Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

& H PHNG TRNH

TUYN CHN 100 BI PHNG TRNH

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

GII PHNG TRNH & H PHNG TRNH

5x 2 + 14 x 9 x 2 x 20 = 5. x + 1
2) x 5 15x 3 + 45 x 27 = 0
11
25

=1
3)
x 2 ( x + 5) 2
1)

4)

( x 2)( 4 x ) + 4 x 2 + 4 4 x + 6x

3x = x 3 + 30

x 3 xy 2 + 2000 y = 0
5)
y 3 yx 2 500 x = 0
6) 5 27 x 10 5x 6 + 5 864 = 0
x2 + x 1 + x2 + x +1 = x2 x + 2
12 x 2 48x + 64 = y 3

2
3
8) 12 y 48 y + 64 = z
2
3
12z 48z + 64 = x
7)

x 19 + y 5 = 1890 z + z 2001
19
5
2001
9) y + z = 1890 x + x
19
5
2001
z + x = 1890 y + y
2 x + 1 = y 3 + y 2 + y

3
2
10) 2 y + 1 = z + z + z

3
2
2z + 1 = x + x + x
11) ( x 18 )( x 7 )( x + 35)( x + 90 ) = 2001x 2
12) ( 2001 x ) 4 + ( 2003 x ) 4 = 2000
1 x 2x + x 2
13)
=
x
1+ x2
a bx ( b + c ) x + x 2
xut:
Vi a ,b,c >0
=
cx
a + x2
14) x 2 + 4 x = 2 x 2 5x 1
xut :

b2 a 2
ba a + b
ba
x
x a + b x = ( b a ) x

2 2
2
2
2

(Vi a + 2 < b )
15)

3x 2 x + 2001 3 3x 2 7 x + 2002 3 6x 2003 = 3 2002

4

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

3

8x 3 + 2001
16)
2002 = 4004 x 2001

( x a )( x b ) + ( x c )( x b ) + ( x a )( x c ) = 1
17)
c( c a )( c b ) a ( a c )( a b ) b( b a )( b c ) x
Trong a;b;c khc nhau v khc khng

18) x = 1 1978 1 1978 x 2

19) x x 2 1 =
20)

x + 2 x + .... + 2 x + 2 3x = x

21) 1 x 2 + 4 x 2 + x 1 + 6 1 x 1 = 0

22) 1 x = x
3

23)

x2 2 = 2 x3

24) 1 + 1 x 2
25)

[ (1 + x )

(1 x ) 3

]= 2+

1 x2

36
4
+
= 28 4 x 2 y 1
x2
y 1

26) x 4 10 x 3 2( a 11) x 2 + 2( 5a + 6 ) x + 2a + a 2 = 0
27)Tm m phng trnh :

(x

1 ( x + 3)( x + 5) = m

c 4 nghim phn bit x1 ; x2 ; x3 ; x4 tha mn

1
1
1
1
+
+
+
= 1
x1 x 2 x 3 x 4

x 5 x 4 + 2 x 2 y = 2
5
4
2
28) y y + 2 y z = 2 Tm nghim dng ca phng trnh
5
4
2
z z + 2z x = 2
29) 18 x 2 18x x 17 x 8 x 2 = 0
30) 4 17 x 8 3 2 x 8 1 = 1
31) x 2 + 2 x = 2 x 2 2 x

x 4 + y 4 + z 4 = 8( x + y + z )
32)
xyz = 8

33) 19 + 10 x 4 14 x 2 = 5x 2 38
34)

x 2 6125 210 12 x
+ 2 +

=0
5
x
5
x
5

x2 2

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

y 3 6x 2 + 12 x 8 = 0
3
2
35) x 6z + 12 z 8 = 0
3
2
z 6 y + 12 y 8 = 0

)(

36) x + 3 x + 2 x + 9 x + 18 = 168 x
37)Tm m h phng trnh sau c ng 2 nghim.

( x + y ) 8 = 256
8
x + y 8 = m + 2
38) x = 2 x 3 x + 5 x 3 x + 5 x 2 x
2 2
39)
+ x = x+9
x +1
a
xut:
+ x = x + a +1
(a > 1)
x +1
40) 13 x 1 + 9 x + 1 = 16 x
28
27
41) 2 . 4 27 x 2 + 24 x +
= 1+
x+6
3
2
42) 5x 1 + 3 9 x = 2 x 2 + 3x 1
x + y + z = 1

43) x y z
x+y y+z
+
+
=
y z x y + z + x + y +1

44) x 3 3x 2 + 2

( x + 2) 3 6x = 0

a b
= c xz
x z
b c
45) = a xy Trong a;b;c R *+
y x
c a
= c yz
z y

)(

46) x 2 12 x 64 x 2 + 30 x + 125 + 8000 = 0

47) ( x 2 ) x 1

2x + 2 = 0

x 1 + x 2 + ... + x n = n

48)

x 1 + 8 + x 2 + 8 + ... + x n + 8 = 3n

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

49)Cho h phng trnh:

n
x i = n
i =1
; b > 1 .CMR:H phng trnh c nghim duy
n
2
x + b 1 = bn
i =1 i
nht x1 = x2 = ...= xn = 1
50)

3x =x 3+x
Tng qut: bx + c = x px + q vi a; b; q; p R & q 2 = 3pb.

51) x = 2004 +

)(

x 1 1 x

)(

Tng qut: ax = b + c x d
cho trc.
52) 4 x 2 4 x 10 =

d2 e x

vi a;b;c;d;e l cc hng s

8x 2 6x 10

x 3 ( 2 + 3y ) = 1
53)
x y 3 2 = 3
x 3 + 3xy 2 = 49
54)
x 2 8xy + y 2 = 8 y 17 x

55) 16 x 4 + 5 = 6 .3 4 x 3 + x

(
(
(

)
)
)

x 2 ( x + 1) = 2 y 3 x + 1
2
3
56) y ( y + 1) = 2 z y + 1
2
3
z ( z + 1) = 2 x z + 1
57) 3 3x + 1 + 3 5 x + 3 2 x 9 3 4 x 3 = 0
Tng qut:
3

a 1 x + b1 + 3 a 2 x + b 2 + 3 a 3 x + b 3 = 3 ( a 1 + a 2 + a 3 ) x + b1 + b 2 + b 3

x 3 + y = 2
58)
y 3 + x = 2
x 6 k +3 + y = 2
( k N)
Tng qut:
y 6 k +3 + x = 2
59) x 2 x 1000 1 + 8000 x = 1000
60) x + 5 + x 1 = 6
61)Tm nghim dng ca phng trnh:

2x +

x 1
1
1
= 1 + 3 x
x
x
x
7

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

x + 4 x (1 x ) + 4 ( 1 x ) = 1 x + 4 x 3 + 4 x 2 ( 1 x )
2

62)

63) x 3 + 1

= 81x 27

x +1 3 x 1 = 6 x2 1
65) 2 x 2 3x + 2 = 3 x 3 + 8
y 3 9x 2 + 27 x 27 = 0
3
2
66) z 9 y + 27 y 27 = 0
3
2
x 9z + 27 z 27 = 0
64)

15
30 x 2 4x = 2004 30060 x + 1 + 1
2
68) 5x 2 + 14 x + 9 x 2 x 20 = 5 x + 1
y
30 2 + 4 y = 2004
x
z
69) 30 2 + 4z = 2004
y
x
30 2 + 4x = 2004
z
67)

x 2 + 15 = 3 .3 x 2 + x 2 + 8

70)

71) x 3 3 3x 2 3x +

3=0
y 3 6x 2 + 12 x 8 = 0
3
2
72) z 6 y + 12 y 8 = 0
3
2
x 6z + 12z 8 = 0
3x 2 x + 2002 3 3x 2 6x + 2003 3 5x 2004 = 3 2003
74) x 3 + 1 = 3 .3 3x 1
73)

75) x 2 4 x + 2 = x + 2
Bi tp tng t:
a) 20 x 2 + 52 x + 53 = 2 x 1
b) 18x 2 + 17 x 8 = 1 5x
c) 18 x 2 37 x + 5 = 14 x + 9

4x + 9
= 7x 2 + 7x
28

d)
7

76) 3 x + 332 x + 3128 = 316 x

+1

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

77)Cho 0 < a < c < d < b ; a + b = c + d
GPT:

x + a 2 + x + b2 = x + c2 + x + d2

78) x 2 4 x + 6 =

2x 2 5x + 3 + 3x 2 + 9x 5

2 x + x 2 y = y

2
79) 2 y + y z = z

2
2z + z x = x
80)

x 2 x + 19 + 7 x 2 + 8x + 13 + 13x 2 + 17 x + 7 = 3 3 ( x + 2)

81)

4 x 2 + 4x + 1 + x 2 + y 2 2 y 3 = 4 x 4 16 + 5 y

x 2 8x + 816 + x 2 + 10 x + 267 = 2003

1
1
1

3 x + = 4 y + = 5 z +
x
y
z
83)

xy + yz + xz =1

x 2 + 21 = y 1 + y 2
84)
y 2 + 21 = x 1 + x 2
82)

85) 1 x 2 = 4 x 3 3x
86) x 2 + x + 1 x 2 x 1 = m
Tm m phng trnh c nghim
87)Tm a phng trnh c nghim duy nht

2 + x + 4 x 8 + 2x x 2 = a
x + y + z = 0
2
2
2
88) x + y + z = 10
7
7
7
x + y + z = 350
x + 30.4 + y 2001 = 2121

89)

x 2001 + y + 30.4 = 2121

90) 3

) (

2 x 2 + 1 1 = x 1 + 3x + 8 2 x 2 + 1

91) 2 x 2 + 2 5 x 3 + 1 = 0

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

3
2
2
2
x + y + z = 2

92) xy + yz + xz =
4

xyz
=

8
x + x 2 y 2 9x
=

5
x x2 y2
93)
x 5 + 3x
y = 6( 5 y )

x 2 + x + 1 x 2 + 3x + 1 5
94)
+
=
x 2 + 2x + 1 x 2 + 4x + 1 6
25
1
1369
+
+
= 86 x 5 y 3 z 606
95)
x 5
y3
z 606
6
10
+
=4
2x
3 x

96)

x 2 7 x + 8 + 3 x 2 6x + 7 3 2x 2 13x 12 = 3
98) x 3 6 .3 6 x + 4 4 = 0
97)

99) x 2 3x + 1 =
100)

3
x4 + x2 +1
3

1+ x3 2
=
x2 + 2 5

10

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

HNG DN GII 100 BI PT & HPT
1) K: x 5
Chuyn v ri bnh phng:

(x

5x 2 + 14x + 9 = x 2 + 24x + 5 + 10.

(x

)
(x

4x 5 ( x + 4 )

2(x 2 4x 5) + 3 ( x + 4 ) = 5.

x 20 ( x + 1)

( x 5) ( x + 4 ) ( x + 1)

4x 2 10x + 4 = 10.
2x 2 5x + 2 = 5.

4x 5 ( x + 4 )

u= x 2 4x 5
....

v
=
x
+
4
)
(
( x + 3) x 4 3x 3 6x 2 + 18x 9 = 0

2) GPT : x 4 3x 3 6x 2 + 18x 9 = 0

x 4 3x 2 ( x 1) 9 ( x 1) = 0
2

t: x- 1 = y
3)

x 4 3x 2 y 9y 2 = 0

2x 2 = 3y 3y 5
K: x 0; x 5

t x+5 = y 0 x = ( y 5 )

PT y 4 10y3 + 39y 2 250y + 625 = 0

625
25
y 2 + 2 10 y + + 39 = 0
y
y

4) K: 2 x 4
4

p dng Cauchy:

p dng Bunhia:

(x 2) ( 4 x )

6x 3x = 2 27x 3 27 + x 3
4

x 2 + 4 4x

x x 2 y 2 = 2000y ( 1)

5)
2
2
y x y = 500x ( 2 )
Nu x = 0 y = 0 ( 0;0 ) l n o

( x 2) + ( 4 x )

11

=1

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

Nu x 0.Rt x 2 y 2 t (1) th vo (2) ta c:

y 0
2000y
y
=
500y

2
x
x = 4y
6)

27 x 10 5x 6 + 5 864 = 0

V x = 0 khng l nghim ca pt nn chia c 2 v cho x6 ta c pt:

5

32.27
=5
x6
2
1
x 4 + 6 = 5.5
27
x

27 x 4 +

2 x4 x4 x4
1
1
1
p dng CauChy: x + 6 =
+
+
+ 6 + 6 5.5
3
3
3 x
27
x
x
4

7)

x2 + x 1 + x2 + x + 1 = x2 x + 2
2
x + x 1 0
K:
x 2 + x + 1 0
p dng Cauchy:

x2 + x 1+1 x2 + x
x + x 1
=
2
2
2
x + x + 1 + 1 x2 + x + 2
2
x + x +1
=
2
2
2
2
x + x 1 + x + x +1 x +1
2
T PT x 2 x + 2 x + 1 ( x 1) 0
12 x 2 48x + 64 = y 3 (1)

2
3
8) 12 y 48 y + 64 = z ( 2 )
2
3
12z 48z + 64 = x ( 3)
2

G/s (x; y; z) l nghim ca h phng trnh trn th d thy ( y; z; x); (z; y; x)

cng l nghim ca h do c th gi s :
x = max{x; y; z}
T 12 x 2 48x + 64 =12 x 2 4 x + 4 + 16 16

y 16 y 2
Tng t x 2 ; z 2
Tr (1) cho (3): y3 x3 = 12(x2 z2) 48(x-z)
y3 x3 = 12(x z)(x+z-4)
VT 0; VT 0 . Du = xy ra x = y = z

12

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

x 19 + y 5 = 1890 z + z 2001
19
5
2001
9) y + z = 1890 x + x
19
5
2001
z + x = 1890 y + y

Ta i cm h trn c nghim duy nht x = y = z

Gi s (x,y,z) l nghim ca h ( x; y; z) cng l nghim ca h
khng mt tnh tng qut ta gi s t nht 2 trong 3 s x, y, z khng m. V
d: x 0; y 0 . T phng trnh ( 1) z 0 .
Cng tng v phng trnh ta c:
z 2001 + 1890z + x 2001 + 1890x + y 2001 + 1890z = z19 + z 5 + x19 + x 5 + y19 + y5 .

) (

) (

) (

) (

Ta c: 0 < t 1 t + 1890t t + t
t 2000 + 1890 t18 + t 4 (ng)
t > 1 t 2001 + 1890t > t19 + t 5
2001
2000
2t1000
Tht vy: t + 1890 > 1 + t
2001

19

c si

> t18 + t 4 (pcm)

Vy x = y = z

Bi 10: + Nu x < 0 t ( 3) 2z + 1 < 0 z <

1
1
1
y<
x<
2
2
2

Cng 3 phng trnh vi nhau:

2
2
2
( x + 1) ( x 1) + ( y + 1) ( y 1) + ( z + 1) ( z 1) = 0 (*)
1
1
1
Vi x < ; y < ;z < ( *) v nghim
2
2
2
x > 0; y > 0;z > 0
Gi ( x; y;z ) l nghim ca h phng trnh, khng mt tnh tng qut ta gi s:
x = max { x;y;z}

Tr (1) cho (3) ta c:

2 ( x z ) = ( y x ) x 2 + y 2 + xy + x + y + 1

VT 0
du " = " x = y = z ....

VP 0

)(

2
2
2
Bi 11: PT x + 17x 630 x + 83x 630 = 2001x .
Do x = 0 khng phi l nghim ca phng trnh chia 2 v phng trnh cho x 2
630
630

Ta c: x + 17
x + 83
= 2001
x
x

630
=t
t: x
x

Bi 12: t/d: pt: ( x + a ) + ( x + b ) = c

4

t: y = x +

a+b
2
13

) (

Tuyn chn 100 bi phng trnh, h pt hay & kh lp 10

Bi 13: k: 0 < x 1
1 x
2x 1
PT
= 1+
(*)
x
1+ x2
1
+ x = l nghim pt (*)
2
VP > 1
1
+ < x 1 :
2
VT < 1
1 VT>1
+ 0<x< :
2 VP<1

14