, , 2011, . 104, .

109-124
BIBLID: 0353-4537, (2011), 104, p 109-124
Mandi M., Todorovi N., Popadi R., Danon G. 2011. Influence of wood properties and technological parameters of processing on cutting power in milling of thermally modified beechwood.
Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry 104: 109-124.

UDK: 630*842:630*812

DOI: 10.2298/GSF1104109M

:
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(170C, 190C 210C)
( ).
3516400mm,
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INFLUENCE OF WOOD PROPERTIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARA

METERS OF PROCESSING ON CUTTING POWER IN MILLING OF
THERMALLY MODIFIED BEECHWOOD
Abstract: The paper presents results of influence of thermal modification on cut
ting power required for milling wood processing. The experiment was conducted
. . , , - ,
(e-mail: marija.mandic@sfb.bg.ac.rs)
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109

 , , ,
for the different treatment temperatures (170C, 190C and 210C) and different
technological parameters of processing (feed and cutting depth). Cutting powers
during milling were measured on four groups of beech wood samples, dimensions
3516400 mm, separately for heartwood and sapwood. The following mechanical
and physical properties of the processed samples were tested: bending properties
(modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity), cross-sectional and tangential hard
ness, and ir-dry density. The measuring device used for measuring, monitoring
and displaying cutting power was developed at the Wood Machining Centre at the
Faculty of Forestry in Belgrade. The results point out the differences in the pow
ers required for processing heat-treated wood compared to untreated wood. The
analysis shows that with the increase in treatment temperature, the required cut
ting powers decrease.
Keywords: beechwood, thermal modification, mechanical properties, cutting
power

1
, ,
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-).

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. :
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, (H i l l , 2006).
, T i e m a n n
(1915), S t a m m H a n s e n (1937).
K o l l m a n S c h n e i d e r (1963).
,
150C. 180C
260C (2003, H i l l , 2006). 140C
, 300C
(H i l l , 2006).
110

, , (2003)
,
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
,
, .

, (W i n
d e i s e n et al., 2007)
(K o t i l a i n e n , 2000, S a i l e r et al., 2000).
,
(Po p a d i , To d o r o v i , 2008.) 150C, 170C, 190C
210C ( 4 )
.
190C 210C.
, 210C.
210C
, 190C
, .
Po p o v i
(2010).

.


.
(K o et al., 1999, Va z q u e z - C o o z et al., 2003),
(L e m a s t e r et al., 1985) . ,

(I s k r a et al., 2005).
,
, ,
, .

, ,
(I s k r a et al., 2005).
111

 , , ,

.

- .
- ,
(1 2),
(M a n d i , D a n o n , 2010).
2.
2.1.
11

. .
, , 2 m
30 mm. 20
,
, 10%.

. ,

.

.
Tarkett ...
. 170C, 190C 210C
4h. 8 16
e. 3516400 mm.
,
,
170C, 190C,
210C.

. o
5%.
2.2.

SRPS D.A1.044,
SRPS D.A1.046 EN1534 - Brinells hardness
112

WT-4.

1.


Figure 1. Feeding device on the milling machine

Mini
Max, .1.
,
.

Maggi Engineering, Vario Feed,
3-24 mmin1.

4
, D=120 mm,
B=40 mm
: =18,
=57, =15
=5.
.2.

(n=6.000 min-1, v=37,68 ms1)
u (6 mmin1,
8 mmin1 10 mmin1)
a (1mm 3 mm),
,
.
768 .
2.3.


-
2 (M a n d i et al., 2.
2010). Figure 2. Milling cutter

.
PowerLogic PM710 (3) Schneider Electric
.
113

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3. PowerLogic PM 710 4.  Power View

Figure 4. Data recording in Power View program
Figure 3. PowerLogic PM 710

Power View ( 4
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3.
3.1.
,
, , .
1.
1.
Table 1. Values of modified beech wood density
/ Treatment temperature

170C
190C
210C
Untreated
Type of samples
gcm3
/ Sapwood
0,728
0,694
0,652
0,644
/ Red heartwood
0,700
0,672
0,644
0,630

2.
114


2. 

Table 2. Values of beech wood properties at different treatment temperatures

Modulus of
elasticity

Bending strength

Cross-section
al hardness

Tangential
hardness

Type of

samples
Red
Red
Red
Red
Sapwood
Sapwood
Sapwood
Sapwood
heartwood
heartwood
heartwood
heartwood
Nmm2
.
Untreated

126,0

116,4

13,552

13,203

45, 9

44,6

34,4

30,4

170C

124,1

108,4

14,463

12,757

60,2

52,4

29,1

27,3

190C

103,6

69,5

14,639

13,143

45,9

63,7

34,4

30,4

210C

79,1

63,1

12,906

11,044

40,2

44,3

20,9

22,4

3.2.
3
,
.
3.
Table 3. Cutting powers in milling beech false heartwood

Feed

Cutting depth

mmin1

mm

/ Treatment temperature

Untreated

170C

190C

210C

98,0

87,5

70,5

69,3

93,8

98,9

89,8

74,2

10

100,6

90,9

107,0

73,0

195,0

156,8

163,9

121,1

218,7

185,3

149,9

142,1

10

230,2

179,7

189,6

140,3

4 a
.
115

 , , ,
4.
Table 4. Cutting powers in milling beech sapwood

Feed

Cutting depth

m/min

mm

/ Treatment temperature

170C
190C
210C
Untreated
W

110,1

87,5

68,0

69,3

98,6

98,9

75,2

74,2

10

115,4

90,9

108,6

73,0

221,3

202,4

161,4

121,4

235,3

181,9

177,5

127,3

10

255,4

193,8

183,8

145,7

4.
4.1.
(,
), .

. ,
1
(F=4,89, p<0,05) (F=8,48, p<0,05).

170C,
190C 210C.

190C.
4.2.

(2).

.
170C
. 210C
37% 46% . (
2) (
116

Air-dry density

gcm3
0,74

/ sapwood

0,72
0,70

/ red heartwood

0,68
0,66
0,64
0,62
0,60
0,58

untreated

170
190

Treatment temperature

210

1.
Diagram 1. Influence of heat-treatment on wood density

F=17,78, p<0,05, : F=39,57, p<0,05)

190C 210C. 170C
( F= 0,75, p>0,05, F=0,08, p>0,05).

. ,

( F=2,29, p>0,05, F=2,14, p>0,05).
210C,
16% .

, .

(E s t e v e s , Pe r e i r r a , 2009, B o r r e g a , K a r e n l a m p i ,
2008).

( ) (
), .
F- ( F=0,26, p>0,05,
F= 0,09, p>0,05).

210C, 170C 190C.
117

 , , ,

4.3. 

(t-),
( 3 4),

.
( 3 4).

190C 210C ( 3 4).
170C 190C, 1 mm a
( 3).


. .2 je a
a 190C
210C 3 mm.

,
- / Untreated sapwood
- / Untreated heartwood
210C / sapwood

260

190C / heartwood
210C / heartwood
190C / sapwood

240

Power

220
200
180
160
140
120

mmin1

100
6
3 mm
Cutting depth 3 mm

Feed

10

2. 

Diagram 2. Influence of feed on cutting power in milling beech sapwood and red heartwood

118

,
.
4.4. 


(H i l l , 2006, Po
p a d i , To d o r o v i , 2008, E s t e v e s , Pe r e i r a , 2009).
( o k i , Po p o v i , 2002),

.
a
(3). ,
(
4 5).
. 4
(R2=0,630)
.
. 5
R2=0,562
,
.
250

W
y=1008,0x498,0
R=0,786

Power

200

150

100
0,62

gcm3
0,64

0,66

0,68

Density

0,7

0,72

0,74

3.

Diagram 3. Influence of wood density on cutting power in milling

119

 , , ,

260

240
y=1,2351x+56,301
220

R=0,6309

Power

200
180
160
140
120
Nmm2

100
60

70

80

90
100

Bending strength

110

120

130

4.
Diagram 4. Influence of wood bending strength on cutting power in milling

260

240
y=5,8266x+11,319
220

R=0,5627

Power

200
180
160
140
120
Nmm2

100
20

22

24

26
28
30

Tangential hardness

32

34

36

5.
Diagram 5. Influence of wood tangential hardness on cutting power in milling

5.


:
120


,
170C,
190C 210C;


190C 210C,
;

,
;
 3 mm, 1 mm,
.
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20112014. .
.

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Marija Mandi
Neboja Todorovi
Ranko Popadi
Gradimir Danon
INFLUENCE OF WOOD PROPERTIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF
PROCESSING ON CUTTING POWER IN MILLING OF THERMALLY MODIFIED
BEECHWOOD
Summary
Two main factors that determine the properties of thermo-wood are temperature and dura
tion of wood treatment, where temperature is a more influential factor. Test samples were treated
with water vapor at the temperatures of 170C, 190C and 210C for 4.1 h. For the research 8 test
sample groups were prepared along with 16 test samples made of beech wood for each group. Di
mensions of samples were 3516400mm. The first four groups consisted of test samples made of
false heartwood, where the first group consisted of thermally untreated test samples, the second
group was test samples treated at the temperature of 170C, the third group consisted of test sam
ples treated at the temperature of 190C, while the fourth group was test samples treated at the tem
perature of 210C. The remaining four groups were test samples made of sapwood with the same
arrangement of heat-treatments as above. Testing was done for three feeds (6 mmin1 , 8 mmin1
and 10 mmin1 ) and two cutting depths (1 mm and 3 mm), separately for heartwood and sapwood,
in all sample groups. Altogether 768 measurements were conducted.
Pursuant to the results obtained in this research, the following conclusions were made:
By measuring physical and mechanical properties of untreated and treated beech wood
samples, it was found that the increase in treatment temperature had a significant impact
on the reduction of sample density. The paper confirmed that the thermal modification
influenced more significantly the strength change than the change in modulus of elastic
ity in bending. The applied high temperature affects the reduction in bending strength
(F=17.78 sapwood, p<0.05, false heartwood: F=39.57, p<0.05) and significantly at tem
peratures of 190C and 210C. According to the data, heat-treatment does not affect the
modulus of elasticity (F=2.29 sapwood p>0.05, false heartwood F=2.14 p>0.05). Based
on the results it can be said that thermal treatment causes a significant change in the
cross-sectional hardness and tangential hardness by observing the difference between
the values of untreated wood and modified wood at 210C;
The measured powers for cutting depth of 1 mm show a two-directional trend. With the
increase in heat-treatment temperature, the required cutting powers decrease signifi
cantly if the samples treated at 210C and untreated samples are compared. Concerning
the samples treated at the temperature of 170C, cutting powers are higher than among

123

 , , ,
untreated samples for 8 mmin1 feed and cutting powers among samples treated at the
temperature of 190C are higher than those among untreated samples for 10 mmin1 feed.
For the cutting depth of 3 mm, the dependence is one-directional, namely cutting powers
decrease with the increase of treatment temperature;
The research shows that thermo-wood, despite the reduction in density and mechanical
properties still remains suitable for mechanical processing and commercial application.

124