LOREN R. MOSHER,1 M.D.

.
:
(Soteria) .

85% 90%
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,

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Crossing Place McAuliffe House,
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, .
,

,
.
,
, ,
, ,
. .: Loren Mosher ( 1933, 2004)
, ,
editor Schizophrenia Bulletin, ,
, .

, .


. . Loren Msher
1998, 30 , (APA), ,

. 2004 71 .
1

1

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 ( 30 )

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1961, ,
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. Rollo May (1958)
. May
( Ludwig Lefebre),
- (.., Allers, 1961 Boss,1963 Hegel, 1967 Husserl, 1967
Sartre, 1956 Tillich, 1952 ) .
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 , ( ),
.
, , "
".
, ,
. (.. Elvin
Semrad Norman Paul)
( 1962!) ,
. O Harry Stack Sullivan (1962)
(double bind theory) (Bateson et al, 1956).

(.. Martin Orne). ,
" " (Goffman,1961): ,
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Thorazine (. Smith, Klein, French 1956 .
Braden Johnson [1990])
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(.. Gerald Klerman),
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"." 164 ,

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,
; 1966-1967,
R.D. Laing Kingsley Hall .
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-
, 1969-1971
Soteria.
Soteria .
"
" (Bockhoven, 1963), Sullivan
(1962)
Sheppard Enoch Pratt '20, (Scheff, 1966),
Jung (Perry, 1974)
(Fromm-Reichman,1948, Searles, 1965),
(Laing, 1967 Menninger, 1959),
Fairweather Lodges (Fairweather et al, 1969).
(1971-1983)
,
Soteria

""

4

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. (. Mosher et al, 1978,

1995). ,
30 ( . " "),
Soteria 18 30 ,
DSM-
Bleuler,
Bleuler (
1). (18 30 )
,

. ,
.
,
Bay.
1: :
1.: DSM (3 )
2.
3. 4 7 Bleuler (2 )
4. 30
5. : 18-30
6. :
, Soteria 24-
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.
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,
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: " ( )" " ," "
," " LSD" (,
'70 ).
5

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. :
"". "",

, .
,

.
Soteria 1971. ("Emanon") 1974
Bay .
Soteria "" .
,
. 1974
1975 (Mosher Menn, 1974 Mosher et Al, 1975).
(Mosher Menn, 1978, Matthews et Al, 1979)
(1971-1976), Soteria 1983.
, 1976-1983
1992.
, ,
- (21 ), - (
10%), ( ),
, , .

(1971-1976):

.
.
10 , 5 , 7 7
() .
6 . ,
,
.

. Follow up
6

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 .
3% .
.
, ,
.
Moos (WAS)
COPES (, 1974, 1975).
, .
COPES
Emanon,
. , Soteria

Soteria Emanon (Wendt et Al, 1983).
. ,
.
( ) 1971-1976
,
, . 16 571

.
. ,
( ),
6 $4000.
(Matthews et al, 1979; Mosher et al, 1978)
(1976-1982,
Emanon)
, ,
. 25%
6
.
. ,
, 70%
, . , 1, 2
7

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( ),
( ) .
, ,
2 .
, ,

(Mosher et Al, 1992): (), ( ),
(), ().

, Follow-up (Mosher et Al,
1995).

Soteria,
,
(NIMH). 1972 Woodley House,
, 1958.
,
, ,
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18 . , 1977,
Woodley House ( "Crossing Place"),
, :
1)
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,
2) ,
Crossing Place

3) 30 ,
.
8

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, 1977,
, " ,
".
Crossing Place (Fenton et Al, 1998),
Soteria "" ,
. Crossing Place
, Soteria,
Crossing Place (37), (70%) ,
, (
14 ), . ,
Crossing Place 90% 2000
( 1997)
(Kresky- Wolff et Al, 1984). 20 ,

.
, , (Soteria Crossing Place)
(Hirschfeld et Al, 1977 Mosher et Al, 1973),
, ,
.
1986 Soteria Crossing Place
:
, Crossing Place
Soteria . ,
,
, .

. Crossing Place
"" ,
(1 2 ).
Soteria
,
. Crossing Place ,
, ,
, .
9

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 ,
Woodley House . Soteria,
, - 4 6
.
Crossing Place. Crossing Place
,
. Soteria
6 .
Crossing Place
Soteria.
" "
.
Crossing Place
,
,
. Soteria
.
Soteria ' , Crossing Place:

.
, Soteria, Crossing Place ,
, .
Crossing Place ,
Soteria. Crossing Place,
, Soteria
.
Crossing Place, .

,
-, ,
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. ,
Soteria, ,
, .
10

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 Crossing Place

.
.
.
, Soteria, ,
. Crossing
Place, ,
. Soteria,
,
. Crossing Place
. ,

, Crossing Place
Soteria.
Crossing Place,
Crossing Place
(Mosher et Al, 1986, pp. 262-264)

1990 , Maryland, McAuliffe House,
Crossing Place. Crossing Place
. ,
, , Crossing
Place Soteria, Soteria.
- -
.

, ,
. ,
10% 1500
, . ,
, 10%
11

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.
, , ,

.
, Crossing Place
: 30, , 25% ,
. ,
. (Fenton et Al, 1998)
. ,
, 40% .
, $19.000 ,
, ,
. 1993
$500 ( ),
$150 ( ) ,
.

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:
1) ,
.
2) 10 (6 8 2 ),
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3)
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12

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 . ,
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4)
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.
25 , ,

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(irschfeld et al., 1977; Mosher et al., 1973, 1992).
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13

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,
( Moos, 1974, 1975)
Soteria, Crossing Place, McAuliffe ouse
(Mosher, 1992; Mosher et Al.,
1986, 1995; Wendt et Al., 1983).
,
Soteria (. Wendt et Al., 1983),
, Montgomery.
Soteria-Crossing Place, "
", . Soteria,
Crossing Place McAuliffe House
s,
,
.
Moos, Community-Oriented Program Environment Scales (COPES)
100 items -,
: /, ,
.
(Soteria , Crossing Place McAuliffe House )
.
.

(, , )
: (
). Crossing Place McAuliffe House, , Soteria
:

( ), ,
(Soteria). ,

( 30 ) Soteria.
14

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25 Soteria,
.
( Soteria) Mesler
et al., 1982a, 1982b; Straw, 1982; Stroul, 1987.
Warner (1995).

,
. Straw, , 19 20
,

43% . Soteria

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, .
" ",
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,

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.
(. Mosher, 1983).
Soteria
Soteria 1983. , Emanon,
1980 (37 ),
, Soteria .
15

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 , , .
, ,
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, Szasz (1976) " ".
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Soteria.

(Frances et al., 1996; Lehman and Steinwachs, 1998).
Soteria.
, ,

,
() 2 .
, Soteria . Luc
Ciompi, , ,
. 1984, Soteria
Soteria.

2 12 (Ciompi, 1994, 1997a, 1997b; Ciompi et al., 1992).
Soteria Ciompi
, .
1997 , Soteria,
Weiland Machleidt .
Soteria , , .

16

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