Srï Krsna-samhifa

Siïla llaliivinoda Tlaluia

Infroducfion
caítanyatmanc bnagavatc naman
Tlcic aic iwo iypcs ol liiciaiuics-ilosc wlicl bcsiow artna, oi maiciial icsulis,
and ilosc wlicl bcsiow paramartna, oi spiiiiual icsulis. Gcogiaply, lisioiy,
asiiology, plysics, psyclology, ayuivcda, miciobiology, mailcmaiics, languagc,
pociiy, music, logic, yoga, icligion, law, aicliicciuic, and wcaponiy aic all
includcd in ilc liisi caicgoiy. Lvciy bool aims ai icvcaling a paiiiculai subjcci-
ilai is iis artna, oi icsuli. Wlcn all icsulis complimcni cacl oilci and uliimaicly
yicld ilc supicmc icsuli, in ilc loim ol ilc soul's uliimaic dcsiinaiion, ilai is
callcd paramartna. Tlc liiciaiuics ilai discuss ilc aiiainmcni ol ilis supicmc
icsuli aic callcd paiamaiilic sastra, oi spiiiiual liiciaiuics.
Many spiiiiual liiciaiuics lavc bccn compilcd in India and abioad. In India many
sagcs liom iimc immcmoiial lavc compilcd vaiious spiiiiual liiciaiuics alici duly
considciing ilc spiiiiual iopics. Among ilcm, Srimaá Pnagavatam is ilc iopmosi.
Tlis bool consisis ol 1S,000 vciscs. In ilis bool, ilc icn piincipal subjcci maiicis
ol ilis woild1 lavc bccn discusscd in somc placcs as diicci insiiuciions and
clscwlcic as lisioiy. Among ilcsc icn subjccis, ilc lasi, asraya, is ilc paramartna-
tattva, oi spiiiiual subjcci. Tlc asraya-tattva, oi summum bonum, is vciy
conlidcniial and unlimiicd. Alilougl asraya-tattva is sponicncously manilcsicd io
ilc living cniiiics, in pcoplc's picscni condiiional siaic ilai iiansccndcnial subjcci
is vciy dilliculi io compiclcnd. Tlai is wly ilc compilci ol Srimaá Pnagavatam
was compcllcd io compassionaicly and clcaily discuss ilc oilci ninc iiuils2.
Sucl a maicllcss bool las noi bccn piopcily cxplaincd iill now. Tlc pcoplc ol
India and oilci couniiics can bc dividcd inio iwo caicgoiics-ilc asslilc and ilc
swanlilc. Among ilcsc iwo, ilc asslilc aic in ilc majoiiiy. Tlc swanlilc aic in ilc
minoiiiy. Swanlilc pcoplc absiiaci ilc puipoii ol ilc sciipiuics loi ilcii own
advanccmcni and ilus bcnclii ilcmsclvcs. Tlai is wly ilc ical puipoii ol Srimaá
Pnagavatam las noi yci bccn clcaily icvcalcd. I lad a gicai dcsiic io iianslaic
Srimaá Pnagavatam in ilis piopci swanlilc way, bui I lavc no iimc io iianslaic
ilis lugc woil. Ioi ilis icason I am now cxiiaciing ilc main puipoii ol ilis gicai
liiciaiuic and picscniing ii in ilc loim ol ilis Sri Krsna-samníta. As I was noi
saiislicd alici wiiiing ilc vciscs ol ilis bool, I iianslaicd ilcm inio lcngali. I lopc
lcaincd pcoplc will always sciuiinizingly discuss ilis bool in oidci io ascciiain ilc
spiiiiual subjcci maiicis.
Lvciyonc las ilc iigli io discuss spiiiiual iopics. Yci pcoplc aic dividcd inio ilicc
caicgoiics accoiding io ilcii qualilicaiions3. Tlosc wlo do noi posscss
indcpcndcni powci ol disciiminaiion aic in ilc liisi caicgoiy and aic callcd
ncoplyics, oi ilosc wiil soli laiil. Tlcy lavc no alicinaiivc io laiil. Il ilcy do noi
acccpi wlaicvci ilc compilcis ol ilc sciipiuics wiiic as ilc oidci ol ilc Loid, ilcn
ilcy lall down. Tlcy aic qualilicd only loi undcisianding ilc gioss mcanings ol
ilc scicncc ol Kisna; ilcy lavc no qualilicaiion loi undcisianding ilc subilc
mcanings. Uniil ilcy giadually advancc by good associaiion and insiiuciion, ilcy
slould iiy io advancc undci ilc slclici ol laiil. Tlosc wlo lavc noi yci succccdcd
in conncciing laiil wiil aigumcni aic sccond giadc, oi maányama-aáníhari. And
ilosc wlo aic cxpcii in conncciing ilcsc iwo aic pcilcci in all icspccis. Tlcy aic
ablc io aiiain pcilcciion by uiilizing maiciial icsouiccs in ilcii indcpcndcni
cndcavois. Tlcy aic callcd iopmosi, oi uttama-aáníhari. Among ilcsc ilicc, ii is
ncccssaiy io ascciiain wlo is ilc piopci candidaic loi siudying ilis bool. Tlc
ncoplyics aic noi qualilicd, bui ilcy can giadually bccomc qualilicd by aiiaining a
liglci siagc iliougl good loiiunc. Tlc cxpcii iopmosi pcisons lavc no diicci
nccd loi ilis bool oilci ilan io siicngilcn ilcii own conclusions. Siill, ilcy
slould discuss ilis bool wiil duc icspcci in oidci io bcnclii ilc maányama-
aáníharis. Tlcicloic ii is ilc maányama-aáníharis wlo aic ilc piopci candidaics
loi siudying ilis bool. All ilc abovc-mcniioncd ilicc caicgoiics ol pcoplc aic
qualilicd io siudy Srimaá Pnagavatam, yci mosi ol ilc commcniaiics on ilis
maicllcss bool aic composcd loi ilc bcnclii ol ilc ncoplyics. Tlc commcniaiois
wcic all swanlilc pcisons, and ilcy lavc cxlibiicd moic compassion iowaids ilc
ncoplyics ilan iowaids ilc maányamas. Wlcncvci ilcy discuss jnana, ilcy aic
iclciiing io branma-jnana, oi ilc impcisonal undcisianding ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil.
Tlcicloic modcin spcculaiois aic noi bcncliicd. Nowadays many pcoplc ol oui
couniiy discuss loicign liiciaiuic and scicncc wiil a dcsiic io sciuiinizc iis
signilicancc. Tlcy quiclly bccomc laiillcss alici obsciving ilc indiicci
picscniaiions+ by ilc wiiicis ol ilc sciipiuic and ilc sciipiuial commcniaiics ilai
aic appiopiiaic loi ilc abovc-mcniioncd ncoplyics. Tlcy ilcn ciilci adopi a
dillcicni icligion oi bccomc lamous by iniioducing a ncw onc. Tlc dangci wiil
ilis is ilai sucl pcoplc usclcssly wasic ilcii iimc invcniing a ncw lcvcl ol
undcisianding wlilc lcaving asidc ilc picvious manajanas pcilcci pail, wlicl
auiomaiically uplilis onc liom a lowci qualilicaiion io a liglci onc. Il ilcic wcic
somc liiciaiuics appiopiiaic loi ilc maányama-aáníharis io discuss, ilcn no
anartnas, oi unwanicd ilings, in ilc loim ol sub-icligion, clcaiing icligion, oi
iiicligion would lavc cnicicd India. Tlc piincipal puiposc ol ilis bool is io lullill
ilc abovc-mcniioncd icquiicmcni. Aciually ilis bool will diiccily and indiiccily
bcnclii all ilicc iypcs ol pcisons-ilc uttama, maányama, and hanístna. Tlcicloic
ilcy slould all icspcci ilis bool.
Scciaiianism is a naiuial bypioduci ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Wlcn acaryas liisi
ascciiain and insiiuci ilc Tiuil, ii is noi polluicd wiil scciaiianism. lui ilc iulcs
and icgulaiions icccivcd iliougl disciplic succcssion icgaiding ilc goal and ilc
mcilod ol aclicving ii aic clangcd in duc couisc ol iimc accoiding io ilc
mcnialiiy and localc ol ilc pcoplc5. A iulc ilai is lollowcd by onc sociciy is noi
ncccssaiily acccpicd in anoilci sociciy. Tlai is wly onc communiiy is dillcicni
liom anoilci. As a communiiy giadually dcvclops moic icspcci loi iis own
siandaids, ii dcvclops laiicd iowaids oilci communiiics and considcis ilcii
siandaids inlciioi. Tlcsc scciaiian sympioms aic sccn in all couniiics sincc iimc
immcmoiial. Tlis is piomincni amongsi ncoplyics and lound io somc cxicni
amongsi maányama-aáníharis. Amongsi uttama-aáníharis, lowcvci, ilcic is no
iiacc ol scciaiianism. Adlcicncc io a paiiiculai siandaid is ilc piomincni
sympiom ol a sociciy. Tlcic aic ilicc iypcs ol siandaids-aIocahagata,
aIocanagata, and aIocyagata. AIocahagata is wlcn scciaiianisis acccpi somc
cxicinal signs. Lxamplcs ol aIocahagata aic tíIaha, ncclbcads, sallion iobcs, as wcll
as ilc bapiism piaciiccd abioad. Tlc dillcicni aciiviiics piaciiccd in ilc pioccss ol
woislip aic callcd aIocanagata. Lxamplcs ol aIocanagata aic saciiliccs, ausiciiiics,
liic saciiliccs, vows, siudying sciipiuics, dciiy woislip, consiiuciing icmplcs,
icspcciing ilc puiiiy ol vaiious iiccs and iivcis, dicssing lilc sannyasis, aciing lilc
acaryas, dicssing lilc branmacaris oi grnastnas, closing onc's cycs, icspcciing
paiiiculai iypcs ol bools, iulcs and icgulaiions in caiing, and icspcciing ilc puiiiy
ol paiiiculai iimcs and placcs. Tlc cxamplcs ol aIocyagata aic aiiiibuiing
pcisonalism oi impcisonalism on ilc Supicmc Loid, insialling dciiics, cxlibiiing
ilc mood ol an incainaiion ol ilc Loid, spcculaiing on lcavcn and lcll, and
dcsciibing ilc luiuic dcsiinaiion ol ilc soul. Tlc dillcicni loims ol ilcsc spiiiiual
aciiviiics cicaic divisions ol scciaiianism. Dillcicnccs ilai aiisc liom placcs, iimcs,
languagcs, bclaviois, loods, dicsscs, and naiuics ol vaiious communiiics aic
incoipoiaicd wiilin ilcii spiiiiual piaciiccs and giadually malc onc communiiy
so complcicly dillcicni liom anoilci communiiy ilai cvcn ilc considciaiion ilai
cvciyonc is a luman bcing may ccasc io cxisi. Duc io ilcsc dillcicnccs ilcic is
disagiccmcni, ccssaiion ol social inicicouisc, and ligliing, cvcn up io ilc poini ol
lilling onc anoilci. Wlcn an asslilc mcnialiiy bccomcs piomincni wiilin ilc
hanístna-aáníharis, ilcn ilcy cciiainly indulgc in ilcsc ilings. lui il ilcy dcvclop
a swanlilc mcnialiiy, ilcn ilcy do noi ialc paii in quaiicls, iailci, ilcy cndcavoi
io aiiain a liglci lcvcl. Maányama-aáníharis do noi quaiicl so mucl aboui
cxicinal siandaids, bui ilcy aic always aiiaclcd by plilosoplical disagiccmcnis.
Somciimcs ilcy condcmn ilc siandaids ol ncoplyics and csiablisl ilcii own
siandaids as supciioi. Tlcy condcmn ilc ncoplyics' dciiy woislip in oidci io
csiablisl ilc woislipablc Loid as loimlcss6. In sucl cascs, ilcy aic also
considcicd asslilc pcoplc. Oilciwisc, il ilcy lad a swanlilc mcnialiiy and a dcsiic
io aiiain a liglci lcvcl, ilcy would icspcci oilcis' piaciiccs and inquiic aboui
liglci iopics. Coniiadiciions aciually aiisc only duc io asslilc mcnialiiy. Swanlilc
pcisons considci ilc ncccssiiy loi dillcicni piaciiccs accoiding io onc's
qualilicaiion, so ilcy naiuially bccomc dciaclcd liom scciaiian quaiicls7. In ilis
icgaid, ii slould bc lnown ilai boil asslilc and swanlilc pcoplc aic lound
amongsi ilc hanístna-aáníharis and maányama-aáníharis. I do noi cxpcci ilai
asslilc pcoplc will acccpi ilis bool wiil icspcci. Il ncoplyics and maányama-
aáníharis bccomc complcicly indillcicni in icgaid io ilc coniiadiciions lound in
vaiious piaciiccs and iiy io advancc luiilci, ilcn ilcy bccomc swanlilc pcisons.
Tlcn ilcy aic oui icspcciablc and dcai liicnds. Alilougl swanlilc pcisonaliiics
may acccpi a paiiiculai piaciicc liom biiil oi clildlood accoiding io insiiuciions
ilcy lavc icccivcd, ilcy ncvciilclcss icmain indillcicni and nonscciaiian.
Tlc icligious piinciplcs ilai will bc cxplaincd and csiablislcd in ilis bool aic vciy
dilliculi io namc. Il ilcsc piinciplcs aic givcn a paiiiculai scciaiian namc, ilcn
oilci sccis will opposc ilcm. Srimaá Pnagavatam las ilcicloic csiablislcd
sanatana-ánarma as satvata-ánarma, oi icligious piinciplcs iclaicd wiil ilc
Absoluic TiuilS. Anoilci namc loi ilcsc icligious piinciplcs is Vaisnava-dlaima.
Asslilc Vaisnavas lall inio ilc caicgoiics ol Salias (lollowcis ol Duiga), Sauias
(lollowcis ol ilc sun-god), Ganapaiyas (lollowcis ol Gancsa), Saiviics (lollowcis ol
Siva), and Vaisnavas (lollowcis ol Visnu). lui swanlilc Vaisnavas aic nonscciaiian
and, ilcicloic, iaic. Tlcsc livc iypcs ol abovc- mcniioncd spiiiiualisis, as lound in
India, aic namcd accoiding io ilcii icspcciivc qualilicaiions. Human bcings lavc
iwo iypcs ol icndcncics-aiilic, oi maiciial, and paiamaiilic, oi spiiiiual.
Maiciial icndcncics includc mainiaining ilc body, consiiuciing a lousc, maiiying,
bcgciiing clildicn, siudying, caining wcalil, maiciial scicncc, lacioiy woil,
acquiiing and mainiaining asscis, and accumulaiing piciy. Alilougl ilcic aic
somc similaiiiics bciwccn ilc aciiviiics ol lumans and animals, ilc maiciial
cndcavois ol lumans aic ncvciilclcss supciioi io ilc naiuial icndcncics ol
animals. Il alici cxccuiing ilcii maiciial aciiviiics luman bcings do noi ialc
slclici ol ilcii consiiiuiional aciiviiics, ilcn ilcy aic callcd iwo-lcggcd animals.
Tlc consiiiuiional aciiviiics ol a puic soul aic callcd onc's sva-ánarma, oi
picsciibcd aciiviiics. Tlc sva-ánarma ol a living cniiiy is piomincnily manilcsicd
in lis puic siaic ol cxisicncc. In ilc puic siaic ol cxisicncc ilis sva-ánarma is
picscni in ilc loim ol spiiiiual aciiviiics. All ilc abovc-mcniioncd maiciial
icndcncics bccomc succcsslul wlcn dovciailcd wiil spiiiiual aciiviiics, oilciwisc
ilcy cannoi indcpcndcnily lclp onc aiiain ilc liglcsi goal9. Iiom cngagcmcni in
maiciial aciiviiics up io ilc awalcning ol spiiiiual aciiviiics is callcd ilc
picliminaiy siagc ol God consciousncss. Iiom ilis picliminaiy siagc up io ilc
uttama-aáníhari siagc ilcic aic innumciablc lcvcls10. Inquiiing aboui ilc iiuil ol
ilc maiciial woild is callcd Salia-dlaima, bccausc ilc picdominaiing dciiy ol ilc
maiciial woild is goddcss Duiga. All bclavioi and piaciicc insiiucicd in Salia-
dlaima is lclplul only in ilc picliminaiy siagc. Sucl bclavioi and piaciicc is
mcani io biing onc closci io spiiiiual lilc, and maiciialisiic pcoplc may bc aiiiacicd
by ilis only uniil ilcy bcgin io inquiic aboui ilc Supicmc Absoluic Tiuil. Salia-
dlaima is ilc living cniiiics' iniiial spiiiiual cndcavoi, and ii is cxiicmcly csscniial
loi pcoplc ol ilai lcvcl. Wlcn ilc picliminaiy siagc is luiilci siicngilcncd, onc
aiiains ilc ncxi lcvcl. Onc ilcn considcis ilc cncigy ol woil and ilc supciioiiiy ol
lcai ovci dull maiici, and lc ilcicloic acccpis ilc sun-god, wlo is ilc souicc ol
lcai, as lis woislipablc dciiy. Ai ilai iimc, Sauia-dlaima is awalcncd. Laici,
wlcn onc considcis cvcn lcai as dull maiici and animal consciousncss as supciioi,
ilcn ilc iliid siagc, Ganapaiya-dlaima, is aiiaincd. In ilc louiil gioss siagc, Loid
Siva is woislipcd as ilc puic consciousncss ol ilc living cniiiics, and Saiva-
dlaima manilcsis. In ilc lilil siagc, ilc consciousncss ol ilc living cniiiy
woislips ilc supicmc consciousncss, and ilus Vaisnava-dlaima is manilcsi.
Gcncially ilcic aic livc iypcs ol paiamaiilic ánarmas, oi spiiiiual duiics, ilai lavc
bccn lnown by dillcicni namcs in dillcicni couniiics ai dillcicni iimcs. Il onc
considcis all ilc dillcicni ánarmas ilai aic cuiicni in India and abioad, onc can
scc ilai ilcy cciiainly lall wiilin ilcsc livc caicgoiics. Tlc icligious piinciplcs
iaugli by Molammcd and Jcsus Cliisi aic similai io ilc icligious piinciplcs
iaugli by Vaisnava sccis. luddlism and Jainism aic similai io Saiva-dlaima. Tlis
is a scicniilic considciaiion ol iiuils icgaiding icligious piinciplcs. Tlosc wlo
considci ilcii own icligious piinciplcs as ical ánarma and oilcis' icligious
piinciplcs as iiicligion oi subicligion aic unablc io ascciiain ilc iiuil duc io bcing
inllucnccd by picjudicc. Aciually, icligious piinciplcs lollowcd by pcoplc in
gcncial aic dillcicni only duc io ilc dillcicni qualilicaiions ol ilc piaciiiioncis,
bui ilc consiiiuiional icligious piinciplcs ol all living cniiiics aic onc. Ii is noi
piopci loi swanlilc pcisons io icjcci ilc icligious piinciplcs ilai pcoplc in gcncial
lollow accoiding io ilcii siiuaiion. Tlcicloic, wiil duc icspcci io ilc icligious
piinciplcs lollowcd by pcoplc in gcncial, wc will now discuss ilc living cniiiics'
consiiiuiional icligious piinciplcs.
Satvata-ánarma, oi nonscciaiian Vaisnava-dlaima, is ilc living cniiiics'
consiiiuiional, oi cicinal, icligious piinciplcs11. lui ilc Vaisnava-dlaima ilai is
lound in ilc Mayavada-sampiadaya is only an indiicci imiiaiion ol ilosc
piinciplcs. Wlcn sucl scciaiian Vaisnava-dlaima bccomcs iiansccndcnial, ilai is,
wlcn ii is liccd liom impcisonalism, ilcn ii bccomcs Satvata-ánarma, oi icligious
piinciplcs iclaicd wiil ilc Supicmc Tiuil. Tlc dillcicni sampraáayas, namcly
ávaíta (dualism), ávaítaávaíta (simuliancous oncncss and dillcicncc), suáánaávaíta
(puiilicd oncncss), and vísístaávaíta (spccilic monism) ilai aic lound in satvata-
ánarma aic noiling bui wondcilul vaiiciics ol scniimcnis wiilin ilc Vaisnava
scicncc. Aciually ilc vaiious sampraáayas aic noi ilc icsuli ol dillcicnccs in ilc
basic iiuil. Impcisonalism is diamciiically opposiic io ilc scicncc ol bnahtí. Tlosc
Vaisnavas wlo lavc acccpicd impcisonalism aic noi puic Vaisnavas.
Ii is oui duiy io considci wlcn and low Vaisnava-dlaima las manilcsi in ilis
couniiy ¦India]. lcloic wc considci ilis subjcci, lowcvci, ilcic aic many oilci
subjccis ilai lavc io bc icsolvcd. Tlcicloic wc will liisi icsolvc ilc daics,
accoiding io modcin considciaiions, ol ilc main cvcnis ol India. Laici wc will
ascciiain ilc daics ol ilc csiccmcd sciipiuics. As soon as ilc daics ol ilc
sciipiuics aic ascciiaincd, ilcn I will cxplain, accoiding io modcin opinion, ilc
lisioiy ol Vaisnava-dlaima ilai is cxplaincd in ilosc sciipiuics. Alilougl wc
ouisclvcs considci ilc daics ol ilc sciipiuics accoiding io ancicni mcilods, I will
now lollow conicmpoiaiy mcilods loi ilc bcnclii ol modcin pcoplc.
Tlc vciy ancicni lisioiy ol India is covcicd by ilc dcnsc dailncss ol loigcilulncss,
bccausc ilcic is no piopci scqucncc in iis ancicni lisioiy. I will csiablisl wiil a bii
ol conjcciuic wlaicvci I can on ilc inloimaiion I lavc acquiicd iliougl ilc loui
Vcáas, ilc Pamayana, ilc Manabnarata, and ilc Puranas. In ilc bcginning, ilc
Ãiyans livcd in a small couniiy namcd lialmavaiia, wlicl was siiuaicd bciwccn
ilc iwo iivcis-Saiasvaiï and Disadvaiï. Tlc picscni namc ol Disadvaiï is
Kagaia12. ly discussing ilc mcaning ol ilc namc lialmavaiia` ii is assumcd ilai
ilc Ãiyans camc liom anoilci couniiy io icsidc ilcicin. Wc cannoi ascciiain
cxacily wlcic ilcy camc liom, bui ii is bclicvcd ilai ilcy camc liom somc
noiilwcsi couniiy13. Wlcn ilcy camc, ilcy wcic iclaiivcly civilizcd accoiding io
ilc iimc. Tlcic is no doubi aboui ilis. lcing pioud ol ilcii own civilizaiion, ilcy
uscd io disicgaid ilc local naiivcs. Ii is said ilai wlcn ilc Ãiyans disicgaidcd ilc
local naiivcs, ilc naiivcs' ling, Rudiadcva, slowcd ilc Ãiyans lis piowcss by
acccpiing in maiiiagc ilc land ol Saiï, ilc dauglici ol Piajapaii Dalsa, ilus
maling an alliancc wiil Dalsa. Ncvciilclcss ilc Ãiyans wcic so pioud ilai alici
ilc maiiiagc ol Saiï, ilcy did noi icspcci lci oi lci lusband. Tlai is wly Saiï
laicd lciscll and gavc up lci body in Dalsa's saciilicial aicna and ilcicalici Siva
wiil lis lollowcis bcgan io lcavily ioiiuic ilc Ãiyans. Tlc branmanas wcic laici
loiccd io malc an alliancc wiil Siva by allowing lim a slaic in ilc saciilicc. Siill,
in oidci io mainiain ilcii supciioiiiy, ilc Ãiyans placcd Siva's scai in ilc
noiilcasicin coinci ol ilc saciilicial aicna. Tlcic is no doubi ilai Dalsa's liic
saciilicc iool placc soon alici ilc Ãiyans csiablislcd lialmavaiia, bccausc ilc icn
pcisonaliiics lcadcd by Dalsa aic dcsciibcd as ilc oiiginal Piajapaiis. Tlc wilc ol
Piajapaii Dalsa was namcd Piasuii. Slc was ilc dauglici ol Svayambluva Manu,
ilc son ol lialma. Svayambluva Manu and ilc Piajapaiis wcic ilc oiiginal
inlabiianis ol lialmavaiia. Anoilci son ol lialma was Maiïci, wlosc son was
Kasyapa. Tlc son ol Kasyapa was Vivasvan, wlosc son was Vaivasvaia Manu. Tlc
son ol Vaivasvaia Manu was Ilsvalu. Iiom ilis wc musi concludc ilai ilc Suiya
dynasiy bcgan wiil ilc sixil gcnciaiion liom lialma. Ai ilc iimc ol Malaiaja
Ilsvalu, ilc Ãiyans wcic living in a placc callcd lialmaisi. Accoiding io modcin
calculaiion ilc abovc-mcniioncd six gcnciaiions cnjoycd ilcii lingdom loi iwo
lundicd ycais. lccausc lialmavaiia was ioo small ii was cxpandcd wiilin ilis
iwo lundicd ycais and callcd lialmaisi. Tlc Ãiyans wcic vciy cagci io cxpand
ilcii dynasiy, and ilcy lad so many clildicn ilai lialmavaiia bccamc ioo
congcsicd io suii ilcii nccds. Modcin sclolais say ilai somc civilizcd pcisonaliiics
lilc Candia wcic inducicd inio ilc Ãiyan iacc ai ilai iimc. Accoiding io ilcii
calculaiion, in ilosc iwo lundicd ycais ilcic wcic cigli Manus, bcginning liom
Svayambluva Manu up io Vaivasvaia Manu. Jusi alici Svayambluva Manu, ilc son
ol Agni namcd Svaiocisa Manu appcaicd. Tlc giandson ol Svayambluva Manu
was Uiiama Manu. Hc lad onc bioilci namcd Tamasa Manu and anoilci bioilci
namcd Raivaia Manu. In ilc scvcnil gcnciaiion liom Svayambluva Manu was
Calsusa Manu. Vaivasvaia Manu was ilc lilil gcnciaiion liom lialma. Savaini
Manu was ilc sicpbioilci ol Vaivasvaia. Tlcicloic all ilc Manus wound up ilcii
aciiviiics bcloic ilc iimc ol Ilsvalu; ilcic is no doubi aboui ilis. Dalsa-savaini,
lialma-savaini, Dlaima-savaini, Rudia-savaini, Dcva-savaini, and India-savaini
cxisicd only in ilc imaginaiion ol modcin pcoplc. Il ilcy wcic lisioiical, ilcn ii is
io bc undcisiood ilai ilcy livcd in dillcicni paiis ol India wiilin ilosc iwo
lundicd ycais. Ii is also siaicd ilai ilc cluining ol ilc occan iool placc duiing
ilc iimc ol Calsusa Manu. Vamana appcaicd duiing ilc iimc ol Vaivasvaia Manu.
Alici lali Malaiaja's saciilicc, all ilc dcmons wcic diivcn away by iiiclciy. Tlc
lings ol ilc Manu dynasiy lad ilcii capiials ouisidc lialmavaiia, bui in ilc
bcginning ilcy wcic noi cxpcii in managing ilcii lingdom, cducaiion, oi lamily
lilc. Dlanvaniaii appcaicd duiing ilc cluining ol ilc occan. Tlc Asvinï-lumaias
also appcaicd ai ilai iimc. Tlc poison wlicl cmanaicd duiing ilc cluining ol ilc
occan was climinaicd by Siva ol ilc Rudia dynasiy. ly discussing all ilcsc iopics
wc can undcisiand ilai in ilosc days ilc culiuic ol mcdicinc in piogicss. Ii is also
sccn ilai ai ilis iimc ilc dcmon Ralu was cui in iwo, and ilus Ralu and Kciu
wcic loimcd. Wc can undcisiand liom ilis ilai ilc scicncc ol asiiology was bcing
discusscd ai ilai iimc. Ii is noi bclicvcd, lowcvci, ilai ilcic was a wiiiicn
languagc duiing ilis iimc. And sincc ilcic is no wiiiicn inloimaiion aboui ilai
pciiod, ii appcais ilai ii lasicd loi a vasi duiaiion ol iimc. In laci, mucl laici,
wlcn calculaiion ol iimc bcgan, ii was said ilai cacl Manu cnjoycd a iulc ol
scvcniy mana-yugas. Among ilc lings, wlocvci laid down laws was callcd a Manu
and was icspccicd by all. Tlcic wcic iwo icasons wly so many Manus appcaicd in
sucl a sloii span ol iimc. Tlc liisi icason is ilai ilcic was no wiiiicn languagc oi
bools, so lnowlcdgc was iiansmiiicd by srutí, oi lcaiing. Tlc oilci ncccssaiy
srutís ilai wcic addcd io ilc oiiginal srutí wcic ilcn asciibcd io ilc icigns ol ilc
many dillcicni Manus. Tlc sccond icason is ilai duc io an incicasc ol populaiion,
ilc dwclling aicas ol ilc Ãiyans spicad and dividcd inio vaiious aicas wiil
dillcicni lings iuling. Tlus ilcic wcic many lawmalcis, oi Manus. Tlis is ilc
way modcin sclolais lavc dcsciibcd ilc dillcicni duiaiions ol Manus. Swanlilc
pcoplc icspcci wlaicvci subsiancc may bc dciivcd liom ilcsc iopics, bui
iiansccndcnial cxplaniions aic olicn lclplul loi asslilc pcoplc1+.
Tlcsc cxplanaiions ol iiansccndcnial claiaciciisiics and divisions ol iimc wcic
acccpicd in oidci io gcnciaic liim laiil in sucl pcoplcs' minds. Tlc gicai sagcs
acccpi ilc cxisicncc ol dillcicni Manus in oidci io bcnclii ncoplyics and clccl
ilc laniasics cicaicd ai vaiious iimcs and placcs. Wc will ncvci say ilai lisioiy and
ilc pioccss ol calculaiing iimc accoiding io ilc sciipiuics is lalsc oi imaginaiy.
Modcin sclolais lavc siaicd ilai ilc namcs ol ilc lings liom Ilsvalu's iimc aic
availablc. Tlc namcs ol ilc lings in ilc Suiya dynasiy can bc acccpicd wiil a gicai
dcal ol cciiainiy. Iiom Ilsvalu io Ramacandia ilcic wcic 63 gcnciaiions. Il wc
considci ilai cacl ling iulcd ilc lingdom loi 25 ycais, ilcn ilc iimc liom
Ilsvalu io Ramacandia comcs io 1,575 ycais. In ilc ninciy-louiil gcnciaiion ol
ilai dynasiy, King liladbala was lillcd by Ablimanyu in ilc laiilc ol Kuiulsciia.
Tlc laiilc ol Kuiulsciia iool placc 2,350 ycais alici ilc iulc ol Ilsvalu. Tlc
duiaiion ol all Manvaniaias iogcilci comcs io 200 ycais. Tlcicloic wc will lavc io
acccpi ilai ilc csiablislmcni ol lialmavaiia iool placc 2,550 ycais piioi io ilc
laiilc ol Kuiulsciia.
Tlc duiaiion ol ilc Candia dynasiy ling's iulc is noi vciy clcai. Iiom Ila, wlo
was a conicmpoiaiy ol Ilsvalu, iliougl Puiuiava and up io Yudlisiliia, 50
gcnciaiions aic dcsciibcd. Ii is ilcicloic dilliculi io acccpi ilai Siï Ramacandia
appcaicd in ilc sixiy-iliid gcnciaiion liom Ilsvalu, yci long bcloic Yudlisiliia, il
ilcic wcic only 50 gcnciaiions liom Ila io Yudlisiliia. Valmïli was a vciy ancicni
rsí. Tlcicloic lis calculaiions musi bc moic accuiaic ilan ilc calculaiions ol ilc
modcin rsís. Tlc lings ol ilc Suiya dynasiy wcic vciy powcilul, so ilcii lamily
piicsis wioic down ilc duiaiion ol ilcii vaiious lings' iulcs. Tlcic is no doubi
aboui ilis. Railci, ilcic is a misialc on ilc oiigin ol ilc Candia dynasiy. Pcilaps
alici ilc lings ol ilc Suiya dynasiy iulcd ilcii lingdom loi a long pciiod, King
Yayaii bccamc vciy powcilul. lcing unablc io cnici ilc Suiya dynasiy, Yayaii
dccidcd io linl lis dynasiy wiil ilc dynasiy ol Puiuiava Nalusa. Yci cvcn alici
doing ilis, lc and many oilcis liom lis dynasiy wcic unablc io csiablisl a
iclaiionslip wiil ilc Suiya dynasiy. King Romapada15, ilc liicnd ol Dasaiaila,
appcaicd in ilc louiiccnil gcnciaiion liom Puiuiava, in ilc dynasiy ol Anu, ilc
son ol Yayaii. Kaiiavïiyaijuna was boin in ilc sixiccnil gcnciaiion liom Puiuiava,
in ilc dynasiy ol Yadu. Hc was ilc cncmy ol Paiasuiama. Iiom ilis ii is
undcisiood ilai King Yayaii iulcd lis lingdom aboui iliiiccn oi louiiccn
gcnciaiions bcloic Ramacandia. Tlai was ilc bcginning ol ilc Candia dynasiy.
Tlai is wly ilcy calculaic ilcii iimc in iclaiionslip wiil ilc Suiya dynasiy.
In ilc bcginning, ilc lings ol ilc Suiya dynasiy livcd on ilc banl ol ilc Yamuna
ai ilc placc lnown as lialmaisi. Tlc icnil ling ol ilc Suiya dynasiy, namcd
Siavania, cicaicd Siavaniïpuiï. Ii is siaicd in ilc Pamayana ilai ilc ciiy ol
Ayodlya was csiablislcd by Manu. Ncvciilclcss many pcoplc lccl ilai Vaivasvaia
Manu livcd ncai ilc Yamuna and lis son, Ilsvalu, csiablislcd Ayodlya and ilcn
icsidcd ilcicin. Ii is wiiiicn ilai Ilsvalu's sons livcd in Ãiyavaiia. Vaisalïpuiï was
cicaicd by King Visala, wlo was in ilc iwcniy-lilil gcnciaiion liom Vaivasvaia.
Tlc ciiy ol Siavanii is siiuaicd aboui 60 milcs noiil ol Ayodlya, ilc capiial ol
Kosala. Tlc picscni namc ol ilis placc is Salci Malci. Tlc ciiy ol Vaisalï is
siiuaicd aboui 2S milcs noiil ol Paina. Iiom ilis ii is undcisiood ilai ilc lings ol
ilc Suiya dynasiy powcilully iulcd ilcii lingdom liom ilc Yamuna io ilc Kausilï
Rivci, on ilc wcsicin sidc ol ilc Gangcs. Giadually, wlcn ilc lings ol ilc Candia
dynasiy bccamc powcilul, ilc lings ol ilc Suiya dynasiy bccamc wcalcncd. Ii is
also said ilai up io ilc iimc ol Mandlaia ilc Ãiyans ol ilc Suiya dynasiy uscd io
call Miilila and ilc ncaiby aica aiound ilc Gangcs as Ãiyavaiia. lui ai ilc iimc ol
llagïiaila, wlo camc jusi alici King Sagaia, ilc disiiicis adjoining ilc Gangcs up
io ilc occan wcic considcicd Ãiyavaiia. Picvious io ilis ii was concludcd in ilc
sciipiuics ilai il an Ãiyan dicd ouisidc ol Ãiyavaiia lc would go io lcll. Ai ilai
iimc Ãiyavaiia cxicndcd only bciwccn ilc Himalayas and ilc Vindlyas16. Tlc
dcsccndcnis ol King Sagaia gavc up ilcii bodics ai ilc placc callcd Mlcccla-
dcsa17, lcngal ¦picscnily callcd Ganga-sagaia], and uniil ilai placc was includcd
in Ãiyavaiia, ilc dcsccndanis ol ilc Suiya dynasiy wcic condcmncd. Ioi ilis
icason many lings ol ilc Suiya dynasiy-sucl as Dilïpa, Amsuman, and
llagïiaila-woislipcd lialma, ilc lcad ol ilc rsís, and csiablislcd ilc land up
io Ganga-sagaia as paii ol Ãiyavaiia. Accoiding io modcin opinion, ilosc lings
spicad ilc gloiics ol ilc Gangcs up io ilc occan. Modcin opinion is ilai ii was noi
ilc waicis ol ilc Gangcs ilai wcic ialcn io ilc occan, iailci ii was ilc gloiics ol
ilc Gangcs ilai wcic ialcn io ilc occan. Tlai is wly ilc Manu-samníta (2.22)
dcsciibcs Ãiyavaiia as ilc aica bciwccn ilc Himalaya and Vindlya Mouniains and
siicicling liom ilc casicin occan io ilc wcsicin occan1S. Tlc divisions ol
Ãiyavaiia and Dalsinaiya aic ilus acccpicd sincc ilc iimc ol llagïiaila.
Now I will cxplain ilc calculaiions ol ilc loui yugas accoiding io modcin opinion.
Saiya-yuga cxicnds up io ilc iimc ol King Mandlaia. Ticia-yuga bcgins alici
Mandlaia and coniinucs iliougl ilc iulc ol Lava and Kusa. Dvapaia-yuga ilcn
lasis iliougl ilc laiilc ol Kuiulsciia. Saiya-yuga consisis ol 650 ycais, Ticia-yuga
consisis ol 1,125 ycais, and Dvapaia-yuga consisis ol 775 ycais. In ilis way ilc
ioial comcs io 2,550 ycais19. Vcdic sclolais, lowcvci, do noi acccpi ilcsc
conclusions.
In ilc dcsciipiions ol ilc piinciplc tirtnas ol ilc dillcicni yugas, ii is mcniioncd
ilai Kuiulsciia was ilc tirtna loi Saiya-yuga. Kuiulsciia is siiuaicd ncai
lialmavaiia. Puslaia, siiuaicd ncai Ajmcia, was ilc tirtna loi Ticia-yuga. In
Dvapaia-yuga, Naimisaianya was ilc tirtna. Tlc picscni namc ol Naimisaianya is
Nimllaia oi Nimsaia. Ii is locaicd aboui ++ milcs noiilwcsi ol Luclnow on ilc
banl ol ilc Gomaiï Rivci. In ilc agc ol Kali, Gangcs is ilc tirtna. Jusi as
lialmavaiia, lialmaisi-dcsa, Madlya-dcsa, and ancicni and modcin Ãiyavaiia
wcic giadually csiablislcd liom iimc io iimc, similaily ilc tirtnas wcic all spicad
liom Kuiulsciia io Ganga-sagaia duiing ilc cxpansion ol ilc couniiy. Accoiding
io ilc advanccmcni ol ilc iniclligcncc ol pcoplc in a paiiiculai iimc, dillcicni
incainaiions appcai in dillcicni agcs. As pcoplc advanccd in icligiosiiy, ilc
maniias loi ilcii dclivciancc giadually blossomcd.
Accoiding io modcin opinion, somc ol ilc majoi incidcnis ilai iool placc in ilc
2,550 ycais piioi io and including ilc laiilc ol Kuiulsciia aic ilc saciilicc ol
Dalsa, ilc ligli bciwccn ilc dcmigods and ilc dcmons, ilc cluining ol ilc occan,
ilc banislmcni ol ilc dcmons io Paialalola, ilc lilling ol King Vcna, ilc biinging
ol ilc Gangcs io ilc occan, ilc lilling ol ilc hsatríyas by Paiasuiama, ilc vicioiy
ol Siï Ramacandia ovci Lanla, ilc jouincy ol King Dcvapi and Maiu io ilc villagc
ol Kalapa, and ilc laiilc ol Kuiulsciia. Apaii liom ilcsc, ilc sciipiuics iclaic
many oilci incidcnis ilai iool placc.
Modcin sclolais ilinl ilai Dalsa's liic saciilicc iool placc immcdiaicly alici ilc
Ãiyans csiablislcd lialmavaiia. Tlis siiangc incidcni lappcncd duc io ilc
Ãiyan's piidc ol ilcii casic and ilcii unwillingncss io mainiain a iclaiionslip wiil
ilc local naiivcs. Ai ilai iimc lluianaila Rudia was ilc lcadci ol ilc local naiivcs.
Mosi ol ilc lill aicas wcic undci lis juiisdiciion. lluian, oi lluia-silana, Koca-
vilaia, oi Kucnï-vilaia, and Tiivaiia, wlcic Kailasa Mouniain is sccn, wcic all
undci Rudia's iulc. Lvcn ilougl lc was a local naiivc, lc was cxpcii in ilc scicncc
ol mcdicinc, ligliing, and singing. Sccing lis abiliiy, ilc clcvcn Rudia lings, wlo
wcic lis icpicscniaiivcs, cvcn claimcd ilai lc was ilc supicmc coniiollci. Sucl a
pcisonaliiy as ilc King ol ilc Rudias could noi iolciaic ilc branmana's lalsc cgo,
so lc loicclully and iacilully maiiicd ilc dauglici ol Piajapaii Dalsa, wlo livcd ai
Kanllala, ncai Haiidvaia. Alici Saiïdcvï lcli lci body, a licicc baiilc iool placc
bciwccn lim and ilc branmanas. Alici ilc baiilc, lc was givcn a slaic ol ilc
saciilicc and a scai in ilc noiilcasi coinci ol ilc saciilicial aicna. Alici ilai ilc
Ãiyans madc liicndslip wiil ilc powcilul local mouniain pcoplc. Sincc ilcn, wc
do noi lind any luiilci quaiicl bciwccn ilc local mouniain pcoplc and ilc
branmarsís, bccausc ilc mouniain pcoplc icspccicd ilc branmanas and ilc King ol
ilc Rudias was counicd among ilc loids ol ilc Ãiyans20.
Alilougl ilc Ãiyans no longci quaiiclcd wiil ilc mouniain pcoplc, many pcisons
liom ilcii own dynasiy pui loiwaid obsiaclcs on ilc pail ol piospciiiy. Tlc
dcsccndanis ol Kasyapa, wlo acccpicd ilc lcaiuics ol snalcs and biids, siaiicd
icsiding lcic and ilcic undci ilc suboidinaiion ol ilc dcmigods. Ai ilai iimc ilc
dcsccndanis ol Kasyapa wlo acccpicd ilc lcaiuics ol biids dcvclopcd inicnsc
animosiiy iowaids ilc snalcs. lui laici ilc snalcs bccamc moic powcilul, and
ilcy iulcd many lingdoms. Giadually ilc biids bccamc almosi cxiinci. Iiom ilc
womb ol Diii, ilc wilc ol Kasyapa, a lcw loimidablc mcn wcic boin. Tlcy wcic
condcmncd as dcmons. Tlcy bccamc cncmics ol all good pcoplc by willlully aciing
againsi ilc branmarsís. Lvcniually ilcy quaiiclcd wiil King India and csiablislcd
a scpaiaic lingdom. Tlis quaiicl bccamc lnown as ilc baiilc bciwccn ilc
dcmigods and ilc dcmons. Almosi all ilc dcmons livcd in ilc couniiy lnown as
Panca-nada ¦ilc placc ol livc iivcis]. Salala, Asaiaia, Naiasimla, and Mulian, oi
Kasyapapuia, wcic undci ilcii juiisdiciion. Ii is possiblc ilai Piajapaii Kasyapa, in
wlosc lamily ilc dcmigods and dcmons wcic boin, livcd in ilc couniiics ol
Panca-nada and lialmavaiia. Tlc Piajapaiis livcd aiound lialmavaiia. Ai ilai
iimc lialmavaiia was ilc ccnici ol ilc dcmigods' lingdom. loil ilc Saiasvaiï and
Disadvaiï Rivcis llowcd in ilc dcmigods' lingdom. lialmavaiia is ilc placc ilai
was loundcd by ilc dcmigods bciwccn ilcsc iwo iivcis21. Iiom ilc woid ácva in
ilis vcisc ¦scc looinoic bclow], ii is undcisiood ilai ilc dcmigods wcic icsiding
ilcic. Tlc dcmigods wcic also sons ol Piajapaii Kasyapa, ilcicloic ilcy aic also
acccpicd as Ãiyans. Ii is lcli ilai duiing ilc lounding ol lialmavaiia, jusi alici ilc
icign ol Svayambluva Manu, India, ilc son ol Kasyapa and an cxpcii
adminisiiaioi, was awaidcd ilc iiilc ol King ol ilc dcmigods. Tlosc gicai souls
wlo wcic cngagcd in ilc adminisiiaiivc woil icccivcd dillcicni posis lilc Vayu,
Vaiuna, Agni, Yama, and Pusa. Laici, wlcn oilcis aiiaincd ilosc posis, ilcy wcic
also lnown as India, Candia, Vayu, and Vaiuna. Alici ilc icign ol Vaivasvaia, ilc
dcmigods bccamc vciy wcal. Tlcii iuling ol ilc lingdom coniinucd simply in
namc. Wlcicvci ilcic wcic saciiliccs, ilcy wcic inviicd and slown icspcci. In ilis
way, alici somc iimc ilc gicai pcisonaliiics ol lialmavaiia wcic no moic and ilcy
bccamc counicd amongsi ilc lcavcnly dcmigods. Tlcii scais and slaics in
saciiliccs ol ilis planci wcic givcn io oilci inviicd branmanas. Tlc dcmigods ilcn
bccamc lnown as yantras and wcic involcd by maniias. Tlis is also sccn in
Jaimini's mimamsa plilosoply. In ilc bcginning ilc dcmigods wcic ilc iulcis,
laici ilcy bccamc ilc cnjoycis ol slaics ol saciiliccs, and linally ilcy wcic
csiablislcd in ilc sciipiuics in ilc loim ol maniias. Ai ilc iimc wlcn ilc
dcmigods wcic iuling, ilc dcmons, boin liom Kasyapa's oilci wilc, bccamc giccdy
loi ilc dcmigods' lingdom and cicaicd many disiuibanccs. Tlc liisi baiilc
bciwccn ilc dcmigods and dcmons iool placc ai ilc iimc ol Hiianyalasipu. Tlc
cluining ol ilc occan iool placc a sloii iimc alici ilis baiilc. Duiing ilc baiilc
bciwccn ilc dcmigods and ilc dcmons, lilaspaii was India's minisici and
Suliacaiya was ilc dcmons' minisici. lcing unablc io lill Hiianyalasipu, ilc
branmanas biougli lis son io ilc dcmigods' sidc wiil ilc lclp ol Sanda and
Amaila. Hiianyalasipu was ilcn lillcd by ilc siicngil ol piovidcncc. Tlc
giandson ol Hiianyalasipu was Viiocana. Duiing lis icign an alliancc was madc
bciwccn ilc dcmigods and ilc dcmons. ly combining ilc iniclligcncc ol ilc
dcmigods wiil ilc siicngil and indusiiial lnowlcdgc ol ilc dcmons ilc cluining
ol ilc occan ol lnowlcdgc iool placc, and vaiious cxccllcni iicms, lilc scicniilic
opulcnccs and ncciai, wcic pioduccd. Laici, by discussing lnowlcdgc ol ilc scll,
poison, in ilc loim ol icnunciaiion ol liuiiivc woil and scll-dcsiiuciion, was
pioduccd. Mala-Rudia, wlo lncw ilc spiiiiual scicncc, coniiollcd ilai poison by
ilc powci ol scicncc. Tlc dcmons wcic iacilully dcccivcd liom obiaining ncciai,
and ilcicloic anoilci baiilc iool placc. Tlc asuras wcic dclcaicd in ilis baiilc, so
ilcy livcd conicnicd wiil ilcii own lingdom loi a long iimc. In ilc mcaniimc,
lilaspaii, ilc spiiiiual masici ol ilc dcmigods, was insulicd by India and wcni oll
in scclusion. Ai ilis junciuic ilc dcmons again lii ilc liic ol wai on ilc
insiiuciions ol Suliacaiya. Wiil ilc pcimission ol lialma, India acccpicd
Visvaiupa, ilc son ol Tvasia, as lis piicsi. Tlcn, wiil vaiious iaciics, Visvaiupa
lclpcd ilc dcmigods dclcai ilc dcmons. Visvaiupa uscd io diinl winc, and duc io
lis liicndslip wiil ilc asuras lc dcviscd a plan loi ilc asuras io capiuic
lialmavaiia in iciuin loi a slaic ol ilc saciiliccs. Ioi ilis icason, India lillcd
lim. Visvaiupa's lailci, Tvasia, ilus bccamc angiy wiil India and siaiicd a icvoli.
His oilci son, Viiia, joincd ilc dcmons and bcgan io laiass India, and ilc
dcmigods ilcn dccidcd io ialc slclici ol Dadlyanca (Dadlïci). Alici ilc dcail ol
Dadlyanca, Visvalaima, wiil laid laboi and scicniilic mcilods, cicaicd a vajra, oi
ilundciboli. Tlcn India lillcd Viiia wiil ilc lclp ol ilis vajra, and lc bccamc
condcmncd as ilc lillci ol a branmana. Along wiil oilci branmanas, Tvasia cxilcd
India loi somc iimc. Ai ilai iimc India livcd ncai Manasa-saiovaia. Tlc branmanas
quaiiclcd among ilcmsclvcs bui wcic unablc io lind a piopci candidaic loi ilc
posi ol India. Iinally ilcy dccidcd io insiall Nalusa, ilc giandson ol Puiuiava, as
ilc ling. In a sloii iimc Nalusa dcvclopcd a icndcncy io ncglcci ilc branmanas,
so ilc branmanas icinsiallcd India as ilc ling alici scnding Nalusa bacl io lis
picvious duiics. Tlc baiilc bciwccn ilc dcmigods and ilc dcmons iool placc ai
Kuiulsciia, ncai lialmavaiia. Tlcic is no doubi aboui ilis, bccausc India lillcd
Viiia and wcni noiilcasi io Manasa-saiovaia io icsidc22. Ii is also piovcd ilai
Dadlïci Muni picviously livcd ncai Kuiulsciia. Somc pcoplc say ilai ilicc iaiscd
lillocls, callcd Tiipisiapa, may bc lound ciilci ai Kuiulsciia oi noiilcin
lialmavaiia.
On ilc insiigaiion ol Suliacaiya, ilc dcmons giadually bccamc powcilul, and
bccausc ilc dcmigods wcic unablc io clccl ilcm, ilcy iool ilc lclp ol
Vamanadcva. ly Vamanadcva's iaciics, ilc dcmigods ilus diovc King lali and lis
lollowcis liom ilc aica ol Tiipisiapa. Pcilaps ilc asuras iool a vow io livc on ilc
banl ol ilc Rivci Sindlu, ai ilc placc lnown as Sindlu23. Ai ilai iimc ilc placc
was lnown as Paiala, bccausc ilc dcsccndanis ol ilc Nagas icsidcd ilcic. Tlc
dcsccndanis ol ilc Nagas, sucl as Llapaiia and Talsala, icsidcd in ilai couniiy
loi many ycais. Alici ilc asuras icsidcd ilcic loi many ycais, ilcy iciuincd io
icsidc ai Tiipisiapa. Ai ilai iimc, ilc lalc lnown as Llapaiia and ilc ciiy lnown
as Talsasïla wcic loundcd. Tlc Nagas also livcd in ilc piovincc ol Kaslmii.
Llaboiaic dcsciipiions ol ilis aic lound in ilc Paja-tarangíni. King lali was in ilc
lilil gcnciaiion liom Kasyapa. Duiing lis icign, ilc asuras wcic iacilully cxilcd io
Paiala.
Tlc iopics ol King Vcna aic onc ol ilc main subjccis ol Ãiyan lisioiy. King Vcna
camc in ilc clcvcnil gcnciaiion liom Svayambluva Manu. Ai ilis poini ii slould
bc considcicd wlcic Manu and lis dcsccndanis wcic icsiding. In somc placcs ol
ilc sciipiuics ii is siaicd ilai Manu icsidcd in lialmavaiia. Manu's ciiy ol
lailismaiï was siiuaicd souil ol lialmavaiia and souilwcsi ol Kuiulsciia. Tlc
boundaiy ol lialmaisi-dcsa was noi csiablislcd ai ilai iimc, lcncc ilc sagcs
considcicd Manu's ciiy as wiilin lialmavaiia. Aciually ilc ciiy ol Manu slould bc
considcicd as a paii ol lialmaisi-dcsa, as ii was siiuaicd io ilc souilcasi ol ilc
Saiasvaiï Rivci2+. Ii is dcsciibcd ilai Manu visiicd many sagcs' asramas on boil
banls ol ilc Saiasvaiï wlcn iciuining io lis abodc liom ilc asrama ol Piajapaii
Kaidama ol lindu-saiovaia. Lvcniually lc lcli ilc Saiasvaiï bcloic cniciing lis ciiy
ol Kusa-lasa. Anoilci considciaiion icgaiding Manu is ilc qucsiion ol wly lc
bccamc a hsatríya. lialma's sons wcic callcd Piajapaiis, and ilcy wcic all
branmanas. So loi wlai icason did Svayambluva Manu acccpi an inlciioi posiiion'
Pcilaps wlcn ilc Ãiyans csiablislcd lialmavaiia ilcic was only onc casic. lui
loi incicasing ilc populaiion ilcic was a sloiiagc ol womcn. Tlcy iool a boy and
a giil liom an unlnown casic and, alici convciiing ilcm inio Ãiyans, ilcy maiiicd
ilcm. Tlcy wcic Svayambluva Manu and lis wilc, Saiaiupa. Tlcii dauglicis wcic
maiiicd io vaiious sagcs, and in ilis way ilc Ãiyan dynasiy piospcicd.
Considciing ilai ii was impiopci loi ilc Ãiyans io opcnly acccpi a giil liom a
non-Ãiyan lamily, ilcii paicnis wcic liisi convciicd inio Ãiyans and ilc lailci
was awaidcd ilc posi ol Svayambluva Manu. Tlis was ilc iaciic adopicd loi
acccpiing ilcii dauglicis in maiiiagc. Tlcicloic ilc sons boin liom ilosc
dauglicis wcic noi givcn cqual siaius wiil puic Ãiyans, and ilcy wcic callcd
hsatrus. Somconc wlo is ablc io dclivci onc liom hsata, oi injuiy, is callcd a
hsatru. Tlis is ilc cxplanaiion ilai is lound in Mallinaila's commcniaiy on ilc
Pagnuvamsa. Alilougl ilc Ãiyans acccpicd Manu and lis dcsccndanis as mcmbcis
ol ilcii communiiy, siill, wiil a dcsiic io lccp ilcm scpaiaic liom ilc oiiginal
Ãiyans ilai csiablislcd lialmavaiia, ilc Ãiyans icmaincd branmanas and
cngaging ilc mcmbcis ol ilc hsatríya lamilics loi pioicciing ilc branmanas. Tlc
dcmigods uscd io icsidc on ilc noiilwcsicin sidc ol lialmavaiia as ilc pioicciois
liom ilc asuras, wlo wcic living in Panca-nada ai ilc iimc. Tlc rsís uscd io livc
on ilc banls ol ilc Saiasvaiï. Manu and lis dcsccndanis icsidcd on ilc
souilwcsicin sidc ol ilc Saiasvaiï, in a placc callcd Dalsinaiya. Tlcy pioiccicd ilc
branmanas liom ilc uncivilizcd casics. Tlc caiilly lings wcic undci ilc coniiol ol
ilc lcavcnly lings. Tlc dcmigod India was ilc cmpcioi ovci all. Tlc placc wlcic
ilc dcmigods icsidcd was callcd Tiipisiapa, oi ilc placc wlcic ilcic aic ilicc
lillocls. On ilc noiilcin sidc ol ilc pcal ol ilosc lillocls is ilc palacc ol India.
Tlai palacc is pioiccicd on cacl ol iis cigli sidcs by Dilpalas. I will noi cxplain
ilc modcin opinion on ilis oui ol lcai ol incicasing ilc sizc ol ilis bool. lui I
cannoi icliain liom mcniioning onc moic iling in ilis icgaid. Tlc sons ol
Kasyapa, wlo is ilc louiil gcnciaiion liom lialma, loundcd ilc lingdom ol ilc
dcmigods. Iiom lialma io Kasyapa ilcic wcic iwo lingdoms-Manu and
Piajapaii. Tlc lingdom ol ilc dcmigods was loundcd laici. Wlcn ilc dcmigods'
lingdom bccamc powcilul, ilcn ilc ligliing bciwccn ilc dcmigods and ilc
dcmons bcgan. As ilc dcmigods' lingdom bccamc wcalci, Manu's lingdom
bccamc moic powcilul. Tlc duiaiion ol Svayambluva Manu's iulc was noi vciy
long. As ilc lingdom ol Vaivasvaia Manu bccamc powcilul, ilc lingdom ol
Svayambluva Manu giadually diminislcd. Vaivasvaia Manu was ilc son ol Suiya.
lui ilc wiiicis ol ilc sciipiuics lavc dillcicni opinions aboui ilc namc ol lis
moilci. Pcilaps lc was an adopicd son, oi pcilaps lc was boin ol a non-Ãiyan.
Tlai is wly lc could noi bc acccpicd as a branmana, lilc lis bioilcis, iailci lc
was acccpicd as a hsatríya, lilc Svayambluva Manu. Tlcic is no nccd io luiilci
discuss ilc modcin opinion in ilis icgaid. In duc couisc ol iimc, wlcn lc saw ilc
dcmigods' wcalncss, King Vcna iiicd lis bcsi io dispcisc ilcm25. Tlcn ilc
branmanas, wlo wcic ilc lcadcis ol ilc dcmigods, lillcd lim. Alici massaging lis
lands, ilcy lound a gicai pcisonaliiy namcd Piilu and a woman namcd Aici on
ciilci sidc ol lis body, and ilcy landcd ilc lingdom ovci io Piilu loi iuling.
Duiing Piilu's icign, villagcs wcic loundcd, laiming was iniioduccd, gaidcns wcic
planicd, and many oilci maiciial laciliiics wcic piovidcd26.
Il wc acccpi ilc modcin opinion icgaiding ilc Gangcs, ilcn ii may bc said ilai
King llagïiaila ol ilc Suiya dynasiy pciloimcd a gicai job ol spicading ilc gloiics
ol ilc Gangcs up io ilc occan, ilus cxicnding ilc aica ol Ãiyavaiia. Ai ilai iimc
Ãiyavaiia cxicndcd only as lai as Miilila, and ilc dynasiy ol Manu was almosi
cxiinci. Tlc lingdoms ol ilc Suiya and Rudia dynasiics wcic boil vciy powcilul
ai ilc iimc, and ilcy lad sucl an alliancc ilai no gcncial woil could go on
anywlcic in India wiiloui ilcii conscni. Wlcn King Sagaia's sons wcic cuiscd io
dic ncai ilc occan, ii cicaicd a bad namc loi ilc Suiya dynasiy. In oidci io
couniciaci ilai bad namc, King llagïiaila woislipcd lialma, ilc lcadci ol ilc
dcmigods, and Siva, ilc King ol ilc Rudia lingdom, and ilus icccivcd pcimission
io malc Ãiyavaiia piospcious. llagïiaila ilcn connccicd ilc Gangcs wiil ilc
occan. In ilc bcginning, ilc Saiasvaiï was ilc only sacicd iivci. Giadually wlcn
ilc aicas aiound ilc Yamuna wcic populaicd by ilc Ãiyans, ilc gloiics ol ilc
Yamuna also spicad. Tlcn duiing ilc iimc ol llagïiaila, ilc Gangcs bccamc
cclcbiaicd as ilc iopmosi ol all sacicd iivcis.
Somc iimc alici ilis incidcni ilcic was a gicai quaiicl bciwccn ilc branmanas and
ilc hsatríyas. Duiing ilis iimc ilc Ãiyans and ilc hsatríyas saw ilai ilc
dcmigods' lingdom lad bccomc wcal and ilcy bcgan io ncglcci ilcm; ilcy cvcn
lillcd many ol ilc piomincni rsís. Wlcn ilc branmanas wcic unablc io iolciaic
ilcsc incidcnis, ilcy appoinicd Paiasuiama as ilcii commandci-in-clicl and
bcgan io icialiaic. Kaiiavïiyaijuna ol ilc Hailaya dynasiy accumulaicd many
hsatríyas and cnicicd ilc wai againsi ilc branmanas. Kaiiavïiya was lillcd by
Paiasuiama's unbcaiablc axc. Kaiiavïiyaijuna lad iulcd ilc ciiy ol Malismaiï, on
ilc banl ol ilc Naimada Rivci. Hc was so powcilul ilai ilc non-Ãiyans liom ilc
Dalsinaiya lad always icmaincd lcailul ol lim. King Ravana ol Lanla did noi daic
io comc io Ãiyavaiia oui ol lcai ol Kaiiavïiyaijuna. Tlc branmanas, lowcvci, wcic
noi saiislicd by lilling Kaiiavïiya. Tlcy giadually bcgan io ligli wiil ilc lings ol
ilc Suiya and Candia dynasiics. Ii is said ilai Paiasuiama iid ilc wlolc woild ol
all hsatríyas iwcniy-onc iimcs and ilcn gavc ilc woild io Kasyapa io iulc. Tlc
puipoii is ilai ilc dcmigods' lingdom ol lialmavaiia lcll inio ilc lands ol ilc
branmanas ol ilc Kasyapa dynasiy. Wlcn ilc Kasyapa dynasiy lad ncaily
collapscd and many lings wcic iuling, Paiasuiama iccsiablislcd ilc Kasyapa
dynasiys' iulc. Lcaincd sclolais ol ilai iimc, lowcvci, considcicd ilai ilc
branmanas wcic no longci capablc ol iuling ilc lingdom, so ilc hsatríyas slould
iulc. Piomincni branmanas and hsatríya lings lad vaiious mcciings, oui ol wlicl
ilc Manu sciipiuics wcic biougli inio bcing. Laici wc will discuss wlcilci ilosc
Manu sciipiuics aic siill cuiicni oi noi. lialmavaiia, oi ilc lingdom ol ilc
dcmigods, was no longci icspccicd by ilc local pcoplc. Tlc dcmigods wcic
icspccicd only duiing saciiliccs. Tlai also was simply in ilc loim ol namcs and
maniias. Tlc aciual branmana communiiics bccamc liglly icspccicd. In ilis way,
alilougl ilc branmanas and hsatríyas lad an alliancc bciwccn ilcmsclvcs,
Paiasuiama again lougli wiil ilc hsatríyas oui ol giccd io capiuic ilc lingdom.
In ilc Pamayana ii is siaicd ilai Paiasuiama wcni io ligli Ramacandia, bui lc was
dclcaicd and cxilcd io Malcndia Mouniain, ncai Kanya-lumaiï. Tlc branmanas
assisicd Ramacandia in aclicving ilis, and ilus Paiasuiama bccamc paiiiculaily
cnvious ol ilc branmanas and cicaicd a lcw linds ol branmanas in ilc Souil. Many
branmanas liom ilc Souil admii ilai ilcy wcic iuincd inio branmanas by
Paiasuiama. Tlosc branmanas wlo livcd wiil Paiasuiama in ilc piovincc ol
Malabaia picaclcd ilc Ãiyan sciipiuics iliougloui Dalsinaiya. Tlai is low ilc
asiiology ol Kciala and oilci scicnccs wcic iniioduccd. Tlc dcsccndanis ol ilosc
branmanas aic siill cuiicni ioday; ilcy aic lnown as Saiasvaia branmanas.
Immcdiaicly alici ilis incidcni, ilc baiilc bciwccn Ravana and Rama iool placc.
Ravana, ilc King ol Lanla, was vciy powcilul ai ilc iimc. Onc rsí liom ilc
dynasiy ol Pulasiya lcli lialmavaiia and icsidcd on ilc island ol Lanla loi somc
iimc. Tlc dynasiy ol Ravana bcgan alici ilai rsí maiiicd a dauglici liom ilc
dynasiy ol Ralsa. Wc can ilcicloic say ilai Ravana was lall Ralsa and lall Ãiyan.
Duc io lis piowcss, King Ravana giadually capiuicd many ol ilc souilcin
piovinccs ol India. Iinally lis lingdom cxicndcd up io ilc banls ol ilc Godavaiï
Rivci, wlcic lc appoinicd iwo commandcis-Klaia and Dusana-io guaid ilc
boidci. Wlcn Rama and Lalsmana buili a coiiagc on ilc banls ol ilc Godavaiï,
Ravana ilougli ilai ilc dcsccndanis ol ilc Suiya dynasiy wcic building a loii
ncai lis boidci in oidci io aiiacl lis lingdom. Considciing ilis, King Ravana
iool ilc lclp ol Maiica, ilc son ol Taiala, wlo was a icsidcni ol lalasaia, and
lidnappcd Sïia. Ramacandia iool ilc lclp ol pcoplc liom Dalsinaiya and
Kislinda in oidci io locaic Sïia. Valmïli was an Ãiyan poci wlo lad a naiuial
icndcncy io icasc ilc pcoplc ol Dalsinaiya. Tlai is wly lc dcsciibcd ilc gicai
lciocs and liicnds ol Rama in a comical way. Hc dcsciibcd somc ol ilcm as
monlcys, somc as bcais, and somc as Ralsasas. Hc cvcn dcsciibcd ilcm as laving
iails and bcing covcicd wiil laii. Anyway, duiing ilc iimc ol Ramacandia, ilc
sccd ol liicndslip was sown bciwccn ilc Ãiyans and ilc pcoplc ol Dalsinaiya.
Tlcic is no doubi aboui ilis. Tlc sccd laici bccamc a laigc iicc, wlicl pioduccd
cxccllcni liuiis. Oilciwisc, ilc pcoplc ol Kainaia, Diavida, Malaiasiia, and
Mysoic would noi lavc bccomc lnown as Hindus. Ramacandia iool ilc lclp ol
ilc pcoplc ol ilosc couniiics io conquci Lanla and icscuc Sïia.
Modcin sclolais lavc also concludcd ilai ilc baiilc bciwccn ilc Kauiavas and ilc
Pandavas iool placc 775 ycais alici ilc vicioiy ol Ramacandia ovci Lanla. Tlcic
wcic no majoi incidcnis duiing ilis pciiod cxccpi ilc giadual cxpansion ol ilc
Ãiyan lingdom. Tlc Ãiyan hsatríyas livcd in ilc piovincc ol Vidaibla, oi Nagpui,
wlicl giadually bccamc lnown as Malaiasiia. Duiing ilai iimc ilc dcsccndanis
ol Yadu cxicndcd ilcii lingdom liom Sauvïia ol Sindlu io Malismaiï Clcdi ol
Naimada io Mailuia ol Yamuna. Duiing ilc samc pciiod ilc dcsccndanis ol ilc
Suiya dynasiy bccamc cxiicmcly wcal. King Maiu ol ilc Suiya dynasiy and King
Dcvapi ol ilc Candia dynasiy boil lcli ilcii lingdoms and wcni io ilc villagc ol
Kalapa (ncaiby ladaiilasiama). Indusiiy advanccd, ilc posiiion ol ciiics and
villagcs giadually impiovcd, ilc languagc ol ilc Ãiyans was iclincd, many sacicd
placcs wcic csiablislcd in non-Ãiyan piovinccs, and Hasiinapuia was loundcd by
King Hasii on ilc banl ol ilc Gangcs27. Wiil ilc pcimission ol ilc dcmigods,
King Kuiu csiablislcd ilc sacicd placc namcd Kuiulsciia in ilc couniiy ol
lialmaisi.
Tlc baiilc bciwccn ilc Kuius and ilc Pandavas was a majoi incidcni bccausc
many dillcicni lings ol India gailcicd ilcic, and alici a licicc baiilc ilcy aiiaincd
lcavcn. All ilc incidcnis ol ilis baiilc aic daily iopics amongsi Indians, so ilcic is
no nccd loi any spccial mcniion ol ilosc incidcnis lcicin. Ii can only bc said ilai
Jaiasandla, ilc King ol Magadla, was lillcd by llïma a sloii iimc bcloic ilc
baiilc. Tlc lingdom ol Magadla was giadually and powcilully incicasing.
Jaiasandla cvcn iiicd io cuiiail ilc picsiigc ol Hasiinapuia in oidci io incicasc ilc
picsiigc ol Magadla. Alilougl many lings in ilc lamily linc liom Paiïlsii iulcd a
lingdom in ilc viciniiy ol ilc Gangcs and Yamuna, siill, ilcii lingdom was undci
ilc juiisdiciion ol ilc King ol Magadla. Tlis is undcisiood bccausc only ilc
namcs ol ilc subscqucni lings ol Magadla aic piomincni in ilc Puranas.
Now wc will lavc io dccidc wlcn ilc baiilc ol Kuiulsciia iool placc. Malaiaja
Paiïlsii was boin jusi alici ilc baiilc. Iiom ilc biiil ol Paiïlsii up io ilc
coionaiion ol Nandivaidlana (ilc lilil ol ilc Piadyoiana lings) was 1,115
ycais2S. Conninglam Salib and oilcis say ilai ilc woid nanáabníscha in ilc
picvious looinoic vcisc liom ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam iclcis io ilc liisi ol ilc ninc
Nandas. lui alilougl ilc icspccicd Siïdlaia Svamï also acccpis ilis, lc says ilc
numbci is iiiclcvani. Tlcicloic wc lcailcssly acccpi ilis Nanda as Nandivaidlana.
Moicovci, in ilc Ninil Canio ol ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam ii is siaicd ilai 20 lings
liom ilc dynasiy ol liladiaila, bcginning liom Maijaii up io Ripunjaya, would
iulc loi 1,000 ycais29. Tlc namcs ol ilosc 20 lings aic also givcn in ilc Twcllil
Canio ol ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam. Tlcn, alici livc Piadyoiana lings iulc loi 13S
ycais and icn Sisunaga lings iulc loi 360 ycais, ilc ninc Nandas will iulc loi 100
ycais. So il wc iclci io ilc liisi ol ilc ninc Nandas, ii will bc aboui 1,500 ycais; bui
il wc dcduci ilc 23 ycais ol Nandivaidlana's iulc, ilcn wc lavc ilc coiicci liguic
ol 1,115 ycais. Again30, in ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam ii is siaicd ilai duiing ilc icign
ol King Paiïlsii ilc consicllaiion ol ilc scvcn rsís iool slclici in ilc nahsatra
callcd Magla. Wlcn ilis consicllaiion ol ilc scvcn rsís ciosscs ilc nahsatras
bcginning wiil Magla iliougl Jyaisila, ilcn ilc agc ol Kali will bc 1,200 ycais
old. Il ilai consicllaiion icmains 1,200 ycais in ninc nahsatras, ilcn ilc duiaiion
in cacl nahsatra is 133 ycais + monils. Wlcn ilc consicllaiion ol ilc scvcn sagcs
gocs io ilc Puivasadla-nalsaiia, anoilci Nanda will bccomc ling; ilcn ilc
consicllaiion ol ilc scvcn sagcs musi lavc iiavclcd iliougl ilc clcvcn nahsatras an
addiiional 1+ ycais. Il wc add 360 ycais-ilc duiaiion ol ilc icn Sisunaga lings'
iulc-io ilc 1,13S ycais up io ilc cnd ol Nandivaidlana's iulc, ilcn ilc ioial
comcs io 1,+9S ycais. Sincc ilc duiaiion ol ilc lings' iulc is cqual io ilc duiaiion
ol ilc movcmcni ol ilc scvcn rsís' consicllaiion, ilis luiilci conliims ilc picvious
siaicmcnis. On lcaiing ilc siaicmcni ilai ilc rsís will icmain in ilc Magla-
nalsaiia loi 100 ycais, many pcoplc may ilinl ilai ilc rsís siay in cacl nahsatra
loi 100 ycais. lui ilc scvcn rsís wcic io siay in ilc Magla-nalsaiia loi 100 ycais
liom ilc iimc ilai Suladcva was spcaling io Paiïlsii. Il wc acccpi ilai bcloic
Suladcva spolc io Paiïlsii ilc rsís lad alicady siaycd in ilc Magla-nalsaiia loi
33 ycais + monils, ilcn ilcic is no longci any doubi. Tlcicloic ii is coiicci io say
ilai up io ilc coionaiion ol Nandivaidlana was 1,115 ycais. Alici lis iulc, duiing
ilc icign ol ilc oilci Nandas, Kali bccamc cxiicmcly piomincni. Tlis is also
conliimcd by piaciical obscivaiion. Alici ilc lilil gcnciaiion, Ajaiasaiiu bccamc
ilc ling. Duiing lis icign, Salyasimla picaclcd luddlism, in ilc loim ol
lnowlcdgc ol scll-icalizaiion dcvoid ol a conccpiion ol ilc Inlalliblc ¦God]31. Tlc
Nandas wcic lilc cowlcid mcn and wcic cnvious ol cicinal icligious piinciplcs.
Asolavaidlana cvcn widcly piopagaicd luddlism. Giadually vaiious casics lilc
Sundlas iulcd ilc lingdom and cicaicd many obsiaclcs in ilc pail ol icligion.
Tlc ioial duiaiion io ilc cnd ol ilc ninc Nandas' iulc was 1,59S ycais. Canalya
Pandiia lillcd ilc lasi ol ilc Nandas and gavc ilc lingdom io ilc lings ol ilc
Mauiya dynasiy. Accoiding io somc opinions, King Dasaiaila, and accoiding io
oilcis, Candiagupia was ilc liisi ling ol ilc Mauiya dynasiy. Duiing ilc iimc ol
Candiagupia, pcoplc liom Gicccc visiicd India liisi wiil Alcxandia and laici wiil
Sclcucus. Accoiding io ilc opinions ol Giccl liiciaiuic, ilc gicai dynasiics liom
Simlala, and ilc luddlisi lisioiy ol lialma-dcsa, Candiagupia iool ilc ilionc
215 ycais bcloic Cliisi. Iiom ilis calculaiion ii may bc undcisiood ilai ilc baiilc
ol Kuiulsciia iool placc 3,791 ycais ago liom ioday. Di. lcnilcy Salib calculaicd
ilc posiiion ol ilc siais mcniioncd in ilc Manabnarata and dccidcd ilai ilc baiilc
ol Kuiulsciia iool placc 1,S2+ ycais bcloic Cliisi. Wlcn wc compaic lis
calculaiion wiil minc ilcic is a dillcicncc ol S9 ycais. So ciilci lcnilcy Salib
madc a misialc oi ilc 1,000 ycais duiaiion ol ilc lailadiailas' iulc was an
appioximaiion ilai wc lavc io dcduci S9 ycais liom. Tlc luiuic swanlilc sclolais
can dciciminc ilc coiicci liguics alici luiilci icscaicl.
Tlc Mauiyas iulcd ilcii lingdom loi icn gcnciaiions. Ii is said in ilc Srimaá
Pnagavatam ilai ilc ioial duiaiion ol ilcii iulc was 137 ycais. Asolavaidlana was
ilc mosi powcilul ol ilc Mauiyas. Hc was Ãiyan ai liisi, bui laici lc bccamc a
luddlisi. Hc ilcn csiablislcd many luddlisi pillais iliougloui India. Duiing lis
icign, cigli Yavana lings sucl as Diodoios, Dcmciiios, and Luciaiidcs capiuicd a
poiiion ol India on ilc wcsicin sidc ol ilc Sindlu Rivci. Ii las noi bccn
csiablislcd in wlicl dynasiy ilc Mauiya lings wcic boin32. Tlcy wcic pcilaps
boin in ilc dynasiy ol ilc Mayuias, wlo icsidcd ncai ilc Roliia Mouniain on ilc
wcsicin banl ol ilc Viiasia Rivci. Aciually ilcy did bclong io any ol ilc loui
siandaid casics. Iiom ilc way ilcy mainiaincd ilcii iclaiionslip wiil ilc Yavanas
ii appcais ilcy wcic liom an insignilicani class ol ilc Sala casic. Ii is also
undcisiood ilai bcloic ilc Yavanas' aiiival, ilc Mauiyas csiablislcd ilcii lingdom
ai ciilci Mayuiapuia oi Haiidvaia and callcd ilcmsclvcs Ãiyans. Tlc namc
Mauiya camc liom ilc namc Mayuiapuia. Jusi piioi io ilc Mauiyas' iulc, ilc ninc
Nandas livcd on ilc wcsicin sidc ol ilc Sindlu Rivci, ai ilc placc lnown as
Ãvabiiya, oi Ãiabaiia. Pcilaps ilc Nandas icscmblcd cowlcid mcn, bccausc in ilc
Srimaá Pnagavatam ilcy aic callcd Visala. Also, ilc scvcn suboidinaic lings wcic
dcsciibcd as Ãblïias, oi cowlcids.
As lai as ilc lingdom ol Magadla is conccincd, ilc Sundla dynasiics capiuicd ilc
ilionc jusi alici ilc Mauiyas' iulc. Tlcy ilcn iulcd ilc lingdom loi 112 ycais.
Among ilcm, liisi Puspamiiia, and ilcn Agnimiiia cxicndcd ilcii lingdom liom
Magadla up io Panca-nada. In oidci io iacilully malc liicndslip wiil ilc Ãiyans,
ilcy ilcn siaiicd laiassing ilc luddlisis in ilc ciiy ol Salala, ol ilc Madia
piovincc. Tlcy announccd ilai wlocvci biings ilc lcad ol a luddlisi sannyasi
would bc icwaidcd wiil a lundicd coins. Alici ilcm ilc lings ol ilc Kanva
dynasiy iulcd Magadla. Tlcic wcic loui lings ol ilc Kanva dynasiy wlo iulcd
Magadla loi a ioial ol +5 ycais. Tlc duiaiion ol ilcii iulc is dcsciibcd in ilc
Srimaá Pnagavatam as lasiing 3+5 ycais, bui in ilc Vísnu Purana ii is said ilai
Vasudcva iulcd loi 9 ycais, llumimiiia iulcd loi 1+ ycais, Naiayana iulcd loi 12
ycais, and Susaima iulcd loi 10 ycais. Iiom ilis ii appcais ilai ilc siaicmcni in
ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam may bc incoiicci. Unloiiunaicly, Siïdlaia Svamï also
acccpicd ilis incoiicci siaicmcni. Anyway, ai ilis poini lci us acccpi ilai ilc
opinion ol ilc auiloi ol ilc Pnagavatam is +5 ycais. Alici ilc Kanva dynasiy, ilc
dynasiy ol Andlia iulcd Magadla loi +56 ycais. Tlc lasi ling ol ilis dynasiy was
Salomadli. Tlc iulc ol ilc Andlia dynasiy cndcd in +35 A.D.
Among ilcsc non-Ãiyan lings, no onc could bc acccpicd as ilc cmpcioi. Only ilc
lingdom ol Asolavaidlana was paiiiculaily laigc. Tlcic is no doubi ilai ilc
Sundlas and Kanvas wcic lilc plundcicis ol ilc Sidlia piovincc. Tlc vaiious
iypcs ol coins ilai lavc bccn lound buiicd in placcs lilc Kabul, Punjab, and
Hindusilan aic mailcd wiil ilc signs ol ilc Giccl Yavanas and vaiious casics
liom ilc Sidlia piovincc. Coins mailcd wiil ilc namcs ol Havisla, Kanisla, and
Vasudcva lavc bccn lound in ilc piovincc ol Mailuia. Iiom ilis ii is bclicvcd ilai
ilosc pcoplc iulcd Mailuia loi somc iimc. Iiom ilc iimc ol ilcsc lings ¦Havisla,
Kanisla, and Vasudcva] ilc calcndai lnown as Samvai was iniioduccd. Alici King
Viliamadiiya dclcaicd ilc Salas by lis piowcss lc bccamc lnown as Salaii, oi
cncmy ol ilc Salas, and ii is somciimcs said ilai lc iniioduccd ilc Samvai
calcndai. Tlis siaicmcni, lowcvci, is dilliculi io bclicvc, bccausc ilc wiiicis ol ilc
Puranas mcniioncd ilc namcs ol ilc lings wlo iulcd ilc liisi livc lundicd ycais
ol ilc Samvai calcndai bui did noi includc Viliamadiiya's namc. Il Viliamadiiya,
ilc King ol Ujjain, lad aciually iulcd ai ilai iimc, ilc wiiicis ol ilc Puranas would
lavc cciiainly gloiilicd lim. Ii is ilcicloic undcisiood ilai many lings iulcd
undci ilc namc Viliamadiiya. Tlc Viliamadiiya wlo iulcd Ujjain bccamc ling in
ilc ycai 592 A.D. In ilc liisi ccniuiy alici Jcsus Cliisi in ilc ciiy ol Siavasiï ilcic
was a Viliamadiiya wlo was an cncmy ol ilc luddlisis. King Salibalana was a
icspcciablc ling liom Dalsinaiya. Tlc Salabda calcndai, wlicl lc iniioduccd,
was widcly acccpicd in ilc Souil. Ii is said ilai in 7S A.D. King Salibalana
laiasscd ilc Salas and csiablislcd a ciiy namcd Salibalanapuia in ilc Punjab
piovincc. Again ii is siaicd ilai Salibalana lad lis capiial in a placc lnown as
Pailana on ilc banl ol ilc Naimada. Tlcicloic ilc aciual lilc lisioiy ol ilcsc iwo
lings ¦Salibalana and Viliamadiiya] is siill unclcai.
Nimicalia camc in ilc sixil gcnciaiion alici King Paiïlsii. Hc lcli Hasiinapuia
and icsidcd ai Kusambï, oi Kausilïpuiï. Tlc Pandu dynasiy coniinucd up io King
Kscmala, wlo comcs in ilc iwcniy-sccond gcnciaiion liom Nimicalia.
Tlc Suiya dynasiy cndcd wiil King Dolangula Sumiiia, wlo appcaicd in ilc
iwcniy-ciglil gcnciaiion alici King liladbala. Tlcicloic alici ilc icign ol
Nandivaidlana boil ilc Candia and Suiya dynasiics cndcd. Kings lilc ilc ninc
Nandas, wlo bccamc piomincni aliciwaids, wcic all ouicasics. Tlc lings ol ilc
Tailanga piovincc ol Andlia ilcicalici conqucicd and iulcd Magadla. Ii sccms
ilai ilcy wcic liom ilc Clola dynasiy, bccausc wlcn ilc lings ol Andlia iulcd
Magadla ilc Clola lings wcic iuling ilc ciiy ol Vaiangala in Andlia. Ii is vciy
dilliculi io conliim wlcilci oi noi ilc Clola lings wcic Ãiyans, bui duc io ilcii
bclavioi and abscncc ol any iclaiionslip wiil ilc Suiya and Candia dynasiics ii is
assumcd ilai ilcy wcic ouicasics. Tlc Clola lings wcic oiiginally liom ilc ciiy ol
Kancïnagaia ol ilc Diavida piovincc. Tlcy giadually cxpandcd ilcii lingdom up
io ilc banls ol ilc Gangcs. Wlcn Paiasuiama livcd in ilc Souil, lc csiablislcd
ncw branmana and hsatríya communiiics, including ilc Clolas. Anyway, ilc lings
ol ilc Andlia dynasiy aic mcniioncd in ilc Puranas.
In ilc 772 ycais liom +35 A.D. up io 1206 A.D., wlcn ilc Molammcdan iulc
bcgan, no cmpcioi iulcd ilc wlolc ol India. Duiing ilis iimc many small lings
iulcd dillcicni piovinccs ol India. Many Ãiyan and mixcd casic pcoplc bccamc
vciy powcilul in Kanyalubja, Kaslmii, Gujaiai, Kalinjaia, and Gauda. Tlc Rajpuis
ol Kanyalubja and Palas liom Gauda-dcsa bccamc cqually powcilul. Tlc lings
liom ilc Pala dynasiy iulcd ilcii lingdom and acccpicd ilc iiilc ol Caliavaiiï.
Duiing ilis iimc King Viliamadiiya ol Ujjain siudicd many scicnccs.
Haisavaidlana and Visaladcva wcic also cqually siiong. I am noi wiiiing ilc
lisioiy ol ilosc dynasiics, as ilis bool would ilcn bccomc ioo voluminous. So I
siop lcic. In biicl, ilc Rajpui lings wlo cvcniually succccdcd ilc lings ol ilc
Suiya and Candia dynasiics wcic moic oi lcss modcin. Tlc wiiicis ol ilc Puranas
did noi gloiily ilcm vciy mucl33.
Tlc Molammcdans iulcd ovci India liom 1206 A.D. io 1757 A.D., wlcn ilcy wcic
diivcn away by ilc Lnglislmcn. Duiing ilc Molammcdan iulc India lcll inio
inauspiciousncss. Tcmplcs wcic dcsiioycd, ilc Ãiyan blood was polluicd in
vaiious ways, ilc siandaid ol varnasrama-ánarma was diminislcd, and ilc
discussion ol ancicni Ãiyan lisioiy was almosi sioppcd.
Ai picscni, undci ilc iulc ol ilc Lnglisl, ilc Ãiyans aic living moic pcacclully
and piospciously. Vcdic lisioiy and ilc gloiics ol ilc Ãiyans aic again bcing
discusscd. Tlcic is no longci lcai ol icmplcs bcing dcsiioycd. In biicl, wc lavc
bccn dclivcicd liom a gicai calamiiy.
Tlc modcin sclolais lavc discusscd wlaicvci incidcnis I lavc mcniioncd so lai
and dividcd ilc lisioiy ol India inio cigli pciiods, as illusiiaicd in ilc lollowing
claii.
Ruling
dynasiy's namc
Mcaning ol ilc namc Duiaiion ol
iulc in ycais
lcginning
daic
1 Piajapaiis Rulc ol sagcs 50 ++63 l.C.
2 Manus Rulc ol Svayambluva Manu and
dcsccndanis
50 ++13
3 Dcmigods Rulc ol India and oilcis 100 +363
+ Vaivasvaia Rulc ol Vaivasvaia and
dcsccndanis
3+65 +263
5 Ouicasics Rulc ol ilc Ãblïias, Salas,
Yavanas, Klasas, and Andlias
1233 79S l.C.
6 liaiya Rulc ol ilc ncw Ãiyan casics 771 +35A.D.
7 Molammcdans Rulc ol ilc Paians and Mogluls 55 1206 A.D.
S liiiisl Rulc ol ilc liiiisl3+ 121 1757
I lavc givcn only a lini aboui ilc iulc ol India accoiding io modcin calculaiion.
Now I will picscni ilc modcin opinion icgaiding ilc sciipiuics wiiiicn by ilc
Ãiyans. Duiing ilc iulc ol ilc Piajapaiis ilcic wcic no sciipiuics wiiiicn. Tlcic
wcic only a lcw plcasing woids. In ilc bcginning ilcic was only pranava; wiiiicn
sciipi was noi yci iniioduccd. Tlcic was only onc syllablc wiil anusvara addcd io
ii (om). Wlcn ilc Manus' iulc bcgan, oilci syllablcs, sucl as tat sat, appcaicd.
Duiing ilc iulc ol ilc dcmigods, ancicni maniias wcic composcd by joining small
woids iogcilci. Tlc pciloimancc ol saciiliccs bcgan ai ilis iimc. Giadually ancicni
pociic mcicis lilc Gayaiiï appcaicd. Calsusa Manu appcaicd in ilc ciglil
gcnciaiion liom Svayambluva Manu. Ii is said ilai Loid Maisya appcaicd duiing
lis icign and dclivcicd ilc Vcáas. Pcilaps duiing ilis iimc many pociic mcicis
and vciscs ol ilc Vcáas wcic composcd, bui all ilcsc wcic only in sound vibiaiion,
noi wiiiicn. Tlcy wcic passcd on by lcaiing. Alici ilc Vcáa lad icmaincd in ilis
unwiiiicn siaic loi a long iimc and ilc numbci ol vciscs giadually incicascd, ii
bccamc dilliculi io giasp. Ai ilai iimc ilc sagcs, lcadcd by Kaiyayana and
Ãsvalayana, madc mcmoiizing ilc sutras ol ilc onc Vcáa casici by composing
ilcm alici caiclul considciaiion. Siill, many oilci maniias wcic composcd alici
ilis. Wlcn ilc onc Vcáa bccamc gicaily cxpandcd, ilcn Vyasadcva, alici duly
considciing ilc subjccis, dividcd ilc Vcáa inio loui and wioic ilcm in bool
loim35. Tlis iool placc a lcw ycais bcloic King Yudlisiliia's icign. Tlcn
Vyasadcva's disciplcs dividcd ilosc woids among ilcmsclvcs36. Tlosc rsís, wlo
wcic disciplcs ol Vyasadcva, ilcn dividcd ilc loui Vcáas inio dillcicni bianclcs so
ilai pcoplc could casily siudy ilcm37. Ii slould bc now undcisiood ilai ilc Pg,
Sama, and Yajur Vcáas aic ilc mosi widcly icspccicd and quoicd3S. Ii sccms ilai
all ilc ancicni vciscs wcic compilcd in ilcsc ilicc Vcáas. lui wc cannoi ncglcci
ilc Atnarva Vcáa duc io considciing ii modcin, bccausc in ilc Prnaá-aranyaha
Lpanísaá (+.5.11) ilc lollowing vcisc is lound: asya manato bnutasya nísvasítam
ctaá yaá rg-vcáo yajur-vcáan sama-vcáo tnarvangírasa ítínasan puranam víáya
upanísaáan sIohan sutranyanuvyahnyananyasyaí vaítaní sarvaní nísvasítaní-Tlc
Pg Vcáa, Yajur Vcáa, Sama Vcáa, and Atnarva Vcáa, ilc |tínasas, oi lisioiics, ilc
Puranas, ilc Lpanísaás, ilc sIohas, oi mantras clanicd by ilc branmanas, ilc
sutras, oi accumulaiions ol Vcdic siaicmcnis, as wcll as víáya, iiansccndcnial
lnowlcdgc, and ilc cxplanaiions ol ilc sutras and mantras aic all cmanaiions liom
ilc bicailing ol ilc gicai Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.` Tlc Prnaá-aranyaha cannoi bc
considcicd modcin bccausc ii was composcd bcloic ilc wiiiings ol Vyasadcva.
In ilc abovc-mcniioncd vcisc ilcic is a dcsciipiion ol ilc lisioiics and Puranas,
wlicl aic boil Vcdic liiciaiuics ilai coniain ancicni iopics similai io ilosc lound
in ilc Vcáas. Wlaicvci aigumcnis Jaimini Rsi picscnicd in oidci io csiablisl ilc
Vcáas as cicinal aic all loi ilc bcnclii ol ilc ncoplyics. Swanlilc pcisonaliiics
slould acccpi ilc puipoii ol swanlilc Jaimini's icaclings. Tlc puipoii ol lis
icaclings is as lollows: All iiuils discovcicd aic iclaicd io ilc Supicmc Loid,
ilcicloic ilcy aic cicinal. Tlosc wlo dcsciibc ilc Vcdic iiuils as icmpoiaiy by
ciiing ilc cxamplcs híhata, naícasaha, and pramangaáa aic noi aspiiing io
undcisiand ilc iiuil. Tlis is Jaimini's conclusion.
Now I will csiablisl ilc daiing ol ilc smrtí sastras accoiding io ilc opinion ol
modcin sclolais. Manu-samníta is ilc liisi and loicmosi ol all smrtís. Tlcic is no
cvidcncc ilai ilc Manu-samníta was wiiiicn duiing ilc iimc ol Manu. Wlcn Manu
bccamc a piomincni iulci, ilc Piajapaiis lad lim csiablisl and livc in a ciiy
namcd lailismaiï, jusi ouisidc lialmavaiia, so ilai lis sons would icmain a
scpaiaic class. Iiom ilai iimc on ilc Piajapaiis callcd ilcmsclvcs branmanas and
acccpicd ilc Manus as hsatríyas. In ilis way casics oilci ilan branmanas wcic
iniioduccd. Manu also gavc duc icspcci io ilc branmanas and aiiangcd loi ilc
dillcicni occupaiional duiics ol ilc dillcicni casics wiil ilc lclp ol rsís sucl as
liglu. Tlc rsís appiovcd Manu's aiiangcmcni. Ai ilc iimc, lowcvci, ilc vaiious
occupaiional duiics wcic noi wiiiicn down. Laici, wlcn ilc branmanas and
hsatríyas lougli, Paiasuiama appoinicd somconc liom ilc lligu dynasiy wlo
lncw ilosc aiiangcmcnis io wiiic cvciyiling down in ilc loim ol vciscs. Tlc
duiics suiiablc loi vaísyas and suáras wcic also includcd. Aboui 600 ycais alici ilc
baiilc ol Kuiulsciia ilc picscni Manu sciipiuics wcic wiiiicn down wiil ilc
assisiancc ol anoilci Paiasuiama, wlosc posiiion was similai io ilc oiiginal
Paiasuiama. Tlai moic icccni Paiasuiama lad appcaicd in ilc dynasiy ol ilc
Ãiyans and livcd in a souilcin piovincc. Tlcic is a calcndai ilai was bcgun liom
ilc iimc ol lis biiil siill cuiicni in ilai piovincc. Tlis calcndai bcgan 1176 l.C.
lascd on ilis calcndai, Rcspccicd Piasanna Kumai Tlaluia wioic in ilc
iniioduciion ol lis bool, Vívaáa-cíntamaní, ilai ilc sciipiuics ol ilc Manus wcic
liisi wiiiicn ai ilai iimc. Tlis is wiong, lowcvci, loi wc lind iclcicnccs io ilc
Manu sciipiuics in ilc Cnanáogya sruti39. Tlc oiiginal Paiasuiama was a
conicmpoiaiy ol Ramacandia. Tlcic is no doubi ilai duiing lis iimc branmanas
and hsatríyas cnicicd inio an alliancc alici csiablisling ilc sysicm ol varnasrama.
lui in ilc sciipiuics ol ilc Manus ii is siaicd ilai ilc iwo occans wcic ilc boidcis
ol Ãiyavaiia, and ilcic aic iclcicnccs io a lcw casics, sucl as Cina, wlo cxisicd
lallway iliougl ilc Manus' icign. Tlcicloic ii is io bc concludcd ilai ilcsc
liiciaiuics wcic cxpandcd ai a laici daic. Tlc conclusion is ilai ilc wiiiing ol ilc
Manu sciipiuics was bcgun liom ilc iimc ol Manu and coniinucd up io 1176 l.C.
Oilci icligious sciipiuics wcic wiiiicn in vaiious oilci couniiics bcloic oi alici
ilis pciiod.
Alilougl ilc Pamayana is counicd as pociiy, ii can also bc callcd a lisioiy. Ii was
wiiiicn by Valmïli Rsi, wlo was a conicmpoiaiy ol Ramacandia. Wc don'i lccl
ilai ilc cuiicni Pamayana was wiiiicn by Valmïli alonc. ly considciing ilc
convcisaiion bciwccn Naiada and Valmïli and ilc icciiaiion ol ilc Pamayana in
Ramacandia's asscmbly by Luva and Kusa, ii is undcisiood ilai Valmïli composcd
many ol ilc vciscs gloiilying ilc claiaciciisiics ol Ramacandia in ilc Pamayana,
bui alici somc iimc onc sclolai claboiaicd on Valmïli's woil. I ilinl ilai ilc
picscni day Pamayana was piopagaicd alici ilc composiiion ol ilc Manabnarata,
bccausc wlilc clasiising Jabali, Ramacandia accuscd lim ol bcing polluicd by ilc
Salya plilosoply+0. Ii is lcli ilai ilc picscni day Pamayana was wiiiicn aiound
500 l.C. Ii is said ilai ilc Manabnarata was composcd by Vyasadcva, and ilcic is
no objcciion io ilis. lui ii cannoi bc acccpicd ilai ilc Vyasa wlo dividcd ilc
Vcáas and icccivcd ilc iiilc Vcdavyasa ai ilc iimc ol Yudlisiliia was ilc samc
Vyasa. Tlc icason loi ilis is ilai in ilc Manabnarata ilcic aic dcsciipiions ol
lings sucl as Janmcjaya, wlo iulcd alici Yudlisiliia. Tlcic aic spccilic iclcicnccs
aboui ilc Manu sciipiuics in ilc Manabnarata, ilcicloic ilc picscni day
Manabnarata musi lavc bccn wiiiicn somc iimc alici 1000 l.C+1. Iiom ilis ii
appcais ilai Vcdavyasa liisi madc a diali ol ilc Manabnarata, and laici on anoilci
Vyasa claboiaicd on ii and picscnicd ilai undci ilc namc ol Manabnarata. Onc
lcaincd sclolai liom ilc suára communiiy namcd Lomalaisana icciicd
Manabnarata bcloic ilc sagcs ai Naimisaianya. Pcilaps lc cicaicd ilc picscni day
Manabnarata, bccausc duiing lis iimc ilc oiiginal 2,+00 vciscs ilai wcic wiiiicn
by Vyasadcva wcic cxpandcd io 100,000 vciscs. Now wc lavc io considci wlcn
Lomalaisana livcd. Ii is siaicd ilai lc was lillcd by laladcva. Iiom ilis incidcni ii
is io bc undcisiood ilai il onc bccomcs a lcaincd dcvoicc, lc slould bc icspccicd
as a branmana cvcn il lc is a suára. Tlc Vaisnava communiiy ol ilai iimc cicaicd
ilis incidcni in oidci io conliim ilis siaicmcni. Aciually ilai asscmbly gailcicd
long alici ilc iimc ol laladcva. Tlc Lomalaisana wlo is said io bc Vyasadcva's
disciplc may noi lavc cvcn bccn ilc spcalci ol ilai asscmbly. Maybc
Lomalaisana, ilc disciplc ol Vyasadcva, was lillcd wlilc spcaling on Vcdic
lisioiy duiing ilc iimc ol laladcva. Mucl laici, cvcn alici ilc convcisaiion
bciwccn Janmcjaya and Vaisampayana, a pcison namcd Sauii icciicd Manabnarata.
Tlc picvious incidcni was ilcn connccicd io ilai icciiaiion in ilc couisc ol iimc.
Sincc ilcic is no spccial mcniion ol luddla in ilc Manabnarata ii is undcisiood
ilai Manabnarata was icciicd by Sauii+2 bcloic ilc icign ol Ajaiasaiiu and alici
ilc icign ol liladiaila's dcsccndanis. Il wc siudy ilc dcsciipiions ol
Naimisaianya, ilcn wc comc io lnow ilai wlcn ilc pcacclul rsís saw ilc cnd ol
ilc Candia and Suiya dynasiics, ilcy lcli unpioiccicd duc io ilc abscncc ol
hsatríyas. Tlcicloic ilcy wcni io ilc sccludcd Naimisaianya and passcd ilcii livcs
discussing ilc sciipiuics. Tlcic is onc moic bclicl aboui ilc asscmbly ol
Naimisaianya. Ioi somc iimc alici ilc baiilc ol Kuiulsciia and bcloic ilc
coionaiion ol King Nandivaidlana ilc Vaisnava icligion was vciy piomincni. Tlc
main conclusion ol ilc Vaisnavas is ilai cvciy living cniiiy las a iigli io culiivaic
spiiiiual lilc. lui accoiding io ilc opinion ol ilc branmanas, pcisons ol casics
oilci ilan branmana aic incligiblc loi libciaiion. Sobci pcisons ol oilci casics may
bc boin again as branmanas io cndcavoi loi libciaiion. lccausc ol ilcsc iwo
conlliciing opinions, ilc Vaisnavas liglly icgaidcd ilc sclolais ol Suia Gosvamï's
linc and ilus csiablislcd ilcm ai Naimisaianya as supciioi io ilc branmanas.
Somc ol ilc branmanas ilcic wlo wcic lcss qualilicd and coniiollcd by wcalil also
acccpicd ilc sclolais ol Suia's linc as supciioi. Tlosc lcss qualilicd branmanas
dclicd ilc dociiincs ol harma-hanáa and acccpicd Suia as ilcii spiiiiual masici.
Tlcy iool slclici ol Vaisnava icligious piinciplcs, wlicl aic ilc only mcans ol
ciossing ilc inllucncc ol Kali, ilc abodc ol sin+3. Anyway, ilai asscmbly gailcicd
long alici ilc baiilc ol Kuiulsciia. Tlcic is no doubi aboui ilis.
Tlc Darsana-sastras, plilosoplical sciipiuics, wcic compilcd a sloii iimc alici ilc
compilaiion ol ilc Manabnarata. Tlcic aic six piomincni plilosoplical sysicms
cuiicni in India-Nyaya, oi logic; Sanllya; Paianjala, oi yoga; Kanada, oi
Vaiscsila; Puiva-mïmamsa, oi Kaima-mïmamsa; and Uiiaia-mïmamsa, oi Vcdania.
All ilcsc plilosoplical sysicms wcic iniioduccd alici luddlism. Tlc rsís wlo
piopoundcd ilcsc sysicms liisi composcd ilcsc plilosoplics in sutras. Tlc Vcdic
sutras wcic compilcd io laciliiaic casy icmcmbiancc, bui ilis was noi ilc casc wiil
ilc sutras ol ilcsc plilosoplical sysicms. Wlcn ilc branmanas wcic aiiaclcd by
ilc migliy luddlisi plilosoply, ilcy liisi compilcd ilc Lpanísaás, wlicl aic ilc
pinnaclc ol Vcdic liiciaiuic, and ilus siicngilcncd ilcii dociiinc wiil logic and
aigumcni. Tlc luddlisis giadually picscnicd many plilosoplical sysicms sucl as
Saugaia, Madlyamila, and Yogacaia. Soon aliciwaids ilcy cnicicd inio inicnsc
dcbaic wiil ilc branmanas. Tlc branmanas ilcn iniioduccd ilcii six plilosoplical
sysicms, bcginning wiil Nyaya and Sanllya, lccping ilcm in ilc loim ol sutras
and passing ilcm on only io ilcii disciplcs. Duiing ilc iimc ol Ramacandia somc
Vcdic logic in ilc loim ol Ãnvilsïlï was composcd by Gauiama Rsi and was
cuiicni ai ilai iimc. Accoiding io ilcii nccds, ilc branmanas composcd ilc
picscni sysicm ol Nyaya undci Gauiama's namc and subsiiiuicd ii loi ilc picvious
sysicm. In Gauiama's sutras ilcic is a icndcncy io counici ilc Saugaia
plilosoply++. Tlc sciipiuics ol Kanada comc undci ilc caicgoiy ol Nyaya
sciipiuics. In ilc sysicm ol Sanllya ilcic aic also many siaicmcnis againsi
luddlism. Tlc sysicm ol Paianjala lalls undci ilc caicgoiy ol Sanllya. Tlc Puiva-
mïmamsa piopoundcd by Jaimini suppoiis ilc harma-hanáa sysicm ilai was
icjccicd by ilc luddlisis. Alilougl Vcdania sciipiuics aic ilc mosi icccni, ilcy
lavc bccn acccpicd as anoilci loim ol Ãnvilsïlï, sincc ilcy aic bascd on ilc
Lpanísaás. Tlcicloic all plilosoplical sciipiuics wcic wiiiicn in ilc S00 ycais
bciwccn +00 l.C. io +00 A.D.
Tlc Puranas wcic compilcd alici ilc Darsana-sastras, oi plilosoplical sciipiuics.
Tlc Puranas ilai aic mcniioncd in ilc Manabnarata and Prnaá-aranyaha Lpanísaá
aic composcd ol Vcdic sioiics. Tlcic aic cigliccn in all. Tlc Marhcnácya Purana is
ilc oldcsi, bccausc ilcic is no mcniion ol luiuic lings in ii. Tlc Marhcnácya
Purana coniains cxplanaiions ol ilc Dnarma-sastras, gloiilicaiions ol ilc sun-god
and goddcss Duiga, and climinaiion ol doubis icgaiding ilc Manabnarata. Tlc
sioiy ol King Suiaila ol ilc Caiiia dynasiy is also givcn. Iiom ilis ii is undcisiood
ilai ilc Marhcnácya Purana may lavc bccn wiiiicn alici ilc lings ol ilc Ciiianaga
dynasiy ol Cloianagapuia wcic dclcaicd by ilc Kolas ¦Clolas]. Tlis is conliimcd
by ilc woid hoIavíávamsínan. Ai ilai iimc ilc branmanas and hsatríyas cicaicd by
Paiasuiama wcic vciy piomincni in India. Tlcicloic ii las bccn concludcd ilai
ilis Purana was wiiiicn alici 500 A.D. Among ilc oilci Puranas, ilc Vísnu Purana
is ilc mosi icspccicd. Ii was compilcd jusi alici ilc Marhcnácya Purana. Tlcic is
no doubi ilai ilc Vísnu Purana was composcd by a Souil Indian sclolai bccausc ii
is siaicd ilcicin ilai pcoplc slould bcgin ilcii mcal wiil iasiy picpaiaiions and
linisl wiil biiici picpaiaiions. Tlis piaciicc is cuiicni in Souil India. Tlc auiloi
ol ilc Vísnu Purana las mcniioncd in lis bool ilc paiiiculai sysicm ol caiing
lound in lis own piovincc. Tlc Ãiyans, lowcvci, aic swccis ai ilc cnd ol ilcii
mcal. Tlc Vísnu Purana was wiiiicn aboui 600 A.D. Oilci Puranas lilc ilc Paáma
and Shanáa Puranas wcic wiiiicn aiound S00 A.D., bccausc ilosc Puranas coniain
discussions ol modcin plilosoplics+5. Tlcsc Puranas wcic wiiiicn alici
Sanlaiacaiya picaclcd lis plilosoply ol aávaíta-vaáa, oi monism. In lis
commcniaiy, lc quoics vciscs liom ilc Vísnu Purana, so ii is bclicvcd ilai Vísnu
Purana was wiiiicn bcloic lis iimc.
Now wc will considci ilc modcin sclolais vicw on ilc daic ol ilc appcaiancc ol
Srimaá Pnagavatam, ilc jcwcl ol all sciipiuics. Noi undcisianding oui siaicmcnis,
iliid-giadc pcoplc may losc all laiil and considci ilis sciipiuic a icccni woil.
Tlcicloic ilcy slould noi icad ilis scciion. Aciually Srimaá Pnagavatam is noi a
icccni bool. Ii is cicinal and ancicni lilc ilc Vcáas. Rcspccicd Siïdlaia Svamï las
conliimcd ilc cicinaliiy ol ilc Pnagavatam by using ilc woids taranhuran sajjanín.
Srimaá Pnagavatam las bccn acccpicd as ilc supicmc liuii ol ilc Vcdic dcsiic
iicc+6. Iiom pranava (om) camc Gayaiiï, liom Gayaiiï camc ilc Vcáas, liom ilc
Vcáas camc ilc Pranma-sutras, and liom ilc Pranma-sutras camc Srimaá
Pnagavatam. Tlis Paramanamsa-samníta consisis ol inconccivablc iopics in
iclaiion wiil ilc Supicmc Tiuil ilai lavc biiglily iiscn in ilc loim ol a sat-cíá-
ananáa sun alici bcing icllccicd iliougl ilc samaání ol ilc auiloi. Tlosc wlo
lavc cycs slould scc, ilosc wlo lavc cais slould lcai, and ilosc wlo lavc a
mind slould mcdiiaic on ilc iopics ol Srimaá Pnagavatam. Pcoplc wlo aic
inlccicd by ilc blindncss ol paiiialiiy aic dcpiivcd ol ilc swcci iasic ol Srimaá
Pnagavatam. Lci ilc supicmcly conscious Loid bc mcicilul by dcsiioying ilcii
blindncss.
Srimaá Pnagavatam las no biiil bccausc ii is cicinal, wiiloui bcginning oi cnd.
Ncvciilclcss ii is cxiicmcly dcsiiablc io ascciiain wlcn, wlcic, and by wlom ilis
liiciaiuic was manilcsicd accoiding io modcin opinion. Modcin sclolais lavc
concludcd ilai Vyasadcva wioic Srimaá Pnagavatam on ilc banl ol ilc Saiasvaiï
Rivci undci ilc insiiuciions ol Naiada Muni, ilc lnowci ol ilc iiuil. lcing
dissaiislicd alici wiiiing ilc sciipiuics, Vyasadcva picscnicd ilc Srimaá
Pnagavatam alici visualizing ilc Absoluic Tiuil iliougl samaání. Hc picscnicd
Srimaá Pnagavatam loi ilc bcnclii ol iliid-class pcoplc, wlo aic unablc io
undcisiand ilc dccp mcaning ol a subjcci. Tlosc gicai pcisonaliiics wlo wioic ilc
sciipiuics wcic all lnown as Vyasas, and ilcy wcic all icspccicd by pcoplc in
gcncial. In ilis icgaid, ilc iiilc Vyasa indicaics all Vyasas, bcginning liom
Vcdavyasa up io ilc Vyasa wlo wioic Srimaá Pnagavatam. Wlcn lc was unablc io
ascciiain ilc Absoluic Tiuil alici siudying all ilc sciipiuics, ilcn Vyasadcva, wlo
is cxpcii in ilc spiiiiual scicncc, wiildicw lis mind and spcccl liom ilosc
liiciaiuics, icalizcd ilc Tiuil iliougl samaání, and ilcn wioic ilc Srimaá
Pnagavatam. Tlc modcin sclolais also say ilai Srimaá Pnagavatam appcaicd in
Diavida-dcsa (Souil India) aboui 1,000 ycais ago. Tlc living cniiiy las a naiuial
inclinaiion loi bcing aiiaclcd io lis naiivc placc. Tlcicloic cvcn gicai
pcisonaliiics lavc ilis inclinaiion io somc cxicni. Duc io ilc gloiilicaiion lound in
ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam ol Diavida-dcsa, wlicl is noi vciy ancicni, ii appcais ilai
Vyasadcva was a naiivc ol ilai placc+7. Il ilc gloiics ol Diavida-dcsa wcic
mcniioncd in oilci sciipiuics, ilcn wc would lavc no iigli io givc ilis
conclusion. Oui conclusion is luiilci conliimcd by ilc mcniion ol a vciy icccni
loly placc in ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam+S. Ii is siaicd in ilc Vcnhata-manatmya,
wlicl is populai in ilc Souil, ilai Vcnlaia-iïiila was csiablislcd wlcn
Lalsmïdcvï wcni io Kolapuia liom Clola. Kolapuia is siiuaicd io ilc souil ol
Saiaia. Tlc Clalulya lings dclcaicd ilc Clolas in ilc cigli ccniuiy and
csiablislcd a laigc lingdom in ilai piovincc. Tlcicloic Lalsmï wcni io Kolapuia
and Vcnlaia was csiablislcd ai ilai iimc. Ioi ilis icason, ilcy do noi lcsiiaic io
acccpi ilai Srimaá Pnagavatam was wiiiicn in ilc ninil ccniuiy. Sailalopa,
Yamunacaiya, and Ramanujacaiya vigoiously picaclcd Vaisnavism in ilc icnil
ccniuiy. Tlcy wcic also liom Diavida-dcsa. Tlcy all liglly icspccicd Srimaá
Pnagavatam, so wc cannoi acccpi ilai Srimaá Pnagavatam was wiiiicn alici ilc
ninil ccniuiy. Iuiilcimoic, wlcn Siïdlaia Svamï wioic lis commcniaiy on ilc
Srimaá Pnagavatam in ilc clcvcnil ccniuiy, ilcic wcic alicady a lcw
commcniaiics lilc Hanumaá-bnasya availablc. So ilcic is no nccd io luiilci
considci ilis maiici. I lavc noi lound a mcans ol dcicimining ilc lamily namc ol
ilc auiloi ol Srimaá Pnagavatam. Wlocvci lc may bc, wc aic giaiclul, and wiil
awc and icvcicncc wc acccpi ilai gicai pcisonaliiy, Vyasadcva, as ilc spiiiiual
masici ol ilc swanlilc pcoplc.+9
So lai I lavc dcsciibcd ilc modcin opinion on ilc daiing ol ilc sciipiuics ilai wc
aic conccincd wiil. Tlcic is no nccd io analyzc all ilc sciipiuics ol ilc Ãiyans.
Tlcic wcic many oilci ancicni sciipiuics siudicd by ilc Ãiyans. Alici considciing
ilc vicws ol Playlaii Salib, Malaima Aicldilan Piai Salib las dccidcd ilai
asiiology was cuiicni in Ãiyavaiia 1000 ycais bcloic ilc bcginning ol Kali-yuga.
Piioi io ilai ilc Vcáas cxisicd in ilc loim ol srutí, oi lcaiing. Willoid Salib las
dcicimincd ilai ilc Vcdic asiiologci Paiasaia Rsi wioic lis asiiology bool in 1391
l.C. Accoiding io ilc opinion ol Davis Salib, ilis is conliimcd in a vcisc ol ilc
Atnarva Vcáa. lui ilc possibiliiy ilai ilis vcisc on asiiology in ilc Atnarva Vcáa
was laici addcd on was noi considcicd by Willoid Salib. Accoiding io oui
opinion, Aicldilan Piai's calculaiion is moic acccpiablc, bccausc ilc siais namcd
alici ilc scvcn rsís wcic oiiginally namcd alici ilc Piajapaiis. Sincc ilcic was no
wiiiicn languagc ai ilai iimc, asiiology was cxpicsscd iliougl vaiious signs. In
ilis way, mcdicinc, in ilc loim ol ayuivcda, was piaciiccd sincc vciy ancicni
iimcs. Il wc considci all ilcsc ilings, ilis bool will bccomc voluminous, so wc
siop lcic. Wc lavc dcsciibcd ilc vaiious bools ilai diiccily and indiiccily cxplain
ilc spiiiiual scicncc in ilc lollowing claii.
Namc ol sciipiuic Timc pciiod wlcn picaclcd
1 Pranava ¦om]. Hcaiing liisi codcs
ol srutís
Duiing Piajapaiis' icign
2 Hcaiing ilc complcic srutí and
Gayatri
Duiing Manus' dcmigods' and paii ol
Vaivasvaia's icign
3 Sauiia's srutís In ilc bcginning ol Vaivasvaia's icign
+ Manu's smrtís Duiing ilc sccond lall ol Vaivasvaia's icign
5 Hisioiics Duiing ilc sccond lall ol Vaivasvaia's icign
6 Plilosoplical sciipiuics Duiing ilc Ouicasics' icign
7 Puranas and Satvata 1antras Duiing ilc icign ol ilc branmanas and hsatríyas
cicaicd by Paiasuiama
S 1antras Duiing ilc icign ol ilc Molammcdans
Wc lavc ilus dcsciibcd ilc daiing ol incidcnis and sciipiuics as lai as possiblc
accoiding io modcin opinion. Swanlilc pcoplc aic noi inicicsicd in quaiicl50,
ilcicloic il somc coniiaiy conclusion is picscnicd wiil piopci aigumcni, wc will acccpi ii. Wc lopc
io lcai luiilci on ilcsc conclusions liom luiuic iiansccndcnialisis oi iniclligcni maiciialisis.
Accoiding io oui sciipiuics, ilc calculaiion ol ilc daics aic noi lilc ilis. Wc
bclicvc only ilc siaicmcnis ol ilc sciipiuics. I lavc picscnicd ilc modcin
conclusions loi ilc bcnclii ol ilc conccincd pcoplc. Accoiding io ilcm ilc
bcginning ol ilc Ãiyans' iulc in India was 6,3+1 ycais ago. Wc lavc ilus
csiablislcd ilc incompaiably long lisioiy ol India. No oilci civilizaiion can
compaic wiil ii. Ii is said ilai Lgypi, oi Misoic, is a vciy ancicni couniiy. Ii is
csiimaicd liom ilc dcsciipiions ol Mcniilo, a lisioiian liom Misoic, ilai pcoplc
siaiicd living in ilai couniiy in 3553 l.C. Tlc namc ol ilcii liisi ling was Minis.
Ii is calculaicd ilai lis iulc bcgan wlcn Haiiscandia was iuling India. Tlc siiangc
iling is ilis: Tlcic was a ling namcd Maniscandia wlo was a conicmpoiaiy ol
Haiiscandia. Ii may bc noicd low similai ilc namcs Maniscandia and Minis aic. Ii
is also said ilai King Minis camc io Lgypi liom somc casicin couniiy. Tlc gicai
pyiamid was cicaicd by ilc Suplu dynasiy. A ling namcd Hilsas liom ilc casi
aiiaclcd Lgypi aboui 2000 l.C., oi aboui iwo lundicd ycais bcloic ilc baiilc ol
Kuiulsciia. A icligion similai io varnasrama-ánarma was picviously piaciiccd in
Lgypi. Iiom ilcsc lacis ii appcais ilcic was somc lind ol conncciion bciwccn
Lgypi and India. Lci luiuic sclolais icscaicl moic aboui ilis. Accoiding io ilc
opinion ol ilc Hcbicws, ilcii lingdom was cicaicd aiound +000 l.C., piobably
liom ilc iimc ol King Siavasia. Ii is dilliculi, lowcvci, io piovc ilcsc ilings
nowadays. Wlcn ilc siiuaiion ol ilc Hcbicws and Misoic ¦Lgypi] is sucl, ilcic is
no nccd io mcniion oilci iaccs. Dcsciipiions ol incidcnis piioi io ilc iimc ol King
Minis ol Lgypi aic uncommon. Tlc 1,000 ycai lilc lisioiy ol Adam ol ilc Hcbicws
las bccomc ilc subjcci ol discussion loi ilc iliid-giadc pcoplc ol ilai couniiy.
Modcin sclolais ol India compaic lis lilc-span wiil ilc scvcniy-onc mana-yuga
lilc-span ol a Manu oi ilc 1,000 ycai lilc-span ol Dasaiaila. Swanlilc pcoplc
slould noi ilinl ilai wc aic iiying io csiablisl India as ilc oldcsi couniiy in oidci
io incicasc iis picsiigious posiiion. Sincc swanlilc Vaisnavas scc all pcoplc as
cqual, ilcy acccpi wlaicvci iiuil is subsianiiaicd icgaiding ilc agc ol ilc dillcicni
iaccs.
Tlc picvious lisioiy ol India and ilc agc ol ilc vaiious sciipiuics aic ilus
dcsciibcd accoiding io ilc modcin sclolais' opinion. Lvciyonc las a iigli io
dccidc wlcilci oi noi ilcsc slould bc acccpicd as lacis. Tlc advanccmcni ol
Vaisnavism docs noi dcpcnd on ilis iypc ol conclusion. Wc lnow ilai
Vaisnavism, ilc Vcáas, and dcvoiional sciipiuics sucl as ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam
aic cicinal. Now I will iiy io discuss ilc dcvclopmcni and advanccmcni ol
spiiiiual lnowlcdgc liom ilc iimc ol iis appcaiancc up io ilc picscni. Tlc
consiiiuiion duiy ol ilc living cniiiy is io inquiic inio ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Wc
lavc io acccpi ilai ilcsc cicinal duiics accompany ilc cicaiion ol ilc living
cniiiics51. In ilc bcginning ilcsc cicinal duiics wcic scll-manilcsicd in ilc undcvclopcd siaic ol
considciing ilc Loid and ilc living cniiiy as onc. Ai ilai iimc spccilic dillcicnccs bciwccn ilc Loid
and ilc living cniiiy lad noi yci bccn csiablislcd and ilc lnoi ol dcvoiion loi ilc Loid lad noi yci
bccn iicd52. Tlis spiiiiual pciccpiion ol oncncss bciwccn ilc Loid and ilc living cniiiy was cuiicni
loi a long iimc. lui ilc sunlilc iiuil docs noi lilc io bc covcicd loicvci by ilc cloud ol ignoiancc
and illusion. Iiom iimc io iimc ilc rsís lavc icvivcd ilc living cniiiics' consiiiuiional duiics by
iniioducing vaiious mcilods lilc saciilicc, ausiciiiy, woislip, scll-coniiol, pcacclulncss, iolciancc,
and claiiiy53. A long iimc ago pcoplc icjccicd ilc idca ol oncncss wiil ilc Loid and bcgan io
cngagc in mundanc liuiiivc aciiviiics. Ialling liom onc illusion inio anoilci appcais io bc
advanccmcni loi a pcison in illusion. lui wiilin a sloii iimc ilis illusion is dispcllcd. Wlcn ilc
Ãiyans considcicd ilc insignilicani and advcisc icsulis ol liuiiivc aciiviiics, ilcy iuincd ilcii minds
iowaids libciaiion5+. lui ilai also is simply diy and liuiilcss. Tlc iiuil cciiainly picvails, lowcvci,
cvcn il ii ialcs iimc. Laici, wlcn ilc incompaiablc iiuil appcaicd in ilc lcaiis ol ilc Ãiyans, ilc
loim ol ccsiaiic lovc bccamc clcai io ilcm55. Tlc swanlilc Vaisnavas lavc ascciiaincd ilc
lollowing subjccis icgaiding ilc living cniiiics' cicinal duiics. Tlcy may lavc clangcd in ilc couisc
ol iimc.
1. Paiamaima-ilc supciconscious sunlilc pcisonaliiy, wlo is cicinally lull ol
lnowlcdgc and bliss. Jïvaima-ilc minuicly conscious iays ol ilc supicmc sun.
2. Tlc supciconscious Loid is dillcicni liom ilc minuicly conscious living
cniiiics, wlo aic ilc supciioi cicinal cncigy ol ilc Loid. Tlc living cniiiics aic
individual, and ilcy icsidc in dillcicni cnviionmcnis accoiding io ilcii
qualilicaiion. Tlc maiciial woild is an cmanaiion liom ilc supciconscious Loid.
3. Tlc maiciial woild is a pcivciicd icllcciion ol ilc spiiiiual woild. Tlc puic bliss
ol ilc spiiiiual woild is pcivciicdly icllccicd as ilc lappincss and disiicss ol ilc
maiciial woild.
+. Tlc living cniiiics lavc no iclaiionslip wiil ilc maiciial woild. Tlc maiciial
woild is ilc icsidcncc loi only ilc condiiioncd souls. ly ilc inconccivablc cncigy
ol ilc Loid, ilc condiiioncd souls aic cncagcd in maiciial bodics. Somc aic
absoibcd in maiciial lappincss, and somc cndcavoi loi spiiiiual lappincss.
5. Tlc naiuial icndcncy loi aiiaclmcni io ilc Loid is ilc consiiiuiional duiy ol a
living cniiiy. In condiiional lilc, ilis consiiiuiional duiy is iiansloimcd inio
aiiaclmcni loi maiciial cnjoymcni. Tlis is a lamcniablc condiiion ol lilc.
6. Libciaiion mcans bcing siiuaicd in ilc consiiiuiional posiiion ol onc's
consiiiuiional duiics. Tlis is aiiaincd iliougl dcvoiional scivicc.
7. Accoiding io onc's qualilicaiion, ilc culiivaiion ol consiiiuiional duiics vaiics.
Ii may bc ciilci diicci oi indiicci.
S. Diicci culiivaiion aims ai icalizing onc's consiiiuiional posiiion; ilcic is no
possibiliiy ol oilci icsulis.
9. Indiicci culiivaiion icsulis in iiiclcvani liuiis iclaicd wiil onc's maiciial body.
10. Samaání, oi lull absoipiion in ilc Supicmc, is ilc piimaiy and diicci mcans ol
culiivaiion. Aciiviiics sucl as bodily mainicnancc ilai aic mcani io lclp aiiain
samaání aic callcd piimaiy indiicci culiivaiion.
11. Ii is ilc living cniiiy's cicinal duiy io culiivaic Kisna consciousncss lollowing
in ilc mood ol ilc icsidcnis ol Viaja iliougl samaání, bccausc ilis is ilc mosi
dcsiiablc goal.
12. Tlc mosi gloiious aciiviiy ol a living cniiiy is io cngagc accoiding io onc's
qualilicaiion in discussions ol ilc conjugal mcllows cnjoycd by Kisna, ilc
pcisonilicaiion ol swccincss.
Among ilcsc iwclvc iicms, ilc liisi loui conccin ilc living cniiiy's iclaiionslip
wiil ilc Loid. Iicms livc io icn conccin ilc living cniiiy's duiics, and ilc lasi iwo
conccin ilc supicmc goal.
Duiing ilc icigns ol ilc Piajapaiis, Manus, and dcmigods, ilc scicncc ol onc's
iclaiionslip wiil ilc Loid icmaincd in ilc loim ol a sccd. Tlcy only considcicd
ilai ilcic was a woislipablc pcisonaliiy wlo slould bc lcpi lappy. Tlis is
undcisiood liom ilc pranava and Gayaiiï maniias. Ai ilai iimc ilcic was somc
dcbaic bciwccn laimis and jnanis ovci ilc duiics ol ilc living cniiiics. A lcw
pcisonaliiics lilc Sanala and Sanaiana complcicly ncglccicd pravrttí-marga, ilc
pail ol incicasing maiciial piospciiiy, wlilc ilc Piajapaiis, Manus, and dcmigods
lilc India dcsiicd io saiisly Haii by advancing in maiciial piospciiiy iliougl ilc
pciloimancc ol saciiliccs. As a icsuli, ilc ilougli ol lcavcn and lcll cnicicd ilcii
minds. Ai ilai iimc ilc puic siaic ol ilc living cniiiics, ilc scaicl loi libciaiion,
and, uliimaicly, lovc ol God wcic unlnown. In ilc laici paii ol Vaivasvaia Manu's
icign, wlcn ilc smrtís and lisioiics wcic iniioduccd, pcoplc bcgan considciing ilc
scicncc ol scll-icalizaiion and ilc goal ol lilc56. lui ii docs noi appcai ilai ilcic
was any piogicss madc iowaids ilc goal ol lilc. Duiing ilc icign ol ilc Ouicasics
and ilc branmanas and hsatríyas cicaicd by Paiasuiama ilcic was paiiiculai
advanccmcni madc in undcisianding onc's iclaiionslip wiil ilc Loid, ilc
aciiviiics in culiivaiing ilai iclaiionslip, and ilc aiiainmcni ol lilc's goal, as lound
in ilc Puranas and plilosoplical sciipiuics57. Tlc complcic discussion ol ilcsc
ilicc iiuils is lound in ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam, and ilc conclusions aic clcaily
picscnicd. lui ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam is lilc an occan, and ii is cxiicmcly dilliculi
loi a maányama-aáníhari io ascciiain wlai paii coniains wlicl jcwcls. Alici
considciing ilis, ilc mosi mcicilul disciplc ol Sailalopa, Siï Ramanujacaiya,
compilcd ilc csscniial iiuils ol Vaisnavism loi ilc liisi iimc. Somc iimc bcloic
ilai, Siï Sanlaiacaiya wioic a commcniaiy on ilc Vcáanta-sutras and ilus
cxicndcd ilc culiivaiion ol lnowlcdgc so lai ilai llaliidcvï5S bccamc suipiiscd
and lull ol anxiciy. Slc lid lciscll wiilin ilc coic ol ilc dcvoiccs' lcaiis. Wc
cannoi blamc Sanlaiacaiya, loi lc was a dcvoicc ol ilc Loid and bcnclacioi ol all.
Wc ilcicloic ollci oui obcisanccs unio lim. Hc lad a icason io cngagc in sucl
woil ai ilai paiiiculai iimc. Lvciyonc lnows ilai aboui 500 l.C. a gicai soul
namcd Gauiama iool biiil in ilc lamily ol Salas in ilc villagc ol Kapilavasiu. Hc
picaclcd ilc piinciplcs ol jnana-hanáa so vigoiously ilai ilc icligious piinciplcs
ol varnasrama-ánarma csiablislcd by ilc Ãiyans wcic almosi dcsiioycd. Tlc
luddlisi plilosoply ilai lc picaclcd bccamc lilc a iloin in ilc sidc loi all ilc
Ãiyans' ancicni piaciiccs. Wiil ilc lclp ol Kanisla, Havisla, and Vasudcva ol ilc
Sidia dynasiy, luddlism giadually ciosscd Punjab and cxicndcd io vaiious
couniiics lilc Clina, Taiaia, and Tiivaiia, wlicl aic siiuaicd noiil ol ilc
Himalayas. In ilc Souil, King Asolavaidlana vigoiously picaclcd luddlism in
lialma-dcsa and Siï Lanla. Undci ilc paiionagc ol Asolavaidlana, luddlism
was giadually spicad iliougloui India by ilc disciplcs ol Saiïpuiia, Modgalayana,
Kasyapa, and Ãnanda. Tlc loly placcs ol ilc Ãiyans wcic convciicd inio loly
placcs loi luddlisis. All signs ol bialminical culiuic piaciically disappcaicd. In
ilc scvcnil ccniuiy, wlcn ilis disasici was no longci iolciablc, ilc branmanas
bccamc vciy angiy and conspiicd iogcilci io dcsiioy luddlism. Ai ilai iimc, by
piovidcncc, ilc mosi lcaincd and iniclligcni Sanlaiacaiya bccamc ilc commandci-
in-clicl ol ilc branmanas in Kasï. ly discussing lis aciiviiics, ii appcais lc was an
incainaiion ol Paiasuiama. Tlcic aic many dillciing opinions icgaiding lis biiil.
His branmana lollowcis acccpi lim as ilc son ol Maladcva. Aciually lis widow
moilci was liom Diavida-dcsa, bui slc movcd io Kasï oui ol a dcsiic io livc in ilai
loly placc. Swanlilc pcisons do noi caic aboui laulis pciiaining io a pcison's
biiil, bccausc a pcison's gicaincss is judgcd accoiding io lis advanccmcni in
Vaisnavism. Naiada, Vyasa, Jcsus, and Sanlaia lavc all bccomc icspccicd
iliougloui ilc woild by ilc qualiiics ol ilcii woil. Tlcic is no aigumcni. lui I
lavc mcniioncd Sanlaiacaiya ai ilis iimc io illusiiaic a poini. Tlai is, liom ilc
scvcnil ccniuiy, lccn and powcilul iniclligcncc was lound among ilc pcoplc ol
Souil India, and nowlcic clsc. Iiom ilai iimc on, Sanlaiacaiya, Sailalopa,
Yamunacaiya, Ramanuja, Visnusvamï, Madlvacaiya, and many oilci gicai lcaincd
sclolais appcaicd as slining siais in ilc souilcin sly. Sanlaiacaiya was noi
saiislicd wiil lis branmana lollowcis, so lc iniioduccd icn iypcs ol sannyasis, sucl
as Giii, Puiï, and llaiaiï. Wiil ilc lclp ol ilcsc sannyasis' plysical and mcnial
siicngil, Sanlaiacaiya convciicd ilc branmanas wlo wcic aiiaclcd io liuiiivc
aciiviiics and picpaicd limscll loi vanquisling ilc luddlisis. Wlcicvci lc lailcd
io convcii ilc luddlisis io lis plilosoply, lc cngagcd Nagas, nalcd sannyasis,
wlo iool ilc lclp ol wcapons sucl as spcais. Uliimaicly lc wioic a commcniaiy
on Vcdania, and ilus lc combincd ilc harma-hanáa ol ilc branmanas wiil ilc
jnana-hanáa ol ilc luddlisis. In ilis way lc uniicd boil gioups. Alici ilai, all ilc
luddlisi icmplcs and dciiics wcic convciicd inio Vcdic. Oui ol lcai ol bcing
bcaicn, as wcll as by icalizing ilc insignilicancc ol ilcii icligious piaciiccs, ilc
luddlisis lclplcssly acccpicd ilc auiloiiiy ol ilc branmanas. Tlosc luddlisis
wlo laicd bcing convciicd iool ilc icmnanis ol ilcii culi and llcd io Siï Lanla
and lialma-dcsa (luima). Tlc old luddlisis iool Loid luddla's iooil and wcni
io Siï Lanla liom Jagannaila Puiï. Tlcy lcli luddla, lis icaclings, and lis
associaiion in Jagannaila Puiï. Laici ilcsc ilicc wcic idcniilicd as Jagannaila,
laladcva, and Subladia. In ilc lilil ccniuiy a sclolai liom Clina namcd Plaliyan
visiicd Jagannaila Puiï and joylully wioic ilai luddlism was picscni ilcic in a
puic siaic and ilcic was no ioiiuic by ilc branmanas. Alici ilis incidcni, in ilc
scvcnil ccniuiy, anoilci Clincsc sclolai namcd Huycnsam wcni io Jagannaila
Puiï and wioic ilai ilc iooil ol Loid luddla lad bccn ialcn io Siï Lanla and ilc
branmanas lad ioially polluicd Puiï. Wlcn wc discuss ilcsc incidcnis, ilc
aciiviiics ol Sanlaiacaiya appcai asionisling. Sanlaiacaiya las, io somc cxicni,
donc a lavoi io India by cviciing luddlism. Hc lclpcd siop ilc giadual
dciciioiaiion ol ilc ancicni Ãiyan communiiy. In paiiiculai, lc clangcd ilc
couisc ol ilc Ãiyans' mcnialiiy by iniioducing a ncw mcilod ol ilougli on ilcii
sciipiuics. Hc cvcn inspiicd in ilcm an uigc io considci ncw subjccis wiil ilcii
iniclligcncc. Tlc llowci ol dcvoiion in ilc dcvoiccs' lcaiis bccamc unsicady as ii
lloaicd in ilc cuiicni ol Sanlaiacaiya's aigumcnis. lascd on ilc siicngil ol
Sanlaiacaiya's plilosoply, Ramanujacaiya, by ilc mcicy ol ilc Loid, wioic a
commcniaiy ilai dillcicd liom Sariraha-bnasya. Tlus ilc siicngil and piospciiiy
ol Vaisnavism again incicascd. Wiilin a sloii iimc Visnusvamï, Nimbaila, and
Madlvacaiya all iniioduccd sligli vaiiaiions ol ilc Vaisnava piinciplcs by
picscniing ilcii own commcniaiics on Vcdania. lui ilcy all lollowcd ilc looisicps
ol Sanlaiacaiya. Lilc Sanlaiacaiya, ilcy all wioic commcniaiics on ilc Pnagavaá-
gita, Vísnu-sanasra-nama, and ilc Lpanísaás. Ai ilai iimc a ilougli aiosc in ilc
lcaiis ol pcoplc, ilai in oidci io csiablisl a sampraáaya onc musi lavc
commcniaiics on ilc loui abovc-mcniioncd woils. Iiom ilcsc loui Vaisnavas, ilc
loui Vaisnava sampraáayas, sucl as ilc Siï-sampiadaya, lavc bccn iniioduccd.
Among ilc picviously mcniioncd iwclvc iiuils, ilc liisi icn wcic paiiiculaily
acccpicd by ilc loui sampraáayas. Tlc lasi iwo iiuils wcic acccpicd io somc
cxicni by ilc Madlva, Nimbaila, and Visnusvamï sampraáayas.
Siï Caiianya Malapiablu appcaicd in Navadvïpa in 1+S6. In ilc bcginning ol His
lilc, Hc icmaincd ai lomc. Laici Hc acccpicd ilc icnounccd oidci ol lilc and
picaclcd lnowlcdgc ol ilc lasi iwo iicms. Wlcic is ilc doubi ilai ilc land ol
lcngal is iaicly aiiaincd cvcn by ilc dcmigods' Wlo docs noi lnow ilai ilc son
ol Sacï, wlo is supicmcly woislipablc by Vaisnavas, dcsccndcd in ilc land ol
lcngal and disiiibuicd maicllcss wcalil io onc and all' Ioiiunaicly wc wcic boin
in ilai couniiy. All Vaisnavas wlo aic boin in ilai land in ilc luiuic will considci
ilcmsclvcs loiiunaic lilc us.
Siï Caiianya Malapiablu, wiil ilc lclp ol Niiyananda and Advaiia, clcaily
cxplaincd ilc iiuil icgaiding onc's iclaiionslip wiil ilc Loid. Hc clcaily
cxplaincd ilc iiuils ol ilc living cniiiics' iclaiionslip wiil ilc Loid iliougl
Rupa, Sanaiana, Jïva, Gopala llaiia, ilc iwo Raglunailas, Ramananda Raya,
Svaiupa Damodaia, and Saivablauma llaiiacaiya. Hc consolidaicd ilc pioccss ol
aciing in ilai iclaiionslip by csiablisling ilc supicmacy ol pciloiming hirtana.
Rcgaiding ilc uliimaic goal ol lilc, Hc ascciiaincd ilc simplc mcans ol iclisling
ilc mcllows ol Viaja.
Il ilc icadcis caiclully considci, ilcy will lind ilai ilc spiiiiual scicncc giadually
cvolvcd liom ancicni iimcs and bccamc moic simplc, moic clcai, and moic
condcnscd. Tlc moic impuiiiics aiising liom iimc and placc aic icmovcd, ilc
moic ilc bcauiics ol spiiiiual scicncc biiglily slinc bcloic us. Tlis spiiiiual
scicncc iool biiil in ilc land ol husa giass on ilc banls ol ilc Saiasvaiï Rivci in
lialmavaiia. As ii giadually gaincd siicngil, ilis spiiiiual scicncc spcni iis
clildlood in ilc abodc ol ladaiilasiama, wlicl is covcicd wiil snow. Ii spcni iis
boylood in Naimisaianya on ilc banls ol ilc Gomaiï Rivci and iis youil on ilc
bcauiilul banls ol ilc Kavciï Rivci in ilc piovincc ol Diavida. Tlc spiiiiual
scicncc aiiaincd maiuiiiy in Navadvïpa, on ilc banls ol ilc Gangcs, wlicl puiilics
ilc univcisc.
ly siudying ilc lisioiy ol ilc woild, ii is lound ilai ilc spiiiiual scicncc icaclcd
iis pcal in Navadvïpa. Tlc Supicmc Absoluic Tiuil is ilc only objcci ol lovc loi
ilc living cniiiics. Unlcss onc woislips Him wiil aiiaclmcni, lowcvci, ilc living
cniiiy can ncvci aiiain Him. Lvcn il a pcison givcs up all allcciion loi ilis woild
and ilinls ol ilc Supicmc Loid, Hc is siill noi casily aclicvcd. Hc is coniiollcd
and aiiaincd by iiansccndcnial mcllows alonc59. Tlosc mcllows aic ol livc iypcs-
santa, áasya, sahnya, vatsaIya, and maánurya. Tlc liisi mcllow, santa, is ilc siagc
in wlicl ilc living cniiiy suipasscs ilc pains ol maiciial cxisicncc and siiuaics
limscll in iiansccndcncc. In ilai siaic ilcic is a liiilc lappincss, bui no lccling ol
indcpcndcncc. Ai ilai iimc ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn ilc piaciiiionci and ilc Loid
is noi yci csiablislcd. Dasya-rasa is ilc sccond mcllow. Ii coniains all ilc
ingicdicnis ol santa-rasa as wcll as allcciion. Tlc Loid is my masici, and I am His
cicinal scivani.` Tlis iypc ol iclaiionslip is lound in áasya-rasa. No onc will caic
mucl loi any ol ilc bcsi ilings ol ilis woild unlcss ilcy aic connccicd wiil
allcciion. Tlcicloic áasya-rasa is bciici ilan santa-rasa in many ways. Jusi as
áasya is bciici ilan santa, lnow loi cciiain ilai sahnya is supciioi io áasya. In
áasya-rasa ilcic is a iloin in ilc loim ol awc and icvcicncc, bui ilc main
oinamcni in sahnya-rasa is ilc lccling ol liicndslip in cqualiiy. Among ilc
scivanis, anyonc wlo is a liicnd is supciioi. Tlcic is no doubi aboui ii. In sahnya-
rasa all ilc wcalil ol santa and áasya is includcd. Jusi as sahnya is supciioi io
áasya, similaily vatsaIya is supciioi io sahnya. Tlis is casily undcisiood. Among all
ilc liicnds, ilc son is moic dcai and ilc souicc ol moic lappincss. In vatsaIya-
rasa ilc wcalil ol loui rasas, bcginning wiil santa, is lound. Alilougl vatsaIya-
rasa is supciioi io ilcsc oilci rasas, ii appcais insignilicani bcloic maánurya-rasa.
Tlcic may bc many sccicis unlnown bciwccn lailci and son, bui ilis is noi ilc
casc bciwccn wilc and lusband. Tlcicloic il wc dccply considci, ii will bc sccn
ilai all ilc abovc-mcniioncd rasas aic sccn in pcilcciion wiilin maánurya-rasa.
Il wc go iliougl ilc lisioiics ol ilcsc livc rasas, ii is clcaily bclicvcd ilai santa-
rasa was sccn in ilc bcginning days ol India. Wlcn ilc soul was noi saiislicd alici
pciloiming saciiliccs wiil maiciial ingicdicnis, ilcn iiansccndcnialisis lilc
Sanala, Sanaiana, Sanai-lumaia, Sananda, Naiada, and Maladcva all bccamc
dciaclcd liom ilc maiciial woild, siiuaicd in iiansccndcncc, and icalizcd santa-
rasa. Mucl laici, áasya-rasa manilcsicd in Hanuman, ilc lcadci ol ilc monlcys.
Tlai áasya-rasa giadually cxpandcd io ilc noiilwcsi and manilcsicd in a gicai
pcisonaliiy namcd Moscs. Long alici Hanuman, ilc lcadci ol ilc monlcys,
Uddlava and Aijuna bccamc ilc qualilicd auiloiiiics ol sahnya-rasa. Tlcy
picaclcd aboui ilis rasa iliougloui ilc woild. Giadually ilai rasa cxpandcd up
io ilc Aiabian couniiics and iouclcd ilc lcaii ol Molammcd, ilc lnowci ol
icligious piinciplcs. VatsaIya-rasa manilcsicd iliougloui India in dillcicni loims
ai dillcicni iimcs. Among ilc dillcicni loims, vatsaIya mixcd wiil opulcncc
ciosscd India and appcaicd in a gicai pcisonaliiy namcd Jcsus Cliisi, wlo was a
picaclci ol Jcwisl icligious piinciplcs. Maánurya-rasa liisi slonc biiglily in
Viaja. Ii is cxiicmcly iaic loi ilis rasa io cnici ilc lcaiis ol condiiioncd souls,
bccausc ilis rasa icnds io icmain wiil qualilicd, puic living cniiiics. Navadvïpa-
candia, Siï Sacï-lumaia, picaclcd ilis sccici rasa along wiil His lollowcis. Tlis
rasa las noi ciosscd bcyond India as yci. A sloii wlilc ago a sclolai liom Lngland
namcd Ncwman icalizcd somciling aboui ilis rasa and wioic a bool aboui ii. Tlc
pcoplc ol Luiopc and Amciica lavc noi bccn saiislicd wiil vatsaIya-rasa mixcd
wiil opulcncc, as picaclcd by Jcsus Cliisi. I lopc, by ilc giacc ol ilc Loid, in a
vciy sloii iimc ilcy will bccomc aiiaclcd io diinling ilc inioxicaiing ncciai ol
maánurya-rasa. Ii las bccn sccn ilai any rasa ilai appcais in India cvcniually
spicads io ilc wcsicin couniiics. Tlcicloic wiilin a sloii iimc maánurya-rasa will
picaclcd iliougloui ilc woild. Jusi as ilc sun iiscs liisi in India and giadually
spicads iis ligli io ilc wcsicin couniiics, ilc maicllcss slining ol spiiiiual iiuil
appcais liisi in India and giadually spicads io ilc wcsicin couniiics.
Tlc pasi compilcis ol ilc sciipiuics lavc csiablislcd ilc appiopiiaic loly namcs
io dclivci onc in ilc dillcicni agcs alici analyzing ilc pcoplcs' siagc ol
advanccmcni. Tlc loly namcs io dclivci onc in Saiya-yuga aic as lollows:
narayana-para vcáa narayana-parahsaran
narayana-para muhtír narayana-para gatín
Tlc puipoii ol ilis vcisc is ilai Loid Naiayana is ilc goal ol all scicncc, languagc,
and libciaiion, and Hc is ilc supicmc dcsiinaiion. Tlc namc ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil
mixcd wiil opulcncc is Naiayana. Tlc Supicmc Loid is lully icalizcd in ilc loim
ol Naiayana, wlo is suiioundcd by His associaics in Vailunila. Puic santa-rasa
and a liiilc áasya-rasa is lound ai ilis siagc.
rama narayanananta muhunáa maánusuáana
hrsna hcsava hamsarc narc vaíhuntna vamana
Tlcsc aic ilc loly namcs io dclivci onc in Ticia-yuga. Tlc namcs ilai aic
mcniioncd in ilis icxi indicaic Naiayana's piowcss. Ai ilis siagc lull áasya-rasa
and a icllcciion ol sahnya-rasa aic indicaicd.
narc murarc maánu-haítabnarc gopaIa govínáa muhunáa saurc
yajncsa narayana hrsna vísno vírasrayam mam jagaáisa rahsa
Tlcsc aic ilc loly namcs io dclivci onc in Dvapaia-yuga. Tlc namcs ilai aic
mcniioncd in ilis vcisc aim iowaids Kisna, wlo is ilc slclici ol unslclicicd
pcisons. In ilis siagc ilcic is a piomincncc ol santa, áasya, sahnya, and vatsaIya-
rasa s.
narc hrsna narc hrsna hrsna hrsna narc narc
narc rama narc rama rama rama narc narc
Tlcsc aic ilc iopmosi swcci namcs ol ilc Loid. Tlcic is no piayci in ilis maniia.
Piovocaiion loi all rasas mixcd wiil allcciion is lound in ilis maniia. Tlcic is no
mcniion ol ilc Loid's piowcss oi giving ol libciaiion. Tlis maniia icvcals only
ilai a soul las an indcsciibablc aiiiaciion loi ilc Supcisoul by ilc ilicad ol lovc.
Tlcsc namcs aic ilc maniia loi ilosc wlo aic on ilc pail ol maánurya-rasa.
Consiani dclibciaiion on ilcsc namcs is ilc bcsi loim ol woisliping ilc Loid. All
spiiiiual aciiviiics ol swanlilc pcoplc sucl as woisliping ilc Dciiy, lollowing
vows, and siudying ilc sciipiuics aic includcd in ilcsc loly namcs. Tlcic is no
considciaiion ol iimc, placc, and candidaic loi claniing ilis maniia. Tlc claniing
ol ilis maniia docs noi dcpcnd on ilc insiiuciions ol a guiu oi woisliping a Dciiy
loi somc icwaid60. Ii is ilc duiy ol swanlilc pcoplc io ialc slclici ol ilcsc namcs
wlilc acccpiing ilc picviously mcniioncd iwclvc iiuils. Swanlilc pcoplc ol
loicign couniiics, wlosc languagc and social posiiion aic dillcicni, slould acccpi
ilcsc loly namcs in ilcii own languagc by ialing a lini liom ilis maniia. Tlis
mcans ilai in ilc pioccss ol woisliping ilis maniia ilcic slould noi bc any
complcx scicniilic considciaiion, usclcss aigumcnis, oi any iypc ol diicci oi
indiicci piayci. Il ilcic is any piayci ai all, ii slould bc aimcd ai advancing onc's
lovc loi God, ilcn ii will bc laulilcss. Swanlilc pcoplc lcad simplc livcs,
complcicly saiislicd and inicinally icmaining suiicndcicd souls61. Tlosc wlo
lavc divinc cycs considci ilcm cquipoiscd yogis, and ilosc wlo aic lcss-
iniclligcni, oi iliid-giadc pcoplc, considci ilcm as aiiaclcd io maiciial
cnjoymcni. Somc pcoplc may occasionally cvcn considci ilcm avcisc io ilc Loid.
A swanlilc pcison can idcniily anoilci swanlilc bioilci wlo posscsscs all ilc
appiopiiaic sympioms, wlcilci lc is liom ilc samc couniiy oi noi. Alilougl
ilcii dicss, languagc, woislip, Dciiy, and bclavioi may appcai dillcicni, ilcy
slould liccly addicss cacl oilci as bioilci. Tlcsc iypc ol pcoplc aic callcd
paramanamsas, and Srimaá Pnagavatam is ilc sciipiuic ilai is mcani loi sucl
paramanamsas62.
I cannoi cnd ilis iniioduciion wiiloui discussing onc moic subjcci. Duc io
picjudiccs, many lcaincd pcisons accusc ilc swanlilc pcisons ol ovcily discussing
loving allaiis and ilus bcing incompcicni in lamily allaiis. Tlcy say ilai unlcss
onc cndcavois io piospci in lamily lilc, ilc Supicmc Loid is noi saiislicd; and
bccausc ol cxccssivc cndcavois loi scll-icalizaiion, allcciion loi lamily lilc
diminislcs. Tlis aigumcni, lowcvci, is cxiicmcly wcal, bccausc il onc caiclully
cndcavois io aci accoiding io ilc dcsiic ol ilc Supicmc Loid and in ilc couisc
onc's icmpoiaiy maiciial lilc is iuincd, ilcn wlai is ilc laim63' Ii is a laci ilai
ilc maiciial woild was cicaicd in oidci io lullill a disiani plan ol ilc Supicmc
Loid, bui no onc can cxplain wlai ilai plan is. Somc pcoplc gucss ilai ilc soul
was liisi boin in ilis gioss woild in ilc loim ol a luman bcing. Tlc Supicmc Loid
las cicaicd ilis maiciial woild wiil ilc dcsiic ilai ilc living cniiiics would
giadually advancc by lollowing icligious piinciplcs. Somc pcoplc say ilai ilis
maiciial woild will bccomc a lappy placc, lilc lcavcn, iliougl luman
iniclligcncc. Yci ilcic aic oilcis wlo lavc dccidcd ilai ai ilc cnd ol ilc body ilcy
will aclicvc libciaiion in ilc loim ol nírvana. All ilcsc conclusions aic as usclcss
as blind pcoplc ascciiaining ilc slapc ol an clcplani. Swanlilc pcoplc do noi
cnici inio ilis iypc ol usclcss aigumcni, bccausc no onc can comc io ilc piopci
conclusion by luman iniclligcncc6+. Wlai is ilc nccd io scaicl loi a conclusion'
Il wc mainiain oui lilc simply, wlilc icmaining suboidinaic io ilc Supicmc Loid,
ilcn by His mcicy cvciyiling will casily bc icvcalcd io us. Pcisons wlo aic piciccd
by ilc aiiows ol lusi will naiuially cndcavoi loi maiciial piospciiiy. Lci ilcm
malc ilc maiciial woild piospcious, and wc will uiilizc ilai piospciiiy. Lci ilcm
discuss subjccis lilc cconomics, and lci ilcm accumulaic wcalil, and wc, by
Kisna's mcicy, will usc ilai wcalil loi ilc saiislaciion ol ilc Supicmc Loid. lui in
ilc couisc ol mainiaining ilis maiciial body, il ilcic is any advanccmcni ol oui
maiciial siiuaiion, ilcic is no laim. Wc aic complcicly indillcicni io ilc
advanccmcni and dciciioiaiion ol oui maiciial siiuaiion. lui wc aic naiuially busy
loi ilc advanccmcni ol ilc living cniiiics' spiiiiual lilc. Wc aic cvcn icady io iliow
ilc lappincss ol oui lilc in ilc waici in oidci io always bcnclii oui bioilcis. Tlc
piimaiy cngagcmcni ol Vaisnavas is io dclivci ilcii lallcn bioilcis liom ilc wcll ol
maiciial cxisicncc. Tlc moic ilc Vaisnava lamily cxpands, ilc moic ilc ailcisis'
lamily diminislcs. Tlis is ilc naiuial law ol ilc univcisc. Lci ilc lovc and
dcvoiion ol all living cniiiics llow iowaids ilc unlimiicd Supicmc Loid. Lci
Vaisnava piinciplcs, wlicl aic ilc souicc ol lappincss, giadually spicad liom onc
cnd ol ilc univcisc io ilc oilci. Lci ilc lcaiis ol ilosc wlo aic avcisc io ilc Loid
mcli wiil lovc ol God. ly ilc mcicy ol ilc Loid, ilc associaiion ol dcvoiccs, and
ilc inllucncc ol dcvoiional scivicc, lci ilc iliid-giadc pcoplc bccomc liisi-giadc
pcoplc and ialc slclici ol puic ccsiaiic lovc. Lci ilc cxalicd maányama-aáníharis
givc up ilcii doubis and ilc culiivaiion ol lnowlcdgc and csiablisl ilcmsclvcs in
ilc scicncc ol lovc. Lci ilc wlolc univcisc cclo wiil ilc sound ol ilc
congicgaiional claniing ol ilc loly namcs ol Haii.
siï siï lisnaipanam asiu
om sanii sanii sanii laii om
Srï Krsna-samhifa
Chapfer One
Descripfions of Vaikunfha
TEXT 1
sri hrsna-tattva-nírácsc hrpa yasya prayojanam
vanác tam jnanaáam hrsnam caítanyam rasa-vígranam
I ollci my icspccilul obcisanccs unio Siï Kisna Caiianya, wlo is lull ol
iiansccndcnial mcllows and ilc givci ol spiiiiual lnowlcdgc. Wiiloui His mcicy,
no onc can ascciiain ilc iiuil aboui Kisna.
TEXT 2
samuára-sosanam rcnor yatna na gnatatc hvacít
tatna mc tattva-nírácso muánasya hsuára-cctasan
Jusi as ii is noi possiblc loi a paiiiclc ol dusi io absoib ilc occan, ii is cxiicmcly
dilliculi loi a loolisl, lcss-iniclligcni pcison lilc mc io ascciiain ilc iiuil.
TEXT 3
híntu mc nráayc ho pí purusan syamasunáaran
spnuran samaáísat haryam ctat tattva-nírupanam
Alilougl a living cniiiy is ncvci ablc io ascciiain ilc iiuil wiil lis small
iniclligcncc, a blaclisl pcisonaliiy wiil a loim ol puic consciousncss las appcaicd
in my lcaii and cngagcd mc in ilc woil ol ascciiaining ilc iiuil. Ioi ilis icason I
lavc boldly ialcn up ilis woil.
TEXT +
asiá chan paran hrsno nítya-IiIa-parayanan
cíc-cnahtyavíshrtc ánamní nítya-síáána-ganasrítc
Loid Siï Kisna is bcyond spiiii and maiici and las no oiigin. Tlc namc ol His
abodc is Vailunila, and ii was cicaicd by His cít-sahtí, oi inicinal poicncy.
Vailunila is bcyond maiciial iimc and spacc, and ii is ilc icsidcncc ol ilc
cicinally libciaicd souls. All ilc cicinally libciaicd living cniiiics, wlo aic
liagmcnial paiis ol ilc Supicmc Loid, cmanaic liom ilc Loid's jiva-sahtí, oi
maiginal poicncy, io assisi ilc Loid in His pasiimcs. Vailunila is ilc abodc ol
cicinally libciaicd souls and ilc lomc ol Kisnacandia's cicinal pasiimcs. Tlai
icalm is bcyond maiciial iimc, and ilcicloic pasi, picscni, and luiuic do noi cxisi
ilcic. In ilis maiciial cicaiion, lowcvci, wc musi considci pasi, picscni, and
luiuic, loi ilc living cniiiics lcic aic condiiioncd by iimc and spacc.
TEXT 5
cíá-víIasa-rasc mattas cíá-ganaír anvítan saáa
cíá-víscsanvítc bnavc prasahtan príya-áarsanan
Loid Siï Kisna is always absoibcd in iiansccndcnial rasas and suiioundcd by
libciaicd souls. Hc is always addicicd io ilc cmoiions aiising liom vaiiciics ol
spiiiiual aciiviiics. Hc is ilc cynosuic ol all cycs.
TEXT 6
jivanam nítya-síáánanam svaánina-prcma-IaIasan
praáatcbnyan svatantratvam haryaharya-vícaranc
A gicai, wondcilul spiiiiual iclaiionslip is lound bciwccn ilc spiiiiually pcilcci
living cniiiics and Kisnacandia, wlo is ilc souicc ol spiiiiual lnowlcdgc. Tlis
iclaiionslip is callcd prití, oi lovc. Tlis lovc is concomiiani wiil ilc cicaiion ol
ilc living cniiiics, so ii is ilc living cniiiics' inlcicni naiuic. Il ilcic is no
indcpcndcncc in ilis iclaiionslip, lowcvci, ilcic is no possibiliiy ol ilc living
cniiiics aiiaining liglci rasas. Tlcicloic Siï Kisna givcs ilc living cniiiics ilc
powci io indcpcndcnily disciiminaic bciwccn piopci and impiopci aciion, and Hc
awaids ilcm ilc liuiis ol ilcii indcpcndcni aciiviiics.
TEXT 7
ycsam tu bnagavaá-áasyc rucír asiá baIiyasi
svaánina-bnava-sampannas tc áasa nítya-ánamaní
Among ilc minuicly indcpcndcni living cniiiics, ilosc wlo lavc a siiong iasic loi
sciving ilc Loid aiiain sciviioislip in ilc cicinal abodc.
TEXT 8
aísvarya-harsíta chc narayana-parayanan
maánurya-monítas canyc hrsna-áasan sunírmaIan
Among ilcm, ilosc wlo dcsiic io scivc ilc Loid wiil opulcncc scc ilcii
woislipablc Loid as Naiayana and ilosc wlo dcsiic io scivc ilc Loid wiil
swccincss scc ilcii woislipablc Loid as Kisna.
TEXT 9
sambnramaá áasya boánc ní pritís tu prcma-rupíni
na tatra pranayan hascít vísrambnc ranítc satí
Tlosc wlo scivc ilc Loid wiil opulcncc lavc a naiuial mood ol awc and
icvcicncc. Tlcicloic ilcii allcciion cnds wiil prcma, oi lovc, loi duc io
insullicicni laiil ilcic is no pranaya, oi iniimacy.
TEXT 10
maánurya-bnava-sampattau vísrambno baIavan saáa
mana-bnavavaánín pritcr bnahtanam nráayc ánruvam
Tlc laiil ol ilosc wlo scivc ilc Loid in ilc conjugal rasa is cxiicmcly siiong.
Tlcicloic ilcii allcciion advanccs up io mana-bnava.
TEXT 11
jivasya nítya-síáánasya sarvam ctaá anamayam
víharas cíá-gatan sasvat haáapí no jaáanvítan
Somc pcoplc say ilai unlcss ilcic is oncncss bciwccn ilc atma and ilc
Paiamaima, ilcic will bc a lacl ol pranaya in spiiiiual allaiis. Tlcy luiilci say ilc
conccpi ol manabnava is ilc lalsc acccpiancc ol maiciial ilouglis as spiiiiual.
Rcgaiding ilcsc impuic opinions, wc say ilai ilc living cniiiics' dillcicni cmoiions
aiising liom pranaya aic noi iiansloimaiions ol maiciial ncscicncc, ilcy aic
spiiiiual cmoiions.
TEXT 12
vaíhuntnc suáána-cíá-ánamní víIasa nírvíharahan
ananáabání-tarangas tc saáa áosa-vívarjítan
Tlc pasiimcs in ilc puic spiiiiual abodc ol Vailunila aic all laulilcss and lilc
wavcs in ilc occan ol bliss. Tlc woid víhara, oi iiansloimaiion, cannoi bc applicd
in ilosc pasiimcs.
TEXT 13
yamaísvarya-para jiva narayanam vaáantí ní
maánurya-rasa-sampannan hrsnam cva bnajantí tam
Tlcic is no dillcicncc bciwccn Kisna and Naiayana. Hc appcais as Naiayana io
cycs absoibcd in opulcncc, and Hc appcais as Kisna io cycs absoibcd in swccincss.
Aciually ilcic is no dillcicncc in ilc Absoluic Tiuil. A dillcicncc is considcicd
only among pcoplc wlo discuss ilc Absoluic Tiuil and in ilc discussions ol ilc
Absoluic Tiuil.
TEXT 1+
rasa-bncáa-vasaá-cho ávíána bnatí svarupatan
aávayan sa paran hrsno víIasananáa-canáraman
Siï Kisna is ilc Supicmc Absoluic Tiuil wiiloui a sccond. Hc is ilc moonlilc
Loid wlo is always absoibcd in ilc ccsiasy ol His pasiimcs, and Hc manilcsis
dillcicni loims duc io ilc vaiiciy ol rasas.
TEXT 15
aáncyaánara-bncáas ca ácna-ácní-víbnínnata
ánarma-ánarmí prtnag bnava na santí nítya-vastuní
Aciually ilcic is no dillcicncc bciwccn His vaiious loims, bccausc in ilc Absoluic
Tiuil ilcic is no dillcicncc bciwccn ilc coniainci and iis conicnis, ilc body and
iis ownci, oi ilc occupaiion and iis pciloimci. In ilc condiiioncd siaic, ilcsc
dillcicnccs aic lound in ilc luman body duc io ilc misconccpiion ol idcniilying
ilc body as ilc scll. Tlcsc dillcicnccs aic naiuial loi maiciial objccis.
TEXT 16
víscsa cva ánarmo sau yato bncáan pravartatc
taá bncáa-vasatan pritís taranga-rupíni saáa
Tlc Vaiscsilas say ilai ilc qualiiy by wlicl onc objcci is dillcicniiaicd liom
anoilci is callcd vaiiciy. Duc io vaiiciy wc lind a dillcicncc bciwccn aioms ol
waici and aioms ol aii and bciwccn aioms ol aii and aioms ol liic. lui ilc
Vaiscsilas lavc dciccicd ilc vaiicgaicdncss ol only ilc maiciial woild; ilcy lavc
no inloimaiion ol ilc vaiicgaicdncss ol ilc spiiiiual woild. Noi is ilcic
inloimaiion aboui ilis in ilc sciipiuics ol ilc jnanis. Tlai is wly mosi jnanis
considci libciaiion io bc branma-nírvana, absoipiion oi mciging in ilc Supicmc.
Accoiding io ilc Vaisnavas ilc qualiiy ol vaiicgaicdncss noi only cxisis in ilc
maiciial woild, bui ii cicinally cxisis in ilc spiiiiual woild. Tlai is wly ilc
Supcisoul is dillcicni liom ilc soul, ilc soul is dillcicni liom ilc maiciial woild,
and all souls aic dillcicni liom onc anoilci. Iiom ilc qualiiy ol vaiicgaicdncss,
lovc ol God ialcs ilc loim ol wavcs and appcais wiil vaiious cmoiions.
TEXT 17
prapanca-maIato smaham buáánír áustastí hcvaIam
víscso nírmaIastaman na ccna bnasatc ánuna
Duc io maiciial condiiioning oui iniclligcncc las bccomc polluicd by ilc diii ol
ilis woild. Tlcicloic icalizing spiiiiual vaiicgaicdncss is cxiicmcly dilliculi.
TEXT 18
bnagavaj-jivayos tatra sambanáno víáyatc maIan
sa tu panca-víánan prohto yatnatra samsrtau svatan
Duc io ilc qualiiy ol vaiicgaicdncss ilcic is noi only an cicinal dillcicncc bciwccn
ilc Loid and ilc puic living cniiiics, ilcic is also an cicinal puic iclaiionslip
bciwccn ilcm. Jusi as condiiioncd living cniiiics lavc livc iypcs ol iclaiionslips in
ilc maiciial woild, ilcic aic also livc iypcs ol iclaiionslips bciwccn Kisna and ilc
living cniiiics.
TEXT 19
santa-bnavas tatna áasyam sahnyam vatsaIyam cva ca
hanta-bnava ítí jncyan sambanánan hrsna-jivayon
Tlc namcs ol ilcsc livc iypcs ol iclaiionslips aic santa (ncuiialiiy), áasya
(sciviiudc), sahnya (liicndslip), vatsaIya (paicinal allcciion), and maánurya
(conjugal lovc).
TEXT 20
bnavahara gata pritín sambanánc vartatc maIa
asta-rupa hríyasara jivanam aáníharatan
In ilc Loid's associaiion, ilc ccsiaiic lovc ol ilc puic living cniiiics manilcsis
accoiding io ilcii qualilicaiion and iclaiionslip in cigli dillcicni cmoiions. All
ilosc cmoiions aic sympioms ol lovc. Tlcy aic lnown as puIaha (sianding ol laiis
on cnd), asru (wccping), hampa (iicmbling), svcáa (pcispiiing), vaívarnya (lading
away ol coloi), stambna (bcing siunncd), svara-bncáa (cloling), and praIaya
(dcvasiaiion). Tlcsc sympioms manilcsi in a puic loim in puic living cniiiics, bui
ilcy aic maiciially coniaminaicd in condiiioncd living cniiiics.
TEXT 21
santc tu ratí-rupa sa cíttoIIasa-víánayíni
ratín prcma ávíána áasyc mamata bnava-sangata
Tlc allcciion ol ilosc dcvoiccs wlo aic siiuaicd in santa-rasa icmains in ilc loim
ol ratí, oi aiiiaciion, wlicl givcs mcnial lappincss. Wlcn allcciion is mixcd wiil
aiiaclmcni in áasya-rasa, ilcn ii is callcd aiiiaciion in puic lovc.
TEXT 22
sahnyc ratís tatna prcma pranayo pí vícaryatc
vísvaso baIavan tatra na bnayam vartatc hvacít
In sahnya-rasa, ilis aiiiaciion in puic lovc iuins inio pranaya, iniimacy, wlicl is
siicngilcncd by laiil and aiiaclmcni and wlicl dcsiioys lcai.
TEXT 23
vatsaIyc sncna-paryanta pritír árava-mayi sati
hanta-bnavc ca tat sarvam míIítam vartatc híIa
mana-raganuragaís ca manatavaír víscsata
In vatsaIya-rasa, ilis allcciion llows up io sncna-bnava, allcciion wiil ccsiaiic
scniimcnis. lui wlcn hanta-bnava, oi conjugal rasa, appcais, ilcn all ilc abovc-
mcniioncd cmoiions mix wiil mana (jcalous angci), raga (aiiaclmcni), anuraga
(luiilci aiiaclmcni), and mana-bnava (gicai ccsiasy).
TEXT 2+
vaíhuntnc bnagavan syaman grnastnan huIa-paIahan
yatnatra Iahsyatc jivan svaganaín parívcstítan
Jusi as ilc living cniiiics aic suiioundcd by iclaiivcs and cngagcd in lousclold
aciiviiics in ilc maiciial woild, Loid Kisna is cngagcd in ilc samc way in
Vailunila.
TEXT 25
santa áasan sahnas caíva pítaro yosítas tatna
sarvc tc scvaha jncyan scvyan hrsnan príyan satam
All ilc associaics in santa, áasya, sahnya, vatsaIya, and maánurya aic scivanis ol
ilc Loid. Siï Kisna is ilc bclovcd Loid and objcci ol woislip ol ilosc dcvoiccs.
TEXT 26
sarvajnya-ánrtí-samartnya vícara-patuta-hsaman
pritavchatmatam prapta vaíhuntnc ávaya vastuní
In ilc allcciion ol ilc absoluic icalm ol Vailunila, all qualiiics lilc omniscicncc,
loibcaiancc, abiliiy, considciaiion, cxpciincss, and loigivcncss aic in complcic
laimony. Duc io an abscncc ol allcciion in ilc maiciial woild, ilosc qualiiics
appcai disiinci.
TEXT 27
cíá-áravatma saáa tatra haIínái víraja naái
cíá-aánara svarupa sa bnumís tatra vírajatc
Tlc Viiaja Rivci cicinally llows iliougl ilc ouici ciiclc ol Vailunila. Tlc Kalindï
Rivci cicinally llows iliougl ilc innci ciiclc. loil iivcis aic iiansccndcnial io ilc
modc ol passion. Tlc indcsciibablc land ilcic is ilc icsiing placc ol all puic souls.
TEXT 28
Iata-hunja-grna-ávara- prasaáa torananí ca
sarvaní cíá-vísístaní vaíhuntnc áosa-varjítc
All ilc ciccpcis, palaccs, louscs, and gaicways aic lully spiiiiual and licc ol all
lauli. Tlc inllucncc ol iimc and placc cannoi polluic ilosc ilings.
TEXT 29
cíc-cnahtí-nírmítam sarvam yaá vaíhuntnc sanatanam
pratíbnatam prapancc smín jaáa-rupa maIanvítam
Somc pcoplc iiy io imposc ilcii maiciial conccpiions on ilc naiuic ol Vailunila
and ilus bccomc ovciwlclmcd by picjudiccs. Laici ilcy iiy io csiablisl ilcsc
picjudiccs by ilcii slicwd aigumcnis. Sucl dcsciipiions ol Vailunila and ilc
pasiimcs ol ilc Loid, lowcvci, aic aciually all maiciial. Tlcsc iypcs ol conclusions
aiisc only duc io impiopci lnowlcdgc ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Only ilosc wlo lavc
noi dccply discusscd spiiiiual iopics will lavc ilc piopcnsiiy io iaiionalizc in ilis
way. Tlc doubilul lcaiis ol ilc maányama-aáníharis aic always swinging bciwccn
ilc maiciial and ilc spiiiiual duc io ilcii bcing unablc io cioss inio ilc icalm ol
ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Aciually ilc vaiicgaicdncss sccn in ilc maiciial woild is only
a pcivciicd icllcciion ol ilc spiiiiual woild. Tlc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc maiciial
and spiiiiual woilds is ilis: In ilc spiiiiual woild cvciyiling is blisslul and
laulilcss, wlcicas in ilc maiciial woild cvciyiling is a icmpoiaiy mixiuic ol
lappincss and disiicss, lull ol impuiiiics aiising liom iimc and placc. Tlcicloic
ilc dcsciipiions ol ilc spiiiiual woild aic noi imiiaiions ol ilosc ol ilc maiciial
woild, iailci ilcy aic mosi covcicd idcals.
TEXT 30
saá bnavc pí víscsasya sarvam tan nítya-ánamaní
ahnanáa-sac-cíá-ananáa- svarupam prahrtcn param
Tlc splcndoi ol ilc spiiiiual abodc is csiablislcd by ilc qualiiy ol vaiicgaicdncss.
Alilougl ilai splcndoi is cicinal, Vailunila is ncvciilclcss nondual and
consiiiuiionally cicinal, lull ol lnowlcdgc, and bliss. Tlc maiciial woild consisis
ol dualiiics aiising liom iimc, placc, and ciicumsianccs, yci bccausc Vailunila is
iiansccndcnial io ilc maiciial cicaiion ii is dcvoid ol dualiiy and lauli.
TEXT 31
jivanam síáána-satvanam nítya-síáánímatam apí
ctan nítya-suhnam sasvat hrsna-áasyc níyojítam
Licinal sciviiudc ol Loid Kisna is ilc cicinal lappincss ol ilosc wlo aic cicinally
pcilcci and ilosc wlo lavc aclicvcd pcilcciion.
TEXT 32
vahyanam jaáa-janyatvan na sahta mc sarasvati
varnanc vímaIananáa víIasasya cíá-atmanan
Ii is bcyond my powci ol spcccl io dcsciibc ilc puic ccsiaiic pasiimcs ol ilc living
cniiiics, bccausc ilc woids I would usc in sucl dcsciipiions aic pioducis ol ilc
maiciial woild.
TEXT 33
tatnapí sarajuta vrtya samaáním avaIambya vaí
varníta bnagavaá varta maya boánya samaánína
Alilougl I am unablc io clcaily dcsciibc ilis iopic by woids, by samaání and ilc
pioccss ol sarajut I lavc dcsciibcd ilc iopics ol ilc Loid io ilc bcsi ol my abiliiy.
Il onc simply ialcs ilc insignilicani liicial mcanings ol ilcsc woids, ilcn onc will
noi piopcily icalizc ilc dcsciibcd subjcci. I ilcicloic icqucsi ilc icadci io iiy and
icalizc ilcsc iiuils iliougl samaání. Onc slould iiy io undcisiand subilc poinis
liom gioss siaicmcnis, as in Aiundlaiï-nyaya ¦wlcn onc poinis oui a laini siai
wiil ilc lclp ol a biigli siai]. Tlc pioccss ol aigumcni is usclcss, bccausc ii
cannoi lcad onc io ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Tlc subilc pioccss ol diiccily pcicciving
ilc soul is callcd samaání. I lavc givcn ilcsc dcsciipiions bascd on ilis pioccss.
Tlc icadci slould also lollow ilis pioccss io icalizc ilc iiuil.
TEXT 3+
yasycna vartatc pritín hrsnc vraja-víIasíní
tasyaívatma samaánau tu vaíhuntno Iahsyatc svatan
Vailunila can bc naiuially pciccivcd iliougl ilc samaání ol ilosc uttama-
aáníharis wlo lavc aiiaincd lovc loi Kisna, wlo pciloims pasiimcs in Viaja. Tlc
hanístna-aáníharis and ilc maányama-aáníharis aic noi yci qualilicd in ilis icgaid,
bccausc sucl iiuils cannoi bc icalizcd by icading oi aigumcni. Kanístna-aáníharis
wlo considci ilc sciipiuics as ilc only auiloiiiy and logicians wlo considci
ilcmsclvcs libciaicd aic boil unablc io advancc.
1nus cnás tnc Iírst Cnaptcr oj Siï Kisna-samliia, cntítIcá
ºDcscríptíons oj Vaíhuntna.¨
May Loid Kisna bc plcascd.
Chapfer Two
Descripfions of
fhe Lord's Energies
TEXT 1
atraíva tattva-víjnanam jnatavyam satatam buánaín
sahtí-sahtímato bncáo nasty cva paramatmaní
Wc will now considci ilc scicncc ol Vailunila, wlicl slould bc lnown by ilc
lcaincd. In ilc bcginning ii slould bc undcisiood ilai ilcic is no dillcicncc
bciwccn ilc cncigy and ilc cncigciic. Noiling is gaincd il wc considci ilc
Absoluic Tiuil as dcvoid ol cncigy, ilcicloic ii is ilc duiy ol swanlilc pcisons io
acccpi ilc cxisicncc ol His cncigics. Lncigy is ncvci a iiuil scpaiaic liom ilc
cncigciic Supicmc Loid. Alilougl piopci cxamplcs io illusiiaic ilc Absoluic
Tiuil aic unavailablc in ilis maiciial woild, indiicci cxamplcs aic somciimcs
lound. Jusi as liic and lcai cannoi cxisi scpaiaicly, ilc Absoluic Tiuil and His
cncigics do noi cxisi scpaiaicly.
TEXT 2
tatnapí sruyatc smabnín para sahtín paratmanan
acíntya-bnava-sampanna sahtímantam prahasayct
Tlc Absoluic Tiuil is manilcsicd iliougl ilc inconccivablc supciioi cncigy ol ilc
cncigciic Absoluic Tiuil, wlo is ilc souicc ol ilc purusavataras and is icalizcd
iliougl samaání. Il lcai was scpaiaicd liom liic, ilcn duc io an abscncc ol cncigy,
liic would noi cxisi. Similaily, il cncigy was scpaiaicd liom ilc Absoluic Tiuil,
ilcn ilc Absoluic Tiuil would noi cxisi.
TEXT 3
sa sahtín sanáníni bnutva sattajatam vítanyatc
pitna-satta svarupa sa vaíhuntna-rupíni sati
Tlc supciioi cncigy ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil is icalizcd in ilicc dillcicni aspccis-
sanáníni, samvít, and nIaáíni. Tlc liisi manilcsiaiion ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil is sat
(sanáníni), cít (samvít), and ananáa (nIaáíni). In ilc bcginning ilcic was only ilc
Supicmc lialman, ilcn, alici manilcsiing His cncigics, Hc bccamc lnown as sat-
cíá-ananáa,¨-ilis lind ol misconccpiion aiiscs duc io considciaiion ol maiciial
iimc and slould noi applicd on ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Ii is undcisiood by swanlilc
pcoplc ilai ilc sat-cíá-ananáa loim ol ilc Loid is bcginninglcss, cndlcss, and
cicinal. Tlc sanáníni cncigy manilcsis ilc cxisicncc ol ilc cicinal abodc, namc,
loim, associaics, iclaiionslips, lcaiuics, and loundaiion ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Tlc
supciioi cncigy ol ilc Loid las ilicc poicncics, namcly cít, oi spiiiiual, jiva, oi
maiginal, and acít, oi maiciial. Tlc spiiiiual poicncy, cít, is His inicinal poicncy.
Tlc maiginal and maiciial poicncics aic scpaiaicd. Tlcsc poicncics aic considcicd
accoiding io ilc piopoiiion ol ilc cncigy manilcsi. Vailunila is ilc abodc ol ilc
spiiiiual poicncy ol ilc sanáníni aspcci ol ilc supciioi cncigy.
TEXT +
hrsnaáyahnyabníána-satta rupa-satta haIcvaram
raánaáya-sangíni-satta sarva-satta tu sanáníni
Tlc namcs ol Kisna manilcsi liom ilc abníána-satta, ilc body ol Kisna manilcsis
liom ilc rupa-satta, and ilc lovcis ol Kisna lilc Radla manilcsi liom a mixiuic ol
ilc rupa-satta and sangíni-satta.
TEXT 5
sanáníni-sahtí-sambnutan sambanána vívíána matan
sarvaánara svarupcyam sarvahara saá amsaha
All linds ol iclaiionslips manilcsi liom ilc sanáníni aspcci. Tlc sanáníni aspcci ol
ilc Loid is ilc souicc ol all spiiiiual manilcsiaiions and lcaiuics.
TEXT 6
samvíá bnuta para sahtír jnana-víjnana rupíni
sanáníni-nírmítc sattvc bnava-samyojíni sati
Tlc samvít aspcci ol ilc supciioi cncigy consisis ol lnowlcdgc and iis piaciical
applicaiion (jnana and víjnana). Wlcn samvít iniciacis wiil ilc manilcsiaiions ol
ilc sanáníni aspcci, all cmoiions appcai.
TEXT 7
bnavabnavc ca sattayam na híncíá apy Iahsyatc
tasmat tu sarva-bnavanam samvíá cva prahasíni
Wiiloui ilc picscncc ol cmoiions, cxisicncc would bc unlnown. Tlcicloic all
iiuils aic illuminaicd by samvít. All ilc cmoiions ol Vailunila aic cicaicd by ilc
samvít aspcci ol ilc spiiiiual poicncy.
TEXT 8
sanáníní-hrta-sattvcsu sambanána-bnava-yojíha
samvíá-rupa mana-ácvi haryaharya víánayíni
All iclaiionslips in Vailunila lavc bccn csiablislcd by Samviidcvï, wlo is ilc
diiccioi ol aciion and inaciion. Tlc dillcicni rasas, sucl as santa and áasya, and
ilc icspcciivc aciiviiics in ilosc rasas lavc bccn csiablislcd by samvít.
TEXT 9
víscsabnavatan samvíá branma-jnanam prahasayct
víscsa-samyuta sa tu bnagavaá bnahtí-áayíni
Il onc docs noi acccpi ilc qualiiy ol vaiicgaicdncss, ilcn Samviidcvï manilcsis loi
lim ilc impcisonal lcaiuic ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Tlc living cniiiy ilcn ialcs
slclici ol impcisonal lnowlcdgc ol lialman. Tlcicloic impcisonal lnowlcdgc ol
lialman is only ilc impcisonal considciaiion ol Vailunila. Ioi onc wlo acccpis
ilc qualiiy ol vaiicgaicdncss, Samviidcvï manilcsis ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol
Godlcad. Tlc living cniiiy ilcn acccpis ilc dcvoiional scivicc ol ilc Loid.
TEXT 10
nIaáíni-nama-samprapta saíva sahtín parahnyíha
manabnavaáísu stnítva paramananáa-áayíni
Wlcn ilc spiiiiual poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy iniciacis wiil ilc nIaáíni aspcci,
ii cicaics aiiaclmcni up io ilc siaic ol manabnava, in wlicl Slc (nIaáíni) bcsiows
ilc iopmosi ccsiasy.
TEXT 11
sarvoráána-bnava-sampanna hrsnaráána-rupa-ánaríni
raáníha sattva-rupcna hrsnananáa-mayi híIa
Tlis nIaáíni is Siï Radlila, wlo is ilc cncigy ol ilc cncigciic, wlo posscsscs ilc
iopmosi loving scniimcnis, and wlo is lall ol ilc Supicmc Loid's loim. Slc
cxpands inio ilc indcsciibablc loims ol Kisna's inconccivablc lappincss.
TEXT 12
mana-bnava-svarupcyam raána-hrsna-vínoáíni
sahnya asta-víána bnava nIaáínya rasa-posíhan
Tlai Radla givcs plcasuic io Kisna. Slc is ilc cmbodimcni ol manabnava. Tlcic
aic cigli vaiiciics ol cmoiions ilai nouiisl ilc rasa ol nIaáíni. Tlcy aic lnown as
Radla's cigli sahnis.
TEXT13
tat taá bnava-gata jiva nítyananáa-parayanan
sarvaáa jiva-sattayam bnavanam vímaIa stnítín
Wlcn ilc nIaáíni cncigy ol ilc living cniiiics icalizcs a poiiion ol ilc spiiiiual
nIaáíni by ilc associaiion ol dcvoiccs and ilc mcicy ol ilc Loid, ilcn ilc living
cniiiics bccomc cicinally lappy and aiiain ilc siagc ol puic cicinal scniimcnis
wlilc icmaining individual cniiiics.
TEXT 1+
nIaáíni sanáníni samvíá cha hrsnc paratparc
yasya samsa-víIascsu nítya sa trítayatmíha
Tlc sanáníni, samvít, and nIaáíni cncigics aic cicinally siiuaicd in Siï Kisna, ilc
Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad; ilai is, cxisicncc, lnowlcdgc, and aiiaclmcni
aic in pcilcci laimony in Him. Yci ilcsc ilicc cncigics aic also picscni in His
pcisonal cxpansions in His Vailunila pasiimcs.
TEXT 15
ctat sarvam svatan hrsnc nírgunc pí híIaábnutam
cíc-cnahtír atí-sambnutam cíá-víbnutí svarupatan
Alilougl many vaiicgaicd qualiiics aic cicinally manilcsi in Siï Kisna, Hc
wondcilully icmains nírguna, dcvoid ol maiciial qualiiics, bccausc His qualiiics aic
ilc iniciaciions ol His spiiiiual poicncy and aic loims ol His spiiiiual opulcncc.
TEXT 16
jiva-sahtí-samuábnuto víIaso nyan prahirtítan
jivasya bnínna-tattvatvat víbnínnamso nígaáyatc
Alici concluding ilc considciaiion on ilc sanáníni, samvít, and nIaáíni aspccis ol
ilc spiiiiual poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy, I will now cxplain ilc sanáníni,
samvít, and nIaáíni aspccis ol ilc maiginal poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy. Tlc
living cniiiics aic cicaicd by ilc will ol ilc Loid and by ilc inconccivablc supciioi
cncigy ol ilc Loid. Tlc living cniiiics lavc bccn awaidcd minuic indcpcndcncc, so
ilcy aic classilicd as scpaiaicd iiuils and ilcii aciiviiics aic said io bc scpaiaicd
liom ilc Loid's aciiviiics.
TEXT 17
paramanu sama jivan hrsnarha-hara-varttínan
tat tcsu hrsna-ánarmanam saábnavo vartatc svatan
Kisna is lilc ilc spiiiiual sun, and ilc living cniiiics aic lilc ilc aiomic paiiiclcs
ol ilai incompaiablc sun's iays. Tlcicloic all ilc qualiiics ol Kisna aic naiuially
picscni in ilc living cniiiics.
TEXT 18
samuárasya yatna bínáun prtnívya rcnavo yatna
tatna bnagavato jivc gunanam vartamanata
Alilougl ii is inappiopiiaic io compaic ilc gicaincss ol ilc Loid's qualiiics wiil
ilc occan oi ilc caiil, il wc do considci His qualiiics in ilis way, ilcn ilc
qualiiics ol ilc living cniiiics appcai lilc diops ol ilc occan oi dusi paiiiclcs ol ilc
caiil.
TEXT 19
nIaáíni sanáníni samvít hrsnc purnatama mata
jivc tv anu svarupcna árastavya suhsma-buááníbnín
Tlc ilicc aspccis-nIaáíni, sanáníni, and samvít-aic lully manilcsi in Siï Kisna,
bui ilcy aic also minuicly picscni in ilc living cniiiics. Tlis is undcisiood by
pcisons cndowcd wiil linc iniclligcncc.
TEXT 20
svatantryc vartamanc pí jivanam bnaárahanhsínam
sahtayo nugatan sasvat hrsncccnayan svabnavatan
All living cniiiics lavc indcpcndcncc ilai was awaidcd by ilc Loid, yci ilosc wlo
dcsiic auspiciousncss naiuially icmain undci ilc suboidinaiion ol Kisna.
TEXT 21
yc tu bnoga-rata muánas tc svasahtí-parayanan
bnramantí harma-margcsu prapancc áurnívarítc
Tlosc wlo aic unablc io iccognizc wlai is auspicious and wlai is inauspicious
and wlo cngagc in scnsc giaiilicaiion do noi acccpi suboidinaiion undci ilc
spiiiiual poicncy and ilus livc indcpcndcnily. Tlcy iiavcisc ilc pail ol liuiiivc
aciiviiics wlilc wandciing in ilc maiciial woild, wlicl is dilliculi io lcavc alici
oncc cniciing.
TEXT 22
tatraíva harma-margcsu bnramatsu jantusu prabnun
paramatma svarupcna vartatc IiIaya svayam
Ioi ilosc living cniiiics wlo iiavcisc ilc pail ol liuiiivc aciiviiics, ilc Loid, as His
pasiimc, accompanics ilcm in ilc loim ol ilc Supcisoul.
TEXT 23
csa jivcsayor IiIa mayaya vartatcánuna
chan harma-pnaIam bnunhtc caparan pnaIa-áayahan
Tlc pasiimcs ol ilc Loid and ilc living cniiiics appcai mundanc io ilc
condiiioncd souls. Tlc living cniiiics cnjoy ilc icsulis ol ilcii liuiiivc aciiviiics,
wlilc ilc Supcisoul awaids ilosc icsulis.
TEXT 2+
jiva-sahtí-gata sa tu sanáníni sattva-rupíni
svargaáí-Ioham arabnya parahyam srjatí svayam
Wlcn ilc maiginal poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy iniciacis wiil sanáníni, ilc
uppci lcavcnly plancis aic cicaicd.
TEXT 25
harma harma-pnaIam áunhnam suhnam va tatra vartatc
papa-punyaáíham sarvam asapasaáíham ní yat
Iiuiiivc aciiviiics, ilc icsulis ol liuiiivc aciiviiics, disiicss, lappincss, sin, piciy,
and all dcsiics aic also cicaicd by ilis iniciaciion wiil sanáníni. Tlc lunciions ol
ilc subilc bodics aic also cicaicd by ilis iniciaciion. Svailola, Janalola, Tapolola,
Saiyalola, and lialmalola aic all cicaicd by ilis iniciaciion. Lvcn ilc lowci
lcllisl plancis aic undcisiood io bc cicaicd by ilis iniciaciion wiil sanáníni.
TEXT 26
jiva-sahtí-gata samvíá isa-jnanam prahasayct
jnancna ycna jivanam atmany atma ní Iahsyatc
Wlcn ilc maiginal poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy iniciacis wiil samvít, ii
manilcsis lnowlcdgc ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil. ly ilis lnowlcdgc a living cniiiy
icalizcs ilc Supcisoul. Tlis lnowlcdgc is disiinci liom and inlciioi io impcisonal
lnowlcdgc ol lialman, wlicl is manilcsicd by ilc iniciaciion ol ilc spiiiiual
poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy wiil samvít.
TEXT 27
vaíragyam apí jivanam samvíáa sampravartatc
haáacíI Iayavanca tu prabaIa bnavatí ánruvam
Rcnunciaiion, in ilc loim ol ncglcciing maya, manilcsis liom ilis iniciaciion ol
samvít wiil ilc maiginal cncigy. Somciimcs ilc living cniiiics considci ilc
lappincss ol icalizing ilc scll as insignilicani and ilc lappincss ol icalizing ilc
Supcisoul as iclaiivcly supciioi, and ilcy ilcicloic dcsiic io mcigc wiil ilc
Supcisoul.
TEXT 28
jivc yanIaáíni sahtír isa-bnahtí-svarupíni
maya níscáníha sa tu nírahara-parayana
Wlcn ilc maiginal poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy iniciacis wiil nIaáíni, ii
manilcsis dcvoiional scivicc io ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlis dcvoiional scivicc nullilics
ilc maiciial conccpiion ol ilc Loid and csiablislcs Him as nírahara, oi loimlcss.
TEXT 29
cíc-cnahtír atí-bnínnatvaá isa-bnahtín haáacana
na prití-rupam apnotí saáa susha svabnavatan
Tlc ratí, oi aiiaclmcni, ol ilc spiiiiual poicncy is dillcicni liom ilis iypc ol
dcvoiional scivicc ol ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlcicloic ilis dcvoiional scivicc ol ilc
Loid is naiuially diy, oi wiiloui rasa, and is noi bascd on lovc.
TEXT 30
hrta-jnata-bnava-yuhta prartnana vartatc narau
samsrtcn pustí-vanca va vaíragya-bnavanayuta
Tlc piaycis ol ilosc wlo pciloim ilis iypc ol dcvoiional scivicc aic mixcd wiil
giaiclulncss, ilcicloic ilis cannoi bc callcd unmoiivaicd dcvoiional scivicc.
Railci, ilcii piaycis aic lillcd wiil dcsiics loi maiciial advanccmcni oi
icnunciaiion.
TEXT 31
haáacít bnava-banuIyaá asru va vartatc árson
tatnapí na bnavcá bnavan sri hrsnc cíá-víIasíní
Alilougl somciimcs icais aic slcd oui ol cmoiion wlilc cxccuiing ilis iypc ol
dcvoiional scivicc, sucl pcisons' cmoiions loi Siï Kisna, wlo cnjoys spiiiiual
pasiimcs, do noi aiisc.
TEXT 32
víbnínnamsa-gata IiIa hrsnasya paramatmanan
jivanam baáána-bnutanam sambanánc víáyatc híIa
Docs ilis mcan ilai ilcic is no supciioi cmoiion in ilc lcaiis ol ilc condiiioncd
souls ilan ilis loim ol dcvoiional scivicc' Cciiainly ilcic is. Jusi as Siï Kisna
pciloims His pasiimcs in Vailunila wiil ilc cicinally pcilcci living cniiiics, Hc
cciiainly pciloims pasiimcs in iclaiionslip wiil ilc condiiioncd souls.
TEXT 33
cíá-víIasa-rata yc tu cíc-cnahtí-paIítan saáa
tcsam atma-yogcna branma-jnancna va pnaIam
Tlosc wlo considci ilc lappincss ol ilc nIaáíni aspcci ol ilc maiginal poicncy as
insignilicani and considci ilc impcisonal lialman as incomplcic undcisiand ilai
ilc pasiimcs ol Kisna wiil ilc spiiiiual poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy aic moic
iclislablc, so ilcy join ilosc pasiimcs. Tlcy aic qualilicd loi iccciving ilc liglcsi
lappincss. Tlcy aic scivanis ol ilc Loid and aic undci ilc pioicciion ol ilc
spiiiiual poicncy. Tlcy dciivc no liuiis wlaisocvci liom impcisonal lnowlcdgc ol
lialman oi yoga. In ilis conicxi, yoga iclcis io dcvoiional scivicc (as dcsciibcd
abovc in vciscs 2S-31), as piaciiccd by ilc living cniiiics. Rcgaiding impcisonal
lnowlcdgc ol lialman, plcasc iclci io vcisc 9 ol ilis clapici. Tlcicloic wlcn
yogis and jnanis bccomc loiiunaic, ilcy cngagc in spiiiiual aciiviiics.
TEXT 3+
maya tu jaáa-yonítvat cíá-ánarma-parívartíni
avaranatmíha sahtír isasya parícaríha
Alici complciing discussions on ilc maiginal poicncy, I will now discuss ilc
sanáníni, samvít, and nIaáíni aspccis ol maya-sahtí, ilc cxicinal poicncy. All incii
maiici is manilcsicd liom ilc cxicinal poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy. Tlcicloic
ilis maya poicncy convciis spiiiiual claiaciciisiics inio maiciial claiaciciisiics.
Maya, ilc cxicinal poicncy, covcis ilc living cniiiics, so slc is ilc moilci ol
illusion and a maidscivani ol ilc Supcisoul.
TEXT 35
cíc-cnahtcn pratíbímbatvan mayaya bnínnata hutan
pratíccnaya bnavcá bnínna vastuno na haáacana
Alici caiclully siudying ilc naiuic ol maya, ii is concludcd io bc ilc mosi inlciioi
poicncy in ilc wlolc cicaiion, bccausc all ol ilc living cniiiics' inauspiciousncss is
cicaicd by maya. Il maya did noi cxisi, ilcic would bc no dcgiadaiion ol ilc living
cniiiics in ilc loim ol avcision io ilc Loid. Tlcicloic many pcoplc doubi wlcilci
maya is ilc Loid's cncigy, bccausc ilc Supicmc Loid is all-auspicious and
unallccicd by sin. Tlosc wlo undcisiand ilc Supicmc Loid as ilc supicmc doci
and coniiollci do noi acccpi any iiuil ilai is coniiaiy io Him; ilcy ilus acccpi
maya as ilc maiciial poicncy ol ilc Supicmc Loid's spiiiiual cncigy. Tlc cxicinal
poicncy, wlicl is a icllcciion oi sladow ol ilc spiiiiual poicncy, is noi
indcpcndcni. ly ilc will ol ilc Loid, maya is ilc pcivciicd icllcciion ol, and
ilcicloic cciiainly suboidinaic io, ilc Loid's spiiiiual poicncy. In ilis conicxi onc
slould noi acccpi ilc Mayavadï plilosoplcis' mcanings ol bímba (icllcciion),
pratíbímba (icllccicd imagc), and pratíccnaya (sladow).
TEXT 36
tasman maya-hrtc vísvc yaá yaá bnatí víscsatan
tat taá cva pratíccnaya cíc-cnahtcr jaIa-canáravat
Il wc considci ilc cxisicncc ol maya, wc can concludc ilai ilis woild is ilc
sladow ol Vailunila, wlicl is cicaicd by ilc spiiiiual poicncy ol ilc supciioi
cncigy ol ilc Loid and is lull ol vaiicgaicdncss. Tlc cxamplc ol ilc moon in waici
is applicablc io ilis sladow ¦ilc maiciial woild]. lui ilis woild is noi lalsc in ilc
samc way as ilc moon in ilc waici is lalsc. As maya is in laci a poicncy ol ilc
supciioi cncigy, wlaicvci is cicaicd by lci is also a laci.
TEXT 37
mayaya bímbítam sarvam prapancan sabáyatc buánaín
jivasya banánanc sahtam isasya IiIaya saáa
As lai as ilc woil ol ilc maidscivani ¦Maya] is conccincd, lcaincd pcoplc say ilai
ilis maiciial woild is lci cicaiion. Tlis maiciial cxisicncc is ablc io bind ilc living
cniiiics as paii ol ilc Loid's pasiimcs (plcasc scc vciscs 22-23 ol ilis clapici).
TEXT 38
vastunan suáána-bnavatvam cnayayam vartatc hutan
tasman maya-hrtc vísvc ncyatvam paríársyatc
Jusi as ilc oiiginal, puic condiiion ol an objcci is noi manilcsi in iis sladow, wc
do noi lind ilc plcasanincss ol ilc spiiiiual woild in ilc maiciial woild, wlicl is
cicaicd by maya, iailci wc lind ilc pcivciicd qualiiy, disiicss.
TEXT 39
sa maya sanáníni bnutva ácsa-buááním tanotí ní
ahrtau vístrtau vyapta prapancc vartatc jaáa
Wlcn ilc cxicinal poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy iniciacis wiil sanáníni, ii
spicads conccpiions ol naiionalism. Tlis mcnialiiy is lound only in ilis woild.
Tlc sympioms ol ilis conccpiion aic spicad iliougl loims and ilcii cxpansions.
Il onc could ascciiain Vailunila by onc's ilouglis, ilcn ilc maiciial loims and
ilcii cxpansions would cciiainly bc usclul. lui ilc scicncc ol Vailunila is bcyond
ilc icalm ol maiciial spacc, iimc, and aigumcni and is icalizcd iliougl samaání.
Aciually all ilc loims and cxpansions ilai aic sccn in Vailunila, ilc abodc ol
iiansccndcnial pasiimcs, aic all spiiiiual and auspicious. Ii slould bc lnown ilai
ilc loims and cxpansions ol ilc maiciial woild, ilc pcivciicd icllcciion ol ilc
spiiiiual woild, aic loicvci dcvoid ol bliss.
TEXT +0
jivanam martya-ácnaáau sarvaní harananí ca
tístnantí parímcyaní bnotíhaní bnavaya ní
Tlc aciiviiics and bodics ol ilc condiiioncd living cniiiics aic maiciial and limiicd
and aic mcani loi pciloiming woil and cnjoying iis icsulis. Tlcy aic cicaicd by
ilc sanáníni aspcci ol ilc cxicinal poicncy. Il onc iiics io undcisiand woids lilc
iiny` and aiomic` in dcsciipiions ol ilc living cniiiics and gicaincss` in
dcsciipiions ol ilc Supicmc Loid in icims ol maiciial spacc, ilcn onc will noi
aiiain lnowlcdgc ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil.
TEXT +1
sambíá-rupa mana-maya Iínga-rupa-víánayíni
ananharatmaham cíttam baáána-jivc tanoty ano
Wlcn ilc cxicinal poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy iniciacis wiil samvít, ii cicaics
ilc subilc body ol condiiioncd souls in ilc loim ol iniclligcncc and lalsc cgo. Tlc
consiiiuiional posiiion ol a puic living cniiiy is bcyond ilc gioss and subilc
bodics. Tlc samvít aspcci ol ilc cxicinal poicncy is lnown in ilc sciipiuics as
ncscicncc. Duc io ilis ncscicncc, ilc gioss and subilc bodics ol ilc living cniiiics
aic cicaicd. Wlcn puic living cniiiics icsidc in Vailunila, ilc liisi lnoi ol
ncscicncc, in ilc loim ol lalsc cgo, docs noi cnianglc ilcm. Puic living cniiiics
cannoi icmain sicady alici giving up spiiiiual aciiviiics. Tlcicloic as soon as ilc
living cniiiics bccomc siiuaicd in ilcii own lappincss iliougl ilc minuic
indcpcndcncc givcn by ilc Loid, ilcy bccomc slclicilcss and aic compcllcd io
ialc slclici ol Maya. On accouni ol ilis, puic living cniiiics lavc no slclici oilci
ilan Vailunila. Tlc living cniiiics ol Vailunila aic vciy insignilicani, lilc
liicllics in compaiison io ilc powcilul sunlilc Loid. As soon as ilc living cniiiy
lcavcs Vailunila, lc is simuliancously awaidcd a subilc body and iliown inio ilc
maiciial woild, cicaicd by Maya. All manilcsiaiions ol ilc sanáníni, samvít, and
nIaáíni aspccis ol ilc maiginal poicncy aic mixcd wiil maya as soon as ilc living
cniiiy lcavcs ilc slclici ol Vailunila. Wlcn onc considcis maiciial cxisicncc as
lis own, ilis is callcd lalsc cgo. Absoipiion in ilis lalsc cgo is ilc lunciion ol ilc
lcaii, culiivaiing maiciial scnsc objccis iliougl ilc lcaii is ilc lunciion ol ilc
mind, and icalizaiion iliougl ilis culiivaiion is callcd maiciial lnowlcdgc. Tlc
mind, bcing supciioi io ilc scnscs, manilcsis as ilc lunciions ol ilc scnscs in ilcii
associaiion. Wlcn ilc impicssion ol coniaci bciwccn ilc scnscs and scnsc objccis
is csiablislcd wiilin, ii is pioiccicd by ilc siicngil ol icmcmbiancc. Wlcn onc
culiivaics ilosc pioiccicd mcmoiics by lollowing ilc pioccss ol claboiaiing and
condcnsing ilcm, ilcn wlaicvci onc conjcciuics is callcd aigumcni. ly ilis
aigumcni, lnowlcdgc ol scnsc objccis and iclaicd iicms is acquiicd.
TEXT +2
sa sahtís cctasau buáánír ínáríyc boána-rupíni
manasy cva smrtín sasvat vísaya-jnana-áayíni
Tlc samvít aspcci ol ilc cxicinal cncigy cicaics ilc iniclligcncc ol ilc lcaii, ilc
lcclings ol ilc scnscs, ilc icmcmbiancc ol ilc mind, and ilc lnowlcdgc ol scnsc
objccis.
TEXT +3
vísaya-jnanam cvasyan mayíham natma-ánarmaham
prahrtcr guna-samyuhtam prahrtam hatnyatc janaín
Knowlcdgc ol scnsc objccis is complcicly mundanc. Ii las noiling io do wiil
onc's consiiiuiional duiics. Ii is callcd maiciial lnowlcdgc bccausc ii is connccicd
wiil ilc qualiiics ol ilc maiciial woild.
TEXT ++
sa maya nIaáíni pritír vísaycsu bnavct híIa
harmananáa svarupa sa bnuhtí-bnava-praáayíni
Tlc nIaáíni aspcci ol ilc cxicinal cncigy manilcsis as aiiaclmcni loi maiciial
objccis. Tlai aiiaclmcni spicads ilc conccpiion ol cnjoymcni in ilc loim ol
lappincss dciivcd liom liuiiivc aciiviiics. Aiiaclmcni loi ilc maiciial woild, ilc
cndcavoi loi maiciial piospciiiy, and ilc dcsiic loi scnsc giaiilicaiion all naiuially
aiisc liom ilis aiiaclmcni io scnsc objccis. In oidci io mainiain lilc pcacclully, ilc
loui casics-branmana, hsatríya, vaísya, and suára-aic csiablislcd accoiding io
pcoplc's naiuial claiaciciisiics, and ilc loui asramas-grnastna, vanaprastna,
branmacari, and sannyasi-aic csiablislcd accoiding io pcoplc's posiiion.
Accoiding io ncccssiiy, consiiiuiional and condiiional occupaiional duiics aic
asciibcd. Wlcn ilc uppci and lowci plancis, wlicl aic cicaicd by ilc sanáníni
aspcci ol ilc maiginal poicncy (scc vciscs 2+-25), aic connccicd wiil ilc icsulis ol
ilcsc duiics, ilcn ilcy bccomc ilc objcci ol ilc liuiiivc woilcis' lopcs oi lcais. Ii
is io bc mcniioncd ai ilis poini ilai ilc samvít and nIaáíni aspccis ol ilc maiginal
poicncy, bcing almosi covcicd by ilc samvít and nIaáíni aspccis ol ilc cxicinal
poicncy, iimc io iimc manilcsi icnunciaiion and lnowlcdgc ol ilc scll, wlicl aic
uliimaicly ovcicomc by maya duc io ilc abscncc ol spiiiiual aciiviiics.
TEXT +5
yajncsa bnajanam sasvat tat prití-haraham bnavct
trívarga-vísayo ánarmo Iahsítas tatra harmíbnín
Tlc Supcisoul is pciccivcd ai ilis poini as Yajncsvaia, ilc Loid ol saciilicc. Pcoplc
ol ilc maiciial woild iiy io plcasc Him by ilcii aciiviiics, and ilcy woislip Him
by saciiliccs. Tlc namc ol ilis icligion is trívarga, oi ánarma, artna, and hama. lui
ilcic is no possibiliiy ol mohsa, oi libciaiion, by ilis pail.
1nus cnás tnc Scconá Cnaptcr oj Siï Kisna-samliia, cntítIcá
ºDcscríptíons oj tnc Lorás Lncrgícs.¨
May Loid Kisna bc plcascd.
Chapfer Three
Descripfions of
fhe Lord's Incarnafions
TEXT 1
bnagavac-cnahtí-harycsu trívíáncsu sva-sahtíman
víIasan vartatc hrsnas cíj-jiva-mayíhcsu ca
Tlc iwo plilosoplics-aávaíta-vaáa, oi monism, liom Vcdania and maiciialism
liom Sanllya-lavc bccn cuiicni liom iimc immcmoiial. Monism las bccn
luiilci dividcd inio iwo, namcly vívarta-vaáa and Mayavada. Among all ilcsc
plilosoplcis, somc say ilc maiciial woild is a iiansloimaiion ol lialman, somc
say ii is lalsc, and somc lavc csiablislcd ilc maiciial woild as bcginninglcss.
Swanlilc pcisons, lowcvci, say ilai alilougl Loid Kisna is scpaiaic liom all
aciiviiics and ilcii causc, by His inconccivablc poicncy and iliougl His ilicc
piinciplc cncigics ilc Loid is ncvciilclcss picscni and involvcd in ilc aciiviiics ol
Vailunila, ilc living cniiiics, and ilc maiciial woild.
TEXT 2
cít-harycsu svayam hrsno jivc tu paramatmahan
jaác yajncsvaran pujyan sarva-harma-pnaIa-praáan
Kisna is pcisonally picscni in spiiiiual aciiviiics, Hc is picscni as Supcisoul in ilc
living cniiiics, and Hc is woislipcd as Yajncsvaia in ilc maiciial woild. Hc alonc
awaids ilc icsulis ol all aciiviiics.
TEXT 3
sarvamsi sarva-rupi ca sarvavatara-bijahan
hrsnas tu bnagavan sahsan na tasmat para cva ní
All ilc cxisiing pcisonal cxpansions and all ilc cicaicd scpaiaicd cxpansions, ilc
living cniiiics, aic pioducis ol Kisna's cncigy, ilcicloic Loid Siï Kisna is ilc
oiigin ol all cxpansions. Noiling can manilcsi ouisidc ol His cncigy, ilcicloic Hc
is ilc souicc ol all loims. All incainaiions ol ilc Loid cmanaic liom Him,
ilcicloic Hc is ilc souicc ol all incainaiions. Loid Siï Kisna is ilc Supicmc
Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Tlcic is no iiuil supciioi io Him.
TEXT +
acíntya-sahtí-sampannan sa hrsnan harunamayan
maya-baáánasya jivasya hscmaya yatnavan saáa
Tlai Kisna is inconccivably powcilul and mcicilul. Hc is aidcnily cngagcd in ilc
wcllaic ol ilc living cniiiics wlo lavc bccn condiiioncd by Maya duc io misusc ol
ilcii indcpcndcncc.
TEXT 5
yaá yaá bnagavato jivas tat taá bnagavato narín
avatirnan svasahtya san hriáativa janaín sana
Wlcn ilc condiiioncd souls icccivc vaiious loims accoiding io ilcii naiuic, ilc
Supicmc Loid Kisna, by His inconccivablc poicncy, agiccs io accompany ilcm by
incainaiing and cnjoying pasiimcs wiil ilcm.
TEXT 6
matsycsu matsya-bnavo ní haccnapc hurma-rupahan
mcru-áanáayutc jivc varana-bnavavan narín
Wlcn ilc living cniiiics acccpi ilc posiiion ol lisl, ilc Loid acccpis His lisl
incainaiion, Maisya. Maisya is wiiloui áanáa. Wlcn ilc living cniiiics giadually
acccpi ilc posiiion ol vajra-áanáa, ilcn ilc Loid incainaics as Kuima. Wlcn
vajra-áanáa giadually bccomcs mcru-áanáa, ilc Loid incainaics as Vaiala.
TEXT 7
nrsímno maánya-bnavo ní vamanan hsuára-manavc
bnargavo sabnyavargcsu sabnyc áasaratnís tatna
Wlcn ilc living cniiiics acccpi ilc combincd posiiion ol luman and animal, ilc
Loid acccpis His incainaiion ol Nisimla. Wlcn ilc living cniiiics aic sloii, Hc
appcais as Vamana. Wlcn ilc living cniiiics aic uncivilizcd, Hc comcs as
Paiasuiama. Wlcn ilcy aic civilizcd, Hc appcais as Ramacandia.
TEXT 8
sarva víjnana-sampannc hrsnas tu bnagavan svayam
tarha-nístnanarc buááno nastíhc haIhír cva ca
Wlcn ilc living cniiiics posscss ilc wcalil ol piaciical lnowlcdgc, ilcn Loid
Kisna Himscll appcais. Wlcn ilc living cniiiics dcvclop ilc icndcncy loi
aigumcni, ilc Loid appcais as luddla. And wlcn ilcy aic ailcisiic, ilc Loid
comcs as Kalli. Tlcsc aic wcll-lnown lacis.
TEXT 9
avatara narcr bnavan hramoráánva-gatímaá-ánráí
na tcsam janma-harmaáau prapanco vartatc hvacít
In ilc couisc ol ilc giadual dcvclopmcni ol ilc living cniiiics' lcaiis, ilc Loid
incainaics in a loim coiicsponding io ilc mood ol ilc dcvoiccs. Tlc souicc and
aciiviiics ol ilosc loims aic uniouclcd by maiciial coniaminaiion.
TEXT 10-11
jivanam hrama-bnavanam Iahsananam vícaratan
haIo víbnajyatc sastrc áasaána rsíbnín prtnah
tat tat haIagato bnavan hrsnasya Iahsyatc ní yan
sa cva hatnyatc víjnaír avataro narcn híIa
Alici considciaiion, ilc sagcs lavc dividcd ilc lisioiy ol ilc living cniiiics'
advanccmcni inio icn pciiods ol iimc. Lacl pciiod las dillcicni sympioms, wiil
cacl succcssivc mood supciioi io ilc picvious. Lacl piogicssivc mood is
dcsciibcd as an incainaiion.
TEXT 12
hcnacíá bnajyatc haIas catur-vímsatíána víáa
astaáasa-víbnagc va cavatara-víbnagasan
Somc lcaincd sclolais lavc dividcd ilis pciiod ol iimc inio iwcniy-loui and
ascciiaincd iwcniy-loui incainaiions. Yci ilcic aic oilcis wlo lavc dividcd ii inio
cigliccn wiil ilc coiicsponding numbci ol incainaiions.
TEXT 13
mayaya ramanam tuccnam hrsnasya cít svarupínan
jivasya tattva-víjnanc ramanam tasya sammatam
Somc pcoplc say ilai ilc Supicmc Loid is omnipoicni, ilcicloic Hc may
somciimcs incainaic by His inconccivablc cncigy in a maiciial body, and all
incainaiions can ilcicloic bc acccpicd simply as lisioiical incidcnis. Accoiding io
ilc opinion ol swanlilc Vaisnavas, ilis siaicmcni is cxiicmcly unicasonablc
bccausc ii is impossiblc loi Loid Kisna io acccpi a maiciial body and pciloim
maiciial aciiviiics. Sucl aciion would bc insignilicani and abominablc loi Him.
lui His appcaiancc and pasiimcs in ilc lcaiis ol ilc icalizcd living cniiiics' aic
acccpicd by boil ilc sadlus and Kisna.
TEXT 1+
cnayayan surya-sambnogo yatna na gnatatc hvacít
mayayan hrsna-sambnogas tatna nasyat haáacana
As ilc sun cannoi cnjoy iis sladow, Kisna cannoi cnjoy maya.
TEXT 15
mayasrítasya jivasya nráayc hrsna-bnavana
hcvaIam hrpaya tasya nanyatna ní haáacana
Wlai io spcal ol Kisna cnjoying maya, Hc is noi cvcn sccn by pcisons wlo aic
undci ilc slclici ol maya. Yci simply by ilc mcicy ol Kisna onc can casily scc
Him iliougl samaání.
TEXT 16
sri hrsna-carítam sahsat samaání-áarsítam híIa
na tatra haIpana mítnya nctínaso jaáasrítan
Tlc puic aciiviiics ol Kisna lavc bccn pciccivcd iliougl ilc samaání ol swanlilc
pcisons lilc Vyasadcva. Kisna's aciiviiics aic noi cxacily lisioiical lilc ilosc ol
pcoplc undci ilc cluiclcs ol maya, bccausc Kisna's aciiviiics aic noi limiicd io any
iimc oi placc. Noi aic His aciiviiics compaiablc wiil ilc aciiviiics ol oidinaiy
pcoplc.
TEXT 17
vayam tu carítam tasya varnayaman samatasan
tattvatan hrpaya hrsna- caítanyasya manatmanan
Alici caiclul considciaiion and by ilc mcicy ol Siï Kisna Caiianya wc will lcicin
biiclly dcsciibc ilc aciiviiics ol Kisna.
TEXT 18
sarvcsam avataranam artno boányo yatna maya
hcvaIam hrsna-tattvasya cartno víjnapíto ánuna
Tlc cxplanaiion on ilc scicncc ol Kisna ilai is picscnicd in ilis bool may bc
applicd io His vaiious incainaiions. Tlc conclusion is ilai Kisna is ilc iooi causc
and sccd ol all incainaiions. Hc is cicinally cnjoying pasiimcs wiil ilc living
cniiiics as ilc Supcisoul. Tlc Supcisoul iccipiocaics accoiding io ilc mood and
icalizaiion a living cniiiy acquiics wlilc iiavcling on ilc pail ol liuiiivc aciiviiics.
lui Kisna docs noi pcisonally appcai uniil spiiiiual aiiaclmcni aiiscs in ilc lcaiis
ol ilc living cniiiics. Tlcicloic all oilci incainaiions appcai liom ilc Supcisoul,
ol wlom Kisna is ilc oiiginal sccd (scc Clapici 2 vciscs 22-23).
TEXT 19
vaísnavan sara-sampannas tyahtva vahya-maIam mama
grnnam tu sara-sampattím sri hrsna-carítam muáa
Wc appcal io ilc swanlilc Vaisnavas io ignoic ilc impcilcciions ol ilcsc vciscs
and lappily iclisl Kisna's aciiviiics, wlicl aic ilc csscncc and wcalil ol all living
cniiiics.
TEXT 20
vayam tu banu-yatncna na sahta ácsa-haIatan
samuáánartum manisam na prapanca-piáíta yatan
Rcgaiding ilcsc dcsciipiions ol Kisna's aciiviiics, dcspiic mucl clloii wc wcic
unablc io icsiiain oui iniclligcncc liom considciaiions ol iimc and spacc, bccausc
wc aic noi licc liom ilc pangs ol maiciial lilc.
TEXT 21
tatnapí gaura-canárasya hrpa-varí-níscvanat
sarvcsam nráayc hrsna rasabnavo nívartatam
Siill, alici diinling ilc slowci ol mcicy liom Siï Gauiacandia, ilc son ol Sacï and
oui only guidc, lci wlaicvci liiilc wc lavc dcsciibcd lcicin cnici ilc lcaiis ol all
living cniiiics io lill ilc abscncc ol hrsna-rasa; ilai is, lci cvciyonc iclisl ilc
iiansccndcnial mcllows in iclaiionslip wiil Kisna.
1nus cnás tnc 1nírá Cnaptcr oj Siï Kisna-samliia, cntítIcá
ºDcscríptíons oj tnc Lorás |ncarnatíons.¨
May Loid Kisna bc plcascd.
Chapfer Four
The Pasfimes of Lord Krsna
Texf 1-2
yaáa ní jiva-víjnanam purnam asan manitaIc
hramoráána-gatíritya ca ávaparc bnaratc híIa
taáa sattvam vísuáánam yaá vasuácva ítirítan
branma-jnana-víbnagc ní matnurayam ajayata
Two iypcs ol pcisons, ilc hanístna-aáníharis and ilc uttama-aáníharis, aic cligiblc
loi undcisianding ilc scicncc ol Kisna. Tlc maányama-aáníharis cannoi
undcisiand ilis scicncc duc io ilcii doubiing naiuic. Maányama-aáníharis aic
lnown as ciilci impcisonalisis oi woislipcis ol ilc supicmc coniiollci. Il ilcy aic
loiiunaic, ilcn by ilc siicngil ol dcvoiccs' associaiion ilcy bccomc uttama-
aáníharis and also icalizc ilc swccincss ol Kisna's aciiviiics iliougl ilc pioccss ol
samaání. Alilougl by ilc mcicy ol Kisna, living cniiiics can casily aiiain ilc siagc
ol uttama-aáníhari, pcoplc gcncially lavc gicaici laiil in aigumcnis aiising liom
ilc samvít aspcci ol ilc cxicinal cncigy and disicgaid ilc simplc pioccss ol
samaání as supcisiiiious. Il ilcy bccomc laiillul, lowcvci, ilcn ilcy liisi bccomc
hanístna-aáníharis, and laici, by ilc associaiion ol dcvoiccs, by lollowing ilc
dcvoiccs' insiiuciions, and by giadual advanccmcni, ilcy can cciiainly bccomc
uttama-aáníharis. lui il ilcy aic doubilul liom ilc bcginning, ilcn ciilci ilcy
bccomc loiiunaic and cioss ilc occan ol aigumcnis io bccomc uttama-aáníharis oi
ilcy bccomc moic avcisc io ilc Loid and lall away liom ilc pail ol libciaiion.
Tlcicloic wlcn ilc cxpciicnccd lnowlcdgc ol ilc living cniiiics aiiaincd maiuiiiy
by laiillul discussion, ilcn ai ilc cnd ol Dvapaia-yuga in ilc pious land ol
llaiaia-vaisa in Mailuia, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol Absoluic lnowlcdgc, King
Vasudcva, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol puic goodncss, iool biiil.
TEXT 3
satvatam vamsa-sambnuto vasuácvo manomayim
ácvahim agranit hamsa nastíhya bnagínim satim
Vasudcva appcaicd in a lamily ol dcvoiccs and maiiicd Dcvalï, ilc so-callcd sisici
ol Kamsa, wlo was ilc pcisonilicaiion ol ailcism.
TEXT +
bnagavaá bnava-sambnutcn sanhaya bnoja-pamsuIan
arunánaá áampati tatra haragarc suáurmaáan
Icaiing ilc Loid's advcni liom ilis couplc, ilc wiciclcd Kamsa ol ilc lloja
dynasiy aiicsicd ilcm and pui ilcm in ilc jail ol icmcmbiancc. Ii is undcisiood
ilai ilc dcsccndanis ol ilc Yadu dynasiy wcic all dcvoiccs, wlilc ilc dcsccndanis
ol ilc lloja dynasiy wcic all cxiicmcly aigumcniaiivc and avcisc io ilc Loid.
TEXT 5
yasan hirtyaáayan putran saá asan hramasas tayon
tc sarvc nínata baIyc hamscncsa-víroánína
Tlai couplc giadually bcgoi six sons sucl as Yasa and Kïiii, bui Kamsa, wlo is
avcisc io ilc Loid, lillcd ilcm in ilcii clildlood.
TEXT 6
jiva-tattvam vísuáánam yaá bnagavaá áasya bnusanam
taá cva bnagavan raman saptamc samajayata
Siï laladcva is dccoiaicd wiil scivicc io ilc Loid and is ilc iiansccndcnial
icscivoii ol all living cniiiics. Hc is ilcii scvcnil son.
TEXT 7
jnanasramayc cíttc suáána-jivan pravartatc
hamsasya haryamasanhya sa yatí vraja-manáíram
Siï laladcva is ilc iiansccndcnial icscivoii ol all living cniiiics, and Hc appcaicd
in ilc womb ol Dcvalï, wlo icpicscnis ilc lcaii lillcd wiil lnowlcdgc. lui oui ol
lcai ol His maicinal unclc Kamsa, Hc wcni io His lomc in Viaja.
TEXT 8
tatna suáánamayc cíttc ranínyam ca vísaty asau
ácvahi-garbna-nasas tu jnapítas cabnavat taáa
Hc was iianslciicd io ilc laiillul abodc ol Viaja and cnicicd ilc liimly dcvoicd
lcaii ol Rolinï. Ncws ol Dcvalï's miscaiiiagc was spicad ai ilis iimc.
TEXT 9
astamc bnagavan sahsaá aísvaryahnyam áaánat tanum
praáur asin manaviryan hamsa-ánvamsa cíhirsaya
Rigli alici ilc appcaiancc ol ilc iiansccndcnial icscivoii ol all living cniiiics,
awaicncss ol ilc Loid appcaicd in ilc lcaii ol ilc living cniiiics. Tlcicalici ilc
ciglil son, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, appcaicd as Naiayana wiil lull
opulcnccs. Tlc gicaily lcioic Loid appcaicd wiil a dcsiic io vanquisl Kamsa, wlo
was ilc pcisonilicaiion ol ailcism.
TEXT 10
vraja-bnumím taáanitan svarupcnabnavaá ánarín
sanáníni nírmíta sa tu vísvaso bnítír cva ca
Tlc Loid in His own loim as Kisna was biougli io Viaja, wlicl is cicaicd by ilc
sanáníni aspcci ol ilc spiiiiual poicncy. Tlc iooi loundaiion ol ilis land is laiil.
Tlc puipoii is ilai ilis land docs noi cxisi in aigumcni oi spcculaiivc lnowlcdgc;
ii cxisis in laiil.
TEXT 11
na jnanam na ca vaíragyam tatra ársyam bnavct haáa
tatraíva nanáa-gopan syaá ananáa íva murtíman
Spcculaiivc lnowlcdgc oi icnunciaiion is noi lound ilcic. Tlc mosi blisslul son ol
Nanda is ilc only auiloiiiy ilcic. Tlcic is no considciaiion ol supciioiiiy oi
inlciioiiiy ol ilc dillcicni casics in ilai abodc. Tlai is wly Hc appcaicd in ilc
lamily ol cowlcid mcn. Hc always cngagcd in icnding and pioicciing ilc cows, as
sucl aciiviiics aic dcvoid ol opulcncc and lull ol swccincss.
TEXT 12
uIIasa-rupíni tasya yasoáa sana-ánarmíni
ajijanan manamayam yam saurír nitavan vrajat
Tlc inlciioi cncigy, Maya, wlo was bcgoiicn by ilc blisslul moilci Yasoda, ilc
wilc ol Nanda, was ialcn oui ol Viaja by Vasudcva. Tlc mundanc conccpiion ilai
is inlcicni in ilc condiiioncd souls' impicssion ol ilc spiiiiual abodc is dcsiioycd
by ilc aiiival ol Kisna.
TEXT 13
hramaso varáánatc hrsnan ramcna sana gohuIc
vísuáána-prcma-suryasya prasantahara sanhuIc
Tlc inconccivablc Supicmc Loid, Siï Kisna, and ilc iiansccndcnial icscivoii ol all
living cniiiics, lalaiama, gicw up iogcilci in Golula, wlicl is lillcd wiil ilc iays
ol ilc iiansccndcnial sun ol puic lovc.
TEXT 1+
prcríta putana tatra hamscna baIa-gnatíni
matrvyaja svarupa sa mamara hrsna-tcjasa
Wiil a dcsiic io lill Kisna, ilc ailcisi Kamsa scni Puiana, ilc clild-lillci, io
Viaja. Dccciving Kisna wiil moilcily allcciion, Puiana ollcicd Him lci bicasi-
mill and was lillcd by Kisna's piowcss.
TEXT 15
tarha-rupas trnavartan hrsna-bnavan mamara na
bnaravaní svarupam tu babnanja sahatam narín
Tinavaiia, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol aigumcni, was also lillcd by ilc Loid's piowcss.
Tlcicalici ilc Loid biolc ilc asslilc Salaia, wlo only caiiicd loads.
TEXT 16
ananabnyantarc hrsno matrc praáarsayan jagat
aáarsayaá avíáyam ní cíc-cnahtí-ratí-posíham
Siï Kisna slowcd His moilci ilc wlolc univcisc wlcn Hc opcncd His mouil, bui
moilci Yasoda could noi acccpi Kisna's opulcncc duc io bcing ovciwlclmcd by
ilc spiiiiual poicncy's ncscicncc ilai nouiislcs aiiaclmcni. Tlc iiansccndcnial
dcvoiccs aic so mucl ovciwlclmcd by ilc Loid's swccincss ilai ilcy cannoi
acccpi ilc Loid's opulcncc in spiic ol iis picscncc. Tlis ncscicncc, lowcvci, is noi
a maiciial pioduci.
TEXT 17
árstvaca-baIa-capaIam gopi suIIa-sarupíni
banánanaya manas cahrc rajjva hrsnasya sa vrtna
Alici sccing Kisna's clildisl misclicl, in ilc loim ol sicaling ilc lcaii (in ilc
loim ol buiici), Yasoda, ilc loim ol joylulncss, laboicd in vain io bind Kisna wiil
iopcs.
TEXT 18
na yasya parímanam vaí tasyaíva banánanam híIa
hcvaIam prcma-sutrcna cahara nanáa-gcníni
Hc wlo las no maiciial loim was bound by Yasoda wiil only a ilicad ol lovc. Onc
cannoi aiiain ilc pcilcciion ol binding Kisna wiil maiciial iopcs.
TEXT 19
baIa-hriáa-prasangcna hrsnasya banána-cncáanam
abnavaá varhsa bnavat tu nímcsaá ácva-putrayon
In ilc couisc ol Kisna's clildlood pasiimcs, ilc iwo sons ol Kuvcia wcic casily
dclivcicd liom ilcii loims as iiccs.
TEXT 20
ancna áarsítam saánu- sangasya pnaIam uttamam
ácvopí jaáatam yatí huharma-nírato yaáí
Wc can undcisiand iwo insiiuciions liom ilc dclivciancc ol ilc Yamalaijuna iiccs.
Tlc liisi is ilai by a momcni's associaiion wiil a dcvoicc, ilc living cniiiy is liccd
liom bondagc. Sccondly, by ilc associaiion ol nondcvoiccs, cvcn ilc dcmigods
bccomc maiciialisiic and cngagc in sinlul aciiviiics.
TEXT 21
vatsanam caranc hrsnan sahníbnír yatí hananam
tatna vatsasuram nantí baIa-áosa-magnam bnrsam
Tlc clild Kisna cnicicd ilc loicsi wiil His liicnds in oidci io icnd ilc cows. Tlis
mcans ilai ilc puic living cniiiics, wlo aic ovciwlclmcd wiil ilc ncscicncc ol ilc
spiiiiual poicncy, aiiain ilc loim ol calvcs duc io bcing lixcd in lcclings ol
suboidinaiion io Kisna. Vaisasuia, ilc loim ol boylood ollcnscs, was lillcd in ilc
pasiuic giounds.
TEXT 22
taáa tu ánarma-hapatya svarupo baha-rupa-ánrh
hrsncna suáána-buááncna nínatan hamsa-paIítan
lalasuia, wlo was mainiaincd by Kamsa and wlo pcisonilicd clcaiing icligion,
was lillcd by ilc puicly iniclligcni Kisna.
TEXT 23
agno pí maráítan sarpo nrsamsatva-svarupahan
yamuna-puIínc hrsno bubnujc sahníbnís taáa
Tlc snalc namcd Agla, wlo was ilc loim ol ciucliy, was subducd. Alici ilis, ilc
Loid lad a picnic ol simpliciiy.
TEXT 2+
gopaIa-baIahan vatsan corayítva catur-muhnan
hrsnasya mayaya mugáno babnuva jagatam víánín
Mcanwlilc, ilc loui-lcadcd lialma, ilc cicaioi ol all plancis and spcalci ol ilc
loui Vcáas, bccamc ovciwlclmcd by Kisna's cxicinal cncigy and siolc ilc calvcs
and cowlcid boys.
TEXT 25
ancna áarsíta hrsna- maánuryc prabnuta maIa
na hrsno víání-vaányo ní prcyan hrsnan svatas cítam
ly ilis incidcni, Kisna displaycd complcic dominaiion in His supicmc swccincss.
Alilougl mcicly a cowlcid boy, Hc slowcd His complcic coniiol ovci ilc cicaioi
ol ilc univcisc. Ii is also undcisiood liom ilis pasiimc ilai ilc dcaimosi pcison ol
ilc spiiiiual woild, Kisna, is noi coniiollcd by any icgulaiion.
TEXT 26
cíá-acíá vísvanasc pí hrsnaísvaryam na huntnítam
na ho pí hrsna-samartnya- samuára Iangnanc hsaman
Alici lialma siolc ilc boys and calvcs, ilc Loid pcisonally manilcsicd Himscll as
ilc boys and calvcs and casily coniinucd on wiil His pasiimcs. Iiom ilis ii is
clcaily undcisiood ilai cvcn wiil ilc dcsiiuciion ol ilc maiciial and spiiiiual
woilds, ilc opulcncc ol Kisna is ncvci lampcicd. No onc can suipass Kisna's
abiliiics, no maiici low capablc lc is.
TEXT 27
stnuIa-buáání-svarupo yam garáabno áncnuhasuran
nasto bnuá baIaácvcna suáána-jivcna áurmatín
Dlcnulasuia, wlo pcisonilics ilc ass ol bluni judgcmcni, was lillcd by laladcva,
ilc iiansccndcnial icscivoii ol all living cniiiics.
TEXT 28
hruratma haIiyan sarpan saIíIam cíá-áravatmaham
samáusya yamunam papo narína Iancníto gatan
Tlc Kaliya snalc, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol malicc, polluicd ilc Yamuna waicis,
wlicl aic spiiiiual liquid. Tlc Loid ioiiuicd and banislcd lim.
TEXT 29
paraspara vívaáatma áava-vannír bnayanharan
bnahsíto narína sahsaá vraja-ánama-subnartnína
Tlc loimidablc loicsi liic, ilc loim ol quaiicl amongsi Vaisnava sampraáayas, was
swallowcd by ilc Loid in oidci io pioicci ilc land ol Viaja.
TEXT 30
praIambo jiva-cauras tu suááncna saurína natan
hamscna prcríto áustan praccnanno bauáána-rupa-ánrh
Tlc iascal Pialambasuia, wlo siolc away ilc icscivoii ol all living cniiiics and
wlo pcisonilicd ilc covcicd loim ol luddlisi plilosoply, Mayavada, was scni by
ilc ailcisi Kamsa and lillcd by laladcva.
1nus cnás tnc Iourtn Cnaptcr oj Siï Kisna-samliia, cntítIcá
ºPastímcs oj Krsna.¨
May Loid Kisna bc plcascd.
Chapfer Five
The Pasfimes of Lord Krsna
TEXT 1
prití-pravrt samarambnc gopya bnavatmíhas taáa
sri hrsnasya guna-ganc tu pramattas ta narí-príyan
Wlcn maánurya-rasa bccomcs cxccssivcly liquilicd, ilcn lovc pouis lilc iain
duiing ilc iainy scason. Tlcn ilc gopis, wlo aic mosi dcai io Haii and lully
absoibcd in His ilougli, bccomc maddcncd wlilc claniing His gloiics.
TEXT 2
sri hrsna-vcnu-gitcna vyahuIas tan samarccayan
yoga-mayan mana-ácvim hrsna-Iabncccnaya vrajc
lcing ovciwlclmcd by ilc sound ol Kisna's lluic, ilc gopis ol Viaja woislipcd
goddcss Yogamaya wiil a dcsiic io aiiain Kisna. Tlc appcaiancc ol ilc iiuil ol
Vailunila in ilc puic consciousncss ol ilc living cniiiics ol ilis woild is callcd
Viaja. Tlc woid vraja mcans io go.` Ii is impossiblc io clcvaic oncscll in ilis
maiciial woild by icjcciing maya, ilcicloic onc slould ialc slclici ol lavoiablc
maiciial iicms and iiy io scaicl loi ilc indcsciibablc iiuil. Ioi ilis icason living
cniiiics wlo lavc aiiaincd ilc mood ol gopis ialc slclici ol ilc gicai goddcss
Yogamaya io lclp ilcm aiiain ilc Loid's pasiimcs in ilc spiiiiual woild.
TEXT 3-+
ycsam tu hrsna-áascccna vartatc baIavattara
gopaniyam na tcsam ní svasmín vanyatra híncana
ctaá vaí síhsayan hrsno vastraní vyanaran prabnun
áaáarsanavrtam cíttam ratí-stnanam anamayam
Tlosc pcisons wlo lavc an inicnsc dcsiic io scivc Kisna lavc no sccicis amongsi
ilcmsclvcs oi wiil oilcis. In oidci io icacl ilis piinciplc io ilc dcvoiccs, Kisna
siolc ilc cloilcs ol ilc gopis. A lcaii ilai is siiuaicd in puic goodncss is ilc piopci
abodc loi aiiaclmcni io ilc Loid. Hc cxposcd ilc gopis lovc loi Him by sicaling
away ilcii cloilcs.
TEXT 5
branmanams ca jagannatno yajnannam samayacata
branmana na áaáur bnahtam varnabnímaníno yatan
Wlilc icnding ilc cows ncai Mailuia, Siï Kisna bcggcd lood giains liom ilc
branmanas wlo wcic cngagcd in saciilicc. lcing pioud ol ilcii casic, ilosc
branmanas considcicd ilai pciloiming saciiliccs was ilc liglcsi piinciplc and
ilcicloic did noi givc Kisna any lood.
TEXT 6
vcáa-vaáa-rata vípran harma-jnana-parayanan
víáninam vanahan sasvat hatnam hrsna-rata ní tc
Tlc icason loi ilis is ilai ligl-casic branmanas aic so-callcd lollowcis ol ilc
Vcáas, and ilcicloic ilcy cannoi icalizc ilc subilc puipoii ol ilc Vcáas. Tlcy
lollow ilc pioccss ol insignilicani liuiiivc aciiviiics and bccomc maiciialisiic, oi
ilcy siudy ilc scicncc ol scll-icalizaiion and spcculaiivc lnowlcdgc and bccomc
absoibcd in impcisonalism. Sucl branmanas piclci io simply icmain coniiollcd by
ilc sciipiuial injunciions oi picvious anccsiois by loimally caiiying oui ilcii
insiiuciions. Tlcy aic unablc io undcisiand ilai aiiaclmcni io ilc Loid is ilc
piimaiy puiposc ol all sciipiuics, so low can ilcy bccomc scivanis ol Kisna' Wc
slould noi misundcisiand liom ilis ilai all branmanas aic mundanc liuiiivc
woilcis oi lollowcis ol spcculaiivc lnowlcdgc. Many gicai pcisonaliiics appcaicd
in branmana lamilics and aiiaincd ilc iopmosi posiiion ol dcvoiional scivicc.
Tlcicloic ilc puipoii ol ilis vcisc is ilai asslilc branmanas wlo loimally caiiy
oui ilc iulcs and icgulaiions aic avcisc io Kisna, bui swanlilc branmanas aic
scivanis ol Kisna and ilus woislipablc by all.
TEXT 7
tcsam stríyas taáagatya sri-hrsna-sanníáním vanc
ahurvannatma-áanam vaí hrsnaya paramatmanc
Tlc wivcs ol ilc asslilc branmanas icpicscni pcoplc wlo aic suboidinaic io ilosc
wiil undcvclopcd laiil. lcing undci ilc coniiol ol ilc swccincss ol Kisna, wlo is
ilc Supcisoul, ilcy wcni io ilc loicsi and ollcicd ilcmsclvcs io Him. Tlosc wlo
lavc undcvclopcd laiil aic callcd mundanc dcvoiccs.
TEXT 8
ctcna áarsítam tattvam jivanam samaáarsanam
sri-hrsna-prití-sampattau jatí-buáánír na haranam
ly ilis incidcni ilc cqualiiy ol all living cniiiics is ascciiaincd. Tlcic is no
considciaiion ol casic in plcasing Kisna, iailci casic consciousncss somciimcs
bccomcs an obsiaclc in ilc dcvclopmcni ol lovc.
TEXT 9
naranam varna-bnago ní samajíha víánír matan
tyajan varnasraman ánarman hrsnartnan ní na áosabnah
In oidci io mainiain social oidci, ilc Ãiyans dividcd sociciy inio loui casics and
loui social oidcis. Il ilc social sysicm is pioiccicd, ilcn pcoplc's spiiiiual livcs aic
nouiislcd by good associaiion and discussion. Tlcicloic ilc varnasrama sysicm
slould bc acccpicd in all icspccis. ly ilis aiiangcmcni ilcic is a possibiliiy ol
giadually aiiaining lovc loi Kisna. Tlc main puiposc loi ilis aiiangcmcni is ilc
culiivaiion ol spiiiiual lilc, oi lovc loi Kisna. Lvcn il onc aiiains pcilcciion
wiiloui lollowing ilis pioccss, siill ii slould noi bc disicgaidcd. Ai ilis poini onc
slould undcisiand ilai alici aiiaining pcilcciion, ilis pioccss naiuially bccomcs
unimpoiiani. Tlcic is no lauli in ilc icjcciion ol ilc iclaiivcly lcss impoiiani
pioccss ol varnasrama by ilosc wlo lavc aiiaincd pcilcciion in ilc loim ol lovc
loi Kisna. Tlcicloic ilc conclusion is ilai laulis and qualiiics can bc aiiiibuicd
only in icspcci io ilc qualilicaiion ol ilc pciloimci.
TEXT 10
ínárasya harma-rupasya nísíánya yajnam utsavan
varsanat pIavanat tasya rarahsa gohuIam narín
Loid Yajncsvaia is ilc picdominaiing Loid ol ilc aciiviiics loi pioicciing ilc
social oidci. His icpicscniaiivc amongsi ilc living cniiiics is India. Sucl aciiviiics
aic ol iwo vaiiciics-consiiiuiional and condiiional. Tlosc icgulai aciiviiics wlicl
aic mcani loi mainiaining onc's lilc aic callcd consiiiuiional. Any aciiviiics oilci
ilan ilcsc aic condiiional. Il wc considci, wc can undcisiand ilai all liuiiivc
aciiviiics lall undci ilc caicgoiy ol ciilci consiiiuiional oi condiiional. Tlcicloic
aciiviiics pciloimcd ciilci wiil maiciial dcsiic oi wiiloui maiciial dcsiic lall
undci ilc caicgoiics ol consiiiuiional oi condiiional aciiviiics. Loid Kisna loibadc
His dcvoiccs liom pciloiming any aciiviiics oilci ilan ilosc mcani loi
mainiaining ilcii livcs. Wlcn India, ilc loid ol liuiiivc aciiviiics, saw Loid Kisna
aiiangc io ncglcci ilc aciiviiics mcani io nouiisl ilc woild, lc cicaicd a gicai
disiuibancc. Tlc Loid pioiccicd ilc dcvoiccs liom llood and supplicd ilcii nccds
by acccpiing Govaidlana, ilc cxpanding slclici ol sobci pcisons, as an umbiclla.
TEXT 11
ctcna jnapítam tattvam hrsna-pritím gatasya vaí
na hacíá vartatc sanha vísva-nasa harmanan
Il ilc aciiviiics ilai nouiisl ilc woild aic ncglccicd loi ilc culiivaiion ol Kisna
consciousncss, ilc dcvoiccs ol Kisna slould noi lccl anxiciy.
TEXT 12
ycsam hrsnan samuáánartta tcsam nanta na hascana
víánanam na baIam tcsu bnahtanam hutra banánanam
No onc can dcsiioy onc wlom Kisna wanis io pioicci. Tlc siicngil ol icgulaiions
cannoi inllucncc sucl pcisons. Wlai io spcal ol ilc bondagc ol icgulaiions,
noiling oilci ilan ilc bondagc ol lovc loi ilc Loid can bind ilc dcvoiccs.
TEXT 13
vísvasa-vísayc ramyc naái cíá-árava-rupíni
tasyam tu pítaram magnam uáánrtya-IiIaya narín
In Siï Vindavana, ilc land ol laiil, ilc Yamuna, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol spiiiiual
liquid, llows. Nanda Malaiaja was mcigcd in ilai waici, and ilc Loid dclivcicd
lim as paii ol His pasiimcs.
TEXT 1+
áarsayamasa vaíhuntnam gopcbnyo narír atmanan
aísvaryam hrsnas tattvc tu sarvaáa nínítam híIa
Tlcicalici, Loid Kisna mcicilully displaycd ilc iiuil and opulcncc ol Vailunila
io ilc cowlcid mcn. Tlis slows ilai Kisna's swccincss is so piomincni ilai His
opulcnccs bccomc covcicd by iis picscncc.
TEXT 15
jivanam nítya-síáánanam anuganam apí príyan
aharoá rasa-IiIam vaí prití-tattva-prahasíham
Tlc Loid, wlo is vciy dcai io ilc cicinally pcilcci living cniiiics and ilcii
lollowcis, pciloimcd His rasa-IiIa, wlicl is ilc culminaiion ol ccsiaiic lovc.
TEXT 16
antaráánana-víyogcna varáánayan smaram uttamam
gopíha-rasa-cahrc tu nanarta hrpaya narín
Alici ilc mosi mcicilul Loid incicascd ilc amoious lovc ol ilc gopis by suddcnly
disappcaiing liom ilcm, Hc bcgan io dancc in ilc ciiclc ol ilc rasa-IiIa.
TEXT 17-18
jaáatmahc yatna vísvc ánruvasyaharsanat híIa
bnramantí manáaIaharan sasurya grana-sanhuIan
tatna cíá-vísayc hrsnasy- aharsana-baIaá apí
bnramantí nítyaso jivan sri-hrsnc maányagc satí
In ilis maiciial woild, wlicl is cicaicd by maya, ilcic is a piinciplc consicllaiion
namcd Dliuva. All ilc suns along wiil ilcii plancis coniinually ciiclc aiound
Dliuva by iis powci ol aiiiaciion. Tlc main considciaiion is ilai ilcic is an
cncigy lnown as aiiiaciion in all maiciial aioms. ly ilc siicngil ol ilis cncigy,
aioms aic aiiiacicd io cacl oilci and ilcy ilus cicaic a globulai planci. Wlcn
ilcsc plancis aic aiiiacicd io a laigci globulai planci, ilcy bcgin io movc aiound
ii. Tlis is ilc invaiiablc law ol ilis maiciial woild. Maya is ilc basis ol ilc
maiciial woild and only a icllcciion ol ilc spiiiiual woild. Tlis las alicady bccn
cxplaincd picviously wlilc discussing ilc cncigics ol ilc Loid. ly ilcii cicinal
consiiiuiion, in ilc loim ol lovc, ilc spaillilc conscious living cniiiics in ilc
spiiiiual woild aic aiiiacicd io onc anoilci, and ilcy imiiaic onc wiil moic
clcvaicd consciousncss. Tlosc moic clcvaicd conscious pcisons wiil ilcii
suboidinaic conscious associaics consianily movc in ilc rasa-IiIa ciiclc ol Kisna,
wlo is ilc supciconscious supicmc Dliuva. Tlcicloic ilc gicai rasa-IiIa pasiimcs
aic cicinally manilcsi in ilc icalm ol Vailunila. In ilc spiiiiual woild ilc cvci-
cxisiing aiiaclmcni cxicnds lovc up io manabnava, and in ilc maiciial woild ilc
icllcciion cxicnds as an inconccivablc maiciial aiiiaciion ilai cicaics
vaiicgaicdncss. In oidci io illusiiaic subilc iiuils by gioss cxamplcs wc say ilai in
ilc maiciial woild ilc sun along wiil ilc plancis aic consianily moving aiound
ilc Dliuva consicllaiion by ilc siicngil ol iis aiiiaciion, jusi as all puic living
cniiiics cicinally ciiclc aiound Kisna by ilc siicngil His aiiiaciion.
TEXT 19
mana-rasa-vínarc smín purusan hrsna cva ní
sarvc nari-ganas tatra bnogya-bnohtr vícaratan
In ilc iiansccndcnial rasa-IiIa pasiimcs, Siï Kisna is ilc only cnjoyci and all oilcis
aic cnjoycd. Tlc conclusion is ilai ilc sunlilc pcisonaliiy ol ilc spiiiiual woild,
Loid Siï Kisna, is ilc only malc and ilc living cniiiics aic all lcmalc. All ilc
iclaiionslips ol ilc spiiiiual woild aic bascd on puic lovc, onc ilcicloic linds ilc
cnjoyci is malc and ilc cnjoycd aic lcmalc. Tlc malcs and lcmalcs ol ilc maiciial
woild aic pcivciicd icllcciions ol ilc cnjoyci and cnjoycd ol ilc spiiiiual woild. Il
onc scaiclcs iliougl all diciionaiics onc will noi lind ilc woids io piopcily
dcsciibc ilc spiiiiual pasiimcs ol ilc supicmcly conscious Loid and His associaics.
Hcncc ilc dcsciipiions ol ilc man and woman ol ilc maiciial woild aic uscd lcic
as an appiopiiaic indicaiion. Tlcic is no ncccssiiy oi suggcsiion ol obsccnc
ilouglis in ilis icgaid. Il wc icjcci ilcsc aciiviiics as obsccnc, ilcn wc miss ilc
oppoiiuniiy io discuss ilai supicmc pasiimc. Wc aic ablc io dcsciibc ilc iiuils ol
Vailunila by dcsciibing mundanc cmoiions as ilc icllcciions ol spiiiiual
cmoiions. Tlcic is no oilci alicinaiivc in ilis icgaid. Ioi cxamplc: Kisna is
mcicilul. lui io slow low Kisna is mcicilul, onc las io givc ilc cxamplc ol
cciiain pcisons wlo aic mcicilul. Tlcic is no way ol cxpicssing ilis qualiiy oilci
ilan by giving a wcll-lnown cxamplc. Tlcicloic swanlilc pcisons slould givc up
slyncss and obsccnc considciaiions and ilcn lcai, icad, and ilinl aboui ilc
iiansccndcnial iopics ol ilc rasa-IiIa wiiloui anxiciy.
TEXT 20
tatraíva paramaraánya nIaáíni hrsna-bnasíni
bnavaín sa rasa-maányastna sahnibni raáníhavrta
Tlc iopmosi cxpicssion ol ilc rasa-IiIa is ilai Siïmaiï Radlila, wlo is ilc
pcisonilicaiion ol nIaáíni, wlo manilcsis ilc swccincss ol Kisna, and wlo is
supicmcly woislipablc by ilc living cniiiics, is suiioundcd by ilc sahnis, wlo aic
pcisonilicaiions ol vaiious cmoiions, and bcauiilully siiuaicd in ilc rasa dancc.
TEXT 21
mana-rasa-vínarantc jaIa-hriáa svabnavatan
vartatc yamunayam vaí árava-mayam satam híIa
Alici ilc rasa-IiIa dancc, ilc waici spoiis in ilc spiiiiual waicis ol ilc Yamuna
naiuially ialc placc.
TEXT 22
muhty aní-grasta nanáas tu hrsncna mocítas taáa
yasomuráánan suáuráanta sanhnacuáo natan pura
Wlcn Malaiaja Nanda, wlo is pcisonilicd lappincss, was swallowcd by ilc snalc,
wlo pcisonilics mciging wiil ilc Supicmc, Kisna, ilc pioiccioi ol ilc dcvoiccs,
icscucd lim liom dangci. Sanllacuda was ilc pcisonilicaiion ol lamc, bccausc lc
considcicd lamc as lis lilc and soul. Hc was lillcd wlilc iiying io cicaic
disiuibanccs in Viaja.
TEXT 23
gnotahatma natas tcna hcsi rajya-maáasuran
matnuram gantuhamcna hrsncna hamsa-vaírína
Wlcn Kisna, ilc cncmy ol Kamsa, dccidcd io go io Mailuia, ilc loisc dcmon
Kcsï, wlo pcisonilics ilc vaniiy ol poliiical ambiiion, was lillcd.
TEXT 2+
gnatyanam gnataho hruro matnuram anayaá ánarím
maIIan natva narín hamsam sanujam nípapata na
Aliuia, ilc caialysi ol luiuic cvcnis, iool Kisna and lalaiama io Mailuia, wlcic
ilc iwo Loids liisi lillcd ilc wicsilcis and ilcn Kamsa.
TEXT 25
nastíhyc vígatc hamsc svatantryam ugrascnaham
tasyaíva pítaran hrsnan hrtavan hsítí-paIaham
Alici ilc ailcisi Kamsa was lillcd, lis lailci, Ugiascna, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol
liccdom, was insiallcd on ilc ilionc by Kisna.
TEXT 26
hamsa-bnarya-ávayam gatva pítaram magaánasrayam
harma-hanáa-svarupam tam vaíánavyam vínyavcáayat
Tlc iwo wivcs ol Kamsa, Asii and Piapii, dcsciibcd ilc lilling ol ilcii lusband io
Jaiasandla, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol liuiiivc aciiviiics.
TEXT 27
srutvaítan magaáno raja svasaínya-parívarítan
sapta-áasa-mana-yuáánam hrtavan matnura-purc
Hcaiing ilcii dcsciipiion, ilc King ol Magadla gailcicd a lugc aimy and aiiaclcd
Mailuia scvcniccn iimcs, bui was dclcaicd cacl iimc.
TEXT 28
narína maráítan so pí gatvastaáasamc ranc
aruáánan matnuram hrsno jagama ávaraham svaham
Wlcn Jaiasandla again aiiaclcd Mailuia, ilc Loid wcni io His abodc ol Dvaiala.
Tlc main puipoii is ilai ilcic aic icn iypcs ol puiilicaioiy aciiviiics, sucl as
luncial iiics, along wiil loui casics and loui oidcis ol lilc, wlicl biings ilc ioial
io cigliccn. Among ilcsc, wlcn ilc cigliccnil, oi sannyasa, capiuics ilc abodc ol
lnowlcdgc, ilcn duc io ilc dcsiic loi libciaiion ilc Loid disappcais.
TEXT 29
matnurayam vasan hrsno gurv asramasrayat taáa
patnítva sarva-sastraní áattavan suta-jivanam
Duiing Kisna's icsidcncc in Mailuia, Hc lcli loi guruhuIa, wlcic Hc vciy casily
siudicd all ilc sciipiuics. Hc biougli ilc dcad sons ol His guiu bacl io lilc and
ollcicd ilcm io His guiu.
TEXT 30
svatan síáánasya hrsnasya jnanam saányam bnavcn na ní
hcvaIam nara-cíttcsu taá bnavanam hramoágatín
Tlcic is no nccd loi Kisna, wlo is indcpcndcnily pcilcci, io cndcavoi loi an
cducaiion, bui wlcn onc icsidcs in Mailuia, ilc abodc ol lnowlcdgc, onc's
lnowlcdgc giadually cxpands. Tlis was illusiiaicd in ilis pasiimc.
TEXT 31
hamínam apí hrsnc tu ratí-syan maIa-samyuta
sa ratín hramasan pritír bnavatina sunírmaIa
Tlosc wlo cnjoy ilc liuiis ol ilcii aciiviiics aic callcd lusiy. Sucl pcoplcs'
aiiaclmcni loi Kisna is coniaminaicd wiil impuiiiics, bui il ilcy culiivaic
aiiaclmcni io Kisna loi a long iimc, ilcn puic dcvoiion aiiscs.
TEXT 32
hubjayan pranayc tattvam ctaá vaí áarsítam subnam
vraja-bnava-susíhsartnam gohuIc coáánavo gatan
Wlilc icsiding in Mailuia, Kisna lad a sccmingly mundanc allaii wiil Kubja.
Alilougl ilcic wcic lusiy dcsiics in ilc lcaii ol Kubja, ilosc dcsiics wcic
uliimaicly iiansloimcd inio puic lovc. Tlcicalici Kisna scni Uddlava io Golula
io icacl lim ilai ilc loving scniimcnis ol ilc icsidcnis ol Viaja aic ilc liglcsi ol
all.
TEXT 33
panáava ánarma-sahna ní hauravas cctaran smrtan
panáavanam tatan hrsno banánavan huIa-rahsahan
In ilc smrtís ii is siaicd ilai ilc Pandavas wcic lilc ilc bianclcs ol icligion and
ilc Kauiavas wcic lilc bianclcs ol iiicligion. Tlcicloic Loid Kisna was ilc liicnd
and pioiccioi ol ilc Pandavas.
TEXT 3+
ahruram bnagavan áutam prcrayamasa nastínam
ánarmasya husaIartnam vaí papínam tranahamuhan
Tlc Loid scni Aliuia io Hasiinapuia as an ambassadoi io csiablisl icligious
piinciplcs and dclivci ilc sinlul pcisons.
1nus cnás tnc Iíjtn Cnaptcr oj Siï Kisna-samliia, cntítIcá
ºPastímcs oj Krsna.¨
May Loid Kisna bc plcascd.
Chapfer Six
The Pasfimes of Lord Krsna
TEXT 1
harma-hanáa-svarupo yam magaánan hamsa-banánavan
ruroána matnuram ramyam branma-jnana-svarupínim
Tlcic aic iwo iypcs ol aciiviiics-scll-ccnicicd and God-ccnicicd. God-ccnicicd
aciiviiics aic callcd laima-yoga, bccausc sucl aciiviiics nouiisl onc's lnowlcdgc,
and ilis lnowlcdgc along wiil ilosc aciiviiics cnlancc onc's aiiaclmcni io ilc
Loid. Tlis mixiuic ol laima, jnana, and bnahtí is callcd laima-yoga by somc
pcoplc, jnana-yoga by oilcis, and bnahtí-yoga by siill oilcis. Tlc swanlilc pcoplc
call ii a synilcsis ol yoga. Tlosc aciiviiics ilai aic scll-ccnicicd aic callcd liuiiivc
aciiviiics. Iiuiiivc aciiviiics gcncially cicaic doubis, in ilc loim ol Asii and Piapii,
in icgaid io ilc Loid. Iiuiiivc aciiviiics ilcn aiiangc ilcii maiiiagc wiil ailcism
¦Kamsa]. Tlis Jaiasandla, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol liuiiivc aciiviiics, obsiiucis
Mailuia, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol spiiiiual lnowlcdgc.
TEXT 2-3
mayaya banánavan hrsno nitavan ávaraham purim
mIcccnata yavanam nítva sa ramo gatavan narín
mucuhunáam manarajam muhtí-margaáníharínam
paáananaá áuracaras tasya tcjo natas taáa
ly His swcci will, Siï Kisna iool all His liicnds, ilc pcisonilicaiions ol dcvoiccs,
io Dvaiala, ilc pcisonilicd abodc ol icgulaiivc dcvoiional scivicc. Onc wlo docs
noi lollow ilc iulcs and icgulaiions ol varnasrama is callcd a yavana. Wlcn a
yavana pciloims illicii aciiviiics, lc is dcgiadcd luiilci inio a mIcccna. Wiil ilc
suppoii ol liuiiivc aciiviiics, ilis yavana was inimical io lnowlcdgc. King
Muculunda, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol ilc pail ol libciaiion, was liclcd by ilis
yavana, and ilc wiclcd yavana was lillcd by powcilul glancc ol Muculunda.
TEXT +
aísvarya-jnana-mayam vaí ávarahayam gato narín
uvana ruhmínim ácvim param-aísvarya-rupínim
Wlilc icsiding in Dvaiala, wlicl is lillcd wiil ilc lnowlcdgc ol opulcnccs, ilc
Loid maiiicd Rulminï, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol supicmc opulcncc.
TEXT 5
praáyumnan hama-rupo vaí jatas tasyan nrtas taáa
maya-rupcna áaítycna sambarcna áuratmana
As soon as Piadyumna, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol Cupid, was boin liom ilc womb ol
Rulminï, lc was immcdiaicly lidnappcd by ilc ciipplc-mindcd Sambaia, ilc
pcisonilicaiion ol maya.
TEXT 6
svapatnya ratí-ácvya sa síhsítan paravirana
nínatya sambaram hamo ávaraham gatavams taáa
In ancicni iimcs Cupid's body was buincd io aslcs by ilc diy icnunciaic
Maladcva. Ai ilai iimc, Raiidcvï, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol maiciial cnjoymcni, iool
slclici ol ilc dcmoniac naiuic. lui wlcn icgulaiivc dcvoiional scivicc aiosc, ilcn
Cupid was icboin in ilc loim ol Kisna's son. Hc ilcn dclivcicd lis wilc, Raiidcvï,
liom ilc cluiclcs ol dcmoniac naiuic. Tlc puipoii is ilai in yuhta-vaíragya,
icgulaicd lusi and aiiaclmcni aic acccpiablc. Taling lclp liom ilc icaclings ol lis
wilc, ilc mosi powcilul Cupid lillcd Sambaia, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol maiciial
cnjoymcni, and ilcn iciuincd io Dvaiala wiil lis wilc.
TEXT 7
mana-mayyas ca raánayam satyabnamam haIam subnam
upaycmc narín pritya many uáánara cnaIcna ca
Alici iccovciing ilc jcwcl, ilc Loid maiiicd Saiyablama, wlo pcisonilics a
poiiion ol Radlaianï's jcalous piidc.
TEXT 8
maánurya-nIaáíni-sahtcn pratíccnaya svarupahan
ruhmínyaáya maníso sta hrsnasyantan purc híIa
Kisna's cigli quccns, lcadcd by Rulminï, wcic icllcciions ol ilc opulcnccs ol ilc
nIaáíni aspcci and wcic vciy dcai io Kisna.
TEXT 9
aísvaryc pnaIavan hrsnan santatcr vístrtír yatan
satvatam vamsa-samvráánín ávarahayam satam nráí
Tlc scniimcnis ol ilc Loid in His swcci lcaiuic aic unbiolcn, bui ilc scniimcnis
ol ilc Loid in Dvaiala, ilc slclici ol opulcni icgulaiivc dcvoiional scivicc, aic noi
lilc ilai, bccausc many sons and giandsons cxpand His lamily ol ilosc
scniimcnis.
TEXT 10
stnuIartna-boánahc grantnc na tcsam artna-nírnayan
prtnag-rupcna hartavyan suáníyan pratnayam tu tat
In ilis bool, wlicl cxplains ilc gioss mcanings, ii is vciy dilliculi io cxplain ilc
mcanings ol ilosc sons and giandsons. Somc iniclligcni pcisons slould
claboiaicly dcsciibc ilcii mcaning in a scpaiaic bool.
TEXT 11
aávaíta-rupínam áaítyam natva hasim rama-patín
nara-ánamaáanat hrsnas taá áusta-mata-pitnaham
Tlc dcmoniac plilosoply, in ilc loim ol monism, iool biiil in Kasï, ilc abodc ol
Siva, wlcicin a wiciclcd pcison claimcd io bc Vasudcva and picaclcd ilai
dcmoniac plilosoply. Tlc Loid, wlo is ilc lusband ol Rama, lillcd lim and
buincd Kasï, ilc lomc ol ilai dcmoniac plilosoply.
TEXT 12
bnauma buáánímayam bnaumam natva sa garuáasanan
uáánrtya ramani-vrnáam upaycmc príyan satyam
Naialasuia is also callcd llauma, bccausc lc considcicd ilc Absoluic Tiuil io bc
mundanc. Tlc Loid, wlo siis on Gaiuda, lillcd Naialasuia, and alici dclivciing
ilc quccns, Hc maiiicd ilcm. Tlc conccpiion ol ilc Dciiy as an idol is
abominablc, bccausc ii is loolisl io considci ilc Absoluic Tiuil io bc mundanc.
Tlcic is a gicai dillcicncc bciwccn sciving ilc Dciiy ol ilc Loid and woisliping
idols. Dciiy woislip is an indicaioi ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil, bccausc by ilis pioccss
onc aiiains ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Idol woislip, lowcvci, mcans io acccpi a maiciial
loim oi loimlcssncss as ilc Absoluic Tiuil, in oilci woids, io acccpi a maiciial
loim as ilc Supicmc Loid. Tlc Loid uliimaicly dclivcicd and acccpicd ilosc
pcoplc wlo wcic ol ilis opinion.
TEXT 13
gnatayítva jarasanánam bnimcna ánarma-bnratrna
amocayaá bnumí-paIan harma-pasasya banánanat
Tlc Loid lad Jaiasandla lillcd by llïma, ilc bioilci ol Dlaima. Hc ilcn icscucd
many lings liom ilc bondagc ol laima.
TEXT 1+
yajnc ca ánarma-putrasya Iabánva pujam ascsatan
caharta sísupaIasya síran samávcstur atmanan
Tlc Loid acccpicd unlimiicd woislip in Yudlisiliia's saciilicc and scvcicd ilc
lcad ol Sisupala, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol cnvy.
TEXT 15
huruhsctra-ranc hrsno ánarabnaram nívartya san
samaja-rahsanam haryam aharot harunamaya
Tlc Loid pioiccicd sociciy by iccsiablisling ilc piinciplcs ol icligion, and Hc
icmovcd ilc buidcn ol ilc woild by aiianging ilc laiilc ol Kuiulsciia.
TEXT 16
sarvasam manísinam ca pratísaáma narí munín
árstva ca naraáo gaccnaá vísmayam tattva-nírnayc
Naiada Muni visiicd Dvaiala and was siiucl wiil ilc dcpil ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil
wlcn lc saw ilai Kisna was simuliancously picscni in cacl ol ilc quccns' louscs.
Ii is vciy wondcilul ilai ilc Supicmc Loid is simuliancously and lully picscni
cvciywlcic-wiilin ilc lcaii ol all living cniiiics and cngagcd in vaiious
pasiimcs. Tlc qualiiy ol omnipicscncc is insignilicani loi ilc Almigliy Loid.
TEXT 17
haáarya-bnava-rupan sa áantavahro natas taáa
subnaáram ánarma-bnratrc ní naraya áattavan prabnun
Daniavalia, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol uncivilizcd man, was lillcd by ilc Loid. Tlc
Loid ilcn aiiangcd ilc maiiiagc ol His sisici, Subladia, wiil Aijuna, ilc bioilci
ol Yudlisiliia. In oidci io csiablisl a iclaiionslip bciwccn ilc Loid and an
cnjoycd living cniiiy wlo las noi dcvclopcd ilc naiuic ol bcing ilc Loid's
consoii, ilc nIaáíni aspcci ol ilc mood ol liicndslip sclccis an inconccivablc
dcvoicc io ialc ilc iolc ol Subladia, wlo bccomcs vciy ncai io ilc Loid as His
sisici. Subladia is io bc cnjoycd by a dcvoicc lilc Aijuna. Tlis iclaiionslip,
lowcvci, is noi as cxalicd as lound in Viaja.
TEXT 18
saIva-mayam nasayítva rarahsa ávaraham purim
nrgan tu hrhaIasatvat harma-pasaá amocayat
Tlc Loid pioiccicd Dvaiala by lilling Salva, wlo posscsscd mysiical powcis. Tlc
scicniilic aiis aic mosi insignilicani bcloic ilc Loid. King Niga was sullciing ilc
icsulis ol lis bad laima in ilc loim ol a lizaid, bui lc was dclivcicd by ilc mcicy
ol ilc Loid.
TEXT 19
suáamna prití-áattam ca tanáuIam bnuhtavan narín
pasanáanam praáattcna místcna na tatna suhni
Il ilc mosi iclislablc iicm is ollcicd by a nondcvoicc, ilc Loid docs noi acccpi ii.
lui il an oidinaiy iicm is ollcicd wiil lovc, ilc Loid acccpis ii. Tlis was
dcmonsiiaicd wlcn ilc Loid aic ilc iicc ilai Sudama ollcicd.
TEXT 20
baIo pí suáána-jivo yam hrsna-prcma-vasam gatan
avaániá áívíáam muánam nírisvara-pramoáaham
Tlc monlcy Dvivida, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol godlcssncss, was lillcd by laladcva,
wlo posscsscs ccsiaiic lovc loi Kisna and wlo is ilc icscivoii ol all living cniiiics.
TEXT 21
svasamvín nírmítc ánamní nrá-gatc roníni-sutan
gopibnír bnava-rupabni rcmc brnaá vanantarc
In ilc loicsis ol Viaja, wlicl aic cicaicd by ilc samvít aspcci ol ilc maiginal
poicncy, Siï laladcva pciloimcd conjugal pasiimcs wiil ilc gopis, ilc
pcisonilicaiions ol ccsiaiic lovc.
TEXT 22
bnahtanam nráayc sasvat hrsna-IiIa pravartatc
nato pí svapuram yatí bnahtanam jivanatayc
All ilcsc pasiimcs aic siiuaicd in ilc lcaiis ol ilc dcvoiccs, bui wlcn ilc dcvoiccs
givc up ilcii maiciial bodics, ilc pasiimcs disappcai jusi as an acioi lcavcs ilc
siagc.
TEXT 23
hrsncccna haIa-rupa sa yaáavan bnava-rupahan
nívartya rangatan saánvi ávaraham pIavayat taáa
Tlc dcsiic ol Kisna, in ilc loim ol iimc, scpaiaicd ilc Yadavas, ilc
pcisonilicaiions ol allcciionaic lovc, liom ilc pasiimcs ol ilc Loid and lloodcd ilc
abodc ol Dvaiala in ilc wavcs ol ilc occan ol loigcilulncss. Tlc dcsiic ol Kisna is
always puic and dcvoid ol all inauspiciousncss. In oidci io iianslci His dcvoiccs io
Vailunila, ilc Loid scpaiaics ilcm liom ilcii maiciial bodics.
TEXT 2+
prabnasc bnagavaj jnanc jarahrantan haIcvaran
paraspara vívaácna mocayam asa nanáíni
Tlis dcsiic ol Kisna, wlicl bcsiows ilc iopmosi lappincss, obligcd ilc dcvoiccs
io givc up ilcii old dccicpii bodics in Piablasa-lsciia, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol
lnowlcdgc ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Wlcn ilc body bccomcs usclcss, ilcn all ilc
paiis and limbs do noi coopciaic wiil cacl oilci-ilcy quaiicl. Lspccially ai ilc
iimc ol dcail, all ilc paiis and limbs bccomc scnsclcss; bui in ilc lcaiis ol
dcvoiccs, icmcmbiancc is ncvci losi.
TEXT 25
hrsna-bnava-svarupo pí jarahrantat haIcvarat
nírgato gohuIam prapto manímní svc maniyatc
Ai ilc iimc ol giving up ilc body, ilc mood ilai is picscni in ilc lcaii ol a
dcvoicc accompanics ilc puic soul io lis gloiious posiiion, and ilc dcvoicc ilcn
cicinally icsidcs in ilc poiiion ol Vailunila callcd Golula.
1nus cnás tnc Síxtn Cnaptcr oj Siï Kisna-samliia, cntítIcá
ºPastímcs oj Krsna.¨
May Loid Kisna bc plcascd.
Chapfer Seven
Considerafions
on Krsna's Pasfimes
TEXT 1
csa IiIa víbnor nítya goIohc suáána-ánamaní
svarupa-bnava-sampanna cíá-rupa-vartíni híIa
Ii was picviously dcsciibcd low Vailunila was cicaicd by ilc sanáníni aspcci ol
ilc spiiiiual poicncy ol ilc supciioi cncigy. Vailunila is dividcd inio ilicc
divisions-ilc swcci division, ilc opulcni division, and ilc impcisonal division.
Tlc impcisonal division is ilc covciing ol Vailunila, ilc ouici apaiimcni is callcd
ilc abodc ol Naiayana, and ilc innci apaiimcni is callcd Golola. Tlc
impcisonalisis aiiain lialma-dlama, ilc impcisonal division, and bccomc licc
liom lamcniaiions causcd by maya. Tlc dcvoiccs wlo woislip ilc opulcni aspcci
ol ilc Loid aiiain Naiayana-dlama and bccomc lcailcss. Tlc dcvoiccs wlo
woislip ilc swcci aspcci ol ilc Loid aiiain ilc innci apaiimcni and iclisl ilc
ncciai ol Kisna. Iiccdom liom lamcniaiion, lcailcssncss, and ncciai aic ilc ilicc-
quaiici opulcnccs ol ilc Loid lnown as Vailunila. Wlcn ilc Supicmc Loid is
cndowcd wiil opulcncc, Hc is lnown as Viblu. Tlis maiciial woild is ilc onc-
quaiici opulcncc ol Kisna. Vaiious pasiimcs bcginning wiil ilc Loid's appcaiancc
and coniinuing io His disappcaiancc aic cicinally manilcsicd in Golola. Tlc mood
ol Golola is icllccicd in ilc condiiioncd living cniiiics' lcaiis, wlcicin ilc
pasiimcs ol Kisna aic also cicinally manilcsi. Tlcicloic accoiding io ilc dcvoiccs'
qualilicaiion, ai a paiiiculai iimc Kisna is ialing biiil in somc dcvoicc's lcaii, Hc
is sicaling ilc gopis' cloilcs in anoilci dcvoicc's lcaii, Hc is pciloiming ilc rasa
dancc in somconc's lcaii, Hc is lilling Puiana in anoilci's lcaii, Hc is lilling
Kamsa in somconc clsc's lcaii, Hc is laving an allaii wiil Kubja in yci anoilci's
lcaii, and Hc cnacis His disappcaiancc in ilc lcaii ol somc dcvoicc wlo is lcaving
lis body. As ilc living cniiiics aic innumciablc, ilc plancis aic also. As onc
pasiimc ialcs placc on onc planci, anoilci pasiimc ialcs placc on anoilci planci.
In ilis way cacl pasiimc coniinually ialcs placc. Tlcicloic all ol ilc Loid's
pasiimcs aic cicinal; ilcic is no bical, bccausc ilc Loid's cncigics aic always
aciivc. All ilcsc pasiimcs aic puicly spiiiiual, wiiloui a iiacc ol maiciial
coniaminaiion. Alilougl loi ilc condiiioncd living cniiiics in illusion ilcsc
pasiimcs appcai pcivciicd, in icaliiy ilcy aic mosi conlidcniial and spiiiiual.
TEXT 2
jivc sambanáníhi scyam ácsa-haIa-vícaratan
pravartcta ávíána sapí patra-bncáa-hramaá ína
Tlcsc pasiimcs aic consiiiuiionally manilcsi in Golola, bui ilc condiiioncd living
cniiiics pciccivc ilcm in a iclaiivc way. A pasiimc appcais dillcicni bccausc ilc
naiuic ol condiiioncd souls vaiics accoiding io iimc, placc, and pcison. Tlc
pasiimcs ol ilc Loid aic ncvci coniaminaicd, bui ilcy may appcai io bc duc onc's
coniaminaicd considciaiion. Ii was picviously dcsciibcd ilai ilc aciiviiics ol ilc
spiiiiual woild aic noi clcaily sccn by condiiioncd souls. Alilougl somciling may
bc icalizcd iliougl samaání, ilai also is sccn iliougl ilc pcivciicd maiciial
mcdium ol ilc oiiginal spiiiiual naiuic. Lxamplcs65 aic sccn in ilc placc66, iimc67, and
pcisons6S ilai aic mcniioncd in ilc pasiimcs ol Viaja. All ilcsc cxamplcs may bc undcisiood in
iwo ways. Ioi ilc hanístna-aáníharis ilcsc cxamplcs aic only appicciaicd iliougl complcic laiil.
Tlcic is no oilci possibiliiy loi ilcii advanccmcni. lui loi ilc uttama-aáníharis ilcsc cxamplcs aic
acccpicd as indicaiions ol spiiiiual vaiicgaicdncss. Wlcn condiiioncd souls aic licc liom maiciial
alliniiy, ilcn ilcy will pciccivc ilc consiiiuiional pasiimcs ol ilc Loid.
TEXT 3
vyahtí-nístna bnavcá cha sarva-nístna para mata
bnahtí maá ánráayc sa tu vyahtí-nístna prahasatc
Condiiioncd souls naiuially pciccivc ilc pasiimcs ol ilc Loid in icims ol ilcii
alliniiy loi Him. Tlis alliniiy is ol iwo linds-ilai wlicl is lound in an individual
and ilai wlicl is lound in a gcncial mass ol pcoplc. Tlc alliniiy lound in ilc
lcaiis ol paiiiculai dcvoiccs is ilai wlicl is lound in an individual. Tlc lcaiis ol
Piallada and Dliuva wcic siiiing placcs loi ilc pasiimcs ol ilc Loid as a icsuli ol
ilcii individual alliniiy.
TEXT +
ya IiIa sarva-nístna tu samaja-jnana-varáánanat
naraáa-vyasa-cíttcsu ávaparc sa pravartíta
Jusi as a paiiiculai lcaiuic ol ilc Loid appcais in and puiilics ilc lcaii ol a pcison
accoiding io ilc awalcning ol lis lnowlcdgc, il wc similaily cnvision ilc wlolc
sociciy as onc pcison and considci iis clildlood, youil, and old agc, ilcn ilc
paiiiculai lcaiuic ol ilc Loid ilai manilcsis bccomcs a communiiy assci. As ilc
communiiy's lnowlcdgc maiuics, ilcy liisi ialc io liuiiivc aciiviiics, ilcn ilc
culiivaiion ol lnowlcdgc, and uliimaicly ilcy ialc io spiiiiual aciiviiics and
bccomc puiilicd. Tlc alliniiy ilai is lound in a gcncial mass ol pcoplc liisi
appcaicd in ilc lcaiis ol Naiada and Vyasa in Dvapaia-yuga and las piogicssivcly
bccn piopagaicd as puic Vaisnava icligion.
TEXT 5-6
ávarahayam narín purno maányc purnataran smrtan
matnurayam víjaniyat vrajc purnataman prabnun
purnatvam haIpítam hrsnc maánurya-suáánatahramat
vraja-IiIa-víIaso ní jivanam srcstna-bnavana
Tlis Vaisnava icligion in ilc loim ol ilc pasiimcs ol ilc Loid is dividcd inio ilicc
paiis accoiding io ilc dcvclopmcni ol a sociciy's lnowlcdgc. Tlc liisi paii is ilc
pasiimcs ol Dvaiala, wlcic ilc Loid is opulcni, wlcic Hc is lnown as Viblu, and
wlcic His is woislipcd iliougl icgulaiivc piinciplcs. Tlc sccond paii is sccn
aiound Mailuia, wlcic ilc Loid's opulcncc is paiiially manilcsi wiil a gicaici
poiiion ol swccincss. lui ilc iliid paii, ilc pasiimcs ol Viaja, is ilc bcsi ol all.
Pasiimcs ilai coniain moic swccincss aic supciioi and moic iniimaic by naiuic.
Tlcicloic Kisna is mosi complcic in ilc pasiimcs ol Viaja. Alilougl opulcnccs aic
paii ol ilc Loid's splcndoi, ilcy cannoi bccomc piomincni bcloic Kisna; bccausc
wlcicvci opulcnccs aic moic piomincni, swccincss is diminislcd. Tlis is also ilc
casc in ilc maiciial woild. Tlcicloic objccis ol swccincss lilc cows, gopas, gopis,
cowlcids' dicss, buiici, loicsis, licsl lcavcs, ilc Yamuna, and ilc lluic aic ilc
only wcalil ol Viaja-Golula, oi Vindavana. Wlai is ilc nccd loi opulcncc ilcic'
TEXT 7
gopíha-ramanam tasya bnavanam srcstna uccatc
sri-raána-ramanam tatra sarvoráána-bnavana mata
Supicmc rasas undci ilc slclici ol ilc loui iclaiionslips-áasya, sahnya, vatsaIya,
and maánurya-aic cicinally cxisiing in ilc pasiimcs ol Viaja as ilc ingicdicnis ol
all spiiiiual aciiviiics. Among all ilcsc rasas, ilc pasiimcs ol ilc Loid wiil ilc
gopis aic ilc liglcsi. And among ilcsc, ilc Loid's pasiimcs wiil Siïmaiï
Radlaianï, wlo is ilc cicsi jcwcl amongsi ilc gopis, aic siill liglci.
TEXT 8
ctasya rasa-rupasya bnavasya cíá-gatasya ca
asvaáana-para yc tu tc nara nítya-ánarmínan
Tlosc wlo iclisl ilis iopmosi spiiiiual rasa aic said io lavc acccpicd ilcii cicinal
consiiiuiional aciiviiics.
TEXT 9
samanya-vahya-yogc tu rasanam hutra vístrtín
ato vaí havíbnín hrsna- IiIa-tattvam vítanyatc
Icaiing io cioss ilc ilicslold ol aigumcni, somc maányama-aáníharis say, Jusi
iiy io cxplain ilcsc lcclings wiil simplc woids. Tlcic is no nccd io usc Kisna's
pasiimcs as cxamplcs.` lui sucl iypc ol commcnis aic lauliy, loi ilc
vaiicgaicdncss ol Vailunila cannoi bc cxplaincd wiil simplc woids. Jusi by
saying, Tlcic is a Loid. Woislip Him,` docs noi piopcily cxplain ilc living
cniiiics' supicmc consiiiuiional duiics. Tlc aci ol woislip is noi possiblc wiiloui
a iclaiionslip. To bc siiuaicd in lialman alici giving up maya cannoi bc callcd
woislip, bccausc in ilis pioccss only an indiicci mood ol ncgaiion is acccpicd;
ilcic is noiling posiiivc. lui by saying, Scc ilc loim ol ilc Loid. Talc slclici ol
ilc Loid's loius lcci,` ilc qualiiy ol vaiicgaicdncss is somcwlai acccpicd. Ai ilis
junciuic wc musi considci ilai il onc is noi lully saiislicd wiil spiiiiual
vaiicgaicdncss, onc may siill addicss ilc Absoluic Tiuil as Loid` oi Iailci.`
Alilougl ilcsc iclaiionslips appcai mundanc, ilcic is noncilclcss an
indcsciibablc puiposc bclind ilcm. Sincc onc musi acccpi maiciial ingicdicnis,
aciiviiics, and all ilc pcivciicd mundanc icllcciions ol ilc iclaiionslips ol
Vailunila as cxamplcs, swanlilc pcisons musi noi lcai io cxiiaci liom ilcsc ilc
undcisianding ol spiiiiual aciiviiics and ingicdicnis by ilc piopcnsiiy ol swans.
Oui ol lcai ilai loicign sclolais will noi undcisiand ilis and accusc us as idol
woislipcis, slould wc submcigc ilc jcwcl ol spiiiiualism' Tlosc wlo will
ciiiicizc aic cciiainly immaiuic in ilcii conclusions. lcing on a liglci plailoim,
wly slould wc lcai ilcii lallacious conclusions' Tlc scicncc ol rasa cannoi bc
lully cxplaincd by oidinaiy woids, ilcicloic pocis sucl as Vyasadcva lavc
claboiaicly dcsciibcd ilc pasiimcs ol Kisna. Tlosc wondcilul pasiimcs ol ilc Loid
aic ilc icspccicd wcalil loi boil hanístna-aáníharis and uttama-aáníharis.
TEXT 10
iso ányato brnaj jnatam yajncso yajítas tatna
na ratí paramananáam yatna hrsnan prascvítan
Tlc lappincss ilai Loid Kisna bcsiows wlcn Hc is piopcily scivcd is noi obiaincd
wlcn Hc is woislipcd as Yajncsvaia iliougl laima-yoga, as impcisonal lialman
iliougl jnana-yoga, oi as Paiamaima, ilc companion ol ilc living cniiiy, iliougl
ányana-yoga. Tlcicloic sciving Kisna is ilc supicmc occupaiional duiy loi all
living cniiiics-wlcilci hanístna-aáníhari oi loiiunaic uttama-aáníhari.
TEXT 11
vaáantí tattvatan hrsnam patnítvcáam suvaísnavan
Iabnantc tat pnaIam yat tu Iabncá bnagavatc naran
All Vaisnavas slould icad ilis Krsna-samníta and undcisiand ilc scicncc ol Kisna.
All ilc icsulis ilai onc aclicvcs by siudying Srimaá Pnagavatam will bc aclicvcd
by siudying ilis bool.
1nus cnás tnc Scvcntn Cnaptcr oj Siï Kisna-samliia, cntítIcá ºConsíácratíons on
Krsnas Pastímcs.¨
May Loid Kisna bc plcascd.
Chapfer Eighf
Direcf and Indirecf
Considerafions on fhe
Moods of Vraja
TEXT 1
atraíva vraja-bnavanam sraístnyam uhtam ascsatan
matnura-ávaraha-bnavas tcsam pustí-hara matan
In ilis bool ilc moods ol Viaja lavc alicady bccn claboiaicly dcsciibcd. Tlc
moods ol Mailuia and Dvaiala nouiisl ilc moods ol Viaja.
TEXT 2
jivasya mangaIartnaya vraja-bnavo vívícyatc
yaá bnava-sangato jívas camrtatvaya haIpatc
I will now discuss ilc moods ol Viaja loi ilc auspiciousncss ol ilc living cniiiics.
ly icmaining aiiaclcd io ilc moods ol Viaja, ilc living cniiiics aclicvc cicinal lilc.
TEXT 3
anvaya-vyatírchabnyam vívícyayam mayaánuna
anvayat panca sambanánan santa-áasyaáayas ca yc
Tlcsc moods ol Viaja will now bc diiccily and indiiccily considcicd. Tliougl
diicci considciaiion, santa, áasya, sahnya, vatsaIya, and maánurya aic lound.
TEXT +
hccít tu vraja-rajasya áasa-bnava-gatan saáa
aparc sahnya-bnavaányan sriáama-subaIaáayan
Somc aiiain ilc scivicc ol ilc King ol Viaja, and ilc dcvoiccs sucl as Siïdama and
Subala scivc ilc Loid in ilc mood ol liicndslip.
TEXT 5
yasoáa-roníni-nanáo vatsaIya-bnava-samstnítan
raánaáyan hanta-bnavc tu vartantc rasa-manáaIc
Yasoda, Rolinï, and Nanda aic ilc cxamplcs ol paicnial lovc, and gopis sucl as Siï
Radlila aic picscni in ilc rasa-manáaIa in ilc conjugal mood.
TEXT 6
vrnáavanam vína nastí suáána-sambanána-bnavahan
ato vaí suáána-jivanam ramyc vrnáavanc ratín
Puic iclaiionslips and ilcii icspcciivc moods aic lound only in Vindavana. Tlai
is wly puic living cniiiics lavc a naiuial aiiiaciion loi Vindavana-dlama.
TEXT 7
tatraíva hanta-bnavasya srcstata sastra-sammata
jivasya nítya-ánarmo yam bnagavaá bnogyata mata
All sciipiuics agicc ilai ilc conjugal mood ol Vindavana is ilc iopmosi, bccausc
ilc Loid' naiuic as ilc cnjoyci and ilc living cniiiics' naiuic as ilc cnjoycd aic
puicly lound ilcicin.
TEXT 8
na tatra huntnata hacít vartatc jiva-hrsnayon
ahnanáa-paramananáan saáa syat prití-rupa-ánrh
In Vailunila, ilcic is no anxiciy bciwccn Kisna and ilc living cniiiics, as boil aic
siiuaicd in ilcii cicinal consiiiuiional posiiions. Pcipciual supicmc lappincss in
ilc loim ol lovc is cicinally picscni ilcic.
TEXT 9
sambnoga-suhna-pusty-artnam vípraIambno pí sammatan
matnura-ávaraha-cínta vraja-bnava-vívarááníni
Tlc uliimaic goal ol vraja-rasa is ilc lappincss ol cnjoymcni bciwccn Kisna and
ilc living cniiiics. Tlc mood ol scpaiaiion, in ilc loim ol purva-raga, mana,
prcma-vaícíttya, and pravasa, is cxiicmcly csscniial in nouiisling ilis lappincss.
Tlis bccomcs pcilccicd by conicmplaiion on Mailuia and Dvaiala. Tlcicloic ilc
moods ol Mailuia and Dvaiala nouiisl ilc moods ol Viaja, as picviously
dcsciibcd.
TEXT 10
prapanca-baáána-jivanam vaíána-ánarmasrayat pura
aánuna hrsna-sampraptau parahiya-rasasrayan
Accoiding io ilcii qualilicaiion, ilc condiiioncd living cniiiics liisi ialc slclici ol
icgulaiivc dcvoiional scivicc. Laici, wlcn aiiaclmcni awalcns, ilc mood ol Viaja
awalcns. Wlcn onc cxicinally lollows ilc icgulaiivc pioccss ol dcvoiional scivicc
and inicinally ialcs slclici ol aiiaclmcni io Kisna, ilcn ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn
Kisna and ilc dcvoicc lnown as parahiya-rasa, oi paiamoui lovc, is appicciaicd.
Jusi as a maiiicd woman bccomcs ovciwlclmcd by ilc bcauiy ol anoilci man and
sccicily bccomcs aiiaclcd io lim wlilc cxicinally icspcciing lci own lusband,
similaily ilc lovcis ol Kisna ialc slclici ol parahiya-rasa by inicinally culiivaiing
aiiaclmcni wlilc cxicinally lollowing ilc icgulaiivc piinciplcs and icspcciing ilc
Loid and pioiccioi ol ilosc piinciplcs. Tlis scicncc is vciy impoiiani loi pcisons
in ilc conjugal rasa. Tlc uttama-aáníharis can ncvci givc ilis up cvcn il ilcy aic
ciiiicizcd by ilc maányama-aáníharis. Tlis bool is noi mcani loi ilc hanístna-
aáníharis, ilcicloic ilc icgulaiivc piinciplcs aic noi bcing claboiaicd lcicin. Onc
will lavc io siudy ilcsc icgulaiivc piinciplcs liom bools lilc Harí-bnahtí-víIasa.
Tlc main puipoii ol ilc icgulaiivc piinciplcs is ilai wlcn ilc condiiioncd living
cniiiics' consiiiuiional duiics aic almosi doimani, oi pcivciicdly icllccicd as
aiiaclmcni loi maiciial objccis, ilcn wlaicvci ilc lcaincd dociois picsciibc in
oidci io cuic ilc discasc aic callcd icgulaiivc piinciplcs. Wlilc wandciing in ilc
maiciial woild, a gicai pcisonaliiy is ablc io aiousc lis doimani aiiaclmcni by
cciiain aciiviiics. Hc bcsiows lis mcicy on ilc living cniiiics by csiablisling ilosc
aciiviiics as a loim ol spiiiiual piaciicc. Tlc picsciipiions givcn by ilosc gicai
pcisonaliiics musi bc lollowcd by ilc hanístna-aáníharis as ilougl ilcy wcic
sciipiuial injunciions. Tlc sagcs wlo csiablisl ilcsc picsciipiions aic all uttama-
aáníharis and swanlilc pcisonaliiics. Tlosc pcisons wlo cannoi awalcn
aiiaclmcni by ilcii own clloiis lavc no alicinaiivc oilci ilan lollowing ilcsc
picsciipiions. In ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam ilosc picsciipiions aic classilicd inio ninc
divisions, bcginning wiil lcaiing and claniing. Tlosc picsciipiions lavc bccn
luiilci discusscd in Pnahtí-rasamrta-sínánu as sixiy-loui limbs. Tlc conclusion is
ilai ilosc wlosc naiuial aiiaclmcni is piaciically doimani aic cligiblc loi víání-
marga, ilc pail ol icgulaiivc piinciplcs; bui as soon as aiiaclmcni is awalcncd,
ilc pail ol icgulaiivc piinciplcs bccomcs sccondaiy. Tlosc icgulaiivc piinciplcs
ilai aic lollowcd in oidci io awalcn onc's aiiaclmcni wlilc culiivaiing Kisna
consciousncss slould bc lollowcd wiil giaiclulncss long alici aiiaclmcni is
awalcncd, so ilai pcoplc can lollow ilai cxamplc. In any casc, swanlilc manatmas
icscivc ilc iigli ol ciilci lollowing oi giving up ilc icgulaiivc piinciplcs.
TEXT 11
sri-gopi-bnavam-asrítya manjari-scvanam taáa
sahninam sangatís tasmat tasmaá raána-paáasrayan
In ilc upasana-hanáa, oi Vcdic division on woislip, aiiaclmcni is dividcd inio
ilicc caicgoiics-puic aiiaclmcni, aiiaclmcni in ilc mood ol Vailunila, and
aiiaclmcni bascd on maiciial cxamplcs ol spiiiiual iclaiionslips. Puic aiiaclmcni,
oi manabnava, is ilc piopciiy ol Radlila, wlo is lall ol Kisna's loim. Similai bui
sliglily dillcicni io manabnava aic ilc cigli puic sympioms ol iiansccndcnial
ccsiaiic lovc, pcisonilicd by ilc cigli sahnis. Similai io ilc mood ol ilc sahnis
(plcasc scc ilc commcniaiy on 7.2) aic aiiaclmcnis bascd on maiciial cxamplcs ol
spiiiiual iclaiionslips, pcisonilicd by ilc manjaris. Tlc woislipci slould liisi ialc
slclici ol a manjari wlo las a naiuic similai io lis own. Laici lc slould ialc
slclici ol ilc sahni wlo is woislipcd by ilai manjari. ly ilc mcicy ol ilai sahni,
onc will aiiain ilc slclici ol ilc loius lcci ol Siï Radlila. Tlc posiiions ol a
woislipci, a manjari, a sahni, and Siïmaiï Radlila in ilc ciiclc ol ilc rasa dancc
aic similai io an asicioid, a planci, ilc sun, and Dliuvalola ol ilc maiciial woild.
TEXT 12
tatraíva bnava-banuIyan manabnavo bnavcá ánruvam
tatraíva hrsna-sambnogan sarvananáa-praáayahan
Wlcn ilc living cniiiics appioacl manabnava by giadual advanccmcni ol ilcii
loving cmoiions, ilcn cnjoymcni wiil Kisna, wlicl bcsiows unlimiicd bliss, is
casily aiiaincd.
TEXT 13
ctasyam vraja-bnavanam sampattau pratí-banánahan
asta-áasa-víánan santí satravan prití-áusahan
Tlcic aic cigliccn obsiaclcs ilai polluic onc's ccsiaiic lovc in ilc wondcilul mood
ol Viaja. Conicmplaiing ilc namcs ol ilcsc obsiaclcs is ilc indiicci considciaiion
ol ilc mood ol Viaja.
TEXT 1+
aáau áusta-guru-praptín putana stanya-áayíni
vatya-rupa-hutarhas tu trnavarta ítirítan
Pcisons wlo aic on ilc pail ol aiiaclmcni slould avoid ilc liisi obsiaclc,
acccpiing a bogus guiu, by discussing Puiana's aiiival in Viaja in ilc guisc ol a
nuisc ¦scc Appcndix A]. Tlcic aic iwo iypcs ol guius-antaranga, oi inicinal, and
baníranga, oi cxicinal. Tlc living cniiiy wlo is siiuaicd in samaání is lis own
antaranga guiu69. Onc wlo acccpis aigumcni as lis guiu and wlo lcains ilc pioccss ol woislip
liom sucl a guiu is said io lavc acccpicd ilc slclici ol a bogus guiu. Wlcn aigumcni poscs as
nouiislmcni loi ilc living cniiiics' consiiiuiional duiics, ilis may bc compaicd wiil Puiana's lalscly
posing as a nuisc. Woislipcis on ilc pail ol aiiaclmcni musi immcisc all aigumcnis in spiiiiual
subjccis and ialc slclici ol samaání. Tlc cxicinal guiu is lc liom wlom ilc scicncc ol woislip is
lcaincd. Onc wlo lnows ilc piopci pail ol aiiaclmcni and wlo insiiucis lis disciplcs accoiding io
ilcii qualilicaiion is a saá-guru, oi cicinal guiu. Onc wlo docs noi lnow ilc pail ol aiiaclmcni yci
insiiucis oilcis in ilis pail oi wlo lnows ilai pail and insiiucis lis disciplcs wiiloui considciing
ilcii qualilicaiion is a bogus guiu and musi bc givcn up. Tlc sccond obsiaclc is lalsc aigumcnis. Ii
is dilliculi loi onc's ccsiaiic cmoiion io bc awalcncd uniil Tinavaiia, in ilc loim ol a wliilwind, is
lillcd in Viaja. In ilc loim ol Tinavaiia, ilc aigumcnis ol plilosoplcis, luddlisis, and logicians
aic all obsiaclcs io ilc ccsiaiic cmoiion ol Viaja.
TEXT 15
trtiyc bnara-vanítvam sahatam buáání maráaham
caturtnc baIa-áosanam svarupo vatsa-rupa-ánrh
Tlosc wlo do noi undcisiand ilc puiposc ol ilc icgulaiivc piinciplcs bui simply
caiiy ilc buidcn ol lollowing ilcm oui ol loimaliiy aic unablc io dcvclop
aiiaclmcni. Wlcn onc dcsiioys Salaia, wlo pcisonilics caiiying ilc buidcn ol ilc
icgulaiivc piinciplcs, ilc iliid obsiaclc is ovcicomc. logus guius wlo did noi
considci ilcii disciplcs' qualilicaiion loi ilc pail ol aiiaclmcni and ilus
insiiucicd many Salaia-lilc pcoplc io acccpi scivicc in ilc mood ol manjaris and
sahnis commiiicd ollcnscs in ilc loim ol disicspcciing conlidcniial subjcci maiicis
and lcll down. Tlosc wlo woislip accoiding io sucl insiiuciions also giadually
lall away liom spiiiiual lilc, bccausc ilcy do noi aiiain ilc sympioms ol dccp
aiiaclmcni loi ilosc iopics. Yci ilcy may siill bc dclivcicd by ilc associaiion ol
dcvoiccs and piopci insiiuciions. Tlis is callcd bicaling Salaia. Tlc living cniiiics
aic sobci by naiuic, bui wlcn ilcy aic disiuibcd duc io posscssing a body madc ol
blood and llcsl ii is callcd baIa-áosa, oi juvcnilc ollcnscs. Tlis is ilc louiil
obsiaclc, in ilc loim ol Vaisasuia ¦scc Appcndix l].
TEXT 16
pancamc ánarma-hapatyam namaparaána rupaham
baha-rupi manaánurtto vaísnavanam víroánahan
Tlc mosi clcvci lalasuia, wlo is ilc pcisonilicaiion ol clcaiing icligion, is ilc
lilil obsiaclc loi Vaisnavas. Tlis is callcd namaparaána, ollcnscs againsi ilc loly
namc ol ilc Loid. Tlosc wlo do noi undcisiand ilcii qualilicaiion bui acccpi ilc
insiiuciion ol a bogus guiu and cngagc in ilc pioccss ol woislip mcani loi cxalicd
dcvoiccs aic clcaicd asslilc pcoplc. And ilosc wlo lavc undcisiood ilcii
incligibiliiy yci wiil a goal io accumulaic moncy and picsiigc siill lollow ilc
pioccss ol woislip mcani loi cxalicd dcvoiccs aic callcd clcaicis. Uniil ilis
clcaiing in ilc namc ol icligion is dcsiioycd, onc's aiiaclmcni will noi awalcn.
Sucl pcoplc dcccivc ilc cniiic woild by maling a slow ol scciaiian loimaliiics
and pscudo-icnunciaiion.
TEXT 17
tatraíva sampraáayanam banya-Iínga-samaáarat
áambníhanam na sa pritín hrsnc vraja-nívasíní
Tlosc wlo scc and icspcci sucl pioud pcoplc's slow ol cxicinal loimaliiics
cannoi aiiain lovc loi Kisna and aic lilc iloins in ilc sidc ol ilc woild. Ii is io bc
undcisiood lcic ilai onc slould noi disicspcci a swanlilc pcison jusi bccausc lc
las acccpicd cxicinal loimaliiics ilai aic gcncially considcicd dcicsiablc. Ii is ilc
cicinal duiy ol Vaisnavas io dcvclop ilc sympioms ol lovc by associaiing wiil and
sciving dcvoiccs, wlilc icmaining indillcicni io cxicinal loimaliiics.
TEXT 18
nrsamsatvam pracanáatvam agnasura svarupaham
sastnaparaána rupo yam vartatc pratíbanánahan
Aglasuia, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol iniolciancc and ciucliy, is ilc sixil obsiaclc. Duc
io a lacl ol compassion loi ilc living cniiiics ilcic is a possibiliiy ilai onc's
aiiaclmcni will giadual diminisl, bccausc compassion cannoi icmain scpaiaicd
liom aiiaclmcni. Tlc basis ol compassion loi ilc living cniiiics and dcvoiion io
Kisna is ilc samc.
TEXT 19
banu-sastra-vícarcna san mono vartatc satam
sa cva saptamo Iahsyo branmano monanc híIa
Il onc inicnscly absoibs lis mind in vaiious aigumcnis, opinions, and ilcii
icspcciivc liiciaiuics, ilcn all icalizaiions aiiaincd iliougl samaání aic piaciically
losi. Tlis is callcd illusion bascd on ilc llowciy woids ol ilc Vcáas. lcing
ovciwlclmcd wiil ilis illusion, lialma doubicd ilc supicmacy ol Kisna. Tlc
Vaisnavas slould icgaid ilis illusion as ilc scvcnil obsiaclc.
TEXT 20
áncnuhan stnuIa-buáánín syaá garááabnas taIa-roánahan
astamc Iahsyatc áosan sampraáayc satam manan
Subilc disciiminaiion is cxiicmcly impoiiani loi Vaisnavas. Tlosc wlo invcni
social disiinciions and picacl ilc unbicalablc piinciplcs ol Vaisnavism wlilc
bicaling ilcm io suii ilcii nccds aic said io posscss gioss disciiminaiion. Tlis
gioss disciiminaiion ialcs ilc loim ol ilc ass Dlcnula. Tlc ass cannoi cai ilc
swcci palm iicc liuiis, and lc opposcs oilcis' aiicmpis io cai ilcm. Tlc puipoii is
ilai ilc picvious acaryas ol ilc auiloiizcd sampraáayas lavc wiiiicn many
spiiiiual liiciaiuics, wlicl pcoplc wiil gioss disciiminaiion nciilci undcisiand
noi allow oilcis io scc. Asslilc dcvoiccs wlo aic simply inicicsicd in ilc
icgulaiivc piinciplcs and undci ilc coniiol ol gioss disciiminaiion aic unablc io
aiiain a liglci plailoim. Vaisnava piinciplcs aic so unlimiicdly cxalicd ilai ilosc
wlo simply icmain cnianglcd in ilc icgulaiivc pioccss wiiloui cndcavoiing io
undcisiand ilc scicncc ol aiiaclmcni aic compaiablc io oidinaiy liuiiivc woilcis.
Tlcicloic, uniil ilc ass Dlcnulasuia is lillcd, onc cannoi advancc in ilc scicncc
ol Vaisnavism.
TEXT 21
ínáríyaní bnajanty chc tyahtva vaíáa-víáním subnam
navamc vrsabnas tc pí nasyantc hrsna-tcjasa
Many wcal-lcaiicd pcoplc givc up ilc pail ol icgulaiivc piinciplcs and cnici ilc
pail ol aiiaclmcni. Wlcn ilcy aic unablc io icalizc ilc souls' spiiiiual
aiiaclmcni, ilcy bclavc lilc Visablasuia ¦Aiisiasuia, ilc bull] by culiivaiing
pcivciicd maiciial aiiaclmcni. Tlcy will bc lillcd by ilc piowcss ol Kisna. Tlc
cxamplc ol ilis obsiaclc is icgulaily lound among ilc scllisl ánarma-ávajis, ilc
slow-boiilc dcvoiccs.
TEXT 22
hnaIata áasamc Iahsya haIiyc sarpa-rupahc
sampraáaya-víroáno yam áavanaIo vícíntyatc
Kaliya's malicc always polluics ilc waici ol ilc Yamuna, wlicl is ilc spiiiiual
liquid ol ilc Vaisnavas. Ii is cvciyonc's duiy io givc up ilis icnil obsiaclc ¦scc
Appcndix C]. Tlc clcvcnil obsiaclc ol ilc Vaisnavas is scciaiianism, wlicl ialcs
ilc slapc ol ilc loicsi liic. Duc io scciaiianism a pcison cannoi acccpi anyonc
ouisidc ol lis own gioup as a Vaisnava, and as a icsuli lc laccs many obsiaclcs in
linding a guiu and associaiing wiil dcvoiccs. Tlcicloic cxiinguisling ilc loicsi
liic is mosi impoiiani.
TEXT 23
praIambo ávaáasc cauryam atmano branma-vaáínam
pravístan hrsna-áasyc pí vaísnavanam sutasharan
Tlc impcisonalisis dcsiic io mcigc ilc soul in ilc impcisonal lialman. In oilci
woids, scaicling loi ilc libciaiion ol complcic mciging is ilc dclcci ol sicaling ilc
scll, bccausc ilcic is no lappincss in ilis siaic. Nciilci ilc living cniiiy noi ilc
Loid gain anyiling liom ilis. Il onc bclicvcs ilc impcisonalisis' plilosoply, ilcn
lc musi acccpi ilis maiciial woild as lalsc. Onc ilcn dcnounccs lialman as
indillcicni and giadually dcvclops doubis aboui ilc basis ol lialman. Il onc
dccply discusscs ilis iopic, ilcn lc is compcllcd io acccpi mcaninglcss ncscicncc
and noncxisicncc ol ilc living cniiiics. Tlus all ol manlind's cndcavois and
considciaiions bccomc mcaninglcss. Somciimcs ilis plilosoply cnicis amongsi
Vaisnavas in ilc loim ol Pialambasuia io spicad anartnas, in ilc loim ol sicaling
ilc scll. Tlis is ilc iwclvc obsiaclc in ilc Vaisnavas' scicncc ol lovc.
TEXT 2+
harmanan pnaIam anvihsya ácvcnáraáí-prapujanam
trayoáasatmaho áoso varjaniyan prayatnatan
Tlc iliiiccnil obsiaclc loi ilc Vaisnavas is ilc woislip ol minoi dcmigods sucl
as India wiil a dcsiic loi liuiiivc icsulis cvcn alici bccoming siiuaicd in ilc
pioccss ol dcvoiional scivicc.
TEXT 25
cauryanrta mayo áoso vyomasura svarupahan
sri-hrsna-prití-paryaptau naranam pratíbanánahan
Tlc louiiccnil obsiaclc in dcvcloping lovc loi Kisna is sicaling oilcis' piopciiy
and spcaling lics. Tlcsc cicaic disiuibanccs in Viaja in ilc loim ol Vyomasuia.
TEXT 26
varunaIaya sampraptír nanáasya cítta-maáaham
varjaniyam saáa saábnír vísmrtír ny atmano yatan
Tlc iiansccndcnial lappincss ol ilc living cniiiics in Viaja is lnown as nanáa. In
oidci io cnlancc ilai lappincss, somc dcludcd pcoplc diinl winc, and as a icsuli
ilcy cicaic ilc gicai anartna ol loigciiing ilcmsclvcs. Kidnapping Nanda io ilc
abodc ol Vaiuna is ilc liliccnil obsiaclc loi ilc Vaisnavas. Pcoplc wlo aic
absoibcd in ilc mood ol Viaja ncvci diinl winc.
TEXT 27
pratístnaparata bnahtí ccnaIcna bnoga-hamana
sanhnacuáa ítí prohtan soáasan pratíbanánahan
Tlc dcsiic loi gaining lamc and scnsc giaiilicaiion iliougl bnahtí is callcd
Sanllacuda. Tlis is ilc sixiccnil obsiaclc. Tlosc wlosc aciions aic moiivaicd by
a dcsiic loi lamc aic also pioud, ilcicloic Vaisnavas slould always bc caiclul ol
sucl pcisons.
TEXT 28
ananáa-varáánanc híncít sayujyam bnasatc nráí
tan nanáa-bnahsahan sarpas tcna muhtan suvaísnavan
As ilc Vaisnavas' lappincss coniinually incicascs in ilc pioccss ol woislip, ilcy
somciimcs losc consciousncss. Ai ilai iimc ilc lccling ol mciging ovcicomcs
ilcm. Tlis lccling ol mciging wiil ilc Loid is ilc snalc ilai swallowcd Nanda
Malaiaja. A piaciiiionci wlo icmains licc liom ilis snalc will bccomc a qualilicd
Vaisnava.
TEXT 29
bnahtí-tcjo-samráánya tu svotharsa-jnanavan naran
haáacíá áusta-buáánya tu hcsí-gnnam avamanyatc
Kcsï, a dcmon in ilc loim ol a loisc, pcisonilics ilc piaciiiionci's conccpiion ol
bcing moic cxpcii ilan oilcis in dcvoiional scivicc. Wlcn lc comcs io Viaja, lc
cicaics a gicai disiuibancc. As a Vaisnava giadually bcgins pioclaiming lis own
supciioiiiy, a mcnialiiy ol disicspcci loi ilc Loid aiiscs and ilc dcvoicc lalls liom
lis posiiion. Tlcicloic ii is mosi impoiiani io picvcni ilis cvil mcnialiiy liom
cniciing ilc lcaii. Lvcn il onc is cxpcii in dcvoiional scivicc, a Vaisnava will ncvci
givc up ilc qualiiy ol lumiliiy. Il onc docs so, ilcn ilcic is a nccd loi lilling Kcsï.
Tlis is ilc cigliccnil obsiaclc.
TEXT 30
áosas castaáasa ny ctc bnahtanam satravo nráí
áamanayan prayatncna hrsnananáa níscvína
Tlosc wlo wani io lappily scivc Kisna in ilc puic mood ol Viaja slould caiclully
dcsiioy ilc abovc-mcniioncd cigliccn obsiaclcs. Somc ol ilcsc obsiaclcs slould bc
dcsiioycd by a pcison's own cndcavoi and puiiiy, and somc slould bc dcsiioycd
by ilc mcicy ol Kisna. A living cniiiy is ablc io pcisonally dcsiioy ilc obsiaclcs
ilai aic lound undci ilc slclici ol icligious duiics iliougl samaání lnown as
savíhaIpa. Tlc Srimaá Pnagavatam cxplains ilai ilcsc obsiaclcs aic aciually
dcsiioycd by laladcva. lui ii is also dcsciibcd ilai ilc obsiaclcs ilai aic dcsiioycd
by ialing slclici ol Kisna aic aciually dcsiioycd by Him. Swanlilc pcisons wiil
subilc disciiminaiion slould caiclully discuss ilcsc iopics.
TEXT 31
jnanínam matnura áosan harmínam pura-vartínan
varjaniyan saáa híntu bnahtanam vraja-áusahan
Tlosc wlo aic on ilc pail ol jnana slould givc up ilc ollcnscs lound in ilc icalm
ol Mailuia, and ilosc wlo aic on ilc pail ol liuiiivc aciiviiics slould givc ilc
ollcnscs lound in Dvaiala. lui dcvoiccs slould givc up ilc obsiaclcs ilai polluic
ilc mood ol Viaja and bc absoibcd in lovc loi Kisna.
1nus cnás tnc Lígnt Cnaptcr oj Siï Kisna-samliia, cntítIcá
ºDírcct aná |náírcct Consíácratíons on tnc Mooás oj Vraja.¨
May Loid Kisna bc plcascd.
Chapfer Nine
Achievemenf of fhe
Lofus Feef of Lord Krsna
TEXT 1
vyascna vraja-IiIayam nítya-tattvam prahasítam
prapanca-janítam jnanam napnotí yat svarupaham
Siï Vyasadcva las cxplaincd ilc cicinal iiuil wlilc dcsciibing ilc pasiimcs ol
Viaja. Tlis cicinal iiuil is bcyond ilc icalm ol maiciial lnowlcdgc (scc 2.+1-+3).
TEXT 2
jivasya síáána-sattayam bnasatc tattvam uttamam
áurata ranítc suáánc samaánau nírvíhaIpahc
Tlis supicmc iiuil slincs in ilc living cniiiy's puic cxisicncc. Tlis puic cxisicncc
is aiiainablc by condiiioncd souls iliougl puic absoluic samaání, wlicl
vanquislcs all impcdimcnis. Tlcic aic iwo iypcs ol samaání-aiiilicial and
absoluic. Tlc dcvoiccs acccpi naiuial samaání as absoluic and labiicaicd samaání
as aiiilicial, icgaidlcss ol wlaicvci cxplanaiions ilc jnanis lavc. Tlc soul is
spiiiiual, ilcicloic ilc qualiiics ol scll-lnowlcdgc and lnowlcdgc ol oilci objccis
aic naiuially picscni in lim. ly ilc qualiiy ol scll-lnowlcdgc, onc can icalizc onc's
scll. ly ilc qualiiy ol lnowing oilci objccis, onc can icalizc all oilci objccis.
Sincc sucl qualiiics aic ilc consiiiuiional naiuic ol a living cniiiy, wlcic is ilc
doubi ilai naiuial samaání is absoluic' A living cniiiy docs noi icquiic io ialc
slclici ol anoilci insiiumcni io undcisiand ilc supicmc objcci. Tlcicloic ilis
samaání is laulilcss. lui wlcn onc ialcs slclici ol Sanllya-samadli, wlicl cniails
lauliy oi unnaiuial aciiviiics, ii is lnown as aiiilicial samaání. Tlc consiiiuiional
aciiviiics ol ilc soul aic callcd naiuial samaání, loi ilc mind las no juiisdiciion in
ilcsc aciiviiics. Naiuial samaání is casy and licc liom misciy. Il onc ialcs slclici
ol ilis samaání, ilcn ilc cicinal iiuil is casily icalizcd.
TEXT 3
maya-sutasya vísvasya cíc-cnayatvat samanata
cíc-cnahtyavíshrtc haryc samaánav apí catmaní
Tlc pasiimcs ol Viaja lavc bccn pciccivcd and dcsciibcd iliougl ilc pioccss ol
naiuial samaání, in ilc loim ol scll-icalizaiion. Alilougl ilc namcs, loims,
qualiiics, and aciiviiics ilai aic uscd io dcsciibc Viaja-lïla appcai almosi mundanc,
ilai is only bccausc ilc maiciial woild cicaicd by Maya is similai io iis oiigin,
Vailunila. Aciually ilc soul's naiuial samaání is a lunciion ol ilc spiiiiual
poicncy. Wlaicvci is pciccivcd iliougl naiuial samaání is ilc idcal cxamplc loi
ilc maiciial woild, noi imiiaiion.
TEXT +
tasmat tu vraja-bnavanam hrsna-nama-gunatmanam
gunaír jaáyatmahaín sasvat saársyam upaIahsyatc
Ioi ilis icason Kisna's namcs, qualiiics, and loims lavc a similaiiiy io maiciial
namcs, qualiiics, and loims.
TEXT 5
svaprahasa svabnavo yam samaánín hatnyatc buánaín
atí-suhsma-svarupatvat samsayat sa víIupyatc
Scll-icalizaiion comcs iliougl scll-illuminaiion. Lcaincd sclolais call scll-
icalizaiion samaání. Tlis is vciy subilc. Il ilcic is a iingc ol doubi, ii is piaciically
losi. Many iiuils sucl as ilc living cniiiy's laiil in lis own cxisicncc, ilc living
cniiiy's cicinal cxisicncc, and ilc living cniiiy's iclaiionslip wiil ilc Absoluic
Tiuil aic icalizcd iliougl naiuial samaání. Do I cxisi oi noi'` Will I cxisi alici
dcail'` Do I lavc any iclaiionslip wiil ilc Absoluic Tiuil'` Il onc dcvclops
sucl aigumcniaiivc doubis on ilc iiuil, ilcn lis naiuial samaání bccomcs
coniaminaicd wiil picjudiccs and giadually loigoiicn. Tlc iiuil can ncvci bc losi;
ii can only bc loigoiicn. Tlc soul's cicinaliiy and ilc cxisicncc ol ilc Absoluic
Tiuil cannoi bc csiablislcd by aigumcni, bccausc aigumcni las no cniiancc inio
ilc icalm bcyond ilc maiciial woild. Scll-icalizaiion is ilc only way io csiablisl
ilcsc iiuils. Tlc dcvoiccs ol Kisna always icalizc ilcii cicinal lomc, Vailunila,
and ilcii cicinal occupaiion, scivicc io Kisna, iliougl naiuial samaání, oi scll-
icalizaiion. Wlcn a spiiii soul piaciiccs naiuial samaání, lc piogicssivcly icalizcs
ilc lollowing subjccis: (1) lis scll, (2) ilc insignilicancc ol ilc scll, (3) ilc
supicmc slclici, (+) ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn ilc slclici and ilc slclicicd, (5) ilc
bcauiy ol ilc qualiiics, aciiviiics, and loim ol ilc slclici, (6) ilc iclaiionslips
amongsi ilc slclicicd, (7) ilc abodc ol ilc slclici and ilc slclicicd, (S) ilc
absoluic iimc lacioi, (9) ilc vaiious moods ol ilc slclicicd, (10) ilc cicinal
pasiimcs bciwccn ilc slclici and ilc slclicicd, (11) ilc cncigics ol ilc slclici,
(12) ilc advanccmcni and dcgiadaiion ol ilc slclicicd by ilc cncigics ol ilc
slclici, (13) ilc misidcniilicaiion ol ilc dcgiadcd slclicicd, (1+) ilc culiivaiion ol
dcvoiional scivicc loi icsioiaiion ol ilc dcgiadcd slclicicd, and (15) ilc dcgiadcd
slclicicd icgaining ilcii consiiiuiional posiiion iliougl dcvoiional scivicc. Tlcsc
liliccn along wiil oilci inconccivablc iiuils aic icalizcd. Tlc moic maiciial
lnowlcdgc is mixcd wiil onc's naiuial samaání, ilc lcss onc can icalizc ilc iiuil.
Tlc moic onc is ablc io advancc on ilc pail ol naiuial samaání by coniiolling
aigumcni, wlicl is lilc ilc minisici ol maiciial lnowlcdgc, ilc moic onc can
opcn ilc sioiclousc and acquiic indcsciibablc spiiiiual iiuils. Tlc sioiclousc ol
Vailunila is always lull. Loid Siï Kisnacandia, ilc lovablc objcci ol all, consianily
inviics ilc living cniiiics iliougl ilc opcn dooi ol ilai sioiclousc.
TEXT 6
vayam tu samsayam tyahtva pasyamas tattvam uttamam
vrnáavanantarc ramyc sri-hrsna-rupa-saubnagam
Wc lavc dcsiioycd ilc doubis ilai lindci samaání, and wc aic sccing wiilin ilc
innci ciiclc ol Vailunila ilc bcauiilul loim ol Siï Kisna, wlo is ilc iopmosi
pcisonaliiy ol Vindavana. Il oui samaání would lavc bccn polluicd wiil maiciial
lnowlcdgc and il ilc piopcnsiiy loi aigumcni, alici giving up mundanc
lnowlcdgc, would lavc iniiudcd in ilc pioccss ol samaání, ilcn wc would noi
lavc acccpicd ilc qualiiy ol vaiicgaicdncss ol ilc spiiiiual woild and wc would
lavc piocccdcd only up io impcisonal lialman. lui il maiciial lnowlcdgc and
aigumcni was io somc cxicni subducd and iniiudcd only io somc cxicni inio ilc
pioccss ol samaání, ilcn wc would lavc acccpicd ilc cicinal dillcicniiaiion
bciwccn ilc soul and ilc Supcisoul, and noiling moic. lui sincc wc lavc ioially
submcigcd ilis wiclcd piopcnsiiy ol doubiing, wc lavc aiiaincd complcic
icalizaiion ol ilc bcauiilul loim ol ilc supicmc slclici.
TEXT 7
nara-bnava-svarupo yam cít-tattva-pratí-posahan
snígána-syamatmaho varnan sarvananáa-vívaráánahan
Now wc aic going io cxplain ilc loim and bcauiy ol ilc Loid, wlicl aic icalizcd
iliougl samaání. Tlc bcauiilul loim ol ilc Loid, wlicl nouiislcs all spiiiiual
subjccis, is lilc a luman loim (plcasc scc 2.17-1S). Tlcic is no dillcicncc bciwccn
ilc cncigy and iis cllcci in ilc absoluic icalm, ncvciilclcss ilc sanáníni aspcci ol
ilc spiiiiual poicncy wiil ilc lclp ol vaiicgaicdncss aiiangcs ilc cllcci so
pcilccily ilai ii las cicaicd a wondcilully unpicccdcnicd sccnc. Tlcic is no
compaiison io ilai bcauiy, ciilci in ilis woild oi in ilc spiiiiual woild. Sincc
ilcic is no picdominancc ol iimc and spacc in ilc Absoluic Tiuil, ilc signilicancc
oi gicaincss ol ilc Loid's loim docs noi incicasc His gloiics, iailci, bccausc His
loim is bcyond ilc maiciial icalm, ii is always wondcilul and complcic. Tlcicloic
wc aic sccing ilc body ol ilc Loid, wlicl is ilc souicc ol all bcauiy, iliougl
samaání. Tlc Loid's loim is cvcn moic swcci. Tlc moic dccply onc sccs ilc loim
ol ilc Loid iliougl ilc cycs ol samaání, ilc moic onc sccs an indcsciibablc
plcasing blaclisl loim. Pcilaps ilai spiiiiual loim is pcivciicdly icllccicd as
mundanc bluc sappliics, wlicl givc iclicl io ilc mundanc cycs, oi mundanc ncw
clouds, wlicl incicasc ilc lappincss ol ilc buining mundanc cycs.
TEXT 8-9
trí-tattva-bnangímayuhto rajivanayananvítan
síhní-píccna-ánaran sriman vana-maIa-víbnusítan
pitambaran suvcsaánya vamsinyasta suhnambujan
yamuna-puIínc ramyc haáamba-taIam-asrítan
Tlc sanáníni, samvít, and nIaáíni poicncics wondcilully mcigc in ilc bcauiilul
ilicclold-bcnding loim ol ilc Loid. Tlc Loid's cvci-plcasing cycs incicasc ilc
bcauiy ol His loim. Pcilaps ilc loius llowcis ol ilis woild aic modclcd alici His
cycs. Tlc ciown ol ilc Loid's lcad is wondcilully dccoiaicd. Pcilaps ilc pcacocl
lcailcis ol ilis woild aic modclcd alici ilosc dccoiaiions. A gailand ol spiiiiual
llowcis incicascs ilc bcauiy ol ilc Loid's nccl. Pcilaps a loicsi llowci gailand ol
ilis woild is modclcd alici ilai iiansccndcnial gailand. Spiiiiual lnowlcdgc,
wlicl is manilcsicd liom ilc samvít aspcci ol ilc spiiiiual poicncy, covcis ilc
waisi ol ilc Loid's loim. Pcilaps ilc liglining boli ol a ncw cloud ol ilis woild is
modclcd alici ilai covciing. Spiiiiual jcwcls lilc Kausiubla and oilci oinamcnis
bcauiilully dccoiaic His loim. Tlc insiiumcni by wlicl ilc Loid swccily inviics oi
spiiiiually aiiiacis all is lnown as ilc lluic. Tlc lluic ol ilis woild, wlicl cicaics
vaiious ragas, oi musical modcs, migli bc modclcd alici ilai lluic. Tlis
inconccivablc loim ol ilc Loid is sccn undci ilc haáamba iicc, wlicl is ilc loim
ol laiis sianding on cnd in ccsiasy, on ilc banl ol ilc Yamuna, wlicl is ilc loim
ol spiiiiual liquid.
TEXT 10
ctcna cít-svarupcna Iahsancna jagat-patín
Iahsíto nanáajan hrsno vaísnavcna samaánína
Siï Kisna, ilc son ol Nanda and Loid ol ilc spiiiiual and maiciial woilds, is sccn
wiil ilc abovc-mcniioncd spiiiiual sympioms by ilc Vaisnavas iliougl samaání.
A swanlilc pcison slould noi disicgaid ilcsc spiiiiual lcaiuics bccausc ilcy lavc
sladow loims in ilis maiciial woild. All ilcsc spiiiiual lcaiuics combinc io luiilci
cnlancc ilc splcndoi ol ilc Loid. Onc will scc moic subilc lcaiuics ol ilc Loid by
cniciing dccpci inio samaání, and onc will scc lcss vaiiciy and qualiiics ol ilc Loid
by cniciing slallowci inio samaání. Unloiiunaic pcoplc wlo aic cnamouicd by
maiciial lnowlcdgc aic unablc io scc ilc spiiiiual loim ol ilc Loid and ilc
vaiicgaicdncss ol ilc spiiiiual woild cvcn ilougl ilcy aiicmpi io scc Vailunila
iliougl samaání. Ioi ilis icason ilcii spiiiiual culiivaiion is limiicd and ilcii
iicasuic ol lovc is vciy mcagic.
TEXT 11
aharsana-svarupcna vamsi-gitcna sunáaran
maáarcn vísvam ctaá vaí gopinam-anaran-manan
Loid Siï Kisnacandia, wlo is icalizcd iliougl samaání, lidnaps ilc lcaiis ol ilc
gopis and maddcns ilc spiiiiual and maiciial woilds wiil ilc sound ol His lluic,
wlicl is ilc loim ol all aiiiaciion.
TEXT 12
jaty-aáí-maáa-víbnrantya hrsnaptír áurnráam hutan
gopinam hcvaIam hrsnas cíttam aharsanc hsaman
How can ilosc wlosc lcaiis lavc bccn polluicd by social picsiigc aiiain Kisna'
Tlc wiclcd piidc ol ilis maiciial woild las six causcs-biiil, bcauiy, qualiiics,
lnowlcdgc, opulcncc, and siicngil. Pcoplc wlo aic ovciwlclmcd by ilcsc six
linds ol piidc cannoi ialc io ilc dcvoiional scivicc ol ilc Loid. Wc aic
cxpciicncing ilis cvciyday in oui lilc. Pcisons wlo aic polluicd by ilc piidc ol
lnowlcdgc considci ilc scicncc ol Kisna vciy insignilicani. Wlilc considciing ilc
goal ol lilc, sucl pcoplc icgaid ilc lappincss ol lialman io bc supciioi io ilc
lappincss ol dcvoiional scivicc. Pcisons wlo aic dcvoid ol piidc aiiain ilc mood
ol gopas oi gopis io cnjoy wiil Kisna. Tlc gopas and gopis aic ilc auiloiiiics in ilc
scicncc ol Kisna. Tlc icason loi using ilc woid gopi in ilis vcisc is ilai in ilis
bool wc aic discussing ilc iopmosi rasa ol conjugal lovc. Pcisons wlo aic siiuaicd
in santa, áasya, sahnya, and vatsaIya rasas aic also in ilc mood ol Viaja, and ilcy
icalizc ilc iiansccndcnial mcllows in iclaiionslip wiil Kisna accoiding io ilcii
icspcciivc moods. Wc aic noi going io claboiaic on ilcm in ilis bool. Aciually all
living cniiiics aic cligiblc loi ilc mood ol Viaja. Wlcn onc's lcaii is lillcd wiil ilc
mood ol maánurya, lc aiiains Viaja in lull pcilcciion. Oui ol ilc livc rasas, a
pcison is naiuially aiiiacicd io ilc rasa in wlicl lc las an cicinal consiiiuiional
iclaiionslip wiil ilc Loid, and lc slould ilcicloic woislip ilc Loid in ilai
paiiiculai mood. lui in ilis bool wc lavc only dcsciibcd ilc living cniiiy's
iopmosi mood ol conjugal lovc.
TEXT 13
gopi-bnavatmahan síáánan saánahas taá anuhrtcn
ávívíánan saánavo jncyan paramartna-víáa saáa
Tlosc wlo lavc aiiaincd ilc mood ol ilc gopis aic callcd pcilccicd bcings, and
ilosc wlo imiiaic ilcm aic callcd piaciiiioncis. Tlcicloic ilc lcaincd, wlo lnow
ilc Absoluic Tiuil, acccpi iwo iypcs ol sadlus-pcilccicd bcings and
piaciiiioncis.
TEXT 1+
samsrtau bnramatam harnc pravístam hrsna-gitaham
baIaá aharsayams cíttam uttamam hurutc ní tan
Wc aic now cxplaining ilc giadual pioccss ol saánana loi ilosc in ilc mood ol ilc
gopis. Wlcn ilc sound ol Kisna's lluic cnicis ilc cai ol a living cniiiy wlo is
wandciing iliougloui ilc maiciial woild, lc is aiiiacicd by ilc swcci sound and
bccomcs liglly qualilicd.
TEXT 15
pumbnavc vígatc signram stri-bnavo jayatc taáa
purva-rago bnavct tcsam unmaáa Iahsananvítan
Scnsc giaiilicaiion is ilc maiciialisi's piimaiy anartna. Wlcn ilc slclicicd givc up
ilc slclici, ilcn ilcy considci ilcmsclvcs ilc cnjoyci ol maya. Il ilc piaciiiionci's
piopcnsiiy loi cnjoymcni is quiclly dcsiioycd, ilcn lc can again aiiain ilc slclici
ol ilosc pcisons wlo aic aiiaclcd io conjugal rasa and considci limscll a
iiansccndcnial woman, io bc cnjoycd by ilc Loid. Giadually sucl pcisons dcvclop
purva-raga io sucl a dcgicc ilai ilcy bccomc almosi mad.
TEXT 16
srutva hrsna-gunam tatra áarsahaáání punan punan
cítrítam rupam anvihsya varáánatc IaIasa bnrsam
ly sccing piciuics ol Kisna oi by icpcaicdly lcaiing dcsciipiions ol Kisna liom
pcisons wlo lavc sccn Him, onc's giccd loi aiiaining Kisna incicascs unlimiicdly.
TEXT 17
pratnamam sanajam jnanam ávítiyam sastra-varnanam
trtiyam hausaIam vísvc hrsnasya ccsa-rupínan
Wlcn a living cniiiy iliougl naiuial lnowlcdgc cxpciicnccs aiiiaciion loi ilc
Loid, ilis is lnown as lcaiing songs ol Kisna. Rcalizing Kisna alici sciuiinizingly
siudying dcsciipiions ol His loim naiiaicd in ilc sciipiuics by pcisons wlo lavc
sccn Kisna is callcd lcaiing ilc qualiiics ol Kisna. Sccing Kisna's aiiisiiy wiilin
ilc woild is callcd sccing Kisna's piciuic. Tlis maiciial woild is ilc icllccicd
sladow ol spiiiiual vaiicgaicdncss. Wlocvci las icalizcd ilis is said io lavc sccn
Kisna's piciuic. In oilci woids, a pcison bccomcs a Vaisnava by ilicc pioccsscs-
sccing ilc Loid iliougl naiuial lnowlcdgc, icalizing ilc Loid by siudying ilc
sciipiuics, and sccing ilc Loid iliougl His aiiisiiy.
TEXT 18
vraja-bnavasrayc hrsnc sraáána tu raga-rupaha
tasmat sango tna saánunam vartatc vraja-vasínam
Puic laiil in Kisna, wlo is ilc slclici ol ilc moods ol Viaja, is callcd purva-raga
oi prag-bnava. Wlcn ilis laiil awalcns, onc aclicvcs ilc associaiion ol a dcvoicc
icsidcni ol Viaja. Associaiion ol ilc dcvoiccs is ilc causc loi aclicving Kisna.
TEXT 19
haáacíá abnísaran syaá yamuna-tata-sanníánau
gnatatc míIanam tatra hantcna sanítam subnam
Sucl loiiunaic pcisons lix a lovc icndczvous wiil Kisna and ilcn giadually
piocccd iowaids ilc banl ol ilc spiiiiual liquid Yamuna, wlcic ilcy mcci ilcii
bclovcd.
TEXT 20
hrsna-sangat parananáan svabnavcna pravartatc
purvasrítan suhnam garnyam tat hsanat gospaáayatc
ly ilc associaiion ol Kisna, ilcy ilcn naiuially cxpciicncc sucl iiansccndcnial
lappincss ilai ilc lappincss ol lialman is considcicd insignilicani bcloic ii. Ai
ilai iimc ilc lappincss ol maiciial lamily lilc bccomcs compaiablc io ilc waici in
ilc loolpiini ol a call bcloic ilc occan ol lovc.
TEXT 21
varáánatc paramananáo nráayc ca áínc áínc
atmanamatmaní prcstnc nítya-nutana-vígranc
Tlcicalici, ilc Loid and soul ol all souls, in His cvci-licsl loim, unlimiicdly
incicascs ilai occan ol bliss. Tlc Loid, wlo is ilc slclici ol all rasas, always
appcais wondcilully cvci-licsl. In oilci woids, ilc slclicicd pcisons' iliisi loi
rasa incicascs and is ncvci qucnclcd. Tliougl samaání, gicai dcvoiccs lavc sccn
in ilc spiiiiual woild livc diicci rasas, bcginning wiil santa, and scvcn indiicci
rasas, bcginning wiil lcioism and compassion. Sincc ilc maiciial woild is lnown
as ilc icllccicd sladow ol ilc Vailunila woild, all ilc imiiaiion rasas ol ilc
maiciial woild musi cciiainly bc picscni in ilcii puic loims in Vailunila.
TEXT 22
cíá-ananáasya jivasya sac-cíá-ananáa-vígranc
yanurahtín svatan síáána sa ratín prití-bijaham
Now wc will again dccply discuss ilc picviously cxplaincd scicncc ol ratí,
aiiiaciion. Aiiiaciion is ilc sccd ol lovc and ilc piinciplc assci loi cxccuiing
dcvoiional scivicc. Tlc scll-illuminaicd pcilcci aiiaclmcni ol a living cniiiy loi ilc
sat-cíá-ananáa Loid is callcd aiiiaciion. Tlc naiuially pcilcci piopcnsiiy ol
aiiaclmcni bciwccn spiiiiual idcniiiics is vciy siiong bciwccn Kisna and ilc living
cniiiics. Tlis siagc is callcd stnayi-bnava, pcimancni ccsiaiic moods, wlicl is ilc
goal ol ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam, ilc oinamcnial liiciaiuic ol ilc paramanamsas.
TEXT 23
sa rati-rasam-asrítya varáánatc rasa-rupa-ánrh
rasan panca-víáno muhnyan gaunan sapta-víánas tatna
Tlis aiiiaciion is ilc subilc oiigin ol rasa. Jusi as onc` is ilc oiigin in ilc pioccss
ol couniing numbcis yci ii icmains picscni in subscqucni numbcis, similaily in
ilc maiuic siagcs ol prití-sucl as prcma, sncna, mana, and raga-aiiiaciion
icmains picscni as ilc oiigin. Aiiiaciion is sccn as ilc iooi in all ilc aciiviiics ol
prití, wlilc bnava and vaiious ingicdicnis aic sccn as bianclcs and subbianclcs.
Tlcicloic aiiiaciion coniinually incicascs undci ilc slclici ol rasa. Tlcic aic
iwclvc diicci and indiicci rasas.
TEXT 2+
santa-áasyaáayo muhnyan sambanána-bnava-rupahan
rasa viraáayo gaunan sambanáottnan svabnavatan
Santa, áasya, sahnya, vatsaIya, and maánurya aic ilc livc diicci rasas. lcsidcs ilc
livc diicci mcllows, ilcic aic scvcn indiicci mcllows, lnown as nasya (lauglici),
aábnuta (wondci), vira (clivaliy), haruna (compassion), rauára (angci), bibnatsa
(disasici), and bnaya (lcai). Tlcsc scvcn indiicci rasas aiisc liom ilc livc diicci
rasas. Uniil aiiiaciion mixcs wiil a paiiiculai iclaiionslip, ii icmains in a ncuiial
siaic and cannoi aci. lui wlcn aiiiaciion joins wiil a paiiiculai iclaiionslip, ii
bcgins io manilcsi. Tlc cmoiions ilai aic pioduccd by ilis manilcsiaiion aic ilc
indiicci rasas.
TEXT 25
rasa-rupam avapycyam ratír bnatí svarupatan
víbnavaír anubnavaís ca sattvíhaír vyabnícaríbnín
Wlcn ratí, aiiiaciion, ialcs ilc slapc ol rasa, ii bccomcs moic luminous by
mixing wiil loui oilci ingicdicnis. Alilougl aiiiaciion is picscni undci ilc
slclici ol rasa, ii cannoi manilcsi wiiloui ilc ingicdicnis. Tlcsc ingicdicnis aic ol
loui iypcs-víbnava (spccial ccsiasy), anubnava (suboidinaic ccsiasy), sattvíha
(naiuial ccsiasy), and vyabnícari (iiansiioiy ccsiasy). Víbnava is dividcd inio ilc
iwo caicgoiics aIambana (ilc suppoii) and uááipana (siimulaiion). AIambana may
bc luiilci dividcd inio iwo-Kisna and His dcvoiccs. Tlc qualiiics and
claiaciciisiics ol Kisna and His dcvoiccs aic callcd uááipana. Anubnava is dividcd
inio ilicc-aIanhara (oinamcnis ol cmoiional lovc), uábnasvara (cxicinal
manilcsiaiions ol cmoiional lovc), and vacíha (vcibal manilcsiaiions ol cmoiional
lovc). Tlc iwcniy iypcs ol aIanharas, sucl as bnava (ccsiasy) and nava (gcsiuics),
aic caicgoiizcd inio ilicc-angaja (in iclaiion io ilc body), ayatnaja (in iclaiion
io ilc scll), and svabnavaja (in iclaiion io naiuic). Plysical aciiviiics lilc jrmbna
(yawning), nrtya (dancing), and Iuntnana (plundciing) aic lnown as uábnasvaras
(cxicinal manilcsiaiions ol cmoiional lovc). Tlcic aic iwclvc vacíha anubnavas,
sucl as aIapa and víIapa. Tlcic aic cigli sattvíha-víharas, sucl as stambna (bcing
siunncd), and svcáa (pcispiiing). And ilcic aic iliiiy-ilicc vyabnícari-bnavas,
sucl as nírvcáa (indillcicncc). Aiiiaciion icquiics ilc consiani suppoii ol rasa and
ilcsc ingicdicnis io nouiisl onc's iclaiionslip up io manabnava.
TEXT 26
csa hrsna-ratín stnayi bnavo bnahtí-raso bnavct
baáánc bnahtí-svarupa sa muhtc sa prití-rupíni
Tlis aiiiaciion loi Kisna is also lnown as stnayi-bnava and bnahtí-rasa. Duc io ilc
condiiioncd souls' iclaiionslip wiil ilc maiciial woild, ilcii aiiiaciion ialcs ilc
slapc ol dcvoiional scivicc. In ilc libciaicd souls in Vailunila, aiiiaciion is
cicinally picscni in ilc loim ol prití, oi lovc.
TEXT 27
muhtc sa vartatc nítya baáánc sa saáníta bnavct
nítya síáánasya bnavasya prahatyam nráí saányata
Tlc giadual siagcs ol ilc dcvclopmcni ol aiiiaciion up io manabnava, ilc
manilcsiaiion ol aiiiaciion undci ilc slclici ol diicci and indiicci rasa, and ilc
unlimiicd occan ol swccincss cicaicd by ilc wondcilul mixiuic ol aiiiaciion wiil
ilc abovc-mcniioncd ingicdicnis aic ilc cicinal wcalil ol libciaicd souls and ilc
goal loi condiiioncd souls. You may asl wlai is ilc nccd loi piaciicing dcvoiional
scivicc il ilis spiiiiual blisslul rasa is cicinal. Tlc answci is ilai ilc aiiiaciion ol
ilc living cniiiics las bccomc pcivciicd and mundanc. Tlcicloic onc las io
awalcn puic aiiiaciion in onc's lcaii by piaciicing dcvoiional scivicc.
TEXT 28
aáarsac cínmayaávísvat sampraptam susamaánína
sanajcna manabnagaír vyasaáíbnír íáam matam
Lcaincd pcisonaliiics lilc Vyasadcva and wc ouisclvcs lavc sccn iliougl samaání
ilai ilc scicncc ol aiiiaciion is mosi iclislablc loi ilc puic living cniiiics. Tlc
qualiiics ol ilc oiigin aic somcwlai icllccicd in iis sladow. Tlai is wly ilc loving
allaiis ol ilis maiciial woild aic ilc mosi plcasing loim ol maiciial cnjoymcni. lui
ilc aiiiaciion bciwccn malc and lcmalc ol ilis woild is vciy insignilicani and
abominablc wlcn compaicd io spiiiiual aiiiaciion. As siaicd in ilc Srimaá
Pnagavatam (10.33.39):
víhriáítam vraja-vaánubnír íáam ca vísnon
sraáánanvíto nusrnuyaá atna varnaycá yan
bnahtím param bnagavatí pratíIabnya hamam
nrá-rogam asv apanínoty acírcna ániran
Anyonc wlo laiillully lcais oi dcsciibcs ilc Loid's playlul allaiis wiil ilc young
gopis ol Vindavana will aiiain ilc Loid's puic dcvoiional scivicc. Tlus lc will
quiclly bccomc sobci and conquci lusi, ilc discasc ol ilc lcaii.`
TEXT 29
mana-bnavavíánír bnavo mana-rasavaánín hríya
nítya-síáánasya jivasya nítya-síáánc paratmaní
Wc lavc ilus dcsciibcd aciiviiics up io ilc rasa dancc and moods up io
manabnava cnjoycd bciwccn ilc Supicmc Loid Kisna and ilc cicinally libciaicd
living cniiiics.
TEXT 30
ctavaj jaáa-janyanam vahyanam carama gatín
yaáuráánam vartatc tan no samaánau paríársyatam
Duc io associaiing wiil maiici, ilis is ilc limii ilai oui woids can dcsciibc.
Wlaicvci is bcyond ilis can bc lnown only iliougl samaání.
1nus cnás tnc Níntn Cnaptcr oj Siï Kisna-samliia, cntítIcá ºAcnícvcmcnt oj tnc Lotus
Icct oj Lorá Krsna.¨
May Loid Kisna bc plcascd.
Chapfer Ten
Characferisfics of
Lord Krsna's Associafes
TEXT 1
ycsam ragoáítan hrsnc sraáána va vímaIoáíta
tcsam acaranam suáánam sarvatra paríársyatc
Wc aic now dcsciibing ilc claiaciciisiics ol Kisna's dcvoiccs wlo aic in ilc mood
ol Viaja. Tlc claiaciciisiics ol ilosc wlo lavc awalcncd raga, oi laiil in ilc loim
ol purva-raga, is always puic and laulilcss. Ai ilis junciuic wc nccd io considci ilc
scicncc ol raga, oi aiiaclmcni. Tlc ilicad ol bondagc bciwccn ilc lcaii and iis
icposiioiy is callcd prití. Tlc poiiion ol ilc ilicad ol bondagc ilai binds ilc
icposiioiy is callcd ilc scnsc ol plcasuic. Tlc poiiion ol ilc ilicad ol bondagc ilai
binds ilc lcaii is callcd raga. Tlc sympioms ol a living cniiiy's puic spiiiiual
aiiaclmcni and a living cniiiy's impuic mcnial aiiaclmcni aic similai in icims ol
ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn ilc lcaii and iis icposiioiy. Wlcn aiiaclmcni liisi bcgins
io manilcsi, ii is lnown as laiil. Tlc claiaciciisiics ol boil pcisons wiil laiil and
pcisons wiil aiiaclmcni aic puic.
TEXT 2
asuáánacaranc tcsam asraáána vartatc svatan
prapanca-vísayaá rago vaíhuntnabnímuhno yatan
Onc may asl, Wlai is ilc icason loi ilis'` Tlc answci is as lollows: Tlc scicncc
ol ilc living cniiiics' aiiaclmcni is onc. Aiiaclmcni is picscni wlcilci ilc
icposiioiy is ilc Loid oi somciling mundanc, ilc only dillcicncc is iis icposiioiy.
Wlcn aiiaclmcni is iuincd iowaids Vailunila, ilcn no aiiaclmcni loi ilc
maiciial woild icmains; onc acccpis only wlai is icquiicd loi mainicnancc. Lvcn
ilc objccis ilai aic ilus acccpicd bccomc iiansccndcnial. Tlcicloic all
aiiaclmcnis bccomc spiiiiualizcd. As soon as ilcic is a lacl ol raga, asahtí
cciiainly diminislcs. Duc io acccpiing maiciial objccis wiil an impuic moiivc, onc
naiuially dcvclops laiillcssncss. Tlcicloic ii is almosi impossiblc loi dcvoiccs io
aci sinlully. And il ilcy do aci impuicly ai any iimc, ilcic is no nccd loi
aioncmcni. Tlc main puipoii is ilai sin is commiiicd iliougl aciiviiics oi dcsiics.
Sinlul aciiviiics aic callcd sin, and sinlul dcsiics aic callcd sccds ol sin. Sinlul
aciiviiics aic noi sinlul by consiiiuiion, bccausc accoiding io onc's dcsiic ilcy aic
somciimcs sinlul and somciimcs noi. Il wc iiy io scaicl oui ilc iooi causc ol
sinlul dcsiic, oi ilc sccd ol sin, ilcn wc can ascciiain ilai idcniilying onc's body
as onc's scll is ilc iooi causc ol ilc puic living cniiiy's sinlul dcsiics. Iiom ilis
misidcniilicaiion ol onc's body as onc's scll, boil sin and piciy aiisc. Tlcicloic
boil sin and piciy aic iclaiivc, noi consiiiuiional. Tlc aciiviiics oi dcsiics ilai
iclaiivcly lclp a soul aiiain lis consiiiuiional posiiion aic callcd piciy. Tlc
opposiic aic callcd sin. Sincc dcvoiional scivicc io Kisna is onc's consiiiuiional
posiiion, wlcn onc culiivaics ilis scivicc, ilcn ncscicncc, wlicl is ilc iooi causc
ol iclaiivc siiuaiions in ilc loim ol sin and piciy, is giadually liicd and abolislcd.
Alilougl ilc dcsiic io cngagc in sinlul aciiviiy may suddcnly manilcsi lilc a liicd
haí lisl, ii is quiclly subducd by ilc pioccss ol dcvoiional scivicc. Tlc cndcavoi
loi aioncmcni ai ilis poini is usclcss. Tlcic aic ilicc iypcs ol aioncmcni-
aioncmcni iliougl laima, aioncmcni iliougl jnana, and aioncmcni iliougl
bnahtí. Rcmcmbciing Kisna is ilc aioncmcni iliougl bnahtí. Tlcicloic dcvoiional
scivicc is aioncmcni iliougl bnahtí. Tlcic is no nccd loi dcvoiccs io scpaiaicly
cndcavoi loi aioncmcni. Aioncmcni in jnana is iliougl icpcnicncc. ly aioncmcni
iliougl jnana onc's sins and sccds ol sin, oi dcsiics, aic dcsiioycd, bui ncscicncc
is noi dcsiioycd wiiloui bnahtí. ly aioncmcni iliougl laima, sucl as canárayana
(a lind ol cxpiaioiy pcnancc), onc's sins aic clcclcd, bui ilc sccds ol sinlul
dcsiics and ncscicncc, ilc iooi causc ol sins and ilc dcsiic io sin, icmains. Onc
musi undcisiand ilis scicncc ol aioncmcni wiil caiclul considciaiion. Tlc
piaciicc ol icpcniancc is obscivcd in somc loicign dcvoiional pioccsscs bascd on
paicinal rasa, and sincc ilis paicinal rasa is mixcd wiil jnana and opulcncc, ii is
icasonablc. In ilc unmoiivaicd dcvoiional scivicc ol ilc swcci Loid, lowcvci,
ilcic aic no opposing rasas lilc lcai, icpcniancc, oi libciaiion. Rcalizaiion ol onc's
consiiiuiional posiiion and climinaiion ol all picvious sins, in ilc loim ol boil
liuciilicd and unliuciilicd sins, aic boil iiiclcvani liuiis ol bnahtí and ilcicloic
casily aiiaincd by ilc dcvoiccs. As loi ilc jnanis, ilcy dcsiioy ilcii unliuciilicd
sins by ilc indiicci pioccss ol icpcniancc and ilcy cnjoy ilc icsulis ol ilcii
liuciilicd sins in ilcii cuiicni lilc. As loi ilc laimis, ilcii sins will bc dcsiioycd by
cnjoying ilc liuiis, in ilc loim ol punislmcni. Tlcicloic in ilc scicncc ol
aioncmcni ii is cxiicmcly impoiiani io considci ilc qualilicaiion ol ilc pciloimci.
TEXT 3
aáníhara-vícarcna guna-áosau vívícyatc
tyajantí satatam vaáan susha-tarhananatmahan
Iiom animal lilc io luman lilc and liom icgulaiivc piinciplcs io aiiaclmcni ilcic
aic many lcvcls ol qualilicaiion. Pciloimancc ol duiics a pcison las accoiding io
lis qualilicaiion is callcd piciy, and dcviaiion liom ilosc duiics is callcd impiciy. Il
wc considci all aciiviiics accoiding io ilis piinciplc, ilcn wlai is ilc nccd loi
scpaiaicly calculaiing onc's piciy and impiciy' Accoiding io qualilicaiion, onc
pcison's piciy may bc anoilci's impiciy. Wlcn jaclals and dogs sical and goais
lavc illicii scx, can ii bc considcicd sinlul' Sucl aciiviiics aic cciiainly counicd as
sins loi luman bcings. Tlosc wlo aic vciy aiiaclcd io maiciial objccis slould
associaic wiil womcn iliougl maiiiagc, as ilis is piciy loi sucl pcisons. lui loi
onc wlosc aiiaclmcni loi maiciial objccis las bccn ioially diiccicd iowaids ilc
Supicmc Loid, loving allaiis iliougl maiiiagc aic loibiddcn; bccausc by gicai
loiiunc lc las aiiaincd lovc loi Kisna. To divcii ilai lovc loi ilc Loid io maiciial
objccis is cciiainly an aci ol dcgiadaiion. On ilc oilci land, pcoplc wlo aic lilc
animals may nccd io associaic wiil moic ilan onc woman iliougl maiiiagc io
bccomc pious. Iiom ilc bcginning ol ilc pioccss ol woisliping ilc Loid up io ilc
aiiainmcni ol ilc mood ol Viaja ilcic aic dillcicni modcs, sucl as ignoiancc,
passion, goodncss, and iiansccndcncc. Accoiding io ilc piaciiiionci's naiuic,
advanccmcni ol lnowlcdgc, and absoipiion in ilc spiiii ol Vailunila,
innumciablc qualilicaiions aic sccn. Accoiding io ilosc qualilicaiions, dillcicni
loims ol laima and jnana aic sccn. Wc do noi wani io incicasc ilc volumc ol ilis
bool by mcniioning cxamplcs, bccausc a ilouglilul pcison can undcisiand ilis
limscll. All dualiiics lilc sin and viiiuc, icligion and iiicligion, piopci and
impiopci aciions, lcavcn and lcll, lnowlcdgc and ignoiancc aic all objccis ol
dispuic loi pcisons wlo lavc pcivciicd aiiaclmcni. Aciually ilcy aic nciilci
pious noi impious. Wc only cxplain ilcm as pious oi impious duc io iclaiivc
considciaiion. Il wc indcpcndcnily considci, ilcn wc can undcisiand ilai ilc
pcivciicdncss ol ilc soul's aiiaclmcni is impiciy and icmaining in ilc
consiiiuiional posiiion ol ilc soul's aiiaclmcni is callcd piciy. Swanlilc pcisons
acccpi ilosc aciiviiics ilai nouiisl piciy io bc pious and ilosc aciiviiics wlicl
nouiisl impiciy io bc impious. Tlcy do noi ialc slclici ol diy spcculaiion oi
agicc wiil biascd aigumcnis.
TEXT +
sampraáaya vívaácsu banya-Iíngaáísu hvacít
na ávísantí na sajjantc prayojana-parayanan
Nouiisling lovc is ilc living cniiiy's goal ol lilc. Knowing ilis, ilc dcvoiccs ol
Kisna do noi lilc oi laic cxicinal loimaliiics and scciaiian conllicis. Tlcy icmain
indillcicni io all loims ol insignilicani bigoiiy.
TEXT 5
tat harma narí-tosam yat sa víáya tan matír yaya
smrtvaítan níyatam haryam saáayantí manisínan
Tlc lcaincd dcvoiccs ol Haii lnow pcilccily wcll ilai aciiviiics ilai aic plcasing io
Loid Kisna aic callcd laima and aciiviiics ilai aiiiaci onc's mind io Kisna aic
callcd lnowlcdgc. Kccping ilis in mind, ilcy cngagc only in ilc aciiviiics and
culiivaiion ol lnowlcdgc ilai nouiislcs ilcii spiiiiual livcs. Tlcy undcisiand ilai
all oilci aciiviiics and lnowlcdgc aic usclcss.
TEXT 6
jivanc maranc vapí buáánís tcsam na munyatí
ánira namra svabnavas ca sarva-bnuta-nítc ratan
Tlcy aic naiuially lumblc, lixcd in lnowlcdgc, and always busy loi ilc wcllaic ol
oilcis. Tlcii iniclligcncc is so lixcd ilai cvcn il ilcy sullci vaiious scvcic pains in
ilcii picscni oi luiuic livcs, ilcy ncvci dcviaic liom spiiiiual lilc.
TEXT 7-8
atma suáánan hcvaIas tu mano jaáyoábnavam ánruvam
ácnam prapancíham sasvaá ctat tcsam nírupítam
jivas cíá-bnagavaá áasan prití-ánarmatmahan saáa
prahrtc vartamano yam bnahtí-yoga-samanvítan
Wlcilci ilcii mind and body naiuially clangc by ilc awalcning ol aiiaclmcni oi
wlcilci ilcy culiivaic lnowlcdgc io icalizc ilc scicncc ol aiiaclmcni, ilc
dcvoiccs ol Kisna wlo aic in ilc mood ol Viaja comc io a naiuial conclusion. Tlc
conclusion is ilai ilc soul is by naiuic puic and dcvoid ol maiciial qualiiics. Wlai
wc call ilc mind las no cxisicncc ol iis own, loi ii is only a pcivcision ol ilc soul's
coniaci wiil maiici loi incicasing ilc lnowlcdgc ol ilc condiiioncd soul. Tlc
soul's oiiginal piopcnsiiics aic displaycd in ilc iclaiivc woild by ilc piopcnsiiics
ol ilc mind. In ilc icalm ol Vailunila, a soul acis accoiding io lis consiiiuiional
piopcnsiiics-ilcic is no cxisicncc ol ilis mind. Wlcn a soul comcs in coniaci
wiil maiici, lis puic lnowlcdgc bccomcs almosi doimani and lc acccpis
pcivciicd lnowlcdgc as ical. Tlis lnowlcdgc is giaspcd by ilc iniciaciion ol ilc
mind wiil maiici. Tlis is callcd maiciial lnowlcdgc. Oui picscni body is maiciial
and iclaicd wiil ilc soul only as long as ilc soul is condiiioncd. Only ilc
Supicmc Loid lnows ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn a puic soul and lis gioss and subilc
bodics; luman bcings aic unablc io lnow ilis. In ilc couisc ol dcvoiional scivicc
a dcvoicc musi acccpi wlaicvci is icquiicd io lccp body and soul iogcilci loi as
long as Loid Kisna dcsiics. Tlc living cniiiy is spiiiiual by naiuic. Hc is an cicinal
scivani ol ilc Loid, so lis only consiiiuiional duiy is io lovc ilc Loid. Ai ilc iimc
ol giving up ilc body, onc aiiains, by ilc will ol ilc Loid, a dcsiinaiion accoiding
io ilc siaic ol onc's lcaii. Tlcicloic a pcison wlo dcsiics auspiciousncss musi
acccpi ilc pioccss ol dcvoiional scivicc. Wlcn ilc Loid's mcicy is bcsiowcd on a
dcvoicc wlo is lollowing ilc pioccss ol dcvoiional scivicc, ilcn ilc dcvoicc's
conncciion wiil ilc maiciial woild is casily dcsiioycd. Tlis is ncvci possiblc by
onc's own cndcavoi-ciilci by giving up ilc body, by icnouncing aciiviiics, oi by
opposing ilc Loid. Tlis supicmc iiuil was obiaincd iliougl samaání. Human lilc
is bascd on laima and jnana, bui wlcn onc ialcs slclici ol bnahtí, ilcn onc's
dcvoiion loi Kisna awalcns.
TEXT 9
jnatvaítat vraja-bnavaánya vaíhuntna-stnan saáatmaní
bnajantí sarvaáa hrsnam sac-cíá-ananáa-vígranam
Pcisons wlo lavc icalizcd ilis iiuil and aic absoibcd in ilc mood ol Viaja
woislip Kisna, wlo is cicinally lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss, iliougl samaání.
TEXT 10
cít-satvc prcma-banuIyaI Iínga-ácnc manomayc
mísra-bnava-gata sa tu pritír utpIavíta sati
Wlcn a living cniiiy's lovc loi Kisna incicascs, ilcn ilc wavcs ol ilai lovc spicad
iliougloui lis subilc mcnial body and cicaic vaiious mixcd cmoiions. Ai ilai
iimc ilcic is an awalcning ol ilinling, icmcmbciing, mcdiiaiing, conccniiaiing,
and considciing low io puiily oncscll-all ol wlicl lclp onc woislip iliougl ilc
mind. Onc slould noi abandon ilc pioccss ol woisliping iliougl ilc mind
bccausc ol mixcd cmoiions, loi ilcsc mixcd cmoiions naiuially icmain uniil ilc
dcsiiuciion ol ilc subilc body. Tlc mcnial aciiviiics ilai accumulaic iliougl
coniaci wiil maiici dcmonsiiaic ilc conccpi ol mundanc idolaiiy, bui ilc
cmoiions ilai manilcsi and giadually spicad iliougloui ilc mind and body in ilc
soul's cndcavoi loi samaání aic all spiiiiually icllccicd iiuils.
TEXT 11
prití-harya-mato buáánc manomayam ítihsítam
punas taá vyapítam ácnc pratyag bnava-samanvítam
Tlus, loi ilc condiiioncd souls, loving cxclangcs ialc ilc loim ol mcnial
aciiviiics. Tlcsc mcnial aciiviiics, wlicl aic icllcciions ol spiiiiual cxclangcs,
swcll and luiilci spicad iliougloui ilc body. Tlcy appcai on ilc iip ol ilc
ionguc and gloiily ilc spiiiiually icllccicd namcs and qualiiics ol ilc Loid. Tlcy
appcai ai ilc cais and lcai ilc namcs and qualiiics ol ilc Loid. Tlcy appcai in ilc
cycs and scc ilc spiiiiually icllccicd sat-cíá-ananáa Dciiy loim ol ilc Loid in ilis
maiciial woild. Tlc suáána-sattvíha-bnavas, bodily iiansloimaiions, swcll in ilc
body and manilcsi in ilc loim ol laiis sianding on cnd, ciying, pcispiiing,
slivciing, dancing, ollciing obcisanccs, lalling io ilc giound, cmbiacing wiil lovc,
and iiavcling io ilc loly placcs. Tlc soul's inlcicni cmoiions could coniinuc io
icmain aciivc wiil ilc soul, bui in ilc maiciial woild ilc mcicy ol ilc Loid is ilc
piinciplc loicc loi awalcning spiiiiual cmoiions and siiuaiing onc in lis
consiiiuiional posiiion. Wiil a dcsiic io convcii maiciial aiiaclmcni inio spiiiiual
aiiaclmcni, all ilc spiiiiual cmoiions aic mixcd wiil maiciial cmoiions loi giving
up parag-gatí and piaciicing pratyag-gatí. Wlcn a soul siis in ilc claiioi ol ilc
mind and clascs ilc scnsc objccis iliougl ilc gaics ol ilc scnscs, ilis is callcd
parag-gatí. Wlcn ilis cuiicni again llows iowaids ilc soul's own abodc, ii is callcd
pratyag-gatí. Tlc pratyag-ánarma ol bcing giccdy io cai palaiablc loods is io cai
mana-prasaáa. Tlc pratyag-ánarma ol ilc cycs is io scc loly placcs and ilc
bcauiilul loim ol ilc Loid. Tlc pratyag-ánarma ol ilc cais is io lcai ilc pasiimcs
ol Haii and dcvoiional songs. Tlc pratyag-ánarma ol ilc nosc las bccn
cxcmplilicd by ilc loui Kumaias wlcn ilcy smcllcd ilc tuIasi and sandalwood
ilai was ollcicd io ilc lcci ol ilc Loid. Tlc pratyag-ánarma ol associaiing wiil ilc
opposiic scx iliougl maiiiagc loi ilc piospciiiy ol a Vaisnava lamily was
cxcmplilicd by Manu, Janala, Jayadcva, and Pipaji. Tlc pratyag-ánarma ol lcsiivals
is sccn in ilc lcsiivals cclcbiaiing ilc pasiimcs ol Loid Haii. Tlcsc luman
claiaciciisiics lillcd wiil cmoiions ol pratyag-ánarma aic sccn in ilc livcs ol puic
swanlilc pcisonaliiics.
TEXT 12
saragrani bnajan hrsnam yosíá bnavasrítc tmaní
viravat hurutc banyc sariram harma nítyasan
Docs ilis mcan ilai swanlilc pcisons cngagc only in spiiiiual aciiviiics and
ncglcci maiciial aciiviiics' No. Swanlilc pcisons woislip Kisna in ilc mood ol
onc wlo is cnjoycd, and ilcy valianily ialc caic ol ilc cxicinal body. Laiing,
cnjoying, cxcicisc, indusiiial cnicipiiscs, walling in ilc opcn aii, slccping, iiding
in vcliclcs, pioicciing ilc body, pioicciing ilc sociciy, and iiavcling aic all sccn in
ilc livcs ol swanlilc pcisons.
TEXT 13
puruscsu manaviro yosítsu purusas tatna
samajcsu manabníjno baIahcsu susíhsahan
Tlc swanlilc Vaisnavas valianily icmain and woil among mcn. Tlcy aic ilc
slclici ol womcn and aic icspccicd by ilcm. Tlcy ialc paii in social aciiviiics and
gci mucl cxpciicncc. Tlcy icacl ilcii clildicn artna-sastra and ilus bccomc
lnown as lcadmasicis.
TEXT 1+
artna-sastra-víáam srcstnan paramartna-prayojahan
santí-samstnapaho yuáánc papínam cítta-soánahan
lools on plysical and mcnial scicncc, bools on indusiiy, bools on ilc scicncc ol
languagc, bools on giammai, and bools on oinamcnial languagc aic all lnown as
artna-sastra. Somc lind ol plysical, mcnial, lamilial, and social bcncliis aic
obiaincd liom ilcsc liiciaiuics. Tlc namc ol ilcsc bcncliis is artna. Tlc advaniagc
ol ilcsc liiciaiuics is ilai by siudying bools on mcdicinc, onc can gci ilc bcnclii
ol a cuic. ly siudying bools on music, onc can gci ilc bcnclii ol lappincss io ilc
mind and cais. ly maiciial scicniilic lnowlcdgc, vaiious wondcilul maclincs aic
cicaicd. ly bools on asiiology, onc can gci ilc bcnclii ol ascciiaining subjccis lilc
piopci and impiopci iimcs. Tlosc wlo siudy sucl artna-sastras aic lnown as
artna-vít sclolais. Tlc smrtí-sastras csiablisl varnasrama-ánarma and aic also
lnown as artna-sastra. Tlc smarta sclolais aic also lnown as artna-vít sclolais,
bccausc ilc main puiposc ol ilcii occupaiional duiics is io pioicci sociciy. Tlc
spiiiiual sclolais, lowcvci, piaciicc spiiiiual lilc wiil ilcsc artnas. Swanlilc
Vaisnavas aic ncvci avcisc io discussing ilcsc sciipiuics. Tlcy absiiaci ilc
supicmc goal ol spiiiiual lilc liom ilcsc artna-sastras and bccomc woislipablc
among artna-vít sclolais. Tlc artna-vít sclolais aic lappy io assisi ilcm in
ascciiaining ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Tlc swanlilc Vaisnavas aic picscni in ilc
baiilclicld as ncgoiiaiois. Tlcy do noi laic oi icjcci vaiious sinlul pcisons.
Swanlilc Vaisnavas aic always cngagcd in puiilying ilc lcaiis ol sinlul pcisons by
conlidcniial insiiuciions, public lcciuics, liicndly advicc, clasiising, sciiing
cxamplc, and somciimcs punisling sinncis.
TEXT 15
banuIyat prcma-sampattcn sa haáacíj jana-príyan
antarangam bnajaty cva ranasyam ranasí stnítan
Alilougl ilc claiaciciisiics ol swanlilc Vaisnavas aic wondcilul, somciimcs ilcy
do noi manilcsi ilc abovc-mcniioncd aciiviiics duc io bcing ovciwlclmcd wiil
incicascd lcclings ol lovc. Tlc swanlilc Vaisnavas, wlo aic vciy dcai io all,
somciimcs livc in sccludcd placcs and cngagc in ilc mosi conlidcniial inicinal
woislip ol ilc Loid.
TEXT 16
haáanam sri vrajaranyc yamuna-tatam-asrítan
bnajamí sac-cíá-ananáam saragraní-jananvítan
Wlilc dcsciibing ilc gloiics ol Viaja, ilc auiloi's inicnsc giccd loi lovc ol God
las awalcncd and lc ilcicloic says, Wlcn will I bc so loiiunaic ilai I will
woislip ilc sat-cíá-ananáa Supicmc Loid in ilc associaiion ol swanlilc Vaisnavas
in ilc loicsi ol Vindavana on ilc banls ol ilc Yamuna'`
TEXT 17
saragraní vaísnavanam paáasrayan saáas tu mc
yat hrpa-Icsa-matrcna saragrani bnavcn naran
Lci my cicinal occupaiion bc io ialc slclici ol ilc loius lcci ol ilc swanlilc
Vaisnavas. Tlcy aic capiains ol ilc boai io cioss ilc maiciial occan, and only by
ilcii mcicy do laimis and jnanis bccomc swanlilc Vaisnavas.
TEXT 18
vaísnavan homaIa-sraáána maányamas cottamas tatna
grantnam ctat samasaáya moáantam hrsna-prítayc
Tlcic aic ilicc iypcs ol Vaisnavas-hanístna-aáníharis, wlosc laiil is vciy soli,
maányama-aáníharis, and uttama-aáníharis. Tlosc wlo considci harma-hanáa and
iis icsulis as pcimancni and aic avcisc io ilc Absoluic Tiuil aic callcd mundanc
liuiiivc woilcis. Tlosc wlo wani io csiablisl ilc libciaiion ol mciging in ilc
impcisonal lialman aic cxiicmcly diy and dcvoid ol rasa. Tlcy aic buini by
lnowlcdgc duc io noi undcisianding cicinal vaiigaicdncss. Tlc Vaisnavas aic
ilosc wlo lavc acccpicd ilc cicinal spiiiiual vaiicgaicdncss ol ilc living cniiiics'
supicmc dcsiinaiion. Tlcy aic convinccd ilai ilc living cniiiics' cicinal posiiion is
io woislip ilc Loid, wlo is mcicilul, lull ol swccincss and opulcncc, ilc abodc ol
lappincss, and always dillcicni liom ilc living cniiiics. Tlc liuiiivc woilcis and
mcnial spcculaiois can bccomc Vaisnavas and livc as puic luman bcings by ilc
inllucncc ol good associaiion and good loiiunaic. Tlc coniaminaiion ilai is lound
in ilc livcs ol hanístna-aáníhari and maányama-aáníhari Vaisnavas is lound in
abundancc among liuiiivc woilcis and mcnial spcculaiois. Lvcn il ilc liuiiivc
woilcis and mcnial spcculaiois bccomc Vaisnavas, ilc icmnanis ol ilcii maiciial
conccpiions and aigumcnis icmain as bad labiis. Tlosc bad labiis aic ilc
coniaminaiions ilai aic lound in ilc livcs ol hanístna-aáníharis and maányama-
aáníharis. Anyway, ilcsc coniaminaiions aic cciiainly ilc icsuli ol ncscicncc and
picjudicc. Among ilc ilicc iypcs ol Vaisnavas, ilc uttama-aáníhari Vaisnavas lavc
no picjudiccs oi maiciial conccpiions. Tlcy may lavc a lacl ol lnowlcdgc in
vaiious maiciial subjcci maiicis, bui ilc swanlilc Vaisnavas vigoiously dcsiioy all
soiis ol picjudiccs. Tlc maányama-aáníhari Vaisnavas do noi wisl io bc asslilc
Vaisnavas, bui ilc swanlilc icndcncy is noi lully picscni in ilcm. Tlcy lavc somc
doubis in ilcii lcaiis duc io picvious picjudicc. Alilougl sucl pcisons acccpi
spiiiiual vaiicgaicdncss and naiuial samaání, ilcy cannoi piopcily icalizc ilc
scicncc ol Vailunila bccausc ol ilcii aigumcniaiivc naiuic. Alilougl ilc
hanístna-aáníharis aic lnown as Vaisnavas, ilcy aic ioially undci ilc coniiol ol
picjudicc. Tlcy associaic wiil liuiiivc woil undci ilc juiisdiciion ol icgulaiivc
piinciplcs. Alilougl ilcy aic noi piopci candidaics loi siudying ilis bool, il ilcy
discuss ii wiil ilc assisiancc ol uttama-aáníharis, ilcy will also bccomc uttama-
aáníharis. Tlcicloic all ilicc iypcs ol Vaisnavas slould siudy ilis bool in oidci io
incicasc ilcii lovc loi Kisna and aclicvc iiansccndcnial lappincss.
TEXT 19
paramartna-vícaraí smín banya-áosa-vícaratan
na haáacíá ánata-sraáánan saragrani janor bnavct
Wc lavc discusscd ilc Absoluic Tiuil in ilis bool, so plcasc cxcusc any giammai
oi languagc dclccis. Swanlilc pcisons slould noi wasic any iimc in ilis way.
Tlosc wlo ciiiicizc sucl cxicinal dclccis wlilc siudying ilis bool will obsiiuci iis
main puiposc-acccpiing ilc csscncc ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil-and aic noi cligiblc
io siudy ilis bool. Aigumcnis boin ol clildisl cducaiion aic dcspicablc in sciious
subjcci maiicis.
TEXT 20
astaáasa-satc sahc bnaárahc áatta-vamsajan
hcáaro racayac-cnastram íáam saánu-jana-príyam
Tlis bool, wlicl is dcai io ilc dcvoiccs, was compilcd by Kcdaianaila, wlo
bclongs io ilc llaiadvaja hayastna communiiy ol ilc Daiia lamily and wlo is a
icsidcni ol Haiia Klola, Calcuiia. Tlis bool was wiiiicn in ilc ycai 1S79 wlilc
siaying in ilc iown ol lladiala, Oiissa, loi ollicial puiposcs.
1nus cnás tnc 1cntn Cnaptcr oj Siï Kisna-samliia, cntítIcá
ºCnaractcrístícs oj Lorá Krsnas Assocíatcs.¨
May Loid Kisna bc plcascd.
Haii Haii bol!
ConcIusion
Tlc main puipoii and ncccssiiy loi wiiiing ilis Sri Krsna-samníta lavc alicady
bccn dcsciibcd in ilc Iniioduciion. Wc lavc covcicd all iclcvani iopics in ilc
vciscs ol ilis samníta, bui wc lavc noi uscd ilc mcilod ilai modcin sclolais usc
in considciing ilosc iopics. Tlcicloic I lcai ilai many pcoplc will icjcci Sri Krsna-
samníta as an old-laslioncd bool. I am in a dilcmma. Il I would lavc uscd ilc
modcin pioccss wlcn I composcd ilc vciscs, ilcn ilc ancicni sclolais would lavc
cciiainly disicgaidcd ilc bool. Ioi ilis icason, I lavc composcd ilc main bool
accoiding io ilc ancicni mcilod, and I lavc wiiiicn ilc Iniioduciion and
Conclusion accoiding io ilc modcin. In ilis way I lavc iiicd io saiisly boil
classcs ol pcoplc. Tlcicloic I lavc bccn compcllcd io acccpi ilc lauli ol icpciiiion.
In ilis Conclusion I will biiclly considci all iopics.
Tlc swanlilc Vaisnava-dlaima is ilc soul's cicinal consiiiuiional duiy. Ii is noi
cicaicd by any pcison oi scci. In ilc couisc ol iimc wc aic giadually icalizing ilc
puiiiy ol ilcsc duiics. Wlcic is ilc doubi' Tlc piogicssion ol claiiiy dcpcnds on
ilc pcison, noi ilc subjcci. Tlc sun is always cqual io cvciyonc, bui duc io ilc
pciccpiion ol ilc obscivci ii appcais loiici ai midday. Similaily, puic
consiiiuiional duiics aic piogicssivcly undcisiood as supciioi by piogicssivcly
advanccd pcoplc, ilougl in iiuil consiiiuiional duiics icmain ilc samc ai all
iimcs. Now I will bcgin io discuss ilc scicncc ol ilcsc consiiiuiional duiics.
Tlc inauguiaioi ol ilc swanlilc Vaisnava laiil, Siï Caiianya Malapiablu, las
said, Sincc pcoplc aic all condiiioncd, wc aic compcllcd io considci ilcii cicinal
duiics in ilicc dillcicni caicgoiics-sambanána, ilc soul's iclaiionslip wiil ilc
Loid; abníáncya, ilc icgulaicd aciiviiics loi icviving ilai iclaiionslip; and
prayojana, ilc uliimaic goal ol lilc.` Accoiding io ilc Loid's insiiuciions, wc will
now scpaiaicly discuss ilcsc ilicc subjccis.
Iiisi wc will discuss sambanána. Onc wlo is ilouglilul slould liisi cxaminc
oncscll. Iiom ilc cxisicncc ol onc's own scll, ilc cxisicncc ol oilci objccis is
ascciiaincd. A ilouglilul pcison may say, Il I do noi cxisi, ilcn noiling clsc
cxisis; bccausc wiiloui mc, low is ii possiblc io icalizc oilci ilings'` ly ilc
icndcncy io bclicvc in onc's scll, a ilouglilul pcison csiablislcs lis own cxisicncc
and ilcn obscivcs ilc insignilicancc and dcpcndcncc ol ilc soul. As soon as onc
sccs onc's own scll, onc immcdiaicly obscivcs ilc suppoii ol ilc Supcisoul.
Iccling ilc cxisicncc ol ilc atma and Paiamaima slould bc ilc liisi sicp in bclicl
ol onc's scll. Wlcn a ilouglilul pcison lools ai ilc maiciial woild, lc can casily
scc ilicc ilings-ilc atma, ilc Paiamaima, and ilc maiciial woild. Tlosc wlo
cannoi icalizc ilc soul considci ilcmsclvcs dull maiici. In ilcii csiimaiion, maiici
is cicinal. Tlcy also comc io ilc conclusion ilai all maiciial clcmcnis pioducc
consciousncss iliougl ilc pioccss ol cvoluiion, and wlcn ilcy aic scpaiaicd liom
ilcii naiuial siaius ilcn consciousncss icvciis io unconscious maiici. Tlouglilul
pcisons concludc lilc ilis bccausc ilcy aic moic undci ilc coniiol ol maiciial
piopcnsiiics ilan spiiiiual piopcnsiiics, and as sucl ilcy aic moic inclincd
iowaids maiici ilan lnowlcdgc. Tlai is wly ilcii lopc, laiil, cnilusiasm,
considciaiion, and lovc aic all maiciial. Ii is unloiiunaic ilai ilc dcalings ol
pcisons wlo aic in samaání causc pain io ilc lcaiis ol sucl pcoplc. Tlcic is no
possibiliiy ol icconciliaiion bciwccn ilcii opinion and ouis, bccausc wc aic noi
icady io acccpi ilc mcilod ilcy lollow io ascciiain ilc Absoluic Tiuil. Tlcy aic
undci ilc giip ol aigumcni, and aigumcnis aic ncvci ablc io csiablisl ilc
cxisicncc ol ilc scll. Wlai is ilc usc ol puiiing a iclcscopc io ilc cais' Can onc scc
piciuics iliougl a micioplonc' How, ilcn, can onc scc Vailunila iliougl ilc
insiiumcni ol aigumcni' All subjccis ol ilis maiciial woild aic undci ilc
juiisdiciion ol aigumcni, bui ilc soul cannoi bc sccn by any mcilod oilci ilan
scll-icalizaiion. Il aigumcni acccpis ilc piopci pail, ilcn onc can quiclly
undcisiand iis incompcicncc in maiicis iclaicd wiil ilc soul. Tlc soul is puic
lnowlcdgc, and ilcicloic ii is scll-illuminaiing and ilc illuminaioi ol maiici. lui
ilc piopcnsiiy loi aigumcni boin ol maiici can ncvci illuminaic ilc soul.
Tlcicloic, noi bcing obligcd io acccpi ilc maiciialisiic conclusions ol ilosc wlo
aiguc, wc will considci and pciccivc ilc soul and Supcisoul iliougl ilc pioccss ol
scll-icalizaiion and wiil ilc icmpoiaiy insiiumcni ol aigumcni, wlicl is siiuaicd
bciwccn maiici and spiiii, wc will cnumciaic ilc iiuils ol ilis maiciial woild.
Wc nccd io scpaiaicly discuss ilc atma, Paiamaima, and maiciial woild. Siï
Ramanujacaiya las claboiaicly cxplaincd ilcsc ilicc subjccis as spiiiiual, maiciial,
and ilc Loid. In ilc discussion on sambanána, wc slould considci and ascciiain
ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn ilcsc ilicc. Ãcaiya Kapila, ilc piopoundci ol Sanllya
plilosoply, las cnumciaicd iwcniy-loui clcmcnis wiilin ilc maiciial woild. Il wc
wani io discuss ilc maiciial woild, wc lavc io ialc Kapila's iwcniy-loui clcmcnis
inio accouni. Modcin sclolais wlo aic cxpcii in maiciial scicnccs aic
painsialingly discovciing ilc oiiginal clcmcnis' namcs, qualiiics, and
claiaciciisiics iliougl ncwly invcnicd maclincs. In ilis way ilcy incicasc
pcoplcs' maiciial lnowlcdgc. Tlcii discovciics aic cspccially icspccicd bccausc
ilcy aic lclplul in ilc piogicss ol spiiiiual lilc. Yci cvcn ilougl wc icspcci ilcii
discovciics, ilai docs noi mcan wc lavc io disicspcci Kapila's Sanllya
plilosoply. Tlcic may bc sixiy, sixiy-livc, oi scvcniy oiiginal clcmcnis, bui ilis
docs noi disiuib ilc Sanllya sysicm ol couniing ilc gioss clcmcnis lilc caiil,
waici, and liic. Tlcicloic Kapila's discussions aboui ilc maiciial woild-
consisiing ol ilc maiciial clcmcnis, ilcii qualiiics, ilc scnscs, ilc mind, ilc
iniclligcncc, and ilc lalsc cgo-aic noi usclcss. Railci, ilc divisions ol Sanllya
appcai moic scicniilic. In ilc Pnagavaá-gita (7.+), wlicl is a compilaiion ol
Vcdania, ilc lollowing clcmcnis aic cnumciaicd:
bnumír apo naIo vayun hnam mano buáánír cva ca
ananhara ítiyam mc bnínna prahrtír astaána
Laiil, waici, liic, aii, cilci, mind, iniclligcncc, and lalsc cgo-all iogcilci ilcsc
cigli consiiiuic My scpaiaicd maiciial cncigics.` In ilis conicxi, ilc qualiiics ol
ilc clcmcnis aic includcd in ilc clcmcnis, and all ilc scnscs aic mcigcd inio ilc
subilc maiciial clcmcnis, consisiing ol ilc mind, iniclligcncc, and lalsc cgo.
Tlcicloic as lai as couniing ilc maiciial clcmcnis is conccincd, Sanllya and
Vcdania aic ilc samc.
Ai ilis poini ii slould bc considcicd wlcilci ilc mind, iniclligcncc, and lalsc cgo
aic maiciial clcmcnis oi claiaciciisiics ol ilc soul. In ilis icgaid, a lcw sclolais
liom Luiopc lavc concludcd ilai ilc mind, iniclligcncc, and lalsc cgo aic
composcd ol maiciial clcmcnis and ilc soul is bcyond ilcm. Modcin sclolais
olicn acccpi ilc mind and soul io bc onc. I lavc discusscd wiil many Lnglisl
sclolais and lound ilai ilcy considci ilc soul io bc dillcicni liom ilc mind, bui
duc io languagc sloiicomings, ilcy olicn usc ilc woid mind` wlcn iclciiing ilc
soul. In ilc Pnagavaá-gita (7.5) ii is siaicd:
aparcyam ítas tv anyam prahrtím víáání mc param
jiva-bnutam mana-bano yaycáam ánaryatc jagat
lcsidcs ilcsc, O migliy-aimcd Aijuna, ilcic is anoilci, supciioi cncigy ol Minc,
wlicl compiiscs ilc living cniiiics wlo aic cxploiiing ilc icsouiccs ol ilis
maiciial, inlciioi naiuic.` ly siudying ilis vcisc ii is clcaily undcisiood ilai ilc
living cniiiics aic dillcicni liom ilc picviously mcniioncd maiciial clcmcnis-
mind, iniclligcncc, and lalsc cgo. Tlis is cciiainly a swanlilc conclusion.
In ilis visiblc woild ol vaiiciics, iwo subjccis aic lound-spiiii and maiici, oi ilc
living cniiiy and ilc maiciial clcmcnis. Tlc Vaisnavas acccpi ilcsc iwo subjccis as
ilc cllccis ol ilc inconccivablc poicncy ol ilc Supicmc Loid. Now lci us
siandaidizc ilc dcliniiions ol ilc maiciial clcmcnis and ilc living cniiiics. Tlc
living cniiiics aic conscious and can aci indcpcndcnily. Maiici is dull and undci
ilc coniiol ol consciousncss. Il wc considci ilc cxisicncc ol a luman bcing in lis
picscni condiiioncd siaic, ilcn wc will undoubicdly considci lis consciousncss
and ilc maiciial clcmcnis, bccausc by ilc Loid's swcci will ilc condiiioncd souls
aic sccn io bc iiding on a maclinc ol ilc maiciial clcmcnis.
Tlc maiciial body madc ol scvcn consiiiucni lluids70, ilc scnscs, as wcll as ilc mind,
iniclligcncc, and lalsc cgo (wlicl aic ilc souiccs ol maiciial lnowlcdgc), ilc placc, ilc iimc lacioi,
and consciousncss aic all sccn in ilc cxisicncc ol a luman bcing. Tlc body is complcicly maiciial,
bccausc ii is madc ol maiciial clcmcnis and ilcii claiaciciisiics. Tlc maiciial clcmcnis aic noi ablc
io icalizc spiiii, bui wc can pciccivc somc cvidcncc ol spiiiiual cxisicncc in wondcilul insiiumcnis
lilc ilc cycs, cais, and ncivous sysicm in ilc body ol a luman bcing. Tlc insiiumcnis by wlicl
maiciial lnowlcdgc cnicis ilc maiciial body aic callcd scnscs. Alici cniciing ilc maiciial body,
maiciial lnowlcdgc mixcs wiil an inicinal insiiumcni ilai inicipicis ilc maiciial clcmcnis. Tlis
insiiumcni is callcd ilc mind. Tlc mind icalizcs maiciial lnowlcdgc iliougl ilc mcdium ol ilc
lcaii and accumulaics lnowlcdgc iliougl ilc mcdium ol icmcmbiancc. Tlc slapc ol maiciial
lnowlcdgc clangcs iliougl ilc mcdium ol imaginaiion. Maiciial objccis aic considcicd wiil ilc
suppoii ol iwo mcdiums-dcvclopcd and undcvclopcd iniclligcncc. Apaii liom ilis, in ilc
cxisicncc ol a luman bcing an indicaiion ol spiiii (cíáabnasa) is lound in ilc loim ol cgo, wlicl
pcivadcs ilc iniclligcncc, mind, and body. Iiom ilcsc sympioms a siiong lccling ol I` and minc`
las bccomc acccpicd as paii ol ilc luman bcings' cxisicncc. Tlis is lnown as lalsc cgo. Ii is io bc
undcisiood ilai lnowlcdgc ol subjccis up io lalsc cgo is callcd maiciial lnowlcdgc. Yci lalsc cgo,
iniclligcncc, mind, and ilc piowcss ol ilc scnscs aic noi ioially maiciial. In oilci woids, ilcy do
noi consisi cniiicly ol maiciial clcmcnis, bui ilcii cxisicncc is iooicd in maiciial clcmcnis. In oilci
woids, unlcss ilcy aic iclaicd wiil ilc maiciial clcmcnis ilcii cxisicncc is incomplcic. Tlcy aic
undci ilc slclici ol spiiii io somc cxicni, bccausc ilc aci ol icvclaiion is ilcii vciy lilc and maiciial
lnowlcdgc is ilc icsuli. Iiom wlcic docs ilis consciousncss oiiginaic' Tlc soul is puic and ilc
basis ol consciousncss. Ii is noi casy loi a soul io comc undci ilc suboidinaiion ol maiici. ly ilc
will ol ilc Supicmc Loid-cciiainly loi somc icason-a puic spiiii soul las coniacicd maiici.
Alilougl in oui condiiioncd siaic ii is vciy dilliculi io invcsiigaic ilc causc, il wc considci ilc lacl
ol lappincss in oui condiiioncd siaic, wc can cciiainly icalizc ilai oui picscni condiiion is a
dcgiadaiion liom oui oiiginal consciousncss. Alilougl modcin sclolais ilinl, Tlc living cniiiics
lavc bccn cicaicd in ilis condiiion and by liuiiivc aciiviiics ilcy giadually advancc,` accoiding io
ilc pioccss ol scll-icalizaiion ilis cannoi bc acccpicd as a laci. Tlcic is no luiilci aigumcni in ilis
conncciion, bccausc aigumcni is a pioduci ol maiciial clcmcnis and las no cniiancc in ilc scicncc
ol scll-icalizaiion oi ilc pasiimcs ol ilc Supicmc Loid. Ii is oui duiy io csiablisl ilai an indicaiion
ol spiiii, in ilc loim ol lalsc cgo, iniclligcncc, mind, and scnscs, las bccn manilcsicd duc io ilc
puic soul's coniaci wiil maiici. Tlis indicaiion ol spiiii will no longci cxisi wlcn ilc soul is
libciaicd. Tlcicloic ilicc iicms aic lound in ilc cxisicncc ol a luman bcing-ilc soul, ilc
insiiumcni ilai indicaics ilc picscncc ol ilc soul and connccis ii wiil maiici, and ilc maiciial
body. Accoiding io Vcdania, ilc soul is callcd jiva, oi living cniiiy, ilc insiiumcni ilai indicaics ilc
picscncc ol ilc soul is callcd ilc subilc body, and ilc maiciial body is callcd ilc gioss body. Alici
dcail ilc gioss body is lcli bclind, bui ilc subilc body coniinucs io cxisi by ialing slclici ol
liuiiivc aciiviiics and ilcii icsulis uniil onc is libciaicd. Tlc insiiumcni loi indicaiing ilc picscncc
ol spiiii icmains as long as ilc soul is condiiioncd, bui ii las no aciual conncciion wiil ilc puic
spiiii soul. Tlc puic spiiii soul is lull ol spiiiiual bliss. Tlc puic spiiii soul is alool liom maiciial
cxisicncc, bcginning liom lalsc cgo down io ilc gioss body. Il onc wanis io icalizc ilc cxisicncc ol
ilc puic spiiii soul, onc musi givc up maiciial ilouglis; bui in ilc picscncc ol lalsc cgo, all
ilouglis aic maiciial. Tlouglis cannoi lcavc ilc associaiion ol maiici, bccausc ilcy aic boin liom
an indicaiion ol spiiii. Tlcicloic only onc wlo clccls ilc aciiviiics ol ilc mind and culiivaics scll-
icalizaiion iliougl samaání can icalizc ilc soul wiiloui doubi. lui ilosc wlo lavc suiicndcicd
ilcii indcpcndcncc io ilc lalsc cgo aic noi biavc cnougl io cioss ilc boidci ol aigumcni and aic
ilcicloic ioially unablc io icalizc ilc cxisicncc ol ilc soul. Tlosc wlo aiguc on ilc basis ol
Vaiscsila plilosoply can ncvci icalizc ilc cxisicncc ol ilc puic soul. Tlai is wly ilcy acccpi ilc
mind as cicinal.
In ilc Scvcnil Canio ol ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam (7.19.20) ilc iwclvc sympioms ol
a puic spiiii soul aic dcsciibcd by Piallada Malaiaja as lollows:
atma nítyo vyayan suáána chan hsctra-jna asrayan
avíhríyan sva-árg nctur vyapaho sangy anavrtan
ctaír ávaáasabnír víávan atmano Iahsanaín paraín
anam mamcty asaá-bnavam ácnaáau monajam tyajct
Tlc soul is nítya, oi cicinal, loi ii is noi icmpoiaiy lilc ilc gioss and subilc
bodics. Avyaya mcans ilc soul is noi dcsiioycd wlcn ilc gioss and subilc bodics
aic dcsiioycd. Suáána iclcis io ilai wlicl is licc liom maiciial coniaminaiion. Lha
mcans ilai ilc soul is dcvoid ol dualiiics sucl as qualiiics and ilc posscssoi ol
qualiiics, icligious piinciplcs and ilc lollowci ol icligious piinciplcs, oi limbs and
ilc posscssoi ol limbs. Ksctra-jna mcans ilc scci. Asraya mcans ilc soul is noi
undci ilc slclici ol gioss and subilc objccis, iailci gioss and subilc objccis aic
undci ilc slclici ol ilc soul. Avíhríya mcans ilc soul is unallccicd by ilc
iiansloimaiions ol ilc maiciial body. Tlc six bodily iiansloimaiions aic biiil,
giowil, mainicnancc, by-pioducis, dwindling, and dcail. Sva-árh iclcis io onc
wlo pciccivcs limscll, ilougl noi as an objcci ol maiciial vision. Hctu mcans ilai
cvcn ilougl ilc soul is noi maiciial, ii is ilc iooi causc ol ilc cxisicncc, naiuic,
and aciiviiics ol ilc maiciial body. Vyapaha mcans ilc soul is noi localizcd; ii docs
noi bclong io a paiiiculai maiciial placc. Asangi mcans ilai alilougl ilc soul is
siiuaicd wiilin ilc maiciial woild, ii docs noi associaic wiil maiciial qualiiics.
Anavrta mcans ilc soul is noi covcicd by maiici. Lcaincd pcoplc slould
disiinguisl ilc soul by ilcsc iwclvc spiiiiual sympioms and givc up illusion in ilc
loim ol I` and minc.`
Tlcic is mucl aigumcni ovci wlcilci a puic living cniiiy las any cxisicncc in
iimc and spacc. lui aigumcni is usclcss in considciing ilc Absoluic Tiuil and is
ilcicloic condcmncd. Aigumcnis can only icvcal indicaiions ol spiiii; ilcy can
ncvci lully icvcal spiiiiual subjccis. Tlc spiiii soul is iiansccndcnial, oi bcyond
cvciyiling maiciial. Tlc woid maiciial` in ilis casc docs noi iclci only io ilc
maiciial clcmcnis, bui ii iclcis io ilc claiaciciisiics ol ilc clcmcnis, ilc indicaiion
ol spiiii, and ilc aciiviiics ol ilc scnscs, mind, iniclligcncc, and lalsc cgo. Sincc ilc
indicaiion ol spiiii is undci ilc juiisdiciion ol maiici, many maiciial siiuaiions aic
misialcn loi spiiiiual aciiviiics. Alilougl iimc and spacc aic lound among ilc
maiciial clcmcnis, ilcy ncvciilclcss lavc ilcii puic spiiiiual cxisicncc. Il onc
caiclully siudics ilc liisi and sccond clapicis ol Sri Krsna-samníta, onc will
undcisiand ilai alilougl spiiiiual and maiciial scicnccs appcai coniiadicioiy,
ilcy aic noi. All spiiiiual cxisicncc is puic and laulilcss. lui wlcn ilis spiiiiual
cxisicncc manilcsis in ilc maiciial woild, ii bccomcs lull ol incbiiciics. Tlcicloic
puic iimc and spacc will bc sccn in ilc puic siaic ol ilc living cniiiy, and
coniaminaicd iimc and spacc will bc sccn in ilc coniaminaicd maiciial woild. Tlis
is ilc only scicniilic considciaiion ol iimc and spacc. In lis puic siaic, a living
cniiiy is a puic spiiiiual bcing, bui in ilc condiiioncd siaic ilcic aic ilicc iypcs ol
cxisicncc-puic cxisicncc, oi spiiiiual cxisicncc; an indicaiion ol spiiiiual
cxisicncc, oi subilc cxisicncc; and maiciial cxisicncc, oi gioss cxisicncc. Tlc
naiuial law is ilai gioss clcmcnis covci subilc clcmcnis. lccausc ilc indicaiion ol
spiiiiual cxisicncc is moic gioss, ii las covcicd ilc soul's puic spiiiiual cxisicncc.
And bccausc maiciial cxisicncc is ilc mosi gioss, ii las covcicd boil ilc puic
spiiiiual cxisicncc and ilc indicaiion ol spiiiiual cxisicncc. Siill, all ilicc ol ilcsc
cxisicnccs do manilcsi, bccausc cvcn wlcn ilcy aic covcicd, ilcy aic noi losi. Tlc
soul's puic spiiiiual cxisicncc is piopcily siiuaicd in puic iimc and spacc.
Tlcicloic ii slould bc undcisiood ilai an individual soul is piopcily siiuaicd in
puic iimc and spacc. Sincc ilc soul las a piopci abodc, wc can acccpi ilai lc las a
lixcd placc. Sincc ilc soul las a lixcd placc, wc can also acccpi ilai ilc soul las a
puic body and loim. Wc ilcn lavc io acccpi ilai ilis loim las spiiiiual qualiiics
sucl as bcauiy, will-powci, lcclings, and aciions. Tlis loim cannoi bc sccn
iliougl ilc indicaiion ol spiiii, bccausc ii is bcyond maiici. As all ilc limbs ol a
gioss body aci in laimony and ilus cxlibii ilc bcauiy ol ilai loim, all ilc
icquiicd insiiumcnis aic similaily picscni in ilc spiiiiual body, wlicl is ilc idcal
modcl ol ilc gioss body. Tlc dillcicncc bciwccn gioss and spiiiiual bodics is ilai
ilc spiiii soul is ilc piopiicioi ol ilc gioss body. Tlcicloic ilc body and iis
ownci aic dillcicni. lui in ilc spiiiiual body ilcic is no dillcicncc bciwccn ilc
body and iis ownci. Lvciy objcci las iwo mcans ol idcniilicaiion-by loim and by
aciiviiy. Consciousncss, oi lnowlcdgc, is ilc idcniilicaiion ol a libciaicd soul. Tlc
living cniiiy is ilc pcisonilicaiion ol lnowlcdgc-ilai is, lis body is composcd ol
puic lnowlcdgc. llisslulncss is ilc idcniilicaiion ol lis aciiviiics. Tlcicloic ilc
cxisicncc ol ilc libciaicd soul is complcic spiiiiual lappincss. Tlc cgo, lcaii,
mind, and scnscs aic nondillcicni liom consciousncss in ilc living cniiiy's puic
siaic. lui in ilc condiiioncd siaic a living cniiiy is sccn as an indicaiion ol spiiii,
and maiciial lappincss and disiicss, wlicl aic icllcciions ol spiiiiual bliss, aic ilc
idcniilicaiion ol lis aciiviiics.
Tlc omniscicni Supcisoul is cicinal, lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss. Anoilci namc ol
ilc omniscicni Supcisoul is llagavan. Tlc maiciial woild and ilc living cniiiics
aic pioducis ol His supciioi cncigy. Wlcn wc spcal ol a living cniiiy, wc iclci io
an aiomic spiiiiual spail. Similaily, wlcn wc spcal aboui ilc Loid, wc iclci io a
cxiiaoidinaiy spiiiiual pcisonaliiy. Tlis pcisonaliiy is sccn by puic living cniiiics
as lull ol all good qualiiics, mosi bcauiilul, and cnclaniing. Lndowcd wiil
indcsciibably swcci qualiiics, bcauiilul Siï Kisnacandia manilcsis cicinal bliss and
incicascs ilc bcauiy ol Vailunila. Puic living cniiiics aic cicinally absoibcd in His
bcauiy, and condiiioncd living cniiiics aic scaicling loi His bcauiy in ilc pasiimcs
ol Viaja. Ii las bccn cxplaincd in Siïla Rupa Gosvamï's Pnahtí-rasamrta-sínánu ilai
ilc living cniiiics posscss liliy qualiiics in minuic quaniiiy. In Loid Naiayana ilcsc
liliy qualiiics aic picscni in lull, along wiil icn oilci qualiiics. His loim, cndowcd
wiil spiiiiual lappincss, Siï Kisnacandia, posscsscs sixiy-loui qualiiics. Tlcicloic
dcvoiccs acccpi Loid Kisna as ilc iopmosi cmbodimcni ol ilc manilcsiaiion ol ilc
Supicmc Loid's cncigics.
Considciaiion on sambanána mcans io ascciiain ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn ilcsc
ilicc subjccis. Tlis las alicady bccn dcsciibcd in ilc lollowing vciscs liom ilc
Pnagavaá-gita (7.+-7):
bnumír apo naIo vayun hnam mano buáánír cva ca
ananhara ítiyam mc bnínna prahrtír astaána
Laiil, waici, liic, aii, cilci, mind, iniclligcncc, and lalsc cgo-all iogcilci ilcsc
cigli consiiiuic My scpaiaicd maiciial cncigics.
aparcyam ítas tv anyam prahrtím víáání mc param
jiva-bnutam mana-bano yaycáam ánaryatc jagat
lcsidcs ilcsc, O migliy-aimcd Aijuna, ilcic is anoilci, supciioi cncigy ol Minc,
wlicl compiiscs ilc living cniiiics wlo aic cxploiiing ilc icsouiccs ol ilis
maiciial, inlciioi naiuic.
ctaá-yoniní bnutaní sarvanity upaánaraya
anam hrtsnasya jagatan prabnavan praIayas tatna
All cicaicd bcings lavc ilcii souicc in ilcsc iwo naiuics. Ol all ilai is maiciial
and all ilai is spiiiiual in ilis woild, lnow loi cciiain ilai I am boil ilc oiigin
and ilc dissoluiion.
mattan parataram nanyat híncíá astí ánananjaya
mayí sarvam íáam protam sutrc maní-gana íva
O conqucioi ol wcalil, ilcic is no iiuil supciioi io Mc. Lvciyiling icsis upon
Mc, as pcails aic siiung on a ilicad.` Tlc piinciplc iiuil is onc-ilc Loid. Tlc
living cniiiics and ilc maiciial woild lavc bccn manilcsicd liom ilc aspccis and
poicncics ol ilc supciioi cncigy, ilcicloic ilc cniiic univcisc is ilc cllcci ol His
cncigy71. ly ilis conclusion ilc long-sianding plilosoplics ol vívarta, ilc Mayavada ilcoiy ol
illusion, and branma-parínama, ilc ilcoiy ol iiansloimaiion ol ilc Supicmc, aic dclcaicd. Wc
cannoi acccpi vívarta oi parínama ol ilc Supicmc Loid, iailci wc undcisiand ilai cvciyiling is
possiblc by ilc aciiviiics and cllccis ol ilc supciioi cncigy. Sincc ilc living cniiiics and ilc maiciial
woild aic manilcsicd liom ilc cncigy ol ilc Supicmc Loid, ilcy aic considcicd scpaiaicd liom ilc
Loid, bui ilcy lavc no indcpcndcni powci. Tlcy cannoi do anyiling wiiloui ilc mcicy ol ilc
Loid. Tlis is clcaily dcsciibcd in ilc liisi and sccond clapicis ol ilis bool. Wc can biiclly say ilai
ilc Loid is ilcii only slclici and ilcy aic ioially dcpcndcni on Him. Tlc Loid is ilc solc causc ol
ilcii cxisicncc, so ilcy aic lully undci His slclici. Tlc spccial lcaiuic ol ilc living cniiiics is ilai
ilcy aic conscious by naiuic, ilcicloic ilc supicmc conscious Loid is ilcii only slclici. Tlc
maiciial woild is loicign io ilc living cniiiics and ilcicloic unlii as ilcii slclici. Tlc consiiiuiional
duiics ol ilc living cniiiics aic picscnily iiansloimcd inio maiciial aciiviiics, and ilcii loving
scniimcnis loi ilc Loid lavc bccomc pcivciicd inio maiciial aiiaclmcni. Tlcicloic, io minimizc
ilis pcivciicd aiiaclmcni and incicasc onc's ical aiiaclmcni is callcd srcyan, oi uliimaic bcnclii, loi
ilcic is no pcimancni iclaiionslip bciwccn ilc living cniiiics and ilc maiciial woild. Wlaicvci
liiilc iclaiionslip docs cxisi is mcicly iiansicni. Uniil onc is libciaicd by ilc mcicy ol ilc Loid,
lowcvci, onc musi acccpi ilis maiciial conncciion as unavoidablc loi mainiaining onc's lilc. Onc
cannoi aclicvc libciaiion jusi by scaicling, bui ii can bc casily aclicvcd by ilc mcicy ol ilc Loid.
Tlcicloic onc slould abandon dcsiics loi libciaiion and maiciial cnjoymcni. Tlc only duiy ol a
living cniiiy is io cngagc in onc's consiiiuiional occupaiion by piaciicing yuhta-vaíragya wiiloui any
dcsiic loi maiciial cnjoymcni oi libciaiion. Tlis maiciial woild is a pioduci ol ilc cxicinal cncigy,
wlicl is a sladow ol ilc supciioi cncigy, wlo is ilc maidscivani ol ilc Loid. Ii is ilcicloic
undcisiood ilai ilc cxicinal cncigy is always cngagcd in caiiying oui ilc will ol ilc Loid. Tlis
maiciial univcisc is ilc lousc ol cnjoymcni loi ilc living cniiiics wlo aic avcisc io ilc Loid. Tlc
only way io cscapc ilc impiisonmcni ol Maya is dcvoiional scivicc io ilc Loid, as siaicd in ilc
Pnagavaá-gita (7.1+):
áaívi ny csa guna-mayi mama maya áuratyaya
mam cva yc prapaáyantc mayam ctam tarantí tc
Tlis divinc cncigy ol Minc, consisiing ol ilc ilicc modcs ol maiciial naiuic, is
dilliculi io ovcicomc. lui ilosc wlo lavc suiicndcicd unio Mc can casily cioss
bcyond ii.`
Wc lavc considcicd ilc iclaiionslip, oi sambanána, bciwccn ilc ilicc subjccis,
and now I will iiy io biiclly cxplain abníáncya and prayojana. Tlc pioccss by
wlicl prayojana is aclicvcd is callcd abníáncya. Tlcicloic I will considci
prayojana liisi.
Tlc condiiion ol ilc living cniiiy is vciy pailciic, loi alilougl lc is puic spiiii, lc
las bccomc ilc scivani ol maiici. Hc considcis limscll a pioduci ol maiici and
bccomcs alllicicd by maiciial scaiciiy. Somciimcs lc ciics duc io scaiciiy ol lood,
somciimcs lc lamcnis duc io bcing aiiaclcd by lcvci, and somciimcs lc cngagcs in
abominablc aciiviiics in oidci io diaw ilc aiicniion ol womcn. Somciimcs lc
cxclaims, I'm dying!` and somciimcs lc says, I'vc bccn savcd by ilis mcdicinc.`
Somciimcs lc is absoibcd in ilc loimidablc occan ol lamcniaiion duc io ilc dcail
ol lis clild. Somciimcs lc builds a big palacc, livcs in ii, and ilinls, Now I'vc
bccomc ling.` lcing cnvious ol a lcw pcoplc, lc ilinls, I'm a gicai lcio.`
Somciimcs lc is siiucl by wondci wlilc scnding a mcssagc by iclcgiam ¦oi L-
mail], somciimcs lc wiiics a bool on mcdicinc and cxpands lis iiilc, somciimcs
lc builds a iiain and considcis limscll a big sclolai, and somciimcs lc ascciiains
ilc movcmcnis ol ilc siais and advciiiscs limscll as an asiiologci. Sucl pcoplc
polluic ilcii lcaiis wiil cnvy, violcncc, lusi, and angci. Somciimcs ilcy icacl
plysics, mcdicinc, and laiming and ilinl, I'vc caincd so mucl piciy.` Alas! Aic
sucl aciiviiics piopci loi a puic spiiii soul' Sucl insignilicani piopcnsiiics aic
mcaninglcss loi onc wlo las livcd in Vailunila and iclislcd puic lovc ol God.
Wlcic is ilc lappincss in cxclangcs wiil womcn wlcn compaicd io ilc ncciai ol
lovc loi Haii' Wlai compaiison can bc madc bciwccn ilc aiiangcmcni loi
ligliing, wlicl disiuibs onc's lcaii, and ilc associaiion wiil dcvoiccs, wlicl
plcascs onc's lcaii' Alas! Il wc caiclully considci wlai wc aciually aic and wlai
wc lavc bccomc, ilcn wc can undcisiand ilai wc lavc lallcn and bccomc inllicicd
wiil ilicclold misciics-ilosc causcd by ilc dcmigods, ilosc causcd by oilci
living cniiiics, and ilosc causcd by onc's own body and mind. Wly lavc wc bccn
misguidcd' Wc lavc cciiainly bccomc ollcndcis io ilc all-blisslul Supicmc Loid.
Tlai is wly wc lavc bccomc lallcn; ilcic is no doubi aboui ii. Oui ollcnsc is
discicpancy in ilc consiiiuiional occupaiion ol ilc spiiii soul. Ii las alicady bccn
slown ilai ilc living cniiiy is lull ol spiiiiual bliss. Tlc soul is puic lnowlcdgc,
and blisslulncss is lis consiiiuiion. Tlc ilicad ol iclaiionslip bciwccn a living
cniiiy and ilc Absoluic Tiuil, wlo is cicinally lull ol lnowlcdgc and bliss, is
callcd prití, oi lovc. Tlis ilicad ol lovc cicinally connccis ilc lappincss ol ilc
living cniiiics wiil ilc lappincss ol ilc Loid. Tlc qualiiy ol ilcii lovc is muiually
aiiiaciivc. Ii is mosi plcasing, subilc, and puic. Wlcn a living cniiiy lalls inio ilc
nci ol illusion, lowcvci, lc sluns ilc loving scivicc ol ilc Loid and scaiclcs loi
cnjoymcni in ilc maiciial woild. Knowing lim io bc an ollcndci, Maya, ilc
maidscivani ol Kisna, ilcn impiisons lim. Wc aic sullciing in ilc maiciial woild
duc io ilis ollcnsc. Oui consiiiuiional duiics, in ilc loim ol lovc ol God, lavc
bccomc icllccicd as aiiaclmcni loi maiciial objccis, wlicl incicascs oui
inauspiciousncss. Ai ilis junciuic, culiivaiion ol oui consiiiuiional duiics is oui
only prayojana, oi goal ol lilc. As long as wc aic condiiioncd, wc cannoi puicly
piaciicc oui consiiiuiional duiics. Oui consiiiuiional piopcnsiiics aic nciilci losi
noi can ilcy bc losi; ilcy aic simply in a doimani siaic. As soon as onc siaiis
culiivaiion ol ilosc duiics, ilcy will awalcn liom ilcii doimani siaic and again
slinc biiglily. Tlcn libciaiion and aiiainmcni ol Vailunila will auiomaiically
cnsuc. Sincc libciaiion is noi oui goal ol lilc, ii is noi oui prayojana. Prití is oui
goal ol lilc and ilcicloic oui only prayojana. Pcoplc wlo aic on ilc pail ol
lnowlcdgc and aic disiuibcd by maiciial misciics scaicl loi libciaiion; bui ilc
cndcavois ol ilosc wiil undcsiiablc goals will bc unsucccsslul, loi ilc pciloimci
aclicvcs no bcnclii. Tlosc wlo culiivaic prití can casily aclicvc complcic
lnowlcdgc and libciaiion. Tlcicloic prití is ilc only prayojana.
Tlc sympioms ol prití aic dcsciibcd in my bool, Datta-haustubna, as lollows:
aharsa-sanníánau Iaunan pravrtto ársyatc yatna
anor manatí caítanyc pravrttín prití-Iahsanam
As a piccc ol iion is naiuially aiiiacicd by a magnci, ilc aiomic spiiii soul is
naiuially aiiiacicd by ilc supicmc consciousncss ol ilc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.`
Tlis naiuial icndcncy is callcd prití. Jusi as ilc soul and Supcisoul aic boil dcvoid
ol maiciial dcsignaiions, ilc prití cxclangcd bciwccn ilcm is similaily puic and
wiiloui a iingc ol maiciial incbiiciy. Oui prayojana is io awalcn ilis puic prití.
Il onc wanis io aclicvc a goal, ilcn lc musi lollow ilc piopci mcilod. Accoiding
io ilcii qualilicaiions, picvious gicai souls lavc iniioduccd vaiious mcilods io
aclicvc succcss in ilcii icspcciivc goals. I will now discuss abníáncya, wlicl is ilc
mcilod loi aclicving prayojana.
All ilc mcilods ilai lavc bccn dcviscd loi aclicving succcss in spiiiiual lilc aic
dividcd inio ilicc classcs. Tlc namcs ol ilcsc ilicc classcs aic laima, jnana, and
bnahtí.
To mainiain onc's lilc by pciloiming picsciibcd duiics is callcd laima. Kaima las
iwo aspccis-picsciipiions and piolibiiions. Aharma, oi inaciiviiy, and víharma,
oi sinlul aciiviiics, aic boil piolibiicd. Kaima is picsciibcd. Tlcic aic ilicc linds
ol laima-consiiiuiional, condiiional, and dcsiious. Aciiviiics ilai aic always
icquiicd io bc pciloimcd aic callcd consiiiuiional. Mainiaining onc's body and
lamily, pciloiming wcllaic aciiviiics, giaiclulncss, and woisliping ilc Loid aic
callcd consiiiuiional aciiviiics. Tlai wlicl bccomcs a duiy by ciicumsiancc is
callcd condiiional aciiviiy. Aiicmpiing io avoid dcail alici sccing ilc dcail ol
onc's lailci is an cxamplc ol a condiiional aciiviiy. Aciiviiics ilai aic pciloimcd
wiil a dcsiic aic callcd dcsiious aciiviiics. An cxamplc is pciloiming a saciilicc io
gci a clild.
Il onc wanis io piopcily pciloim onc's duiics, ilcn lc musi conncci ilc
picsciipiions loi bodily aciiviiics, moial codcs, acis ol clasiiscmcni, inlciiiancc,
iuling ilc lingdom, divisions ol woil, wai, allianccs, maiiiagcs, iimc, and
aioncmcni wiil ilc dcvoiional scivicc ol ilc Loid and ilus bc piopcily siiuaicd in
ilis woild. Tlis las bccn piaciiccd by vaiious casics in somc loim oi oilci. Tlc
land ol llaiaia is populaicd by Ãiyans, ilcicloic ii is an cxamplc loi all casics, loi
all ilc abovc-mcniioncd aciiviiics aic bcauiilully picscni in ilis land in ilc
wondcilul loim ol varnasrama-ánarma. No oilci iacc was ablc io malc sucl a
pcilcci aiiangcmcni. Among oilci iaccs, aciiviiics aic pciloimcd accoiding io
pcoplc's naiuic and ilc abovc-mcniioncd picsciipiions aic claoiically aiiangcd;
bui among ilc Ãiyans ol India, ilcsc picsciipiions aic aiiangcd so ilai all
aciiviiics bccomc lavoiablc loi dcvoiional scivicc. Wlai a wondcilul iniclligcncc
ilc Indian rsís posscsscd! Lvcn in ilc vciy ancicni pasi ilcy madc an
cxiiaoidinaiy aiiangcmcni wiiloui ilc lclp ol any oilci iacc. Wlcn wc iclci io
India as ilc land ol laima and ilc cxamplc loi oilci couniiics, ii is noi an
cxaggciaiion.
Tlc sagcs icalizcd ilai pcoplc's cligibiliiy loi pciloiming duiics is boin liom ilcii
naiuic. Il wc picsciibc aciiviiics wiiloui considciing onc's qualilicaiion, ilcn ilc
aciiviiy will ncvci bc piopcily pciloimcd. Tlcicloic ilc sagcs ascciiaincd pcoplc's
duiics alici considciing ilcii naiuic. Human naiuic is dividcd inio loui
caicgoiics-branmana, hsatríya, vaísya, and suára. Tlc sagcs lavc ilus ascciiaincd
pcoplc's varna accoiding io ilcii naiuic. In ilc lasi clapici ol Pnagavaá-gita
(1S.+1-+5) ii is siaicd:
branmana-hsatríya-vísam suáranam ca parantapa
harmaní pravíbnahtaní svabnava-prabnavaír gunaín
Pranmanas, hsatríyas, vaísyas, and suáras aic disiinguislcd by ilc qualiiics boin
ol ilcii own naiuics in accoidancc wiil ilc maiciial modcs, O clasiisci ol ilc
cncmy.
samo áamas tapan saucam hsantír arjavam cva ca
jnanam víjnanam astíhyam branma-harma svabnava-jam
Pcacclulncss, scll-coniiol, ausiciiiy, puiiiy, iolciancc, loncsiy, lnowlcdgc,
wisdom, and icligiousncss-ilcsc aic ilc naiuial qualiiics by wlicl ilc branmanas
woil.
sauryam tcjo ánrtír áahsyam yuáánc capy apaIayanam
áanam isvara-bnavas ca hsatram harma svabnava-jam
Hcioism, powci, dciciminaiion, icsouicclulncss, couiagc in baiilc, gcnciosiiy,
and lcadcislip aic ilc naiuial qualiiics ol woil loi ilc hsatríyas.
hrsí-go-rahsya-vaníjyam vaísya-harma svabnava-jam
parícaryatmaham harma suárasyapí svabnava-jam
svc svc harmany abníratan samsíááním Iabnatc naran
Iaiming, cow pioicciion, and busincss aic ilc naiuial woil loi ilc vaísyas, and
loi ilc suáras ilcic is laboi and scivicc io oilcis. ly lollowing lis qualiiics ol
woil, cvciy man can bccomc pcilcci.`
Alici dividing ilc varnas accoiding io pcoplc's qualiiics and aciiviiics, wlicl aic
boin ol onc's naiuic, ilc sagcs considcicd ilai ilcic was a nccd loi ascciiaining
ilcii asrama posiiion. Tlcy ilus dcsignaicd maiiicd pcoplc as grnastnas, iiavcling
siudcnis as branmacaris, cldcily iciiicd pcoplc as vanaprastnas, and ilosc wlo
lavc icnounccd cvciyiling as sannyasis. Tlcy lavc also concludcd ilai womcn
and suáras aic mcani io bc grnastnas. No onc can acccpi sannyasa oilci ilan
branmanas. Tlis aiiangcmcni is a clcai indicaiion ol ilc sagcs' cxiiaoidinaiy
iniclligcncc. All ilc picsciipiions and piolibiiions ilai aic boin ol sastra and
aigumcni aic undci ilc juiisdiciion ol varnasrama-ánarma. Ii is dilliculi io discuss
all ilc picsciipiions in ilis small concluding clapici, ilcicloic I will concludc by
saying ilai ilc varnasrama sysicm is a wondcilul picsciipiion loi pcoplcs' maiciial
lilc. Tlis varnasrama sysicm is cciiainly ilc mosi icspccicd ol all aiiangcmcnis
ilai lavc bccn manilcsicd liom ilc Ãiyans' iniclligcncc.
Duc io impiopci considciaiion and cnvy, pcoplc liom loicign couniiics ciiiicizc
ilis aiiangcmcni. Somc loolisl pcoplc ol oui couniiy do also. Tlis is piimaiily
duc io ilcii animosiiy iowaids ilcii own couniiy. Inadcquaic undcisianding ol iis
puiposc and imiiaiing ilc bclavioi ol loicigncis aic also counicd among ilc main
icasons.
lcsidcs ilai, ilcic is no doubi ilai ilis aiiangcmcni las bccn polluicd. Ii las bccn
impiopcily lunciioning duc io a lacl ol sclolais wlo lnow ilc puiposc ol ilc
sysicm. Tlai is wly pcoplc nowadays ciiiicizc ilc varnasrama sysicm. Aciually ilc
aiiangcmcni ol varnasrama is laulilcss. lui low can ii icmain laulilcss wlcn
cmploycd in an inappiopiiaic way' Onc's varnasrama posiiion, wlicl is boin liom
onc's naiuic, is now bcing dcsignaicd accoiding io onc's biiil. Tlis yiclds coniiaiy
icsulis. Tlc unqualilicd son ol a branmana will bc lnown as a branmana, and a
lcaincd pcacclul son ol a suára will bc lnown as a suára. Tlis aiiangcmcni is mosi
coniiaiy io ilc oiiginal varnasrama sysicm. Tlc ancicni cusiom was ilai wlcn a
boy aiiaincd maiuiiiy, ilc cldcily lamily mcmbcis, ilc lamily piicsi, ilc lamily
acarya, ilc landloid, and ilc lcadcis ol ilc villagc would considci lis naiuic and
ilcn ascciiain lis varna. Tlc main considciaiion in ascciiaining a boy's varna was
io analyzc wlcilci lc was qualilicd io acccpi ilc samc varna as lis lailci. Duc io
ilcii inlcicni naiuic and laid woil io aclicvc a ligl siaius, liglci casic clildicn
would olicn bc acccpicd as bclonging io ilc samc varna as ilcii lailci. Yci duc io
inabiliiy, somc clildicn would bc acccpicd as lowci casic. Tlcn again, clildicn ol
lowci casics would olicn bc acccpicd inio ilc liglci casics ai ilc iimc ol
cxaminaiion. Il wc iclci io ilc lisioiics in ilc Puranas, wc can lind many
cxamplcs ol ilis. Sincc ilc lcadcislip succcssion ol blind mcn and ilc
cxaminaiion loi ilc salc ol loimaliiy bcgan, qualilicd pcoplc did noi gci qualilicd
posis and ilus ilc sun ol ilc Ãiyans' lamc las sci. Wlilc cxplaining icligious
codcs, Siï Naiada Muni las siaicd in ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam (7.11.35):
yasya yaI Iahsanam prohtam pumso varnabnívyanjaham
yaá anyatrapí ársycta tat tcnaíva víníráísct
Il onc slows ilc sympioms ol bcing a branmana, hsatríya, vaísya, oi suára, as
dcsciibcd abovc, cvcn il lc las appcaicd in a dillcicni class, lc slould bc acccpicd
accoiding io ilosc sympioms ol classilicaiion.`
Tlc sagcs ol ancicni iimcs did noi ilinl cvcn in ilcii dicams ilai ilc naiuial
occupaiion ol mcn would giadually bc considcicd simply by biiil. To somc cxicni
ii is naiuial loi ilc son ol a gicai pcison io bccomc gicai, bui ilis slould noi bc
ialcn loi gianicd. Tlc naiuial sysicm ol varnasrama was csiablislcd in oidci io
dclivci ilc woild liom ilc lcadcislip succcssion ol blind mcn, bui ilc icligious
sciipiuics unloiiunaicly lcll inio ilc lands ol somc scllisl and loolisl smartas, oi
iiiualisiic branmanas. Tlc dangci ilai ilis sysicm was iniioduccd io picvcni las
iiscll aiiaclcd ilc sysicm. Tlis is a subjcci ol gicai lamcniaiion. Onc wlo iiics io
icmovc ilc coniaminaiion ilai las cnicicd inio ilis sysicm is cngagcd in lis
couniiy's wcllaic. Ii is noi ilc duiy ol iniclligcni pcisons io icmovc ilc wlolc
sysicm bccausc somc poiiion ol ii is coniaminaicd. Tlcicloic, O gicai souls! You
wlo wisl io cngagc in ilc wcllaic ol youi couniiy, plcasc iccsiablisl ilis laulilcss
sysicm givcn by youi loiclailcis alici collcciivcly iclining ii! Do noi iiy io givc up
ilc piopci sysicm ol youi couniiy undci ilc bad advicc ol loicigncis. Will ilosc
wlo livc in ilc land ol India as ilc gloiious dcsccndanis ol gicai pcisonaliiics lilc
lialma, Manu, Dalsa, Maiïci, Paiasaia, Vyasa, Janala, llïsma, and llaiadvaja
lcain ilc aiiangcmcnis loi maiciial lilc liom modcin iaccs' Alas! I don'i scc
anywlcic loi sucl pcoplc io lidc ilcii slamc! Il ilc varnasrama sysicm is
laulilcssly iccsiablislcd, ilcn India will advancc in all icspccis. I nccd noi
claboiaic on ilis. Tlc main puiposc ol ilc varnasrama sysicm is io lclp onc
giadually advancc by pciloiming picsciibcd duiics wiil ilc Loid in ilc ccnici.
In ilis way pcoplc can giadually aiiain spiiiiual lilc by pciloiming ilcii picsciibcd
duiics accoiding io ilc varnasrama sysicm. Tlcicloic in ilc harma-hanáa
sclolais' considciaiion on abníáncya, liuiiivc aciiviiics aic acccpicd as ilc only
mcans loi aclicving prayojana. A condiiioncd soul cannoi livc loi a momcni
wiiloui aciiviiy. Hc musi ai lcasi woil io mainiain lis lilc. Unlcss wc mainiain
oui livcs, wc cannoi piaciicc ilc mcans loi aiiaining prayojana. Tlcicloic aciiviiics
aic unavoidablc. Sincc onc cannoi icmain wiiloui aciiviiy, all aciiviiics slould bc
dovciailcd loi ilc plcasuic ol ilc Loid, oilciwisc ilosc aciiviiics will iiansloim
inio ailcisiic aciiviiics. As siaicd in Srimaá Pnagavatam (1.5.32):
ctat samsucítam branmams tapa-traya-cíhítsítam
yaá isvarc bnagavatí harma branmaní bnavítam
O lialmana Vyasadcva, ii is dccidcd by ilc lcaincd ilai ilc bcsi icmcdial
mcasuic loi icmoving all iioublcs and misciics is io dcdicaic onc's aciiviiics io ilc
scivicc ol ilc Supicmc Loid Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad ¦Siï Kisna].` Iiuiiivc
aciiviiics aic simply a disiuibancc, cvcn il ilcy aic pciloimcd wiiloui moiivc.
Tlcicloic, unlcss ilc aciiviiics onc pciloims accoiding io onc's qualilicaiion aic
ollcicd ciilci io lialman iliougl lnowlcdgc, io ilc Supcisoul iliougl ilc
icsulis, oi io ilc Supicmc Loid iliougl ilc pail ol aiiaclmcni, sucl aciiviiics will
ncvci yicld auspiciousncss. Wc will dcsciibc ilc pail ol aiiaclmcni in iis piopci
placc. Tlc aciiviiics onc pciloims io aclicvc ilc supicmc goal musi bc diiccicd
iowaids ilc woislip ol ilc Supcisoul, ilc Loid ol saciilicc. Woislip ol ilc Loid
cannoi bc givcn up ciilci in consiiiuiional oi condiiional aciiviiics, bccausc onc is
cnjoincd io pciloim lis picsciibcd duiics wiil a scnsc ol giaiclulncss iowaids ilc
Supicmc Loid, and ilis is callcd woisliping ilc Loid. Dcsiious aciiviiics aic
mcani loi low-class pcoplc, yci ilcic is an aiiangcmcni io dovciail ilosc aciiviiics
in iclaiion io ilc Loid. As siaicd in ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam (2.3.10):
ahaman sarva-hamo va mohsa-hama uáara-ánin
tivrcna bnahtí-yogcna yajcta purusam param
A pcison wlo las bioadci iniclligcncc, wlcilci lc bc lull ol all maiciial dcsiic,
wiiloui any maiciial dcsiic, oi dcsiiing libciaiion, musi by all mcans woislip ilc
supicmc wlolc, ilc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad.`
jnana is also considcicd a mcans ol aiiaining spiiiiual pcilcciion. Tlc Supicmc
lialman and ilc living cniiiics aic bcyond ilc maiciial cicaiion. Tlc jnanis
concludc ilai cciiain iiansccndcnial aciiviiics aic ilc only mcans io aiiain ilc
Supicmc lialman, wlicl is ilc goal ol spiiiiual lilc. Alilougl laima is sullicicni
loi mainiaining onc's body and lamily lilc, ii is boin ol maiciial aciiviiics and so
las no poicncy io dciacl onc liom maiici. Tliougl laima onc's mind is iiaincd io
conccniiaic on ilc Supicmc Loid, bui onc cannoi aclicvc cicinal bcnclii uniil
maiciial aciiviiics aic givcn up. Onc aclicvcs spiiiiual icsulis only by spiiiiual
cndcavois. A living cniiiy slould liisi discuss ilc maiciial woild, and alici
subduing all maiciial qualiiics and cxisicncc lc slould cngagc in samaání io aiiain
ilc wcalil ol lialman. As long as onc icmains in a maiciial body, lc musi acccpi
bodily aciiviiics. Tlcic aic iwo iypcs ol jnana-lnowlcdgc ol lialman and
lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Loid. ly lnowlcdgc ol lialman a soul aclicvcs ilc
icsuli ol mciging wiil lialman. Sucl branma-jnanis do noi acccpi ilc
indcpcndcni cxisicncc ol a soul alici mciging. lialman is impcisonal, and wlcn a
soul is libciaicd lc also bccomcs impcisonal and mcigcs wiil lialman. Tlis iypc
ol piaciicc is a siimulaiion loi culiivaiing lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Loid. As ilc
Loid Himscll says in ilc Pnagavaá-gita (12.3-5) conccining ilc puiposc ol
dcvoiional scivicc:
yc tv ahsaram anírácsyam avyahtam paryupasatc
sarvatra-gam acíntyam ca huta-stnam acaIam ánruvam
sanníyamycnáríya-gramam sarvatra sama-buáánayan
tc prapnuvantí mam cva sarva-bnuta-nítc ratan
hIcso áníhataras tcsam avyahtasahta-cctasam
avyahta ní gatír áunhnam ácnavaábnír avapyatc
lui ilosc wlo lully woislip ilc unmanilcsicd, ilai wlicl lics bcyond ilc
pciccpiion ol ilc scnscs, ilc all-pcivading, inconccivablc, unclanging, lixcd, and
immovablc-ilc impcisonal conccpiion ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil-by coniiolling ilc
vaiious scnscs and bcing cqually disposcd io cvciyonc, sucl pcisons, cngagcd in
ilc wcllaic ol all, ai lasi aclicvc Mc. Ioi ilosc wlosc minds aic aiiaclcd io ilc
unmanilcsicd, impcisonal lcaiuic ol ilc Supicmc, advanccmcni is vciy
iioublcsomc. To malc piogicss in ilai disciplinc is always dilliculi loi ilosc wlo
aic cmbodicd.` Tlc main puipoii ol ilcsc ilicc vciscs is ilai wlcn ilc maiciial
conccpiion ol a living cniiiy is dcsiioycd by ilc culiivaiion ol branma-jnana,
impcisonal lnowlcdgc, ilcn by ilc associaiion ol dcvoiccs and ilc mcicy ol ilc
Loid, lc aiiains ilc spiiiiually vaiicgaicd Supicmc Loid. Tlc coniaminaiion ol ilis
maiciial woild polluics ilc conccniiaiion, oi samaání, ol ilc living cniiiy so mucl
ilai alici giving up ilc maiciial clcmcnis, liom ilc livc gioss clcmcnis up io ilc
lalsc cgo, onc nccds io locus on ilc impcisonal lialman in ilc bcginning ol onc's
samaání. lui wlcn ilc spiiii soul iiansccnds maiciial pains and aiiains oncncss
wiil lialman, ilcn wiil lixcd iniclligcncc iliougl samaání lc soon sccs ilc
vaiicgaicdncss ol Vailunila. Tlcn uncciiainiy will no longci blocl lis abiliiy io
scc ilc Loid. Tlcn ilc bcauiy ol Vailunila giadually manilcsis and saiislics ilc
iiansccndcnial cycs ol ilc dcvoicc. Ai ilis poini, branma-jnana iiansloims inio
bnagavaá-jnana, lnowlcdgc ol ilc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad. Wlcn onc's lnowlcdgc
ol ilc Supicmc Loid awalcns, lc auiomaiically undcisiands all mysiciics
icgaiding ilc Loid. Tlcicloic jnana, wlicl is a mcans loi aclicving ilc Absoluic
Tiuil, is also iccommcndcd as abníáncya, oi a mcans loi aclicving ilc uliimaic
goal. Il onc culiivaics lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Loid, ilcn ilcic is a good
possibiliiy ol awalcning puic lovc, wlicl is ilc living cniiiics' prayojana.
Ii is ncccssaiy io say onc oilci iling aboui jnana. Knowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Loid
is naiuial lnowlcdgc, wlcicas ncscicncc and ioo mucl lnowlcdgc aic unnaiuial
lnowlcdgc. Ncscicncc icsulis in adoiaiion ol maiici, and ioo mucl lnowlcdgc
icsulis in ailcism and monism. Adoiaiion ol maiici las iwo loims-posiiivc
adoiaiion is io acccpi maiciial claiaciciisiics as lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Loid
and ncgaiivc adoiaiion is io acccpi maiciial claiaciciisiics as ilc Supicmc. Tlosc
wlo cngagc in posiiivc adoiaiion acccpi and woislip a maiciial imagc as ilc
Supicmc. Tlosc wlo cngagc in ncgaiivc woislip acccpi ilc ncgaiivc lcaiuics ol
maiciial claiaciciisiics as lialman. Sucl pcoplc concludc ilai ilc Supicmc is
impcisonal, wiiloui loim, wiiloui aciiviiy, and wiiloui scnscs. Rcgaiding ilcsc
iwo classcs, ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam (2.10.33-35) siaics:
ctaá bnagavato rupam stnuIam tc vyanrtam maya
many-aáíbnís cavaranaír astabnír banír avrtam
atan param suhsmatamam avyahtam nírvíscsanam
anaáí-maánya-níánanam nítyam van-manasan param
amuni bnagavaá-rupc maya tc ny anuvarnítc
ubnc apí na grnnantí maya-srstc vípascítan
Tlus by all ilis, ilc cxicinal lcaiuic ol ilc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad is covcicd by
gioss loims sucl as ilosc ol plancis, wlicl wcic cxplaincd io you by mc.
Tlcicloic bcyond ilis ¦gioss manilcsiaiion] is a iiansccndcnial manilcsiaiion linci
ilan ilc lincsi loim. Ii las no bcginning, no inicimcdiaic siagc, and no cnd;
ilcicloic ii is bcyond ilc limiis ol cxpicssion oi mcnial spcculaiion and is disiinci
liom ilc maiciial conccpiion. Nciilci ol ilc abovc loims ol ilc Loid, as jusi
dcsciibcd unio you liom ilc maiciial anglc ol vision, is acccpicd by ilc puic
dcvoiccs ol ilc Loid wlo lnow Him wcll.`
loil ol ilc abovc-mcniioncd lcaiuics ol ilc Loid aic maiciial. Swanlilc sclolais
slould disicgaid ilc gioss and subilc lcaiuics ol ilc Loid and cicinally locus on
His iiansccndcnial loim. Tlcicloic acccpiancc ol ilc gioss loim ol ilc Supicmc as
wcll as acccpiancc ol ilc impcisonal loim aic boil pioducis ol ncscicncc and
always coniiadicioiy. Wlcn icasoning ovcicomcs lnowlcdgc and bccomcs
csiablislcd as aigumcni, ilcn onc docs noi acccpi ilc soul as cicinal. In ilis
siiuaiion ilc plilosoply ol ailcism is boin. Wlcn lnowlcdgc comcs undci ilc
suboidinaiion ol icasoning and givcs up iis naiuic, ilcn onc aspiics loi mciging.
Tlis aspiiaiion is boin liom ioo mucl lnowlcdgc and docs noi bcnclii ilc living
cniiiy. As siaicd in ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam (10.2.32):
yc nyc ravínáahsa vímuhta-manínas
tvayy asta-bnavaá avísuáána-buáánayan
arunya hrccnrcna param paáam tatan
patanty aáno naárta-yusmaá-angnrayan
O loius-cycd onc, ilosc wlo ilinl ilcy aic libciaicd in ilis lilc bui do noi icndci
dcvoiional scivicc io You musi bc ol impuic iniclligcncc. Alilougl ilcy acccpi
scvcic ausiciiiics and pcnanccs and iisc io ilc spiiiiual posiiion, io impcisonal
lialman icalizaiion, ilcy lall down again bccausc ilcy ncglcci io woislip Youi
loius lcci.` Lvcn by piopci icasoning, ioo mucl lnowlcdgc cannoi bc bcnclicial.
Wc will now givc loui considciaiions in ilis icgaid:
1. Il mciging wiil ilc Supicmc lialman wcic ilc living cniiiics' uliimaic goal,
ilcn wc would lavc io imaginc ilai ilc living cniiiics lavc bccn cicaicd by ilc
Loid oui ol ciucliy. Il wc did noi iniioducc sucl an impiopci cxisicncc, wc would
noi lccl any dilliculiy. Il wc acccpi Maya as ilc solc cicaioi in oidci io vciily
lialman as laulilcss, ilcn wc aic bound io acccpi an indcpcndcni iiuil ilai is
scpaiaic liom lialman.
2. Wlcn a soul mcigcs wiil lialman, nciilci aic bcncliicd.
3. In ilc cicinal pasiimcs ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil ilcic is no nccd loi ilc souls io
mcigc in lialman.
+. Il onc docs noi lully acccpi ilc qualiiy ol vaiicgaicdncss, wlicl is ilc
manilcsiaiion ol ilc Loid's cncigics, ilcn ilcic is no possibiliiy ol cxisicncc,
lnowlcdgc, oi lappincss, and as a icsuli, ilc Supicmc lialman is considcicd
impcisonal and wiiloui basis. Onc may cvcn dcvclop doubis aboui ilc cxisicncc
ol lialman. lui il onc acccpis ilc qualiiy ol vaiicgaicdncss as cicinal, ilcn ilc
soul cannoi mcigc wiil lialman.
Plcasc iclci io Mayavaáa-sata-áusani loi an claboiaiion on ilis subjcci.
Il onc can undcisiand ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn lnowlcdgc and lovc, ilcn onc will
scc ilai ilcic is no discoid bciwccn ilcm. Tlc oiiginal lcclings ol a soul aic onc's
consiiiuiional duiics. Tlcsc oiiginal lcclings cxpand in iwo ways: (1) ilcy cxpand
in ilc loim ol lnowlcdgc ol an objcci and iis claiaciciisiics, and (2) ilcy cxpand
iliougl ilc icalizaiion ol rasa. Anoilci namc loi ilc liisi way is jnana, oi
spcculaiivc lnowlcdgc, wlicl is naiuially diy and iioublcsomc. Anoilci namc loi
ilc sccond way is prití, oi lovc. Ai ilc iimc ol icalizing an objcci and iis
claiaciciisiics, an cxiiaoidinaiy lccling ol rasa bciwccn ilc subjcci and objcci is
cxpciicnccd. Tlis is callcd prití. In ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn jnana and prití, wc scc
a piopoiiionaic incicasc in onc iclaiivc io ilc icspcciivc dccicasc in ilc oilci. As
jnana incicascs, prití dccicascs, and as prití incicascs, jnana dccicascs. Wlcn jnana
aiiains iis liglcsi plailoim, ilcn ilc oiiginal lcclings ol ilc soul bccomc onc. Tlis
plailoim is diy and ioially dcvoid ol lappincss. Wlcn prití aiiains iis liglcsi
plailoim, ilc oiiginal lcclings ol ilc soul aic noi losi, iailci ilcy bccomc alivc in
ilc subjccis ol sambanána, abníáncya, and prayojana and ilcy ilcn cxpand ilc rasa
ol lovc. Tlcicloic cxpanding lovc is ilc only prayojana loi a living cniiiy.
In ilc considciaiion ol abníáncya, dcvoiional scivicc is acccpicd as ilc main
piaciicc. Sandilya Rsi las siaicd in lis bool namcd Pnahtí-mimamsa, bnahtín
paranurahtír isvarc-Puic aiiaclmcni io ilc Supicmc Loid is callcd bnahtí.`
Pnahtí, oi dcvoiional scivicc, is dclincd as ilc aciiviiics a condiiioncd soul
pciloims oui ol aiiaclmcni loi ilc Supcisoul. Somc ol ilcsc aciiviiics icscmblc
laima and somc icscmblc jnana. Tlc gioss bodily aciiviiics aic callcd laima, and
ilc subilc bodily aciiviiics aic callcd jnana. Dcvoiional scivicc is ilc piaciicc
mcani loi condiiioncd souls, so ii cannoi bc callcd prití, oi lovc. Wlcn prití is
awalcncd ii slould bc undcisiood ilai dcvoiional scivicc las icaclcd iis lull
maiuiiiy. Ii is noi possiblc io claboiaicly dcsciibc cacl ol ilc siagcs ol dcvoiional
scivicc, so wc will dcsciibc only ilc main siagcs. Il alici undcisianding ilc basic
scicncc ol bnahtí ilc csiccmcd icadci siudics dcvoiional sciipiuics sucl as
SanáíIya-sutras and Pnahtí-rasamrta-sínánu, ilcn all ilc iopics iclaicd wiil
dcvoiional scivicc will bc undcisiood.
Pnahtí, lilc prití, las iwo naiuics-opulcni (bascd on aísvarya) and swcci (bascd
on maánurya). Wlcn bnahtí is aiiiacicd by ilc gloiics and opulcnccs ol ilc Loid, ii
is callcd aísvarya-bnahtí. A mood ol sciviiudc aiiscs liom ilc piaciiiioncis' lcclings
ol insignilicancc. Tlc Loid is lnown as ilc cxiiaoidinaiy masici duc io His
supicmcly opulcni aspcci. Tlcn ilc Loid, wlo is supicmcly opulcni, appcais as
ilc King ol lings, Naiayana, and bcsiows auspiciousncss on ilc living cniiiics.
Tlis is noi icmpoiaiy, ii is cicinal and cvci-lasiing. Tlc Supicmc Loid is by naiuic
lull ol all opulcnccs. Onc cannoi scpaiaic opulcnccs liom ilc Loid. lui Hc also
posscsscs a wondcilully swcci lcaiuic, wlicl is supciioi io ilai ol opulcncc. Wlcn
ilc swcci naiuic ol bnahtí bccomcs piomincni, ilcn ilc swcci lcaiuic ol ilc Loid
is manilcsi and ilc opulcni naiuic ol bnahtí bccomcs invisiblc, jusi as ilc moon is
invisiblc in ilc picscncc ol ilc sun. Wlcn ilc naiuic ol opulcncc bccomcs
invisiblc, ilcn ilc Loid bccomcs ilc subjcci ol liglci rasas. Tlcn ilc lcaii ol a
piaciiiionci ialcs slclici ol dillcicni rasas lilc sahnya, vatsaIya, and maánurya.
Tlc Loid ilcn manilcsis as Kisna, ilc pcisonilicaiion ol compassion loi His
dcvoiccs, ilc abodc ol supicmc bliss, and ilc aiiiacioi ol cvciyonc's lcaii. Ii is noi
ilai Kisna las manilcsicd liom Naiayana, bui Tlcy aic boil cicinally wondcilul
and cvci-lasiing. Tlc dillcicni loims ol ilc Loid manilcsi accoiding io ilc naiuic
and qualilicaiion ol ilc dcvoicc. Tlc pcisonaliiy ol Kisna is ilc slclici ol ilc
iopmosi ol ilc livc piimaiy rasas ol ilc living cniiiics, ilcicloic Loid Siï Kisna is
acccpicd as ilc iopmosi pcisonaliiy in ilc scicncc ol bnahtí and prití. Tlis subjcci
las bccn clcaily cxplaincd in Sri Krsna-samníta.
Il wc dccply considci, wc can undcisiand ilai only iopics conccining ilc Loid
slould bc discusscd. In oidci io undcisiand ilc nondual iiuil, wc lavc io
considci ilc ilicc lcaiuics ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil dcsciibcd in ilc Srimaá
Pnagavatam (1.2.11):
vaáantí tat tattva-víáas tattvam yaj jnanam aávayam
branmctí paramatmctí bnagavan ítí sabáyatc
Lcaincd iiansccndcnialisis wlo lnow ilc Absoluic Tiuil call ilis nondual
subsiancc lialman, Paiamaima, oi llagavan.` Ai liisi, duc io indiicci pciccpiion,
ilc Absoluic Tiuil is lnown as lialman. Tlc diicci loim ol lialman is noi
visiblc; only an indiicci loim ol ilc Absoluic Tiuil is icalizcd iliougl jnana.
Aiiainmcni ol lnowlcdgc is ilc liglcsi aclicvcmcni ol inquiiy inio lialman. Yci
in lialman onc cannoi iclisl lnowlcdgc, bccausc in lialman ilcic is no
dillcicncc bciwccn ilc cnjoyci and ilc cnjoycd. In ilc sccond casc, iliougl ilc
lclp ol diicci and indiicci lcaiuics, ilc Paiamaima, oi Supcisoul, is lnown by ilc
individual soul. Alilougl in ilis casc ilcic is a lini ol dillcicncc ¦bciwccn ilc
soul and Supcisoul], duc io ilc abscncc ol ilc complcic loim ol ilc Loid, ilis
lcaiuic ol Paiamaima is only lnown iliougl aiiilicial samaání. Ai ilis junciuic
ilc dcvoicc and ilc Loid cannoi lully manilcsi vaiicgaicd cxclangcs. Tlc Loid, oi
llagavan, is ilc only woislipablc iiuil. Hc is ilcicloic mcniioncd in ilc
conclusion ol ilc picviously quoicd vcisc. Among ilc many qualiiics ol ilc Loid,
Hc is manilcsi as lialman by onc ol ilosc qualiiics and as Paiamaima by anoilci
ol ilosc qualiiics. lui wlcn all ilc qualiiics aic gailcicd iogcilci, ilc lcaiuic ol
ilc Loid dcsciibcd in ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam (2.9.35), yatna manantí bnutaní-
jusi as ilc univcisal clcmcnis,` bccomcs manilcsi in ilc lcaii ol ilc living
cniiiics iliougl samaání. Ol all ilc namcs72 and loims ol ilc Loid cuiicni in ilc woild,
ilc loim ol llagavan mcniioncd in Srimaá Pnagavatam is ilc mosi puic. Tlai is wly ilc
Paramanamsa-samníta is lnown as ilc Pnagavata. Tlc Absoluic Tiuil, llagavan, is ilc souicc ol all
qualiiics. Tlc woid llagavan iclcis io six piinciplc qualiiics mcniioncd in ilc Vísnu Purana
(6.5.+7) as lollows:
aísvaryasya samagrasya viryasya yasasan sríyan
jnana-vaíragyayos caíva sannam bnaga ítíngana
llagavan, ilc Supicmc Pcisonaliiy ol Godlcad, is Hc wlo is lull in six
opulcnccs. Hc las lull siicngil, lamc, wcalil, lnowlcdgc, bcauiy, and
icnunciaiion.` Ii is io bc undcisiood ai ilis poini ilai ilc Loid is noi simply a
collcciion ol qualiiics, iailci ilc qualiiics aic naiuially manilcsi in a paiiiculai
loim. Among ilc six qualiiics ol ilc Loid, opulcncc and bcauiy aic sccn as onc in
His loim. Tlc oilci loui qualiiics slinc biiglily as His claiaciciisiics. In ilc
opulcni loim ol ilc Loid ilc quaniiiy ol cnjoymcni is lcss, wlilc in ilc swcci loim
ol ilc Loid cnjoymcni is moic iclislablc, bccausc only swccincss is cxpciicnccd.
Opulcncc and ilc livc oilci qualiiics aic idcniilicd as claiaciciisiics ol ilai loim.
Tlcic is naiuially an invcisc iaiio bciwccn swccincss and opulcncc. Opulcncc
dccicascs in piopoiiion io ilc incicasc in swccincss, and swccincss dccicascs in
piopoiiion io ilc incicasc in opulcncc. Tlc wondcilul lcaiuic ol swccincss in ilc
Loid is cxlibiicd by indcpcndcncc and cqualiiy bciwccn ilc dcvoicc and ilc Loid.
In ilis posiiion ilc Loid mainiains His lcaiuics as ilc supicmc coniiollci, as
lialman, and as Paiamaima, bccausc ilc Absoluic Tiuil naiuially icmains
nondual, alilougl accoiding io ilc qualilicaiions ol ilc dcvoiccs Hc appcais
dillcicnily. Tlc loim ol Siï Kisna, wlo is ilc swcci haáamba llowci ol maánurya-
rasa, is ilc only indcpcndcni objcci ol spiiiiual culiivaiion.
As Suladcva Gosvamï dcsciibcd ilc rasa-IiIa, Malaiaja Paiïlsii lad a doubi
wlcilci culiivaiion ol God consciousncss wiiloui a iingc ol opulcncc could bc
succcsslul, so lc inquiicd:
hrsnam víáun param hantam na tu branmataya munc
guna-pravanoparamas tasam guna-áníyam hatnam
O sagc, ilc gopis lncw Kisna only as ilcii lovci, noi as ilc Supicmc Absoluic
Tiuil. So low could ilcsc giils, ilcii minds caugli up in ilc wavcs ol ilc modcs
ol naiuic, licc ilcmsclvcs liom maiciial aiiaclmcni'` (Pnag. 10.29.12)
In icsponsc io lis qucsiion, Suladcva Gosvamï icplicd:
uhtam purastaá ctat tc caíáyan síááním yatna gatan
ávísann apí nrsihcsam hím utaánohsaja-príyan
nrnam nínsrcyasartnaya vyahtír bnagavato nrpa
avyayasyapramcyasya nírgunasya gunatmanan
Tlis poini was cxplaincd io you picviously. Sincc cvcn Sisupala, wlo laicd
Kisna, aclicvcd pcilcciion, ilcn wlai io spcal ol ilc Loid's dcai dcvoiccs. O
King, ilc Supicmc Loid is incxlausiiblc and immcasuiablc, and Hc is uniouclcd
by ilc maiciial modcs bccausc Hc is ilcii coniiollci. His pcisonal appcaiancc in
ilis woild is mcani loi bcsiowing ilc liglcsi bcnclii on lumaniiy.` (Pnag.
10.29.13-1+)
Among ilc six qualiiics, lcadcd by opulcncc, ilc qualiiy ol bcauiy is ilc bcsi. Tlis
was concludcd by Suladcva Gosvamï. Tlcicloic ilosc wlo suppoii ilis-wlcilci
hanístna-aáníhari oi uttama-aáníhari-will aiiain ilc supicmc goal. ly ilc siicngil
ol ilcii saánana, ilc hanístna-aáníharis givc up conncciion wiil maiciial qualiiics,
wlicl aic boin liom pious and impious aciiviiics, and bccomc uttama-aáníharis
and ilus aclicvc Kisna, wlilc ilc uttama-aáníharis icccivc somc uááipana, oi
insiigaiion, and cnici ilc rasa dancc.
Tlc piimaiy sympioms ol bnahtí aic dcsciibcd in ilc Pnahtí-rasamrta-sínánu,
(Purva-víbnaga 1.9) as lollows:
anyabníIasíta-sunyam jnana-harmaáy-anavrtam
anuhuIycna hrsnanu- siIanam bnahtír uttama
Onc slould icndci iiansccndcnial loving scivicc io ilc Supicmc Loid Kisna
lavoiably and wiiloui dcsiic loi maiciial piolii oi gain iliougl liuiiivc aciiviiics
oi plilosoplical spcculaiion. Tlai is callcd puic dcvoiional scivicc.` Tlc sympiom
ol puic bnahtí is lavoiablc loving scivicc. lui lavoiablc loving scivicc unio
wlom-lialman, Paiamaima, oi Naiayana' No, ii is noi io lialman, bccausc
lialman is an impcisonal objcci ol ilougli. Dcvoiion las no slclici in lialman.
Noi is loving scivicc ollcicd io Paiamaima, bccausc Paiamaima is lnown iliougl
ilc pail ol yoga. Tlcicloic Paiamaima is noi ilc objcci ol dcvoiion. Noi is
dcvoiional scivicc cxacily mcani loi Naiayana, bccausc all ilc piopcnsiiics ol
bnahtí cannoi ialc slclici ol Naiayana. Wlcn a living cniiiy's lnowlcdgc ol and
iliisi loi lialman is givcn up, ilcn lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Loid aiiscs along
wiil santa-rasa. Tlis rasa is mcani loi Naiayana. lui ilis rasa las an indillcicni
mood. Wlcn allcciion loi Naiayana aiiscs, ilcn ilc iclaiionslip bciwccn scivani
and Loid awalcns. Wiil ilc lcaiuic ol Naiayana, lowcvci, ilis iclaiionslip
cannoi advancc luiilci, bccausc ilc loim ol Naiayana can ncvci bc ilc goal loi
sahnya, vatsaIya, oi maánurya rasas. Wlo will lavc ilc couiagc io pui lis aim
aiound Naiayana's nccl and say, O my liicnd, I lavc biougli somc gili loi You.
Plcasc ialc ii.` Wlicl living cniiiy is ablc io ialc Naiayana on ilcii lap and liss
Him in a paicnial mood' Wlo can say, O my bclovcd, You aic ilc Loid ol my
lilc. I am Youi wilc.` How gicai is Naiayana, ilc Loid ol immcnsc opulcncc and
King ol lings, and low incapablc aic ilc insignilicani, pooi, and lallcn living
cniiiics! Ioi sucl living cniiiics ii is cxiicmcly dilliculi io givc up ilc lcai, icspcci,
and woislip ol Loid Naiayana. lui ilc woislipablc Loid is mosi mcicilul and
always absoibcd in loving pasiimcs. Wlcn ilc Loid sccs ilc living cniiiy's
advanccmcni and awalcning ol rasas sucl as sahnya, ilcn ilc Loid mcicilully
bccomcs ilc objcci ol ilosc advanccd rasas and cnjoys iiansccndcnial pasiimcs
wiil ilc living cniiiy. Siï Kisnacandia is ilc idcal objcci loi ilc piopcnsiiics ol
bnahtí. Tlcicloic culiivaiion ol Kisna consciousncss is ilc idcal sympiom ol puic
dcvoiional scivicc. In ilis culiivaiion ol Kisna consciousncss onc slould noi
mainiain any dcsiic oilci ilan ilc advanccmcni ol lis consiiiuiional duiics. Il onc
culiivaics ilc dcsiic loi libciaiion oi scnsc giaiilicaiion, ilcn onc's rasa will noi
dcvclop and lis culiivaiion will icsuli in jnana oi laima. Onc slould bc caiclul
ilai liuiiivc aciiviiics and spcculaiivc lnowlcdgc do noi covci ilis wondcilul
subilc piopcnsiiy. Il jnana covcis ilis piopcnsiiy, ilcn onc will bc aiiiacicd io
lialman and losc onc's idcniiiy. Il laima covcis ilis piopcnsiiy, ilcn onc's lcaii
will bccomc aiiaclcd io dull liuiiivc aciiviiics lilc an oidinaiy smarta and onc will
uliimaicly lcavc Kisna io cngagc in ailcisiic aciiviiics. Qualiiics lilc angci aic also
a iypc ol culiivaiion, bui by culiivaiing Kisna consciousncss in sucl a mood onc
will iasic ilc opposing rasa cnjoycd by Kamsa. Tlcicloic ilis iypc ol culiivaiion is
unlavoiablc. Ai ilis junciuic onc may aiguc ilai il bnahtí is lilc laima and jnana,
ilcn ilc namcs laima` and jnana` slould lavc bccn sullicicni. Wlai is ilc nccd
ol usclcssly naming somc piaciiccs bnahtí' Tlc answci io ilis qucsiion is ilai ilc
scicncc ol bnahtí cannoi bc cxplaincd in ilc namc ol laima and jnana. Tlcic aic
scpaiaic icsulis in consiiiuiional, condiiional, and dcsiious aciiviiics. Tlc
piinciplc goal ol all aciiviiics is io aiiain onc's consiiiuiional occupaiion-ol ilis
ilcic is no doubi. lui all aciiviiics lavc ilcii own iiiclcvani liuiis. Ioi cxamplc,
ilc iiiclcvani liuiis ol bodily aciiviiics aic nouiislmcni ol ilc body and scnsual
plcasuic. No onc can dcny ilis. Tlc iiiclcvani liuiis ol mcnial aciiviiics aic
lappincss ol ilc lcaii and slaipncss ol ilc iniclligcncc. Onc wlo suipasscs ilcsc
iiiclcvani liuiis and scaiclcs loi ilc piinciplc liuii may dcvclop a dcvoiional
mood in lis aciiviiics. Tlai is wly aciiviiics wiil iiiclcvani liuiis aic lnown as
harma-hanáa. Kaima and bnahtí lavc bccn scicniilically dividcd in oidci io
incoipoiaic ilc lavoiablc liuiis ol laima inio bnahtí. Similaily, jnana ilai simply
aims ai libciaiion is callcd jnana-hanáa, wlilc ilc lavoiablc liuiis ol jnana ilai lclp
onc piogicss iowaids ilc goal ol lilc lavc bccn incoipoiaicd inio bnahtí. Tlcic is
somciling moic io bc said in ilis icgaid. Il all laima and jnana aim ai aiiaining
ilc piinciplc liuii, ilcn ilcy may bc considcicd bnahtí. lui only somc laima is
mcani loi aiiaining ilc piinciplc liuii. Tlcsc aciiviiics aic idcniilicd as diicci
dcvoiional scivicc. Somc cxamplcs aic woisliping ilc Loid, claniing japa,
lollowing dcvoiional vows, visiiing loly placcs, siudying dcvoiional sciipiuics,
and sciving ilc dcvoiccs. Wlcn oilci laimas and ilcii iiiclcvani liuiis aim ai ilc
piinciplc liuii, ilcn ilcy may bc callcd indiicci dcvoiional scivicc. Similaily,
lnowlcdgc ol ilc Supicmc Loid is closci io bnahtí ilan lnowlcdgc ol lialman oi
lcclings ol icnunciaiion. Il icnunciaiion and lnowlcdgc ol lialman, along wiil
ilcii iiiclcvani liuii, libciaiion liom maya, lclps onc aclicvc aiiiaciion loi ilc
Loid, ilcn ilcy aic also includcd in bnahtí.
Anoilci namc loi harma-hanáa is laima-yoga, and anoilci namc loi jnana-hanáa
is jnana-yoga oi Sanllya-yoga. Tlc main puiposc ol saánana is io awalcn onc's
aiiiaciion loi ilc Supicmc Loid. Wlcn lavoiablc laima and jnana aic dovciailcd
wiil bnahtí ilcy aic callcd bnahtí-yoga. Tlosc wlo cannoi undcisiand ilis
synilcsis aic impiopcily cngagcd ciilci in liuiiivc aciiviiics, spcculaiivc
lnowlcdgc, oi dcmigod woislip. Ii is indicaicd in ilc Pnagavaá-gita (5.+, 5, 7):
sanhnya-yogau prtnag baIan pravaáantí na panáítan
cham apy astnítan samyag ubnayor vínáatc pnaIam
Only ilc ignoiani spcal ol dcvoiional scivicc ¦laima-yoga] as bcing dillcicni
liom ilc analyiical siudy ol ilc maiciial woild ¦Sanllya]. Tlosc wlo aic aciually
lcaincd say ilai lc wlo applics limscll wcll io onc ol ilcsc pails aclicvcs ilc
icsulis ol boil.
yat sanhnyaín prapyatc stnanam taá yogaír apí gamyatc
cham sanhnyam ca yogam ca yan pasyatí sa pasyatí
Onc wlo lnows ilai ilc posiiion icaclcd by mcans ol analyiical siudy can also
bc aiiaincd by dcvoiional scivicc, and wlo ilcicloic sccs analyiical siudy and
dcvoiional scivicc io bc on ilc samc lcvcl, sccs ilings as ilcy aic.
yoga-yuhto vísuáánatma víjítatma jítcnáríyan
sarva-bnutatma-bnutatma hurvann apí na Iípyatc
Onc wlo woils in dcvoiion, wlo is a puic soul, and wlo coniiols lis mind and
scnscs is dcai io cvciyonc, and cvciyonc is dcai io lim. Tlougl always woiling,
sucl a man is ncvci cnianglcd.` In oilci woids, sucl a pcison pciloims plysical,
mcnial, and lousclold aciiviiics up io ilc cnd ol lis lilc wiiloui acccpiing ilc
iiiclcvani liuiis ol lis aciiviiics, bccausc all lis aciiviiics and iiiclcvani liuiis aic
cngagcd simply in nouiisling aiiiaciion loi ilc Supicmc Loid, wlicl is ilc
piinciplc liuii. Tlc puipoii is ilai ilc abovc-mcniioncd yogi wlo can synilcsis
lis vaiious aciiviiics is woislipablc and supciioi io ilc laima-yogis wlo lavc
aiiaincd pcilcciions sucl as aníma and Iagníma oi ilc jnana-yogís wlo aic aiiaclcd
io libciaiion. Tlc wondcilul pioccss ol bnahtí-yoga las ilicc plascs-saánana,
bnava, and prcma.
Duc io loigcilulncss ol onc's idcniiiy, ilc condiiioncd living cniiiy undci ilc
inllucncc ol lalsc cgo idcniilics wiil lis body. Tlc prití ilai is ilc consiiiuiional
naiuic ol a living cniiiy is ai picscni pcivciicdly iiansloimcd inio prití loi objccis
ol ilc scnscs. In ilis condiiion onc slould cndcavoi io lollow pratyag-gatí loi
aiiaining onc's consiiiuiional duiics. Undci ilc inllucncc ol ilc lalsc cgo, ilc
living cniiiy acccpis a loim madc ol maiciial clcmcnis and ilcii qualiiics and wiil
an iiicligious mcnialiiy and ilc lclp ol ilc scnscs cxpciicnccs lappincss and
disiicss. Tlis maiciial aiiaclmcni is callcd ilc cuiicni ol parag. In oilci woids
onc's inicinal lcclings aic impiopcily llowing cxicinally. Wlcn ilis cuiicni is
biougli bacl liom cxicinal objccis, ii is callcd ilc cuiicni ol pratyah. Tlc mcilod
by wlicl ilis is aclicvcd is callcd saánana-bnahtí. Wlcn onc's oiiginal
piopcnsiiics aic caiiicd away by ilc pcivciicd cuiicni and ilc insiiumcni ol ilc
scnscs, ilcn onc bccomcs absoibcd in maiciial objccis. Tlcsc piopcnsiiics ilcn
bccomc absoibcd in maiciial scnsc objccis-iasiing iliougl ilc ionguc, smclling
iliougl ilc nosc, sccing iliougl ilc cycs, lcaiing iliougl ilc cais, and lccling
iliougl ilc slin. Tlis cuiicni is so powcilul ilai ii is noi possiblc loi ilc mind io
clccl ii. Tlc pioccss loi clccling ilis cuiicni is mcniioncd in ilc Pnagavaá-gita
(2.59) as lollows:
vísaya vínívartantc níranarasya ácnínan
rasa-varjam raso py asya param árstva nívartatc
Tlcic aic iwo ways loi clccling ilis cuiicni. Il an cmbodicd soul is dcpiivcd ol
scnsc cnjoymcni, lis iasic loi scnsc objccis will cciiainly bc clcclcd. lui ii is
impossiblc loi an cmbodicd soul io icmain alool liom maiciial scnsc objccis. So il
ilcic is anoilci pioccss io clccl ilis cuiicni, ilcn ii is onc's duiy io lollow ilai
pioccss. Tlcic is onc uliimaic pioccss io divcii ilc cuiicni ol aiiaclmcni liom
scnsc objccis. Wlcn ilc cuiicni ol aiiaclmcni mccis rasa, ii is cnclanicd. So il
ilai cuiicni is divciicd io a rasa ilai is supciioi io maiciial rasa, ii will naiuially
acccpi ilc supciioi rasa. As siaicd in ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam (1.5.3+):
cvam nrnam hríya-yogan sarvc samsrtí-nctavan
ta cvatma-vínasaya haIpantc haIpítan parc
Tlus wlcn all a man's aciiviiics aic dcdicaicd io ilc scivicc ol ilc Loid, ilosc
vciy aciiviiics wlicl causcd lis pcipciual bondagc bccomc ilc dcsiioyci ol ilc
iicc ol woil.`
Tlis is ilc piinciplc iiuil ol saánana on ilc pail ol raga. Tlc wlolc lilc ol a
saánaha on ilc pail ol raga is dcdicaicd io culiivaiing Kisna consciousncss. Tlis
culiivaiion is dividcd inio scvcn caicgoiics73 as lollows:
Cafegory Descripfion7+
1. SpirifuaI cuIfivafion-(1) Prití and (2) icalizaiion ol sambanána, abníáncya,
and prayojana.
2. MenfaI cuIfivafion-(1) Rcmcmbciancc, (2) ilinling, (3) mcdiiaiion,
(+) conccniiaicd mcdiiaiion, (5) samaání, (6) considciaiion
on ilc scicncc ol sambanána, (7) icpcniancc, (S) yama75, and
(9)
puiilicaiion ol ilc lcaii.
3. BodiIy cuIfivafion-(1) Níyamas76, (2) sciving oilcis, (3) sccing and ioucling ilc
dcvoiccs and ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam, (+) piaying, (5)
lcaiing,
(6) cngaging ilc scnscs in dcvoiional scivicc, (7)
iiansloimaiions
ol ccsiaiic lovc, and (S) dcvcloping ilc mood ol sciviiudc io
ilc Loid.
+. CuIfivafion of speech-(1) Claniing lymns, (2) siudying, (3) hirtana, (+)
icacling,
(5) piaying, and (6) picacling.
5. CuIfivafion of one's reIafionship-(1) santa, (2) áasya, (3) sahnya, (+) vatsaIya,
and (5)
hanta. Tlcic aic iwo iypcs ol iclaiionslips-wiil ilc Loid
and wiil ilc
Loid's associaics.
6. SociaI cuIfivafion-(1) Varna-branmana, hsatríya, vaísya, and suára-ilcii
occupaiions
and posiiions aic dividcd accoiding io pcoplc's naiuic, (2)
asrama-
grnastna, branmacarya, vanaprastna, and sannyasa-dividcd
accoiding
io pcoplcs' social siiuaiion, (3) asscmblics, (+) gcncial
lcsiivals, and (5)
aciiviiics lilc saciilicc.
7. CuIfivafion of sense objecfs-Tlc lollowing scnsc objccis lclp onc in ilc
dcvclopmcni ol
Kisna consciousncss. (1) Tlc objccis loi ilc cycs aic ilc
Dciiy, ilc
icmplc, ilc sciipiuics, ilc loly placcs, spiiiiual diamas, and
spiiiiual
lcsiivals; (2) ilc objccis loi ilc cais aic ilc sciipiuics, songs,
lcciuics,
and convcisaiions; (3) ilc objccis loi ilc nosc aic tuIasi,
llowcis,
sandalwood, and oilci liagiani iicms ollcicd io ilc Loid; (+)
ilc
objccis loi ilc ionguc aic hirtana and ialing a vow io acccpi
only ilc
palaiablc loodsiulls and diinls ilai wcic ollcicd io ilc Loid;
(5) ilc
objccis loi ilc ioucl aic ilc aii ol loly placcs, puic waici,
ilc body ol a
Vaisnava, ilc soli bcd ollcicd io Kisna, and associaiion wiil
a clasic
woman in oidci io piopagaic a God-ccnicicd lamily; (6) ilc
iimcs lilc
Haii-vasaia (Lladasï) and lcsiivc days; and (7) ilc placcs lilc
Vindavana, Navadvïpa, Jagannaila Puiï, and Naimisaianya.
Il onc's aiiaclmcni cxpciicnccs ilc liglci iasic ol Kisna consciousncss, ilcn ilai
aiiaclmcni will naiuially givc up maiciial objccis and bc absoibcd in ilai liglci
iasic. Wlcn aiiaclmcni is absoibcd in maiciial objccis, low can ii cxpciicncc a
liglci iasic' Tlcicloic Vaisnavas, wlo aic ilc wcll-wislcis ol all living cniiiics,
lavc dcviscd a pioccss loi dovciailing maiciial objccis wiil Kisna consciousncss.
Alilougl ilc cicaiion ol Maya is a pcivciicd icllcciion ol ilc puic Absoluic Tiuil,
slc is ilc maidscivani ol ilc Loid and always cngagcd in His scivicc. So il onc
dcsiics io woislip Kisna iliougl Maya, slc abandons lci advcisc aspcci and
acccpis ilai woislip wiil icspcci as a dcvoicc. Tlis is ilc gicai mysiciy ol ilc
Vaisnava laiil. In oidci io csiablisl ilc Vaisnava lamily loi ilc wcllaic ol ilc
living cniiiics, Siï Naiada Gosvamï gavc Vyasadcva ilc lollowing lini in ilc
Srimaá Pnagavatam (1.5.20):
íáam ní vísvam bnagavan ívctaro
yato jagat-stnana-níroána-sambnavan
taá ání svayam vcáa bnavams tatnapí tc
praácsa-matram bnavatan praáarsítam
Know loi cciiain ilai ilis maiciial woild is nondillcicni liom ilc Loid bccausc ii
is cicaicd, mainiaincd, and annililaicd by Him. Tlc spiiiiual woild, Vailunila, is
ilc Loid's cicinal abodc. Tlis visiblc maiciial woild is only ilc icllcciion ol
Vailunila. Tlc ingicdicnis, cxisicncc, and naiuic ol ilis maiciial woild aic
ilcicloic simply imiiaiions ol Vailunila. Tlc condiiioncd living cniiiics aic ilc
cnjoycis ol ilis maiciial woild. Tlc lauli ol ilc maiciial woild is ilai ilc living
cniiiics lcic aic icbcllious by naiuic. O Vyasadcva, don'i bc aliaid ol dcsciibing
ilc pasiimcs ol ilc Loid iliougl ilc mcdium ol ilis maiciial woild, bccausc, in
iiuil, dcsciibing ilc maiciial woild is ilc samc as dcsciibing Vailunila, loi ilcy
aic considcicd maiciial oi spiiiiual only duc io onc's conviciion. Il you dcsciibc
ilis maiciial woild in icims ol iis iclaiionslip wiil ilc Supicmc Loid, ilcn youi
aiiaclmcni loi Vailunila will auiomaiically awalcn. Tlis laci is alicady lnown io
you iliougl youi own scll-icalizaiion. Sincc you lavc aslcd mc, I lavc givcn you
ilis synopsis. Plcasc, ilcicloic, dcsciibc ilc pasiimcs ol ilc Loid iliougl ilc
pioccss ol naiuial samaání and ilus guidc ilc living cniiiics iowaid Vailunila.
You lavc picviously dcsciibcd mundanc icligious piinciplcs and ilc pioccss ol
pscudo samaání, wlicl aic noi always bcnclicial.`
Pcoplc wlo lollow ilc pratyah cuiicni lavc csiablislcd ilc wlolc woild as a
Vaisnava lamily by dovciailing maiciial objccis in God consciousncss. Pcoplc wlo
cnjoy caiing giains can cai mana-prasaáa ilai las bccn ollcicd io ilc Loid, and in
ilis way piaciicc ilc pratyah cuiicni ol ilc ionguc. Similaily, ilosc wlo aic lond
ol lcaiing can lcai ilc namcs and pasiimcs ol ilc Loid and ilus piaciicc ilc
pratyah cuiicni ol ilc cais. In ilis way ilcy giadually cngagc ilcii scnscs and
scnsc objccis in ilc scivicc ol ilc Loid and ilus incicasc ilcii inicinal cuiicni ol
raga by pioviding ilcii scnscs a liglci iasic. Tlis is callcd saánana-bnahtí. In oidci
io dclivci ilc living cniiiics liom ilc ailcisiic mcnialiiy ol, I am ilc cnjoyci,` Siï
Maladcva, wlo is woislipcd by all Vaisnavas, las csiablislcd in ilc tantras
dillcicni mcilods sucl as Iata-saánana, vamacara, viracara, and pasvacara.
Uliimaicly, Siï Maladcva las csiablislcd ilc Supicmc Loid as ilc cnjoyci and ilc
living cniiiics as ilc cnjoycd and cicaicd a plailoim liom wlicl onc can aclicvc a
liglci iasic liom maiciial scnsc objccis. Tlcic is no coniiadiciion bciwccn ilc
tantra-sastras and Vaisnava sastras. Tlcy aic simply dillcicni piovisions on ilc
pail ol raga loi pcoplc ol dillcicni qualilicaiions. Saánana-bnahtí is dividcd inio
ninc pioccsscs as dcsciibcd in ilc Srimaá Pnagavatam (7.9.23):
sravanam hirtanam vísnon smaranam paáa-scvanam
arcanam vanáanam áasyam sahnyam atma-nívcáanam
Hcaiing and claniing aboui ilc iiansccndcnial loly namc, loim, qualiiics,
paiaplcinalia, and pasiimcs ol Loid Visnu, icmcmbciing ilcm, sciving ilc loius
lcci ol ilc Loid, ollciing ilc Loid icspccilul woislip wiil sixiccn iypcs ol
paiaplcinalia, ollciing piaycis io ilc Loid, bccoming His scivani, considciing ilc
Loid onc's bcsi liicnd, and suiicndciing cvciyiling unio Him (in oilci woids,
sciving Him wiil ilc body, mind, and woids)-ilcsc aic ilc ninc pioccsscs ol
saánana-bnahtí.` Somc rsís lavc dividcd ilcsc ninc pioccsscs inio sixiy-loui
pioccsscs. Vaiious pcoplc lavc aiiaincd pcilcciion by lollowing ciilci onc ol ilc
pioccsscs, somc ol ilc pioccsscs, oi all ol ilc pioccsscs.
Tlcic aic iwo iypcs ol saánana-bnahtí-vaíání and raganuga. Tlosc piaciiiioncis
wlosc raga las noi yci awalcncd aic cligiblc loi vaíání-bnahtí, in ilc loim ol
sciipiuial injunciions. Tlcy aic lollowcis ol ilc puic dcvoiccs. Tlc piaciiccs ol
ilosc wlo lavc no raga bui wlo iiy io imiiaic ilc raga ol ilc acarya and ilus
cngagc in saánana aic callcd raganuga-saánana. Tlis is also a loim ol icgulaicd
dcvoiional scivicc. lui in iis maiuic siagc, raganuga-saánana is no longci
coniiollcd by icgulaiions.
Wlcn saánana-bnahtí maiuics, oi wlcn a liiilc bnava awalcns by ilc associaiion ol
dcvoiccs, ilc juiisdiciion ol vaíání-bnahtí is ciosscd. Tlc sympioms ol ilc ninc
pioccsscs ol dcvoiional scivicc aic lound cqually in boil saánana-bnahtí and
bnava-bnahtí, bui in bnava-bnahtí ilcy aic moic dccp. In bnava-bnahtí ilc inicinal
mood ol a scivani, liicnd, oi suiicndcicd soul bccomcs moic piomincni. In
saánana-bnahtí gioss bodily aciiviiics aic moic piomincni. lui in bnava-bnahtí ilc
aciiviiics ol ilc spiiiiually icllccicd subilc body, bcing vciy closc io ilc subilc
cxisicncc ol ilc soul, aic moic piomincni ilan gioss bodily aciiviiics. In ilis
siiuaiion onc's bodily icquiicmcnis diminisl and onc's dcsiic and cndcavoi io
aiiain prayojana bccomc vciy siiong. Ai ilai iimc onc dcvclops liom among ilc
limbs ol saánana-bnahtí a spccial iasic loi claniing ilc loly namcs.
Wlcn bnava maiuics, prcma-bnahtí awalcns. As long as onc is connccicd wiil ilc
maiciial woild, prcma-bnahtí cannoi aiiain puic prití bui icmains a icplica ol puic
prití. Pcisons wlo lavc aiiaincd ilc siagc ol prcma-bnahtí aclicvc all purusartnas.
Tlcii puic powcilul cxisicncc wcalcns ilcii gioss and spiiiiually icllccicd, oi
subilc, cxisicnccs. Tlcic is no supciioi siaic in lilc ilan ilis.
Many appaicni coniiadiciions may bc lound in ilc claiaciciisiics ol pcisons in
prcma-bnahtí. Tlcii claiaciciisiics, lowcvci, aic aciually mosi puic and
indcpcndcni. Rcgulaiions oi icason cannoi coniiol ilcm. Tlcy aic noi undci ilc
coniiol ol any sciipiuial oi scciaiian injunciions. Tlcii aciiviiics cmanaic liom
compassion, and ilcii lnowlcdgc is naiuially puic. Tlcy aic bcyond ilc dualiiics
ol piciy and impiciy oi icligion and iiicligion. Tlcy always icmain siiuaicd in ilc
scll, and ilcy always scc Vailunila, cvcn ilougl ilcy may icsidc in a maiciial
body.
Oidinaiy pcoplc do noi givc ilcm mucl icspcci, bccausc hanístna and maányama-
aáníharis aic unablc io undcisiand ilcii qualilicaiion and ilus ciiiicizc ilcm. Tlcy
pcilccily undcisiand ilc puipoii ol ilc sciipiuics, and accoiding io ilc siiuaiion
ilcy somciimcs aci coniiaiy io ilosc injunciions. Sccing ilis, asslilc pcoplc may
call ilcm misbclavcd. Scciaiian pcoplc wlo scc ilai ilcy aic noi dccoiaicd wiil
ilc signs ol a scci concludc ilai ilcy aic iiicligious. Logicians wlo scc ilcii loving
dcalings may considci ilosc dcalings unicasonablc. Diy icnunciaics wlo scc ilcii
plysical and lamily cndcavois may misialcnly considci ilcm as aiiaclcd io ilcii
lousc oi body. Pcisons aiiaclcd io maiciial cnjoymcni wlo scc ilcii dciaclmcni
liom woil may suspcci ilai ilcy aic incllicicni. jnanis wlo scc ilcii indillcicncc
iowaids impcisonalism may considci ilcm unicasonablc. Maiciialisis may
considci ilcm mad. lui aciually ilcy aic lully indcpcndcni and spiiiiually
siiuaicd. Ioi all sucl pcoplc ilc prcma-bnahtas aic aimlcss and incompiclcnsiblc.
Alilougl ilc cxalicd prcma-bnahtas dcvoiional scivicc somciimcs icscmblcs
liuiiivc aciiviiics, ii is ncvci aciually iingcd wiil laima, bccausc wlaicvci
aciiviiics ilcy pciloim aic only mcani loi ilcii libciaiion liom liuiiivc aciiviiics,
noi cnianglcmcni. Alilougl ilcii dcvoiional scivicc somciimcs icscmblcs
spcculaiivc lnowlcdgc, ii is ncvci aciually iingcd wiil jnana, bccausc ilcii puic
lnowlcdgc is noi polluicd wiil ilc diii ol impcisonalism oi voidism. Alilougl
lnowlcdgc and icnunciaiion is ilcii wcalil, ilcy do noi considci ilcsc paii ol
ilcii dcvoiional scivicc, bccausc ii las bccn concludcd ilai bnahtí is dillcicni liom
lnowlcdgc and icnunciaiion.
Tlc swanlilc prcma-bnahtas aic woislipablc cxamplcs loi all dcvoiccs cvcn
ilougl ilcy aci lilc a laimci amongsi laimcis, a busincssman amongsi
busincssmcn, a scivani amongsi scivanis, a gcncial amongsi soldicis, a lusband
wiil lis wilc, a paicni wiil lis clild, a wilc wiil lci lusband, a clild wiil iis
paicnis, a bioilci wiil lis bioilcis, a clasiisci wiil ilc ciiminals, a ling wiil lis
subjccis, a subjcci wiil lis ling, a ilouglilul pcison amongsi ilc lcaincd, a
docioi wiil lis paiicni, oi a paiicni wiil lis docioi. ly ilc mcicy ol ilc puic
dcvoiccs, wc aic consianily dcsiiing wiil undcviaiing aiicniion ilc slclici ol ilc
loius lcci ol ilc divinc couplc, wlo is ilcii only wcalil. O prcma-bnahta
manajanas! Plcasc slowci ilc iain ol youi mcicy, in ilc loim ol youi associaiion,
and moisicn oui laid lcaii, wlicl is aiiaclcd io aigumcni and ciuslcd by
maiciial cnjoymcni. Lci ilc wondcilul iiansccndcnial iiuil ol ilc divinc couplc,
wlo aic ilc Absoluic Tiuil wiiloui sccond, bc icllccicd in oui puiilicd and
mclicd lcaii.
om narí
siï lisnaipanam asiu
cnd ol conclusion
Appendixes
Appendix A
Pufana
1nc joIIovíng cssay vas príntcá ín tnc january 1932 cáítíon oj
1nc Harmoníst, or Srcc Sajjanatosnaní.
Tlc liisi aci ol Ncw-boin Inlani Kiislna iccoidcd by ilc llagabaiam is ilc slaying
ol ilc dcmoncss Puiana.
Tlc dcmoncss Puiana was dcpuicd by King Kansa io lill all ilc ncw-boin babics
ol ilc icalm ol liaja wlcic lc was inloimcd by ilc Divinc sagc Naiada ilai lis
would-bc slayci lad bccn icccnily boin. Mcanwlilc Slicc Kiislna lad bccn boin
in Kansa's piison and lad bccn convcycd by His lailci Vasudcb io ilc lousc ol
His losici paicnis Nanda and Yasoda in liaja duiing ilc nigli ol His advcni. Tlc
guaids ol ilc piison lad lailcd io dcicci ilc movcmcnis ol Vasudcb wlo lad
iciuincd io lis piison wiil ilc ncw-boin dauglici ol Yasoda wiil wlom lc lad
cxclangcd His own loy wiiloui ilc lnowlcdgc ol Yasoda lciscll. Vasudcb lad
caiiicd Kiislna in lis aims acioss ilc lloodcd Yamuna laslcd inio luiy by ilc
icmpcsiuous wcailci ol ilai moon-lcss nigli. Hc lad wadcd on looi ilc dccp
waicis wlicl lad bccn iuincd inio yawning wliilpools by ilc luiy ol ilc icmpcsi.
Tlc iion clains, bolis and locls ol ilc baiicd gaics ol ilc piison lad opcncd ol
ilcii own accoid on ilc appioacl ol Vasudcb caiiying Kiislna io ilc lomc ol His
losici paicnis. Tlc dauglici ol Yasoda was ilcicupon duly icpoiicd io King Kansa
as ilc ncw-boin dicadcd ciglil issuc ol Dcvali. Tlc King iuslcd inio ilc piison-
ccll on icccipi ol ilc iidings loi wlicl lc lad bccn waiiing iliougl long ycais ol
slccplcss niglis. Hc was ai liisi willing io spaic ilc lilc ol ilc baby as ilc pioplccy
was io ilc cllcci ilai lc would bc lillcd by a malc-clild, ciglil issuc ol Vasudcb
and Dcvali. lui lc ilougli ol bcing iclicvcd ol all possiblc doubis on ilc poini by
puiiing io dcail ilc ncw-boin giil. As, lowcvci, King Kansa was on ilc poini ol
dasling ilc baby on ilc blocl slc cscapcd liom ilc giip ol ilc King and disclosing
lciscll as ilc Dcluding Lncigy ol Godlcad as slc icmaincd visiblc loi a sloii iimc
in mid-sly, assuicd ilc King ol ilc cciiainiy ol ilc biiil ol lis luiuic slayci bui
dissuading lim liom ilc liuiilcss aiicmpi ol avoiding lis laic by ilc ciucl muidci
ol innoccni inlanis. Saying ilis Malamaya disappcaicd liom ilc vicw ol ilc
asioundcd King. Kansa was subscqucnily inloimcd by ilc sagc Naiada ilai lis
luiuic slayci musi lavc bccn boin among ilc dcnizcns ol liaja and ilai il lc was
mindlul ol lis salciy lc slould losc no iimc in ialing diasiic mcasuics loi nipping
ilc dangci in ilc bud. Tlis advicc was iclislcd by ilc blood-iliisiy cowaid and lc
lad accoidingly dcpuicd ilc dcmoncss Puiana io lill by an unsuspccicd pioccss
all ilc ncw-boin inlanis ol ilc suiiounding couniiy.
Tlc dcmoncss Puiana accoidingly madc lci appcaiancc in liaja and picscnicd
lciscll in ilc lomc ol Yasoda duiing ilc abscncc ol Nanda wlo was ilcn in
Mailuia io pay ilc iiibuic duc liom lim io King Kansa. Tlc dcmoncss lad
assumcd ilc loim ol a mosi bcauiilul maiion wiil a mosi bcnignani aspcci as slc
appioaclcd ilc coucl wlcic Inlani Kiislna lad bccn pui io slccp by Yasoda.
Yasoda lad noiiccd ilc unlnown lcmalc as slc cnicicd ilc lousc, bui did noi
suspcci any loul play. Slc accoidingly waiclcd ilc ncw-comci wiiloui any
anxiciy as slc madc lci way io ilc coucl ol ilc laby, iool Him up in lci aims
and ollcicd lci bicasi io ilc Inlani io givc Him sucl. lui ilc nipplcs ol Puiana's
bicasi lad bccn iippcd wiil ilc dcadlicsi poison.
Tlc Inlani Kiislna was awaic ol ilc inicniion ol ilc dcmoncss and iool lold ol
ilc bicasi ol ilc monsici wiil His supplc Aims. Tlc giip ol ilc Inlani was so
iciiibly scvcic ilai ii was cnougl io diivc ilc dcmoncss io dcspaii ol lci lilc as
slc was convulscd by ilc moiial agony ol ilc picssuic ol Kiislna's liiilc Hands.
Tlc Inlani ilcn applicd His lips io ilc bicasi ol Puiana and suclcd away lci lilc in
an insiani. Tlc iciiiblc monsici bcllowing wiil pain was compcllcd io disclosc lci
own lugc, loailsomc dcmoniac loim as slc lcll lilclcss on ilc giound covciing
wiil lci lidcous caicass a long disiancc wiil Inlani Kiislna siill clinging io lci
poisoncd nipplcs.
Accoidingly ilc liisi aci ol ilc millmaids, wlo wiil Yasoda iuslcd io ilc spoi,
was io snaicl ilc Inlani Kiislna liom ilc bicasi ol ilc iciiiblc dcmoncss. Tlcn
ilcy all maivclcd low ilc laby could cscapc unluii liom ilc cluiclcs ol ilc
dcmoncss. Tlcy aiiiibuicd ilc salciy ol ilc Inlani io ilc mcicy ol ilc gods wlo
aic spccially lind io ilc lclplcss. Tlc alliiglicd millmaids involcd ilc lclp ol all
ilc gods and goddcsscs loi ilcii coniinucd pioicciion ol ilc Inlani.
Mcanwlilc, Puiana was savcd by lci scivicc io Kiislna loi laving ollcicd Him ilc
sucl ol lci poisoncd bicasi. Tlc auiloi ol ilc llagabaiam is caiclul io mcniion
ilai ilc good loiiunc ol ilc dcmoncss cqualcd ilai ol Yasoda in as mucl as lci
bicasi lad bccn suclcd by Kiislna. Puiana, ilcicloic, aiiaincd io ilc cicinal siaius
ol ilc losici-moilcis ol ilc Supicmc Loid in ilc Rcalm ol ilc Absoluic.
Tlc abovc naiiaiivc ol ilc llagabaiam cmbodics a mosi impoiiani moial loi ilc
scclcis ol ilc Absoluic. lui bcloic ollciing ilc inicipiciaiions ol ilc icxis lavoicd
by ilc loimci Aclaiyyas I would lilc io diaw ilc aiicniion ol ilc icadci io cciiain
possiblc misconccpiions icgaiding ilc naiuic ol ilc inicipiciaiions aboui io bc
ollcicd.
Tlcic is a class ol pcisons wlo insisi on ilc icxis bcing ialcn in ilcii liicial
woildly scnsc. Mucl ingcnuiiy las bccn cxpcndcd loi cxiiaciing mcanings ilai
may bc saiislacioiy io ilc cmpiiic judgmcni ol ilc inicipicicis woiling by ilis
liicial mcilod. Tlcii aigumcni is noi uniniclligiblc. As ilc icvcalcd liiciaiuics aic
io bc icgaidcd as coniaining ilc inloimaiion ol ilc Absoluic ilc languagc slould
bc icgaidcd as paii and paiccl ol ilc mcaning ol ilc icxi. Iiom ilis conclusion ilc
liicial inicipicicis jump io ilc wiong inlcicncc ilai ii slould bc possiblc loi ilc
condiiioncd soul io ascciiain ilc ical mcaning ol ilc sciipiuics by siicling io ilc
lcxicogiaplical scnsc ol ilcii aciual woidings. Tlis laiici paii ol ilc aigumcni is
inapplicablc io ilc subjcci wlicl is iiansccndcnial. Tlc woids posscss a doublc
mcaning. Tlc lcxicogiaplic mcaning iclcis io ilc cniiiics ol ilis woild and is,
ilcicloic, inapplicablc io ilc casc. Tlc csoiciic mcaning is noi acccssiblc io ilc
gioss scnscs and mind ol ilc condiiioncd soul. Tlis is ilc gicai and insupciablc
dilliculiy. Tlc liicial inicipicicis wlo lollow ilc lcxicogiaplical mcaning ol ilc
woids cii giicvously in ovcilooling ilis all-impoiiani considciaiion.
Tlc iiansccndcnial mcaning ol ilc woids cannoi bc convcycd io ilc scnscs ol ilc
condiiioncd soul so long as lc docs noi agicc io lollow ilc mcilod ol submissivc
lisicning io ilc iiansccndcnial sound appcaiing on ilc lips ol ilc puic dcvoicc.
Tlcic is a dcliniic linc ol succcssion ol ilc bonalidc icaclcis ol ilc iiuil. Tlc
bonalidc icaclci slould bc availablc soonci oi laici io ilc ical scclci ol ilc Tiuil.
Tlc bonalidc Aclaiyya is noi iccognizablc by ilc lypociiics and ailcisis wlo do
noi ically wani io scivc Godlcad. So long ilcicloic, as ilc bonalidc icaclci docs
noi manilcsi lis appcaiancc io ilc puic cogniiivc csscncc ol ilc scclci ol ilc
Absoluic Tiuil ii is ncccssaiy loi ilc candidaic loi spiiiiual cnliglicnmcni io
conccniiaic on scll-cxaminaiion io bc ablc io avoid laiboiing any luiling iiaccs ol
insincciiiy. Tlc woids ol ilc saánu aic also availablc, by lis causclcss mcicy, loi
bcaiing ilc clloiis ol sucl candidaics, loi linding oui ilcii own insincciiiy.
Ii is by ovcilooling oi dclibciaicly ncglcciing io undcigo ilis picliminaiy iiaining
loi obiaining acccss io ilc iiansccndcnial mcaning ol all woids ilai ilc liicial
inicipiciaiionisis wlo lollow ilc oidinaiy lcxicogiaplical mcaning ol ilc woids ol
ilc sciipiuics lail io undcisiand ilc ncccssiiy ol ncvci dcviaiing liom ilc
inicipiciaiions ollcicd by ilc scll-icalizcd souls io wlom ilc iiansccndcnial
mcaning ol ilc woids is availablc. Tlosc cmpiiicisis wlo, wlilc lollowing ilc
lcxicogiaplical and syniaciical mcilod ol ilc liicial inicipiciaiionisis, do noi
sciuplc io icad ilcii own mcanings inio ilc icxis undci ilc impicssion ilai ilc
sciipiuics and ilc pioducis ol ilc luman biain liablc io cvciy loim ol ciioi and,
ilcicloic, lii io bc coiiccicd by ilc cqually ciiing capiiccs ol oilci lypoilciical
ilinlcis on ilc giound ol allcgaiions ol ciioi ilai cannoi bc piovcd, aic disposcd
io ilinl ilai ilc inicipiciaiions ollcicd by ilc Aclaiyya aic noi sciupulously
laiillul io ilc icxis and ollci allcgoiical cxplanaiions loi suppoiiing ilcii own
scciaiian vicws.
Tlcsc possiblc misundcisiandings aic siaicd io inviic ilc aiicniion ol ilc icadci io
ilcii bcaiing on ilc lollowing inicipiciaiion ol ilc naiiaiivc ol Puiana bascd on
ilc cxposiiion ol ilc loimci Aclaiyyas lcaid liom ilc lips ol ilc bonalidc icaclci
ol ilc Absoluic. Tlc inicipiciaiion is noi ollcicd as a liicial lcxicogiaplical
cxplanaiion noi as an allcgoiy concocicd in ilc ligli ol cmpiiic lnowlcdgc ol ilc
pasi lisioiy ol ilc iacc and may accoidingly bc acccpicd as sucl.
Slicc Kiislna manilcsis His Licinal biiil in ilc puic cogniiivc csscncc ol ilc
sciving soul wlo is locaicd abovc all mundanc limiiaiions. King Kansa is ilc
iypical aggicssivc cmpiiicisi. Hc is cvci on ilc lool-oui loi ilc Appcaiancc ol ilc
Tiuil loi ilc puiposc ol suppicssing Him bcloic Hc las iimc io giow up. Tlis is
no cxaggciaiion ol ilc ical connoiaiion ol ilc consisicni cmpiiic posiiion. Tlc
maiciialisi las a naiuial icpugnancc loi ilc iiansccndcnial. Hc is disposcd io ilinl
ilai laiil in ilc incompiclcnsiblc is ilc paicni ol dogmaiism and lypociisy undci
ilc guisc ol icligion. Hc is also cqually undci ilc dclusion ilai ilcic is and can bc
no ically dividing linc bciwccn ilc maiciial and ilc spiiiiual. Hc is siicngilcncd in
lis dclusion by ilc inicipiciaiion ol ilc sciipiuics by pcisons wlo aic lilc-mindcd
wiil limscll. Tlis includcd all ilc lcxicogiaplic inicipicicis. Tlc lcxicogiaplical
inicipiciaiion is uplcld by Kansa as ilc ical scicniilic cxplanaiion ol ilc
Sciipiuics and onc ilai is pcilccily in lccping wiil lis dicad ol and avcision ol
ilc iiansccndcnial. Tlcsc lcxicogiaplical inicipicicis aic cmploycd by Kansa in
puiiing down ilc liisi suspccicd appcaiancc ol any gcnuinc laiil in ilc
iiansccndcnial.
King Kansa lnows vciy wcll ilai il ilc laiil in ilc iiansccndcnial is oncc allowcd
io giow ii is suic io upsci all lis cmpiiic piospccis. Tlcic is lisioiical giound loi
sucl misgiving. Accoidingly il ilc cmpiiic dominaiion is io bc picscivcd iniaci ii
would bc ncccssaiy noi io losc a momcni io pui down ilc iiansccndcnial lcicsy
ilc insiani ii ilicaicns io malc iis appcaiancc in iigli caincsi. King Kansa aciing
on ilis iiadiiional lcai is ncvci slow io ialc ilc scicniilic piccauiion ol dcbuiing
cmpiiic icaclcis ol ilc sciipiuics baclcd by ilc icsouiccs ol Diciionaiy and
Giammai and all cmpiiic subilciics io pui down, by ilc slow ol spacious
aigumcnis bascd on lypoilciical piinciplcs, ilc iiuc inicipiciaiion ol ilc cicinal
icligion icvcalcd by ilc sciipiuics. Kansa is siiongly pcisuadcd ilai ilc laiil in ilc
iiansccndcnial can bc cllcciivcly pui down by cmpiiicism il piompi and dccisivc
mcasuics aic adopicd ai ilc vciy ouisci. Hc aiiiibuics ilc lailuics ol ailcism in ilc
pasi io ilc ncglcci ol ilc adopiion ol sucl mcasuics bcloic ilc ilcisiic lallacy las
iimc io spicad among ilc lanaiical masscs.
lui Kansa is lound io couni wiiloui lis losi. Wlcn Kiislna is boin Hc is lound
io bc ablc io upsci all sinisici dcsigns againsi ilosc wlo aic appiiscd by Himscll ol
His Advcni. Tlc appaicnily causclcss laiil displaycd by pcisons iiicspcciivc ol agc,
scx and condiiion may conlound all iabid cmpiiicisis wlo aic on piinciplc avcisc
io ilc Absoluic Tiuil Wlosc Appcaiancc is uiicily incompaiiblc wiil ilc
dominaiion ol cmpiiicism. lui no advcisc clloiis ol ilc cmpiiicisis, wlosc iulc
sccms iill ilcn io bc pcilccily wcll-csiablislcd ovci ilc minds ol ilc dcludcd souls
ol ilis woild, can dissuadc any pcison liom cxclusivcly lollowing ilc Tiuil wlcn
Hc aciually manilcsis His biiil in ilc puic cogniiivc csscncc ol His soul.
Puiana is ilc slayci ol all inlanis. Tlc baby, wlcn lc oi slc comcs oui ol ilc
moilci's womb, lalls ai oncc inio ilc cluiclcs ol ilc pscudo-icaclcis ol icligion.
Tlcsc icaclci aic succcsslul in loicsialling ilc aiicmpis ol ilc good picccpioi
wlosc lclp is ncvci sougli by ilc ailcisis ol ilis woild ai ilc bapiisms ol ilcii
clildicn. Tlis is cnsuicd by ilc aiiangcmcnis ol all ilc csiablislcd cluiclcs ol ilc
woild. Tlcy lavc bccn succcsslul only in supplying waicllul Puianas loi cllcciing
ilc spiiiiual dcsiiuciion ol pcisons liom ilc momcni ol ilcii biiil wiil ilc co-
opciaiion ol ilcii woildly paicnis. No luman coniiivancc can picvcni ilcsc
Puianas liom obiaining posscssion ol ilc pulpiis. Tlis is duc io ilc gcncial
picvalcncc ol ailcisiic disposiiion in ilc pcoplc ol ilis woild. Tlc cluicl ilai las
ilc bcsi clancc ol suivival in ilis damncd woild is ilai ol ailcism undci ilc
convcnicni guisc ol ilcism. Tlc cluiclcs lavc always piovcd ilc siaunclcsi
uploldcis ol ilc giosscsi loims ol woildlincss liom wlicl cvcn ilc woisi ol non-
ccclcsiasiical ciiminals aic lound io iccoil.
Ii is noi liom any dclibciaic opposiiion io ilc oidaincd clcigy ilai ilcsc
obscivaiions aic madc. Tlc oiiginal puiposc ol ilc csiablislcd cluiclcs ol ilc
woild may noi bc always objcciionablc. lui no siablc icligious aiiangcmcni loi
insiiuciing ilc masscs las yci bccn succcsslul. Tlc supicmc Loid Slicc Kiislna
Claiianya in puisuancc ol ilc icacling ol ilc sciipiuics cnjoins all abscncc ol
convcniionalism loi ilc icaclcis ol ilc cicinal icligion. Ii docs noi lollow ilai ilc
mcclanical adopiion ol ilc unconvcniional lilc by any pcison will malc lim a lii
icaclci ol icligion. Rcgulaiion is ncccssaiy loi coniiolling ilc inlcicni woildlincss
ol condiiioncd souls. lui no mcclanical icgulaiion las any valuc cvcn loi sucl a
puiposc. Tlc bonalidc icaclci ol ilc icligion is nciilci any pioduci noi ilc
lavoici ol any mcclanical sysicm. In lis lands no sysicm las lilcwisc ilc clancc
ol dcgcnciaiing inio a lilclcss aiiangcmcni. Tlc mcic puisuii ol lixcd dociiincs
and lixcd liiuigics cannoi lold a pcison io ilc iiuc spiiii ol dociiinc oi liiuigy.
Tlc idca ol an oiganizcd cluicl in an iniclligiblc loim, indccd, mails ilc closc ol
ilc living spiiiiual movcmcni. Tlc gicai ccclcsiasiical csiablislmcnis aic ilc dylcs
and ilc dams io iciain ilc cuiicni ilai cannoi bc lcld by any sucl coniiivanccs.
Tlcy, indccd, indicaic a dcsiic on ilc paii ol ilc masscs io cxploii a spiiiiual
movcmcni loi ilcii own puiposc. Tlcy also unmisialably indicaic ilc cnd ol ilc
absoluic and unconvcniional guidancc ol ilc bonalidc spiiiiual icaclci. Tlc
pcoplc ol ilis woild undcisiand picvcniivc sysicms, ilcy can lavc no idca ol ilc
unpicvcnicd posiiivc cicinal lilc. Nciilci can ilcic bc any caiilly coniiivancc loi
ilc pcimancni picscivaiion ol ilc lilc cicinal on ilis mundanc planc on ilc
populai scalc.
Tlosc aic, ilcicloic, gicaily misialcn wlo aic disposcd io lool loiwaid io ilc
amclioiaiion ol ilc woildly siaic in any woildly scnsc liom ilc woildly succcss ol
any ically spiiiiual movcmcni. Ii is ilcsc woildly cxpccianis wlo bccomc ilc
paiions ol ilc misclicvous iacc ol ilc pscudo-icaclcis ol icligion, ilc Puianas,
wlosc congcnial lunciion is io siillc ilc ilcisiic disposiiion ai ilc vciy momcni ol
iis suspccicd appcaiancc. lui ilc ical ilcisiic disposiiion can ncvci bc siillcd cvcn
by ilc clloiis ol ilosc Puianas. Tlc Puianas lavc powci only ovci ilc ailcisis. Ii is
a ilanllcss bui saluiaiy iasl wlicl ilcy pciloim loi ilc bcnclii ol ilcii willing
viciims.
lui as soon as ilc ilcisiic disposiiion piopci malcs iis appcaiancc in ilc puic
cogniiivc csscncc ol ilc awalcncd soul ilc Puianas aic dccisivcly silcnccd ai ilc
vciy cailicsi siagc ol ilcii cncounici wiil Ncw-boin Kiislna. Tlc would-bc slayci
is lciscll slain. Tlis is ilc icwaid ol ilc ncgaiivc sciviccs ilai ilc Puianas
unwiiiingly icndci io ilc causc ol ilcism by siiangling all lypociiiical
dcmonsiiaiions againsi ilcii own lypociisy. lui Puiana docs noi ai all lilc io
icccivc lci icwaid in ilc only loim wlicl involvcs ilc ioial dcsiiuciion ol lci
wiong pcisonaliiy. King Kansa also docs noi lilc io losc ilc scivicc ol ilc mosi
iiusicd ol lis agcnis. Tlc cllcciivc silcncing ol ilc wlolc iacc ol ilc pscudo-
icaclcis ol icligion is ilc vciy liisi clcai indicaiion ol ilc Appcaiancc ol ilc
Absoluic on ilc mundanc planc. Tlc bonalidc icaclci ol ilc Absoluic lcialds ilc
Advcni ol Kiislna by lis uncompiomising campaign againsi ilc pscudo-icaclcis
ol icligion.
Appendix B
Bafsasur
1nc joIIovíng cssay vas príntcá ín tnc Icbruary 1932 cáítíon oj
1nc Harmoníst, or Srcc Sajjanatosnaní.
laisasui is onc ol ilc dcmons slain by ilc loy-Kiislna. Hc icpicscnis cvils ilai aic
pcculiai io boylood. Tlc ncoplyic is cxiicmcly susccpiiblc io sucl cvils. Tlcy
cannoi bc goi iid ol cxccpi by ilc Mcicy ol Kiislna. Il onc cngagcs in ilc scivicc
ol Kiislna ilc juvcnilc viccs aic complcicly ciadicaicd ai an caily siagc.
Tlcic is an Lnglisl piovcib ilai sowing ol wild oais is incviiablc ai a young agc.
Tlc icim Puiiianism' was oiiginally coincd io cxpicss ilc pioicsi ol boys and
young mcn againsi any unduc cuiiailmcni ol ilc scopc ol cnjoymcni ilai slould
bc icgaidcd as pcimissiblc io ilcm. loys and young mcn claim ilc iigli io bc
mciiy and liolicsomc. Tlcic is noiling objcciionablc and mucl ilai is ol posiiivc
valuc in ilc display ol ilcsc juvcnilc qualiiics. Il ilc aiicmpi bc madc io siillc ilis
innoccni play ol ilc boyisl naiuic undci ilc impicssion ilai ii is an cxlibiiion ol
scnsuousncss and loi ilai icason, as bcing as laimlul as similai conduci on ilc
paii ol giown-up pcisons, ilc icsuli is noi assuiancc bui discouiagcmcni, ol
juvcnilc innoccncc.
Tlcic aic, indccd, blacl slccp and ilcsc slould noi bc allowcd io iaini ilc wlolc
llocl, loi ilis puiposc caicialcis wiil lull scnsc ol ilcii dclicaic icsponsibiliiy aic
icquiicd io lccp waicl ovci ilcm loi cnsuiing ilc innoccncc ol boy-lood and
youil wiiloui lilling ilcii joys. lui wiil cvciy piccauiion ii las bccn lound
impossiblc io aiiain ilis doublc puiposc.
Tlc Sciipiuics say ilai ii is noi in ilc powci ol man io cnsuic ilc immuniiy ol
boys and giils liom ilc bligli ol piccocious scnsuousncss cxccpi by mcans ol ilc
scivicc ol Kiislna. Tlis is dcclaicd io bc ilc only cllcciivc and naiuial mcilod. Lci
ilc boys bc cxposcd io ilc aiiiaciion ol ilc Cow-loy ol liaja. Tlcy will soon lcain
io picl up His Company. Tlcy will casily icalizc ilai ilc loy-Kiislna can alonc
savc ilcm liom cvciy loim ol dangci io wlicl ilcy aic cxposcd by ilc iigli' ol
ilcii juvcnilc naiuic.
Wly slould ilis bc so' Tlcic is a vciy simplc icason. Kiislna docs noi limii His
scivicc only io ilc middlc-agcd and old pcoplc. Tlc Puiiianic idcal ol Godlcad is
a conccpiion wlicl owcs iis oiigin io pcisons wlo aic cldcily alilougl loncsily
cnougl anxious io csiablisl ilc Kingdom ol God' on ilis caiil. lui il you sciaicl
ilc ilin coaiing on ilc suilacc ol ilcii sagc and sobci sclcmc as bcliiiing ilcii agc
you only dcicci ilc ioiicn aiiangcmcni loi sccuiing ilc maximum ol scnsuous
cnjoymcni cvcn loi ilosc vciy clildicn wlo aic io bc biougli up in ilis viiiuous'
way. Il ilc clild is allowcd io spoil lis lcalil in boylood, ilinl ilcsc iiglicous
pcoplc, lc will noi bc in a posiiion laici on io cnjoy ilc lcgiiimaic plcasuics ol ilc
giown-up man. Unlcss ilc young man lusbands lis icsouiccs ol scnsc-capaciiy lc
will also bc a viciim io picmaiuic old agc. Ii is a policy ol cxpcdicncy ol
posiponing a small picscni cnjoymcni loi icaping a mucl laigci mcasuic ol ii
iliougl ilc long iiacis ol ilc ycais io comc.
Tlc spuiious lialmaclaiya idcal as misconccivcd by iis woildly suppoiicis
cmbodics ilis Puiiianic ouilool. Tlc Sciipiuics, indccd, cnjoin ilai cvciy onc
slould scivc Godlcad liom ilc womb. Tlis is ilc ical mcaning ol lialmaclaiya.
Tlc ascciic piaciiccs ilai lavc comc io aiiacl ilcmsclvcs io ilc conccpiion wcic
inicipolaicd inio ilc Sciipiuics in oidci io cnsuic woildly valucs by ilis loim ol
ilc cmpiiic mcilod. Tlc sclcmc icquiics ilai ilc laws ol ilc giowil ol ilc
plysical and mcnial bodics slould bc obscivcd and lollowcd. Naiuic is icgaidcd as
ilc lind moilci wlo lavois only ilosc ol lci clildicn wlo culiivaic ilc lilial
labii ol piying inio lci sccicis. Naiuic is supposcd io bc unablc io avoid divulging
lci sccicis io lci inquisiiivc clildicn alilougl slc is wcll awaic ilai lci clildicn
will cxploii ilis lnowlcdgc loi iioubling lciscll by laincssing lci io ilcii scivicc.
In oilci woids ii is also assumcd io bc ilc duiy ol ilc lind moilci io conscni io
pui lciscll in clains in oidci io minisici io ilc scnsuous appciiics ol lci woiilici
clildicn. Naiuic is assumcd io bc ablc io do good io lci clildicn only by
submiiiing io bc ilc viciim ol ilcii lusi.
Tlc piaciiccs ol ascciicism aic ically conccivcd in ilc cpicuiian spiiii. Tlc ascciic
dicams ol obiaining ilc masiciy ovci Naiuic by ilc mcilod ol coniiolling lis
scnscs. Il ilc scnscs giow callous io ilc icmpiaiions ol ilc woild ilc ascciic ilinls
ilai lc will lavc lcss clancc ol lalling inio ilc powci ol Naiuic. Hc las an idca
ilai wlcn lc will lavc pcilccicd ilcsc dclcnsivc aiiangcmcnis lc will lavc
bccomc ilc ical masici ol ilc siiuaiion. Tlc lialmaclaiin, accoiding io ilc
ascciic poini ol vicw, is io pass iliougl a pciiod ol iiaining in scvcic absiincncc
wiil lis guiu in oidci io bc liiicd io disclaigc ilc duiics ol ciiizcnslip, wlicl will
malc a gicai dcmand on lis ncivcs and musclcs wiil gicaici iloiouglncss. Tlcic
is no iclcicncc io ilc scivicc ol Godlcad oi io any spiiiiual issuc.
Wc lavc lad many occasions io cxplain ilai ilc spiiiiual is iiansccndcnial. No
mundanc considciaiion can loim any paii ol spiiiiual iiaining oi conduci. Ii is noi
a spiiiiual allaii io bc cvcn ablc io coniiol onc's cainal dcsiics. Sucl scll-coniiol
iiscll is, indccd, auiomaiically pioduccd by ilc awalcning ol ilc soul. lui scll-
coniiol iiscll is noi ilcicloic a lunciion ol ilc soul. Tlc soul las noiling io do
wiil ilc scnscs. Tlc soul dcsiics nciilci scnsualiiy noi scxual puiiiy. Tlc soul is
noi a mcic moial bcing. Il lialmaclaiya mcans a mcilod ol gaining moial powci
ii is wlolly a mundanc allaii and is as sucl noi only ol no conccin io ilc soul bui
is posiiivcly obsiiuciivc ol spiiiiual wcll-bcing.
Tlis is bound io bc so bccausc ilc poini ol vicw ol ilc soul is all-cmbiacing. Tlc
soul icjccis noiling. Hc icgaids noiling as icdundani oi usclcss. Tlc soul las a
usc loi cvciyiling. lui ilc soul sccs cvciyiling as ii is ically iclaicd io limscll and
io oilci cniiiics. Tlcic is, ilcicloic, no ioom loi ilc icmpoiaiy iypc ol moialiiy in
lis iclaiionslips wiil ilc oilci cniiiics. Lvciyiling is absoluicly good on ilc
planc ol ilc soul. Tlc sciipiuial lialmaclaiya insiiiuiion accoidingly mcans
scivicc ol ilc lialman i.c. ilc Rcaliiy Wlo is always ilc Gicai and always ilc
Hclp. Tlc scivani ol ilc Absoluic is licc liom all dclusion.
Moialiiy is a valucd commodiiy only on ilc planc ol dclusion. lui ii las no locus
siandi on ilc planc wlcic ilc condiiions ol cxisicncc aic pcilcci.
Till ilc scivicc ol Godlcad is icalizcd ii is impossiblc io bc ically moial in ilc
scnsc ol bcing nccdlcssly and pcilccily viiiuous. Il a pcison is causclcssly viiiuous
in ilc woildly scnsc lc oi slc will bc a subjcci ol casy cxploiiaiion loi all ilc
cunning iascals ol ilis woild. Tlis is so bccausc moialiiy as conccivcd by ilc
cmpiiicisi, las a iclcicncc io ilc plysical body and ilc clangcablc mind and is,
ilcicloic, liablc io clangc so long as ilc condiiions aic noi iadically alicicd.
Tlc cmpiiic coniiivci ol juvcnilc wcllaic siiivcs io pioducc condiiions ilai will
lavoi ilc giowil and coniinuancc ol ilc cmpiiic moial apiiiudc. Tlcsc aiiilicial
condiiions aic conlidcnily cnougl cxpccicd io bc lilcly io piovc ol pcimancni
bcnclii io ilosc young pcisons wlo aic biougli up undci ilosc impioviscd
condiiions. lui ilc biand ol moialiiy ilai las io bc pioduccd by ilc aiiilicial
manipulaiion ol ilc naiuial cnviionmcni is lilcly io piovc ol liiilc valuc wlcn ilc
piops aic wiildiawn. Tlc analogy ol nccdcd pioicciion loi ilc giowil ol dclicaic
planis docs noi apply as sucl planis aic always cxoiciics. Hoi-lousc moialiiy is
ilus a misnomci and a dclusion in iclaiion io ilc soul.
lialmaclaiya lully cmbodics ilc subsianiivc idcal ol spiiiiual puiiiy disioiicdly
icllccicd in ilc cmpiiic cilical conccpiion. lialmaclaiya mcans scivicc ol ilc
Absoluic. Juvcnilc innoccncc is noi ilc monopoly ol young pcisons, any moic
ilan juvcnilc naugliincss. Tlcy aic ilc animal cniiiics coiicsponding io
analogous spiiiiual qualiiics. Tlc spiiiiual aciiviiics aic pcilccily wlolcsomc. Tlcy
includc all valuc and laimonizc all disiupiivc conllici boil ol wlicl aic so uiicily
waniing in ilcii mundanc pcivcii icllcciions io bc lound in ilis woild.
Ii is noi io bc supposcd ilai cvciyiling is donc by Kiislna and ilcic is noiling io
bc donc by ouisclvcs in any maiici. As a maiici ol laci ilcic is a division ol paiis
io bc playcd in lunciions ilai iclaic cvcn io ouisclvcs, as bciwccn us and Kiislna.
Cciiain duiics aic alloiicd io us. Cciiain oilci lunciions aic icscivcd io Kiislna.
laisasui cannoi bc lillcd by us. Hc is ioo siiong loi us. Tlis is in lccping wiil ilc
cxpciicncc ol mosi cducaiionisis. Juvcnilc innoccncc is a ncccssiiy loi boil young
and old. Onc cannoi acquiic ii by any aiiilicial pioccss. No pcison can also
oidinaiily iciain ii alici boylood and youil. Tlis is a ical iiagcdy ol luman lilc.
Juvcnilc innoccncc is dcsiicd on accouni ol iis cnjoyabiliiy. lui ii slould piopcily
bc dcsiicd only loi ilc scivicc ol Kiislna. (Tlc paicni can lavc no liglci duiy
ilai io cmploy lis boy in ilc scivicc ol Kiislna by puiiing lim undci ilc piopci
icaclci viz., ilc puic dcvoicc ol Kiislna. No paicni is cniiilcd io undciialc ilc
claigc ol ilc spiiiiual iiaining ol lis own boy. Hc is unliiicd loi ilc iasl by lis
mundanc iclaiionslip. Oncc sucl iclaiionslip is giaspcd io bc an obsiaclc in ilc
way ol juvcnilc iiaining ilc ncccssiiy ol scnding ilc boy ai ilc cailicsi oppoiiuniiy
io ilc piopci icaclci bccomcs scll-cvidcni. Il ilc paicni coniinucs io iciain lis
paicinal inicicsi in ilc boy alici lc las bccn pui io sclool loi ilc abovc puiposc
lc will bc only sianding in ilc way ol lis boy's piogicss. Tlc iiaining is noi loi ilc
boy only bui ii is a iiaining loi lis paicnis as wcll.)
loyisl naugliincss is api io bc ovciloolcd, nay cncouiagcd, undci ilc impicssion
ilai ii is lis naiuic io bc naugliy. Tlis opinion ovcilools ilc all-impoiiani lacioi
ilai ilc iiaining is inicndcd loi ilc wcllaic ol ilc soul ol ilc boy and noi loi ilc
juvcnilc body oi mind. Tlc soul docs noi icquiic io bc iicaicd wiil indulgcncc. Hc
is nciilci young noi old in ilc woildly scnsc. Tlc body and mind ol ilc boy lavc
io bc cmploycd in ilc inicicsi ol ilc soul. loyisl naugliincss and boyisl viiiuc
aic alilc unncccssaiy loi ilc soul. Ii is ncccssaiy loi ilc soul io bc liccd liom
ciilci loim ol woildlincss. Tlc mundanc naiuic ol ilc boy is no lcss a clog io ilc
wlccl ol spiiiiual piogicss ilan ilc aduli naiuic ol ilc giown-up woildling. Tlc
pioccss ol iiaining is idcniical in ilc iwo cascs as ilc soul is nciilci young noi
old.
Mucl iiiaiional piiy is wasicd on boys wlo aic cmploycd liom caily inlancy in ilc
wlolc iimc scivicc ol Kiislna, on cxacily ilc samc icims as giown-up pcisons.
Pcisons wlo allcci mucl lindncss ol disposiiion iowaids juvcnilc liailiics piolcss
io bc unablc io undcisiand wly juvcnilc ollcnscs aic ialcn as sciiously in spiiiiual
iiaining as ilosc ol aduli pcisons.
lui ilc icaclci in claigc ol ilc spiiiiual iiaining ol boys can pciloim lis duiy by
ilcm only as ilc spccial agcni ol Kiislna. Il sucl a icaclci cloosc io conlidc in lis
own dcviccs lc is bound io bc undcccivcd ai cvciy sicp. Wlai lc las ically io do is
io usc ilc boy consianily in ilc scivicc ol Kiislna. Ioi ilis puiposc ii is ncccssaiy
loi ilc icaclci limscll io bc a wlolc iimc scivani ol Kiislna. Ii is only by
absiaining io do anyiling ilai is noi disiinciivcly commandcd by Kiislna oi His
ical agcni viz., ilc Sai-Guiu ilai ilc spiiiiual icaclci ol boys can lopc io bc ol any
lclp io lis pupils.
Tlc so-callcd scicncc ol pcdagogics icquiics io bc iloiouglly ovcilaulcd in oidci
io alloid a licc land io ilc bonalidc dcvoicc ol Kiislna in managing young
pcisons. Tlc picscni aiiangcmcnis bascd on ilc cxpciicncc ol ilis woild and on
ilc lypoilcscs ol an absoluic causal iclaiionslip conncciing cacl plcnomcnon
wiil ilc icsi, by lcaving oui ilc iclcicncc io Kiislna, can only icalizc ilc iiagic
paii ol a quacl liglily adminisiciing all ilc wiong diugs io a paiicni smiiicn wiil
a moiial illncss.
Tlc King ol ailcisis Kansa is always sciiing ilc dcmon laisasui io coiiupi and
dcsiioy ilc boys. Tlc icaclci ol ilc young cmploycd by ilc ailicsiical sociciy is
vciily ilc agcni ol King Kansa. Tlc ailcisi is aliaid lcsi ilc boys aic cmploycd in
ilc scivicc ol Kiislna. Hc is naiuially anxious io picvcni any acquainiancc ol ilc
boys wiil Kiislna. lui il a boy las ically lound Kiislna ilc nclaiious aiicmpis ol
ilc cmpiiic icaclci aic powcilcss io dcsiioy lis innoccncc. Il sucl a icaclci
pciscvcics in ilc liuiilcss aiicmpi lc will ilcicby quiclly biing aboui lis own
uiici moial dcgiadaiion and lis soiiy iiicl will also bc lully cxposcd. lccausc in
ilis casc ii is Kiislna Himscll Wlo opposcs lis wiclcd aciiviiics on bclall ol His
pioicgc.
As a maiici ol laci ilc conccin ol cmpiiic cducaiionisis loi cnsuiing immuniiy ol
boys liom ilc bligliing cllccis ol piccociiy is aliogcilci lypociiiical. Tlc cmpiiic
pcdani only wanis ilc boy io giow a body and mind ilai will cnsuic gicaici and
longci scopc loi ilcii woildly usc. Hc docs noi wani ilai ilc woildly usc ol lis
body and mind slould bc cuiiailcd in any way. In oilci woids lc is on piinciplc
opposcd io ilc cmploymcni ol ilc lcalily body and sound mind loi any spiiiiual
puiposc. lui wly docs lc wani a lcalily body loi lis nasiy puiposc' Is ii only in
oidci io bc ablc io lavc ilc plcasuic ol a moic piolongcd wasiagc and ilc ialc's
piogicss in downiigli caincsi' A siclly body is noi ically laimlul io a pcison wlo
las no liglci objcci in vicw ilan undiluicd scll-giaiilicaiion.
Appendix C
The Serpenf KaIiya
1nc joIIovíng cssay vas príntcá ín tnc May 1932 cáítíon oj
1nc Harmoníst, or Srcc Sajjanatosnaní.
Tlcic is a bcauiilul lalc ol vciy swcci waici in ilc Yamuna wlicl bcais ilc namc
ol Kaliya. Tlis lalc lappcncd io bc inlcsicd by a mosi vcnomous Scipcni liom
wlom ilc lalc dciivcs iis namc. On a cciiain day wlilc ilc cow-boys ol liaja wcic
oui pasiuiing ilcii calvcs on ilc woodcd banls ol ilc Yamuna ilcy lappcncd io
lccl iliisiy and noi lnowing ilai ilc waici ol ilc lalc lad bccn poisoncd by
Kaliya dianl ol iis waici wlicl icsulicd in ilcii insianiancous dcail. On bcing
appiiscd ol ilcii pligli Kiislna camc io ilc spoi and icsioicd ilcm io lilc.
Tlcicalici Kiislna goi down inio ilc lalc wiil ilc inicniion ol spoiiing in iis
waici. Tlis cniagcd ilc lidcous monsici wlo loiilwiil camc oui ol ilc dcpils ol
ilc lalc in ilc company ol lis adlcicnis and lcll upon Kiislna coiling Him up in
ilcii gicai loods loi Kaliya was a ilousand-loodcd Scipcni and lis biood wcic
cqually loimidablc.
Tlus aiiaclcd by Kaliya wiil lis wlolc biood Kiislna appcaicd io laini away
undci ilcii muidcious onslaugli. On sccing Him appaicnily slain by His cncmics
ilc cow-boys and all ilc asscmblcd millmcn lillcd ilc aii wiil ilcii loud
lamcniaiions. lui Kiislna soon slowcd ilai Hc was quiic salc and Hc loiilwiil
climbcd up ilc loods ol Kaliya and bcgan io dancc on lis ilousand lcads. Hc
danccd in an inliniic vaiiciy ol ilc mosi maivclous ol liguics. Tlc picssuic ol
Kiislna's Icci ciuslcd ilc iowciing piidc ol ilc myiiad-loodcd monsici. Kaliya
lowcicd lis loods and vomiicd blood. lui ilc Dancc ol Kiislna did noi ccasc.
Kaliya was lound ioiiciing iowaids dcail wlcn lis wivcs camc oui ol ilc lalc and
wiil palms joincd in piayci bcggcd Kiislna io spaic ilc lilc ol ilcii lusband. Tlc
piaycis ol ilc wivcs ol Kaliya wlo lad laiil in Kiislna movcd ilc Son ol Nanda io
lavc mcicy on Kaliya. Kiislna now dcsisicd liom His iciiilic Dancc on condiiion
ilai Kaliya was io quii ilc lalc ai oncc and io bcialc limscll io lis oiiginal lomc
in ilc island ol Ramanala. Kiislna gavc lim His assuiancc ilai Gaiuda would
now do lim no laim as lc would icspcci ilc piini ol His Icci on loods ol Kaliya.
Tlc waici ol ilc Kaliya lalc was now icndcicd immunc liom all poison and
bccamc as swcci as ii was bcloic ilc advcni ol Kaliya.
Tlc iaming ol Kaliya is onc ol ilc liindaban Pasiimcs ol loy-Kiislna. Kaliya is
ilc iypc ol cunning and malicc. Hc is ilc cmbodimcni ol uniclcniing ciucliy.
Tlcic is no placc loi Kaliya in ilc lappy icalm ol liaja. Dcccii and ciucliy aic as
poison io ilc aiilcss loving naiuic ol ilc dcnizcns ol liaja. Ii is quiic conccivablc
loi ilc conliding clums ol Kiislna noi io cniciiain any suspicion icgaiding ilc
malicious inicniion ol ciucl and dccciilul pcisons wlosc puiposc is io poison
ilcm againsi Kiislna. Tlcy may cvcn unwiiiingly lall inio ilc counscl ol sucl cvil
pcisons. lui Kiislna is suic io icscuc His Own liom ilc wilcs ol His cncmy.
Nay Kiislna las also a plan loi cuiing ilc cvil piopcnsiiy ol Kaliya limscll. Tlc
pioccss consisis in maling lim lccl ilc iouclcs ol His Dancing Icci. lui Kaliya
aiicmpis io bcai up againsi all cuiaiivc clasiiscmcni. Insicad ol lccling ilc joy ol
suppoiiing ilc Icci ol Kiislna on lis nasiy loods ilc monsici linds ii impossiblc
io bcai lis good loiiunc wiiloui undcigoing ilc pangs ol aciual dcail. Lvcn ilc
loyal wivcs ol Kaliya wlo dcsiic ilc icloimaiion ol ilc monsici and wlosc good
wislcs loi lis wcll-bcing aic ilc causc ol Kiislna's mcicy iowaids lim aic ai lasi
loiccd io iniciccdc by a piayci loi lis banislmcni liom ilc icalm ol liaja. lui ilc
piidc ol Kaliya lad icccivcd a moiial clccl.
Tlc banislmcni ol Kaliya liom ilc lalc ol ilc Yamuna las a mosi impoiiani
spiiiiual signilicancc. Tlosc wlo lavc a puiposc io cicaic iioublc among ilc puic
dcvoiccs ol Kiislna by inlcciing ilcii naiuic wiil ilcii own malicious disposiiion
mcci wiil a cciiain dcgicc ol iniiial succcss in ilcii nclaiious undciialing. Tlis
cmboldcns ilcm io malc a diicci aiiacl on Kiislna Himscll wlcn Hc appcais on
ilc sccnc ol ilcii dcpiavcd aciiviiics in oidci io icsioic ilc living laiil ol His Own
bonalidc associaics.
Tlosc wlo aic noi cxcccdingly clcvci can ncvci bc scivanis ol Kiislna. lui ilc
scivicc ol Kiislna is also ncvci availablc io ilosc wlosc cunning is cmploycd loi
dcpiiving Kiislna ol ilc lullncss ol His cnjoymcni. Kaliya and ilosc wlo aic
aciuaicd by a naiuially malicious disposiiion aic also siylcd clcvci in ilc oidinaiy
pliascology ol ilis damncd woild. Sucl iascals may also lavc ilc impudcncc ol
ialing ilcii siand upon ilc icxis ol ilc Sciipiuics by using ilcii cunning in ilc
giacclcss aiicmpi ol dcpiiving Kiislna ol ilc scivicc His Own. Tlis lind ol
conduci may also pass undciccicd and may cvcn bc icgaidcd as posscssing ilc
pcilcci slill ol conlidcniial scivicc. lui Kiislna is suic io cxposc ilc ical naiuic ol
ilc villainy jusi ai ilc momcni wlcn ii las bccn succcsslul in mislcading His bcsi-
bclovcd oncs.
Ii is, indccd, vciy dilliculi io undcisiand ilc Ways ol Kiislna. Kiislna appaicnily
pcimiis almosi cvciy loim ol ollcnsc io bc pcipciiaicd wiil impuniiy againsi His
mosi bclovcd oncs. Tlis las ilc cllcci ol pioviding an oppoiiuniiy io His Own loi
pioving ilcii incompaiablc lovc loi Himscll and by mcans ol ilis uniquc
cxlibiiion ol ilcii lovc io dclcai in ilc mosi liuiilul mannci ilc maclinaiions ol
His woisi cncmics. Tlc liicnds and clums ol Kiislna aic ollcicd io ilc malicc ol
cunning and iclcnilcss biuics in oidci io biing oui ilc dillcicncc bciwccn ilc iwo
and ilcicby cnablc ilc laiici io dcsisi liom iioubling ilc dcvoiccs ol ilcii own
accoid.
lui ilcsc biuics aic ncvci allowcd io associaic wiil ilc scivanis ol Kiislna cvcn
alici ilcy loicgo ilcii malicc iowaids ilcm. Tlcy aic cicinally dcbaiicd liom ilc
scivicc ol Kiislna in liaja. lui ilc ioucl ol Kiislna's Icci malcs a ical dillcicncc
bciwccn ilc iccipicni ol His mcicy and ilc oilci biuics. Kaliya is no longci
icgaidcd by Gaiuda as ilc cncmy ol Kiislna. Kaliya is, ilcicloic, allowcd a placc
among ilc pioiccicd ol Kiislna.
Ii docs noi lollow ilai ii is a paying busincss io poison ilc lcaiis ol His scivanis
againsi Kiislna wlicl is suic io bc icwaidcd by ilc giani ol His pioicciion. Ycs,
ilis is so alici ilc piidc ol ilc miscicani is iloiouglly biolcn by bcing iiod upon
by Kiislna Himscll. His is ilcicby inspiicd wiil a mosi wlolcsomc dicad wlicl
cllcciivcly picvcnis lim liom iiying io biccd misclicl among ilc bonalidc
dcvoiccs by owning an unwilling allcgiancc io Kiislna and assuming ilc badgc ol
His sciviiudc by wcaiing on lis lcad ilc piini ol His loius Icci.
Tlc mcicy slown io Kaliya is so obviously and dispiopoiiionaicly gicai in iis
magniiudc in lacc ol ilc cxiicmc giaviiy ol lis ollcnsc ilai no iaiionalisiic
cxplanaiion can do jusiicc io iis lull bcncliccni signilicancc.