Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM

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I HC NNG TRNG CAO NG CNG NGH KHOA IN

N K THUT VIN THNG

TI: TNG QUAN V H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM

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Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM

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MC LC MC LC................................................................................................................2 LI NI U..........................................................................................................4 CHNG 1: GII THIU LCH S PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI NG..................................................................................................................6 1.1 Lch s pht trin vin thng..........................................................................6 1.2 S pht trin ca dch v thng tin di ng....................................................8 1.3 Mng thng tin di ng ton cu GSM...........................................................9 1.4 Kt lun.........................................................................................................11 CHNG II: CU TRC V THNH PHN MNG GSM ............................12 2.1 S khi mng GSM..................................................................................12 2.2 Cc phn t chc nng trong mng GSM.....................................................12 2.2.1. Phn h chuyn mch NSS....................................................................12 2.2.1. H thng trm gc.................................................................................15 2.2.3. H thng h tr hot ng OSS............................................................17 2.2.4. Trm di ng MS..................................................................................17 2.3 Cc giao din trong GSM..............................................................................17 2.4 Cu trc mng a l ca GSM.....................................................................20 2.4.1 Tng i chuyn mch di ng cng (GMSC).......................................20 2.4.2 Vng phc v.........................................................................................20 2.4.3 Cell.........................................................................................................21 2.4.4 Vng nh v...........................................................................................21
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2.4.5 Vng phc v ca MSC.........................................................................21 2.4.6 Vng phc v ca nh khai thc.............................................................21 2.4.7 Bng tn..................................................................................................22 CHNG III: CC TH TC C BN TRONG GSM ....................................23 3.1 Thc hin cuc gi trong mng GSM...........................................................23 3.2 Gi v nhn tin nhn trong mng GSM........................................................26 CHNG IV: GIAO DIN V TUYN .............................................................27 4.1 Gii thiu......................................................................................................27 4.2 Knh vt l....................................................................................................27 4.3 Knh logic.....................................................................................................29 4.3.1 Nhm knh lu lng TCH....................................................................30 4.3.2 Nhm knh iu khin CCH..................................................................30 4.4 Cu trc cm v siu a khung.....................................................................32 4.4.1 Cu trc mt cm...................................................................................32 4.4.2 T chc khung, a khung v siu khung................................................35 4.5 S dng li tn s trong GSM.......................................................................39 CHNG V: CC THNG S CH TIU NH GI CHT LNG GSM ................................................................................................................................41 5.1 Cc yu cu chc nng mng........................................................................41 5.2 Cc ch tiu v cu hnh mng......................................................................45 5.3 Cc ch tiu v truyn dn.............................................................................50 5.4 Cc ch tiu v cht lng dch v................................................................53 LI KT.................................................................................................................58

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Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM

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LI NI U

Thng tin lin lc l mt nhu cu ca bt k mt x hi pht trin no. p ng nhu cu lin lc ngy cng cao ca x hi, thng tin di ng c nghin cu v pht trin t rt sm. Bt u vi cc h thng thng tin di ng s dng cng ngh analog, cho n nay cc mng di ng s dng cng ngh s ang c ng dng rng ri v pht trin v cng mnh m. Trong cc cng ngh thng tin di ng th cng ngh GSM ng vai tr nn tng, ch o trong h thng thng tin di ng hin ti, chim u th tuyt i khi c n 80% thit b di ng ton cu s dng cng ngh ny. Ngoi ra, n cn ng vai tr quan trng trong vic lm nn tng c th pht trin thm cc cng ngh thng tin di ng sau ny nh GPRS , EDGE v W-CDMA. n k thut vin thng ca chng em s nghin cu cc vn k thut ca GSM nh cu trc, thnh phn, cc giao din v cui cng l ch tiu nh gi cht lng dch v trong mt mng di ng s dng cng ngh ny. n gm cc chng sau: Chng I: Gii thiu lch s pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng Chng II: Cu trc v thnh phn mng GSM Chng III: Cc th tc c bn trong GSM Chng IV: Giao din v tuyn

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Chng V: Cc thng s ch tiu nh gi cht lng mng GSM Chng em xin chn thnh cm n Th.s V Th Hng gip bn em trong qu trnh hon thnh n ny. Mc d c rt nhiu c gng trong vic hon thnh n nhng vi thi gian v trnh c hn nn n cn c nhiu thiu st, chng em rt mong nhn c cc kin ng gp v ch dn thm t cc thy c v cc bn.

Nng 5-2012

Sinh vin thc hin: Lu Nguyn B Ha Vn Nh Don Trng Quang Cng

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CHNG I: GII THIU LCH S PHT TRIN CA MNG THNG TIN DI NG

1.1 LCH S PHT TRIN VIN THNG Ki thut vin thng a trai qua mt qua trinh phat trin lu dai. Nhu cu thng tin lin lac tm xa hiu qua a thuc y s phat trin khng ngng cua cac cng ngh mi. T bc khi u s khai vi in bao vao na u th ki XIX, hin nay cng ngh vin thng dn tin n th h th 5 ca h thng thng tin di ng. Chi tit cc mc thi gian ng ch : 1836-1866: in bo, k thut ghp knh, cp ni qua i ty dng. 1876-1899: in thoi (A.G. Bell), tng i in thoi, chuyn mch t ng tng nc. 1887-1907: in bo khng dy (Marconi) ni t tu bin vo b n TD. 1820-1828: L thuyt truyn dn (Carson, Nyquist, Johnson, Hartley). 1923-1938: Truyn hnh, ng tia m cc chn khng (DuMont), pht thanh qung b. 1948-1950: L thuyt thng tin (Shannon), cc m sa li (Hamming, Golay),

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ghp knh theo thi gian ng dng vo in thoi. 1960: M phng laser (Maiman). 1962: Thng tin y tinh Telstar I. 1962-1966: Dch v truyn s liu c a ra thng mi; PCM kh thi cho truyn dn tn hiu thoi v truyn hnh; l thuyt truyn dn s, m sa sai (Viterbi). 1964: Khai thc cc h thng chuyn mch. 1970-1975: CCITT pht trin cc tiu chun v PCM. 1975-1985: H thng quang dng lng ln, chuyn mch tch hp cao, cc b vi x l tn hiu s; Mng di ng t ong hin i c a vo khai thc (NMT, AMPS); M hnh tham chiu OSI (t chc ISO). 1985- 1990: LAN, ISDN c chun ho, cc DV truyn SL ph bin, truyn dn quang thay cp ng trn cc ng truyn dn bng rng c ly xa, pht trin SONET, chun ho v khai thc GSM, SDH. 1990-1997: GSM t bo s, truyn hnh v tinh ph bin rng ri trn th gii; Internet m rng nhanh chng nh world wide web. 1997-2000: Vin thng mang tnh cng ng, pht trin rng ri GSM, CDMA; Internet pht trin; WAN bng rng nh ATM, LAN Gb. 2001: HDTV, di ng 3G, cc mng bng rng, cc h thng truy nhp a cc dch v a phng tin ti mi ngi. Chng ta c th xt tin trnh pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng qua cc giai on sau: Giai on 2G: gm c GSM, SMS, Ccuit Data Giai on 2,5G (nm 2001 - 2002): HSCSD, GPRS, ASCI

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Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM

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Giai on 3 (GSM Phase 2+): giai on ny c chia lm 2 hng pht trin l: + T giai on 2 ln UMTS + T giai on 2 thng qua EDGE ln UMTS.

1.2 S PHT TRIN CA DCH V THNG TIN DI NG H thng thng tin di ng t lu l mt khao kht ln lao ca con ngi. Khao kht ny ch c th tr thnh hin thc ngay sau khi k thut thng tin bng sng v tuyn in ra i vo th k th 19. Tuy nhin vic a h thng thng tin di ng vo phc v cng cng ch c thc hin sau chin tranh th gii ln th hai. Do s pht trin ca cng ngh in t v thng tin cng nhu cu i hi ca con ngi ngy cng tng cao nn mng thng tin di ng ngy cng c ph bin, tin cy ngy cng tng. Qu trnh pht trin ca mng thng tin di ng nh sau: * Th h th nht: Sau nm 1946. Kh nng phc v nh, cht lung khng cao, gi c t. * Th h th hai: T nm 1970 n 1979. Cng vi s pht trin ca processor m ca cho vic thc hin mt h thng phc tp hn. Nhng v vng ph sng ca Anten pht ca trm di ng cn b hn ch do h thng chia thnh cc trm pht v c th dng nhiu trm thu cho 1 trm pht.
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* Th h th ba: L mng t ong tng t (1979-1990). Cc trm thu pht c t theo hnh t ong, mi l 2 cell. Mng ny cho php s dng li tn s, cho php chuyn giao cc vng trong cuc gi. Cc mng in hnh l: + AMPS (Advanced Mobile phone service): a vo hot ng ti M nm 1979. + NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone System): L h thng in thoi di ng tng t ca cc nc Bc u (1981). + TACS (Total Access Communication System): nhn c t AMPS c lp t Anh nm 1985. Ngy nay hu ht tt c cc nc Chu u u c 1 hoc nhiu mng t ong. Tt c nhng h thng t bo ny u thc hin vic truyn m tng t bng iu tn. H thng dng bng tn xung quanh tn s 450MHz hoc 900MHz, vng ph sng thng l vng rng vi s lng thu bao ln n hng trm ngn. * Th h th t: L th h da trn k thut truyn dn s. + GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications): a vo hot ng ti Chu u t nm 1992. + DCS (Digital Cellular System): Da trn mng GSM s dng tn s 1800MHz. + CDMA(Code Division Multi Access): Cng ngh truy cp 3G da trn nn tng CDMA (khc vi nn tng GSM). * Th h th nm: ang c cc t chc chun ha nghin cu v tho lun. Ngi ta c tnh h thng ny s c trin khai rng ri vo nm 2020 (10 nm sau th h th t).
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1.3 MNG THNG TIN DI NG TON CU GSM: T u nm 1980 sau khi h thng WMT c a vo hot ng mt cch thnh cng th n cng biu hin mt s hn ch: Th nht: Do yu cu dch v di ng qu ln so vi con s mong i ca cc nh thit k h thng, do h thng ny khng p ng c. Th hai: Cc h thng khc nhau ang hot ng khng ph hp vi ngi dng trong mng. V d: Mt u cui trong TACS khng th truy nhp vo mng NMT cng nh mt u cui di ng NMT cng khng th truy nhp vo mng TACS. Th ba: Nu thit k mt mng ln cho ton Chu u th khng mt nc no p ng c v vn u t ln. Tt c nhng iu dn n mt yu cu l phi thit k mt h thng mi c lm theo kiu chung c th p ng c cho nhiu noc trn th gii. Trc tnh hnh vo thng 9/1987 trong Hi ngh ca Chu u v bu chnh vin thng, 17 quc gia ang s dng mng in thoi di ng hp hi ngh v k vo bin bn ghi nh lm nn tng cho mng thng tin di ng s ton Chu u. n nm 1988 Vin tiu chun vin thng Chu u EuropeanTelecommunication-Standard Institute) thnh lp nhmc trch v mng thng tin di ng s GSM. Nhm ny c nhim v a ra tiu chun thng nht cho h thng thng tin di ng s GSM di hnh thc cc khuyn ngh, ly cc tiu chun ny lm c s cho vic xy dng mng thng tin di ng v lm sao cho chng thng nht, tng thch vi nhau. * V mt k thut:
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Mt s mc ch ca H thng sng t mt trong nhngmc ch y l h thng cn cho php chuyn vng t do vi cc thu bao trong Chu u, c ngha l thu bao ca nc ny c th thm nhp vo mng ca noc khc khi di chuyn qua bin gii trm GSM-MS (Mobile -Station) phi to cho ngi dng gi hoc b gi c trong vng ph sng quc t. * Cc ch tiu phc v: - H thng c thit k sao cho MS c th c dng trong tt c cc nc c mng. - Cng vi phc v thoi, h thng phi cho php s linh hot ln nht cho cc loi dch v khc lin quan n mng lin kt s liu a dch v ISDN (Intergrated Service Digital Network). - To mt thng c th phc v cho cc MS trn cc tu vin dng cng nh mt mng m rng ca cc dch v di ng mt t. * V cht lng phc v v an ton bo mt: - Cht lng ca ting thoi trong GSM phi t nht c cht lng nh cc h thng di ng tng t trc trong iu kin thc t. - H thng c kh nng mt m ho thng tin ngi dng m khng nh hng g n h thng, cng nh khng nh hng n thu bao khc khng dng n kh nng ny. * V s dng tn s: - H thng cho php kh nng s dng di tn t hiu qu cao c th phc v vng thnh th ln vng nng thn cng nh cc dch v mi pht trin. - Di tn s hot ng: 890-960MHz. - H thng GSM900 phi c th cng tn ti vi cc h thng dng 900MHz
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trc y. * V mng: - K hoch nhn dng da trn khuyn ngh ca CCITT. K hoch nh s cng da trn khuyn ngh ca CCITT. - Trung tm chuyn mch v cc thanh ghi dch v phi dng h thng bo hiu c tiu chun ho quc t. 1.3 KT LUN R rng lch s cho thycng ngh thng tin di ng di ng pht trin khng ngng. Tuy ra i kh lu nhng GSM vn ng vai tr ht sc quan trng, lm tin cho cc cng ngh sau ny nh GPRS, EDGE v W-CDMA. Vic thit b di ng s dng cng ngh GSM chim lnh hn 80% th phn di ng ton cu (theo GSM Association) chng t tm quan trng v s ph bin ca n. Cc chng sau s i su hn vo cng ngh di ng ny.

CHNG II: CU TRC V THNH PHN MNG GSM

2.1 S KHI MNG GSM

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Hnh 2.:1 S khi cu trc GSM

2.2 CC PHN T CHC NNG TRONG MNG GSM: 2.2.1. Phn h chuyn mch NSS (Network Switching Subsystem) Bao gm cc thnh phn c chc nng chuyn mch chnh ca GSM v chc nng qun l c s d liu ca cc thu bao. Chc nng chnh ca n l qun l thng tin gia nhng ngi dng mng GSM v cc mng khc. NNS bao gm: - Trung tm chuyn mch cc nghip v di ng cng (GMSC). - Trung tm chuyn mch cc dch v di ng (MSC). - B ghi nh v tm tr (VLR) - B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR) - Trung tm nhn thc (AMC)

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- B ghi nhn dng thit b (EIR)

Hnh 2.2: Kin trc logic ca NSS

* c tnh v nhim v ca tng khi: - MSC: l ht nhn ca mng PLMN, n c nhim v nh tuyn v kt ni cc phn t ca mng thu bao di ng vi nhau hoc vi thu bao ca mng PSTN v ISDN. Cc s liu lin quan n thu bao di ng c cung cp t HLR, VNR, AUC v EIR, t cc bo hiu cn thit s c pht ra cc giao din ngoi vi vi tt c cc thnh phn mng (BSS/HLR/AVC/EIR/OMC) v ni vi mng c nh PSTN hay ISDN. MSC cncung cp cc dch v ca mng cho thu bao. N cha cc d liu v thc hin qu trnh Hardover. Trong ch thoi mt b phn Echo-Canceller c t gia MSC v PSTN trit ting vng gy ra cc b bin i t 2 dy sang 4 dy trong PSTN.

- HLR: C s d liu quan trng nht ca mng di ng s. HLR c s dng

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theo di MS, l ni thu bao mua mt ng k t mt hng khai thc GMS m HLR thuc hng ny. HLR cha thng tin v thu bao nh cc dch v b xung v cc thng s nhn thc. N cha thng tin v v tr thng tin ca MS trong mt vng MSC no v thng tin ny thay i th MS di ng. MS s gi i thng tin v v tr (qua MSC/VLR) n HLR ca mnh nhm m bo phng tin thu mt cuc gi. Trong HLR cn thc hin to mt bo hiu s 7 trn giao din vi MSC. - VLR: L c s d liu cha thng tin v tt c cc MS hin vng phc v ca MSC. Mi MSC c mt VLR v VLR c kt hp trong phn cng ca MSC. VLR c th coi nh mt HLR phn b. VLR cha thng tin chnh xc hn v v tr ca MS vng MSC. Trong trng hp MS lu ng v cng MSC mi. VLR lin kt vi MSC ly s liu v MS ny t HLR v thng bo cho HLR v tr ca MS sau VLR c th thit lp cuc gi cho MS m khng cn n HLR. - AUC: L mt b phn trong phn cng ca HLR trong GSM c nhiu bin php an ton khc nhau trnh vic s dng tri php, cho php bm v ghi li cuc gi ng v tuyn. Vi mi mt m thu bao c mt m bo mt ring bit nhm chng li s nghe trm, m ny c bo v chng mi xm nhp tri php. M nhn dng thu bao duy nht c lu trong HLR v trong b nh SIMCARD. - EIR: Cha s liu phn cng ca thit b (MS). EIR c ni vi MSC qua ng bo hiu, cho php MSC kim tra s hp l ca thit b. N bo v mng PLMN khi s thm nhp ca thu bao tri php.

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2.2.2. H thng trm gc (BBS) BSS chu trch nhim ch yu cc chc nng v tuyn h thng qun l thng tin v tuyn vi cc my di ng. N cng iu khin vic chuyn giao cc cuc gi an tin hnh gia cc c iu khin bi BSC ny. BSS chu trch nhim qun l tt c cc tim nng v tuyn ca mng v s liu v cu hnh ca . BSS cha mt b iu khin trm gc BSC (Base Station Controller) v mt hay nhiu trm thu pht gc BTS (Base Tranceiver Station). Nu khong cch gia BTS v BSC nh hn 10m cc knh thng tin c th ni trc tip (Combine), nu ln hn th c th phi qua mt giao din ABIS (Remote). Mt BSC c th qun l nhiu BTS theo cu hnh hn hp.

Hnh 2.3:Kin trc logic ca BSS

a. Chc nng ca BTS: Mi trm BTS phc v cho mt cung cp ng truyn v tuyn. BTS c gii hn bi hai giao din: - Giao din v tuyn (gia BTS v MS).

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- Giao din BTS MSC

BTS m bo: + ng ni v tuyn vi MS. + Phn bng c s ca lp thu pht 1 v 2. Phn ny s l giao thc thm nhp ng truyn knh D (LAPD: Link Access Procotol on D channel ) gia BTS v BSC v giao thc thm nhp ng truyn knh D di ng (LAPDm Link Acces Procotol on D mobile) gia BTS v MS. LAPDm c th c s dng ng thi cho bn tin ngn. + Cc chc nng khai thc v bo dng ring cng vi chc nng qun l cc tim nng v tuyn. b. Chc nng ca BSC: BSC thc hin cc chc nng qun l tim nng v tuyn. Cc chc ng chnh ca BSC l: - Thit lp v gii phng cc tim nng v tuyn theo nhu cu ca MS v MSC. - Chuyn giao MS. - iu khin cng sut BTS v MS c th thc hin bi BTS hoc bi BSC. Nh khai thc c th t trung tm khai thc v bo dng (OMC) np phn mm mi v d liu xung BSC, thc hin mt s chc nng khai thc v bo dng, hin thi cu hnh BSC. BSC cng c th thu nhp cc s liu o t BTS, BIE, lu gi chng trong b nh v cung cp OMC theo yu cu. Gioa din gia BSC v OMC c thc hin bng cc ng truyn X.25. BSC cng c giao din ngi my u ni ti ch thit b my tnh u cui.
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2.2.3. H thng h tr hot ng OSS OSS: H thng khai thc h tr c ni n tt c cc thit b h thng chuyn mch v ni n BSS. OSS c cc chc nng sau: - Qun l h thng chuyn mch, quy nh cc thay i s thoi, phn tch tuyn, cc bng phn tch IMSI,... - Qun l thu bao : Cc loi u ni, gii phng ni, cc nhn dng nh v vng (LAI). - Qun l TRX: Cc qui nh TRX, TRI, cc knh lgc,... - Cc chc nng o : Lu lng cc chuyn giao thng k,... 2.2.4 Trm di ng (Mobile Station) MS bao gm mt thit b vt l c s dng bi thu bao PLMN kt ni vi mng. N bao gm thit b di ng (Mobile Equipment) v khi nhn dng thu bao (Subscriber Identification Module). * SIM lu tr IMSI, MSISDN, kha xc thc Ki v gii thut dng cho kim tra xc thc. * ME c s xc nhn IMEI duy nht, c s dng bi EIR. 2.3 CC GIAO DIN TRONG GSM 2.3.1 Giao din A (MSC-BSS) Giao din gia BSS-MSC c dng mang cc thng tin lin quan n: * Qun l BSS * Qun l cuc gi * Qun l di ng 2.3.2 Giao din Abis (BSC-BTS)

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Giao din ny c s dng gia BSC v BTS h tr cc dch v cho ngi dng v thu bao GSM. Giao din ny cng cho php vic iu khin cc thit b v tuyn v tn s v tuyn cp pht cho BTS. 2.3.3 Giao din B (MSC-VLR) Bt c khi no MSC cn d liu lin quan ti mt MS ang trong khu vc ca n, n s hi VLR thng qua giao din ny. Th d khi m MS bt u th tc cp nht v tr vi mt MSC, MSC thng bo cho VLR ca n cc thng tin lin quan. 2.3.4 Giao din D (HLR-VLR) Giao din ny c s dng trao i d liu lin quan n v tr ca MS v vic qun l thu bao. Dch v chnh c cung cp cho thu bao di ng l kh nng thit lp hay nhn cc cuc gi trong ton b service area. h tr iu ny, cc thanh ghi v tr phi trao i d liu. Trao i d liu xy ra khi thu bao di ng i hi dch v c th, khi mun thay i d liu attach trong thng tin thu bao. 2.3.5 Giao din E (MSC-MSC) Khi MS di chuyn t MSC area sang MSC area khc trong sut cuc gi, th tc handover phi c tin hnh c th duy tr lin lc. Bi mc ch cc MSC phi trao i d liu bt u v thc hin vic ny Sau khi handover hon tt, cc MSC s trao i thng tin truyn ti bo hiu giao din A nu cn thit. Khi m mt thng ip ngn c truyn gia MS v SMC (Short Message Service Centre), c 2 chiu, giao din ny c dng truyn thng ip gia MSC phc v MS v MSC c giao din vi SC. 2.3.6 Giao din F (MSC-EIR) Giao din ny dng cho trao i d liu gia MSC v EIR, mc ch EIR c
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th xc nhn trng thi khi nhn c IMEI t MS

2.3.7 Giao din G (VLR-VLR) Khi MS di chuyn t VLR area ny sang VLR area khc, th tc ng k v tr s xy ra. Th tc ny c th bao gm vic ly IMSI v cc thng s xc thc trong VLR c. 2.3.8 Giao din H (HLR-AuC) Khi HLR nhn yu cu xc thc v m ha d liu cho MS, HLR yu cu d liu t AuC. Giao thc c s dng truyn d liu thng qua giao din ny khng c chun ha. 2.3.9 Giao din Um (MS-BTS) Giao din ny l giao din v tuyn s c trnh by trong chng sau.

Hnh 2.4. Cc giao din trong h thng GSM

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2.4 CU TRC MNG A L CA GSM Mi mng in thoi cn mt cu trc nht nh nh tuyn cc cuc gi vo n tng i cn thit v cui cng n thu bao b gi. y l yu t quan trng vi mt mng di ng do n m bo tnh lu ng ca thu bao trong mng. 2.4.1. Tng i chuyn mch di ng cng (GATEWAY-MSC) GMSC lm vic nh mt tng i trung k vo cho mng GSM/ PLMN. N thc hin chc nng hi nh tuyn cuc gi cho cc cuc gi kt cui di ng, cho php h thng nh tuyn cc cuc gi n ni nhn cui cng ca chng l cc trm di ng b gi. Tt c cc cuc gi vo GSM/PLMN s c nh tuyn n mt hay nhiu GMSC.

Hnh 2.5: S lin kt GMSC 2.4.2. Vng phc v Vng MSC c mt MSC qun l. V nh tuyn cuc gi n mt thu bao

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di ng, ng truyn qua mng s ni n MSC vng phc v m thu bao ang . Vng phc v l b phn ca mng c nh ngha nh mt vng m c th t n mt trm di ng nh vic trm ny c ngh li mt b nh v tm tr VLR. CME 20 vng MSC v vng phc v bao ph cng mt b phn ca mng.

2.4.3 (cell) L n v c bn ca h thng t bo, c nh ngha theo vng ph sng ca BTS. Mi c cp mt s nh danh duy nht gi l CGI (Cell Global Identity). ph sng ton quc, ngi ta cn n mt s lng rt ln BTS. ph sng ton b 61 tnh thnh Mobione b 358 BTS, Vic b da trn mt mc khai thc ca tng khu vc, ch ring khu vc 2 (t Lm ng tr vo) t n gn 300 BTS (chim gn mt na tng s BTS ca mng); trong tng lai, GPC (cng ty qun l mng Vinaphone) v VMS (MobiFone) vn s tip tc lp t thm BTS m rng v nng cp cht lng vng ph sng. 2.4.4 Vng nh v (Location Area) Nhiu c ghp nhm v gi l mt LA. Trong mng, v tr ca thu bao do LA khu vc ca thu bao nm gi. s nh danh cho LA c lu thnh thng s LAI (Location Area Identity) ng vi tng thit b di ng (in thoi di ng) trong VLR. Khi thit b di chuyn sang ca LA khc th bt buc phi ng k li v tr vi mng, nu dch chuyn gia cc ong cng mt LA th khng phi thc hin qui nh trn. Khi c cuc gi n thit b, thng ip c pht ra (broadcast) ton b cc ca LA ang qun l thit b. 2.4.5 Vng phc v ca MSC
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Nhiu vng LA c qun l bi mt MSC. c th kt ni cuc thoi n thit b di ng, thng tin vng dch v MSC cng c theo di v lu li HLR. 2.4.6 Vng dch v ca nh khai thc Vng phc v ca nh khai thc bao gm ton b cc m cng ty c th phc v; ni cch khc, y chnh l ton b ca vng ph sng ca nh khai thc m thu bao c th truy nhp vo h thng. Mi nh khai thc s c thng s vng phc v ring. Vit Nam hin c hai vng phc v MobiFone v Vinaphone, hy vng sp ti s sm c thm vng phc v ca Saigon Postel lin doanh vi SLD (Singapore), Vietel, Vin Thng Si Gn. Vng dch v GSM: Vng dch v GSM l ton b vng a l m thu bao c th truy nhp vo mng GSM, v s cng m rng khi c thm nhiu nh khai thc k tha c hp tc vi nhau. Hin ti th vng dch v GSM ph hng chc quc gia, ko di t Ai-x-len n Chu c v Nam Phi. Chuyn vng l kh nng cho php thu bao truy nhp mng ca mnh t mng khc. M hnh mng di ng t bo c th c trnh by gia hai gc . 2.4.7 Bng tn Hin ti mng GSM ang hot ng trn 3 bng tn: 900, 1800, 1900MHz. Chun GSM ban u s dng bng tn 900MHz, gi l phin bn P-GSM (Primary GSM). tng dung lng, bng tn dn m sang 1800 v 1900MHz, gi l phin bn m rng (E-GSM). Chnh v th, th trng xut hin nhiu loi in thoi h nhiu bng tn nhm to thun li cho ngi dng thng xuyn i nc ngoi v tn dng c ht u th chuyn vng quc t ca mng GSM hin nay.

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CHNG III: CC TH TC C BN TRONG GSM

Khi thc hin cuc gi hay nhn tin trong mng GSM th h thng s phi tri qua mt s cc th tc thit lp cuc gi hay chuyn tin. Thit b s t ng thc hin quy trnh cn thit m khng cn n s quan tm hay iu khin ca ngi dng. 3.1. THC HIN CUC GI TRONG MNG GSM Khi thc hin cuc gi trong mng GSM th h thng s phi tri qua mt s cc th tc thit lp cuc gi. Thit b s t ng thc hin quy trnh cn thit m khng cn n s quan tm hay iu khin ca ngi dng. 3.1.1 ng nhp thit b vo mng: Khi thit b (in thoi di ng) trng thi tt, n c tch ra khi mng. Khi bt ln, thit b d tn s GSM tm knh iu khin. Sau , thit b o cng ca tn hiu t cc knh v ghi li. Cui cng th chuyn sang kt ni vi knh c tn hiu mnh nht. 3.1.2. Chuyn vng: V GSM l mt chun chung nn thu bao c th dng in thoi h GSM
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ti hu ht cc mng GSM trn th gii. Trong khi di chuyn, thit b lin tc d knh lun duy tr tn hiu vi trm l mnh nht. Khi tm thy trm c tn hiu mnh hn, thit b s t ng chuyn sang mng mi; nu trm mi nm trong LA khc, thit b s bo cho mng bit v tr mi ca mnh. Ring vi ch chuyn vng quc t hoc chuyn vng gia mng ca hai nh khai thc dch v khc nhau th qu trnh cp nht v tr i hi phi c s chp thun v h tr t cp nh khai thc dch v.

3.1.3 Thc hin cuc gi t thit b di ng vo in thoi c nh: 1. Thit b kiu yu cu mt knh bo hiu. 2. BSC/TRC s ch nh knh bo hiu. 3. Thit b gi yu cu thit lp cuc gi cho MSC/VLR. Thao tc ng k trng thi tch cc cho thit b vo VLR, xc thc, m ha, nhn dng thit b, gi s c gi cho mng, kim tra xem thu bao c ng k dch v cm gi ra u c thc hin trong bc ny. - Nu hp l, MSC/VLR bo cho BSC/TRC mt knh ang ri. - MSC/VLR chuyn tip s c gi cho mng PSTN. - Nu my c gi tr li, kt ni s c thit lp. 3.1.4 Thc hin cuc gi t in thoi c nh n thit b di ng: im khc bit quan trng so vi gi t thit b di ng l v tr ca thit b khng c bit chnh xc. Chnh v th trc khi kt ni, mng phi thc hin cng vic xc nh v tr ca thit b di ng. 1. T in thai c nh, s in thoi di ng c gi n mng PSTN. Mng s phn tch, v nu pht hin ra t kha gi ra mng di ng, mng PSTN
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s kt ni vi trung tm GMSC ca nh khai thc thch hp. 2. GMSC phn tch s in thoi di ng tm ra v tr ng k gc trong HLR ca thit b v cch thc ni n MSC/VLR phc v. 3. HLR phn tch s in thoi di ng tm ra MSC/VLR ang phc v cho thit b. Nu c ng k dch v chuyn tip cuc gi n, cuc gi s c tr v GMSC vi s in thoi c yu cu chuyn n. 4. HLR lin lc vi MSC/VLR ang phc v. 5. MSC/VLR gi thng ip tr li qua HLR n GMSC. 6. GMSC phn tch thng ip ri thit lp cuc gi n MSC/VLR 7. MSC/VLR bit a ch LA ca thit b nn gi thng ip n BSC qun l vng ni b (LA) ny. 8. BSC pht thng ip ra ton b cc thuc LA. 9. Khi nhn c thng ip, thit b s gi yu cu ngc li. 10. BSC cung cp mt khung thng ip cha thng tin. 11. Phn tch thng ip ca BSC gi n tin hnh th tc bt trng thi ca thit b ln tch cc, xc nhn, m ha, nhn din thit b. 12. MSC/VLR iu khin BSC xc lp mt knh ri, chung. Nu thit b di ng chp nhn tr li, kt ni c thit lp. Trong trng hp thc hin cuc gi t thit b di ng n thit b di ng, qu trnh cng din ra tng t nhng im giao tip vi mng PSTN ca in thoi c nh s c thay th bng MSC/VLR khc. * Tnh nng DROPBACK gia hai nh khai thc dch v. y l mt u im m cc nh khai thc dch v thng ng dng tit kim chi ph cho truyn pht v x l. V d thu bao A gi thuc s qun l ca

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MSC-VLR A Vit Nam gi cho thu bao B Lo, cng thuc s qun l ca MSC-VRR A. Cuc gi c nh tuyn quc t t Vit Nam sang Lo. Mng di ng Lo s nhn dng rng thu bao A thuc s qun l ca MSC-VLR A Vit Nam v nh tuyn cuc gi tr li Vit Nam. Lc ny nu khng c tnh nng dropback th cuc gi s c nh tuyn qua ton b cc GMSC (trung tm chuyn mch di ng cng) Lo cn nu c tnh nng dropback th cuc gi ch c nh tuyn trong phn h chuyn mch ca MSC-VLR A, v vy tit kim c nng lng x l v chi ph truyn dn.

3.2. GI V NHN TIN NHN TRONG MNG GSM 3.2.1 Gi tin nhn: 1. Thit b di ng kt ni vo mng. Nu kt ni ang c sn, qu trnh ny c b qua. 2. Sau khi hon tt thnh cng qu trnh xc thc, ni dung thng ip s c chuyn n Trung Tm Dch V Tin Nhn (SMS -C Short Message Service Center). 3.2.2 Nhn tin nhn: 1. Ngi dng gi tin nhn n SMS-C. 2. SMS-C gi tin nhn n SMS-GMS-C. 3. SMS-GMSC truy vn HLR v thng tin nh tuyn. 4. HLR p ng truy vn. 5. SMS-GMSC chuyn thng ip li cho MSC/VLR ch nh.
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6. Tin hnh nhn tin tm kim v kt ni thit b vo mng. 7. Nu xc thc thnh cng, MSC/VLR s pht tin nhn n thit b. 8. Nu truyn nhn tin nhn thnh cng, MSC/VLR s gi bo co v SMS-C; ngc li, MSC/VLR s thng bo cho HLR v gi bo co li v SMS-C.

CHNG IV: GIAO DIN V TUYN

4.1. GII THIU: Giao din v tuyn l tn chung ca u ni gia trm di ng (MS) v trm pht thu gc (BTS). Giao din s dng khi nim TDMA vi mt khung TDMA cho mt tn s sng mang. Mi khung gm 8 khe thi gian (TS - Time Slot) hng t BTS n MS c nh ngha l ng xung v hng ngc li l ng ln. Truyn dn v tuyn GSM c chia thnh cc cm (BURST) cha hng trm bit c iu ch. Mi cm c pht i trong mt khe thi gian c lu l 15/26 ms (0.577ms) mt trong knh tn s c rng 200 kHz. S m t cch kt hp gia FDMA v TDMA c cho hnh sau:

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Hnh 4.1. S s kt hp FDMA v TDMA Mi knh tn s cho php t chc cc khung truy cp theo thi gian c di 4,62ms, mi khung bao gm 8 khe thi gian t 0->7, mi khe gi l mt timeslots (TS0, TS1, ... , TS7). 8 khe ny c th chia cho 8 ngi s dng.

Hnh 4.2. T chc mt khung TDMA Ngi ta chia cc knh trn giao din v tuyn thnh hai loi chnh l knh vt l v knh logic. 4.2. KNH VT L: Knh vt l c t chc theo quan im truyn dn. i vi TDMA GSM,
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knh vt l l mt khe thi gian mt sng mang v tuyn c ch nh. Mng GMS c dnh 124 knh sng mang , sng ny di tn: - ng ln (MS-BTS) : 890-915MHz. fL = 890MHz + (0,2MHz) x n trong n = 0,1,...,124 - ng xung (BTS-MS): 935-960 MHz fU = fL +45MHz i vi cc knh lu lng song cng (duplex), hai hng lin hvi nhau bng mt cch tch c nh v tn sv khong thi gian. Ch trng tn s c nh gia 2 hng truyn dn gi l khong cch song cng rng 45MHz (trong di tn 900MHz) v rng 75MHz (trong di tn 1.800MHz). Kiu song cng ny gi l song cng phn tn s Frequency-Division Duplex (FDD). Vic tch song cng theo thi gian dng 3 khe thi gian. Nguyn l ny lm cho vic s dng thit b di ng hiu qu v khng cn phi thu pht tn hiu ng thi. Sau khi nhn c tn hiu trn ng downlink hay tn s ti 2 burst thit b di ng mi gi trn ng uplink hay tn s lui.

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Hnh 4.3. Phn khung TDMA Nh vy c 125 knh c nh s t 0 -> 124, ring knh 0 dnh cho khong bo v. H thng GSM m rng (E-GSM) c bng tn rng thm 10MHz c hai pha nh vy s knh tng thm 50 knh. Vit Nam, GMS s dng bng tn ng ln 890,2-898,4 MHz v ng xung 935,2-934,4MHz. Mi tn s sng mang 200kHz trn mi sng mang thc hin ghp knh theo thi gian ng vi mi khung TDMA ta c s knh bng 124x8(khe)=922 knh. 4.3. KNH LOGIC: Cc knh vt l ca giao tip v tuyn GSM c chia thnh cc knh logic. Chng c chia thnh 2 loi chnh l knh lu lng (traffic channel TCH) v knh iu khin (control channel CCH). C nhiu knh logic khc nhau v vic phn bit chng da trn mc ch v thng tin truyn trn knh . Nhng knh logic ny c xp vo mt knh vt l xc nh thng l TS0 trong mi khung TDMA v gi i nh mt burst v tuyn u n.

4.3.1. Nhm knh lu lng: Ch yu dng phc v cho ch thoi, trong mt s ch d c bit khc th knh lu lng cng b chim dng phc v cho cc nhu cu khn cp khc nh HandOver (chuyn giao cell phc v). Nhm knh ny gi chung l TCH (Traffic Channel). C 2 loi vi tc truyn khc nhau: * Knh lu lng ton tc ( Fullrate TCH or TCH/F): Mt knh TCH/F s chim trn mt TS ( Timeslot) ca khung TDMA. Tc truyn l 13kb/s cho thoi v 9.6 kb/s cho data.
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* Knh lu lng bn tc ( Halfrate TCH or TCH/H): 2 knh TCH/F s cng chim mt TS ca khung TDMA. Tc truyn b gim i mt na: 6.5kb/s cho thoi v 4.8kb/s cho data. Nu h thng kch hot ch HR ( halfrate) th cht lng thoi ca cuc gi s b gim, nhng b li s thu bao phc v c ca Cell s tng ln. Dng ng ph trong trng hp lu lng tng t bin v khng thng xuyn, khng tin hnh nng cp h thng kp. Khi lu lng gim xung ngi ta li b ch HR. 4.3.2. Nhm knh iu khin: Cc nhm knh ny s m bo cho cc bo hiu iu khin ca h thng nh: ng b,qung b,cp knh ,thit lp cuc gi, ....c chia lm 3 nhm chnh sau: * Nhm knh qung b: Broadcast Channel ( BCH) y l knh mt chiu, theo ng xung, c n nh trn TS0 ca khung TDMA. Gm c cc knh: FCCH: Knh iu khin tn s gi ti MS: gm mt cm ton bit 0, MS da vo hiu chnh tn s pht. SCH: Knh ng b cho MS kh nng ng b vi trm BTS( nhn bit cc thng s nhn dng trn h thng (BSIC)ca BTS), bit c s khung TDMA. BCCH:gi cc thng tin c th v mng, nh qun l ti nguyn v tuyn v cc bn tin iu khin, v d: m nhn din mng MNC, LAI,. * Nhm knh iu khin chung: Common Control Channel (CCCH) Bao gm tt c cc knh ng xung im ti a im (BTS ti mt nhiu MS) v knh truy nhp ngu nhin ng ln:
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AGCH: c s dng n nh 1 knh dnh ring (SDCCH) ti MS. PCH: knh tm gi(pagging) gi tn hiu thng bo ti MS v 1 cuc gi n. CBCH: l 1 ty chn (c th c hoc ko) cho bn tin qung b SMS. NCH: l 1 ty chn (c th c hoc ko) dng cho dch v qung b thoi (VBS). Trong 2 knh quan trng nht l AGCH v PCH. Knh AGCH s c gi cho MS c yu cu cp knh iu khin ring sau khi h thng kim tra thy ti nguyn cn trng, v yu cu ca MS l hp l. Cn knh PCH s c gi cho tt c cc MS trong vng phc v khi c mt s thu bao no c gi. Tt c cc MS s nhn v gii m bn tin ny, nhng ch c MS b gi mi tr li cho h thng tm gi v chung. * Nhm knh iu khin ring: Delicated Control Channel. (DCCH) Bao gm cc knh iu khim im- im, gm c 2 hng (uplink/downlink). Cc nhm knh ny dng thit lp mt lin lc ring gia mt MS v h thng, qua h thng s lng nghe v thc hin yu cu hp l ca MS . SDCCH: Knh iu khin dnh ring c s dng cho thit lp cuc gi, LU v SMS. SACCH: Knh iu khin lin kt chm c s dng cho bo co o v bo hiu trong 1 cuc gi. FACCH: Knh iu khin lin kt nhanh c s dng (khi cn) cho bo hiu trong 1cuc gi, ch yu cho phn pht bn tin Handover v cho hi bo khi TCH c gn. Trong SACCH v FCCH c xem l ch chim knh, do n ly cc TS l ra dnh cho knh lu lng gi nhng thng tin khn cp cn thit cho vic
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duy tr cuc gi. V ch chim s t TS v ko lin tc nn hu nh ngi s dng cng ko cm nhn c s thay i cht lng thoi ti thi im b chim knh. 4.4 CU TRC CM V SIU A KHUNG: 4.4.1 Cu trc mt cm: Mt cm l (burst) mt khe thi gian c di 577us. Trong h thng GSM tn ti 4 dng cm khc nhau. Ni dung cc cm nh sau: Cm bnh thng (NB: Normal Burst): cm ny c s dng mang thng tin v cc knh lu lng v cc knh kim tra. i vi knh la lng TCH (traffic channel) cm ny cha 144 bit c m mt m, 2 bit c ly cp (ch cho knh TCH) trong 58 bit thng tin, 2 cp 3 bit ui 000 (tail bts) m bo rng b gii m viterbi bt u v kt thc trong mt trng thi bit, 26 bit hng dn (phn nh tng i ng tnh trng truyn sng cho my thu t b cn bng viterbi c th xy dng m hnh knh cc thi im loi b nh hng ca nhiu pha nh a tia) v khong bo v 8,25 bit trnh nh hng ca knh ln cn. Tng cng c 156,25 bits. Cm hiu chnh tn s (FB: Frequency Correction Bits): Cm ny c s dng ng b tn s cho trm di ng. Cm cha 142 bit c nh bng 0 to ra dch tn s +67,7kHz trn tn s nh danh, 2 cp 3 bit ui 000 chui bt khng ny sau khi sau khi iu ch GMSK cho mt sng hnh sin hon ton quanh tn s 68kHz cao hn tn s sng mang RF, 8.25 bit dng cho khong bo v. Cm ng b (SB: Synchronisation Burst): cm ny dng ng b thi gian cho trm di ng. Cm cha 2*39 bit thng tin c mt m ha mang thng tin chi tit v cu trc khung (v s khung (FN)) ca khung TDMA v BSIC

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(Base Station Identity Code), 2 cp 3 bit ui 000 m bo bt u v kt thc ca khung mang thng tin cn thit, burst ng b l burst u tin m MS gii iu ch v l do ny m chui hng dn ko di 64 bit v n cng cho php ln hn rng tr a ng, thm khong bo v 8,25 bit. Cm truy nhp (AB: Access Burst): cm ny c s dng bi MS truy nhp ngu nhin khi to mng v chuyn giao. N l burst u tin ca ng ln m BTS s gii iu ch t mt MS c th. Cng vi burst ng bcm cha 41 bit hng dn ko di thoi mi qu trnh gii iu ch, cm cha 36 bit thng tin, 8 bit ui u, 3 bit ui cui v khong bo v 68,25 bit b tr cho s lan truyn gia MS v BTS v cng ph hp vi cu trc mt cm cho mt khe thi gian.

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Hnh 4.4 Khun dng cc burst trong GSM Cm gi (DB: Dummy Burst): Cm gi c pht i t BTS trong mt s trng hp lp kn nhng khe thi gian khng hot ng trn knh BCCH. Cm khng mang thng tin v c cu trc ging nh NB nhng cc bt mt m c thay th bng cc bit hn hp. * GSMK: Gaussian minimum shift keying tc iu ch dch kha tn s pha lin tc, mt dng ca MSK, iu ch dch kha ti thiu. y l k thut iu ch c s dng trong GSM v GRPS. Trong khi EDGE v UMTS s dng k thut 8-PSK, iu ch dch kha pha lin tc. * TCH: traffic channel, knh lu lng (knh logic) trong GSM. * BSIC: Base Station Identity Code, m nhn dng trm gc.

4.4.1 T chc khung a khung, siu khung: Mi khung TDMA cho mt sng mang. Mt khung c 8 khe thi gian c nh s t 0 n 7. Nguyn l mt m ho trong h thng GSM dng mt thng s l s khung TDMA. V vy trm thu pht gc phi nh s cc khung dng chu trnh (khng th nh s khung n v tn). S ny cn c s dng trong thut ton nhy tn. S c chn l 2715648 tng ng 3 gi 28 pht 53 giy 760 ms. Cu trc ny c gi l siu siu khung (hyperframe). Mt siu siu khung c chia thnh 2048 siu khung (superframe) vi khong thi gian 6 pht 12 giy. Siu khung c chia thnh cc a khung (multiframe). C hai loi a khung:

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* a khung gm 26 khung TDMA, a khung ny s dng cho knh TCH, SACCH, FACCH v 51 a khung hp thnh mt siu khung. * a khung iu khin gm 51 khung TDMA m bo bt k thu bao GSM no ( t bo phc v hay ln cn) c th nhn c SCH v FCCH t BCH m khng ph thuc vo vic n ang dng khung no v khe thi gian no. a khung ny s dng cho cc knh bo hiu logic BCCH, CCCH, FCCH v SACCH. (26 a khung thnh 1 siu khung). Cu trc khung cho knh lu lng ton tc (TCH/F) chim d mt khe thi gian trong mi khung TDMA (hnh 4.5 bn di). 12 khe trong 12 khung TDMA u tin (0-11) ca a khung 26 (gm khung 0 n khung 25) c s dng cho knh TCH/F t khung 0 ti 11. Khe thi gian tip (khe nm trong khung 12 trong a khung 26) theo khng c s dng cho truyn dn, l khong thi gian ri khe idle. 12 khe tip theo trong mi khung TDMA (13-24) ca a khung c s dng cho TCH/F. Khe thi gian cn li (nm trong khung 25) ca a khung 26 c s dng cho knh SACCH. Hnh 4.5 c th c ng dng cho c ng ln v ng xung. Ch cu trc a khung th hin trong hnh 4.5 ch gn cho mt knh TCH/F chim gi nhng khe thi gian c nh s l. Trn khe thi gian c nh s chn v khe thi gian 0 l v tr ca khe thi gian ri v khe dnh cho knh SACCH c trao i.

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Hnh 4.5: Cu trc khung cho knh lu lng ton tc TCH/F trn khe thi gian

Cu trc khung cho knh iu khin t trn khe thi gian TS0 th hin trn hnh 4.6. Trong trng hp a khung 51 khung vi thi gian 235ms. Ton b cc knh ngoi tr knh TCH u s dng cu trc a khung 51 khung. Mi a khung iu khin BCCH/CCCH c di l 235.4 ms (gm 51 khung TDMA) c mapping trn khe thi gian TS0 (u tin) ca khung TDMA trn sng mang c cha knh BCCH/CCCH (khng phi sng mang no cng c cha t hp knh ny), a khung 51 ny c di 235.4 ms s c 5 TS dng pht thng tin trn
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knh SCH, c th TS0 ca khung th 1 (bt u tnh t khung th 0 n khung th 50), TS0 ca khung th 11, TS0 ca khung th 21, 31, 41. Tc l c sau 10 khung (10 x 4.615 ms) th thng tin trn SCH (c cha s hiu khung) li c pht 1 ln. Knh logic FACCH c dng khi c yu cu chuyn giao khi ang hi thoi, n chim 20 ms trn chnh knh TCH c cp cho MS v v vy n c gi l "stealing".

Hnh 4.6: Cu trc khung cho mt nhm knh iu khin trn TS0 Thi gian ti a phi ch ca MS thu c s khung TDMA s l khong thi gian t sau TS0 cui cng trong a khung 51 ca knh vt l BCCH (TS0 trn

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sng mang BCCH ca trm BS) dnh cho knh logic SCH, cho ti ht TS0 dnh cho SCH u tin ca a khung 51 ca knh vt l BCCH tip theo. Do yu cu iu khin chuyn giao khi ang din ra m thoi cn phi nhanh m knh SACCH th li c tc qu chm (ch c 1 ln trong a khung 26 ca knh TCH, ch : * ng xung, BS gi yu cu iu khin cng sut v time alignment cho MS * ng ln, MS gi cc no co o lng cng sut cho BS phc v iu khin HO v tnh ton iu khin cng sut/time alignment). Do ngi ta "ly cp" knh TCH 2 chiu ang m thoi truyn tin tc iu khin HO (v lc ny th cht lng thoi lc cng qu km ri, c knh TCH th cng khng truyn thoi tip na). Vic ly cp c din ra nh sau: * Ngt khng truyn tin tc cuc gi trn knh logic TCH; * Truyn tn hiu iu khin chuyn giao trn knh . Vic phn bit khi no knh TCH l TCH, khi no l FACCH thc hin nh c ly cp l 1 bt nm sau on 56 bt m thng tin th nht trong burst TCH (nm ngay trc 26 bt training) v 1 bt nm u ngay trc on 56 bt m thng tin th hai trong burst TCH (ngay sau 26 bit training). Bt c n cp ny l 1 th knh TCH lc ang dng cho FACCH cn l 0 th ang l TCH (ang truyn cc d liu thoi ca cuc m thoi).

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Hnh 4.7 Cu trc khung cho mt nhm knh iu khin trn TS0 4.5. S DNG LI TN S TRONG GSM: Di tn s dng trong mng GSM l 890-915MHz vi 125 knh thoi, 1 knh thoai chia thnh 8 khe thi gian, nh vy th s thu bao c th lin lc ng thi l khng nhiu. Nh vy, i hi l phi ti s dng tn s tng s thue bao c th lin lc ng thi. Tc l ta s dng li nhng tn s trong di tn 890915MHz ln na v nhiu ln na. ( cc cell cch xa nhau mt khong cch ph hp) Bng cch chia tng tng mi vng ra thnh cc cell lc gic, mi cell c 1 BTS thu pht tn hiu, c cell lin k pht cc tn s khc nhau trong di tn quy nh. Nh vy khng c hin tng nhiu do pht cng tn s gia cc cell lin k m s thu bao lin lc ng thi li tng ln rt nhiu.
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Hnh 4.8:Minh ha v vic ti s dng tn s trong GSM. Cc cell cch xa nhau mt khong cch a l nht nh c th s dng cng tn s.

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CHNG V: CC THNG S CH TIU NH GI CHT LNG MNG GSM

5.1. CC YU CU CHC NNG MNG 5.1.1. Chc nng mng cung cp cc dch v c s 1. Chc nng iu khin cuc gi : Tp hp cc chc nng ny cho php thit lp truyn thng gia mt thu bao di ng v mt thu bao mng khc trong cc kiu mng sau : PSTN, ISDN, PSPDN, CSPDN, v cc PLMN khc. Cuc gi t mt thu bao di ng c ng k trong VLR: y l trng hp bnh thng, cuc gi c nh tuyn theo s quay. Cuc gi t mt thu bao di ng khng ng k trong VLR: Khi VLR nhn t MSC mt yu cu v cc tham s thit lp cuc gi cho mt cuc gi bt u t MS, VLR s to mt th tc cp nht v tr i vi HLR. Sau cuc gi c thit lp bnh thng nh ng k trong VLR. Cuc gi n mt thu bao di ng : Cuc gi c nh tuyn theo d liu v tr c thu t HLR n MSC hin thi v MS c nhn tin trn giao din v tuyn c tiu chun ho. Cc chc nng iu khin cuc gi trong HLR: HLR phi thch ng cc chc nng nh tuyn nh m t trong cuc gi n thu bao di ng. Cc chc nng iu khin cuc gi trong VLR: VLR phi cung cp cc tham
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s thu bao cho MSC khi c yu cu iu khin cuc gi. Cc chc nng iu khin cuc gi trong MSC : MSC thc hin chc nng nh tuyn cuc gi v iu khin cuc gi bnh thng. MSC thu c cc tham s thu bao t VLR lin kt. MSC c kh nng thc hin vic chuyn cuc gi. Trong mt s trng hp MSC hot ng nh mt MSC cng. 2. Cc cuc gi khn cp H thng di ng mt t phi iu khin hiu qu cc cuc gi khn cp t cc my di ng. nh tuyn: cuc gi c nh tuyn t ng n mt trung tm khn cp thch hp cn c vng a l ca my di ng. S dng IMEI (International Moble Equipment Identity): Vic h tr cuc gi khn cp ca mng t cc MS ca mng s dng IMEI nh mt bin php duy nht, l s tu chn ca cc nh iu hnh PLMN. 3. Bo mt phn t cc thng tin bo hiu Th tc thc hin vic cung cp cc phn t thng tin bo hiu trn ng dn v tuyn bo mt. Kho m ho c tnh ton trong c MS v mng. 4. Cc dch v b sung Vic h tr cc dch v b xung yu cu b xung thm cc th tc iu khin trong cc HLR, VLR v cc MSC vo cc th tc iu khin trong mng c nh 5.1.2. Chc nng mng h tr cho khai thc cellular 1. ng k v tr ng k v tr c ngha l cc mng GSM theo di ni nh v cc my di ng trong vng h thng. Thng tin v tr c lu gi trong cc thit b chc nng c gi l b ghi v tr. C 2 loi b ghi v tr :
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B ghi v tr thng tr (HLR) : Ni lu gi c nh cc v tr hin hnh v tt c cc tham s thu bao ca mt my di ng. B ghi v tr tm tr (VLR): Ni lu gi tt c cc tham s lin quan n mt my di ng vi iu kin my bn trong vng iu khin ca b ghi v tr tm tr . 2. Chuyn cuc gi Cc trng hp yu cu chuyn cuc gi : Chuyn cuc gi gia cc knh vt l ca cng mt h thng trm gc (BSS). C th s dng kh nng ny trong cc tnh hung : Khi knh vt l chuyn cuc gi d b nhiu hoc d b cc nhiu lon khc. Khi mt knh vt l hoc thit b knh chuyn cuc gi phi rt ra khi dch v bo dng hoc v cc l do khc. Chuyn cuc gi gia cc BSS c cng mt MSC m bo tnh lin tc ca mt kt ni khi MS di chuyn t vng BS ny sang vng BS khc. Chuyn cuc gi gia cc BSS c cc MSC khc nhau ca cng mt mng GSM m bo tnh lin tc ca kt ni khi mt MS chuyn t vng BS ca MSC ny sang BS ca vng MSC khc 3. Thit lp li cuc gi Vic thit lp li cuc gi ch c thc hin trn cc knh lu lng khi mt knh lu lng b mt trong thi gian v khi cuc gi ang trong trng thi kt ni. 5.1.3. Cc chc nng b xung ca mng iu khin cuc gi 1. Xp hng Cc cuc gi kt thc v cc cuc gi bt u c xp hng ti BSS v phi

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tho mn cc iu kin sau y : i vi cc cuc gi khi u ca MS, s ch bo khng xp hng c cung cp cho MS. Do vic xp hng c xem nh mt s thit lp cuc gi tr i vi MS . i vi cc cuc gi kt thc ca MS, vic xp hng khng c tri vi cc iu kin gii phng khc thng trong mng c nh. Ni chung, cc cuc gi c th c chuyn qua cc mng quc t s khng phi xp hng, ngha l vic xp hng khng th p dng vi cc cuc gi m mng GSM khng bit mng khi u. 2. Thit lp cuc gi v tuyn (OACSU) OACSU c th c thc hin trong mng GSM trn c s tu chn lm tng dung lng iu khin cuc gi ca mng GSM, n ph thuc vo cc iu kin sau : OACSU khng ch c s dng cho cc cuc gi n mt s quc t OACSU khng c s dng cho cc cuc gi vo tng i, tr khi hai bn i n hip nh song phng cho php mt ng dng nh vy ca OACSU. trnh s nghi ng OACSU khng p dng vi cc cuc gi m mng GSM khng nhn bit c kiu gi hoc mng khi u. Cc MS nc ngoi khng h tr th tc OACSU c php truy nhp vo cc mng GSM ni OACSU c s dng. Cc MS h tr OACSU c kh nng thao tc trong cc mng GSM ni OACSU khng c thc hin. OACSU s ch dng c cho cc cuc gi in thoi. 3. Cc dch v lin quan n bo mt
SVTH: Nhm 4

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Cc mng GSM cung cp hai dch v bo mt trn ng dn v tuyn l: Bo mt nhn dng thu bao v bo mt d liu thu bao. Bo mt nhn dng thu bao: Dch v ny cung cp b mt v cc nhn dng ca thu bao. Mt ngi xm nhp khng th nhn dng c thu bao no ang s dng ngun ti nguyn no trn ng truyn dn v tuyn. Thay v IMSI, mt nhn dng tm thi c dng. Nhn dng ny (TMSI) l mt s cc b ch hp l trong mt vng nht nh. TMSI c VLR phn b v c gi n MS trong ch m ho. Bo mt d liu thu bao: dch v ny cung cp bo mt v d liu ngi dng c truyn trn mt knh lu lng. S m ho / gii m ca d liu ngi dng c thc hin trong MS v BSS bng mt kho, kho ny c tnh ton trong c MS v mng. 4. Thu khng lin tc Thu khng lin tc l mt k thut c dng lm gim s tiu th pin trung bnh ca cc my di ng. Chc nng ny bt buc mng phi h tr, nh l tu chn vi cc my di ng. 5.2 CC CH TIU V CU HNH MNG 5.2.1 Cc ch tiu ca MSC 1. Ti chun Ch tiu u tin ca MSC l ch tiu v ti chun bao gm: ti chun trn cc mch vo lin tng i v ti chun cho cc cuc gi MS. * Ti chun trn cc mch vo lin tng i bao gm: Ti chun A: Ti chun A l chim dng trung bnh 0.7 Erl trn tt c cc mch vo vi 35 ln gi th /gi/mch vo. Con s ny gi nh 45% ln gi th
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khng hiu qu. Ti chun B: Ti chun B l chim dng trung bnh 0.85 Erl trn tt c cc mch vo vi 42 ln gi th/gi/mch vo. * Ti chun cho cc cuc gi MS : Ti chun A: Cc b d liu v cc loi MS t W n Y c la chn kim sot kh nng quan st trng trong cc lc a, cc quc gia v cc vng khc nhau. Ti chun B: ti chun B l s tng thm lu lng trn ti chun A 2. Cuc gi th khng c iu khin thch ng Cuc gi th khng c thch ng l cuc gi th b ngn chn hoc b tr hon qu lu trong tng i. 3. Xc sut tr Tr l mt ch tiu rt quan trng trong qun l cht lng mng. Tr c chia thnh rt nhiu loi, sau y l cc loi tr c tiu chun ngnh quy nh: * Tr bo nhn bo hiu ngi dng : L khong thi gian t lc thu c bn tin bo hiu ca ngi dng t knh Dm cho n khi bn tin bo nhn vic thu c chuyn tip tr li t MSC n knh Dm. Tr chuyn bo hiu: Tr chuyn bo hiu ca MSC l thi gian cn cho MSC chuyn mt bn tin t mt h thng bo hiu n mt h thng bo hiu khc vi ti thiu hoc khng yu cu nhng hot ng trao i khc. Khong thi gian c o t lc thu c bn tin t h thng bo hiu cho n thi im chuyn tip bn tin tng ng ti h thng bo hiu khc.
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Tr kt ni lin tc: i vi lu lng bt u ra, tr kt ni lin tc c xc nh l khong thi gian t lc yu cu thng tin bo hiu thit lp mt kt ni qua MSC (thu c t h thng bo hiu vo), cho n lc ng truyn dn l kh dng mang lu lng gia cc im kt thc vo v ra trn MSC. Tr gi ch bo cuc gi vo (cho cc knh lu lng ni b v kt thc): Tr gi ch bo cuc gi vo c xc nh l khong thi gian t lc thu c thng tin bo hiu cn thit t h thng bo hiu cho n khi chuyn tio bn tin thit lp n h thng bo hiu ca thu bao c gi. Pha ny gm c ba phn c iu khin trong BSS hoc trong MS, c th l nhn tin, bo hiu RACH v SDCCCH truy nhp vo mng. Tr gii phng kt ni: Tr gii phng kt ni l khong thi gian t lc thu c bn tin khng kt ni hoc gii phng t mt h thng bo hiu cho n khi kt ni khng cn kh dng trn cuc gi (v kh dng trn cuc gi khc) v bn tin gii phng hoc khng kt ni tng ng c chuyn tip n h thng bo hiu khc (c lin quan n kt ni). Tr xo cuc gi: Vic xo cuc gi v khng kt ni lun c thc hin ng thi. Tuy nhin, trn cuc gi no , sau khi xy ra vic ngng kt ni tng i c th tip tc cn 49ien cc tham chiu cuc gi cho n khi thu c mt bn tin xo. Khi , tng i c th loi b thng tin tham chiu cuc gi. Bn tin gii phng tng ng c chuyn tip n cc h thng bo hiu 49ien quan trong khong thi gian tnh n tr chuyn bo hiu.
SVTH: Nhm 4

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nh thi bt u tnh cc (cc cuc gi chuyn mch): Khi cn, vic nh thi tnh cc ti MSC bt u sau khi thu c ch bo tr li t tng i ang kt ni hoc t ngi dng c gi. Tr thit lp cuc gi: Tr thit lp cuc gi i vi cc cuc gi di ng bt u ra khi MSC, c o t khi thu thit lp n khi gi IAM. Pha ny cng bao gm vic phn nh knh lu lng giao din khng gian trong BSS (tt c d liu iu khin cuc gi l kh dng trong VLR ti thi gian thit lp). Tr thit lp cuc gi v tuyn OACSU: Tr OACSU l tr trong chuyn mch ng dn thoi t thu bao A n thu bao B do s chim ng dn v tuyn sau khi thu bao B b ngt kt ni. OACSU l khong thi gian t khi thu c ch bo tr li t thu bao B cho n khi chim c ng dn v tuyn thnh cng. 4. Ch tiu x l cuc gi Bn cnh ch tiu v cu hnh MSC, tiu chun ngnh cng a ra ch tiu x l cuc gi. Cc ch tiu bao gm: Gii phng sm : Xc sut mt s c ca MSC dn n vic gii phng sm mt kt ni c thit lp trong khong thi gian mt pht bt k phi 2x10-5 S c gii phng: Xc sut mt s c MSC ngn cn vic gii phng cn phi c ca mt kt ni phi 2x10-5 Tnh cc sai: Xc sut mt cuc gi th nhn c s tnh cc sai do s c ca MSC phi 10-4 nh tuyn sai: Xc sut mt cuc gi b nh tuyn sai, sau khi nhn c mt a ch hp l phi 10-4
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Khng c tn hiu s trn ng dy in thoi: Xc sut ca mt cuc gi th gp hin tng khng c tn hiu s sau khi nhn c mt a ch hp l t MSC phi 10-4 Nhng s c khc: Xc sut MSC gy ra mt s c cuc gi (v bt k l do no cha c nhn dng c th trn) phi 10-4 Hiu sut truyn: Xc sut mt kt ni ang c thit lp vi mt cht lng truyn khng th chp nhn c qua tng i phi 10-4 . Cht lng truyn qua tng i c xem l khng th chp nhn c khi h s li bt vt qua iu kin bo ng. (iu kin bo ng cn phi xc nh thm). Tc trt bt: Trong trng hp bnh thng, tc trt c iu khin ti mt tng i ang hot ng vi min ng b ho khc, phi 1trt bit/ 70 ngy ti bt c knh 64Kbps no. Mt trt bt c iu khin xut hin s gy ra s mt dng chnh khung . 5.2.2. Ch tiu HLR v VLR 1. Ti chun ca HLR Ti chun iu khin cuc gi: 0.4 ton tc/thu bao/ gi. Ti chun qun l di ng: 1.8 ton tc/thu bao/ gi. 2. Ti chun ca VLR Ti chun iu khin cuc gi: 1.5 ton tc/thu bao/ gi. Ti chun qun l di ng: 8.5 ton tc/thu bao/ gi. 3. Ch tiu ca HLR v VLR Cc ch tiu sau y cho cc thi gian tr c lp vi kch c ca HLR, VLR v l 95% cc gi tr: Xc sut cc bn tin khng r rng phi 10-7

SVTH: Nhm 4

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Tr cho vic truy tm v mang ra phc hi thng tin t HLR (hoc VLR v l 95% cc gi tr ): + Xc sut cc bn tin khng r rng phi 10-4 + Tr cho vic truy tm v mang ra phc hi thng tin t HLR (hoc VLR) phi < 1000ms. + Tr cho vic ng k v tr trong HLR (hoc trong VLR) phi < 2000ms.

5.3 CC CH TIU V TRUYN DN 5.3.1 Tr knh ting ni Tiu chun ngnh quy nh tr knh ting ni theo c hai hng l 180ms. im tham chiu ming(MRP)/ im tham chiu tai (ERP) trong MS v im kt ni (POI) vi PSTN/ISTN l mt mc tiu cho nh iu hnh GSM khi xy dng mng ca h. Cc phn t c th gy ra tr l: Tr chuyn m thoi Tr m ho knh v tuyn Tr ca mng GSM S phn b tr i vi mng GSM khi s dng mt h thng tc ton phn. Tr ti a theo c hai hng trong mng GSM gia MRP/ ERP v im kt ni s l 180ms. Trong trng hp b chuyn m c nh v bn ngoi BTS khong
SVTH: Nhm 4

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cch ti a gia POI v bin xa nht ca cell do BTS iu khin b gii hn bi tr do truyn lan mt chiu l 1.5ms (khong 300Km). Nu b chuyn m nh v ti BTS th gii hn l 6.5ms ( khong 1300km). Tr knh ting ni tc ton phn c phn b rt lng lo cho cc thc th h thng khc nhau. Phn b tr i vi mng GSM khi s dng mt h thng na tc Nu gi thit rng cht lng thoi lin kt vi h thng na tc l ging nh h thng tc ton phn (xt c hai h thng v tuyn con v v tuyn chuyn m thoi), thu c cht lng truyn ton b nh nhau th tr ti a trong phm vi mng GSM s c duy tr 180ms.

5.3.2 Tr knh d liu Hai yu cu dch v c p dng trn tr truyn dn qu ln i vi cc knh d liu l: * Bo m vn hnh ng giao thc RLP bng cc b nh thi T1 v T2 ang lu tr trong MSC/TWF v trong MS/TA, v th tr tr v gia cc thc th ca mng phi thp( tr tr v < T1-T2) trnh nhng thi gian khng tnh ca b nh thi T1 trong s pht li RLP. iu ny ch p dng cho d liu khng trong sut. * Bo m vn hnh ng bt c giao thc bo nhn u cui u cui no theo cch tng t. iu ny p dng cho mi knh d liu. 5.3.3 Tn hao ton phn/ m lng danh nh Kt ni bng MS cm tay: Cc gi tr danh nh ca m lng pht danh nh(SLR)/ m lng thu danh
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nh(RLR) n im kt ni (POI) l: + SLR = 8 3 dB + RLR = 2 3 dB Khi t iu khin m lng n ti a, RLR phi -13 dB. Kt ni bng MS khng cm tay s dng loa: Cc gi tr SLR/RLR n t POI l: + SLR = 8 3 dB + RLR = 2 3 dB (t iu khin m lng v tr trung bnh) m lng thu c iu khin trong khong gia 7dB v 15dB * Kt ni bng cc MS tai nghe : Cc gi tr SLR/RLR n t POI l: + SLR = 8 3 dB + RLR = 2 3 dB (t iu khin m lng v tr trung bnh) Bt c s iu khin m lng thu no cng c mt khong ti a tm thi l 6 dB 5.3.4 Tn hao n nh S suy gim gia u vo s v u ra s ti im kt ni t nht l 6dB ti mi tn s trong khong t 200Hz n 4 KHz trong cc iu kin m thanh ti MS trng hp xu nht . 5.3.5 Tn di C hai ngun tn di chnh: * Tn di m thanh do ng dn m thanh gia cc my bin nng pht v thu gy ra * Tn di in do lin kt gia cc hng pht v thu gy ra. Ngun ban u

SVTH: Nhm 4

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ca tn di ny l mt b i in t hai n bn dy. 5.3.6 Tp nhiu knh ri Pht tn hiu : Mc tp nhiu ti a ti giao din iu bin xung m u (UPCMI) trong cc iu kin khng n phi -64dBm. Mc tp nhiu ti a ny phi bao gm phn ng gp ca tp nhiu cui cng ca mt b trit tn di m thanh trong iu kin khng thu c tn hiu no v mc ny c th p dng vi tn hiu tp nhiu di rng. Mc nhiu lon ca tn s n phi < 10dB. Thu tn hiu: Mc tp nhiu (m thanh) ti a ti MS cm tay khi khng thu c tn hiu no (mc 0) t b chuyn m ting ni phi -57dBPa(A) khi mt tn hiu PCM iu khin tng ng vi gi tr u ra ca b gii m s 1.

5.4 CC CH TIU CHT LNG DCH V 5.4.1 Ch tiu cht lng k thut 1. T l cuc gi c thit lp thnh cng nh ngha: T l cuc gi c thit lp thnh cng l t s gia s cuc gi c thit lp thnh cng trn tng s cuc gi. Ch tiu: T l cuc gi c thit lp thnh cng 92%. Phng php xc nh: - M phng cuc gi: S lng cuc gi m phng cn thit t nht l 1000 cuc thc hin vo cc gi khc nhau trong ngy, trong vng ph sng. Khong cch gia hai cuc gi m phng lin tip xut pht t cng mt thu bao ch gi khng nh hn 10 giy.
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- Gim st bng cc tnh nng sn c ca mng: s lng cuc gi ly mu ti thiu l ton b cuc gi trong mt tun. 2. T l cuc gi b ri nh ngha: T l cuc gi b ri l t s gia s cuc gi b ri trn tng s cuc gi c thit lp thnh cng. Ch tiu: T l cuc gi b ri 5% Phng php xc nh: - M phng cuc gi: S lng cuc gi m phng cn thit t nht l 1500 cuc thc hin vo cc gi khc nhau trong ngy, trong vng ph sng. di cuc gi ly mu trong khong t 60 giy n 180 giy. Khong cch gia hai cuc gi m phng lin tip xut pht t cng mt thu bao ch gi khng nh hn 10 giy. - Gim st bng cc tnh nng sn c ca mng: S lng cuc gi ly mu ti thiu l ton b cuc gi trong mt tun. 3. Cht lng thoi nh ngha: Cht lng thoi l ch s tch hp ca cht lng truyn ting ni trn knh thoi c xc nh bng cch tnh im trung bnh vi thang im MOS t 1 n 5 theo Khuyn ngh P.800 ca Lin minh Vin thng Th gii ITU. Ch tiu: Cht lng thoi trung bnh phi 3,0 im. Phng php xc nh: - Phng php s dng thit b o: Phng php o thc hin theo Khuyn ngh ITU-T P.862 v quy i ra im MOS theo Khuyn ngh ITU-T P.862.1. S lng cuc gi ly mu t nht l 1000 cuc vo cc gi khc nhau trong ngy,

SVTH: Nhm 4

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trong vng ph sng. Khong cch gia hai cuc gi m phng lin tip xut pht t cng mt thu bao ch gi khng nh hn 10 giy. - Phng php ly kin khch hng: S khch hng ly kin ti thiu l 1000 khch hng i vi mng c s thu bao t 10.000 tr ln hoc ly 10% s khch hng i vi mng c s thu bao nh hn 10.000. Mu ly kin khch hng qua th, th in t, fax hoc in thoi. 4. chnh xc ghi cc a. T l cuc gi b ghi cc sai nh ngha: T l cuc gi b ghi cc sai l t s gia s cuc gi b ghi cc sai trn tng s cuc gi. Cuc gi b ghi cc sai bao gm: - Cuc gi ghi cc nhng khng c thc. - Cuc gi c thc nhng khng ghi cc. - Cuc gi ghi sai s ch gi v/hoc s b gi. - Cuc gi c ghi cc c di ln hn 01 giy v gi tr tuyt i so vi di m thoi thc ca cuc gi. - Cuc gi c ghi cc c thi gian bt u sai qu 9 giy v gi tr tuyt i so vi thi im thc ly theo ng h chun quc gia. Ch tiu: T l cuc gi b ghi cc sai 0,1%. b. T l thi gian m thoi b ghi cc sai nh ngha: T l thi gian m b ghi cc sai l t s gia tng gi tr tuyt i thi gian ghi sai ca cc cuc gi b ghi cc sai trn tng s thi gian ca cc cuc gi. Ch tiu: T l ghi cc sai v thi gian m thoi 0,1%.

SVTH: Nhm 4

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Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM

GVHD: Th.s V Th Hng

Phng php xc nh: (cho c ch tiu 3.4.1 v 3.4.2) Tng s cuc gi ly mu cn thit t nht l 10.000 cuc gi i vi tng ch tiu nu trn. Vic xc nh c th p dng mt trong hai hoc kt hp c hai phng php sau: - M phng cuc gi: Thc hin m phng vo cc gi khc nhau trong ngy, trong vng ph sng v theo cc hng ni mng v lin mng. Khong cch gia hai cuc gi m phng lin tip xut pht t cng mt thu bao ch gi khng nh hn 10 giy. S cuc gi m phng c di t 01 giy n 90 giy t nht l 60% ca tng s cuc gi m phng. - Gim st bo hiu: Cc cuc gi ly mu vo cc gi khc nhau trong ngy. im u ni my gim st bo hiu ti cc tng i v thc hin trn cc lung bo hiu hot ng bnh thng hng ngy ca mng vin thng di ng mt t v bo m khng lm nh hng n hot ng bnh thng ca mng.

5. T l cuc gi tnh cc, lp ho n sai nh ngha: T l cuc gi tnh cc, lp ho n sai l t l cuc gi b tnh cc hoc lp ho n sai trn tng s cuc gi. Doanh nghip cung cp dch v phi lu tr s liu gc tnh cc trong vng ti thiu 180 ngy, bao gm: ngy, thng, nm thc hin cuc gi; thi gian bt u, thi gian kt thc (hoc di cuc gi); s my b gi (cuc gi quc t: m quc gia, m vng, s thu bao; cuc gi trong nc: m vng, s thu bao), cc ph tng cuc gi. Ch tiu: T l cuc gi tnh cc, lp ho n sai 0,01%.
SVTH: Nhm 4

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Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM

GVHD: Th.s V Th Hng

Phng php xc nh: So snh t nht 10.000 cuc gi c tnh cc vi s liu ghi cc. 5.4.2 Ch tiu cht lng phc v 1. kh dng ca dch v nh ngha: kh dng ca dch v (D) l t l thi gian trong mng sn sng cung cp dch v cho khch hng. Phng php xc nh: Thng k ton b cc s c trong thi gian xc nh kh dng. Thi gian xc nh kh dng t nht l 3 thng. 2. Khiu ni ca khch hng v cht lng dch v nh ngha: Khiu ni ca khch hng v cht lng dch v l s khng hi lng ca khch hng c bo cho doanh nghip cung cp dch v bng n khiu ni. Ch tiu: T l khiu ni ca khch hng v cht lng dch v khng c vt qu 0,25 khiu ni trn 100 khch hng trong 3 thng. Phng php xc nh: Thng k ton b khiu ni ca khch hng trn ton mng vin thng di ng mt t v cht lng dch v trong khong thi gian ti thiu l 3 thng. 3. Hi m khiu ni ca khch hng nh ngha: Hi m khiu ni ca khch hng l vn bn ca doanh nghip cung cp dch v thng bo cho khch hng c n khiu ni v vic tip nhn khiu ni v xem xt gii quyt. Ch tiu: Doanh nghip cung cp dch v phi xem xt v c vn bn hi m trong thi hn 48 gi cho 100% khch hng khiu ni k t thi im tip nhn
SVTH: Nhm 4

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Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM

GVHD: Th.s V Th Hng

khiu ni. 4. Dch v h tr khch hng nh ngha: Dch v h tr khch hng l dch v: gii p thc mc, hng dn s dng, cung cp thng tin lin quan v thng bo cho khch hng tr s, s in thoi, fax dch v h tr khch hng. Ch tiu: Thi gian cung cp dch v h tr khch hng qua in thoi l 24h trong ngy. T l cuc gi ti dch v h tr khch hng, chim mch thnh cng v nhn c tn hiu tr li ca in thoi vin trong vng 60 giy 80% tng s cuc gi.

LI KT
n phn tch cc c im k thut c bn ca h thng thng tin di ng GSM cng nh cc ch tiu nh gi cht lng. GSM l mt cng ngh rt ph bin, c p dng rt rng ri trn th gii ni chung v Vit Nam ni ring. Hiu c cc bn cht k thut ca n s gip chng em t tin p dng nhng g hc hc vo thc t cng vic cng nh c nn tng kin thc tip tc nghing cu cc cng ngh cao hn nhng c nhiu im chung v nn tng k
SVTH: Nhm 4

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Tng quan v h thng thng tin di ng GSM

GVHD: Th.s V Th Hng

thut vi GSM nh GPRS, EDGE v W-CDMA. Tuy nhin n ch mi i vo cc c tnh k thut mang tnh l thuyt m cha th a ra cc dn chng cng nh qu trnh p dng trin khai mng Vit Nam thng qua cc dn chng, thng tin c th. Chng em s i su hn vo kha cnh ny trong n tng hp sau ny. Cui cng chng em xin chn thnh cm n Th.s V Th Hng nhit tnh hng dn chng em hon thnh n ny.

SVTH: Nhm 4

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