Flume

Free Flow
Qf = CHan1

Ha

Head

Dimension Factor \> >!

n1

? " % \>

Qf

9
?

:?%

!" F?

$?

(Throat)

:? & ? 1.522 A> 1.600

Free Flow

. ./

Submerged Flow
QS =( C1(Ha - Hb)n1) / ((-(logS + C2))n2)

Ha

Head

Hb

Head $?

? %

C1

Dimensional Factor \> >!

F
$?

9
Hb/Ha
:?%

$?

C2 = 0.0044
n1

? " % \>

:? & ? 1.522 A> 1.600

n2

? " % \>

:? & ? 1.000 A> 1.275

QS

!" F?

Submerged Flow

27

. ./

Cutthroat Flume

Free Flow
Qf = CfHunf

Cf

? $%

&$ '(

Kf

? $%

&$ '(

HU

>

nf
Qf

Flume
(Throat)
!" d

? " % \>
%

t Cf

Free Flow , Cf = KfW1.025

9
@

!" F?
P %@

@ &d

>!

@ & nf h& >!

:? & ? 1.542 A> 2.000

Free Flow

:?%

Flume (L) @ &

:?%

. ./
9

Throat (W)

Flume (L)
Flume

28

dQ9 %

$? HU/L ? 9 ?

? % 0.33

Submerged Flow
QS =(CS(HU - HD)nf)/(-(logS))ns
Submerged Flow , CS = KSW1.025

CS

? $%

&$ '(

KS

? $%

&$ '(h !" (Submerged)

W
S

(Throat)

HD / HU ( ?

HD

>

HU

>

nf

? " % \>

nS

? " % \>

Qf

? 0.95)
9 F
!" d

t CS

?
?

9
@

:? & ? 1.542 A> 2.000

:? & ? 1.200 A> 1.750

!" F?
P %@

>!

@ & nS h& >!

@ &d

Submerged Flow

:?%

Flume (L) @ &

:?%

. ./
9

Throat (W)

Flume (L)
Flume

29

dQ9 %

$? HU/L ? 9 ?

? % 0.40

=
MF ;_E

30

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9.
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12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
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