BCTTTN Tan Quan Minh

Bo co thc tp tt nghip
Cng ty TNHH SX & TM Tn Quang Minh

MC LC
I. TNG QUAN...................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Lch s thnh lp v pht trin ca cng ty TNHH SX & TM Tn Quang Minh.....................4
1.1.1 Gii thiu chung...................................................................................................................4
1.1.2 Lch s thnh lp v pht trin............................................................................................4
1.2 a im xy dng......................................................................................................................5
1.2.1 a ch. ...............................................................................................................................5
1.2.2 Din tch.............................................................................................................................5
1.3 C cu t chc v h thng qun l ca nh my......................................................................6
1.3.1 S t chc......................................................................................................................6
1.3.2 Nhim v v chc nng tng b phn................................................................................7
1.3.3 S mt bng nh my.....................................................................................................8
1.4 Lnh vc kinh doanh v h thng phn phi..............................................................................9
1.4.1 Lnh vc kinh doanh. .........................................................................................................9
1.4.2 Thng tin v sn phm........................................................................................................9
1.4.3 H thng phn phi...........................................................................................................19
1.5 An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy.............................................................................19
1.5.1 An ton lao ng...............................................................................................................19
1.5.2 Phng chy cha chy......................................................................................................19
1.5.3 An ton i vi nh xng v ngi lao ng................................................................19
1.5.4 An ton i vi sn phm.................................................................................................20
1.6 H thng x l cht thi rn, nc thi v v sinh cng nghip..............................................20
1.6.1 X l cht thi rn............................................................................................................20
1.6.2 H thng x l nc thi..................................................................................................20
1.6.3 V sinh cng nghip.........................................................................................................23
II. NGUYN LIU............................................................................................................................26
2.1 Nc..........................................................................................................................................26
2.1.1 Mc ch.............................................................................................................................26
2.1.2 Cc ch tiu cht lng ca nc......................................................................................26
2.1.3 S quy trnh x l nc................................................................................................29
2.1.4 Thuyt minh quy trnh x l nc.....................................................................................30
2.1.5 Kim tra v x l nc......................................................................................................32
2.1.6 S c v cch khc phc....................................................................................................33
(Ngun Ti lu cng ty Tn Quang Minh)....................................................................................33
2.2 ng........................................................................................................................................34
2.2.1 Mc ch...........................................................................................................................34
2.2.2 ng s dng................................................................................................................34
2.2.3 Ch tiu cht lng cn nh gi..................................................................................34
2.3 Hng liu.................................................................................................................................34
2.3.1 Mc ch...........................................................................................................................34
2.3.2 Phn loi............................................................................................................................34
2.3.3 Cc loi hng s dng....................................................................................................35
2.3.4 Tiu chun la chon hng..............................................................................................35
2.3.5 Yu cu..............................................................................................................................35
2.3.6 Cch s dng.....................................................................................................................35
2.3.7 Kim tra v x l nguyn liu..........................................................................................35
GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh
SVTT: L Th Thanh Thy Mai Th Phng Thanh
Trang 1
2.4 CO2............................................................................................................................................35
2.4.1 Mc ch...........................................................................................................................35
2.4.2 Yu cu..............................................................................................................................35
2.4.3 Quy trnh x l CO2.........................................................................................................36
2.4.4 Kim tra cht lng CO2..................................................................................................37
2.2 Acid thc phm.........................................................................................................................37
2.3 Nguyn liu ph........................................................................................................................38
2.3.1 Nc ct tri cy c c...................................................................................................38
2.3.2 Cht to c......................................................................................................................38
2.3.3 Cht mu...........................................................................................................................38
2.3.4 Cht bo qun...................................................................................................................40
2.3.5 Cht to ngt.....................................................................................................................41
III. CNG NGH SN XUT........................................................................................................42
3.1 Nc ngt c gas.......................................................................................................................42
3.1.1 S quy trnh cng ngh.................................................................................................42
3.1.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh:.....................................................................................43
3.1.3 Kim tra thnh phm .........................................................................................................47
3.1.4 S c v cch khc phc:...................................................................................................48
3.2 Nc p Tri cy:......................................................................................................................49
3.2.1 S quy trnh cng ngh:............................................................................................49
3.2.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh:..................................................................................................50
3.2.3 S c v cch khc phc:...............................................................................................51
3.3 Thit b chnh s dng:.............................................................................................................51
3.3.1 Thit b nu......................................................................................................................51
3.3.2 Thit b lm ngui...........................................................................................................52
3.3.3 Thit b phi trn............................................................................................................52
3.3.4 Thit b phi trn v bo ha CO2...............................................................................53
3.3.5 Thit b chit rt:............................................................................................................54
IV. DY CHUYN CNG NGH.................................................................................................55
4.1 L hi.........................................................................................................................................55
4.1.1 Mc ch. ...........................................................................................................................55
4.1.2 Nguyn l hot ng v thng s k thut........................................................................55
4.1.3 Cch vn hnh....................................................................................................................55
4.2 in...........................................................................................................................................57
4.3 H Thng x l CO2.................................................................................................................57
4.2.1 Mc ch...........................................................................................................................57
4.2.2 Thit b v cu to...........................................................................................................57
4.4 H thng x l nc..................................................................................................................59
4.3.1 Ngun cung cp v mc ch...........................................................................................59
4.3.2 S h thng x l nc...............................................................................................60
4.3.3 Thit b x l nc...........................................................................................................60
IV. CC DNG SN PHM..........................................................................................................62
5.1 Cc yu cu cn kim tra sn phm. ........................................................................................62
5.1.1 Sn phm nc ngt c gaz Bidrico..................................................................................62
5.1.2 Sn phm nc p tri cy A*Nuta...................................................................................62
5.2 Phng php kim tra...............................................................................................................62
5.2.1 S quy trnh kim tra sn phm....................................................................................62
Trang 2
5.2.2 Kim tra bao b:..................................................................................................................63
5.2.3 Kim tra thnh phm:.........................................................................................................63
5.3 Cc li sai cn kim tra v cch x l......................................................................................64
5.4 Bo qun....................................................................................................................................64
VI. NHN XT V KIN NGH...................................................................................................65
6.1 Nhn xt.....................................................................................................................................65
6.2 Kin ngh ..................................................................................................................................65

Trang 3
Chng 1: TNG QUAN V CNG TY TNHH SX & TM TN QUANG MINH

I. TNG QUAN
1.1 Lch s thnh lp v pht trin ca cng ty TNHH SX & TM Tn Quang Minh.
1.1.1 Gii thiu chung.
a. Tn gi.
Tn gi: Cng ty TNHH Sn xut v Thng mi Tn Quang Minh.
Tn giao dch: TAN QUANG MINH manufacture and tracdinh Co, Ltd.
Tn vit tt: TAN QUANG MINH Co, Ltd.
b. Thng hiu.
Thng hiu: Cng ty TNHH SX & TM Tn Quang Minh sn xut v thng mi cc
loi nc gii kht mang thng hiu Bidrico, A*Nuta, Yobi, Red Tiger, Tam Thanh.
ngha thng hiu:
Biu tng 3 xc (, vng, xanh) tng trng cho s pht trin vng mnh v kht vng
vn ln ca Bidrico tr thnh thng hiu trn th trng Vit v trn thng trng Quc t.
Bidrico l ch vit tt ca :
- Bi : Bnh Chnh.
- Dri : Drink.
- Co : Company.
c. Phng chm.
Ly s tha mn ca khch hng lm thc o cht lng sn phm, s ph hp ca gi c,
uy tn v mi quan h bn vng.
Hnh 1.1: Logo Cng ty TNHH SX &TM
Lch s thnh lp v pht trin.
Nm 1992 thnh lp c s sn xut Quang Minh ti Bc Tn
BnhQuang
Thnh.Minh
Nm 1995 c s c chuyn v Phan Vn Tr - qun G Vp. Cc sn phm c sn
xut ch yu trn dy chuyn th cng v bn th cng. Sn phm ch yu tiu th ti th trng
Vit Nam, Lo, CamPuChia.
Cng ty TNHH SX & TM TN QUANG MINH c thnh lp theo ng k kinh doanh
s 210200681 ngy 28/08/2001.
Qua 10 nm hnh thnh v pht trin, vi n lc khng ngng sng to Cng ty TNHH Tn
Quang Minh vi thng hiu quen thuc l Bidrico khng nh mnh trn th trng c nc to
c ch ng kh vng trn th trng Vit Nam. Doanh thu tng khong 20% trong vi nm tr
li y, mng li phn phi c m rng khp trn ton quc v lin tc c ngi tiu dng
bnh chn l Hng Vit Nam cht lng cao, c tng nhiu Huy chng, bng khen trong cc k
Hi Ch v cc cuc thi.
1.1.2

Trang 4
1.2 a im xy dng.
1.2.1
a ch.
L C21/I ng 2F, KCN Vnh Lc, Bnh Chnh, Tp.H Ch Minh.
1.2.2
Din tch.
Tng din tch ca cng ty l 15.000 m2.
Kho nguyn liu: 2760m2.
Kho thnh phm: 5000m2 + 1065 m2.
Nh xng sn xut: 2.550m2.
Vn phng: 400m2.
Khu phng th nghim: 180m2.
ng ni b v cy xanh: 3.500m2.
Nh n: 320m2.
Hnh 1.2. Cng ty Tn Quang Minh
Nh xe: 320m2.
2
Cng trnh ph khc: 100m .
Kho bao b: 1200m2.
Khu sn xut bao b: 2265m2.

Trang 5
1.3 C cu t chc v h thng qun l ca nh my.
1.3.1 S t chc.
HI NG THNH VIN
I ISO
TNG GIM C
I HACCP
BAN ISO
TR L
I cGMP
I THM TRA
i
xe
XNG SN
XUT BAO B
NHA
TP.
HC-NS
Hnh
Chnh
B
phn
cng
ngh
thng
tin
Vn
th
Nhn
s
T
bo
v
Kho
nguy
n
liu
GKH- IU
PHI SN
XUT
K
ton
tin
lng
Xn
g sn
xut
ch
bin
thc
phm
K
ton
bn
hng
Kho
thn
h
ph
m
K TON
TRNG
K
ton
thu
chi
K
ton
kho
K
ton
cng
n
K
ton
tng
hp
TP.
NGN
QU
T
nu
sa
n
g
K
ton
sn
xut
TP.
CNCB
T
pha
ch
Phn
g vi
sinh
TP.
C
IN
TP.
KCS
Nhn
vin
KCS
Ph
ng
th
nghi
m
l
ha
Thu
mua
Xng
c kh
Hnh 1.3. S t chc nh my

Trang 6
Nhp
khu
B
phn
bo
tr
thit
b
sn
xut
TP
V
T
P.
Xu
kh
Qun
l kh
vc
tp.HC
M
1.3.2 Nhim v v chc nng tng b phn.
a. Hi ng thnh vin:
L c quan cao nht, quyt nh phng hng v ng li pht trin ca cng ty. Hi ng
thnh vin bu Ch Tch, b nhim Gim c, K ton trng. Ch tch hi ng kim nhim gim
c cng ty.
b. Gim c cng ty:
L ngi iu hnh ton b hot ng ca cng ty.
C quyn b nhim cc Ph Gim c, Trng Phng, Qun c, i Trng, T trng.
Ngi iu hnh trc tip:
Phng ngn qu: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
Phng k ton: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
Phng vt t: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
Phng KCS: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch
c. Phng hnh chnh nhn s:
Nhn vin do 01 Trng phng ph trch v iu hnh trc tip cc b phn: Hnh chnh vn
th, dch thut, nhn s, nh n v bp n (v sinh, an ninh trt t, hnh chnh), t v sinh, i bo
v (an ninh, cy xanh) v ni tr.
d. Cc ph gim c chuyn mn:
Ph Gim c k thut:
H tr k thut cho Gim c. Mi Ph Gim c k thut iu hnh trc tip mi n v:
T sa cha bo tr nh xng, Xng sa cha t, C kh , in my, Phng c in .
Ph Gim c cng ngh ch bin:
H tr cho gim c v cng ngh ch bin v iu hnh:
Phng k hoch: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch.
Phng pha ch: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch.
T nu sa: Do 01 T trng ph trch.
T nu ng: Do 01 T trng ph trch.
Ph Gim c ph trch v k hoch sn xut:
L ngi ph t ca Gim c v k hoch vt t, sn xut v iu phi sn xut, iu hnh
trc tip:
Phng k hoch: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch.
Phng pha ch: Do Ban Qun c ph trch.
T chc v qun l kho thnh phm: Do 01 th kho ph trch.
T chc v qun l kho nguyn liu: Do 01 th kho ph trch.
Ph Gim c kinh doanh- tip th:
L ph t Gim c v hot ng kinh doanh, qung co tip th ca cng ty v iu hnh
trc tip:
Phng kinh doanh: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch.
Phng tip th, qung co: Do 01 Trng phng ph trch.
i vn chuyn: Do 01 i trng ph trch.
Cng nhn :
L nhng ngi trc tip sn xut di s lnh o ca ban qun c cc phn
xng. Gia cc phng ban chc nng tuy c nhim v c th khc nhau nhng c
mi quan h mt thit vi nhau trong qu trnh hot ng.

Trang 7
1.3.3
S mt bng nh my
i
Ghi ch:
nc
WC
B
K hiu
Kho nguyn
Kho
liu
kh
Bngng
1.1. K hiu trong mt bng nh myhng
Kho
liu ph
sa
gia
ChKho
thchbao b nhn np
Kho chai
ln
Ca ra vo
Khu x
l CO2
Bo v
Khu x
B
l nc
cp
Phng c
E
in
Bn
Khu
ch du DO
vn
Xng sn xut
phng
Cy xanh
Khu
vn
phng
L hi
Khu
vn
phng
Kho thnh phm
ng ni b
Cn tin
B
Kho bao b
Thnh
phm
WC
Phng
Maketi
ng
Khu sn xut bao b
A
Khu
x l
nc
thi
Nh gi xe
Hnh 1.4. S mt bng nh my

Trang 8
1.4 Lnh vc kinh doanh v h thng phn phi.
1.4.1 Lnh vc kinh doanh.
Cng ty chuyn sn xut v thng mi ha cc loi sn phm nc gii kht a dng v
chng loi vi mu m p mt p ng nhu cu v th hiu ca ngi tiu dng nh:
Bng 1.2. Cc sn phm cng ty
STT Tn sn phm
3
4
5
Sn lng 2009
( lt/nm)
Nc ngt c gas Bidrico vi cc hng

v: Cam, Du, Vi, Cola, X x, To, Soda,
70.000.000
Chanh, B ao, Tng lc, Me. ng trong
chai PET 1.25L, 1.5L lon 330ml.
Sa chua tit trng Yobi: vi cc hng
v: Cam, Du, Mng cu. ng trong hp 12.600.000
180ml v chai nha 110ml.
Nc p tri cy A*Nuta vi cc hng
v: Cam, To, Thm, C chua, Me, Chanh 1.400.000
dy, ng trong lon 330ml.
Nc tng lc Red Tiger: ng trong chai
12.400.000
200ml v lon 250ml.
Nc ung tinh khit Bidrico: ng trong
33.600.000
bnh 21 lt, 0.5 lt.
Nc Yn ngn nh Bidrico: ng trong

11.760.000
lon 250ml.
Tr B ao A*Nuta: ng trong lon

12.320.000
330ml.
Th trng tiu
th
Vit Nam, Thi
Lan, Campuchia,
Php, i Loan.
VitNam,
Campuchia.
Vit
Nam,
Campuchia, Hn
Quc, Singapore,
i Loan, c.
Vit Nam,
i Loan.
Vit Nam.
Vit
Nam,
Campuchia, Thi
Lan, i Loan.
Vit
Nam,
Campuchia, Hn
Quc, i Loan.
Rau cu tri cy Bidrico: ng trong bch

8
0.5 kg, 1 kg, h 1kg, h 600g vi nhiu 8.400.000
Vit Nam.
hng v.
Sm cao ly Bidrico: ng trong lon
9
240ml.
Tr xanh A*Nuta: ng trong chai Pet
Vit Nam, Hn
10
700.000
365ml, 500ml.
Quc, i Loan.
Tr Tho dc Tam Thanh: ng trong
11
lon 330ml v chai PET 365ml v 500ml.
(Ngun ti liu cng ty Tn Quang Minh)
1.4.2 Thng tin v sn phm.
a. Sn phm Nc ngt c gaz Bidrico.
Gii thiu sn phm

Sn phm mu m a dng c nhiu hng v khc nhau.S khc bit cc sn phm v
hng v mu s dng trong tng loi sn phm
Trang 9
Hin nay cng ty sn xut nc ngt c gaz vi 10 loi hng: Cam, Du, Vi, Cola, X x,
To, Soda, Chanh, B ao, Tng lc, Me.
Cc hnh thc ng gi:
ng trong chai pet 1.25L, ng thnh phm 12chai/thng. ng gi trong container 20
feet: 960 thng/cont 20 feet.
ng trong chai pet 1.5L, ng thnh phm 12chai/thng. ng gi trong container 20
feet: 882 thng/cont 20 feet.
ng trong lon 330ml, ng thnh phm 24 lon/thng, 6 lon/lc giy xun/hp xun. ng
gi trong container 20 feet: 2378 thng/cont 20 feet.
Vi
Tng Lc
Du
Chanh
S x
Cam
Cola Cream Soda To
B ao
Me
Hnh 1.5. Hnh nh sn phm nc ngt c gas chai PET 1.25l

Trang 10
Thnh phn v tiu chun cht lng sn phm nc ngt c gaz
Bng 1.3 Thnh phn v ch tiu cht lng ca nc ngt c gas hng Cam.
Thnh phn
Ch tiu cht lng trong 1lt sn phm
Nc bo ha CO2
ng 33g/l
ng tinh luyn 4%
CO2 3 - 4g/l
Cht iu chnh chua(330)
Acid citric 2.0 3.0g/l
Cht bo qun(211)
Natribenzoat 0.5g/l
Hng cam tng hp
Aspartame 0.2g/l
Cht
to
ngt
tng
hp: Acesulfame 0.2g/l
Aspartame(851), Acesulfame-K(950).
Mu thc phm tng hp: Sunset
yellow(110), Tatrazine(102).
( Ngun thng tin trn bao b sn phm cng ty TNHH Tn Quan Minh)
Bng 1.4. Thnh phn v ch tiu cht lng ca nc ngt c gas hng Cola.
Thnh phn
Nc bo ha CO2
ng tinh luyn 4%
Cht to ngt tng hp
Cht bo qun(211)
Hng cola tng hp
Mu
thc
phm
tng
Caramel(150c).
Ch tiu cht lng trong 1 lt sn

phm
ng 33g/l
CO2 3.5 4.5g/l
Natribenzoat 0.5g/l
Aspartame 0.2g/l
Acesulfame 0.2g/l
hp:
Bng 1.5. Thnh phn v ch tiu cht lng ca nc ngt c gas hng Vi.
Thnh phn
Ch tiu cht lng trong 1 lt sn

phm
Nc bo ha CO2
ng 33g/l
ng tinh luyn 4%
CO2 3.0 4.0g/l
Cht to ngt tng hp: Aspartame Acid citric 1.0 2.0g/l
(951), Acesulfame (950)
Natribenzoat 0.5g/l
Cht bo qun(211)
Aspartame 0.2g/l
Hng Vi tng hp
Acesulfame 0.2g/l

Trang 11
Bng 1.6 Thnh phn v ch tiu cht lng ca nc ngt c gas hng X x.
Thnh phn
Nc bo ha CO2
ng tinh luyn 4%
Cht to ngt tng hp: Aspartame
(951), Acesulfame (950).
Cht bo qun(211)
Hng X x tng hp
Mu
thc
phm
tng
hp:
Caramel(150c).
Ch tiu cht lng trong 1lit sn phm

ng 33g/l
CO2 3.0 4.0g/l
Natribenzoat 0.5g/l
Aspartame 0.2g/l
Acesulfame 0.2g/l
b. Sn phm Nc p tri cy
Gii thiu
Sn phm nc p tri cy A*nuta c chit xut t cc loi tri cy thin nhin vi nhiu
hng v gip ngi tiu dng d chn la theo khu v. c bit trong Nc p tri cy A*nuta c
cht x, c tc dng h tr cho ng tiu ha.
Cc loi sn phm gm: Cam, Chanh dy, Me, To, Thm C chua, Xoi ....
Cc hnh thc ng gi: ng trong lon nhm 330ml, ng thnh phm 24lon/ thng, 6lon/hp
xun, 6lon/lc giy xun.
Hnh 1.6. Sn phm Nc cam p A*Nuta.

Trang 12
Thnh phn v tiu chun cht lng nc p tri cy A*Nuta

Bng 1.7. Thnh phn v ch tiu cht lng sn phm Nc Cam p A*Nuta.
Thnh phn
Ch tiu cht lng trong 100ml sn

phm
Cht kh 11g
ng tng 10g
Cht x 0.2g
Acid citric 0.3g
Natribenzoat 0.06g
Nc tinh lc
ng tinh luyn 10%
Nc p cam 3%
Fructose 1.4%
Cht x ha tan 0.2%
Cht bo qun(211)
Hng cam tng hp
Hnh 1.7. Sn phm nc xoi p A*Nuta.

Bng 1.8. Thnh phn v ch tiu cht lng sn phm Nc Xoi p
A*Nuta.
Thnh phn
Ch tiu cht lng trong 100ml sn

phm
Cht kh 11g
ng tng 10g
Cht x 0.2g
Acid citric 0.3g
Natribenzoat 0.06g
Nc tinh lc
ng tinh luyn 10%
Nc p xoi 8%
Fructose 1.4%
Cht x ha tan 0.2%
Cht bo qun(211)
Hng xoi tng hp
Trang 13
Hnh 1.9 Hnh nh sn phm nc Me p A*Nuta.

Bng 1.9. Thnh phn v ch tiu cht lng sn phm Nc Me p A*Nuta.
Thnh phn
Ch tiu cht lng trong 100ml sn phm
Nc p tri me
Cht kh 10g
ng tinh luyn
ng tng 8g
Hng tng hp caramen
Cht x 0.2g
Fructose
Acid citric 0.3g
Cht x ha tan
Natribenzoat 0.06g
Fructose 1.4g
Cht bo qun(211)
c. Sn phm nc tng lc Rea Tiger.
Hnh 1.10. Sn phm nc tng lc Red Tiger.

Trang 14
Bng 1.10. Thnh phn v ch tiu ca nc tng lc Red Tiger.
Thnh phn
Ch tiu
ng tinh luyn
98 g/l
ng glucose
Acid citric
Taurine
Inossitol
Vitamin B1
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Niacin
Natribenzonat
Hng 10
30 g/l
7 g/l
4 g/l
0.2 g/l
5 mg/l
50 mg/l
1mg/l
1mg/l
1%
d. Sn phm Nc ung tinh khit Bidrico.

ng gi.
ng trong bnh 21 lt, 0.5 lt v 0.35 lt
Hnh 1.11. Sn phm nc ung tinh khit Bidrico.

e. Sn phm nc Yn ngn nh.
Hnh 1.12. Sn phm nc yn ngn nh.

Trang 15
Bng 1.11. Thnh phn v ch tiu sn phm nc yn ngn nh
Thnh phn
Nc
Gum
Yn so
ng
Ngn nh
Natri benzoat
X th
Ch tiu
77 g/l
5 10 g/l
0.6g/l
0 3 g/l
f. Sn phm Rau cu Bidrico.
Hnh 1.13. Sn phm rau cu Bidrico

Rau cu Bidrico: ng trong bch 0.5 kg, 1kg, vi nhiu hng v tri cy: Cam, Vi, Da
Gang, Da, Chui, To, Vi, Xoi, Mng Cu, Khm, i, Khoai Mn,

Trang 16
Bng 5.12 Thnh phn v ch tiu sn phm rau cu.
Thnh phn
Nc tinh lc
ng tinh luyn
Bt rau cu
Acid citric
Cht bo qun 211
Mu tng hp
Ch tiu
Cht to chua: 34 g/l
ng tng 200 g/l
Cht bo qun 1 g/l
g. Sn phm Tr b ao A*Nuta.
Hnh 1.14. Sn phm Tr b ao

Bng 1.13. Thnh phn v ch tiu sn phm tr b ao A*Nuta.
Thnh phn
Nc ct b ao
ng tinh luyn
Acid citric
Cht bo qun 211
Hng tng hp
Mu caramen
Ch tiu
77 g/l
2g/l
1g/l
Hm lng cht kh 100g/l
h. Sn phm tr xanh A*Nuta.

Tr xanh A*nuta ng trong chai 365ml v 500ml.
Hnh 1.15. Sn phm tr xanh A*Nuta.

Trang 17
i. Nc sm cao ly Bidrico.
ng trong lon 240 ml
Hnh 1.16 Sn phm sm cao ly.

j. Sn phm tr tho dc Tam thanh.
Tr tho dc Tam Thanh c ng trong chai PET 500ml, 365ml v ng lon
330ml.
Hnh 1.17. Sn phm tr tho dc Tam thanh.

Trang 18
1.4.3 H thng phn phi.
a. H thng phn phi siu th.
Cc mt hng ca Bidrico c mt ti 102 siu th thuc h thng siu th: Big C, Coopmart,
Maximart, Vinatex, Cittimart, Winmart, Startmart, Lotte
b. H thng phn phi i l.
C hn 130 Nh Phn Phi Nc ngt ri u khp t Bc Trung Nam.
Hn 500 i L Nc tinh khit, phn phi ch yu Tp.HCM v cc khu vc ln cn.
H thng knh trng hc chim 25% h thng trng hc ton quc.
H thng knh l chim 40% h thng trn ton quc.
H thng ch: chim 70% trn ton quc u c mt hng Bidrico.
1.5 An ton lao ng v phng chy cha chy.
1.5.1 An ton lao ng.
a. in v t in iu khin.
T in iu khin c trang b vn hnh t ng ngt mch khi c s c v in xy ra.
My mc thit b in c lp t thun tin cho vic vn hnh v bo hnh, bo tr.
Kim tra h thng in theo nh k m bo an ton cho nhn vin vn hnh.
Nhn vin tun th quy nh an ton v in.
b. Pha ho cht.
Pha ho cht ng cch, ng liu lng. Lun lun cho nc sch vo thng ho cht trc
(bng vi nc sch), ri cho t t lng nh cho n khi lng cn thit trnh hin tng
phn ng t ngt (to nhit, bc hi), bc m t khuy trn dung dch cho n khi nng ng
nht mi a vo s dng.
Ngi pha ch trang b cc dng c phng h: eo gng tay cao su, khu trang, m, ng cao
su cao c, tp d cao su Sau khi b dnh ho cht phi ra k di vi nc chy mnh v thay
git qun o ngay.
Khi pha ch cn t nht 2 ngi, phi chun b 1 vi nc ra tay khi cn.
1.5.2 Phng chy cha chy.
Trong qu trnh vn hnh cn phng chy n do cc s c v in, nn trang b bnh CO2
h thng x l.
t bm cu ha cc v tr:
B cha nc sau khi lc s b.
Khu vc x l nc thi.
Bnh cha chy km theo bng ni qui phng cha chy t tt c cc cng on sn xut,
nh xng, nh kho, v cc phng ban.
Kho cha nguyn liu phi c h thng phng chy cha chy y .
Ngoi ra, m bo mi trng xung quanh kh ro, thong mt, v sinh thng xuyn trnh
chut b, cn trng,
1.5.3 An ton i vi nh xng v ngi lao ng.
L hi:
C chung bo t ng khi c s c v phi c nhn vin kim tra thng xuyn.
X l nc:
Khi lm vic mang y dng c bo h lao ng nh: gng tay, ng, mt n, o bo
h,
Bng ni quy vn hnh my km theo cc thng s k thut hng dn chi tit c th
cho cng nhn vn hnh c t tt c cc cng on tng ng.
Nhn vin vn hnh my nm vng thao tc vn hnh.
Nh sn khng c trn trt, c rnh thot nc.
Trang 19
1.5.4
An ton i vi sn phm.
Khng mang dp c nhn vo trong xng sn xut.
Cng on chit rt: cng nhn trang b y bo h nh gng tay, khu trang, m,
o bo h v ng. Trc khi vo phng chit rt phi st trng tay bng cn. Phng chit rt phi
v trng.
Kho cha sn phm kh ro, thong mt, sch s trnh cn trng gy hi.
Khng c mang n trang.
1.6 H thng x l cht thi rn, nc thi v v sinh cng nghip.
1.6.1 X l cht thi rn.
Cht thi rn c thu gom v bn ph liu. Cc cht thi khng th ti ch thi b mi
ngy mt ln.
1.6.2 H thng x l nc thi
H thng x l nc thi ti cng ty Tn Quang Minh c cng sut 120 m3/ngy m.
a. S quy trnh x l
Nc thi
Lc
NaOH 2,5%
Trung ha
Bn vi sinh
Kh mu, mi
Tp
cht
Lng
Nc
x l
Hnh 1.18. S x l nc thi

Trang 20
b. Gii thch quy trnh.
Lc s b v trung ha:
Nc thi s c bm ln b x l s b (b 1) lc cc tp cht v trung ha vi p lc
ln. Bng cch b tr cc song chn rc ti ng cng cn cc vt c kch thc ln nh: bao
nilong, hp, ba cactong, Song song vi ng dn nc thi l ng dn dung dch NaOH
0,25% vo b trung ha v pH = 7.0 0.2, hai ng ny hot ng ng thi. B tr cc ng
ng sc kh khuy trn nc v y cc tp cht kh ln trn b mt. Trn b mt vt li s
vt cc tp cht ln.
Kh mi:
b ny c b tr mt phao v tr c nh, khi nc dng ln ti phao th bm s bm
nc t b 1 sang b kh mu v kh mi bng bn vi sinh (b 2).
B 2 c cha bn vi sinh, ng ng sc khng kh vo nc nui bn. Lng bn vi
sinh khong 400ml bn/lt nc. Khi thy bn kt lng c mu vng l kh tt.
Lng:
Khi mc nc s t chy trn vo cc ng ng dn qua b (3) l b lng. Cc ng
ng ny cch y ca b (3) khong 1.5m to dng nc vo nh nhng trnh b khuy ng
gy nh hng n qu trnh lng.
B lng c dng cn, di y c hai l hnh chp nn ng knh 50cm cha bn
lng. Trn mi l c b tr cch gt gom bn vo l, vn tc ca cnh gt rt chm: 1
vng/10pht to trng thi tnh cho cc thnh phn l lng c th lng c. Bn hai l s
c bm tr v b (2). Nc b (3) c x l c pH= 7 - 8 ( o bng giy qu), nc c
mu xanh l cy. Ti b (3) c b tr 1 ng kn hai u, trn ng c c nhiu l khi mc nc
dng ln s chy trn vo cc l ny v i ra ngoi. Mc ch l trnh khuy ng nc, ng
thi gi li mt t bn chn rc nu cn st li.
c. Vn hnh.
Trn t iu khin :
M bm nc thi t hm cha ln b (1): bm ch t hot ng theo phao.
M bm nc thi t b (1) qua b (2) tip xc: bm ch t hot ng theo phao.
M my thi kh, sc kh vo b (2): m my lin tc ch cho my ngh khong 3 gi bo
qun my.
M bm nh lng NaOH t ng theo bm.
Trm x l thc hin cc thao tc:

iu chnh cc van kh u vo b (2).
Dng vt li vt cc tp cht ni ln trn.
M van sc kh vo b (3).
Kim tra bn hot tnh:

Hng ngy kim tra bn hot tnh bng cch ly becher 1000ml mc y bn hot tnh trong b
(2), sau lng trong khong 10 pht.
Quan st bn trong becher khong 200ml l bn hot tnh tt. Nu bn di vch 200ml
cn b sung bn. Nu bn trn vch 200ml cn x bn ra b cha bn.
d. Bo tr my mc thit b.
Thng xuyn theo di, kim tra cc my mc thit b, nu pht hin h hng phi sa
cha ngay.
nh k 3 thng thay du m cho bm lng ha cht.
nh k 2 thng thay du m cho my thi kh.
Trang 21
Thng xuyn kim tra cc ng dy in pht hin h hng, r r in, nu pht hin
h hng phi sa cha ngay.
Lun v sinh sch xung quanh trm x l.
c. S c v cch khc phc.
S c.
Rc lm nght ng ng ta phi thng ng bng cch dng bm c cng sut ln bm
nc vo ng ng y rc ra ngoi. ng dn b nt v do p lc ln, do thi tit ta phi thay i
ng ng. Lng khng kh sc vo b thiu do ng ng dn b x lm qu trnh tng sinh khi
ca khi bn chm, hiu qu hot ng ca bn km ta phi hn li ng ng hoc thay ng
ng mi.
M van hi bn ln, bn s khng c hi lu v (2) m phng vt ln cao ra ngoi do
lc ht l phi m van t t. Cc s c thng gp vi cc bm nc thi v bm ho cht:
Bm khng ln nc: do rc lm nght cnh bm , in p khng , ht nc trong cc
bn, b cha, kt phao.
p lc nc khng (nght ng ng, ng ng b b, nght cnh bm).
Cng dng in tng qu mc nh k: do in st p, my bm c s c.
Cch gii quyt :

Khi c s c xy ra nhn vin vn hnh thc hin cc cng vic theo trnh t sau:
Tt cng tt ngun.
Che chn k ng c b s c.
Kim tra h thng in.
Xc nh nguyn nhn, hu qu do s c xy ra.
Lm sch khoang bm, ch lm v sinh khu vc xung quanh trm x l v cc b.
Sa cha ng ng.
Kim tra mc nc trong bn v b cha.
Role an ton t ng ngt ngun in.
Thc hin ch kim tra thng xuyn, bo tr hng thng.
Bo co vi ngi c trch nhim tm bin php x l.

Trang 22
Ghi ch:
1. ng dn nc thi.
2. ng dn dung dch NaOH 0,25%.
3. ng dn nc t b (1) sang b (2).
4. ng hi bn.
5. Nc t b (3) chy trn vo ng ra ngoi.
6. ng nc t b (2) chy trn vo ng ng qua b (3).
7. ng dn khng kh.
8. L cha bn lng.
9. Cnh gt bn.
10. ng sc kh vo nc.
V sinh cng nghip.

a. V sinh thit b.
Nguyn l v c s:
Ty ra: L qu trnh ly cc vt bn ra khi h thng sn xut.
Kh trng: L qu trnh tiu dit vi sinh vt:Hnh
vi khun,
nmthng
mc,x
bolt
cn thi
li
1.19. H
nc
trong qu trnh sn xut.
Mc ch ca qu trnh ty ra v kh trng:
Lm sch b mt thit b nh xng.
Loi tr vi sinh vt nhim tp.
m bo cht lng sn phm.
m bo cho sc kho ngi tiu dng.
Cc yu t nh hng ti qu trnh:
Cht lng nc.
B mt ty ra.
Nhit ty ra.
Thi gian ty ra.
Nng cht ty ra.
1.6.3

Trang 23
Ha cht s dng.
Bng 1.2. Ha cht s dng
STT
Tn ha cht
Cng dng
u v nhc im
Cn
Ty ra, st trng.
Hiu qu ra tt.
H2O2
Ngm ty ra ng lc tinh,
St trng hp.
R c kh nng st
trng cao.
Cloramin B
St trng cc bao b nha.
Bn d s dng.
NaOH
Ti ch Anion.
V sinh thit b bo ho CO2.
V sinh my.
HCl
Ti ch cation.
HNO3
V sinh thit b tit trng UHT.
C kh nng loi tt
cc cn v c.
(Ngun ti liu phng KCS)
V sinh thit b x l nc:

Lc s b:
Sau 3 thng v sinh 1 ln bng cch: Thay lp ct mi, than v ti ch s dng li.
Bn cha:
Mi tun v sinh 1 ln bng cch ra bng nc sch, ra cloramin B, ri ra li bng nc
sch.
Lc th:
V sinh mi ngy sau ca sn xut.
Ly ct lc ra khi bn.
Tho dy thun, vi qun v lp bng gn.
Dng vi nc c p sut cao ra sch dy thun, vi, bng gn. ro.
Trc inox cng c ra sch bng vi nc trn.
V sinh xong tin hnh qun li cy ct lc.
Lc tinh:
V sinh sau mi ca lm vic.
Ly ct lc ra khi thit b lc.
Ngm cy lc trong H2O2: 5 - 6 %, trong 7 - 8 gi.
Sau dng vi nc sch.
Trao i ion: 1 tun ti sinh ht nha 1 ln.
i vi ct cation: S dng dung dch HCl 1-1.5 % ( 30 lt + 170 lt nc).
i vi ct anion: S dng dung dch NaOH 1-1.5 % ( 7kg + 300 lt nc).
Tin hnh x ngc dung dch HCl, NaOH vo 2 ct cation v anion.
Ri x ngc bng nc.
Trang 24
Sau x thun bng nc 1 ln na.
Thi gian ti sinh l 4 gi.
Lc than hot tnh: 2- 3 ln/ tun.
Than c ly ra phi ro nc ri em rang tht kh.
ng lc vi sinh:
Mi ngy v sinh 1 ln bng cch ngm trong dung dch H2O2 trong thi gian 1 ngy. Cc
ng ng phi c ngm nh k bng H2O2 cui mi tun.
V sinh thit b chit rt:

Cui ca lm vic v sinh bng nc tinh khit. Cui tun, ngm bn cha nc tinh khit
v ra my chit rt bng H2O2 trong 24h.
V sinh thit b thanh trng:

V sinh bng nc nng 800C.
Nu lu khng nu th dng H2O2 35% ngm trong thi gian 6- 12h. Sau ra li bng
nc x l, cui cng ra li bng nc nng.
V sinh thit b len men:

Sau mi ca sn xut ni ln men c ra bng nc nng 800C.
V sinh my chit rt:

Thng cha c v sinh bng nc nng 800C.
H thng thit b bn ngoi c v sinh bng nc x l.
V sinh thit b lm sch CO2:

Bn cha bt tr lc v thuc tm: 1 ngy /ln vo cui ngy. V sinh bng nc sinh hot.
u tin x y cc dung dch trong bn, ng li ri bm nc sinh hot vo y bn ri x
y n khi sch.
Bn cha than hot tnh: 2-3 ngy/ ln. Sau 1 thi gian lm vic kh nng hp ph mi ca
than hot tnh gim do cn phc hi kh nng hp ph mi ca than bng cch ly than ra khi
bn v ngm than trong nc khong 24h, sau phi nng cho ro nc ri em i rang tht kh
bng trng rang.
V sinh my bo ha CO2:
V sinh nh k: 1 tun / ln. qua 4 ln:
Ln 1: 1000 lt nc nng 800C pha vi 2,5 kg NaOH.
Ln 2: ra bng nc nng 800C.
Ln 3: ra bng nc nng 800C.
Ln 4 : ra bng nc lnh.
Bn ngoi thit b c ra bng x phng ri ra li bng nc sinh hot.
V sinh my hp:
My hp s c v sinh mi tun 1 ln.
Bng ti v sinh bng nc x l sau 1 ca lm vic.

Trang 25
Chng II: NGUYN LIU SN XUT
II. NGUYN LIU.
2.1 Nc.
2.1.1 Mc ch.
Nc l nguyn liu chnh sn xut nc gii kht v
hm lng nc chim 9092% trng lng nc gii kht. c
s dng lm dung mi ha tan v tham gia vo phn ng gia cc
cu t hoc tc ng vi cc phn t cu thnh sn phm.
Nc tham gia trc tip vo quy trnh cng ngh lm lnh
bo ha CO2, nu siro, pha ch, ha trn, trong cng on chit
rt. Cc thnh phn v hm lng ca nc nh hng rt ln n
quy trnh cng ngh v cht lng nc gii kht thnh phm.
Ngoi ra nc cn l tc nhn lm lnh, lm sch, v sinh
c s dng vo nhiu mc ch khc nhau nh: nc v sinh
thit b, nc v sinh nh xng, nc thanh trng.
Hnh 2.1. Nc
2.1.2 Cc ch tiu cht lng ca nc.
a. Ch tiu vy l .
Mu sc:
L mu do cc cht hu c, cc hp cht keo ca st v s pht trin ca mt s vi sinh vt,
thc vt (rong, to).
n v o mu ca nc l TCU.
Nc cng trong ( mu thp) th cht lng cng cao.
Nhit :
Ph thuc iu kin mi trng kh hu, s thay i nhit ph thuc vo tng ngun
nc. i vi ngun nc ngm th nhit tng i n nh 17-270C.
c:
c ca nc do cc cht l lng bao gm cc loi ht c kch thc nh nh ht keo n
nhng h phn tn th nh huyn ph, cn, t ct.
n v o c ca nc l NTU.
Mi v v:
C cc mi t nhin ( bn , t, vi sinh vt, clo, phenol) hay cc mi nhn to khc khi
khai thc nc to ln, nn mi v ca nc ph thuc vo thnh phn c trong nc, ch yu l
cc cht ha tan trong nc quyt nh.
Bng phng php cm quan chia mi v ra thnh 5 cp:
Khng mi (v ).
Mi v rt nh.
Mi v nh.
C mi vi.
C mi v hi mnh.
C mi v mnh.
Cht rn:
L phn cn li sau khi bay hi nc v sy nhit 103-105 0C. Gm c cc loi cht rn:
ha tan, l lng, bay hi v khng bay hi.
n v tnh ca cht rn l (g/l ).

Trang 26
dn in :
Ph thuc vo hm lng v thnh phn cc loi ion, cc cht kh ha tan trong nc nh
CO2, NH2. Tng nng ion cng ln th dn in cng cao.
C th da vo dn in nhn xt hm lng mui khong.
n v bng V/cm.
b. Cc ch tiu ha hc.
kim:
c trng cho kh nng kt hp ca nc vi cc acid mnh.
Biu din bng mg E ca cc ion OH-, CO3 2-, HCO3- v mt s ion khc ca cc acid hu
c yu nh gumat, hydrat, c trong 1ml H2O.
kim c chia ra: kim bicacbonat, cacbonat, v hydrat. y l ch s quan trng
v ch tiu ca nc. Nu qu ln nh hng n qu trnh sinh hc, ha hc khi ng ha v ln
men, tiu tn nhiu acid thc phm khi sn xut nc ngt pha ch.
pH:
c trng bi nng H+ c trong nc (pH = - log [H+]). Tnh cht xc nh theo gi tr pH.
pH 5.5: nc c tnh acid mnh.
5.5 < pH < 6.5: nc c tnh acid yu.
7.5 < pH < 10.5: nc c tnh kim yu.
pH 10.5: nc c tnh kim mnh.
cng:
Do cc mui Ca2+, Mg2+ gy nn. n v tnh cng mg ng lng (mg E ) ion Ca2+
v Mg2+ trong mt 1lt nc.
cng gm: cng tm thi, cng vnh cu.
cng chung: l tng cng tm thi v cng vnh cu.
cng ca nc c chia ra 5 loi:
Nc rt cng: > 10 mg E
Nc cng : 6 10 mg E
Nc hi cng: 3 6 mg E
Nc mm: 1.5 3 mg E
Nc rt mm: < 1.5 mg E
cng l ch s quan trng ca nc dng trong sinh hot v cc ngnh cng nghip khc
nhau c bit l cng ngh ch bin nc gii kht.
s oxy ha:
c trng cho hm lng tp cht hu c v mt s cht d oxy ha c trong nc (cht
nhy, keo, acid hu c ) ch s ny cng cao th nc b bn nhiu.
Biu th oxy ha l s mg KMnO4.
cn ton phn:
L tng cc cht v c (ha tan hay khng ha tan) khng k cc cht kh c trong nc.
Xc nh cn ton phn bng cch un cho bc hi ht mt dung tch nc nht nh v
sy kh 105 1100C n khi trng lng khng i cn trng lng cn.
n v biu th bng mg/l.
c. Cc ch tiu vi sinh.
c trng cho s xm nhp v pht trin ca cc loi vi sinh vt c trong nc.
c biu din bng s lng vi sinh vt c trong 1ml H2O.
Thng thng quy nh chun s Ecoli: th tch nc t nht cho php pht hin 1 vi trng
ng rut.
Trang 27
Quy nh chung:
Chun s E coli: 300 CFU/ml.
Ch s E coli: 3 CFU/ml.
d. Ch tiu cht lng nc x l.
Bng 2.1 Ch tiu cht lng nc x l.
Tn tiu chun
Cm quan
Ha l
Vi sinh
Mu
Mi
V
c
pH
cng tng cng
oxy ha
St tng cng
NH4+
Cl
NO2NO3SO42Mn2+
Cu2+
Pb2+
Zn2+
Cd2+
Al3+
Hg2+
H2S
Tng cht rn ha tan
Coliform
Ecoli
Clostridium
Sulphate
Streptococcus feacalis
n v tnh
Ch s cht lng
nc x l
TCU
Khng mu
Khng Mi
Khng v
NTU
mgCaCO3/l
mgO2/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
mg/l
0.27
6.5-7.5
1
0.3
0.1
0.02
4
0
0
3
Vt
Vt
Vt
Vt
0
0
0
0
250
MPN/100ml
CFU/100ml
CFU/100ml
CFU/100ml
0
0
0
0
( Ngun ti liu phng KCS cng ty TNHH Tn Quang Minh)

Trang 28
2.1.3
S quy trnh x l nc.
Nc
Lc th
Lc tinh ln 1
Trao i ion
Lc tinh ln 2
Nc
x l
X l UV
Nc
x l
Hnh 2.2. S quy trnh x l nc.

Trang 29
2.1.4 Thuyt minh quy trnh x l nc.
a. Qu trnh lc s b.
Mc ch:
Loi b cc tp cht c kch thc ln nh ct, t, rc... v cc tp cht gy mi l nh Clo,
H2S... Nc c bm vo b lc dng phun ma kh st v oxy ha cc cht c trong nc
nh Clo.
Nguyn l hot ng:

Nc phun t dn phun xung kh mi v oxi ha Fe2+ thnh Fe3+, Fe3+ kt hp vi nc
to thnh Fe(OH)3 kt ta bm trn b mt vt liu lc. Cc tp cht nh bn, phn, cc cht gy
mi cng c gi trn b mt lp vt liu lc.
Nc s c chy vo b cha.
Thit b:
Dn phun ma.
B lc s b vt liu lc:
Dng ht: ct si, than,
Dng tm: tm kim loi c l, li kim loi.
Dng si: si bng, si ay, si tng hp,
Dng vt xp: s, si thy tinh, cao su, giy,
b. Qu trnh lc th.
Mc ch:
Loi cc tp cht l lng dng keo, huyn ph.
Nguyn tc:
Nc i t ngoi vo trong ct lc, ln lt i qua lp vi n lp bng, cc tp cht l lng
c gi li bn trn b mt vt liu lc.
Mi ngy thay lp bng gn mi v ra sch vi, dy thun bng nc.
Thit b:
Bn lc.
Vt liu lc l vi v bng gn.
c. Qu trnh lc tinh.
Mc ch:
Loi b tp cht c kch thc ln hn 1 um.
Nguyn tc:
Dng ct lc c kch thc l lc 1 um gi tp cht ln hn kch thc l lc.
Thit b:
Bn lc tinh bng inox.
d. Qu trnh trao i ion.
Mc ch:
Loi b cc ion Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), Iron (Fe2+), Sodium(Na+), Potassium
(K+), Chloride (Cl-), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Nitrate (NO3-),Carbonate (CO32-), Sulfate (SO42-) lm
mm nc v a nc v pH = 6-8 ph hp cho sn xut.
Nguyn tc:
Nc c di chuyn ln lt t ct cation n ct anion.
Ti ct trao i cation:
Nc i t di ln tip xc vi ht nha cationit R[H+], cc cation nh Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+ ...
tc dng ha hc vi catinoit v c gi li, nc i ra c hm lng ion kim loi thp nhng c
tnh axit.
Trang 30
2H[R] + CaCl2 Ca{R}2+ H2O
2H[R] + Na2SO4 Na{R}+ H2O
Ti ct trao i anion: loi b cc ion OH-, Cl- ...
OH[R1] + HCL Cl[R1] + H2O
2OH[R1] + H2SO4 SO4[R1]2 + H2O
Qua hai giai on trao i anion v cation ta lot tr c hu ht cc ion kim loi. Nc ra
khi ct anion l nc mm, t tp cht.
Thit b:
Thit b trao i ion.
e. Tit trng UV.
Mc ch:
Tiu dit vi sinh vt v bo t bng nh sng cc tm.
Nguyn tc:
Dng nc qua h thng ny di tc dng ca tia cc tm t nh sng ca n cc tm c
bc sng 2500 - 2600 A0 tiu dit vi sinh vt v bo t. Nc ra t h thng tiu dit UV l
nc sch.
Cc yu t nh hng ti mc kh trng ca n UV:
Cng bc x ca tia UV.
S lng vi sinh vt trong nc v thi gian lu thit b.
c ca nc (tp cht hu c v tp cht l lng), cc tp cht ny phn tn tia t ngoi
nn tia t ngoi khng i xuyn ht lp nc. Hiu qu kh trng cao hn khi nc c c
thp. y l l do h thng x l nc tit trng UV t cui cng sau cc qu trnh lc v trao i
ion.
Cch tin hnh:

Nc c bm t b cha ln lt qua bn lc th loi b tp cht c kch thc > 1 um,
qua bn lc tinh loi b tp cht nh hn. Tip , nc qua ct cation ca h thng trao i ion
loi cc ion kim loi, qua ct anion loi cc ion m nh Cl- , SO42-
Nc tip tc qua bn 1000 lt, ti y nc c ly mu kim tra, nu t yu cu th
chuyn tip qua bn lc tinh ln hai gi li cc ht c kch thc rt nh (<1 um ) nc tip tc
vo h thng lc vi sinh bng n cc tm loi b vi sinh vt v cc bo t c trong nc. Cui
cng nc c dn qua bn 2000 lt c ly mu kim tra. Nu t yu cu th c bm i sn
xut. Nc s dng tha c hi lu v bnh cha.
Nc qua h thng x l bng tia UV s c s dng lm nc tinh khit, cn nc qua h
thng trao i ion c dng sn xut cc loi nc gii kht.
Thit b:
n cc tm.

Trang 31
2.1.5
Kim tra v x l nc.

a. Thi gian.
Sau mi gi KCS tin hnh ly mu kim tra nc. Mi ln ly 4 mu: 3 bnh 1000 lt v
mt bnh 2000 lt.
b. Cc ch tiu kim tra.
Cm quan: Trong sut khng mu, khng mi, khng v.
Ha l:
pH = 6.5 7.5
dn in: 0 50
cng: cc ion kim loi cn xt li khng ng k.
Vi sinh:
Ch s Ecoli: < 3
Vi khun k kh trong 1ml H2O: l 0
Vi khun hiu kh trong 1 ml H2O: < 10 khun lc sau 24h 370C.

Trang 32
2.1.6
S c v cch khc phc

Bng 2.2. Cc s c v cch khc phc trong qu trnh x l nc
Thit b
B lc s b
Ct lc bng
Ct lc ch
Ct trao i ion
ng lc vi sinh
Cc ng ng
Bm
S c
+ Ct c kch thc nh lt qua
l li, lng xung y.
+ Vt liu gim kh nng lc
lm nc c.
+ B lc b nght do tp cht,
bn, ct,
+ Vi lc v dy thun v sinh
khng sch.
+ Dy thun qun khng cht
lm nc lc khng trong.
+ V sinh cy lc khng sch.
+ Do ti s dng nhiu ln nn
kch thc l mao qun ln,
dn dn gim kh nng gi
cc ht keo l lng v cn nh.
+ Cc ht nha gim kh nng
hp th theo thi gian, nu
khng nh k ti sinh th pH
nc khng t lm nc b
chua.
+ Mi hn ca ct lc b x lm
nc chy ra ngoi.
+ B cc ct chn nha lm ht
nha bung ra ngoi.
+ Mi hn b h, nc chy
qua ng thy tinh lm n
chy.
+ B b hoc b x do lu lng
nc khng n nh.
Cch khc phc

+ Thng xuyn sc ra b.
+ Thay lp ct, ra sch v
ti s dng.
+ Sc ra b nh k.
+ Lm v sinh tht sch vi
lc.
+ Qun dy thun cht.
+ V sinh tht k.
+ nh k phi thay cy
lc mi.
+ nh k ti sinh cc ht
nha.
+ Kim tra cc mi hn
thng xuyn.
+ Thay cc ct nha mi.
+ Phi hn li mi hn v
thay bng n mi.
+ iu chnh lu lng
nc.
+ Kim tra thng xuyn
lu lng nc, cc van
+ Bm b hng do lu lng hi lu gim p lc
nc qu ln.
bm.
+ Thay bm mi hoc sa
cha.
(Ngun Ti lu cng ty Tn Quang Minh)

Trang 33
2.2 ng.
2.2.1
Mc ch.
Cung cp nng lng, iu chnh hi ha gia ngt v chua v mi thm ca nc
gii kht.
2.2.2
ng s dng.
C th s dng nhiu loi ng khc nhau. Thng s dng nht l ng saccharose v
khng c hu v xu.
Tiu chun cht lng ng:
Bng 2.3 Ch tiu cht lng ng
Tn ng
Hm lng Hm lng Hm
Saccharose ng kh lng tro
ng tinh
99.67%
luyn loi 1
ng tinh
99.45%
luyn loi 2
Ngun gc
0.15%
0.10%
0.07%
Vit Nam
0.17%
0.15%
0.07%
Vit Nam
( Ngun theo TCVN 1695-75)

2.2.3
Ch tiu cht lng cn nh gi.

Cm quan: trng ng nh, ht ng tng i ng u, khng c tp cht hay mi v l,
khng vn cc
Ha l: m, hm lng ng Saccharose, hm lng tro, hm lng kim loi nng,
Vi sinh: tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh, nm men, nm mc, Ecoli,
2.3 Hng liu.
2.3.1
Mc ch.
Tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm.
Lm a dng ha sn phm.
Hng liu chim mt phn nh trong thnh phn nc gii kht nhng n c tc dng to
cho nc gii kht c mi thm c trng.
2.3.2
Phn loi.
a. Hng t nhin.
T cc loi nguyn liu t nhin ban u c tch ra bng phng php vt l.
Phng php chng ct bng hi nc: tinh du
Phng php chng ct cn: Alcolat
Phng php trch ly v bay hi: cht trch ly
Ngoi ra cn thu nhn bng phng php vi sinh.
u im: sn phm cui cng c th t 100% t nhin, gi c nguyn vn mi ca sn
phm, v du hn mi tng hp.
Nhc im: d b oxy ha bi oxy khng kh v b phn hy bi nh sng mt tri.
b. Hng tng hp
Gm nhng cht thm c tng hp hoc tch ra t mt cht thm t nhin hoc cc
phng php ha hc. Chng c thnh phn ha hc c th ging ht mt cht hin din trong cc
sn phm t nhin m ngi ta c th dng lin hoc ch bin hoc nhng phn t thm cha c
nhn din trong mt sn phm t nhin. Bao gm cc h: Aldehyt, Cetone, Ester, Hydrocacbon,
Alcol, Acetate,
u im: bn, tui th di, chu c nhit v p sut cao, gi r.
Trang 34
2.3.3
Cc loi hng s dng.

S dng hng t nhin.
Hm lng s dng ty thuc vo sn phm ng GMP.
Hng Cam.
Hng Xoi.
Hng Vi.
Hng Cola.
Hng Caramel.
Hng Du.
Hng To.
Hng C chua.
Hng Chanh dy.
Hng Me.
2.3.4
Tiu chun la chon hng.
Chn kiu hng: ty thuc vo cng ngh, th hiu ngi tiu dng, tp qun,
Hm lng s dng: ty vo mc ch ng dng m ta c th s dng nhiu hm lng
khc nhau.
Hm lng c th thay i ty thuc vo:
T l cht bo s dng.
Cng ngh sn xut sn phm cui cng (un nng, lm lnh).
Ty theo th hiu, thi quen ca ngi tiu dng.
Mt mi hng qu nh s v v cng nh mt mi hng qu d cng b t chi.
Ngoi ra cn phi quan tm n cc thnh phn c trong sn phm, c bit l cc cht c
v. S c mt ca acid citric v tartaric cng c tc dng tng mi v ca sn phm.
2.3.5
Yu cu.
Khi mua v nhn hng liu cn kim tra tnh cht cm quan ca tng l hng sao cho ph
hp vi tn gi v cng thm nh: nh lng tiu hao cho tng loi nc gii kht.
2.3.6
Cch s dng.
Bidrico thng s dng hng dng lng (vi, du,), dng nh nh cam v c
nhp khu t chu u.
Nng s dng thng 1-2%.
Khi mua cn phi kim tra k v tnh php l, chng loi, cc thnh phn ha l, cc tp
cht hoc cc cht gy nguy hi cho c th con ngi.
2.3.7
Kim tra v x l nguyn liu.
Cc loi nguyn liu chnh v ph nhp v phi c kim tra theo cc phng php thch
hp loi nhng nguyn liu khng m bo cht lng theo yu cu.
Kim tra trn mi l hng nhp kho xng.
Kim tra trc khi a vo pha ch, s dng.
2.4 CO2.
2.4.1
Mc ch.
Tng gi tr cm quan, to bt, to v chua du.
Bo qun sn phm, tc dng gii nhit.
2.4.2 Yu cu.
CO2 phi tinh khit 99,5%.
Mu trng khng c mi v l.
CO2 s dng dng lng c cung cp t cc nh my sn xut t nguyn liu r ng
v c nn trong bn ln bng thp 300C v p lc 60-70 at.
Trang 35
CO2 trc khi a vo sn xut cn phi qua h thng lm sch mi, v, tp cht khng
gy hi n cht lng sn phm.
2.4.3
Quy trnh x l CO2.
a. S quy trnh x l CO2.
Hnh 2.3. S h thng x l CO2
b. Nguyn l hot ng.

CO2 lng c nhit -400C t tc cha c p sut cao s theo ng dn n thp ha kh v
i vo cc ng chm c cnh trao i nhit.
Ti y, CO2 lng c nhit thp s nhn nhit ca lp khng kh xung quanh cnh trao
i nhit lm tng nhit v theo chiu di ng ng n s dn chuyn sang trng thi kh. n
on cui ng ng ca thp ha kh th ton b CO2 lng chuyn ht sang trng thi kh v
theo ng ng dn n cc bnh lc.
Lp khng kh xung quanh cnh trao i nhit s trao i nhit i lu vi cnh trao i
nhit lm nhit gim xung nhanh chng, m trong lp khng kh s ha tuyt v bm ln
cnh trao i nhit lm gim hiu qu trao i nhit ca thit b. khc phc tnh trng ny
ngi ta cho vi nc chy t trn xung di thp
lm tan chy lp tuyt bm, tng hiu qu trao i nhit.
Kh CO2 dn trc tin qua bnh cha dung dch NaHCO3 nhm mc ch loi tp cht,
tng cng ion Na+ cho nc s a. Sau CO2 c dn qua bnh lc bng than hot tnh. Than
hot tnh s ng vai tr l lp lc c tc dng hp th cc cht mi v cc tp cht bi bn khc.
Cui cng kh CO2 c dn qua bnh cha dung dch KMnO4. Dung dch ny c tnh oxy ha rt
mnh s oxy ha cc cht mi, kh mi bi than, tiu dit vi sinh vt. Kh CO 2 sch c dn theo
ng ng n ni s dng.
c. Thit b.
S dng h thng x l CO2 gm: Tc cha CO2 lng, thp ha kh CO2 lng, nhm cc
bnh lc.

Trang 36
d. Thng s k thut bnh lc.
Bnh th nht cha dung dch NaHCO3: ha 150g NaHCO3 trong 250 lt nc.
Dung dch chim khang 2/3 th tch bnh.
Bnh th hai cha than hot tnh cha trong cc bao ti.
Bnh th ba cha dung dch KMnO4: liu lng ha thuc tm nh sau: ha tan khong 3
mung c ph trong 500 lt nc.
2.4.4
Kim tra cht lng CO2.

Bng 2.3 Kim tra cht lng CO2
TCVN
Kim tra
Tn ch tiu
trong
Mu sc
140-88
Cm quan
Mi
V
140-88
5042-1994
2.2
Ha l
Vi sinh
Hm lng ng tng, khng

nh hn (gam/lit).
Hm lng CO2, khng nh hn
(gam/lit).
Hm lng acid, tnh theo acid
citric (gam/lit).
Cht ngt ha hc
Hm lng cht bo qun
(natribenzoat) (gam/lit).
Tng s vi khun hiu kh, s
khun lc/ml, khng ln hn.
Ecoli, t bo/ml, khng ln hn.
Cl. perfringens
Vi
khun
gy
nhy
(Leuconostoc).
Nm men, nm mc, s t bo
nm/ml
St.aureus
Yu cu
Dung dch khng c cn,
khng c vt th l.
c trng cho tng loi sn
phm.
c trng cho tng loi sn
phm
V ngt, hi chua, cm gic t
li ca CO2.
98
2
0.2 - 1.2
Khng c c.
0.3 0.02
102
Khng c c.
Khng c c.
Khng c c.
Khng c c.
Khng c c.
(Ngun theo TCVN)
Acid thc phm.

B sung vo sn phm nhm:
To v chua du, tng hi ha v hng thm cho sn phm.
Tng kh nng chuyn ha saccharose thnh glucose v fructose.
To mi trng pH thp (pH=3-4) c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt, v bo qun.

Trang 37
a. Acid citric.
L mt tinh th mu trng, c chua cao, ngm nc, d tan trong nc.
Cng thc phn t: C6H8O7.H2O
Yu cu:
tinh khit 99%
Tp cht 0.5%
Acid sunfuric 0.05%
Asen 0.00014%
Ch tiu nh gi cht lng:

chua, hm lng tp cht, hm lng kim loi nng(Pb, As,), m
Hm lng s dng ty theo sn phm ( Ph hp GMP)
b. Acid tatraric.
Thng c nhiu trong nho nn gi l acid nho, t c s dng hn acid citric.
L tinh th mu trng, khng mu, tan tt trong nc.
ha tan tng khi nhit tng.
Cng thc phn t: C6H4O6.
Yu cu:
tinh khit 99%
Kim loi nng 0.0005%
Acid Sunfuric 0.05%
HCl 0.02%
Asen 0.00014%
Lng ti a s dng (theo TCVN): 3000ML
2.3 Nguyn liu ph.
2.3.1
Nc ct tri cy c c.
a. Mc ch.
Nng cao gi tr dinh dng, v tng gi tr cm quan.
b. Yu cu.
Nc ct tri cy phi qua x l khi a vo khng b kt lng, tch lp gy ra cc
hin tng khng tt cho sn phm.
2.3.2
Cht to c.
a. Mc ch.
To c cho nc gii kht nh nc cam, gy cm gic tht v thch th.
b. Yu cu.
Cht to c hay nh c phi phn tn u trong sn phm, to sn phm ng nht,
khng gy ra hin tng kt ta hoc tch lp.
2.3.3
Cht mu.
a. Mc ch.
Lm cho sn phm c tnh c trng, tng gi tr cm quan.
b. Phn loi.
Mu t nhin:
c trch ly t l( mu xanh l da, mu tm l cm), c( mu ta ca c dn, mu
vng ca c ngh), qu( mu cam ca qu gc, mu ca ht iu mu). Chng c gi tr
cao v liu dng ln nn thch hp vi cc sn phm cao cp, sn phm b dng cho tr
em,

Trang 38
Mu tng hp:
c to bng phng php ha hc t cc nguyn liu nhn to. Mu tng hp
thng r, s dng vi hm lng thp v kh bn.
Mu caramen:
L sn phm nhn c t saccharose khi un ti 180-1900C, l cht lng c mu sm
ti, v hi ng. Khi saccharose nng chy tip tc v b mt nc thnh caramen.
c. Cc loi mu s dng.
Trong sn xut nc gii kht Bidrico thng s dng cc loi mu sau:
Mu Caramen
K hiu: E150
c im:
Caramen c mu en,
L mu c thu bng cch sy ng sacaroza nhit cao
Cch s dng: dng cho nc gii kht cola, x x
Hm lng s dng ti a: 150ML
Mu Sunset yellow (E110):
K hiu: E110
Cng thc ha hc: C16H10N2Na2O7S2
Tn ha hc: Dinatri 6-hydroxy-5-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-2-naphthalen-6-sulfonat
Khi lng phn t: 452,38.
c im
L mu tng hp.
L mui Na ca axit Naphtol- sulphonic.
C mu vng da cam.
Sn phm thng mi c dng bt, ht mu vng . Mt lt nc c th ha tan
c 180g sunset yellow FCF. im lu l cht mu rt bn nhit. 1300C, mu sc vn
khng b thay i. Trong mi trng kim mnh, sunset yellow FCF s to nn mu .
Cch s dng
Liu dng: 0,5 mg/kg khi lng c th.
S dng cho nc gii kht cam, cream soda.
Ngun cung cp: c
Mu Ponceaux 4R (E.124)
K hiu : E124
Cng thc phn t : C20H11N2Na3O10S3 . 1,5 H2O
Phn t lng: 631,51
Tn ha hc: Trinatri -2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphtylazo)-6,8-naphthalendisulfonat.
c im :
L mt cht mu tng hp, dng bt c mu hi . Ha tan tt trong nc. Mt lt nc
0
16 C ha tan c 300g ponceau 4R.
Cch s dng :
S dng to mu cho nc ngt c gaz hng du.
Cht mu c s dng to mu trong sn xut thc ung pha ch khng cn v c cn,
ko.
Mu Apple green, Brilliant blue(E133)
K hiu: E133
Cng thc phn t: C37H34N2Na2O9S3
Trang 39
Tn ha hc: Dinatri 3-[n-etyl-n-[4-[[4-ln-etyl-n-(3-sulfonatobenzyl)-amino] phenyl] (2sulfonatophenyl) metylen]-2,5- xyclohexa-dien-1-yliden] ammoniometyl] benzensulfonat,
Khi lng phn t: 792,86
c im:
L mu tng hp, c mu xanh l sng.
cho nc to.
Cch s dng:
c php s dng Canada, Anh v M cho cc sn phm bnh ko,
Mu Tatrazine cho nc cream soda, to.
Tatrazine.
K hiu : E102
Cng thc ha hc: C16H9N4Na3O9S2
Tn ha hc: Trinatri 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonato-phenylazo)-Hpyrazol-3-cacboxylat.
Khi lng phn t: 534,37
c im:
L dn xut acid pyrazol cacboxylic, mu tng hp.
dng bt, ht, mu vng chanh.
Tan trong nc, tan mt phn trong etanol.
Liu lng dng: 0 7.5mg/kg th trng.(theo b y t liu dng ti a 300ML)
S dng cho nc ngt c gaz hng cam, nc p tri cy hng cam.
d. Yu cu.
L nhng cht khng c c tnh, khng gy ung th.
Nhng sn phm chuyn ha cc cht mu l nhng cht khng c c tnh.
Cc cht mu c tnh ng nht cao.
Phm mu sn xut phi t tiu chun ca v sinh, khng b cn c khi lu, ha
tan trong nc tt.
Mu trc khi s dng phi nh gi cm quan v kim tra mu theo tiu chun
chn, phi c s cho php ca B Y T.
Liu lng cho php cho Sunset yellow v tartrazine l 300ML
2.3.4
Cht bo qun.
a. Mc ch.
Ngn chn s pht trin ca vi sinh vt trong nc gii kht
Ko di thi gian bo qun.
b. Yu cu.
Cht bo qun thng s dng natribenzoat(E211).
K hiu quc t: E211.
Cng thc: C6H5COONa
c. Cch s dng
Liu lng ti a cho php s dng l 1000ML.
S dng pH = 3 hiu qu tt.
Nng natribenzoat trong sn phm phi t 0.5-1g/lit. Nng ny khng gy hi cho
sc khe con ngi.
Trc khi s dng cn pha chng bng nc si vi nng 0.2-0,3kg/lit ri lc sch.
Ngoi ra, natribenzoat cn li d v trong sn phm, lm gim gi tr cm quan ca sn
phm.
Trang 40
2.3.5
Cht to ngt.
B sung hoc thay th bng mt cht to ngt khc m khng nh hng n sc khe con
ngi.
Liu lng s dng: Acesulfame-K l 500ML, Aspartame l 600ML
a. Aspartame (E951 ).
Mc ch:
L loi ngc dng cho ngi mc bnh tiu ng.
Khng sinh nng lng.
Tnh cht:
L loi ng ha hc khng cha calo (4 kilocalori/gram).
L mt cht bt mu trng, khng mi, ngt hn ng khong 200 ln.
Aspartame khng b phn hy trong mi trng kh v ng lnh.
Khi bo qun mi trng m t vi nhit trn 300C th Aspartame c th tan ra v
mt ngt qua thi gian.
Nm 1987: C quan Qun l Thc phm v Dc phm Hoa k (FDA) xc nh
Aspartame khng gy c hi cho thc phm.
Yu cu:
Mt s nh hng khng ng k c th xut hin liu lng cao, nhng vn an ton khi
dng ng liu lng hay di liu lng cho php ADI.
Liu dng cho php ca Aspartame mi ngy (ADI) l 40mg/kg th trng.
b. Acesulfame K( E950).
Mc ch:
Tng cng v duy tr ngt ca sn phm.
Yu cu:
Acesulfame-K cn c gi l Sunette, Sweet One, Sweetn.
Acesulfame-K c pht hin nm 1967.
L mt cht n nh, kt tinh cht ngt vi cu trc ha hc tng t saccharose.
C ngt khong 150-200 ln.
Nm 1988: Acesulfame-K c FDA nh gi 8 ln cho s an ton.

Trang 41
Chng III: QUY TRNH CNG NGH
III. CNG NGH SN XUT
3.1 Nc ngt c gas
3.1.1 S quy trnh cng ngh
Nc
x l
ng
Ha kh
Lm lnh
Nu
Lc
Bo ha CO2
Lc
Phi trn
Lm ngui
sy kh
Chit rt
Pha ch
Ra
Ghp np
Siro mi
Chai,
Lon
Lm m
CO2
Hng
liu,
mu,
acid
thc
phm
Np
Thi kh
In date
Dn nhn
V Thng
Nc ngt c
gaz chai, lon
Hnh 4.1. S quy trnh sn xut nc ngt c gas

Trang 42
3.1.2 Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh:
a. Nu:
Mc ch:
Ha tan cc cu t ng vo hn hp.
Tiu dit vi sinh vt, tng thi gian bo qun sn phm.
To iu kin saccharose chuyn ha thnh ng nghch o lm tng v ngt du ca
ng.
Tng n nh ca sn phm.
Thng s k thut:
Thi gian: 10 pht
Nhit : Nu 90-920C, lc 80- 850C
p sut: 1atm.
Cnh khuy hot ng 1000 vng/pht
Tin hnh:
Qu trnh nu gm 3 giai on: Ha tan ng trong nc, un si, chuyn ha ng
thnh siro.
u tin ta bm nc x l vo ni, m cnh khuy, m van hi cp nhit cho nc.
Nng nhit nc trong ni t 65- 750C, bt u cho ng vo sau nh mc nc
theo quy nh.T l c s dng l 700kg ng/ 100lt siro.
Tin hnh cho acid citric vo khong 1,5- 2g/1kg ng v tip tc khuy, gia nhit n
0
90- 92 C v gi nhit ny trong thi gian 10 pht to iu kin cho qu trnh chuyn ha
ng hon nguyn (20 30%).
Cho vo dung dch 2g/1lit siro natribenzoat bo qun siro ngn chn s pht trin ca
nm men, nm mc.
Tin hnh khuy u v em siro i lc sch nhit 80- 850C.
Yu cu:
Dch siro c 0Bx = 67
Bin i:
900C, mt phn ng saccharose chuyn ha thnh Glucose v Fructose. Lm tng
ngt v hm lng cht kh cho sn phm, tng kh nng hp thu ng.
Phng trnh:
H+
C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6
Saccharose
Glucose
Fructose

Trang 43
Thit b
Ni nu Siro bng Inox
S c v cch khc phc:

S c:
Cnh khuy quay qu nhanh to nhiu bt lm c dch siro.
Bt bn ln thnh thit b hoc hi t cung cp khng ko di thi gian nu lm
ng b caramen ha gim cht lng siro.
Bm b hng, ng ng b h.
Cch khc phc:
Chnh li tc cnh khuy xung 30-35 vng/pht.
Cung cp hi.
Sa cha bm.
b. Lc v lm ngui:
Mc ch:
Tch chit cc tp cht c hc ln vo trong ng trong qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun.
Lm ngui dch siro xung 30 - 400C chun b cho phi ch hng liu, mu, acid,
to siro bn thnh phm t yu cu cng ngh v gim s tn hao ca chng do nhit gy ra.
Thng s k thut.
Siro c mu vng nh, trong sut khng ln tp cht.
Siro khng ln mi l, ch c th c mi nh ca natribenzoat.
Siro c v ngt thanh chua nh.
Siro khng cha vi sinh vt gy bnh.
Nng cht kh 670Bx.
Cch tin hnh
H nhit siro n 80-850C gim nht ca siro to thun li cho qu trnh
lc.
Bm dch siro t bn cha qua ti lc bng vi th. Ti ny c gn ming bn lm
ngui.
Siro c lm n hnh tr c h thng ng xon. Nc lnh i trong ng trao i nhit
gin tip vi siro bn ngoi. Trong sut qu trnh lm ngui, thit b phi c y kn np.
Dch ng khi t nhit 30-400C th c a vo bn trung gian chun b cho phi
ch.
Thit b
Bn lm ngui.
Lc bng vi la.
S c v cch sa cha
Van b hng, ng vai khng cht cn sa cha hoc kha cht van.
c. Phi ch
Mc ch.
Ha tan cc cu t hng vo siro to hn hp ng nht chun b cho chit rt.
To hng v c trng cho sn phm phi trn siro chun b vi cc thnh phn nguyn
liu khc.
Qu trnh pha ch c th thc hin nhit phng hoc nhit thp.
Thng s k thut v cch tin hnh.

Trang 44
Chun b cc thnh phn pha ch iu kin ti u nht.
Dch siro t nhit 30-400C.
Nng 650Bx.
Cht mu, acid c pha thnh dung dch.
Hng liu s dng dng nguyn.
Cc cht ph gia khc u a v dng dung dch. Phi ch cc nguyn liu theo th t
nht nh: cu t no c lng nhiu nht phi ch trc ri cho cc cu t c s lng t hn. Sau
mi ln cho mt cu t cn khuy o k n khi ha tan hon ton mi cho cc cu t tip theo.
Hng liu cho vo sau cng.
Cm quan bn thnh phm trc khi chit rt. Lm lnh siro xung 250C trc khi em
chit rt. Chun b nc bo ha CO2.
Thit b
Thit b phi trn v bo ha CO2.
d. Lm lnh nc
Mc ch
Lm lnh nc 1-20C tng kh nng ha tan ca CO2 v gi CO2 trong nc.
Gim tn tht CO2 khi chit rt.
Trnh nhim vi sinh vt trong qu sn xut.
Thng s k thut v cch tin hnh

Nc x l c bm qua thit b lm lnh dng tm kiu khung bn trao i nhit
gin tip vi glycol.
Nc v dung mi ti lnh i ngc chiu nhau v lm lnh xung 1-20C.
Nc sau lm lnh c a vo thit b bo ha CO2.
e. Bo ha CO2
Mc ch.
Tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm.
To v cay t u li khi ung CO2 bay hi lm gim nhit c th, gy cm gic mt
d chu.
Bo qun, hn ch s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt.
Bin i.
Qu trnh bin i ph thuc vo nhit , p sut ha tan, thnh phn v hm lng cc
cht, cng ca nc, tc ha tan.
CO2 trong qu trnh bo ha tn ti trong hp cht H2CO3 c th bin i thun nghch v
dng kh CO2
Cch tin hnhH2O + CO2 H+ + CO32Ti bn bo ha nc c bm qua

b phn dng chp nn tng din tch tip xc vi
CO2.
CO2 sch c o lu lng v i vo thit b bo ha.
Nc v CO2 c phun vo nhau ri i vo bn cha CO2 u tin ha tan, sau lin kt
t bo ha. Lc ny, p sut to trn b mt l 3-4 kg/cm2.
CO2 d c thi b ti bn bo ha ny.
Nc bo ha c y qua phng chit rt nh p sut y ca CO2.
f. Chit rt sn phm
Mc ch
Ko di thi gian bo qun nh trnh tc ng bn ngoi.
Thun li cho qu trnh phn phi, vn chuyn sn phm.
Trang 45
Hon thin sn phm.

Nc gii kht c phi ch trong thit b bo ha CO2 s i qua b phn chit rt bng
cch dng CO2 to lc y v nc gii kht i vo bn cha ca my chit rt
t ng.
Chit rt vo chai: Qu trnh chit rt c thc hin th cng 50C v p sut 0,5-1atm.
Chai PET sau khi ra sch bng nc sch 2 ln. Sau , chai c a vo h thng chit rt
t ng ri em i ng np ngay trnh tn tht CO2.
Chit rt vo lon: u tin lon c chy theo bng chuyn n my chit rt, tip theo
my s gi v a lon ln bn cha lon v nc gii kht t thng cha c rt vo lon. Tip theo
lon nc s n b phn ng np t ng. Np c a n t 1 bng chuyn khc.
Sau lon s qua cng on kim tra ri qua qu trnh hp.
Thit b
Thit b chit rt
g. Hp chai, lon.
Mc ch
Nng nhit ca chai, lon n nhit thng chai cng cng ln thun
li cho qu trnh dn nhn, n nh hnh dng chai, lon.
Ngn nga s ti nhim ca vi sinh vt.

Chai, lon sau chit rt c nhit 5-100C i vo thit b hp.
Thit b hp gm 3 bung :
Bung 1 : t0 = 24-260C
Bung 2 : t0 = 25-270C
Bung 3 : t0 = 36-370C
Chai, lon i qua thit b hp s tip xc trc tip vi nc m c nhit tng
dn mi bung hp. Khi nhit sn phm cng tng dn n nhit thng.
Chai sau lm m c lm sch bng nc lnh trc khi ra khi bung hp. Nc
sau truyn nhit c bm hon lu tr li.
h. Lm kh
Mc ch:
Lm kh hon ton chai chun b cho qu trnh in date v dn nhn.
Cch tin hnh:

Chai sau khi ra khi bung hp c nhit t 30-330C i qua cc qut thi gn dc bng
ti. Khng kh nng c thi t cc qut s lm bay hi nc trn chai.
Chai sau khi lm kh i qua my in date. Ti y, h thng cm ng s pht hin v phun
mc in ln np chai i vi chai pet v phun y i vi lon.
Chai sau khi indate c a i dn nhn.
i. Dn nhn, v thng
Mc ch
Tng gi tr cm quan.
Cung cp thng tin v sn phm.
Thun li cho qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun sn phm.
Qung b thng hiu.
Thng s k thut v cch tin hnh:

Nhit my : 132 1330C
Trang 46
Thi gian: vi giy
Nhn c lm bng giy v ph PE. Trn nhn ghi y thng tin v sn
phm.
Khi sn phm chy trn bng ti,ngi cng nhn s a nhn vo chai ng
v tr quy nh.
Chai c a n mm xoay c xp vo thng.
3.1.3 Kim tra thnh phm
a. Kim tra bao b :
Kim tra nt:

Kim tra nt bng ngng o nt, trn ngng c hai phn NPP (khng qua) v P (qua)
chng t ng ng tiu chun v xem kh CO2 c b x ra hay khng.
Kim tra mc nc:

Kim tra mc nc bng thc o mc nc c vch chia (mc nc ty theo tng loi sn
phm, ty loi chai, quy nh cng ty). i vi lon th phi cn ri mi quy ra dung tch ca sn
phm.
Kim tra trong v mi v:

Trong chai, lon khng c vt rn, cn, mu sc ng quy nh ca tng loi sn phm
Hnh dng : khng c mp mo.
kn : chai khng b thng, khng b x gaz
Nhn : dnh cht vo chai
cng : chai phi t cng nht nh, cn loi b nhng chai mm.
b. Th x :
Ghp np xong ta tin hnh th x kim tra m hn c dnh cht ming chai khng, nu
khng t phi em i hn li.
c. Cm quan :
Mu sc, mi v : c trng cho sn phm
Trng thi : lng, ng nht
trong : Ty c tnh sn phm.
ngm gaz : phi t yu cu t 3,5-4 g/l
d. Ha l:
Kim tra CO2: bng phng php o.
o CO2 trong chai (o bng p k) trn p k c ng h p sut v ng h nhit ).
a sn phm chai hoc lon chai nha vo dng c o CO2.
Lc n khi kim ng h p sut dng li c ch s v s nhit , tra bng, ra CO 2
trn sn phm ri ghi chp kt qu (tiu chun CO2 ty theo sn phm, ty theo quy nh cng ty).
Hm lng CO2 : 3-4 g/cm2
Hm lng natri benzoat, kim loi nng : theo TCVN
Xc nh Bx : 60-70 g/l
Xc nh chua sn phm
e. Vi sinh:
Xc nh tng vi sinh vt hiu kh : 10 khun lc/ml
Xc nh coliform, e.coli : 0/1ml
Xc nh tng s bo t nm men, nm mc : 0/1ml
Cc vi khun gy bnh khc : 0/1ml
Lu mu tn cha 6 thng v 1 nm cng ty theo sn phm, khi n hn 6 thng
v 1 nm em sn phm ra kim tra li cc cng thc ha l.
Trang 47
3.1.4
S c v cch khc phc:

Van thit b lm ngui thng b h lm gim kh nng lm ngui nn cn phi thng
xuyn kim tra v thay th.
Nhit ca chai sau khi hp vn cha t yu cu (nhit cn qu thp) do nhit ca
nc thp hoc tc bng ti bn trong my hp nhanh - tng lu lng hi nng nc phun,
gim tc bng ti.
Chai lon b tc, khng di chuyn hay di chuyn rt chm trn bng ti do ma st
ln - tng lng x phng trn bng ti gim ma st. Chai lon b nght bn trong bung hp dng thit b ly sn phm ra.
Nhit chai lon sau khi hp qu cao- gim lng hi nng.
Mt s s c v cch khc phc

Trang 48
3.2 Nc p Tri cy:
3.2.1
S quy trnh cng ngh:
ng, ph
gia, acid
citric
Hng liu,
nc p tri
cy
Ha tan
Gia nhit
Phi trn
Lon
Ra
N
c
Lc syrup
Chit rt
Lon
sch
nh lng
Ghp m
Lm ngui
In date
Bao gi
Nc p
Hnh 4.5. S quy trnh cng ngh nc p tri cy

Trang 49
3.2.2
Thuyt minh quy trnh:
a. Ha tan:
Mc ch:
Cc nguyn liu ng, nc, acid citric, nc ct tri cy ha trn thnh mt dung dch
ng nht.
Cch tin hnh:
Ta tin hnh ha tan nhng nguyn liu c kch thc ln v nhiu trc.
Yu cu:
Cc nguyn liu trc khi a vo sn xut phi kim tra cc ch tiu m bo
cht lng.
Thit b:
b. Gia nhit:
Mc ch:
Chuyn cc cht ha tan v thnh dng dung dch chun b cho qu trnh chit
rt.
Cc bin i:
Bin i ha l: c s thay i mu sc, v cc nguyn liu khuch tn vo nhau to
thnh mt dung dch ng nht.
Bin i sinh hoc: tiu dit mt s vi sinh vt.
Thng s k thut:
Thi gian: khong 10 pht.
Nhit : 91 - 950C
p sut: 1atm
Cch thc hin:
Nc tinh khit c gia nhit ln 850C, sau b sung ng , cht bo qun, tip
tc un ln 91-950C, trong qu trnh ny b sung thm acid citric chuyn ha ng khong 10
pht. Kim tra t Brix th em i phi trn.
Yu cu:
Gi nhit n nh tng kh nng ha tan v gim s tht thot hng.
c. Qu trnh chit rt:
Mc ch:
Ngn chn s xm nhp vi sinh vt vo sn phm.
D vn chuyn, d phn phi, tin s dng.
Ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm.
Cch tin hnh:
Rt nng 700C nhm ngn chn oxy khng kh, vi khun xm nhp vo sn phm,
bi kh. Trong qu trnh chit rt c s dng nit lng.
Nhit nit lng l: -2000C, p sut 5kg/cm2.
Khi phun nit lng vo sn phm th kh nng ha tan vo sn phm rt t. Trong
qu trnh bo qun nit tch pha v nm trn b mt sn phm. Do , khi ngi tiu dng s
dng, np lon m ra th nit bay hi ht nn khng nh hng n sc khe ngi tiu dng.
Yu cu:
m bo khi lng nc trong 1 lon.
Thi gian rt ngn
Thit b chit rt:
S dng my chit rt ca sn phm nc ngt c gas dng lon.
Trang 50
d. Lm ngui:
Mc ch:
H nhit t sn phm 700C xung cn 300C thun li cho qu trnh tip theo
v bo qun.
Gy sc nhit lm cho cc bo t vi sinh vt b tiu dit nhanh hn.
Bin i:
Bin i ha l: sn phm tip tc b bin i nhng khng ng k.
Bin i sinh hc: lm ngui nhanh s tiu dit mt s vi sinh vt.
Cch tin hnh:
Lon sau khi chit rt s c bng ti chuyn vo my lm ngui. Ti y lon c
tip xc vi nc ngui c nhit tng dn mi trng lm ngui. Khi xy ra s trao i
nhit, lm tng nhit ca nc v lm gim nhit ca sn phm. Nc c bm hi lu, sn
phm lon c di sch bng nc lnh ri a qua cng on in date.
Yu cu:
Sn phm sau khi ra thit b lm ngui phi t nhit khong 300C.
3.2.3
S c v cch khc phc:

Nhit ca lon sau khi lm ngui vn cha t yu cu (nhit cn qu cao) do nhit
ca nc cao hoc tc bng ti bn trong my lm ngui nhanh - tng lu lng nc phun,
gim tc bng ti.
Lon b tc, khng di chuyn hay di chuyn rt chm trn bng ti do ma st ln - tng
lng x phng trn bng ti gim ma st.
Lon b nght bn trong bung hp - dng thit b ly sn phm ra.
Do thit b bng ti khng m bo lm lon b thng do vy nng sut gim
3.3 Thit b chnh s dng:
3.3.1
Thit b nu
a. Vai tr
Ha tan cu t ng vo hn hp to thnh hn hp siro ng nht.
b. Cu to
Ni nu bng inox hai lp v c lp bo n, cnh khuy, m t, np ni, ng thng hi,
ng h o nhit , ng h o p sut hi, ng dn hi vo, ng n hi ra, van an ton, van x
y.Gia hai v cha hi nc tc nhn gia nhit cho qu trnh nu.
Nhit nu trong thit b dao ng 90 1100C.
Ch thch:
1a. V trong.
1b. V Ngoi.
2. Np ni.
3. H dn ng trc khuy.
4. Trc khuy.
5. Cnh khuy.
6. Ca tho siro.
7. ng hi nc vo.
8. ng hi nc ngng.
9. Nhit k.
10. Van an ton.
11. ng thng hi.
Hnh 3.3 Cu to thit b nu ng
Trang 51
Ghi ch.
1. Ni nu ng.
2. Bn lm ngui.
3. Bn trung gian.
4. Bm.
Hnh 3.4. S h thng thit b nu Siro

c. Cch vn hnh
Nc c bm vo ni nu sau m van cung cp hi cho thit b nng nhit ca
nc ln 60- 700C ng c cho vo t t, sau cho bt motor cho cnh khuy hot ng vi
tc 1000 vng/ pht, to iu kin chuyn ha ng.
3.3.2
Thit b lm ngui
a. Nhim v
Nhm lm h nhit ca dch ng xung 30-400C
b. Cu to
Ghi ch:
1. Thn ni
2. Np ni
3. Tay cm m np
4. Trc khuy
5. Cnh khuy
6. H thng dn trc khuy
7. ng rut g
8. ng nc phun bn ngoi thnh
ni
9. Nhit k
Hnh 3.5 Cu to thit b lm ngui
c. Nguyn l hot ng
Da vo s trao i nhit gia tc nhn lm ngui (nc ) i bn trong ng xon rut g
vi dung dch siro bn ngoi, lm nhit ca dung dch siro gim xung. Nc tun hon vo ra
lin tc.
3.3.3
Thit b phi trn
a. Nhim v
Kt hp khuy trn mu mi to c trung cho sn phm
Dng khuy trn nguyn liu t ng nht nht nh
Trang 52
b. Cu to
Ghi ch:
1.ng c
2.Phu phi liu
3.Cnh khuy
4.ng thu quan st
9.Nc ra sau lm lnh
5.Ca x y
6.ng nc lnh vo
7.Van vo trn
8.Ni 2 v
Hnh 3.6 Cu to thit b phi trn
c. Cch vn hnh
Nguyn liu c cho vo ca np liu (2)
Khi ng ng c (1) cnh khuy lm vic, khuy o nguyn liu.
Trong qu trnh khuy trn, c th thm nc van (6)
Nguyn liu sau khi khuy trn xong c ly ra ca y (5)
3.3.4
Thit b phi trn v bo ha CO2
a. Mc ch
Phi trn bo ha CO2 vo nc sau ha trn dch siro mi to sn phm nc gii kht
c trng.
b. Cu to
Hnh 3.7. Thit b phi trn nc ngt c gas

Trang 53
3.3.5
Thit b chit rt:
a.
Nhim v
Thit b chit rt nhm rt dch vo lon
Thit b ng np lm nhim v ghp np vo lon sau khi rt dch treo hon thin sn
phm.
b.
Cu to
Hnh 4.7 Cu to thit b chit rt v ghp np

Ch thch:
A. Thit b rt lon
B. Thit b ghp np
1. Bn cha dung dch treo
2. Knh quan st
3. Vi rt
4. Vt ti
5. ng tr ln m
6. ng tr dp y
7. Bng ti
Thit b rt lon:
Gm mt bnh hnh tr cha dung dch siro, bn di c 16 vi rt c b tr quanh bn
vi khong cch u nhau, chuyn ng ln xung, cc sn phm c di chuyn nh bng ti.
Thit b ng np:
Cc lon c vt ti vn chuyn n thit b ghp np. Thit b gm 3 b phn hot ng
song song, chuyn ng tnh tin. Mi b phn gm 5 ng hnh tr nm st nhau, ng chnh gia
c tc dng gi np dp vo lon, 4 ng tr cn li xoanh trn xung quanh c tc dng ln m.

Trang 54
Chng IV: DY CHUYN CNG NGH
IV. DY CHUYN CNG NGH.

4.1 L hi.
4.1.1 Mc ch.
Hi c cung cp cho b phn nh my nh nu ng, nu sa, thanh trng, hp lon, tit
trng
4.1.2 Nguyn l hot ng v thng s k thut.
a. Thit b.
M hiu: LT2/10 E2.
Nhin liu: Than , ci.
Cu to: T hp ng l v bung
la.
L c kt cu t 1 ng l, than l v hai
dn
ng la. Bung t c b tr trong ng l.
b. Thng s k thut.
Nhit l hi: 1830C.
p sut lm vic: 10 Kg/cm2.
Nng sut sinh hi: 2000Kg/h.
Hiu sut: 75%.
Hnh 4.1. L hi LT2/10E2
c. Nguyn l hot ng.
Nguyn liu t chy trong l, ngn la v khi nng truyn nhit bc x v i lu cho ng
l c cha nc lm nc si v bc hi.
ng l c thng vi hai bn cha t trong l, sau di tc dng ca qut y v qut
ht khi i ra hp khi pha sau cng vi bi nhin liu. Ti hp khi, phun nc di dng sng
lm t bi, lng bi. Nc sau khi lng bi c lc v hon lu tr li lng bi.
4.1.3 Cch vn hnh.
a. Kim tra li ni hi.
Kim tra y cc ph kin nh: ng h p sut, ng thy, cc loi van, dy tip t ng
c v tnh trng k thut bn trong bung t.
Kim tra mc nc trong ng thy nm di mc trung bnh trn mc thp nht.
V tr cc van: van cp hi ng, van x kh ng.
b. Chun b ni t.
Xp ci ln ghi l, chun b gi y nhm l, m tm chn khi trong ng khi vi gc
ln nht v bt u nhm l. Kho la bt u chy th ng ca np la.
Tin hnh x hi nc ngng ti ng gp hi.
ng van x kh khi c hi nc thot ra.
c. Vn hnh.
Chun b cp hi khi p sut ni hi t ch s quy nh. H m van ci sy m trong
vng 2 pht. Sau , m ton b van ci cp hi cho cc thit b s dng. Kim tra mc nc
ng thy m bo lun mc trung bnh. iu chnh qu trnh chy hp l duy tr cc thng s
ca ni.
Mi ca phi: Thng ra ng thy 2-3 ln, kim tra van an ton mt ln.
u ca v cui ca x y ni lm 3 hi, mi hi cch nhau khong 15 giy.
Khi np thm nhin liu ch quan st cc b phn ngng s c kp thi.
Trang 55
d. Kt thc vn hnh.
Cui ca tit kim nhin liu t. Tin hnh thng ra ng thy v x y. Bm nc n
mc trung bnh ng thy. Kha van hi ci, m van x kh h p sut sau ng li. ng tm
chn khi v ca thng gi ngm ghi.
Ghi chp tnh hnh vn hnh.
e. S c v cch s l.
L hi b cn nc nghim trng:
Hin tng:
ng thy khng c nc m c mu sng ng nh.
Nguyn nhn:
Khi vn hnh khng quan st bm nc b sung.
Bm nc hng.
Ni b chy nc van kha x y hoc c cp nc do mt chiu khng kn.
X l s c:
ng van ra ca ng thy v m van x y thng ng hi.
Nu thy nc c km hi thot ra ng x th ni cn nc nhng cha mc
nghim trng. Tin hnh bm nc b sung gin on cho ni.
Nu ch thy c hi thot ra th ni cn nc nghim trng. Tin hnh tt in bm
nc. ng tm chn khi trn ng khi v kha van hi ca np liu. S tn khu vc nh l v
bo co vi ngi c trch nhim.
Trng hp bm hng hoc cc van kha ng x, van mt chiu nc i khng kn.
Ngng hot ng l, l ngui v tin hnh kim tra xem xt. Sau khi khc phc cc h hng
trn mi c php vn hnh tr li.
L hi b y nc qu mc:
Hin tng:
ng thy b ngp nc, c ting va p ben ben trong ni.
Nguyn nhn:
Cng nhn vn hnh qu mc qui nh giai on nhm l.
H thng nc cp b hng khng dng khi nc cp .
Ci ch bm nc qu cao.
X l s c:
Ngng hot ng ni hi.
Tin hnh x van y gin on, khi mc nc t yu cu th cho ni vn hnh tr li.
Cc b phn ca l hi b chy nc, b nt:

Hin tng:
Hi nc thot qua ng khi v km theo ting ng (hin tng nc chy ni c kim
loi hoc mi hn b h).
Nguyn nhn:
Cn bm qu dy lm cn tr s truyn nhit dn n qu nhit lm bin dng kim loi.
B chu p b mn, mng qu gii hn cho php khng chu c p lc dn n b nt.
X l s c:
Tin hnh m valve x kh v ngng du t nu kim loi b bin dng, hay tin hnh tt h
thng t nu b nt kim loi.
N ng sinh hi:
Hin tng:
C ting n trong bung t hi nc v khi ra m mt.
Trang 56
Nguyn nhn:
ng sinh hi qu mng s dng lu ngy khng thay th hoc do ngng l qu lu khng bo
qun ng k thut dn n b n mn hoc b mc.
X l s c:
Tin hnh ngt cu dao in v kha van hi ci (khng c m ca np liu v nc phun
ra lm bn cng nhn vn hnh).
ng thy bo mc nc gi:
Hin tng:
Mc nc ng thy ng yn khng giao ng
Nguyn nhn:
Do ngi vn hnh khng lm v sinh ng thy hng ngy.
X l s c:
Nu khng c kh nng theo di p sut l thng qua mt thit b no khc th phi tin hnh
ngng l theo th t nh qui trnh vn hnh.
Van an toan khng kn v khng lm vic:

Hin tng:
p sut trong l qu mc qui nh m valve an ton vn khng lm vic.
Cha n p sut qui nh c hi nc thot ra.
Nguyn nhn:
Do cng nhn vn hnh khng thc hin kim tra cng ch trong qu trnh vn hnh nn b
mt tip xc b bn hoc l xo b kt.
X l s c:
Tin hnh kim tra van, nu vn khng khc phc c th phi ngng l, tho van sa
cha v kim nh li.
4.2 in.
Ngun in ca cng ty c ti t trm bin th ca khu cng nghip Vnh Lc.
4.3 H Thng x l CO2.
4.2.1
Mc ch.
Lm sch CO2 khng gy nh hng n cht lng sn phm.
4.2.2
Thit b v cu to
H thng bao gm 3 thit b chnh: Tc cha CO2 lng, thp ha kh CO2 lng,
nhm cc bnh lc.
a. Tc cha CO2 lng
Tn thit b: Tc cha CO2 lng.
K hiu: L CO2 -40/22 0707
Tiu chun ch to: TCVN 6513 6156/96. Nm ch to: 2007
Thng s k thut:
Dung tch: 40.000 lt.
p sut (P) lm vic: 22 bar.
p sut thit k: 23 bar
Nhit lm vic: -400C
V chn khng:
p sut lm vic: -1 bar
p sut mng phng n: +0,5 bar
Nhit lm vic: +350C

Trang 57
b. Thp ha kh CO2 lng.
Dng thp ng chm thng ng c cnh trao i nhit, bn trn c vi nc.
Hnh 4.2. S cu to thp ha kh CO2

c. Thit b trao i nhit dng tm tm.
Tn thit b: S dng thit b trao i nhit dng tm tm.
Cu to:
Dng cc tm c ghp song song vi nhau thnh nhng hp rng v c ni vi nhau
to thnh li chuyn ng cho nc v cht ti lnh. Gia tm bn c cc tm m kn m bo
ngn cch hai lp cht chuyn ng. Bn ngoi c cc gi p cht cc tm bn li vi nhau.
Nc v cht ti lnh chuyn ng ngc chiu do tc trao i nhit cao, nng sut ca thit
b ln. Thit b c s dng tt vi nhng thc phm dng lng, cc loi ung, nc p tri
cy, cc sn phm sa....
Hnh 4.3. Thit b trao i nhit dng tm

Trang 58
d. Nhm cc bnh lc.
Bnh th nht cha dung dch NaHCO3:
Bnh th hai cha than hot tnh cha trong cc bao ti.
Bnh th ba cha dung dch KMnO4:
4.4 H thng x l nc.
4.3.1
Ngun cung cp v mc ch.
a. Ngun cung cp.
c ly t trm cp nc khu cng nghip Vnh Lc v thy cc nc t su 100m, t
tiu chun s dng cho cng ty do cng ty s dng cc b phn (lc th, trao i ion, lc tinh).
b. Mc ch.
X l lm sch, nng cao cht lng ca nc.

Trang 59
4.3.2
S h thng x l nc.
12
Hnh 4.4. S h thng x l nc

4.3.3
Thit b x l nc.
a. H thng lc s b.
Cu to:
Li lc c 3 lp:
Lp trn cng l ct,si.
Lp gia l than (ngn cch gia lp trn v lp gia l lp vi ln nc v than).
Lp di cng l trng.
B cha vt liu lc:
Cao 1,2m, 80% th tch b l vt liu lc.
H thng phun ma:
t ph trn b lc, lm bng cc ng nha c l v c ng h o nhit nc vo.
B cha nc lc: t pha di b lc.
Nguyn l hot ng
Nc c bm ln gin phun xung b lc ri qua cc lp vt liu lc v chy xung b
Trang 60
cha.
b. H thng lc th.
Cu to
Bn lc:
C dng hnh tr, pha trn c ng h p sut, bn trong c 4 tr nh v bng inox di l
=70 cm, ng knh d = 2 cm, tng ng vi 4 cy inh lc.
Ct lc:
L mt ng rng hnh tr c c l, ng knh cy lc 5 cm. Bn ngoi qun mt lp
bng dy 5 cm, thm t bng nc v bc bn ngoi bng mt lp vi v buc cht bng dy
thun.
Nguyn l hot ng
Nc i t bn ngoi s thm thu qua lp vi bng qua l trn trc rng theo ng ng
ra ngoi, nh vy cc cht bn bm trn b mt ct lc.
c. H thng lc tinh.
Cu to
H thng x l c 3 bn lc tinh bng inox.
Trn bn c ng h o p sut.
Hnh 4.5. Cu to ct lc th
S lng cy nh v trong 3 bn ln lt l 24, 30, 60 cy. Chiu di cc cy nh v l 51
cm, cy lc l 50 cm. ng knh trong cy nh v l 3 cm, ngoi ra l 7 cm, ng knh l lc l
1 m.
Nguyn tc hot ng:

Nc chy t ngy vo thm thu vo bn trong ct lc.
d. H thng trao i ion.
Cu to
Thit b trao i ion c 2 ct trao i anion v cation.
Chiu di mi ct l l = 2m, ng knh l d = 50 cm.
Hnh
Cu hai
to mt
ct lc
chMi mt bch
Bn trong l cc ht nha cationit v anionit c
gi4.6.
li nh
bch.
c 12 ng nh c chiu di l 20 cm, ng knh l 4.2cm. Trn mi ng u c cc rnh nh dn
nc vo, kch thc cc l ca cc rnh nh hn kch thc ht nha nhm gi cc ht nha, pha
di mi ng c l dn nc vo. Ht cationit v anionit c kch thc rt nh mu vng nht
(trong ht cationit mu sm hn).
Nh my c 3 h thng trao i ion.
Nguyn l hot ng
Nc chy qua thit b trao i ion i qua ct cation sau i qua ct anion loi b cc kim
loi
Hnh 4.7. Cu to ct trao i ion
e. Tit trng UV.
Cu to
L mt ng hnh tr di 50cm, ng knh d = 12cm.
Bn trong l ng thy tinh ngn khng cho nc thm vo bng n v trong cng l n cc tm.
Nguyn l hot ng.

Dng n cc tm bc sng = 2500-2600 A chiu vo dng nc qua ng x l vi sinh c
s lm tiu dit vi sinh vt v bo t.

Trang 61
Hnh 4.8 Cu to n UV
Chng V: SN PHM V KINH T CNG NGHIP
IV. CC DNG SN PHM.
5.1 Cc yu cu cn kim tra sn phm.
5.1.1 Sn phm nc ngt c gaz Bidrico
a. Kim tra bao b:
Hnh dng: Lon, chai khng b bin dng, ng kch thc
kn ca chai v lon.
Nhn mc: Thng tin sn phm in trn nhn v trn lon , ng quy nh.
b. Kim tra cc ch tiu sn phm:
Ch tiu cm quan
Ch tiu ha l
Ch tiu vi sinh:
5.1.2 Sn phm nc p tri cy A*Nuta
a. Kim tra bao b:
Hnh dng: Lon khng b bin dng, ng kch thc
kn ca lon
Nhn mc: Thng tin sn phm in trn lon , ng quy nh.
b. Kim tra cc ch tiu sn phm:
Ch tiu cm quan:
Ch tiu ha l
Ch tiu vi sinh
5.2 Phng php kim tra.
5.2.1 S quy trnh kim tra sn phm
Yu cu kim
tra cht lng
sn phm
Ly mu
Kim tra, nh gi
Bo co
L u Mu v H s
Sn
phm
khng
ph hp
X l
Kim tra
Hnh 5.1. S quy trnh kin tra sn phm

Trang 62
5.2.2
Kim tra bao b:

Kim tra chai: chai PET,dung tch, trng lng, ng knh, fill height sau khi chit,
try xc.
Kim tra ng nt: xem ng c b qu cht hoc qu lng khng.
Kim tra lon: dn in, mu sc, cu trc ca thit k.
Kim tra ng lon: kim tra seam, kim tra ng lon.
Kim tra ng: mu sc, mi v, kh nng ta.
Kim tra CO2: tinh khit.
Kim tra hng liu: c mi l hng li ly mu cho cc trung tm phn tch kim tra.
Kim tra pallet: chiu di, chiu rng.
Kim tra kt nha: chiu di, chiu rng, chiu cao, mu sc, va p.
Kim tra nt khon, nt nha, np lon: Chiu cao, ng knh, trng lng, try xc,
kn ca lacqueur (vi np lon).
Cn xem xt c th tng l hng xem c m bo nim phong khng. Cc thng hng c
b h khng.
Kim tra cc ha cht phc v cho qu trinh ra chai, v cho v sinh cng nghip.
5.2.3 Kim tra thnh phm:
Kim tra hm lng CO2 bng thit b o hm lng CO2
Kim tra acid s dng my o pH
Kim tra Brix s dng Brix k
Kim tra tng lng vi sinh hiu kh o mt quang.

Trang 63
5.3
Cc li sai cn kim tra v cch x l

Li sai
Nguyn nhn
Thc hin sai trnh t, thao
tc, cn ong sai trng lng,
ly sai nguyn liu
Con ngi
Cc yu t mi trng : nhit
, p sut, thi gian.
Sn phm mt date
Ghp np khng at
Sn phm thiu CO2, N2
My mc
Sn phm chit b lng hay
qu y
X l
iu chnh kp thi cc thng s
nu c th
C lp l hng, m sn phm ch
x l
Lp bo co, bin bn x l
ngh CN vn hnh my my
khn cp
Bo NV c in sa cha
C lp hng ch x l
Lp bin bn, bo co ch x l
Bao b khng ph hp v kiu

dng, cht liu, kch c
Nhn mc khng ph hp v
thng tin, mu sc, kiu dng
Nguyn vt liu khng t v
ch tiu cht lng
Sn phm b tch, lng
Sn phm b nhim vi sinh
Sn phm b bin i mu,
mi v
Bao b thng
5.4
Nguyn vt liu
C lp l hng
Bo co nh cung cp
Phng php
C lp l hng
Bo phng cng ngh ch bin
Bo qun b cn
trng cn.
Thit b bng
chuyn qu cht
C lp l hng
Bo kho
Bo qun.
Thnh phm t trn pallet.
Bo qun trong kho thnh phm, nhit thng thong mt.
Thi gian bo n sn phm: 1 tun

Trang 64
Chng VI: NHN XT V KIN NGH
VI. NHN XT V KIN NGH.
6.1 Nhn xt.
Qua qu trnh thc tp ti cng ty, chng em c gii thiu s lc v cng ty v quy
trnh cng ngh sn xut nc gii kht.T c th hiu s lc v dy chuyn cng ngh sn
xut thc t, nguyn tc cn tun th trong sn xut m bo an ton lao ng v an ton v
sinh thc phm.
Cng ty TNHH Sn Xut v Thng Mi Tn Quang Minh p dng h thng HACCP,
ISO, cGMP vo trong sn xut v qun l cng ty.
H thng thit b c dng chung khu ng gi tit kim c chi ph v din tch mt
bng.
Ni quy an ton lao ng, an ton v sinh thc phm c thc hin ng nn t xy ra s c
v my mc thit b, sn phm sn xut c lng h hng thp.
Th trng kinh doanh ngy cng c m rng do nghin cu to sn phm mi p ng
nhu cu th hiu ngi tiu dng.
Tuy nhin bn cnh cn c mt s vn cn hn ch:
Din tch mt bng cng ty c s dng hon ton nn tng lai khng th m rng
thm mt bng sn xut.
Khu sn xut bao b v x l nc thi nm pha cng chnh cng ty gy nh hng v m
quan.
Kho vt liu chai PET xa khu sn xut nn tn thi gian vn chuyn.
Cc Palet c vn chuyn t kho vt liu qua kho thnh phm khng bo m an ton lao
ng.
Dy chuyn cng ngh sn xut theo h thng bn t ng nn cn s dng nhiu cng nhn
c bit khu sn xut nc tinh khit.
Chng trnh marketing sn phm cha c y mnh.
6.2 Kin ngh
Qua nm tun thc tp ti cng ty vi kin thc hn hp chng em a ra nhng xut nh.
Nn y mnh chnh sch qung co sn phm ngi tiu dng bit n sn phm nhiu
hn t m rng thm h thng phn phi ti Tp.HCM.
Nng cao dy chuyn cng ngh nng cao cht lng sn phm v tit kim thi gian v
chi ph cho sn phm.
Nghin cu sn xut a dng ha sn phm p ng th hiu ngi tiu dng hin nay.

Trang 65

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Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Cng ty TNHH SX & TM Tn Quang Minh

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

Chng 1: TNG QUAN V CNG TY TNHH SX & TM TN QUANG MINH

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

Hnh 1.3. S t chc nh my

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

Kho thnh phm

Khu sn xut bao b

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

Nc ngt c gas Bidrico vi cc hng

Nc Yn ngn nh Bidrico: ng trong

Tr B ao A*Nuta: ng trong lon

Rau cu tri cy Bidrico: ng trong bch

Gii thiu sn phm

Cola Cream Soda To

Hnh 1.5. Hnh nh sn phm nc ngt c gas chai PET 1.25l

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

Thnh phn v tiu chun cht lng sn phm nc ngt c gaz

Ch tiu cht lng trong 1 lt sn

Ch tiu cht lng trong 1 lt sn

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

Ch tiu cht lng trong 1lit sn phm

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

Thnh phn v tiu chun cht lng nc p tri cy A*Nuta

Ch tiu cht lng trong 100ml sn

Hnh 1.7. Sn phm nc xoi p A*Nuta.

Ch tiu cht lng trong 100ml sn

Hnh 1.9 Hnh nh sn phm nc Me p A*Nuta.

Hnh 1.10. Sn phm nc tng lc Red Tiger.

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

d. Sn phm Nc ung tinh khit Bidrico.

Hnh 1.11. Sn phm nc ung tinh khit Bidrico.

Hnh 1.12. Sn phm nc yn ngn nh.

f. Sn phm Rau cu Bidrico.

Hnh 1.13. Sn phm rau cu Bidrico

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

Hnh 1.14. Sn phm Tr b ao

h. Sn phm tr xanh A*Nuta.

Hnh 1.15. Sn phm tr xanh A*Nuta.

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

Hnh 1.16 Sn phm sm cao ly.

Hnh 1.17. Sn phm tr tho dc Tam thanh.

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

Hnh 1.18. S x l nc thi

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

Trm x l thc hin cc thao tc:

Kim tra bn hot tnh:

Cch gii quyt :

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

V sinh cng nghip.

GVHD: Ths. Phm Th Hi Qunh

St trng cc bao b nha.

V sinh thit b tit trng UHT.

(Ngun ti liu phng KCS)

V sinh thit b x l nc:

V sinh thit b chit rt:

V sinh thit b thanh trng:

V sinh thit b len men:

V sinh my chit rt:

V sinh thit b lm sch CO2: