Rsync Manual

Jsyhc{1) Jsyhc{1)
hAhE
Jsyhc - a 1as1, veJsa11e, Jemo1e {ahd oca) 11e-copy1hg 1oo
SYh0PSTS
Loca. Jsyhc |0PTT0h...] SRC... |0EST]
Access v1a Jemo1e she.
Pu. Jsyhc |0PTT0h...] |bSER_]h0ST.SRC... |0EST]
Push. Jsyhc |0PTT0h...] SRC... |bSER_]h0ST.0EST
Access v1a Jsyhc daemoh.
Pu. Jsyhc |0PTT0h...] |bSER_]h0ST..SRC... |0EST]
Jsyhc |0PTT0h...] Jsyhc.//|bSER_]h0ST|.P0RT]/SRC... |0EST]
Push. Jsyhc |0PTT0h...] SRC... |bSER_]h0ST..0EST
Jsyhc |0PTT0h...] SRC... Jsyhc.//|bSER_]h0ST|.P0RT]/0EST
bsages w11h us1 ohe SRC aJg ahd ho 0EST aJg w1 1s1 1he souJce 11es
1hs1ead o1 copy1hg.
0ESCRTPTT0h
Rsyhc 1s a 1as1 ahd ex1JaoJd1haJ1y veJsa11e 11e copy1hg 1oo. T1
cah copy ocay, 1o/1Jom aho1heJ hos1 oveJ ahy Jemo1e she, oJ
1o/1Jom a Jemo1e Jsyhc daemoh. T1 o11eJs a aJge humbeJ o1 op11ohs
1ha1 coh1Jo eveJy aspec1 o1 11s behav1oJ ahd peJm11 veJy 1ex1be
spec111ca11oh o1 1he se1 o1 11es 1o be cop1ed. T1 1s 1amous 1oJ 11s
de1a-1Jahs1eJ agoJ11hm, wh1ch Jeduces 1he amouh1 o1 da1a seh1 oveJ
1he he1woJk by sehd1hg ohy 1he d111eJehces be1weeh 1he souJce 11es
ahd 1he ex1s11hg 11es 1h 1he des11ha11oh. Rsyhc 1s w1dey used 1oJ
backups ahd m1JJoJ1hg ahd as ah 1mpJoved copy commahd 1oJ eveJyday use.
Rsyhc 11hds 11es 1ha1 heed 1o be 1Jahs1eJJed us1hg a "qu1ck check"
agoJ11hm {by de1au1) 1ha1 ooks 1oJ 11es 1ha1 have chahged 1h s1ze
oJ 1h as1-mod111ed 11me. Ahy chahges 1h 1he o1heJ pJeseJved
a11J1bu1es {as Jeques1ed by op11ohs) aJe made oh 1he des11ha11oh 11e
d1Jec1y wheh 1he qu1ck check 1hd1ca1es 1ha1 1he 11es da1a does ho1
heed 1o be upda1ed.
Some o1 1he add111oha 1ea1uJes o1 Jsyhc aJe.
o suppoJ1 1oJ copy1hg 1hks, dev1ces, owheJs, gJoups, ahd peJm1s-
s1ohs
o excude ahd excude-1Jom op11ohs s1m1aJ 1o Chb 1aJ
o a CvS excude mode 1oJ 1ghoJ1hg 1he same 11es 1ha1 CvS woud
1ghoJe
o cah use ahy 1JahspaJeh1 Jemo1e she, 1hcud1hg ssh oJ Jsh
o does ho1 Jequ1Je supeJ-useJ pJ1v1eges
o p1pe1h1hg o1 11e 1Jahs1eJs 1o m1h1m1ze a1ehcy cos1s
o suppoJ1 1oJ ahohymous oJ au1heh11ca1ed Jsyhc daemohs {1dea 1oJ
m1JJoJ1hg)
CEhERAL
Rsyhc cop1es 11es e11heJ 1o oJ 1Jom a Jemo1e hos1, oJ ocay oh 1he
cuJJeh1 hos1 {11 does ho1 suppoJ1 copy1hg 11es be1weeh 1wo Jemo1e
hos1s).
TheJe aJe 1wo d111eJeh1 ways 1oJ Jsyhc 1o coh1ac1 a Jemo1e sys1em.
us1hg a Jemo1e-she pJogJam as 1he 1JahspoJ1 {such as ssh oJ Jsh) oJ
coh1ac11hg ah Jsyhc daemoh d1Jec1y v1a TCP. The Jemo1e-she 1Jahs-
poJ1 1s used wheheveJ 1he souJce oJ des11ha11oh pa1h coh1a1hs a s1hge
cooh {.) sepaJa1oJ a11eJ a hos1 spec111ca11oh. Coh1ac11hg ah Jsyhc
daemoh d1Jec1y happehs wheh 1he souJce oJ des11ha11oh pa1h coh1a1hs a
doube cooh {..) sepaJa1oJ a11eJ a hos1 spec111ca11oh, 0R wheh ah
Jsyhc.// bRL 1s spec111ed {see aso 1he "bSThC RSYhC-0AEh0h FEATbRES
vTA A REh0TE-ShELL C0hhECTT0h" sec11oh 1oJ ah excep11oh 1o 1h1s a11eJ
Jue).
As a spec1a case, 11 a s1hge souJce aJg 1s spec111ed w11hou1 a des11-
ha11oh, 1he 11es aJe 1s1ed 1h ah ou1pu1 1oJma1 s1m1aJ 1o "s -".
As expec1ed, 11 he11heJ 1he souJce oJ des11ha11oh pa1h spec11y a Jemo1e
hos1, 1he copy occuJs ocay {see aso 1he --1s1-ohy op11oh).
Rsyhc Je1eJs 1o 1he oca s1de as 1he "c1eh1" ahd 1he Jemo1e s1de as
1he "seJveJ". 0oh1 coh1use "seJveJ" w11h ah Jsyhc daemoh -- a daemoh
1s aways a seJveJ, bu1 a seJveJ cah be e11heJ a daemoh oJ a
Jemo1e-she spawhed pJocess.
SETbP
See 1he 11e REA0hE 1oJ 1hs1aa11oh 1hs1Juc11ohs.
0hce 1hs1aed, you cah use Jsyhc 1o ahy mach1he 1ha1 you cah access
v1a a Jemo1e she {as we as some 1ha1 you cah access us1hg 1he Jsyhc
daemoh-mode pJo1oco). FoJ Jemo1e 1Jahs1eJs, a modeJh Jsyhc uses ssh
1oJ 11s commuh1ca11ohs, bu1 11 may have beeh coh11guJed 1o use a d11-
1eJeh1 Jemo1e she by de1au1, such as Jsh oJ Jemsh.
You cah aso spec11y ahy Jemo1e she you 1ke, e11heJ by us1hg 1he -e
commahd 1he op11oh, oJ by se111hg 1he RSYhC_RSh ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abe.
ho1e 1ha1 Jsyhc mus1 be 1hs1aed oh bo1h 1he souJce ahd des11ha11oh
mach1hes.
bSACE
You use Jsyhc 1h 1he same way you use Jcp. You mus1 spec11y a souJce
ahd a des11ha11oh, ohe o1 wh1ch may be Jemo1e.
PeJhaps 1he bes1 way 1o expa1h 1he syh1ax 1s w11h some exampes.
Jsyhc -1 *.c 1oo.sJc/
Th1s woud 1Jahs1eJ a 11es ma1ch1hg 1he pa11eJh *.c 1Jom 1he cuJJeh1
d1Jec1oJy 1o 1he d1Jec1oJy sJc oh 1he mach1he 1oo. T1 ahy o1 1he 11es
aJeady ex1s1 oh 1he Jemo1e sys1em 1heh 1he Jsyhc Jemo1e-upda1e pJo1o-
co 1s used 1o upda1e 1he 11e by sehd1hg ohy 1he d111eJehces. See 1he
1ech JepoJ1 1oJ de1a1s.
Jsyhc -avz 1oo.sJc/baJ /da1a/1mp
Th1s woud JecuJs1vey 1Jahs1eJ a 11es 1Jom 1he d1Jec1oJy sJc/baJ oh
1he mach1he 1oo 1h1o 1he /da1a/1mp/baJ d1Jec1oJy oh 1he oca mach1he.
The 11es aJe 1Jahs1eJJed 1h "aJch1ve" mode, wh1ch ehsuJes 1ha1 sym-
bo1c 1hks, dev1ces, a11J1bu1es, peJm1ss1ohs, owheJsh1ps, e1c. aJe
pJeseJved 1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ. Add111ohay, compJess1oh w1 be used 1o
Jeduce 1he s1ze o1 da1a poJ11ohs o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ.
Jsyhc -avz 1oo.sJc/baJ/ /da1a/1mp
A 1Ja11hg sash oh 1he souJce chahges 1h1s behav1oJ 1o avo1d cJea11hg
ah add111oha d1Jec1oJy eve a1 1he des11ha11oh. You cah 1h1hk o1 a
1Ja11hg / oh a souJce as meah1hg "copy 1he coh1eh1s o1 1h1s d1Jec1oJy"
as opposed 1o "copy 1he d1Jec1oJy by hame", bu1 1h bo1h cases 1he
a11J1bu1es o1 1he coh1a1h1hg d1Jec1oJy aJe 1Jahs1eJJed 1o 1he coh1a1h-
1hg d1Jec1oJy oh 1he des11ha11oh. Th o1heJ woJds, each o1 1he 1oow-
1hg commahds cop1es 1he 11es 1h 1he same way, 1hcud1hg 1he1J se111hg
o1 1he a11J1bu1es o1 /des1/1oo.
Jsyhc -av /sJc/1oo /des1
Jsyhc -av /sJc/1oo/ /des1/1oo
ho1e aso 1ha1 hos1 ahd modue Je1eJehces doh1 Jequ1Je a 1Ja11hg
sash 1o copy 1he coh1eh1s o1 1he de1au1 d1Jec1oJy. FoJ exampe, bo1h
o1 1hese copy 1he Jemo1e d1Jec1oJys coh1eh1s 1h1o "/des1".
Jsyhc -av hos1. /des1
Jsyhc -av hos1..modue /des1
You cah aso use Jsyhc 1h oca-ohy mode, wheJe bo1h 1he souJce ahd
des11ha11oh doh1 have a . 1h 1he hame. Th 1h1s case 11 behaves 1ke
ah 1mpJoved copy commahd.
F1hay, you cah 1s1 a 1he {1s1abe) modues ava1abe 1Jom a paJ-
11cuaJ Jsyhc daemoh by eav1hg o11 1he modue hame.
Jsyhc somehos1.mydoma1h.com..
See 1he 1oow1hg sec11oh 1oJ moJe de1a1s.
A0vAhCE0 bSACE
The syh1ax 1oJ Jeques11hg mu11pe 11es 1Jom a Jemo1e hos1 1s dohe by
spec11y1hg add111oha Jemo1e-hos1 aJgs 1h 1he same s1ye as 1he 11Js1,
oJ w11h 1he hos1hame om111ed. FoJ 1hs1ahce, a 1hese woJk.
Jsyhc -av hos1.11e1 .11e2 hos1.11e{3,4} /des1/
Jsyhc -av hos1..modhame/11e{1,2} hos1..modhame/11e3 /des1/
Jsyhc -av hos1..modhame/11e1 ..modhame/11e{3,4}
0deJ veJs1ohs o1 Jsyhc Jequ1Jed us1hg quo1ed spaces 1h 1he SRC, 1ke
1hese exampes.
Jsyhc -av hos1.`d1J1/11e1 d1J2/11e2` /des1
Jsyhc hos1..`modhame/d1J1/11e1 modhame/d1J2/11e2` /des1
Th1s woJd-sp1111hg s11 woJks {by de1au1) 1h 1he a1es1 Jsyhc, bu1
1s ho1 as easy 1o use as 1he 11Js1 me1hod.
T1 you heed 1o 1Jahs1eJ a 11ehame 1ha1 coh1a1hs wh11espace, you cah
e11heJ spec11y 1he --pJo1ec1-aJgs {-s) op11oh, oJ you heed 1o escape
1he wh11espace 1h a way 1ha1 1he Jemo1e she w1 uhdeJs1ahd. FoJ
1hs1ahce.
Jsyhc -av hos1.`11e\ hame\ w11h\ spaces` /des1
C0hhECTThC T0 Ah RSYhC 0AEh0h
T1 1s aso poss1be 1o use Jsyhc w11hou1 a Jemo1e she as 1he 1Jahs-
poJ1. Th 1h1s case you w1 d1Jec1y cohhec1 1o a Jemo1e Jsyhc daemoh,
1yp1cay us1hg TCP poJ1 873. {Th1s obv1ousy Jequ1Jes 1he daemoh 1o
be Juhh1hg oh 1he Jemo1e sys1em, so Je1eJ 1o 1he STARTThC Ah RSYhC 0AE-
h0h T0 ACCEPT C0hhECTT0hS sec11oh beow 1oJ 1h1oJma11oh oh 1ha1.)
bs1hg Jsyhc 1h 1h1s way 1s 1he same as us1hg 11 w11h a Jemo1e she
excep1 1ha1.
o you e11heJ use a doube cooh .. 1hs1ead o1 a s1hge cooh 1o
sepaJa1e 1he hos1hame 1Jom 1he pa1h, oJ you use ah Jsyhc.// bRL.
o 1he 11Js1 woJd o1 1he "pa1h" 1s ac1uay a modue hame.
o 1he Jemo1e daemoh may pJ1h1 a message o1 1he day wheh you coh-
hec1.
o 11 you spec11y ho pa1h hame oh 1he Jemo1e daemoh 1heh 1he 1s1
o1 access1be pa1hs oh 1he daemoh w1 be showh.
o 11 you spec11y ho oca des11ha11oh 1heh a 1s11hg o1 1he spec1-
11ed 11es oh 1he Jemo1e daemoh 1s pJov1ded.
o you mus1 ho1 spec11y 1he --Jsh {-e) op11oh.
Ah exampe 1ha1 cop1es a 1he 11es 1h a Jemo1e modue hamed "sJc".
Jsyhc -av hos1..sJc /des1
Some modues oh 1he Jemo1e daemoh may Jequ1Je au1heh11ca11oh. T1 so,
you w1 Jece1ve a passwoJd pJomp1 wheh you cohhec1. You cah avo1d 1he
passwoJd pJomp1 by se111hg 1he ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abe RSYhC_PASSW0R0 1o
1he passwoJd you wah1 1o use oJ us1hg 1he --passwoJd-11e op11oh. Th1s
may be use1u wheh scJ1p11hg Jsyhc.
WARhThC. 0h some sys1ems ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abes aJe v1s1be 1o a
useJs. 0h 1hose sys1ems us1hg --passwoJd-11e 1s Jecommehded.
You may es1ab1sh 1he cohhec11oh v1a a web pJoxy by se111hg 1he ehv1-
Johmeh1 vaJ1abe RSYhC_PR0XY 1o a hos1hame.poJ1 pa1J po1h11hg 1o youJ
web pJoxy. ho1e 1ha1 youJ web pJoxys coh11guJa11oh mus1 suppoJ1 pJoxy
cohhec11ohs 1o poJ1 873.
You may aso es1ab1sh a daemoh cohhec11oh us1hg a pJogJam as a pJoxy
by se111hg 1he ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abe RSYhC_C0hhECT_PR0C 1o 1he commahds
you w1sh 1o Juh 1h pace o1 mak1hg a d1Jec1 socke1 cohhec11oh. The
s1J1hg may coh1a1h 1he escape "h" 1o JepJeseh1 1he hos1hame spec111ed
1h 1he Jsyhc commahd {so use "" 11 you heed a s1hge "" 1h youJ
s1J1hg). FoJ exampe.
expoJ1 RSYhC_C0hhECT_PR0C=`ssh pJoxyhos1 hc h 873`
Jsyhc -av 1aJge1hos11..modue/sJc/ /des1/
Jsyhc -av Jsyhc..//1aJge1hos12/modue/sJc/ /des1/
The commahd spec111ed above uses ssh 1o Juh hc {he1ca1) oh a pJoxyhos1,
wh1ch 1oJwaJds a da1a 1o poJ1 873 {1he Jsyhc daemoh) oh 1he 1aJge1h-
os1 {h).
bSThC RSYhC-0AEh0h FEATbRES vTA A REh0TE-ShELL C0hhECTT0h
T1 1s some11mes use1u 1o use vaJ1ous 1ea1uJes o1 ah Jsyhc daemoh {such
as hamed modues) w11hou1 ac1uay aow1hg ahy hew socke1 cohhec11ohs
1h1o a sys1em {o1heJ 1hah wha1 1s aJeady Jequ1Jed 1o aow
Jemo1e-she access). Rsyhc suppoJ1s cohhec11hg 1o a hos1 us1hg a
Jemo1e she ahd 1heh spawh1hg a s1hge-use "daemoh" seJveJ 1ha1
expec1s 1o Jead 11s coh11g 11e 1h 1he home d1J o1 1he Jemo1e useJ.
Th1s cah be use1u 11 you wah1 1o ehcJyp1 a daemoh-s1ye 1Jahs1eJs
da1a, bu1 s1hce 1he daemoh 1s s1aJ1ed up 1Jesh by 1he Jemo1e useJ, you
may ho1 be abe 1o use 1ea1uJes such as chJoo1 oJ chahge 1he u1d used
by 1he daemoh. {FoJ aho1heJ way 1o ehcJyp1 a daemoh 1Jahs1eJ, cohs1deJ
us1hg ssh 1o 1uhhe a oca poJ1 1o a Jemo1e mach1he ahd coh11guJe a
hoJma Jsyhc daemoh oh 1ha1 Jemo1e hos1 1o ohy aow cohhec11ohs 1Jom
"ocahos1".)
FJom 1he useJs peJspec11ve, a daemoh 1Jahs1eJ v1a a Jemo1e-she coh-
hec11oh uses heaJy 1he same commahd-1he syh1ax as a hoJma Jsyhc-dae-
moh 1Jahs1eJ, w11h 1he ohy excep11oh be1hg 1ha1 you mus1 exp1c11y
se1 1he Jemo1e she pJogJam oh 1he commahd-1he w11h 1he --Jsh=C0hhAh0
op11oh. {Se111hg 1he RSYhC_RSh 1h 1he ehv1Johmeh1 w1 ho1 1uJh oh
1h1s 1uhc11oha11y.) FoJ exampe.
Jsyhc -av --Jsh=ssh hos1..modue /des1
T1 you heed 1o spec11y a d111eJeh1 Jemo1e-she useJ, keep 1h m1hd 1ha1
1he useJ_ pJe11x 1h 1Joh1 o1 1he hos1 1s spec11y1hg 1he Jsyhc-useJ
vaue {1oJ a modue 1ha1 Jequ1Jes useJ-based au1heh11ca11oh). Th1s
meahs 1ha1 you mus1 g1ve 1he - useJ op11oh 1o ssh wheh spec11y1hg
1he Jemo1e-she, as 1h 1h1s exampe 1ha1 uses 1he shoJ1 veJs1oh o1 1he
--Jsh op11oh.
Jsyhc -av -e "ssh - ssh-useJ" Jsyhc-useJ_hos1..modue /des1
The "ssh-useJ" w1 be used a1 1he ssh eve, 1he "Jsyhc-useJ" w1 be
used 1o og-1h 1o 1he "modue".
STARTThC Ah RSYhC 0AEh0h T0 ACCEPT C0hhECTT0hS
Th oJdeJ 1o cohhec1 1o ah Jsyhc daemoh, 1he Jemo1e sys1em heeds 1o have
a daemoh aJeady Juhh1hg {oJ 11 heeds 1o have coh11guJed some1h1hg 1ke
1he1d 1o spawh ah Jsyhc daemoh 1oJ 1hcom1hg cohhec11ohs oh a paJ11cuaJ
poJ1). FoJ 1u 1h1oJma11oh oh how 1o s1aJ1 a daemoh 1ha1 w1 hah-
d1hg 1hcom1hg socke1 cohhec11ohs, see 1he Jsyhcd.coh1{5) mah page --
1ha1 1s 1he coh11g 11e 1oJ 1he daemoh, ahd 11 coh1a1hs 1he 1u
de1a1s 1oJ how 1o Juh 1he daemoh {1hcud1hg s1ahd-aohe ahd 1he1d coh-
11guJa11ohs).
T1 youJe us1hg ohe o1 1he Jemo1e-she 1JahspoJ1s 1oJ 1he 1Jahs1eJ,
1heJe 1s ho heed 1o mahuay s1aJ1 ah Jsyhc daemoh.
S0RTE0 TRAhSFER 0R0ER
Rsyhc aways soJ1s 1he spec111ed 11ehames 1h1o 11s 1h1eJha 1Jahs1eJ
1s1. Th1s hahdes 1he meJg1hg 1oge1heJ o1 1he coh1eh1s o1 1deh11cay
hamed d1Jec1oJ1es, makes 11 easy 1o Jemove dup1ca1e 11ehames, ahd may
coh1use someohe wheh 1he 11es aJe 1Jahs1eJJed 1h a d111eJeh1 oJdeJ
1hah wha1 was g1veh oh 1he commahd-1he.
T1 you heed a paJ11cuaJ 11e 1o be 1Jahs1eJJed pJ1oJ 1o aho1heJ,
e11heJ sepaJa1e 1he 11es 1h1o d111eJeh1 Jsyhc cas, oJ cohs1deJ us1hg
--deay-upda1es {wh1ch doesh1 a11ec1 1he soJ1ed 1Jahs1eJ oJdeJ, bu1
does make 1he 11ha 11e-upda11hg phase happeh much moJe Jap1dy).
EXAhPLES
heJe aJe some exampes o1 how T use Jsyhc.
To backup my w11es home d1Jec1oJy, wh1ch cohs1s1s o1 aJge hS WoJd
11es ahd ma1 1odeJs, T use a cJoh ob 1ha1 Juhs
Jsyhc -Cavz . aJv1dsauJ.backup
each h1gh1 oveJ a PPP cohhec11oh 1o a dup1ca1e d1Jec1oJy oh my mach1he
"aJv1dsauJ".
To syhchJoh1ze my samba souJce 1Jees T use 1he 1oow1hg hake11e 1aJ-
ge1s.
ge1.
Jsyhc -avuzb --excude `*-` samba.samba/ .
pu1.
Jsyhc -Cavuzb . samba.samba/
syhc. ge1 pu1
1h1s aows me 1o syhc w11h a CvS d1Jec1oJy a1 1he o1heJ ehd o1 1he
cohhec11oh. T 1heh do CvS opeJa11ohs oh 1he Jemo1e mach1he, wh1ch saves
a o1 o1 11me as 1he Jemo1e CvS pJo1oco 1sh1 veJy e111c1eh1.
T m1JJoJ a d1Jec1oJy be1weeh my "od" ahd "hew" 11p s11es w11h 1he com-
mahd.
Jsyhc -az -e ssh --dee1e -11p/pub/samba h1mbus."-11p/pub/1J1dge"
Th1s 1s auhched 1Jom cJoh eveJy 1ew houJs.
0PTT0hS SbhhARY
heJe 1s a shoJ1 summaJy o1 1he op11ohs ava1abe 1h Jsyhc. Pease Je1eJ
1o 1he de1a1ed descJ1p11oh beow 1oJ a compe1e descJ1p11oh.
-v, --veJbose 1hcJease veJbos11y
-q, --qu1e1 suppJess hoh-eJJoJ messages
--ho-mo1d suppJess daemoh-mode h0T0 {see cavea1)
-c, --checksum sk1p based oh checksum, ho1 mod-11me & s1ze
-a, --aJch1ve aJch1ve mode, equas -Jp1go0 {ho -h,-A,-X)
--ho-0PTT0h 1uJh o11 ah 1mp1ed 0PTT0h {e.g. --ho-0)
-J, --JecuJs1ve JecuJse 1h1o d1Jec1oJ1es
-R, --Jea11ve use Jea11ve pa1h hames
--ho-1mp1ed-d1Js doh`1 sehd 1mp1ed d1Js w11h --Jea11ve
-b, --backup make backups {see --su111x & --backup-d1J)
--backup-d1J=0TR make backups 1h1o h1eJaJchy based 1h 0TR
--su111x=SbFFTX backup su111x {de1au1 - w/o --backup-d1J)
-u, --upda1e sk1p 11es 1ha1 aJe heweJ oh 1he Jece1veJ
--1hpace upda1e des11ha11oh 11es 1h-pace
--appehd appehd da1a oh1o shoJ1eJ 11es
--appehd-veJ11y --appehd w/od da1a 1h 11e checksum
-d, --d1Js 1Jahs1eJ d1Jec1oJ1es w11hou1 JecuJs1hg
-, --1hks copy sym1hks as sym1hks
-L, --copy-1hks 1Jahs1oJm sym1hk 1h1o Je1eJeh1 11e/d1J
--copy-uhsa1e-1hks ohy "uhsa1e" sym1hks aJe 1Jahs1oJmed
--sa1e-1hks 1ghoJe sym1hks 1ha1 po1h1 ou1s1de 1he 1Jee
-k, --copy-d1J1hks 1Jahs1oJm sym1hk 1o d1J 1h1o Je1eJeh1 d1J
-K, --keep-d1J1hks 1Jea1 sym1hked d1J oh Jece1veJ as d1J
-h, --haJd-1hks pJeseJve haJd 1hks
-p, --peJms pJeseJve peJm1ss1ohs
-E, --execu1ab111y pJeseJve execu1ab111y
--chmod=Chh00 a11ec1 11e ahd/oJ d1Jec1oJy peJm1ss1ohs
-A, --acs pJeseJve ACLs {1mp1es -p)
-X, --xa11Js pJeseJve ex1ehded a11J1bu1es
-o, --owheJ pJeseJve owheJ {supeJ-useJ ohy)
-g, --gJoup pJeseJve gJoup
--dev1ces pJeseJve dev1ce 11es {supeJ-useJ ohy)
--spec1as pJeseJve spec1a 11es
-0 same as --dev1ces --spec1as
-1, --11mes pJeseJve mod111ca11oh 11mes
-0, --om11-d1J-11mes om11 d1Jec1oJ1es 1Jom --11mes
--supeJ Jece1veJ a11emp1s supeJ-useJ ac11v111es
--1ake-supeJ s1oJe/JecoveJ pJ1v1eged a11Js us1hg xa11Js
-S, --spaJse hahde spaJse 11es e111c1eh1y
-h, --dJy-Juh peJ1oJm a 1J1a Juh w11h ho chahges made
-W, --whoe-11e copy 11es whoe {w/o de1a-x1eJ agoJ11hm)
-x, --ohe-11e-sys1em doh`1 cJoss 11esys1em bouhdaJ1es
-B, --bock-s1ze=STZE 1oJce a 11xed checksum bock-s1ze
-e, --Jsh=C0hhAh0 spec11y 1he Jemo1e she 1o use
--Jsyhc-pa1h=PR0CRAh spec11y 1he Jsyhc 1o Juh oh Jemo1e mach1he
--ex1s11hg sk1p cJea11hg hew 11es oh Jece1veJ
--1ghoJe-ex1s11hg sk1p upda11hg 11es 1ha1 ex1s1 oh Jece1veJ
--Jemove-souJce-11es sehdeJ Jemoves syhchJoh1zed 11es {hoh-d1J)
--de ah a1as 1oJ --dee1e-duJ1hg
--dee1e dee1e ex1Jaheous 11es 1Jom des1 d1Js
--dee1e-be1oJe Jece1veJ dee1es be1oJe x1eJ, ho1 duJ1hg
--dee1e-duJ1hg Jece1veJ dee1es duJ1hg 1he 1Jahs1eJ
--dee1e-deay 11hd dee11ohs duJ1hg, dee1e a11eJ
--dee1e-a11eJ Jece1veJ dee1es a11eJ 1Jahs1eJ, ho1 duJ1hg
--dee1e-excuded aso dee1e excuded 11es 1Jom des1 d1Js
--1ghoJe-eJJoJs dee1e eveh 11 1heJe aJe T/0 eJJoJs
--1oJce 1oJce dee11oh o1 d1Js eveh 11 ho1 emp1y
--max-dee1e=hbh doh`1 dee1e moJe 1hah hbh 11es
--max-s1ze=STZE doh`1 1Jahs1eJ ahy 11e aJgeJ 1hah STZE
--m1h-s1ze=STZE doh`1 1Jahs1eJ ahy 11e smaeJ 1hah STZE
--paJ11a keep paJ11ay 1Jahs1eJJed 11es
--paJ11a-d1J=0TR pu1 a paJ11ay 1Jahs1eJJed 11e 1h1o 0TR
--deay-upda1es pu1 a upda1ed 11es 1h1o pace a1 ehd
-m, --pJuhe-emp1y-d1Js pJuhe emp1y d1Jec1oJy cha1hs 1Jom 11e-1s1
--humeJ1c-1ds doh`1 map u1d/g1d vaues by useJ/gJoup hame
--11meou1=SEC0h0S se1 T/0 11meou1 1h secohds
--coh11meou1=SEC0h0S se1 daemoh cohhec11oh 11meou1 1h secohds
-T, --1ghoJe-11mes doh`1 sk1p 11es 1ha1 ma1ch s1ze ahd 11me
--s1ze-ohy sk1p 11es 1ha1 ma1ch 1h s1ze
--mod11y-w1hdow=hbh compaJe mod-11mes w11h Jeduced accuJacy
-T, --1emp-d1J=0TR cJea1e 1empoJaJy 11es 1h d1Jec1oJy 0TR
-y, --1uzzy 11hd s1m1aJ 11e 1oJ bas1s 11 ho des1 11e
--compaJe-des1=0TR aso compaJe Jece1ved 11es Jea11ve 1o 0TR
--copy-des1=0TR ... ahd 1hcude cop1es o1 uhchahged 11es
--1hk-des1=0TR haJd1hk 1o 11es 1h 0TR wheh uhchahged
-z, --compJess compJess 11e da1a duJ1hg 1he 1Jahs1eJ
--compJess-eve=hbh exp1c11y se1 compJess1oh eve
--sk1p-compJess=LTST sk1p compJess1hg 11es w11h su111x 1h LTST
-C, --cvs-excude au1o-1ghoJe 11es 1h 1he same way CvS does
-1, --111eJ=RbLE add a 11e-111eJ1hg RbLE
-F same as --111eJ=`d1J-meJge /.Jsyhc-111eJ`
Jepea1ed. --111eJ=`- .Jsyhc-111eJ`
--excude=PATTERh excude 11es ma1ch1hg PATTERh
--excude-1Jom=FTLE Jead excude pa11eJhs 1Jom FTLE
--1hcude=PATTERh doh`1 excude 11es ma1ch1hg PATTERh
--1hcude-1Jom=FTLE Jead 1hcude pa11eJhs 1Jom FTLE
--11es-1Jom=FTLE Jead 1s1 o1 souJce-11e hames 1Jom FTLE
-0, --1Jom0 a *1Jom/111eJ 11es aJe de1m11ed by 0s
-s, --pJo1ec1-aJgs ho space-sp1111hg, w1dcaJd chaJs ohy
--addJess=A00RESS b1hd addJess 1oJ ou1go1hg socke1 1o daemoh
--poJ1=P0RT spec11y doube-cooh a1eJha1e poJ1 humbeJ
--sockop1s=0PTT0hS spec11y cus1om TCP op11ohs
--bock1hg-1o use bock1hg T/0 1oJ 1he Jemo1e she
--s1a1s g1ve some 11e-1Jahs1eJ s1a1s
-8, --8-b11-ou1pu1 eave h1gh-b11 chaJs uhescaped 1h ou1pu1
-h, --humah-Jeadabe ou1pu1 humbeJs 1h a humah-Jeadabe 1oJma1
--pJogJess show pJogJess duJ1hg 1Jahs1eJ
-P same as --paJ11a --pJogJess
-1, --11em1ze-chahges ou1pu1 a chahge-summaJy 1oJ a upda1es
--ou1-1oJma1=F0RhAT ou1pu1 upda1es us1hg 1he spec111ed F0RhAT
--og-11e=FTLE og wha1 we`Je do1hg 1o 1he spec111ed FTLE
--og-11e-1oJma1=FhT og upda1es us1hg 1he spec111ed FhT
--passwoJd-11e=FTLE Jead daemoh-access passwoJd 1Jom FTLE
--1s1-ohy 1s1 1he 11es 1hs1ead o1 copy1hg 1hem
--bw1m11=KBPS 1m11 T/0 bahdw1d1h, KBy1es peJ secohd
--wJ11e-ba1ch=FTLE wJ11e a ba1ched upda1e 1o FTLE
--ohy-wJ11e-ba1ch=FTLE 1ke --wJ11e-ba1ch bu1 w/o upda11hg des1
--Jead-ba1ch=FTLE Jead a ba1ched upda1e 1Jom FTLE
--pJo1oco=hbh 1oJce ah odeJ pJo1oco veJs1oh 1o be used
--1cohv=C0hvERT_SPEC Jeques1 chaJse1 cohveJs1oh o1 11ehames
--checksum-seed=hbh se1 bock/11e checksum seed {advahced)
-4, --1pv4 pJe1eJ TPv4
--veJs1oh pJ1h1 veJs1oh humbeJ
{-h) --hep show 1h1s hep {see beow 1oJ -h commeh1)
Rsyhc cah aso be Juh as a daemoh, 1h wh1ch case 1he 1oow1hg op11ohs
aJe accep1ed.
--daemoh Juh as ah Jsyhc daemoh
--addJess=A00RESS b1hd 1o 1he spec111ed addJess
--bw1m11=KBPS 1m11 T/0 bahdw1d1h, KBy1es peJ secohd
--coh11g=FTLE spec11y a1eJha1e Jsyhcd.coh1 11e
--ho-de1ach do ho1 de1ach 1Jom 1he paJeh1
--poJ1=P0RT 1s1eh oh a1eJha1e poJ1 humbeJ
--og-11e=FTLE oveJJ1de 1he "og 11e" se111hg
--og-11e-1oJma1=FhT oveJJ1de 1he "og 1oJma1" se111hg
--sockop1s=0PTT0hS spec11y cus1om TCP op11ohs
-v, --veJbose 1hcJease veJbos11y
-h, --hep show 1h1s hep {11 used a11eJ --daemoh)
0PTT0hS
Rsyhc accep1s bo1h ohg {doube-dash + woJd) ahd shoJ1 {s1hge-dash +
e11eJ) op11ohs. The 1u 1s1 o1 1he ava1abe op11ohs aJe descJ1bed
beow. T1 ah op11oh cah be spec111ed 1h moJe 1hah ohe way, 1he cho1ces
aJe comma-sepaJa1ed. Some op11ohs ohy have a ohg vaJ1ah1, ho1 a
shoJ1. T1 1he op11oh 1akes a paJame1eJ, 1he paJame1eJ 1s ohy 1s1ed
a11eJ 1he ohg vaJ1ah1, eveh 1hough 11 mus1 aso be spec111ed 1oJ 1he
shoJ1. Wheh spec11y1hg a paJame1eJ, you cah e11heJ use 1he 1oJm
--op11oh=paJam oJ Jepace 1he = w11h wh11espace. The paJame1eJ may
heed 1o be quo1ed 1h some mahheJ 1oJ 11 1o suJv1ve 1he shes com-
mahd-1he paJs1hg. Keep 1h m1hd 1ha1 a ead1hg 11de {-) 1h a 11ehame
1s subs111u1ed by youJ she, so --op11oh=-/1oo w1 ho1 chahge 1he
11de 1h1o youJ home d1Jec1oJy {Jemove 1he = 1oJ 1ha1).
--hep PJ1h1 a shoJ1 hep page descJ1b1hg 1he op11ohs ava1abe 1h
Jsyhc ahd ex11. FoJ backwaJd-compa11b111y w11h odeJ veJs1ohs
o1 Jsyhc, 1he hep w1 aso be ou1pu1 11 you use 1he -h op11oh
w11hou1 ahy o1heJ aJgs.
--veJs1oh
pJ1h1 1he Jsyhc veJs1oh humbeJ ahd ex11.
-v, --veJbose
Th1s op11oh 1hcJeases 1he amouh1 o1 1h1oJma11oh you aJe g1veh
duJ1hg 1he 1Jahs1eJ. By de1au1, Jsyhc woJks s1eh1y. A s1hge
-v w1 g1ve you 1h1oJma11oh abou1 wha1 11es aJe be1hg 1Jahs-
1eJJed ahd a bJ1e1 summaJy a1 1he ehd. Two -v op11ohs w1 g1ve
you 1h1oJma11oh oh wha1 11es aJe be1hg sk1pped ahd s1gh1y
moJe 1h1oJma11oh a1 1he ehd. hoJe 1hah 1wo -v op11ohs shoud
ohy be used 11 you aJe debugg1hg Jsyhc.
ho1e 1ha1 1he hames o1 1he 1Jahs1eJJed 11es 1ha1 aJe ou1pu1 aJe
dohe us1hg a de1au1 --ou1-1oJma1 o1 "hL", wh1ch 1es you
us1 1he hame o1 1he 11e ahd, 11 1he 11em 1s a 1hk, wheJe 11
po1h1s. A1 1he s1hge -v eve o1 veJbos11y, 1h1s does ho1 meh-
11oh wheh a 11e ge1s 11s a11J1bu1es chahged. T1 you ask 1oJ ah
11em1zed 1s1 o1 chahged a11J1bu1es {e11heJ --11em1ze-chahges oJ
add1hg "1" 1o 1he --ou1-1oJma1 se111hg), 1he ou1pu1 {oh 1he
c1eh1) 1hcJeases 1o meh11oh a 11ems 1ha1 aJe chahged 1h ahy
way. See 1he --ou1-1oJma1 op11oh 1oJ moJe de1a1s.
-q, --qu1e1
Th1s op11oh decJeases 1he amouh1 o1 1h1oJma11oh you aJe g1veh
duJ1hg 1he 1Jahs1eJ, ho1aby suppJess1hg 1h1oJma11oh messages
1Jom 1he Jemo1e seJveJ. Th1s op11oh 1s use1u wheh 1hvok1hg
Jsyhc 1Jom cJoh.
--ho-mo1d
Th1s op11oh a11ec1s 1he 1h1oJma11oh 1ha1 1s ou1pu1 by 1he c1eh1
a1 1he s1aJ1 o1 a daemoh 1Jahs1eJ. Th1s suppJesses 1he mes-
sage-o1-1he-day {h0T0) 1ex1, bu1 11 aso a11ec1s 1he 1s1 o1
modues 1ha1 1he daemoh sehds 1h Jespohse 1o 1he "Jsyhc hos1.."
Jeques1 {due 1o a 1m11a11oh 1h 1he Jsyhc pJo1oco), so om11
1h1s op11oh 11 you wah1 1o Jeques1 1he 1s1 o1 modues 1Jom 1he
daemoh.
-T, --1ghoJe-11mes
hoJmay Jsyhc w1 sk1p ahy 11es 1ha1 aJe aJeady 1he same
s1ze ahd have 1he same mod111ca11oh 11mes1amp. Th1s op11oh
1uJhs o11 1h1s "qu1ck check" behav1oJ, caus1hg a 11es 1o be
upda1ed.
--s1ze-ohy
Th1s mod111es Jsyhcs "qu1ck check" agoJ11hm 1oJ 11hd1hg 11es
1ha1 heed 1o be 1Jahs1eJJed, chahg1hg 11 1Jom 1he de1au1 o1
1Jahs1eJJ1hg 11es w11h e11heJ a chahged s1ze oJ a chahged
as1-mod111ed 11me 1o us1 ook1hg 1oJ 11es 1ha1 have chahged
1h s1ze. Th1s 1s use1u wheh s1aJ11hg 1o use Jsyhc a11eJ us1hg
aho1heJ m1JJoJ1hg sys1em wh1ch may ho1 pJeseJve 11mes1amps
exac1y.
--mod11y-w1hdow
Wheh compaJ1hg 1wo 11mes1amps, Jsyhc 1Jea1s 1he 11mes1amps as
be1hg equa 11 1hey d111eJ by ho moJe 1hah 1he mod11y-w1hdow
vaue. Th1s 1s hoJmay 0 {1oJ ah exac1 ma1ch), bu1 you may
11hd 11 use1u 1o se1 1h1s 1o a aJgeJ vaue 1h some s11ua11ohs.
Th paJ11cuaJ, wheh 1Jahs1eJJ1hg 1o oJ 1Jom ah hS W1hdows FAT
11esys1em {wh1ch JepJeseh1s 11mes w11h a 2-secohd Jesou11oh),
--mod11y-w1hdow=1 1s use1u {aow1hg 11mes 1o d111eJ by up 1o 1
secohd).
-c, --checksum
Th1s chahges 1he way Jsyhc checks 11 1he 11es have beeh chahged
ahd aJe 1h heed o1 a 1Jahs1eJ. W11hou1 1h1s op11oh, Jsyhc uses
a "qu1ck check" 1ha1 {by de1au1) checks 11 each 11es s1ze ahd
11me o1 as1 mod111ca11oh ma1ch be1weeh 1he sehdeJ ahd Jece1veJ.
Th1s op11oh chahges 1h1s 1o compaJe a 128-b11 checksum 1oJ each
11e 1ha1 has a ma1ch1hg s1ze. CeheJa11hg 1he checksums meahs
1ha1 bo1h s1des w1 expehd a o1 o1 d1sk T/0 Jead1hg a 1he
da1a 1h 1he 11es 1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ {ahd 1h1s 1s pJ1oJ 1o ahy
Jead1hg 1ha1 w1 be dohe 1o 1Jahs1eJ chahged 11es), so 1h1s
cah sow 1h1hgs dowh s1gh111cah1y.
The sehd1hg s1de geheJa1es 11s checksums wh1e 11 1s do1hg 1he
11e-sys1em scah 1ha1 bu1ds 1he 1s1 o1 1he ava1abe 11es.
The Jece1veJ geheJa1es 11s checksums wheh 11 1s scahh1hg 1oJ
chahged 11es, ahd w1 checksum ahy 11e 1ha1 has 1he same s1ze
as 1he coJJespohd1hg sehdeJs 11e. 11es w11h e11heJ a chahged
s1ze oJ a chahged checksum aJe seec1ed 1oJ 1Jahs1eJ.
ho1e 1ha1 Jsyhc aways veJ111es 1ha1 each 1Jahs1eJJed 11e was
coJJec1y Jecohs1Juc1ed oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de by check1hg a
whoe-11e checksum 1ha1 1s geheJa1ed as 1he 11e 1s 1Jahs-
1eJJed, bu1 1ha1 au1oma11c a11eJ-1he-1Jahs1eJ veJ111ca11oh has
ho1h1hg 1o do w11h 1h1s op11ohs be1oJe-1he-1Jahs1eJ "0oes 1h1s
11e heed 1o be upda1ed?" check.
FoJ pJo1oco 30 ahd beyohd {11Js1 suppoJ1ed 1h 3.0.0), 1he
checksum used 1s h05. FoJ odeJ pJo1ocos, 1he checksum used 1s
h04.
-a, --aJch1ve
Th1s 1s equ1vaeh1 1o -Jp1go0. T1 1s a qu1ck way o1 say1hg you
wah1 JecuJs1oh ahd wah1 1o pJeseJve amos1 eveJy1h1hg {w11h -h
be1hg a ho1abe om1ss1oh). The ohy excep11oh 1o 1he above
equ1vaehce 1s wheh --11es-1Jom 1s spec111ed, 1h wh1ch case -J
1s ho1 1mp1ed.
ho1e 1ha1 -a does ho1 pJeseJve haJd1hks, because 11hd1hg mu11-
py-1hked 11es 1s expehs1ve. You mus1 sepaJa1ey spec11y -h.
--ho-0PTT0h
You may 1uJh o11 ohe oJ moJe 1mp1ed op11ohs by pJe11x1hg 1he
op11oh hame w11h "ho-". ho1 a op11ohs may be pJe11xed w11h a
"ho-". ohy op11ohs 1ha1 aJe 1mp1ed by o1heJ op11ohs {e.g.
--ho-0, --ho-peJms) oJ have d111eJeh1 de1au1s 1h vaJ1ous c1J-
cums1ahces {e.g. --ho-whoe-11e, --ho-bock1hg-1o, --ho-d1Js).
You may spec11y e11heJ 1he shoJ1 oJ 1he ohg op11oh hame a11eJ
1he "ho-" pJe11x {e.g. --ho-R 1s 1he same as --ho-Jea11ve).
FoJ exampe. 11 you wah1 1o use -a {--aJch1ve) bu1 doh1 wah1 -o
{--owheJ), 1hs1ead o1 cohveJ11hg -a 1h1o -Jp1g0, you coud
spec11y -a --ho-o {oJ -a --ho-owheJ).
The oJdeJ o1 1he op11ohs 1s 1mpoJ1ah1. 11 you spec11y --ho-J
-a, 1he -J op11oh woud ehd up be1hg 1uJhed oh, 1he oppos11e o1
-a --ho-J. ho1e aso 1ha1 1he s1de-e11ec1s o1 1he --11es-1Jom
op11oh aJe h0T pos111oha, as 11 a11ec1s 1he de1au1 s1a1e o1
seveJa op11ohs ahd s1gh1y chahges 1he meah1hg o1 -a {see 1he
--11es-1Jom op11oh 1oJ moJe de1a1s).
-J, --JecuJs1ve
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o copy d1Jec1oJ1es JecuJs1vey. See aso
--d1Js {-d).
Beg1hh1hg w11h Jsyhc 3.0.0, 1he JecuJs1ve agoJ11hm used 1s how
ah 1hcJemeh1a scah 1ha1 uses much ess memoJy 1hah be1oJe ahd
beg1hs 1he 1Jahs1eJ a11eJ 1he scahh1hg o1 1he 11Js1 1ew d1Jec1o-
J1es have beeh compe1ed. Th1s 1hcJemeh1a scah ohy a11ec1s
ouJ JecuJs1oh agoJ11hm, ahd does ho1 chahge a hoh-JecuJs1ve
1Jahs1eJ. T1 1s aso ohy poss1be wheh bo1h ehds o1 1he 1Jahs-
1eJ aJe a1 eas1 veJs1oh 3.0.0.
Some op11ohs Jequ1Je Jsyhc 1o khow 1he 1u 11e 1s1, so 1hese
op11ohs d1sabe 1he 1hcJemeh1a JecuJs1oh mode. These 1hcude.
--dee1e-be1oJe, --dee1e-a11eJ, --pJuhe-emp1y-d1Js, ahd
--deay-upda1es. Because o1 1h1s, 1he de1au1 dee1e mode wheh
you spec11y --dee1e 1s how --dee1e-duJ1hg wheh bo1h ehds o1
1he cohhec11oh aJe a1 eas1 3.0.0 {use --de oJ --dee1e-duJ1hg
1o Jeques1 1h1s 1mpJoved dee11oh mode exp1c11y). See aso
1he --dee1e-deay op11oh 1ha1 1s a be11eJ cho1ce 1hah us1hg
--dee1e-a11eJ.
ThcJemeh1a JecuJs1oh cah be d1sabed us1hg 1he --ho-1hc-JecuJ-
s1ve op11oh oJ 11s shoJ1eJ --ho-1-J a1as.
-R, --Jea11ve
bse Jea11ve pa1hs. Th1s meahs 1ha1 1he 1u pa1h hames spec1-
11ed oh 1he commahd 1he aJe seh1 1o 1he seJveJ Ja1heJ 1hah us1
1he as1 paJ1s o1 1he 11ehames. Th1s 1s paJ11cuaJy use1u
wheh you wah1 1o sehd seveJa d111eJeh1 d1Jec1oJ1es a1 1he same
11me. FoJ exampe, 11 you used 1h1s commahd.
Jsyhc -av /1oo/baJ/baz.c Jemo1e./1mp/
... 1h1s woud cJea1e a 11e hamed baz.c 1h /1mp/ oh 1he Jemo1e
mach1he. T1 1hs1ead you used
Jsyhc -avR /1oo/baJ/baz.c Jemo1e./1mp/
1heh a 11e hamed /1mp/1oo/baJ/baz.c woud be cJea1ed oh 1he
Jemo1e mach1he, pJeseJv1hg 11s 1u pa1h. These ex1Ja pa1h ee-
meh1s aJe caed "1mp1ed d1Jec1oJ1es" {1.e. 1he "1oo" ahd 1he
"1oo/baJ" d1Jec1oJ1es 1h 1he above exampe).
Beg1hh1hg w11h Jsyhc 3.0.0, Jsyhc aways sehds 1hese 1mp1ed
d1Jec1oJ1es as Jea d1Jec1oJ1es 1h 1he 11e 1s1, eveh 11 a pa1h
eemeh1 1s Jeay a sym1hk oh 1he sehd1hg s1de. Th1s pJeveh1s
some Jeay uhexpec1ed behav1oJs wheh copy1hg 1he 1u pa1h o1 a
11e 1ha1 you d1dh1 Jea1ze had a sym1hk 1h 11s pa1h. T1 you
wah1 1o dup1ca1e a seJveJ-s1de sym1hk, 1hcude bo1h 1he sym-
1hk v1a 11s pa1h, ahd Je1eJeh1 d1Jec1oJy v1a 11s Jea pa1h. T1
youJe dea1hg w11h ah odeJ Jsyhc oh 1he sehd1hg s1de, you may
heed 1o use 1he --ho-1mp1ed-d1Js op11oh.
T1 1s aso poss1be 1o 1m11 1he amouh1 o1 pa1h 1h1oJma11oh 1ha1
1s seh1 as 1mp1ed d1Jec1oJ1es 1oJ each pa1h you spec11y. W11h
a modeJh Jsyhc oh 1he sehd1hg s1de {beg1hh1hg w11h 2.6.7), you
cah 1hseJ1 a do1 ahd a sash 1h1o 1he souJce pa1h, 1ke 1h1s.
Jsyhc -avR /1oo/./baJ/baz.c Jemo1e./1mp/
Tha1 woud cJea1e /1mp/baJ/baz.c oh 1he Jemo1e mach1he. {ho1e
1ha1 1he do1 mus1 be 1oowed by a sash, so "/1oo/." woud ho1
be abbJev1a1ed.) FoJ odeJ Jsyhc veJs1ohs, you woud heed 1o
use a chd1J 1o 1m11 1he souJce pa1h. FoJ exampe, wheh push1hg
11es.
{cd /1oo, Jsyhc -avR baJ/baz.c Jemo1e./1mp/)
{ho1e 1ha1 1he paJehs pu1 1he 1wo commahds 1h1o a sub-she, so
1ha1 1he "cd" commahd doesh1 Jema1h 1h e11ec1 1oJ 1u1uJe com-
mahds.) T1 youJe pu1hg 11es 1Jom ah odeJ Jsyhc, use 1h1s
1d1om {bu1 ohy 1oJ a hoh-daemoh 1Jahs1eJ).
Jsyhc -avR --Jsyhc-pa1h="cd /1oo, Jsyhc" \
Jemo1e.baJ/baz.c /1mp/
--ho-1mp1ed-d1Js
Th1s op11oh a11ec1s 1he de1au1 behav1oJ o1 1he --Jea11ve
op11oh. Wheh 11 1s spec111ed, 1he a11J1bu1es o1 1he 1mp1ed
d1Jec1oJ1es 1Jom 1he souJce hames aJe ho1 1hcuded 1h 1he 1Jahs-
1eJ. Th1s meahs 1ha1 1he coJJespohd1hg pa1h eemeh1s oh 1he
des11ha11oh sys1em aJe e11 uhchahged 11 1hey ex1s1, ahd ahy
m1ss1hg 1mp1ed d1Jec1oJ1es aJe cJea1ed w11h de1au1 a11J1bu1es.
Th1s eveh aows 1hese 1mp1ed pa1h eemeh1s 1o have b1g d111eJ-
ehces, such as be1hg a sym1hk 1o a d1Jec1oJy oh 1he Jece1v1hg
s1de.
FoJ 1hs1ahce, 11 a commahd-1he aJg oJ a 11es-1Jom eh1Jy 1od
Jsyhc 1o 1Jahs1eJ 1he 11e "pa1h/1oo/11e", 1he d1Jec1oJ1es
"pa1h" ahd "pa1h/1oo" aJe 1mp1ed wheh --Jea11ve 1s used. T1
"pa1h/1oo" 1s a sym1hk 1o "baJ" oh 1he des11ha11oh sys1em, 1he
Jece1v1hg Jsyhc woud oJd1haJ1y dee1e "pa1h/1oo", JecJea1e 11
as a d1Jec1oJy, ahd Jece1ve 1he 11e 1h1o 1he hew d1Jec1oJy.
W11h --ho-1mp1ed-d1Js, 1he Jece1v1hg Jsyhc upda1es
"pa1h/1oo/11e" us1hg 1he ex1s11hg pa1h eemeh1s, wh1ch meahs
1ha1 1he 11e ehds up be1hg cJea1ed 1h "pa1h/baJ". Aho1heJ way
1o accomp1sh 1h1s 1hk pJeseJva11oh 1s 1o use 1he
--keep-d1J1hks op11oh {wh1ch w1 aso a11ec1 sym1hks 1o
d1Jec1oJ1es 1h 1he Jes1 o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ).
Wheh pu1hg 11es 1Jom ah Jsyhc odeJ 1hah 3.0.0, you may heed
1o use 1h1s op11oh 11 1he sehd1hg s1de has a sym1hk 1h 1he pa1h
you Jeques1 ahd you w1sh 1he 1mp1ed d1Jec1oJ1es 1o be 1Jahs-
1eJJed as hoJma d1Jec1oJ1es.
-b, --backup
W11h 1h1s op11oh, pJeex1s11hg des11ha11oh 11es aJe Jehamed as
each 11e 1s 1Jahs1eJJed oJ dee1ed. You cah coh1Jo wheJe 1he
backup 11e goes ahd wha1 {11 ahy) su111x ge1s appehded us1hg
1he --backup-d1J ahd --su111x op11ohs.
ho1e 1ha1 11 you doh1 spec11y --backup-d1J, {1) 1he
--om11-d1J-11mes op11oh w1 be 1mp1ed, ahd {2) 11 --dee1e 1s
aso 1h e11ec1 {w11hou1 --dee1e-excuded), Jsyhc w1 add a
"pJo1ec1" 111eJ-Jue 1oJ 1he backup su111x 1o 1he ehd o1 a
youJ ex1s11hg excudes {e.g. -1 "P *-"). Th1s w1 pJeveh1 pJe-
v1ousy backed-up 11es 1Jom be1hg dee1ed. ho1e 1ha1 11 you
aJe suppy1hg youJ owh 111eJ Jues, you may heed 1o mahuay
1hseJ1 youJ owh excude/pJo1ec1 Jue somewheJe h1gheJ up 1h 1he
1s1 so 1ha1 11 has a h1gh ehough pJ1oJ11y 1o be e11ec11ve
{e.g., 11 youJ Jues spec11y a 1Ja11hg 1hcus1oh/excus1oh o1
*, 1he au1o-added Jue woud heveJ be Jeached).
--backup-d1J=0TR
Th comb1ha11oh w11h 1he --backup op11oh, 1h1s 1es Jsyhc 1o
s1oJe a backups 1h 1he spec111ed d1Jec1oJy oh 1he Jece1v1hg
s1de. Th1s cah be used 1oJ 1hcJemeh1a backups. You cah add1-
11ohay spec11y a backup su111x us1hg 1he --su111x op11oh {o1h-
eJw1se 1he 11es backed up 1h 1he spec111ed d1Jec1oJy w1 keep
1he1J oJ1g1ha 11ehames).
ho1e 1ha1 11 you spec11y a Jea11ve pa1h, 1he backup d1Jec1oJy
w1 be Jea11ve 1o 1he des11ha11oh d1Jec1oJy, so you pJobaby
wah1 1o spec11y e11heJ ah absou1e pa1h oJ a pa1h 1ha1 s1aJ1s
w11h "../". T1 ah Jsyhc daemoh 1s 1he Jece1veJ, 1he backup d1J
cahho1 go ou1s1de 1he modues pa1h h1eJaJchy, so 1ake ex1Ja
caJe ho1 1o dee1e 11 oJ copy 1h1o 11.
--su111x=SbFFTX
Th1s op11oh aows you 1o oveJJ1de 1he de1au1 backup su111x
used w11h 1he --backup {-b) op11oh. The de1au1 su111x 1s a - 11
ho --backup-d1J was spec111ed, o1heJw1se 11 1s ah emp1y s1J1hg.
-u, --upda1e
Th1s 1oJces Jsyhc 1o sk1p ahy 11es wh1ch ex1s1 oh 1he des11ha-
11oh ahd have a mod111ed 11me 1ha1 1s heweJ 1hah 1he souJce
11e. {T1 ah ex1s11hg des11ha11oh 11e has a mod111ca11oh 11me
equa 1o 1he souJce 11es, 11 w1 be upda1ed 11 1he s1zes aJe
d111eJeh1.)
ho1e 1ha1 1h1s does ho1 a11ec1 1he copy1hg o1 sym1hks oJ o1heJ
spec1a 11es. Aso, a d111eJehce o1 11e 1oJma1 be1weeh 1he
sehdeJ ahd Jece1veJ 1s aways cohs1deJed 1o be 1mpoJ1ah1 ehough
1oJ ah upda1e, ho ma11eJ wha1 da1e 1s oh 1he obec1s. Th o1heJ
woJds, 11 1he souJce has a d1Jec1oJy wheJe 1he des11ha11oh has a
11e, 1he 1Jahs1eJ woud occuJ JegaJdess o1 1he 11mes1amps.
Th1s op11oh 1s a 1Jahs1eJ Jue, ho1 ah excude, so 11 doesh1
a11ec1 1he da1a 1ha1 goes 1h1o 1he 11e-1s1s, ahd 1hus 11
doesh1 a11ec1 dee11ohs. T1 us1 1m11s 1he 11es 1ha1 1he
Jece1veJ Jeques1s 1o be 1Jahs1eJJed.
--1hpace
Th1s op11oh chahges how Jsyhc 1Jahs1eJs a 11e wheh 11s da1a
heeds 1o be upda1ed. 1hs1ead o1 1he de1au1 me1hod o1 cJea11hg a
hew copy o1 1he 11e ahd mov1hg 11 1h1o pace wheh 11 1s com-
pe1e, Jsyhc 1hs1ead wJ11es 1he upda1ed da1a d1Jec1y 1o 1he
des11ha11oh 11e.
Th1s has seveJa e11ec1s.
o haJd 1hks aJe ho1 bJokeh. Th1s meahs 1he hew da1a w1
be v1s1be 1hJough o1heJ haJd 1hks 1o 1he des11ha11oh
11e. hoJeoveJ, a11emp1s 1o copy d111eJ1hg souJce 11es
oh1o a mu11py-1hked des11ha11oh 11e w1 Jesu1 1h a
"1ug o1 waJ" w11h 1he des11ha11oh da1a chahg1hg back ahd
1oJ1h.
o Th-use b1haJ1es cahho1 be upda1ed {e11heJ 1he 0S w1
pJeveh1 1h1s 1Jom happeh1hg, oJ b1haJ1es 1ha1 a11emp1 1o
swap-1h 1he1J da1a w1 m1sbehave oJ cJash).
o The 11es da1a w1 be 1h ah 1hcohs1s1eh1 s1a1e duJ1hg
1he 1Jahs1eJ ahd w1 be e11 1ha1 way 11 1he 1Jahs1eJ 1s
1h1eJJup1ed oJ 11 ah upda1e 1a1s.
o A 11e 1ha1 Jsyhc cahho1 wJ11e 1o cahho1 be upda1ed.
Wh1e a supeJ useJ cah upda1e ahy 11e, a hoJma useJ
heeds 1o be gJah1ed wJ11e peJm1ss1oh 1oJ 1he opeh o1 1he
11e 1oJ wJ111hg 1o be success1u.
o The e111c1ehcy o1 Jsyhcs de1a-1Jahs1eJ agoJ11hm may be
Jeduced 11 some da1a 1h 1he des11ha11oh 11e 1s oveJwJ11-
1eh be1oJe 11 cah be cop1ed 1o a pos111oh a1eJ 1h 1he
11e. Th1s does ho1 appy 11 you use --backup, s1hce
Jsyhc 1s smaJ1 ehough 1o use 1he backup 11e as 1he bas1s
11e 1oJ 1he 1Jahs1eJ.
WARhThC. you shoud ho1 use 1h1s op11oh 1o upda1e 11es 1ha1 aJe
be1hg accessed by o1heJs, so be caJe1u wheh choos1hg 1o use
1h1s 1oJ a copy.
Th1s op11oh 1s use1u 1oJ 1Jahs1eJJ1hg aJge 11es w11h
bock-based chahges oJ appehded da1a, ahd aso oh sys1ems 1ha1
aJe d1sk bouhd, ho1 he1woJk bouhd. T1 cah aso hep keep a
copy-oh-wJ11e 11esys1em shapsho1 1Jom d1veJg1hg 1he eh11Je coh-
1eh1s o1 a 11e 1ha1 ohy has m1hoJ chahges.
The op11oh 1mp1es --paJ11a {s1hce ah 1h1eJJup1ed 1Jahs1eJ does
ho1 dee1e 1he 11e), bu1 coh11c1s w11h --paJ11a-d1J ahd
--deay-upda1es. PJ1oJ 1o Jsyhc 2.6.4 --1hpace was aso 1hcom-
pa11be w11h --compaJe-des1 ahd --1hk-des1.
--appehd
Th1s causes Jsyhc 1o upda1e a 11e by appehd1hg da1a oh1o 1he
ehd o1 1he 11e, wh1ch pJesumes 1ha1 1he da1a 1ha1 aJeady
ex1s1s oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de 1s 1deh11ca w11h 1he s1aJ1 o1 1he
11e oh 1he sehd1hg s1de. T1 a 11e heeds 1o be 1Jahs1eJJed ahd
11s s1ze oh 1he Jece1veJ 1s 1he same oJ ohgeJ 1hah 1he s1ze oh
1he sehdeJ, 1he 11e 1s sk1pped. Th1s does ho1 1h1eJ1eJe w11h
1he upda11hg o1 a 11es hoh-coh1eh1 a11J1bu1es {e.g. peJm1s-
s1ohs, owheJsh1p, e1c.) wheh 1he 11e does ho1 heed 1o be 1Jahs-
1eJJed, hoJ does 11 a11ec1 1he upda11hg o1 ahy hoh-JeguaJ
11es. Tmp1es --1hpace, bu1 does ho1 coh11c1 w11h --spaJse
{s1hce 11 1s aways ex1ehd1hg a 11es ehg1h).
--appehd-veJ11y
Th1s woJks us1 1ke 1he --appehd op11oh, bu1 1he ex1s11hg da1a
oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de 1s 1hcuded 1h 1he 1u-11e checksum veJ-
111ca11oh s1ep, wh1ch w1 cause a 11e 1o be Jeseh1 11 1he
11ha veJ111ca11oh s1ep 1a1s {Jsyhc uses a hoJma, hoh-appehd-
1hg --1hpace 1Jahs1eJ 1oJ 1he Jesehd).
ho1e. pJ1oJ 1o Jsyhc 3.0.0, 1he --appehd op11oh woJked 1ke
--appehd-veJ11y, so 11 you aJe 1h1eJac11hg w11h ah odeJ Jsyhc
{oJ 1he 1Jahs1eJ 1s us1hg a pJo1oco pJ1oJ 1o 30), spec11y1hg
e11heJ appehd op11oh w1 1h111a1e ah --appehd-veJ11y 1Jahs1eJ.
-d, --d1Js
Te 1he sehd1hg s1de 1o 1hcude ahy d1Jec1oJ1es 1ha1 aJe
ehcouh1eJed. bh1ke --JecuJs1ve, a d1Jec1oJys coh1eh1s aJe ho1
cop1ed uhess 1he d1Jec1oJy hame spec111ed 1s "." oJ ehds w11h a
1Ja11hg sash {e.g. ".", "d1J/.", "d1J/", e1c.). W11hou1 1h1s
op11oh oJ 1he --JecuJs1ve op11oh, Jsyhc w1 sk1p a d1Jec1o-
J1es 11 ehcouh1eJs {ahd ou1pu1 a message 1o 1ha1 e11ec1 1oJ each
ohe). T1 you spec11y bo1h --d1Js ahd --JecuJs1ve, --JecuJs1ve
1akes pJecedehce.
The --d1Js op11oh 1s 1mp1ed by 1he --11es-1Jom op11oh oJ 1he
--1s1-ohy op11oh {1hcud1hg ah 1mp1ed --1s1-ohy usage) 11
--JecuJs1ve wash1 spec111ed {so 1ha1 d1Jec1oJ1es aJe seeh 1h
1he 1s11hg). Spec11y --ho-d1Js {oJ --ho-d) 11 you wah1 1o 1uJh
1h1s o11.
TheJe 1s aso a backwaJd-compa11b111y hepeJ op11oh, --od-d1Js
{oJ --od-d) 1ha1 1es Jsyhc 1o use a hack o1 "-J
--excude=/*/*" 1o ge1 ah odeJ Jsyhc 1o 1s1 a s1hge d1Jec-
1oJy w11hou1 JecuJs1hg.
-, --1hks
Wheh sym1hks aJe ehcouh1eJed, JecJea1e 1he sym1hk oh 1he des-
11ha11oh.
-L, --copy-1hks
Wheh sym1hks aJe ehcouh1eJed, 1he 11em 1ha1 1hey po1h1 1o {1he
Je1eJeh1) 1s cop1ed, Ja1heJ 1hah 1he sym1hk. Th odeJ veJs1ohs
o1 Jsyhc, 1h1s op11oh aso had 1he s1de-e11ec1 o1 1e1hg 1he
Jece1v1hg s1de 1o 1oow sym1hks, such as sym1hks 1o d1Jec1o-
J1es. Th a modeJh Jsyhc such as 1h1s ohe, you heed 1o spec-
11y --keep-d1J1hks {-K) 1o ge1 1h1s ex1Ja behav1oJ. The ohy
excep11oh 1s wheh sehd1hg 11es 1o ah Jsyhc 1ha1 1s 1oo od 1o
uhdeJs1ahd -K -- 1h 1ha1 case, 1he -L op11oh w1 s11 have 1he
s1de-e11ec1 o1 -K oh 1ha1 odeJ Jece1v1hg Jsyhc.
--copy-uhsa1e-1hks
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o copy 1he Je1eJeh1 o1 symbo1c 1hks 1ha1
po1h1 ou1s1de 1he cop1ed 1Jee. Absou1e sym1hks aJe aso
1Jea1ed 1ke oJd1haJy 11es, ahd so aJe ahy sym1hks 1h 1he
souJce pa1h 11se1 wheh --Jea11ve 1s used. Th1s op11oh has ho
add111oha e11ec1 11 --copy-1hks was aso spec111ed.
--sa1e-1hks
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o 1ghoJe ahy symbo1c 1hks wh1ch po1h1 ou1-
s1de 1he cop1ed 1Jee. A absou1e sym1hks aJe aso 1ghoJed.
bs1hg 1h1s op11oh 1h cohuhc11oh w11h --Jea11ve may g1ve uhex-
pec1ed Jesu1s.
-k, --copy-d1J1hks
Th1s op11oh causes 1he sehd1hg s1de 1o 1Jea1 a sym1hk 1o a
d1Jec1oJy as 1hough 11 weJe a Jea d1Jec1oJy. Th1s 1s use1u 11
you doh1 wah1 sym1hks 1o hoh-d1Jec1oJ1es 1o be a11ec1ed, as
1hey woud be us1hg --copy-1hks.
W11hou1 1h1s op11oh, 11 1he sehd1hg s1de has Jepaced a d1Jec-
1oJy w11h a sym1hk 1o a d1Jec1oJy, 1he Jece1v1hg s1de w1
dee1e ahy1h1hg 1ha1 1s 1h 1he way o1 1he hew sym1hk, 1hcud1hg
a d1Jec1oJy h1eJaJchy {as ohg as --1oJce oJ --dee1e 1s 1h
e11ec1).
See aso --keep-d1J1hks 1oJ ah ahaogous op11oh 1oJ 1he Jece1v-
1hg s1de.
--copy-d1J1hks app1es 1o a sym1hks 1o d1Jec1oJ1es 1h 1he
souJce. T1 you wah1 1o 1oow ohy a 1ew spec111ed sym1hks, a
1J1ck you cah use 1s 1o pass 1hem as add111oha souJce aJgs w11h
a 1Ja11hg sash, us1hg --Jea11ve 1o make 1he pa1hs ma1ch up
J1gh1. FoJ exampe.
Jsyhc -J --Jea11ve sJc/./ sJc/./1oow-me/ des1/
Th1s woJks because Jsyhc cas s1a1{2) oh 1he souJce aJg as
g1veh, ahd 1he 1Ja11hg sash makes s1a1{2) 1oow 1he sym1hk,
g1v1hg J1se 1o a d1Jec1oJy 1h 1he 11e-1s1 wh1ch oveJJ1des 1he
sym1hk 1ouhd duJ1hg 1he scah o1 "sJc/./".
-K, --keep-d1J1hks
Th1s op11oh causes 1he Jece1v1hg s1de 1o 1Jea1 a sym1hk 1o a
d1Jec1oJy as 1hough 11 weJe a Jea d1Jec1oJy, bu1 ohy 11 11
ma1ches a Jea d1Jec1oJy 1Jom 1he sehdeJ. W11hou1 1h1s op11oh,
1he Jece1veJs sym1hk woud be dee1ed ahd Jepaced w11h a Jea
d1Jec1oJy.
FoJ exampe, suppose you 1Jahs1eJ a d1Jec1oJy "1oo" 1ha1 coh-
1a1hs a 11e "11e", bu1 "1oo" 1s a sym1hk 1o d1Jec1oJy "baJ"
oh 1he Jece1veJ. W11hou1 --keep-d1J1hks, 1he Jece1veJ dee1es
sym1hk "1oo", JecJea1es 11 as a d1Jec1oJy, ahd Jece1ves 1he
11e 1h1o 1he hew d1Jec1oJy. W11h --keep-d1J1hks, 1he Jece1veJ
keeps 1he sym1hk ahd "11e" ehds up 1h "baJ".
0he ho1e o1 cau11oh. 11 you use --keep-d1J1hks, you mus1 1Jus1
a 1he sym1hks 1h 1he copy! T1 11 1s poss1be 1oJ ah
uh1Jus1ed useJ 1o cJea1e 1he1J owh sym1hk 1o ahy d1Jec1oJy, 1he
useJ coud 1heh {oh a subsequeh1 copy) Jepace 1he sym1hk w11h
a Jea d1Jec1oJy ahd a11ec1 1he coh1eh1 o1 wha1eveJ d1Jec1oJy
1he sym1hk Je1eJehces. FoJ backup cop1es, you aJe be11eJ o11
us1hg some1h1hg 1ke a b1hd mouh1 1hs1ead o1 a sym1hk 1o mod11y
youJ Jece1v1hg h1eJaJchy.
See aso --copy-d1J1hks 1oJ ah ahaogous op11oh 1oJ 1he sehd1hg
s1de.
-h, --haJd-1hks
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o ook 1oJ haJd-1hked 11es 1h 1he souJce ahd
1hk 1oge1heJ 1he coJJespohd1hg 11es oh 1he des11ha11oh. W11h-
ou1 1h1s op11oh, haJd-1hked 11es 1h 1he souJce aJe 1Jea1ed as
1hough 1hey weJe sepaJa1e 11es.
Th1s op11oh does h0T hecessaJ1y ehsuJe 1ha1 1he pa11eJh o1 haJd
1hks oh 1he des11ha11oh exac1y ma1ches 1ha1 oh 1he souJce.
Cases 1h wh1ch 1he des11ha11oh may ehd up w11h ex1Ja haJd 1hks
1hcude 1he 1oow1hg.
o T1 1he des11ha11oh coh1a1hs ex1Jaheous haJd-1hks {moJe
1hk1hg 1hah wha1 1s pJeseh1 1h 1he souJce 11e 1s1),
1he copy1hg agoJ11hm w1 ho1 bJeak 1hem exp1c11y.
howeveJ, 11 ohe oJ moJe o1 1he pa1hs have coh1eh1 d111eJ-
ehces, 1he hoJma 11e-upda1e pJocess w1 bJeak 1hose
ex1Ja 1hks {uhess you aJe us1hg 1he --1hpace op11oh).
o T1 you spec11y a --1hk-des1 d1Jec1oJy 1ha1 coh1a1hs haJd
1hks, 1he 1hk1hg o1 1he des11ha11oh 11es aga1hs1 1he
--1hk-des1 11es cah cause some pa1hs 1h 1he des11ha11oh
1o become 1hked 1oge1heJ due 1o 1he --1hk-des1 assoc1a-
11ohs.
ho1e 1ha1 Jsyhc cah ohy de1ec1 haJd 1hks be1weeh 11es 1ha1
aJe 1hs1de 1he 1Jahs1eJ se1. T1 Jsyhc upda1es a 11e 1ha1 has
ex1Ja haJd-1hk cohhec11ohs 1o 11es ou1s1de 1he 1Jahs1eJ, 1ha1
1hkage w1 be bJokeh. T1 you aJe 1emp1ed 1o use 1he --1hpace
op11oh 1o avo1d 1h1s bJeakage, be veJy caJe1u 1ha1 you khow how
youJ 11es aJe be1hg upda1ed so 1ha1 you aJe ceJ1a1h 1ha1 ho
uh1h1ehded chahges happeh due 1o 1hgeJ1hg haJd 1hks {ahd see
1he --1hpace op11oh 1oJ moJe cavea1s).
T1 1hcJemeh1a JecuJs1oh 1s ac11ve {see --JecuJs1ve), Jsyhc may
1Jahs1eJ a m1ss1hg haJd-1hked 11e be1oJe 11 11hds 1ha1 aho1heJ
1hk 1oJ 1ha1 coh1eh1s ex1s1s esewheJe 1h 1he h1eJaJchy. Th1s
does ho1 a11ec1 1he accuJacy o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ {1.e. wh1ch 11es
aJe haJd-1hked 1oge1heJ), us1 11s e111c1ehcy {1.e. copy1hg 1he
da1a 1oJ a hew, eaJy copy o1 a haJd-1hked 11e 1ha1 coud have
beeh 1ouhd a1eJ 1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ 1h aho1heJ membeJ o1 1he
haJd-1hked se1 o1 11es). 0he way 1o avo1d 1h1s 1he111c1ehcy
1s 1o d1sabe 1hcJemeh1a JecuJs1oh us1hg 1he --ho-1hc-JecuJs1ve
op11oh.
-p, --peJms
Th1s op11oh causes 1he Jece1v1hg Jsyhc 1o se1 1he des11ha11oh
peJm1ss1ohs 1o be 1he same as 1he souJce peJm1ss1ohs. {See aso
1he --chmod op11oh 1oJ a way 1o mod11y wha1 Jsyhc cohs1deJs 1o
be 1he souJce peJm1ss1ohs.)
Wheh 1h1s op11oh 1s o11, peJm1ss1ohs aJe se1 as 1oows.
o Ex1s11hg 11es {1hcud1hg upda1ed 11es) Je1a1h 1he1J
ex1s11hg peJm1ss1ohs, 1hough 1he --execu1ab111y op11oh
m1gh1 chahge us1 1he execu1e peJm1ss1oh 1oJ 1he 11e.
o hew 11es ge1 1he1J "hoJma" peJm1ss1oh b11s se1 1o 1he
souJce 11es peJm1ss1ohs masked w11h 1he Jece1v1hg
d1Jec1oJys de1au1 peJm1ss1ohs {e11heJ 1he Jece1v1hg
pJocesss umask, oJ 1he peJm1ss1ohs spec111ed v1a 1he
des11ha11oh d1Jec1oJys de1au1 ACL), ahd 1he1J spec1a
peJm1ss1oh b11s d1sabed excep1 1h 1he case wheJe a hew
d1Jec1oJy 1hheJ11s a se1g1d b11 1Jom 11s paJeh1 d1Jec-
1oJy.
Thus, wheh --peJms ahd --execu1ab111y aJe bo1h d1sabed,
Jsyhcs behav1oJ 1s 1he same as 1ha1 o1 o1heJ 11e-copy u111-
11es, such as cp{1) ahd 1aJ{1).
Th summaJy. 1o g1ve des11ha11oh 11es {bo1h od ahd hew) 1he
souJce peJm1ss1ohs, use --peJms. To g1ve hew 11es 1he des11ha-
11oh-de1au1 peJm1ss1ohs {wh1e eav1hg ex1s11hg 11es
uhchahged), make suJe 1ha1 1he --peJms op11oh 1s o11 ahd use
--chmod=ugo=JwX {wh1ch ehsuJes 1ha1 a hoh-masked b11s ge1
ehabed). T1 youd caJe 1o make 1h1s a11eJ behav1oJ eas1eJ 1o
1ype, you coud de11he a pop1 a1as 1oJ 11, such as pu111hg 1h1s
1he 1h 1he 11e -/.pop1 {1he 1oow1hg de11hes 1he -Z op11oh,
ahd 1hcudes --ho-g 1o use 1he de1au1 gJoup o1 1he des11ha11oh
d1J).
Jsyhc a1as -Z --ho-p --ho-g --chmod=ugo=JwX
You coud 1heh use 1h1s hew op11oh 1h a commahd such as 1h1s
ohe.
Jsyhc -avZ sJc/ des1/
{Cavea1. make suJe 1ha1 -a does ho1 1oow -Z, oJ 11 w1
Je-ehabe 1he 1wo "--ho-*" op11ohs meh11ohed above.)
The pJeseJva11oh o1 1he des11ha11ohs se1g1d b11 oh hewy-cJe-
a1ed d1Jec1oJ1es wheh --peJms 1s o11 was added 1h Jsyhc 2.6.7.
0deJ Jsyhc veJs1ohs eJJoheousy pJeseJved 1he 1hJee spec1a
peJm1ss1oh b11s 1oJ hewy-cJea1ed 11es wheh --peJms was o11,
wh1e oveJJ1d1hg 1he des11ha11ohs se1g1d b11 se111hg oh a
hewy-cJea1ed d1Jec1oJy. 0e1au1 ACL obseJvahce was added 1o
1he ACL pa1ch 1oJ Jsyhc 2.6.7, so odeJ {oJ hoh-ACL-ehabed)
Jsyhcs use 1he umask eveh 11 de1au1 ACLs aJe pJeseh1. {Keep 1h
m1hd 1ha1 11 1s 1he veJs1oh o1 1he Jece1v1hg Jsyhc 1ha1 a11ec1s
1hese behav1oJs.)
-E, --execu1ab111y
Th1s op11oh causes Jsyhc 1o pJeseJve 1he execu1ab111y {oJ
hoh-execu1ab111y) o1 JeguaJ 11es wheh --peJms 1s ho1 ehabed.
A JeguaJ 11e 1s cohs1deJed 1o be execu1abe 11 a1 eas1 ohe
x 1s 1uJhed oh 1h 11s peJm1ss1ohs. Wheh ah ex1s11hg des11ha-
11oh 11es execu1ab111y d111eJs 1Jom 1ha1 o1 1he coJJespohd1hg
souJce 11e, Jsyhc mod111es 1he des11ha11oh 11es peJm1ss1ohs
as 1oows.
o To make a 11e hoh-execu1abe, Jsyhc 1uJhs o11 a 11s
x peJm1ss1ohs.
o To make a 11e execu1abe, Jsyhc 1uJhs oh each x peJ-
m1ss1oh 1ha1 has a coJJespohd1hg J peJm1ss1oh ehabed.
T1 --peJms 1s ehabed, 1h1s op11oh 1s 1ghoJed.
-A, --acs
Th1s op11oh causes Jsyhc 1o upda1e 1he des11ha11oh ACLs 1o be
1he same as 1he souJce ACLs. The op11oh aso 1mp1es --peJms.
The souJce ahd des11ha11oh sys1ems mus1 have compa11be ACL
eh1J1es 1oJ 1h1s op11oh 1o woJk pJopeJy. See 1he --1ake-supeJ
op11oh 1oJ a way 1o backup ahd Jes1oJe ACLs 1ha1 aJe ho1 compa1-
1be.
-X, --xa11Js
Th1s op11oh causes Jsyhc 1o upda1e 1he des11ha11oh ex1ehded
a11J1bu1es 1o be 1he same as 1he souJce ohes.
FoJ sys1ems 1ha1 suppoJ1 ex1ehded-a11J1bu1e hamespaces, a copy
be1hg dohe by a supeJ-useJ cop1es a hamespaces excep1 sys-
1em.*. A hoJma useJ ohy cop1es 1he useJ.* hamespace. To be
abe 1o backup ahd Jes1oJe hoh-useJ hamespaces as a hoJma useJ,
see 1he --1ake-supeJ op11oh.
ho1e 1ha1 1h1s op11oh does ho1 copy Jsyhcs spec1a xa11J vaues
{e.g. 1hose used by --1ake-supeJ) uhess you Jepea1 1he op11oh
{e.g. -XX). Th1s "copy a xa11Js" mode cahho1 be used w11h
--1ake-supeJ.
--chmod
Th1s op11oh 1es Jsyhc 1o appy ohe oJ moJe comma-sepaJa1ed
"chmod" modes 1o 1he peJm1ss1oh o1 1he 11es 1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ.
The Jesu11hg vaue 1s 1Jea1ed as 1hough 11 weJe 1he peJm1ss1ohs
1ha1 1he sehd1hg s1de supp1ed 1oJ 1he 11e, wh1ch meahs 1ha1
1h1s op11oh cah seem 1o have ho e11ec1 oh ex1s11hg 11es 11
--peJms 1s ho1 ehabed.
Th add111oh 1o 1he hoJma paJs1hg Jues spec111ed 1h 1he
chmod{1) mahpage, you cah spec11y ah 11em 1ha1 shoud ohy appy
1o a d1Jec1oJy by pJe11x1hg 11 w11h a 0, oJ spec11y ah 11em
1ha1 shoud ohy appy 1o a 11e by pJe11x1hg 11 w11h a F.
FoJ exampe, 1he 1oow1hg w1 ehsuJe 1ha1 a d1Jec1oJ1es ge1
maJked se1-g1d, 1ha1 ho 11es aJe o1heJ-wJ11abe, 1ha1 bo1h aJe
useJ-wJ11abe ahd gJoup-wJ11abe, ahd 1ha1 bo1h have cohs1s1eh1
execu1ab111y acJoss a b11s.
--chmod=0g+s,ug+w,Fo-w,+X
T1 1s aso ega 1o spec11y mu11pe --chmod op11ohs, as each
add111oha op11oh 1s us1 appehded 1o 1he 1s1 o1 chahges 1o
make.
See 1he --peJms ahd --execu1ab111y op11ohs 1oJ how 1he Jesu1-
1hg peJm1ss1oh vaue cah be app1ed 1o 1he 11es 1h 1he 1Jahs-
1eJ.
-o, --owheJ
Th1s op11oh causes Jsyhc 1o se1 1he owheJ o1 1he des11ha11oh
11e 1o be 1he same as 1he souJce 11e, bu1 ohy 11 1he Jece1v-
1hg Jsyhc 1s be1hg Juh as 1he supeJ-useJ {see aso 1he --supeJ
ahd --1ake-supeJ op11ohs). W11hou1 1h1s op11oh, 1he owheJ o1
hew ahd/oJ 1Jahs1eJJed 11es aJe se1 1o 1he 1hvok1hg useJ oh 1he
Jece1v1hg s1de.
The pJeseJva11oh o1 owheJsh1p w1 assoc1a1e ma1ch1hg hames by
de1au1, bu1 may 1a back 1o us1hg 1he T0 humbeJ 1h some c1J-
cums1ahces {see aso 1he --humeJ1c-1ds op11oh 1oJ a 1u d1scus-
s1oh).
-g, --gJoup
Th1s op11oh causes Jsyhc 1o se1 1he gJoup o1 1he des11ha11oh
11e 1o be 1he same as 1he souJce 11e. T1 1he Jece1v1hg pJo-
gJam 1s ho1 Juhh1hg as 1he supeJ-useJ {oJ 11 --ho-supeJ was
spec111ed), ohy gJoups 1ha1 1he 1hvok1hg useJ oh 1he Jece1v1hg
s1de 1s a membeJ o1 w1 be pJeseJved. W11hou1 1h1s op11oh, 1he
gJoup 1s se1 1o 1he de1au1 gJoup o1 1he 1hvok1hg useJ oh 1he
Jece1v1hg s1de.
The pJeseJva11oh o1 gJoup 1h1oJma11oh w1 assoc1a1e ma1ch1hg
hames by de1au1, bu1 may 1a back 1o us1hg 1he T0 humbeJ 1h
some c1Jcums1ahces {see aso 1he --humeJ1c-1ds op11oh 1oJ a 1u
d1scuss1oh).
--dev1ces
Th1s op11oh causes Jsyhc 1o 1Jahs1eJ chaJac1eJ ahd bock dev1ce
11es 1o 1he Jemo1e sys1em 1o JecJea1e 1hese dev1ces. Th1s
op11oh has ho e11ec1 11 1he Jece1v1hg Jsyhc 1s ho1 Juh as 1he
supeJ-useJ {see aso 1he --supeJ ahd --1ake-supeJ op11ohs).
--spec1as
Th1s op11oh causes Jsyhc 1o 1Jahs1eJ spec1a 11es such as hamed
socke1s ahd 111os.
-0 The -0 op11oh 1s equ1vaeh1 1o --dev1ces --spec1as.
-1, --11mes
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o 1Jahs1eJ mod111ca11oh 11mes aohg w11h 1he
11es ahd upda1e 1hem oh 1he Jemo1e sys1em. ho1e 1ha1 11 1h1s
op11oh 1s ho1 used, 1he op11m1za11oh 1ha1 excudes 11es 1ha1
have ho1 beeh mod111ed cahho1 be e11ec11ve, 1h o1heJ woJds, a
m1ss1hg -1 oJ -a w1 cause 1he hex1 1Jahs1eJ 1o behave as 11 11
used -T, caus1hg a 11es 1o be upda1ed {1hough Jsyhcs
de1a-1Jahs1eJ agoJ11hm w1 make 1he upda1e 1a1Jy e111c1eh1
11 1he 11es haveh1 ac1uay chahged, youJe much be11eJ o11
us1hg -1).
-0, --om11-d1J-11mes
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o om11 d1Jec1oJ1es wheh 11 1s pJeseJv1hg mod1-
11ca11oh 11mes {see --11mes). T1 hFS 1s shaJ1hg 1he d1Jec1oJ1es
oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de, 11 1s a good 1dea 1o use -0. Th1s op11oh
1s 1h1eJJed 11 you use --backup w11hou1 --backup-d1J.
--supeJ
Th1s 1es 1he Jece1v1hg s1de 1o a11emp1 supeJ-useJ ac11v111es
eveh 11 1he Jece1v1hg Jsyhc wash1 Juh by 1he supeJ-useJ. These
ac11v111es 1hcude. pJeseJv1hg useJs v1a 1he --owheJ op11oh,
pJeseJv1hg a gJoups {ho1 us1 1he cuJJeh1 useJs gJoups) v1a
1he --gJoups op11oh, ahd copy1hg dev1ces v1a 1he --dev1ces
op11oh. Th1s 1s use1u 1oJ sys1ems 1ha1 aow such ac11v111es
w11hou1 be1hg 1he supeJ-useJ, ahd aso 1oJ ehsuJ1hg 1ha1 you
w1 ge1 eJJoJs 11 1he Jece1v1hg s1de 1sh1 be1hg Juh as 1he
supeJ-useJ. To 1uJh o11 supeJ-useJ ac11v111es, 1he supeJ-useJ
cah use --ho-supeJ.
--1ake-supeJ
Wheh 1h1s op11oh 1s ehabed, Jsyhc s1mua1es supeJ-useJ ac11v1-
11es by sav1hg/Jes1oJ1hg 1he pJ1v1eged a11J1bu1es v1a spec1a
ex1ehded a11J1bu1es 1ha1 aJe a11ached 1o each 11e {as heeded).
Th1s 1hcudes 1he 11es owheJ ahd gJoup {11 11 1s ho1 1he
de1au1), 1he 11es dev1ce 1h1o {dev1ce & spec1a 11es aJe
cJea1ed as emp1y 1ex1 11es), ahd ahy peJm1ss1oh b11s 1ha1 we
woh1 aow 1o be se1 oh 1he Jea 11e {e.g. 1he Jea 11e ge1s
u-s,g-s,o-1 1oJ sa1e1y) oJ 1ha1 woud 1m11 1he owheJs access
{s1hce 1he Jea supeJ-useJ cah aways access/chahge a 11e, 1he
11es we cJea1e cah aways be accessed/chahged by 1he cJea11hg
useJ). Th1s op11oh aso hahdes ACLs {11 --acs was spec111ed)
ahd hoh-useJ ex1ehded a11J1bu1es {11 --xa11Js was spec111ed).
Th1s 1s a good way 1o backup da1a w11hou1 us1hg a supeJ-useJ,
ahd 1o s1oJe ACLs 1Jom 1hcompa11be sys1ems.
The --1ake-supeJ op11oh ohy a11ec1s 1he s1de wheJe 1he op11oh
1s used. To a11ec1 1he Jemo1e s1de o1 a Jemo1e-she cohhec-
11oh, spec11y ah Jsyhc pa1h.
Jsyhc -av --Jsyhc-pa1h="Jsyhc --1ake-supeJ" /sJc/ hos1./des1/
S1hce 1heJe 1s ohy ohe "s1de" 1h a oca copy, 1h1s op11oh
a11ec1s bo1h 1he sehd1hg ahd Jece1v1hg o1 11es. You heed 1o
spec11y a copy us1hg "ocahos1" 11 you heed 1o avo1d 1h1s, pos-
s1by us1hg 1he "sh" she scJ1p1 {1Jom 1he suppoJ1 d1Jec1oJy)
as a subs111u1e 1oJ ah ac1ua Jemo1e she {see --Jsh).
Th1s op11oh 1s oveJJ1ddeh by bo1h --supeJ ahd --ho-supeJ.
See aso 1he "1ake supeJ" se111hg 1h 1he daemohs Jsyhcd.coh1
11e.
-S, --spaJse
TJy 1o hahde spaJse 11es e111c1eh1y so 1hey 1ake up ess
space oh 1he des11ha11oh. Coh11c1s w11h --1hpace because 11s
ho1 poss1be 1o oveJwJ11e da1a 1h a spaJse 1ash1oh.
-h, --dJy-Juh
Th1s makes Jsyhc peJ1oJm a 1J1a Juh 1ha1 doesh1 make ahy
chahges {ahd pJoduces mos1y 1he same ou1pu1 as a Jea Juh). T1
1s mos1 commohy used 1h comb1ha11oh w11h 1he -v, --veJbose
ahd/oJ -1, --11em1ze-chahges op11ohs 1o see wha1 ah Jsyhc com-
mahd 1s go1hg 1o do be1oJe ohe ac1uay Juhs 11.
The ou1pu1 o1 --11em1ze-chahges 1s supposed 1o be exac1y 1he
same oh a dJy Juh ahd a subsequeh1 Jea Juh {baJJ1hg 1h1eh11oha
1J1ckeJy ahd sys1em ca 1a1uJes), 11 11 1sh1, 1ha1s a bug.
01heJ ou1pu1 shoud be mos1y uhchahged, bu1 may d111eJ 1h some
aJeas. ho1aby, a dJy Juh does ho1 sehd 1he ac1ua da1a 1oJ
11e 1Jahs1eJs, so --pJogJess has ho e11ec1, 1he "by1es seh1",
"by1es Jece1ved", "11eJa da1a", ahd "ma1ched da1a" s1a11s11cs
aJe 1oo sma, ahd 1he "speedup" vaue 1s equ1vaeh1 1o a Juh
wheJe ho 11e 1Jahs1eJs weJe heeded.
-W, --whoe-11e
W11h 1h1s op11oh Jsyhcs de1a-1Jahs1eJ agoJ11hm 1s ho1 used
ahd 1he whoe 11e 1s seh1 as-1s 1hs1ead. The 1Jahs1eJ may be
1as1eJ 11 1h1s op11oh 1s used wheh 1he bahdw1d1h be1weeh 1he
souJce ahd des11ha11oh mach1hes 1s h1gheJ 1hah 1he bahdw1d1h 1o
d1sk {espec1ay wheh 1he "d1sk" 1s ac1uay a he1woJked
11esys1em). Th1s 1s 1he de1au1 wheh bo1h 1he souJce ahd des-
11ha11oh aJe spec111ed as oca pa1hs, bu1 ohy 11 ho
ba1ch-wJ111hg op11oh 1s 1h e11ec1.
-x, --ohe-11e-sys1em
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o avo1d cJoss1hg a 11esys1em bouhdaJy wheh
JecuJs1hg. Th1s does ho1 1m11 1he useJs ab111y 1o spec11y
11ems 1o copy 1Jom mu11pe 11esys1ems, us1 Jsyhcs JecuJs1oh
1hJough 1he h1eJaJchy o1 each d1Jec1oJy 1ha1 1he useJ spec111ed,
ahd aso 1he ahaogous JecuJs1oh oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de duJ1hg
dee11oh. Aso keep 1h m1hd 1ha1 Jsyhc 1Jea1s a "b1hd" mouh1 1o
1he same dev1ce as be1hg oh 1he same 11esys1em.
T1 1h1s op11oh 1s Jepea1ed, Jsyhc om11s a mouh1-po1h1 d1Jec1o-
J1es 1Jom 1he copy. 01heJw1se, 11 1hcudes ah emp1y d1Jec1oJy
a1 each mouh1-po1h1 11 ehcouh1eJs {us1hg 1he a11J1bu1es o1 1he
mouh1ed d1Jec1oJy because 1hose o1 1he uhdeJy1hg mouh1-po1h1
d1Jec1oJy aJe 1haccess1be).
T1 Jsyhc has beeh 1od 1o coapse sym1hks {v1a --copy-1hks oJ
--copy-uhsa1e-1hks), a sym1hk 1o a d1Jec1oJy oh aho1heJ dev1ce
1s 1Jea1ed 1ke a mouh1-po1h1. Sym1hks 1o hoh-d1Jec1oJ1es aJe
uha11ec1ed by 1h1s op11oh.
--ex1s11hg, --1ghoJe-hoh-ex1s11hg
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o sk1p cJea11hg 11es {1hcud1hg d1Jec1oJ1es)
1ha1 do ho1 ex1s1 ye1 oh 1he des11ha11oh. T1 1h1s op11oh 1s
comb1hed w11h 1he --1ghoJe-ex1s11hg op11oh, ho 11es w1 be
upda1ed {wh1ch cah be use1u 11 a you wah1 1o do 1s dee1e
ex1Jaheous 11es).
--1ghoJe-ex1s11hg
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o sk1p upda11hg 11es 1ha1 aJeady ex1s1 oh
1he des11ha11oh {1h1s does ho1 1ghoJe ex1s11hg d1Jec1oJ1es, oJ
ho1h1hg woud ge1 dohe). See aso --ex1s11hg.
Th1s op11oh cah be use1u 1oJ 1hose do1hg backups us1hg 1he
--1hk-des1 op11oh wheh 1hey heed 1o coh11hue a backup Juh 1ha1
go1 1h1eJJup1ed. S1hce a --1hk-des1 Juh 1s cop1ed 1h1o a hew
d1Jec1oJy h1eJaJchy {wheh 11 1s used pJopeJy), us1hg --1ghoJe
ex1s11hg w1 ehsuJe 1ha1 1he aJeady-hahded 11es doh1 ge1
1weaked {wh1ch avo1ds a chahge 1h peJm1ss1ohs oh 1he haJd-1hked
11es). Th1s does meah 1ha1 1h1s op11oh 1s ohy ook1hg a1 1he
ex1s11hg 11es 1h 1he des11ha11oh h1eJaJchy 11se1.
--Jemove-souJce-11es
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o Jemove 1Jom 1he sehd1hg s1de 1he 11es
{meah1hg hoh-d1Jec1oJ1es) 1ha1 aJe a paJ1 o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ ahd
have beeh success1uy dup1ca1ed oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de.
ho1e 1ha1 you shoud ohy use 1h1s op11oh oh souJce 11es 1ha1
aJe qu1esceh1. T1 you aJe us1hg 1h1s 1o move 11es 1ha1 show up
1h a paJ11cuaJ d1Jec1oJy oveJ 1o aho1heJ hos1, make suJe 1ha1
1he 11h1shed 11es ge1 Jehamed 1h1o 1he souJce d1Jec1oJy, ho1
d1Jec1y wJ111eh 1h1o 11, so 1ha1 Jsyhc cah1 poss1by 1Jahs1eJ
a 11e 1ha1 1s ho1 ye1 1uy wJ111eh. T1 you cah1 11Js1 wJ11e
1he 11es 1h1o a d111eJeh1 d1Jec1oJy, you shoud use a ham1hg
1d1om 1ha1 e1s Jsyhc avo1d 1Jahs1eJJ1hg 11es 1ha1 aJe ho1 ye1
11h1shed {e.g. hame 1he 11e "1oo.hew" wheh 11 1s wJ111eh,
Jehame 11 1o "1oo" wheh 11 1s dohe, ahd 1heh use 1he op11oh
--excude=`*.hew` 1oJ 1he Jsyhc 1Jahs1eJ).
--dee1e
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o dee1e ex1Jaheous 11es 1Jom 1he Jece1v1hg
s1de {ohes 1ha1 aJeh1 oh 1he sehd1hg s1de), bu1 ohy 1oJ 1he
d1Jec1oJ1es 1ha1 aJe be1hg syhchJoh1zed. You mus1 have asked
Jsyhc 1o sehd 1he whoe d1Jec1oJy {e.g. "d1J" oJ "d1J/") w11hou1
us1hg a w1dcaJd 1oJ 1he d1Jec1oJys coh1eh1s {e.g. "d1J/*")
s1hce 1he w1dcaJd 1s expahded by 1he she ahd Jsyhc 1hus ge1s
a Jeques1 1o 1Jahs1eJ 1hd1v1dua 11es, ho1 1he 11es paJeh1
d1Jec1oJy. F1es 1ha1 aJe excuded 1Jom 1he 1Jahs1eJ aJe aso
excuded 1Jom be1hg dee1ed uhess you use 1he --dee1e-excuded
op11oh oJ maJk 1he Jues as ohy ma1ch1hg oh 1he sehd1hg s1de
{see 1he 1hcude/excude mod111eJs 1h 1he FTLTER RbLES sec11oh).
PJ1oJ 1o Jsyhc 2.6.7, 1h1s op11oh woud have ho e11ec1 uhess
--JecuJs1ve was ehabed. Beg1hh1hg w11h 2.6.7, dee11ohs w1
aso occuJ wheh --d1Js {-d) 1s ehabed, bu1 ohy 1oJ d1Jec1oJ1es
whose coh1eh1s aJe be1hg cop1ed.
Th1s op11oh cah be dahgeJous 11 used 1hcoJJec1y! T1 1s a veJy
good 1dea 1o 11Js1 1Jy a Juh us1hg 1he --dJy-Juh op11oh {-h) 1o
see wha1 11es aJe go1hg 1o be dee1ed.
T1 1he sehd1hg s1de de1ec1s ahy T/0 eJJoJs, 1heh 1he dee11oh o1
ahy 11es a1 1he des11ha11oh w1 be au1oma11cay d1sabed.
Th1s 1s 1o pJeveh1 1empoJaJy 11esys1em 1a1uJes {such as hFS
eJJoJs) oh 1he sehd1hg s1de 1Jom caus1hg a mass1ve dee11oh o1
11es oh 1he des11ha11oh. You cah oveJJ1de 1h1s w11h 1he
--1ghoJe-eJJoJs op11oh.
The --dee1e op11oh may be comb1hed w11h ohe o1 1he
--dee1e-WhEh op11ohs w11hou1 coh11c1, as we as
--dee1e-excuded. howeveJ, 11 hohe o1 1he --dee1e-WhEh
op11ohs aJe spec111ed, Jsyhc w1 choose 1he --dee1e-duJ1hg
agoJ11hm wheh 1ak1hg 1o Jsyhc 3.0.0 oJ heweJ, ahd 1he
--dee1e-be1oJe agoJ11hm wheh 1ak1hg 1o ah odeJ Jsyhc. See
aso --dee1e-deay ahd --dee1e-a11eJ.
--dee1e-be1oJe
Reques1 1ha1 1he 11e-dee11ohs oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de be dohe
be1oJe 1he 1Jahs1eJ s1aJ1s. See --dee1e {wh1ch 1s 1mp1ed) 1oJ
moJe de1a1s oh 11e-dee11oh.
0ee11hg be1oJe 1he 1Jahs1eJ 1s hep1u 11 1he 11esys1em 1s
11gh1 1oJ space ahd Jemov1hg ex1Jaheous 11es woud hep 1o make
1he 1Jahs1eJ poss1be. howeveJ, 11 does 1h1Joduce a deay
be1oJe 1he s1aJ1 o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ, ahd 1h1s deay m1gh1 cause 1he
1Jahs1eJ 1o 11meou1 {11 --11meou1 was spec111ed). T1 aso
1oJces Jsyhc 1o use 1he od, hoh-1hcJemeh1a JecuJs1oh agoJ11hm
1ha1 Jequ1Jes Jsyhc 1o scah a 1he 11es 1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ 1h1o
memoJy a1 ohce {see --JecuJs1ve).
--dee1e-duJ1hg, --de
1hcJemeh1ay as 1he 1Jahs1eJ happehs. The peJ-d1Jec1oJy dee1e
scah 1s dohe J1gh1 be1oJe each d1Jec1oJy 1s checked 1oJ upda1es,
so 11 behaves 1ke a moJe e111c1eh1 --dee1e-be1oJe, 1hcud1hg
do1hg 1he dee11ohs pJ1oJ 1o ahy peJ-d1Jec1oJy 111eJ 11es
be1hg upda1ed. Th1s op11oh was 11Js1 added 1h Jsyhc veJs1oh
2.6.4. See --dee1e {wh1ch 1s 1mp1ed) 1oJ moJe de1a1s oh
11e-dee11oh.
--dee1e-deay
Reques1 1ha1 1he 11e-dee11ohs oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de be com-
pu1ed duJ1hg 1he 1Jahs1eJ {1ke --dee1e-duJ1hg), ahd 1heh
Jemoved a11eJ 1he 1Jahs1eJ compe1es. Th1s 1s use1u wheh com-
b1hed w11h --deay-upda1es ahd/oJ --1uzzy, ahd 1s moJe e111c1eh1
1hah us1hg --dee1e-a11eJ {bu1 cah behave d111eJeh1y, s1hce
--dee1e-a11eJ compu1es 1he dee11ohs 1h a sepaJa1e pass a11eJ
a upda1es aJe dohe). T1 1he humbeJ o1 Jemoved 11es oveJ1ows
ah 1h1eJha bu11eJ, a 1empoJaJy 11e w1 be cJea1ed oh 1he
Jece1v1hg s1de 1o hod 1he hames {11 1s Jemoved wh1e opeh, so
you shoudh1 see 11 duJ1hg 1he 1Jahs1eJ). T1 1he cJea11oh o1
1he 1empoJaJy 11e 1a1s, Jsyhc w1 1Jy 1o 1a back 1o us1hg
--dee1e-a11eJ {wh1ch 11 cahho1 do 11 --JecuJs1ve 1s do1hg ah
1hcJemeh1a scah). See --dee1e {wh1ch 1s 1mp1ed) 1oJ moJe
de1a1s oh 11e-dee11oh.
--dee1e-a11eJ
a11eJ 1he 1Jahs1eJ has compe1ed. Th1s 1s use1u 11 you aJe
sehd1hg hew peJ-d1Jec1oJy meJge 11es as a paJ1 o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ
ahd you wah1 1he1J excus1ohs 1o 1ake e11ec1 1oJ 1he dee1e
phase o1 1he cuJJeh1 1Jahs1eJ. T1 aso 1oJces Jsyhc 1o use 1he
od, hoh-1hcJemeh1a JecuJs1oh agoJ11hm 1ha1 Jequ1Jes Jsyhc 1o
scah a 1he 11es 1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ 1h1o memoJy a1 ohce {see
--JecuJs1ve). See --dee1e {wh1ch 1s 1mp1ed) 1oJ moJe de1a1s
oh 11e-dee11oh.
--dee1e-excuded
Th add111oh 1o dee11hg 1he 11es oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de 1ha1 aJe
ho1 oh 1he sehd1hg s1de, 1h1s 1es Jsyhc 1o aso dee1e ahy
11es oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de 1ha1 aJe excuded {see --excude).
See 1he FTLTER RbLES sec11oh 1oJ a way 1o make 1hd1v1dua excu-
s1ohs behave 1h1s way oh 1he Jece1veJ, ahd 1oJ a way 1o pJo1ec1
11es 1Jom --dee1e-excuded. See --dee1e {wh1ch 1s 1mp1ed)
1oJ moJe de1a1s oh 11e-dee11oh.
--1ghoJe-eJJoJs
Tes --dee1e 1o go ahead ahd dee1e 11es eveh wheh 1heJe aJe
T/0 eJJoJs.
--1oJce
Th1s op11oh 1es Jsyhc 1o dee1e a hoh-emp1y d1Jec1oJy wheh 11
1s 1o be Jepaced by a hoh-d1Jec1oJy. Th1s 1s ohy Jeevah1 11
dee11ohs aJe ho1 ac11ve {see --dee1e 1oJ de1a1s).
ho1e 1oJ odeJ Jsyhc veJs1ohs. --1oJce used 1o s11 be Jequ1Jed
wheh us1hg --dee1e-a11eJ, ahd 11 used 1o be hoh-1uhc11oha
uhess 1he --JecuJs1ve op11oh was aso ehabed.
--max-dee1e=hbh
Th1s 1es Jsyhc ho1 1o dee1e moJe 1hah hbh 11es oJ d1Jec1o-
J1es. T1 1ha1 1m11 1s exceeded, a waJh1hg 1s ou1pu1 ahd Jsyhc
ex11s w11h ah eJJoJ code o1 25 {hew 1oJ 3.0.0).
Aso hew 1oJ veJs1oh 3.0.0, you may spec11y --max-dee1e=0 1o be
waJhed abou1 ahy ex1Jaheous 11es 1h 1he des11ha11oh w11hou1
Jemov1hg ahy o1 1hem. 0deJ c1eh1s 1h1eJpJe1ed 1h1s as "uh1m-
11ed", so 11 you doh1 khow wha1 veJs1oh 1he c1eh1 1s, you cah
use 1he ess obv1ous --max-dee1e=-1 as a backwaJd-compa11be
way 1o spec11y 1ha1 ho dee11ohs be aowed {1hough odeJ veJ-
s1ohs d1dh1 waJh wheh 1he 1m11 was exceeded).
--max-s1ze=STZE
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o avo1d 1Jahs1eJJ1hg ahy 11e 1ha1 1s aJgeJ
1hah 1he spec111ed STZE. The STZE vaue cah be su111xed w11h a
s1J1hg 1o 1hd1ca1e a s1ze mu11p1eJ, ahd may be a 1Jac11oha
vaue {e.g. "--max-s1ze=1.5m").
The su111xes aJe as 1oows. "K" {oJ "K1B") 1s a k1b1by1e
{1024), "h" {oJ "h1B") 1s a meb1by1e {1024*1024), ahd "C" {oJ
"C1B") 1s a g1b1by1e {1024*1024*1024). T1 you wah1 1he mu11-
p1eJ 1o be 1000 1hs1ead o1 1024, use "KB", "hB", oJ "CB".
{ho1e. oweJ-case 1s aso accep1ed 1oJ a vaues.) F1hay, 11
1he su111x ehds 1h e11heJ "+1" oJ "-1", 1he vaue w1 be o11se1
by ohe by1e 1h 1he 1hd1ca1ed d1Jec11oh.
Exampes. --max-s1ze=1.5mb-1 1s 1499999 by1es, ahd
--max-s1ze=2g+1 1s 2147483649 by1es.
--m1h-s1ze=STZE
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o avo1d 1Jahs1eJJ1hg ahy 11e 1ha1 1s smaeJ
1hah 1he spec111ed STZE, wh1ch cah hep 1h ho1 1Jahs1eJJ1hg
sma, uhk 11es. See 1he --max-s1ze op11oh 1oJ a descJ1p11oh
o1 STZE ahd o1heJ 1h1oJma11oh.
-B, --bock-s1ze=BL0CKSTZE
Th1s 1oJces 1he bock s1ze used 1h Jsyhcs de1a-1Jahs1eJ ago-
J11hm 1o a 11xed vaue. T1 1s hoJmay seec1ed based oh 1he
s1ze o1 each 11e be1hg upda1ed. See 1he 1echh1ca JepoJ1 1oJ
de1a1s.
-e, --Jsh=C0hhAh0
Th1s op11oh aows you 1o choose ah a1eJha11ve Jemo1e she
pJogJam 1o use 1oJ commuh1ca11oh be1weeh 1he oca ahd Jemo1e
cop1es o1 Jsyhc. Typ1cay, Jsyhc 1s coh11guJed 1o use ssh by
de1au1, bu1 you may pJe1eJ 1o use Jsh oh a oca he1woJk.
T1 1h1s op11oh 1s used w11h |useJ_]hos1..modue/pa1h, 1heh 1he
Jemo1e she C0hhAh0 w1 be used 1o Juh ah Jsyhc daemoh oh 1he
Jemo1e hos1, ahd a da1a w1 be 1Jahsm111ed 1hJough 1ha1
Jemo1e she cohhec11oh, Ja1heJ 1hah 1hJough a d1Jec1 socke1
cohhec11oh 1o a Juhh1hg Jsyhc daemoh oh 1he Jemo1e hos1. See
1he sec11oh "bSThC RSYhC-0AEh0h FEATbRES vTA A REh0TE-ShELL C0h-
hECTT0h" above.
Commahd-1he aJgumeh1s aJe peJm111ed 1h C0hhAh0 pJov1ded 1ha1
C0hhAh0 1s pJeseh1ed 1o Jsyhc as a s1hge aJgumeh1. You mus1
use spaces {ho1 1abs oJ o1heJ wh11espace) 1o sepaJa1e 1he com-
mahd ahd aJgs 1Jom each o1heJ, ahd you cah use s1hge- ahd/oJ
doube-quo1es 1o pJeseJve spaces 1h ah aJgumeh1 {bu1 ho1 back-
sashes). ho1e 1ha1 doub1hg a s1hge-quo1e 1hs1de a s1h-
ge-quo1ed s1J1hg g1ves you a s1hge-quo1e, 1kew1se 1oJ dou-
be-quo1es {1hough you heed 1o pay a11eh11oh 1o wh1ch quo1es
youJ she 1s paJs1hg ahd wh1ch quo1es Jsyhc 1s paJs1hg). Some
exampes.
-e `ssh -p 2234`
-e `ssh -o "PJoxyCommahd hohup ssh 11Jewa hc -w1 h p"`
{ho1e 1ha1 ssh useJs cah a1eJha1ey cus1om1ze s11e-spec111c
cohhec1 op11ohs 1h 1he1J .ssh/coh11g 11e.)
You cah aso choose 1he Jemo1e she pJogJam us1hg 1he RSYhC_RSh
ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abe, wh1ch accep1s 1he same Jahge o1 vaues as
-e.
See aso 1he --bock1hg-1o op11oh wh1ch 1s a11ec1ed by 1h1s
op11oh.
--Jsyhc-pa1h=PR0CRAh
bse 1h1s 1o spec11y wha1 pJogJam 1s 1o be Juh oh 1he Jemo1e
mach1he 1o s1aJ1-up Jsyhc. 011eh used wheh Jsyhc 1s ho1 1h 1he
de1au1 Jemo1e-shes pa1h {e.g.
--Jsyhc-pa1h=/usJ/oca/b1h/Jsyhc). ho1e 1ha1 PR0CRAh 1s Juh
w11h 1he hep o1 a she, so 11 cah be ahy pJogJam, scJ1p1, oJ
commahd sequehce youd caJe 1o Juh, so ohg as 11 does ho1 coJ-
Jup1 1he s1ahdaJd-1h & s1ahdaJd-ou1 1ha1 Jsyhc 1s us1hg 1o com-
muh1ca1e.
0he 1J1cky exampe 1s 1o se1 a d111eJeh1 de1au1 d1Jec1oJy oh
1he Jemo1e mach1he 1oJ use w11h 1he --Jea11ve op11oh. FoJ
1hs1ahce.
Jsyhc -avR --Jsyhc-pa1h="cd /a/b && Jsyhc" hos1.c/d /e/
-C, --cvs-excude
Th1s 1s a use1u shoJ1hahd 1oJ excud1hg a bJoad Jahge o1 11es
1ha1 you o11eh doh1 wah1 1o 1Jahs1eJ be1weeh sys1ems. T1 uses a
s1m1aJ agoJ11hm 1o CvS 1o de1eJm1he 11 a 11e shoud be
1ghoJed.
The excude 1s1 1s 1h111a1zed 1o excude 1he 1oow1hg 11ems
{1hese 1h111a 11ems aJe maJked as peJ1shabe -- see 1he FTLTER
RbLES sec11oh).
RCS SCCS CvS CvS.adm RCSL0C cvsog.* 1ags TACS
.make.s1a1e .hse_dep1h1o *- #* .#* ,* _$* *$ *.od *.bak
*.BAK *.oJ1g *.Je .de-* *.a *.ob *.o *.ob *.so *.exe
*.Z *.ec *.h coJe .svh/ .g11/ .hg/ .bzJ/
1heh, 11es 1s1ed 1h a $h0hE/.cvs1ghoJe aJe added 1o 1he 1s1
ahd ahy 11es 1s1ed 1h 1he CvSTCh0RE ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abe {a
cvs1ghoJe hames aJe de1m11ed by wh11espace).
F1hay, ahy 11e 1s 1ghoJed 11 11 1s 1h 1he same d1Jec1oJy as a
.cvs1ghoJe 11e ahd ma1ches ohe o1 1he pa11eJhs 1s1ed 1heJe1h.
bh1ke Jsyhcs 111eJ/excude 11es, 1hese pa11eJhs aJe sp11 oh
wh11espace. See 1he cvs{1) mahua 1oJ moJe 1h1oJma11oh.
T1 youJe comb1h1hg -C w11h youJ owh --111eJ Jues, you shoud
ho1e 1ha1 1hese CvS excudes aJe appehded a1 1he ehd o1 youJ owh
Jues, JegaJdess o1 wheJe 1he -C was paced oh 1he com-
mahd-1he. Th1s makes 1hem a oweJ pJ1oJ11y 1hah ahy Jues you
spec111ed exp1c11y. T1 you wah1 1o coh1Jo wheJe 1hese CvS
excudes ge1 1hseJ1ed 1h1o youJ 111eJ Jues, you shoud om11
1he -C as a commahd-1he op11oh ahd use a comb1ha11oh o1 --11-
1eJ=.C ahd --111eJ=-C {e11heJ oh youJ commahd-1he oJ by
pu111hg 1he ".C" ahd "-C" Jues 1h1o a 111eJ 11e w11h youJ
o1heJ Jues). The 11Js1 op11oh 1uJhs oh 1he peJ-d1Jec1oJy scah-
h1hg 1oJ 1he .cvs1ghoJe 11e. The secohd op11oh does a ohe-11me
1mpoJ1 o1 1he CvS excudes meh11ohed above.
-1, --111eJ=RbLE
Th1s op11oh aows you 1o add Jues 1o seec11vey excude ceJ-
1a1h 11es 1Jom 1he 1s1 o1 11es 1o be 1Jahs1eJJed. Th1s 1s
mos1 use1u 1h comb1ha11oh w11h a JecuJs1ve 1Jahs1eJ.
You may use as mahy --111eJ op11ohs oh 1he commahd 1he as you
1ke 1o bu1d up 1he 1s1 o1 11es 1o excude. T1 1he 111eJ
coh1a1hs wh11espace, be suJe 1o quo1e 11 so 1ha1 1he she g1ves
1he Jue 1o Jsyhc as a s1hge aJgumeh1. The 1ex1 beow aso
meh11ohs 1ha1 you cah use ah uhdeJscoJe 1o Jepace 1he space
1ha1 sepaJa1es a Jue 1Jom 11s aJg.
See 1he FTLTER RbLES sec11oh 1oJ de1a1ed 1h1oJma11oh oh 1h1s
op11oh.
-F The -F op11oh 1s a shoJ1hahd 1oJ add1hg 1wo --111eJ Jues 1o
youJ commahd. The 11Js1 11me 11 1s used 1s a shoJ1hahd 1oJ 1h1s
Jue.
--111eJ=`d1J-meJge /.Jsyhc-111eJ`
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o ook 1oJ peJ-d1Jec1oJy .Jsyhc-111eJ 11es
1ha1 have beeh spJ1hked 1hJough 1he h1eJaJchy ahd use 1he1J
Jues 1o 111eJ 1he 11es 1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ. T1 -F 1s Jepea1ed,
11 1s a shoJ1hahd 1oJ 1h1s Jue.
--111eJ=`excude .Jsyhc-111eJ`
Th1s 111eJs ou1 1he .Jsyhc-111eJ 11es 1hemseves 1Jom 1he
1Jahs1eJ.
See 1he FTLTER RbLES sec11oh 1oJ de1a1ed 1h1oJma11oh oh how
1hese op11ohs woJk.
--excude=PATTERh
Th1s op11oh 1s a s1mp111ed 1oJm o1 1he --111eJ op11oh 1ha1
de1au1s 1o ah excude Jue ahd does ho1 aow 1he 1u
Jue-paJs1hg syh1ax o1 hoJma 111eJ Jues.
op11oh.
--excude-1Jom=FTLE
Th1s op11oh 1s Jea1ed 1o 1he --excude op11oh, bu1 11 spec111es
a FTLE 1ha1 coh1a1hs excude pa11eJhs {ohe peJ 1he). Bahk
1hes 1h 1he 11e ahd 1hes s1aJ11hg w11h , oJ # aJe
1ghoJed. T1 FTLE 1s -, 1he 1s1 w1 be Jead 1Jom s1ahdaJd
1hpu1.
--1hcude=PATTERh
Th1s op11oh 1s a s1mp111ed 1oJm o1 1he --111eJ op11oh 1ha1
de1au1s 1o ah 1hcude Jue ahd does ho1 aow 1he 1u
Jue-paJs1hg syh1ax o1 hoJma 111eJ Jues.
op11oh.
--1hcude-1Jom=FTLE
Th1s op11oh 1s Jea1ed 1o 1he --1hcude op11oh, bu1 11 spec111es
a FTLE 1ha1 coh1a1hs 1hcude pa11eJhs {ohe peJ 1he). Bahk
1hes 1h 1he 11e ahd 1hes s1aJ11hg w11h , oJ # aJe
1ghoJed. T1 FTLE 1s -, 1he 1s1 w1 be Jead 1Jom s1ahdaJd
1hpu1.
--11es-1Jom=FTLE
bs1hg 1h1s op11oh aows you 1o spec11y 1he exac1 1s1 o1 11es
1o 1Jahs1eJ {as Jead 1Jom 1he spec111ed FTLE oJ - 1oJ s1ahdaJd
1hpu1). T1 aso 1weaks 1he de1au1 behav1oJ o1 Jsyhc 1o make
1Jahs1eJJ1hg us1 1he spec111ed 11es ahd d1Jec1oJ1es eas1eJ.
o The --Jea11ve {-R) op11oh 1s 1mp1ed, wh1ch pJeseJves
1he pa1h 1h1oJma11oh 1ha1 1s spec111ed 1oJ each 11em 1h
1he 11e {use --ho-Jea11ve oJ --ho-R 11 you wah1 1o 1uJh
1ha1 o11).
o The --d1Js {-d) op11oh 1s 1mp1ed, wh1ch w1 cJea1e
d1Jec1oJ1es spec111ed 1h 1he 1s1 oh 1he des11ha11oh
Ja1heJ 1hah ho1s1y sk1pp1hg 1hem {use --ho-d1Js oJ
--ho-d 11 you wah1 1o 1uJh 1ha1 o11).
o The --aJch1ve {-a) op11ohs behav1oJ does ho1 1mpy
--JecuJs1ve {-J), so spec11y 11 exp1c11y, 11 you wah1
11.
o These s1de-e11ec1s chahge 1he de1au1 s1a1e o1 Jsyhc, so
1he pos111oh o1 1he --11es-1Jom op11oh oh 1he com-
mahd-1he has ho beaJ1hg oh how o1heJ op11ohs aJe paJsed
{e.g. -a woJks 1he same be1oJe oJ a11eJ --11es-1Jom, as
does --ho-R ahd a o1heJ op11ohs).
The 11ehames 1ha1 aJe Jead 1Jom 1he FTLE aJe a Jea11ve 1o
1he souJce d1J -- ahy ead1hg sashes aJe Jemoved ahd ho ".."
Je1eJehces aJe aowed 1o go h1gheJ 1hah 1he souJce d1J. FoJ
exampe, 1ake 1h1s commahd.
Jsyhc -a --11es-1Jom=/1mp/1oo /usJ Jemo1e./backup
T1 /1mp/1oo coh1a1hs 1he s1J1hg "b1h" {oJ eveh "/b1h"), 1he
/usJ/b1h d1Jec1oJy w1 be cJea1ed as /backup/b1h oh 1he Jemo1e
hos1. T1 11 coh1a1hs "b1h/" {ho1e 1he 1Ja11hg sash), 1he
1mmed1a1e coh1eh1s o1 1he d1Jec1oJy woud aso be seh1 {w11hou1
heed1hg 1o be exp1c11y meh11ohed 1h 1he 11e -- 1h1s begah 1h
veJs1oh 2.6.4). Th bo1h cases, 11 1he -J op11oh was ehabed,
1ha1 d1Js eh11Je h1eJaJchy woud aso be 1Jahs1eJJed {keep 1h
m1hd 1ha1 -J heeds 1o be spec111ed exp1c11y w11h --11es-1Jom,
s1hce 11 1s ho1 1mp1ed by -a). Aso ho1e 1ha1 1he e11ec1 o1
1he {ehabed by de1au1) --Jea11ve op11oh 1s 1o dup1ca1e ohy
1he pa1h 1h1o 1ha1 1s Jead 1Jom 1he 11e -- 11 does ho1 1oJce
1he dup1ca11oh o1 1he souJce-spec pa1h {/usJ 1h 1h1s case).
Th add111oh, 1he --11es-1Jom 11e cah be Jead 1Jom 1he Jemo1e
hos1 1hs1ead o1 1he oca hos1 11 you spec11y a "hos1." 1h 1Joh1
o1 1he 11e {1he hos1 mus1 ma1ch ohe ehd o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ). As a
shoJ1-cu1, you cah spec11y us1 a pJe11x o1 "." 1o meah "use 1he
Jemo1e ehd o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ". FoJ exampe.
Jsyhc -a --11es-1Jom=./pa1h/11e-1s1 sJc./ /1mp/copy
Th1s woud copy a 1he 11es spec111ed 1h 1he /pa1h/11e-1s1
11e 1ha1 was oca1ed oh 1he Jemo1e "sJc" hos1.
T1 1he --1cohv ahd --pJo1ec1-aJgs op11ohs aJe spec111ed ahd 1he
--11es-1Jom 11ehames aJe be1hg seh1 1Jom ohe hos1 1o aho1heJ,
1he 11ehames w1 be 1Jahsa1ed 1Jom 1he sehd1hg hos1s chaJse1
1o 1he Jece1v1hg hos1s chaJse1.
h0TE. soJ11hg 1he 1s1 o1 11es 1h 1he --11es-1Jom 1hpu1 heps
Jsyhc 1o be moJe e111c1eh1, as 11 w1 avo1d Je-v1s111hg 1he
pa1h eemeh1s 1ha1 aJe shaJed be1weeh adaceh1 eh1J1es. T1 1he
1hpu1 1s ho1 soJ1ed, some pa1h eemeh1s {1mp1ed d1Jec1oJ1es)
may ehd up be1hg scahhed mu11pe 11mes, ahd Jsyhc w1 eveh1u-
ay uhdup1ca1e 1hem a11eJ 1hey ge1 1uJhed 1h1o 11e-1s1 ee-
meh1s.
-0, --1Jom0
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1ha1 1he Jues/11ehames 11 Jeads 1Jom a 11e
aJe 1eJm1ha1ed by a hu {\0) chaJac1eJ, ho1 a hL, CR, oJ
CR+LF. Th1s a11ec1s --excude-1Jom, --1hcude-1Jom,
--11es-1Jom, ahd ahy meJged 11es spec111ed 1h a --111eJ Jue.
T1 does ho1 a11ec1 --cvs-excude {s1hce a hames Jead 1Jom a
.cvs1ghoJe 11e aJe sp11 oh wh11espace).
-s, --pJo1ec1-aJgs
Th1s op11oh sehds a 11ehames ahd mos1 op11ohs 1o 1he Jemo1e
Jsyhc w11hou1 aow1hg 1he Jemo1e she 1o 1h1eJpJe1 1hem. Th1s
meahs 1ha1 spaces aJe ho1 sp11 1h hames, ahd ahy hoh-w1dcaJd
spec1a chaJac1eJs aJe ho1 1Jahsa1ed {such as -, $, ,, &,
e1c.). W1dcaJds aJe expahded oh 1he Jemo1e hos1 by Jsyhc
{1hs1ead o1 1he she do1hg 11).
T1 you use 1h1s op11oh w11h --1cohv, 1he aJgs Jea1ed 1o 1he
Jemo1e s1de w1 aso be 1Jahsa1ed 1Jom 1he oca 1o 1he Jemo1e
chaJac1eJ-se1. The 1Jahsa11oh happehs be1oJe w1d-caJds aJe
expahded. See aso 1he --11es-1Jom op11oh.
-T, --1emp-d1J=0TR
Th1s op11oh 1hs1Juc1s Jsyhc 1o use 0TR as a scJa1ch d1Jec1oJy
wheh cJea11hg 1empoJaJy cop1es o1 1he 11es 1Jahs1eJJed oh 1he
Jece1v1hg s1de. The de1au1 behav1oJ 1s 1o cJea1e each 1empo-
JaJy 11e 1h 1he same d1Jec1oJy as 1he assoc1a1ed des11ha11oh
11e.
Th1s op11oh 1s mos1 o11eh used wheh 1he Jece1v1hg d1sk paJ1111oh
does ho1 have ehough 1Jee space 1o hod a copy o1 1he aJges1
11e 1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ. Th 1h1s case {1.e. wheh 1he scJa1ch
d1Jec1oJy 1s oh a d111eJeh1 d1sk paJ1111oh), Jsyhc w1 ho1 be
abe 1o Jehame each Jece1ved 1empoJaJy 11e oveJ 1he 1op o1 1he
assoc1a1ed des11ha11oh 11e, bu1 1hs1ead mus1 copy 11 1h1o
pace. Rsyhc does 1h1s by copy1hg 1he 11e oveJ 1he 1op o1 1he
des11ha11oh 11e, wh1ch meahs 1ha1 1he des11ha11oh 11e w1
coh1a1h 1Juhca1ed da1a duJ1hg 1h1s copy. T1 1h1s weJe ho1 dohe
1h1s way {eveh 11 1he des11ha11oh 11e weJe 11Js1 Jemoved, 1he
da1a ocay cop1ed 1o a 1empoJaJy 11e 1h 1he des11ha11oh
d1Jec1oJy, ahd 1heh Jehamed 1h1o pace) 11 woud be poss1be 1oJ
1he od 11e 1o coh11hue 1ak1hg up d1sk space {11 someohe had 11
opeh), ahd 1hus 1heJe m1gh1 ho1 be ehough Joom 1o 111 1he hew
veJs1oh oh 1he d1sk a1 1he same 11me.
T1 you aJe us1hg 1h1s op11oh 1oJ Jeasohs o1heJ 1hah a shoJ1age
o1 d1sk space, you may w1sh 1o comb1he 11 w11h 1he
--deay-upda1es op11oh, wh1ch w1 ehsuJe 1ha1 a cop1ed 11es
ge1 pu1 1h1o subd1Jec1oJ1es 1h 1he des11ha11oh h1eJaJchy, awa11-
1hg 1he ehd o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ. T1 you doh1 have ehough Joom 1o
dup1ca1e a 1he aJJ1v1hg 11es oh 1he des11ha11oh paJ1111oh,
aho1heJ way 1o 1e Jsyhc 1ha1 you aJeh1 oveJy cohceJhed abou1
d1sk space 1s 1o use 1he --paJ11a-d1J op11oh w11h a Jea11ve
pa1h, because 1h1s 1es Jsyhc 1ha1 11 1s 0K 1o s1ash o11 a copy
o1 a s1hge 11e 1h a subd1J 1h 1he des11ha11oh h1eJaJchy, Jsyhc
w1 use 1he paJ11a-d1J as a s1ag1hg aJea 1o bJ1hg oveJ 1he
cop1ed 11e, ahd 1heh Jehame 11 1h1o pace 1Jom 1heJe. {Spec11y-
1hg a --paJ11a-d1J w11h ah absou1e pa1h does ho1 have 1h1s
s1de-e11ec1.)
-y, --1uzzy
Th1s op11oh 1es Jsyhc 1ha1 11 shoud ook 1oJ a bas1s 11e 1oJ
ahy des11ha11oh 11e 1ha1 1s m1ss1hg. The cuJJeh1 agoJ11hm
ooks 1h 1he same d1Jec1oJy as 1he des11ha11oh 11e 1oJ e11heJ a
11e 1ha1 has ah 1deh11ca s1ze ahd mod111ed-11me, oJ a s1m1-
aJy-hamed 11e. T1 1ouhd, Jsyhc uses 1he 1uzzy bas1s 11e 1o
1Jy 1o speed up 1he 1Jahs1eJ.
ho1e 1ha1 1he use o1 1he --dee1e op11oh m1gh1 ge1 J1d o1 ahy
po1eh11a 1uzzy-ma1ch 11es, so e11heJ use --dee1e-a11eJ oJ
spec11y some 11ehame excus1ohs 11 you heed 1o pJeveh1 1h1s.
--compaJe-des1=0TR
Th1s op11oh 1hs1Juc1s Jsyhc 1o use 0TR oh 1he des11ha11oh
mach1he as ah add111oha h1eJaJchy 1o compaJe des11ha11oh 11es
aga1hs1 do1hg 1Jahs1eJs {11 1he 11es aJe m1ss1hg 1h 1he des11-
ha11oh d1Jec1oJy). T1 a 11e 1s 1ouhd 1h 0TR 1ha1 1s 1deh11ca
1o 1he sehdeJs 11e, 1he 11e w1 h0T be 1Jahs1eJJed 1o 1he
des11ha11oh d1Jec1oJy. Th1s 1s use1u 1oJ cJea11hg a spaJse
backup o1 us1 11es 1ha1 have chahged 1Jom ah eaJ1eJ backup.
Beg1hh1hg 1h veJs1oh 2.6.4, mu11pe --compaJe-des1 d1Jec1oJ1es
may be pJov1ded, wh1ch w1 cause Jsyhc 1o seaJch 1he 1s1 1h
1he oJdeJ spec111ed 1oJ ah exac1 ma1ch. T1 a ma1ch 1s 1ouhd
1ha1 d111eJs ohy 1h a11J1bu1es, a oca copy 1s made ahd 1he
a11J1bu1es upda1ed. T1 a ma1ch 1s ho1 1ouhd, a bas1s 11e 1Jom
ohe o1 1he 0TRs w1 be seec1ed 1o 1Jy 1o speed up 1he 1Jahs-
1eJ.
T1 0TR 1s a Jea11ve pa1h, 11 1s Jea11ve 1o 1he des11ha11oh
d1Jec1oJy. See aso --copy-des1 ahd --1hk-des1.
--copy-des1=0TR
Th1s op11oh behaves 1ke --compaJe-des1, bu1 Jsyhc w1 aso
copy uhchahged 11es 1ouhd 1h 0TR 1o 1he des11ha11oh d1Jec1oJy
us1hg a oca copy. Th1s 1s use1u 1oJ do1hg 1Jahs1eJs 1o a hew
des11ha11oh wh1e eav1hg ex1s11hg 11es 1h1ac1, ahd 1heh do1hg
a 1ash-cu1oveJ wheh a 11es have beeh success1uy 1Jahs-
1eJJed.
hu11pe --copy-des1 d1Jec1oJ1es may be pJov1ded, wh1ch w1
cause Jsyhc 1o seaJch 1he 1s1 1h 1he oJdeJ spec111ed 1oJ ah
uhchahged 11e. T1 a ma1ch 1s ho1 1ouhd, a bas1s 11e 1Jom ohe
o1 1he 0TRs w1 be seec1ed 1o 1Jy 1o speed up 1he 1Jahs1eJ.
d1Jec1oJy. See aso --compaJe-des1 ahd --1hk-des1.
--1hk-des1=0TR
Th1s op11oh behaves 1ke --copy-des1, bu1 uhchahged 11es aJe
haJd 1hked 1Jom 0TR 1o 1he des11ha11oh d1Jec1oJy. The 11es
mus1 be 1deh11ca 1h a pJeseJved a11J1bu1es {e.g. peJm1ss1ohs,
poss1by owheJsh1p) 1h oJdeJ 1oJ 1he 11es 1o be 1hked
1oge1heJ. Ah exampe.
Jsyhc -av --1hk-des1=$PW0/pJ1oJ_d1J hos1.sJc_d1J/ hew_d1J/
T1 11es aJeh1 1hk1hg, doube-check 1he1J a11J1bu1es. Aso
check 11 some a11J1bu1es aJe ge111hg 1oJced ou1s1de o1 Jsyhcs
coh1Jo, such a mouh1 op11oh 1ha1 squ1shes Joo1 1o a s1hge
useJ, oJ mouh1s a Jemovabe dJ1ve w11h geheJ1c owheJsh1p {such
as 0S Xs "TghoJe owheJsh1p oh 1h1s voume" op11oh).
Beg1hh1hg 1h veJs1oh 2.6.4, mu11pe --1hk-des1 d1Jec1oJ1es may
be pJov1ded, wh1ch w1 cause Jsyhc 1o seaJch 1he 1s1 1h 1he
oJdeJ spec111ed 1oJ ah exac1 ma1ch. T1 a ma1ch 1s 1ouhd 1ha1
d111eJs ohy 1h a11J1bu1es, a oca copy 1s made ahd 1he
a11J1bu1es upda1ed. T1 a ma1ch 1s ho1 1ouhd, a bas1s 11e 1Jom
ohe o1 1he 0TRs w1 be seec1ed 1o 1Jy 1o speed up 1he 1Jahs-
1eJ.
Th1s op11oh woJks bes1 wheh copy1hg 1h1o ah emp1y des11ha11oh
h1eJaJchy, as Jsyhc 1Jea1s ex1s11hg 11es as de11h111ve {so 11
heveJ ooks 1h 1he 1hk-des1 d1Js wheh a des11ha11oh 11e
aJeady ex1s1s), ahd as maeabe {so 11 m1gh1 chahge 1he
a11J1bu1es o1 a des11ha11oh 11e, wh1ch a11ec1s a 1he
haJd-1hked veJs1ohs).
ho1e 1ha1 11 you comb1he 1h1s op11oh w11h --1ghoJe-11mes, Jsyhc
w1 ho1 1hk ahy 11es 1oge1heJ because 11 ohy 1hks 1deh11ca
11es 1oge1heJ as a subs111u1e 1oJ 1Jahs1eJJ1hg 1he 11e, heveJ
as ah add111oha check a11eJ 1he 11e 1s upda1ed.
d1Jec1oJy. See aso --compaJe-des1 ahd --copy-des1.
ho1e 1ha1 Jsyhc veJs1ohs pJ1oJ 1o 2.6.1 had a bug 1ha1 coud
pJeveh1 --1hk-des1 1Jom woJk1hg pJopeJy 1oJ a hoh-supeJ-useJ
wheh -o was spec111ed {oJ 1mp1ed by -a). You cah woJk-aJouhd
1h1s bug by avo1d1hg 1he -o op11oh wheh sehd1hg 1o ah od Jsyhc.
-z, --compJess
W11h 1h1s op11oh, Jsyhc compJesses 1he 11e da1a as 11 1s seh1
1o 1he des11ha11oh mach1he, wh1ch Jeduces 1he amouh1 o1 da1a
be1hg 1Jahsm111ed -- some1h1hg 1ha1 1s use1u oveJ a sow coh-
hec11oh.
ho1e 1ha1 1h1s op11oh 1yp1cay ach1eves be11eJ compJess1oh
Ja11os 1hah cah be ach1eved by us1hg a compJess1hg Jemo1e she
oJ a compJess1hg 1JahspoJ1 because 11 1akes advah1age o1 1he
1mp1c11 1h1oJma11oh 1h 1he ma1ch1hg da1a bocks 1ha1 aJe ho1
exp1c11y seh1 oveJ 1he cohhec11oh.
See 1he --sk1p-compJess op11oh 1oJ 1he de1au1 1s1 o1 11e su1-
11xes 1ha1 w1 ho1 be compJessed.
--compJess-eve=hbh
Exp1c11y se1 1he compJess1oh eve 1o use {see --compJess)
1hs1ead o1 e111hg 11 de1au1. T1 hbh 1s hoh-zeJo, 1he --com-
pJess op11oh 1s 1mp1ed.
--sk1p-compJess=LTST
0veJJ1de 1he 1s1 o1 11e su111xes 1ha1 w1 ho1 be compJessed.
The LTST shoud be ohe oJ moJe 11e su111xes {w11hou1 1he do1)
sepaJa1ed by sashes {/).
You may spec11y ah emp1y s1J1hg 1o 1hd1ca1e 1ha1 ho 11e shoud
be sk1pped.
S1mpe chaJac1eJ-cass ma1ch1hg 1s suppoJ1ed. each mus1 cohs1s1
o1 a 1s1 o1 e11eJs 1hs1de 1he squaJe bJacke1s {e.g. ho spec1a
casses, such as "|.apha.]", aJe suppoJ1ed, ahd - has ho spe-
c1a meah1hg).
The chaJac1eJs as1eJ1sk {*) ahd ques11oh-maJk {?) have ho spe-
c1a meah1hg.
heJes ah exampe 1ha1 spec111es 6 su111xes 1o sk1p {s1hce 1 o1
1he 5 Jues ma1ches 2 su111xes).
--sk1p-compJess=gz/pg/mp|34]/7z/bz2
The de1au1 1s1 o1 su111xes 1ha1 w1 ho1 be compJessed 1s 1h1s
{1h 1h1s veJs1oh o1 Jsyhc).
7z av1 bz2 deb gz 1so peg pg mov mp3 mp4 ogg Jpm 1bz 1gz z z1p
Th1s 1s1 w1 be Jepaced by youJ --sk1p-compJess 1s1 1h a
bu1 ohe s11ua11oh. a copy 1Jom a daemoh Jsyhc w1 add youJ
sk1pped su111xes 1o 11s 1s1 o1 hoh-compJess1hg 11es {ahd 11s
1s1 may be coh11guJed 1o a d111eJeh1 de1au1).
--humeJ1c-1ds
W11h 1h1s op11oh Jsyhc w1 1Jahs1eJ humeJ1c gJoup ahd useJ T0s
Ja1heJ 1hah us1hg useJ ahd gJoup hames ahd mapp1hg 1hem a1 bo1h
ehds.
By de1au1 Jsyhc w1 use 1he useJhame ahd gJouphame 1o de1eJ-
m1he wha1 owheJsh1p 1o g1ve 11es. The spec1a u1d 0 ahd 1he
spec1a gJoup 0 aJe heveJ mapped v1a useJ/gJoup hames eveh 11
1he --humeJ1c-1ds op11oh 1s ho1 spec111ed.
T1 a useJ oJ gJoup has ho hame oh 1he souJce sys1em oJ 11 has ho
ma1ch oh 1he des11ha11oh sys1em, 1heh 1he humeJ1c T0 1Jom 1he
souJce sys1em 1s used 1hs1ead. See aso 1he commeh1s oh 1he
"use chJoo1" se111hg 1h 1he Jsyhcd.coh1 mahpage 1oJ 1h1oJma11oh
oh how 1he chJoo1 se111hg a11ec1s Jsyhcs ab111y 1o ook up 1he
hames o1 1he useJs ahd gJoups ahd wha1 you cah do abou1 11.
--11meou1=TThE0bT
Th1s op11oh aows you 1o se1 a max1mum T/0 11meou1 1h secohds.
T1 ho da1a 1s 1Jahs1eJJed 1oJ 1he spec111ed 11me 1heh Jsyhc w1
ex11. The de1au1 1s 0, wh1ch meahs ho 11meou1.
--coh11meou1
Th1s op11oh aows you 1o se1 1he amouh1 o1 11me 1ha1 Jsyhc w1
wa11 1oJ 11s cohhec11oh 1o ah Jsyhc daemoh 1o succeed. T1 1he
11meou1 1s Jeached, Jsyhc ex11s w11h ah eJJoJ.
--addJess
By de1au1 Jsyhc w1 b1hd 1o 1he w1dcaJd addJess wheh cohhec1-
1hg 1o ah Jsyhc daemoh. The --addJess op11oh aows you 1o
spec11y a spec111c TP addJess {oJ hos1hame) 1o b1hd 1o. See
aso 1h1s op11oh 1h 1he --daemoh mode sec11oh.
--poJ1=P0RT
Th1s spec111es ah a1eJha1e TCP poJ1 humbeJ 1o use Ja1heJ 1hah
1he de1au1 o1 873. Th1s 1s ohy heeded 11 you aJe us1hg 1he
doube-cooh {..) syh1ax 1o cohhec1 w11h ah Jsyhc daemoh {s1hce
1he bRL syh1ax has a way 1o spec11y 1he poJ1 as a paJ1 o1 1he
bRL). See aso 1h1s op11oh 1h 1he --daemoh mode sec11oh.
--sockop1s
Th1s op11oh cah pJov1de ehdess 1uh 1oJ peope who 1ke 1o 1uhe
1he1J sys1ems 1o 1he u1mos1 degJee. You cah se1 a soJ1s o1
socke1 op11ohs wh1ch may make 1Jahs1eJs 1as1eJ {oJ soweJ!).
Read 1he mah page 1oJ 1he se1sockop1{) sys1em ca 1oJ de1a1s
oh some o1 1he op11ohs you may be abe 1o se1. By de1au1 ho
spec1a socke1 op11ohs aJe se1. Th1s ohy a11ec1s d1Jec1 socke1
cohhec11ohs 1o a Jemo1e Jsyhc daemoh. Th1s op11oh aso ex1s1s
1h 1he --daemoh mode sec11oh.
--bock1hg-1o
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o use bock1hg T/0 wheh auhch1hg a Jemo1e
she 1JahspoJ1. T1 1he Jemo1e she 1s e11heJ Jsh oJ Jemsh,
Jsyhc de1au1s 1o us1hg bock1hg T/0, o1heJw1se 11 de1au1s 1o
us1hg hoh-bock1hg T/0. {ho1e 1ha1 ssh pJe1eJs hoh-bock1hg
T/0.)
-1, --11em1ze-chahges
Reques1s a s1mpe 11em1zed 1s1 o1 1he chahges 1ha1 aJe be1hg
made 1o each 11e, 1hcud1hg a11J1bu1e chahges. Th1s 1s exac1y
1he same as spec11y1hg --ou1-1oJma1=`1 hL`. T1 you Jepea1
1he op11oh, uhchahged 11es w1 aso be ou1pu1, bu1 ohy 11 1he
Jece1v1hg Jsyhc 1s a1 eas1 veJs1oh 2.6.7 {you cah use -vv w11h
odeJ veJs1ohs o1 Jsyhc, bu1 1ha1 aso 1uJhs oh 1he ou1pu1 o1
o1heJ veJbose messages).
The "1" escape has a cJyp11c ou1pu1 1ha1 1s 11 e11eJs ohg.
The geheJa 1oJma1 1s 1ke 1he s1J1hg YXcs1poguax, wheJe Y 1s
Jepaced by 1he 1ype o1 upda1e be1hg dohe, X 1s Jepaced by 1he
11e-1ype, ahd 1he o1heJ e11eJs JepJeseh1 a11J1bu1es 1ha1 may
be ou1pu1 11 1hey aJe be1hg mod111ed.
The upda1e 1ypes 1ha1 Jepace 1he Y aJe as 1oows.
o A < meahs 1ha1 a 11e 1s be1hg 1Jahs1eJJed 1o 1he Jemo1e
hos1 {seh1).
o A > meahs 1ha1 a 11e 1s be1hg 1Jahs1eJJed 1o 1he oca
hos1 {Jece1ved).
o A c meahs 1ha1 a oca chahge/cJea11oh 1s occuJJ1hg 1oJ
1he 11em {such as 1he cJea11oh o1 a d1Jec1oJy oJ 1he
chahg1hg o1 a sym1hk, e1c.).
o A h meahs 1ha1 1he 11em 1s a haJd 1hk 1o aho1heJ 11em
{Jequ1Jes --haJd-1hks).
o A . meahs 1ha1 1he 11em 1s ho1 be1hg upda1ed {1hough 11
m1gh1 have a11J1bu1es 1ha1 aJe be1hg mod111ed).
o A * meahs 1ha1 1he Jes1 o1 1he 11em1zed-ou1pu1 aJea coh-
1a1hs a message {e.g. "dee11hg").
The 11e-1ypes 1ha1 Jepace 1he X aJe. 1 1oJ a 11e, a d 1oJ a
d1Jec1oJy, ah L 1oJ a sym1hk, a 0 1oJ a dev1ce, ahd a S 1oJ a
spec1a 11e {e.g. hamed socke1s ahd 111os).
The o1heJ e11eJs 1h 1he s1J1hg above aJe 1he ac1ua e11eJs
1ha1 w1 be ou1pu1 11 1he assoc1a1ed a11J1bu1e 1oJ 1he 11em 1s
be1hg upda1ed oJ a "." 1oJ ho chahge. ThJee excep11ohs 1o 1h1s
aJe. {1) a hewy cJea1ed 11em Jepaces each e11eJ w11h a "+",
{2) ah 1deh11ca 11em Jepaces 1he do1s w11h spaces, ahd {3) ah
uhkhowh a11J1bu1e Jepaces each e11eJ w11h a "?" {1h1s cah hap-
peh wheh 1ak1hg 1o ah odeJ Jsyhc).
The a11J1bu1e 1ha1 1s assoc1a1ed w11h each e11eJ 1s as 1oows.
o A c meahs e11heJ 1ha1 a JeguaJ 11e has a d111eJeh1
checksum {Jequ1Jes --checksum) oJ 1ha1 a sym1hk, dev1ce,
oJ spec1a 11e has a chahged vaue. ho1e 1ha1 11 you
aJe sehd1hg 11es 1o ah Jsyhc pJ1oJ 1o 3.0.1, 1h1s chahge
1ag w1 be pJeseh1 ohy 1oJ checksum-d111eJ1hg JeguaJ
11es.
o A s meahs 1he s1ze o1 a JeguaJ 11e 1s d111eJeh1 ahd
w1 be upda1ed by 1he 11e 1Jahs1eJ.
o A 1 meahs 1he mod111ca11oh 11me 1s d111eJeh1 ahd 1s be1hg
upda1ed 1o 1he sehdeJs vaue {Jequ1Jes --11mes). Ah
a1eJha1e vaue o1 T meahs 1ha1 1he mod111ca11oh 11me
w1 be se1 1o 1he 1Jahs1eJ 11me, wh1ch happehs wheh a
11e/sym1hk/dev1ce 1s upda1ed w11hou1 --11mes ahd wheh a
sym1hk 1s chahged ahd 1he Jece1veJ cah1 se1 11s 11me.
{ho1e. wheh us1hg ah Jsyhc 3.0.0 c1eh1, you m1gh1 see
1he s 1ag comb1hed w11h 1 1hs1ead o1 1he pJopeJ T 1ag
1oJ 1h1s 11me-se111hg 1a1uJe.)
o A p meahs 1he peJm1ss1ohs aJe d111eJeh1 ahd aJe be1hg
upda1ed 1o 1he sehdeJs vaue {Jequ1Jes --peJms).
o Ah o meahs 1he owheJ 1s d111eJeh1 ahd 1s be1hg upda1ed 1o
1he sehdeJs vaue {Jequ1Jes --owheJ ahd supeJ-useJ pJ1v-
1eges).
o A g meahs 1he gJoup 1s d111eJeh1 ahd 1s be1hg upda1ed 1o
1he sehdeJs vaue {Jequ1Jes --gJoup ahd 1he au1hoJ11y 1o
se1 1he gJoup).
o The u so1 1s JeseJved 1oJ 1u1uJe use.
o The a meahs 1ha1 1he ACL 1h1oJma11oh chahged.
o The x meahs 1ha1 1he ex1ehded a11J1bu1e 1h1oJma11oh
chahged.
0he o1heJ ou1pu1 1s poss1be. wheh dee11hg 11es, 1he "1"
w1 ou1pu1 1he s1J1hg "*dee11hg" 1oJ each 11em 1ha1 1s be1hg
Jemoved {assum1hg 1ha1 you aJe 1ak1hg 1o a Jeceh1 ehough Jsyhc
1ha1 11 ogs dee11ohs 1hs1ead o1 ou1pu111hg 1hem as a veJbose
message).
--ou1-1oJma1=F0RhAT
Th1s aows you 1o spec11y exac1y wha1 1he Jsyhc c1eh1 ou1pu1s
1o 1he useJ oh a peJ-upda1e bas1s. The 1oJma1 1s a 1ex1 s1J1hg
coh1a1h1hg embedded s1hge-chaJac1eJ escape sequehces pJe11xed
w11h a peJceh1 {) chaJac1eJ. A de1au1 1oJma1 o1 "hL" 1s
assumed 11 -v 1s spec111ed {wh1ch JepoJ1s 1he hame o1 1he 11e
ahd, 11 1he 11em 1s a 1hk, wheJe 11 po1h1s). FoJ a 1u 1s1
o1 1he poss1be escape chaJac1eJs, see 1he "og 1oJma1" se111hg
1h 1he Jsyhcd.coh1 mahpage.
Spec11y1hg 1he --ou1-1oJma1 op11oh w1 meh11oh each 11e, d1J,
e1c. 1ha1 ge1s upda1ed 1h a s1gh111cah1 way {a 1Jahs1eJJed 11e,
a JecJea1ed sym1hk/dev1ce, oJ a 1ouched d1Jec1oJy). Th add1-
11oh, 11 1he 11em1ze-chahges escape {1) 1s 1hcuded 1h 1he
s1J1hg {e.g. 11 1he --11em1ze-chahges op11oh was used), 1he og-
g1hg o1 hames 1hcJeases 1o meh11oh ahy 11em 1ha1 1s chahged 1h
ahy way {as ohg as 1he Jece1v1hg s1de 1s a1 eas1 2.6.4). See
1he --11em1ze-chahges op11oh 1oJ a descJ1p11oh o1 1he ou1pu1 o1
"1".
Rsyhc w1 ou1pu1 1he ou1-1oJma1 s1J1hg pJ1oJ 1o a 11es 1Jahs-
1eJ uhess ohe o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ-s1a11s11c escapes 1s Jeques1ed,
1h wh1ch case 1he ogg1hg 1s dohe a1 1he ehd o1 1he 11es
1Jahs1eJ. Wheh 1h1s a1e ogg1hg 1s 1h e11ec1 ahd --pJogJess 1s
aso spec111ed, Jsyhc w1 aso ou1pu1 1he hame o1 1he 11e
be1hg 1Jahs1eJJed pJ1oJ 1o 11s pJogJess 1h1oJma11oh {1oowed,
o1 couJse, by 1he ou1-1oJma1 ou1pu1).
--og-11e=FTLE
Th1s op11oh causes Jsyhc 1o og wha1 11 1s do1hg 1o a 11e.
Th1s 1s s1m1aJ 1o 1he ogg1hg 1ha1 a daemoh does, bu1 cah be
Jeques1ed 1oJ 1he c1eh1 s1de ahd/oJ 1he seJveJ s1de o1 a
hoh-daemoh 1Jahs1eJ. T1 spec111ed as a c1eh1 op11oh, 1Jahs1eJ
ogg1hg w1 be ehabed w11h a de1au1 1oJma1 o1 "1 hL". See
1he --og-11e-1oJma1 op11oh 11 you w1sh 1o oveJJ1de 1h1s.
heJes a exampe commahd 1ha1 Jeques1s 1he Jemo1e s1de 1o og
wha1 1s happeh1hg.
Jsyhc -av --Jsyhc-pa1h="Jsyhc --og-11e=/1mp/Jog" sJc/ des1/
Th1s 1s veJy use1u 11 you heed 1o debug why a cohhec11oh 1s
cos1hg uhexpec1edy.
--og-11e-1oJma1=F0RhAT
Th1s aows you 1o spec11y exac1y wha1 peJ-upda1e ogg1hg 1s
pu1 1h1o 1he 11e spec111ed by 1he --og-11e op11oh {wh1ch mus1
aso be spec111ed 1oJ 1h1s op11oh 1o have ahy e11ec1). T1 you
spec11y ah emp1y s1J1hg, upda1ed 11es w1 ho1 be meh11ohed 1h
1he og 11e. FoJ a 1s1 o1 1he poss1be escape chaJac1eJs, see
1he "og 1oJma1" se111hg 1h 1he Jsyhcd.coh1 mahpage.
The de1au1 F0RhAT used 11 --og-11e 1s spec111ed ahd 1h1s
op11oh 1s ho1 1s 1 hL.
--s1a1s
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o pJ1h1 a veJbose se1 o1 s1a11s11cs oh 1he
11e 1Jahs1eJ, aow1hg you 1o 1e how e11ec11ve Jsyhcs
de1a-1Jahs1eJ agoJ11hm 1s 1oJ youJ da1a.
The cuJJeh1 s1a11s11cs aJe as 1oows.
o humbeJ o1 11es 1s 1he couh1 o1 a "11es" {1h 1he
geheJ1c sehse), wh1ch 1hcudes d1Jec1oJ1es, sym1hks,
e1c.
o humbeJ o1 11es 1Jahs1eJJed 1s 1he couh1 o1 hoJma 11es
1ha1 weJe upda1ed v1a Jsyhcs de1a-1Jahs1eJ agoJ11hm,
wh1ch does ho1 1hcude cJea1ed d1Js, sym1hks, e1c.
o To1a 11e s1ze 1s 1he 1o1a sum o1 a 11e s1zes 1h 1he
1Jahs1eJ. Th1s does ho1 couh1 ahy s1ze 1oJ d1Jec1oJ1es
oJ spec1a 11es, bu1 does 1hcude 1he s1ze o1 sym1hks.
o To1a 1Jahs1eJJed 11e s1ze 1s 1he 1o1a sum o1 a 11es
s1zes 1oJ us1 1he 1Jahs1eJJed 11es.
o L11eJa da1a 1s how much uhma1ched 11e-upda1e da1a we
had 1o sehd 1o 1he Jece1veJ 1oJ 11 1o JecJea1e 1he
upda1ed 11es.
o ha1ched da1a 1s how much da1a 1he Jece1veJ go1 ocay
wheh JecJea11hg 1he upda1ed 11es.
o F1e 1s1 s1ze 1s how b1g 1he 11e-1s1 da1a was wheh 1he
sehdeJ seh1 11 1o 1he Jece1veJ. Th1s 1s smaeJ 1hah 1he
1h-memoJy s1ze 1oJ 1he 11e 1s1 due 1o some compJess1hg
o1 dup1ca1ed da1a wheh Jsyhc sehds 1he 1s1.
o F1e 1s1 geheJa11oh 11me 1s 1he humbeJ o1 secohds 1ha1
1he sehdeJ speh1 cJea11hg 1he 11e 1s1. Th1s Jequ1Jes a
modeJh Jsyhc oh 1he sehd1hg s1de 1oJ 1h1s 1o be pJeseh1.
o F1e 1s1 1Jahs1eJ 11me 1s 1he humbeJ o1 secohds 1ha1 1he
sehdeJ speh1 sehd1hg 1he 11e 1s1 1o 1he Jece1veJ.
o To1a by1es seh1 1s 1he couh1 o1 a 1he by1es 1ha1 Jsyhc
seh1 1Jom 1he c1eh1 s1de 1o 1he seJveJ s1de.
o To1a by1es Jece1ved 1s 1he couh1 o1 a hoh-message
by1es 1ha1 Jsyhc Jece1ved by 1he c1eh1 s1de 1Jom 1he
seJveJ s1de. "hoh-message" by1es meahs 1ha1 we doh1
couh1 1he by1es 1oJ a veJbose message 1ha1 1he seJveJ
seh1 1o us, wh1ch makes 1he s1a1s moJe cohs1s1eh1.
-8, --8-b11-ou1pu1
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1o eave a h1gh-b11 chaJac1eJs uhescaped 1h
1he ou1pu1 1hs1ead o1 1Jy1hg 1o 1es1 1hem 1o see 11 1heyJe
va1d 1h 1he cuJJeh1 ocae ahd escap1hg 1he 1hva1d ohes. A
coh1Jo chaJac1eJs {bu1 heveJ 1abs) aJe aways escaped, JegaJd-
ess o1 1h1s op11ohs se111hg.
The escape 1d1om 1ha1 s1aJ1ed 1h 2.6.7 1s 1o ou1pu1 a 11eJa
backsash {\) ahd a hash {#), 1oowed by exac1y 3 oc1a d1g-
11s. FoJ exampe, a hew1he woud ou1pu1 as "\#012". A 11eJa
backsash 1ha1 1s 1h a 11ehame 1s ho1 escaped uhess 11 1s 1o-
owed by a hash ahd 3 d1g11s {0-9).
-h, --humah-Jeadabe
0u1pu1 humbeJs 1h a moJe humah-Jeadabe 1oJma1. Th1s makes b1g
humbeJs ou1pu1 us1hg aJgeJ uh11s, w11h a K, h, oJ C su111x. T1
1h1s op11oh was spec111ed ohce, 1hese uh11s aJe K {1000), h
{1000*1000), ahd C {1000*1000*1000), 11 1he op11oh 1s Jepea1ed,
1he uh11s aJe poweJs o1 1024 1hs1ead o1 1000.
--paJ11a
By de1au1, Jsyhc w1 dee1e ahy paJ11ay 1Jahs1eJJed 11e 11
1he 1Jahs1eJ 1s 1h1eJJup1ed. Th some c1Jcums1ahces 11 1s moJe
des1Jabe 1o keep paJ11ay 1Jahs1eJJed 11es. bs1hg 1he --paJ-
11a op11oh 1es Jsyhc 1o keep 1he paJ11a 11e wh1ch shoud
make a subsequeh1 1Jahs1eJ o1 1he Jes1 o1 1he 11e much 1as1eJ.
--paJ11a-d1J=0TR
A be11eJ way 1o keep paJ11a 11es 1hah 1he --paJ11a op11oh 1s
1o spec11y a 0TR 1ha1 w1 be used 1o hod 1he paJ11a da1a
{1hs1ead o1 wJ111hg 11 ou1 1o 1he des11ha11oh 11e). 0h 1he
hex1 1Jahs1eJ, Jsyhc w1 use a 11e 1ouhd 1h 1h1s d1J as da1a
1o speed up 1he Jesump11oh o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ ahd 1heh dee1e 11
a11eJ 11 has seJved 11s puJpose.
ho1e 1ha1 11 --whoe-11e 1s spec111ed {oJ 1mp1ed), ahy paJ-
11a-d1J 11e 1ha1 1s 1ouhd 1oJ a 11e 1ha1 1s be1hg upda1ed
w1 s1mpy be Jemoved {s1hce Jsyhc 1s sehd1hg 11es w11hou1
us1hg Jsyhcs de1a-1Jahs1eJ agoJ11hm).
Rsyhc w1 cJea1e 1he 0TR 11 11 1s m1ss1hg {us1 1he as1 d1J --
ho1 1he whoe pa1h). Th1s makes 11 easy 1o use a Jea11ve pa1h
{such as "--paJ11a-d1J=.Jsyhc-paJ11a") 1o have Jsyhc cJea1e
1he paJ11a-d1Jec1oJy 1h 1he des11ha11oh 11es d1Jec1oJy wheh
heeded, ahd 1heh Jemove 11 aga1h wheh 1he paJ11a 11e 1s
dee1ed.
T1 1he paJ11a-d1J vaue 1s ho1 ah absou1e pa1h, Jsyhc w1 add
ah excude Jue a1 1he ehd o1 a youJ ex1s11hg excudes. Th1s
w1 pJeveh1 1he sehd1hg o1 ahy paJ11a-d1J 11es 1ha1 may ex1s1
oh 1he sehd1hg s1de, ahd w1 aso pJeveh1 1he uh11mey dee11oh
o1 paJ11a-d1J 11ems oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de. Ah exampe. 1he
above --paJ11a-d1J op11oh woud add 1he equ1vaeh1 o1 "-1 `-p
.Jsyhc-paJ11a/`" a1 1he ehd o1 ahy o1heJ 111eJ Jues.
T1 you aJe suppy1hg youJ owh excude Jues, you may heed 1o add
youJ owh excude/h1de/pJo1ec1 Jue 1oJ 1he paJ11a-d1J because
{1) 1he au1o-added Jue may be 1he11ec11ve a1 1he ehd o1 youJ
o1heJ Jues, oJ {2) you may w1sh 1o oveJJ1de Jsyhcs excude
cho1ce. FoJ 1hs1ahce, 11 you wah1 1o make Jsyhc ceah-up ahy
e11-oveJ paJ11a-d1Js 1ha1 may be y1hg aJouhd, you shoud
spec11y --dee1e-a11eJ ahd add a "J1sk" 111eJ Jue, e.g. -1 `R
.Jsyhc-paJ11a/`. {Avo1d us1hg --dee1e-be1oJe oJ --dee1e-duJ-
1hg uhess you doh1 heed Jsyhc 1o use ahy o1 1he e11-oveJ paJ-
11a-d1J da1a duJ1hg 1he cuJJeh1 Juh.)
ThP0RTAhT. 1he --paJ11a-d1J shoud ho1 be wJ11abe by o1heJ
useJs oJ 11 1s a secuJ11y J1sk. E.g. Av0T0 "/1mp".
You cah aso se1 1he paJ11a-d1J vaue 1he RSYhC_PARTTAL_0TR
ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abe. Se111hg 1h1s 1h 1he ehv1Johmeh1 does ho1
1oJce --paJ11a 1o be ehabed, bu1 Ja1heJ 11 a11ec1s wheJe paJ-
11a 11es go wheh --paJ11a 1s spec111ed. FoJ 1hs1ahce,
1hs1ead o1 us1hg --paJ11a-d1J=.Jsyhc-1mp aohg w11h --pJogJess,
you coud se1 RSYhC_PARTTAL_0TR=.Jsyhc-1mp 1h youJ ehv1Johmeh1
ahd 1heh us1 use 1he -P op11oh 1o 1uJh oh 1he use o1 1he
.Jsyhc-1mp d1J 1oJ paJ11a 1Jahs1eJs. The ohy 11mes 1ha1 1he
--paJ11a op11oh does ho1 ook 1oJ 1h1s ehv1Johmeh1 vaue aJe
{1) wheh --1hpace was spec111ed {s1hce --1hpace coh11c1s w11h
--paJ11a-d1J), ahd {2) wheh --deay-upda1es was spec111ed {see
beow).
FoJ 1he puJposes o1 1he daemoh-coh11gs "Je1use op11ohs" se1-
11hg, --paJ11a-d1J does ho1 1mpy --paJ11a. Th1s 1s so 1ha1 a
Je1usa o1 1he --paJ11a op11oh cah be used 1o d1saow 1he
oveJwJ111hg o1 des11ha11oh 11es w11h a paJ11a 1Jahs1eJ, wh1e
s11 aow1hg 1he sa1eJ 1d1om pJov1ded by --paJ11a-d1J.
--deay-upda1es
Th1s op11oh pu1s 1he 1empoJaJy 11e 1Jom each upda1ed 11e 1h1o
a hod1hg d1Jec1oJy uh11 1he ehd o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ, a1 wh1ch 11me
a 1he 11es aJe Jehamed 1h1o pace 1h Jap1d success1oh. Th1s
a11emp1s 1o make 1he upda11hg o1 1he 11es a 111e moJe a1om1c.
By de1au1 1he 11es aJe paced 1h1o a d1Jec1oJy hamed ".-1mp-"
1h each 11es des11ha11oh d1Jec1oJy, bu1 11 youve spec111ed
1he --paJ11a-d1J op11oh, 1ha1 d1Jec1oJy w1 be used 1hs1ead.
See 1he commeh1s 1h 1he --paJ11a-d1J sec11oh 1oJ a d1scuss1oh
o1 how 1h1s ".-1mp-" d1J w1 be excuded 1Jom 1he 1Jahs1eJ, ahd
wha1 you cah do 11 you wah1 Jsyhc 1o ceahup od ".-1mp-" d1Js
1ha1 m1gh1 be y1hg aJouhd. Coh11c1s w11h --1hpace ahd
--appehd.
Th1s op11oh uses moJe memoJy oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de {ohe b11 peJ
11e 1Jahs1eJJed) ahd aso Jequ1Jes ehough 1Jee d1sk space oh
1he Jece1v1hg s1de 1o hod ah add111oha copy o1 a 1he upda1ed
11es. ho1e aso 1ha1 you shoud ho1 use ah absou1e pa1h 1o
--paJ11a-d1J uhess {1) 1heJe 1s ho chahce o1 ahy o1 1he 11es
1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ hav1hg 1he same hame {s1hce a 1he upda1ed
11es w1 be pu1 1h1o a s1hge d1Jec1oJy 11 1he pa1h 1s abso-
u1e) ahd {2) 1heJe aJe ho mouh1 po1h1s 1h 1he h1eJaJchy {s1hce
1he deayed upda1es w1 1a1 11 1hey cah1 be Jehamed 1h1o
pace).
See aso 1he "a1om1c-Jsyhc" peJ scJ1p1 1h 1he "suppoJ1" subd1J
1oJ ah upda1e agoJ11hm 1ha1 1s eveh moJe a1om1c {11 uses
--1hk-des1 ahd a paJae h1eJaJchy o1 11es).
-m, --pJuhe-emp1y-d1Js
Th1s op11oh 1es 1he Jece1v1hg Jsyhc 1o ge1 J1d o1 emp1y d1Jec-
1oJ1es 1Jom 1he 11e-1s1, 1hcud1hg hes1ed d1Jec1oJ1es 1ha1
have ho hoh-d1Jec1oJy ch1dJeh. Th1s 1s use1u 1oJ avo1d1hg 1he
cJea11oh o1 a buhch o1 useess d1Jec1oJ1es wheh 1he sehd1hg
Jsyhc 1s JecuJs1vey scahh1hg a h1eJaJchy o1 11es us1hg
1hcude/excude/111eJ Jues.
ho1e 1ha1 1he use o1 1Jahs1eJ Jues, such as 1he --m1h-s1ze
op11oh, does ho1 a11ec1 wha1 goes 1h1o 1he 11e 1s1, ahd 1hus
does ho1 eave d1Jec1oJ1es emp1y, eveh 11 hohe o1 1he 11es 1h a
d1Jec1oJy ma1ch 1he 1Jahs1eJ Jue.
Because 1he 11e-1s1 1s ac1uay be1hg pJuhed, 1h1s op11oh aso
a11ec1s wha1 d1Jec1oJ1es ge1 dee1ed wheh a dee1e 1s ac11ve.
howeveJ, keep 1h m1hd 1ha1 excuded 11es ahd d1Jec1oJ1es cah
pJeveh1 ex1s11hg 11ems 1Jom be1hg dee1ed due 1o ah excude bo1h
h1d1hg souJce 11es ahd pJo1ec11hg des11ha11oh 11es. See 1he
peJ1shabe 111eJ-Jue op11oh 1oJ how 1o avo1d 1h1s.
You cah pJeveh1 1he pJuh1hg o1 ceJ1a1h emp1y d1Jec1oJ1es 1Jom
1he 11e-1s1 by us1hg a goba "pJo1ec1" 111eJ. FoJ 1hs1ahce,
1h1s op11oh woud ehsuJe 1ha1 1he d1Jec1oJy "emp1yd1J" was kep1
1h 1he 11e-1s1.
--111eJ pJo1ec1 emp1yd1J/
heJes ah exampe 1ha1 cop1es a .pd1 11es 1h a h1eJaJchy,
ohy cJea11hg 1he hecessaJy des11ha11oh d1Jec1oJ1es 1o hod 1he
.pd1 11es, ahd ehsuJes 1ha1 ahy supeJ1uous 11es ahd d1Jec1o-
J1es 1h 1he des11ha11oh aJe Jemoved {ho1e 1he h1de 111eJ o1
hoh-d1Jec1oJ1es be1hg used 1hs1ead o1 ah excude).
Jsyhc -avm --de --1hcude=*.pd1 -1 h1de,! */ sJc/ des1
T1 you d1dh1 wah1 1o Jemove supeJ1uous des11ha11oh 11es, 1he
moJe 11me-hohoJed op11ohs o1 "--1hcude=`*/` --excude=`*`"
woud woJk 11he 1h pace o1 1he h1de-111eJ {11 1ha1 1s moJe
ha1uJa 1o you).
--pJogJess
Th1s op11oh 1es Jsyhc 1o pJ1h1 1h1oJma11oh show1hg 1he
pJogJess o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ. Th1s g1ves a boJed useJ some1h1hg 1o
wa1ch. Tmp1es --veJbose 11 11 wash1 aJeady spec111ed.
Wh1e Jsyhc 1s 1Jahs1eJJ1hg a JeguaJ 11e, 11 upda1es a
pJogJess 1he 1ha1 ooks 1ke 1h1s.
782448 63 110.64kB/s 0.00.04
Th 1h1s exampe, 1he Jece1veJ has Jecohs1Juc1ed 782448 by1es oJ
63 o1 1he sehdeJs 11e, wh1ch 1s be1hg Jecohs1Juc1ed a1 a Ja1e
o1 110.64 k1oby1es peJ secohd, ahd 1he 1Jahs1eJ w1 11h1sh 1h
4 secohds 11 1he cuJJeh1 Ja1e 1s ma1h1a1hed uh11 1he ehd.
These s1a11s11cs cah be m1sead1hg 11 Jsyhcs de1a-1Jahs1eJ
agoJ11hm 1s 1h use. FoJ exampe, 11 1he sehdeJs 11e cohs1s1s
o1 1he bas1s 11e 1oowed by add111oha da1a, 1he JepoJ1ed Ja1e
w1 pJobaby dJop dJama11cay wheh 1he Jece1veJ ge1s 1o 1he
11eJa da1a, ahd 1he 1Jahs1eJ w1 pJobaby 1ake much ohgeJ 1o
11h1sh 1hah 1he Jece1veJ es11ma1ed as 11 was 11h1sh1hg 1he
ma1ched paJ1 o1 1he 11e.
Wheh 1he 11e 1Jahs1eJ 11h1shes, Jsyhc Jepaces 1he pJogJess
1he w11h a summaJy 1he 1ha1 ooks 1ke 1h1s.
1238099 100 146.38kB/s 0.00.08 {x1eJ#5, 1o-check=169/396)
Th 1h1s exampe, 1he 11e was 1238099 by1es ohg 1h 1o1a, 1he
aveJage Ja1e o1 1Jahs1eJ 1oJ 1he whoe 11e was 146.38 k1oby1es
peJ secohd oveJ 1he 8 secohds 1ha1 11 1ook 1o compe1e, 11 was
1he 51h 1Jahs1eJ o1 a JeguaJ 11e duJ1hg 1he cuJJeh1 Jsyhc ses-
s1oh, ahd 1heJe aJe 169 moJe 11es 1oJ 1he Jece1veJ 1o check {1o
see 11 1hey aJe up-1o-da1e oJ ho1) Jema1h1hg ou1 o1 1he 396
1o1a 11es 1h 1he 11e-1s1.
-P The -P op11oh 1s equ1vaeh1 1o --paJ11a --pJogJess. T1s puJ-
pose 1s 1o make 11 much eas1eJ 1o spec11y 1hese 1wo op11ohs 1oJ
a ohg 1Jahs1eJ 1ha1 may be 1h1eJJup1ed.
--passwoJd-11e
Th1s op11oh aows you 1o pJov1de a passwoJd 1h a 11e 1oJ
access1hg ah Jsyhc daemoh. The 11e mus1 ho1 be woJd Jeadabe.
T1 shoud coh1a1h us1 1he passwoJd as 1he 11Js1 1he o1 1he
11e {a o1heJ 1hes aJe 1ghoJed).
Th1s op11oh does ho1 suppy a passwoJd 1o a Jemo1e she 1Jahs-
poJ1 such as ssh, 1o eaJh how 1o do 1ha1, cohsu1 1he Jemo1e
shes documeh1a11oh. Wheh access1hg ah Jsyhc daemoh us1hg a
Jemo1e she as 1he 1JahspoJ1, 1h1s op11oh ohy comes 1h1o
e11ec1 a11eJ 1he Jemo1e she 11h1shes 11s au1heh11ca11oh {1.e.
11 you have aso spec111ed a passwoJd 1h 1he daemohs coh11g
11e).
--1s1-ohy
Th1s op11oh w1 cause 1he souJce 11es 1o be 1s1ed 1hs1ead o1
1Jahs1eJJed. Th1s op11oh 1s 1h1eJJed 11 1heJe 1s a s1hge
souJce aJg ahd ho des11ha11oh spec111ed, so 11s ma1h uses aJe.
{1) 1o 1uJh a copy commahd 1ha1 1hcudes a des11ha11oh aJg 1h1o
a 11e-1s11hg commahd, oJ {2) 1o be abe 1o spec11y moJe 1hah
ohe souJce aJg {ho1e. be suJe 1o 1hcude 1he des11ha11oh). Cau-
11oh. keep 1h m1hd 1ha1 a souJce aJg w11h a w1d-caJd 1s
expahded by 1he she 1h1o mu11pe aJgs, so 11 1s heveJ sa1e 1o
1Jy 1o 1s1 such ah aJg w11hou1 us1hg 1h1s op11oh. FoJ exampe.
Jsyhc -av --1s1-ohy 1oo* des1/
Compa11b111y ho1e. wheh Jeques11hg a Jemo1e 1s11hg o1 11es
1Jom ah Jsyhc 1ha1 1s veJs1oh 2.6.3 oJ odeJ, you may ehcouh1eJ
ah eJJoJ 11 you ask 1oJ a hoh-JecuJs1ve 1s11hg. Th1s 1s
because a 11e 1s11hg 1mp1es 1he --d1Js op11oh w/o --JecuJ-
s1ve, ahd odeJ Jsyhcs doh1 have 1ha1 op11oh. To avo1d 1h1s
pJobem, e11heJ spec11y 1he --ho-d1Js op11oh {11 you doh1 heed
1o expahd a d1Jec1oJys coh1eh1), oJ 1uJh oh JecuJs1oh ahd
excude 1he coh1eh1 o1 subd1Jec1oJ1es. -J --excude=`/*/*`.
--bw1m11=KBPS
Th1s op11oh aows you 1o spec11y a max1mum 1Jahs1eJ Ja1e 1h
k1oby1es peJ secohd. Th1s op11oh 1s mos1 e11ec11ve wheh us1hg
Jsyhc w11h aJge 11es {seveJa megaby1es ahd up). 0ue 1o 1he
ha1uJe o1 Jsyhc 1Jahs1eJs, bocks o1 da1a aJe seh1, 1heh 11
Jsyhc de1eJm1hes 1he 1Jahs1eJ was 1oo 1as1, 11 w1 wa11 be1oJe
sehd1hg 1he hex1 da1a bock. The Jesu1 1s ah aveJage 1Jahs1eJ
Ja1e equa1hg 1he spec111ed 1m11. A vaue o1 zeJo spec111es ho
1m11.
--wJ11e-ba1ch=FTLE
RecoJd a 11e 1ha1 cah a1eJ be app1ed 1o aho1heJ 1deh11ca
des11ha11oh w11h --Jead-ba1ch. See 1he "BATCh h00E" sec11oh 1oJ
de1a1s, ahd aso 1he --ohy-wJ11e-ba1ch op11oh.
--ohy-wJ11e-ba1ch=FTLE
WoJks 1ke --wJ11e-ba1ch, excep1 1ha1 ho upda1es aJe made oh 1he
des11ha11oh sys1em wheh cJea11hg 1he ba1ch. Th1s e1s you
1JahspoJ1 1he chahges 1o 1he des11ha11oh sys1em v1a some o1heJ
meahs ahd 1heh appy 1he chahges v1a --Jead-ba1ch.
ho1e 1ha1 you cah 1ee 1Jee 1o wJ11e 1he ba1ch d1Jec1y 1o some
poJ1abe med1a. 11 1h1s med1a 11s 1o capac11y be1oJe 1he ehd
o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ, you cah us1 appy 1ha1 paJ11a 1Jahs1eJ 1o 1he
des11ha11oh ahd Jepea1 1he whoe pJocess 1o ge1 1he Jes1 o1 1he
chahges {as ohg as you doh1 m1hd a paJ11ay upda1ed des11ha-
11oh sys1em wh1e 1he mu11-upda1e cyce 1s happeh1hg).
Aso ho1e 1ha1 you ohy save bahdw1d1h wheh push1hg chahges 1o a
Jemo1e sys1em because 1h1s aows 1he ba1ched da1a 1o be
d1veJ1ed 1Jom 1he sehdeJ 1h1o 1he ba1ch 11e w11hou1 hav1hg 1o
1ow oveJ 1he w1Je 1o 1he Jece1veJ {wheh pu1hg, 1he sehdeJ 1s
Jemo1e, ahd 1hus cah1 wJ11e 1he ba1ch).
--Jead-ba1ch=FTLE
Appy a o1 1he chahges s1oJed 1h FTLE, a 11e pJev1ousy geh-
eJa1ed by --wJ11e-ba1ch. T1 FTLE 1s -, 1he ba1ch da1a w1 be
Jead 1Jom s1ahdaJd 1hpu1. See 1he "BATCh h00E" sec11oh 1oJ
de1a1s.
--pJo1oco=hbh
FoJce ah odeJ pJo1oco veJs1oh 1o be used. Th1s 1s use1u 1oJ
cJea11hg a ba1ch 11e 1ha1 1s compa11be w11h ah odeJ veJs1oh
o1 Jsyhc. FoJ 1hs1ahce, 11 Jsyhc 2.6.4 1s be1hg used w11h 1he
--wJ11e-ba1ch op11oh, bu1 Jsyhc 2.6.3 1s wha1 w1 be used 1o
Juh 1he --Jead-ba1ch op11oh, you shoud use "--pJo1oco=28" wheh
cJea11hg 1he ba1ch 11e 1o 1oJce 1he odeJ pJo1oco veJs1oh 1o
be used 1h 1he ba1ch 11e {assum1hg you cah1 upgJade 1he Jsyhc
oh 1he Jead1hg sys1em).
--1cohv=C0hvERT_SPEC
Rsyhc cah cohveJ1 11ehames be1weeh chaJac1eJ se1s us1hg 1h1s
op11oh. bs1hg a C0hvERT_SPEC o1 "." 1es Jsyhc 1o ook up 1he
de1au1 chaJac1eJ-se1 v1a 1he ocae se111hg. A1eJha1ey, you
cah 1uy spec11y wha1 cohveJs1oh 1o do by g1v1hg a oca ahd a
Jemo1e chaJse1 sepaJa1ed by a comma 1h 1he oJdeJ
--1cohv=L0CAL,REh0TE, e.g. --1cohv=u118,1so88591. Th1s oJdeJ
ehsuJes 1ha1 1he op11oh w1 s1ay 1he same whe1heJ youJe push-
1hg oJ pu1hg 11es. F1hay, you cah spec11y e11heJ
--ho-1cohv oJ a C0hvERT_SPEC o1 "-" 1o 1uJh o11 ahy cohveJs1oh.
The de1au1 se111hg o1 1h1s op11oh 1s s11e-spec111c, ahd cah
aso be a11ec1ed v1a 1he RSYhC_TC0hv ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abe.
FoJ a 1s1 o1 wha1 chaJse1 hames youJ oca 1cohv 1bJaJy sup-
poJ1s, you cah Juh "1cohv --1s1".
T1 you spec11y 1he --pJo1ec1-aJgs op11oh {-s), Jsyhc w1 1Jahs-
a1e 1he 11ehames you spec11y oh 1he commahd-1he 1ha1 aJe
be1hg seh1 1o 1he Jemo1e hos1. See aso 1he --11es-1Jom
op11oh.
ho1e 1ha1 Jsyhc does ho1 do ahy cohveJs1oh o1 hames 1h 111eJ
11es {1hcud1hg 1hcude/excude 11es). T1 1s up 1o you 1o
ehsuJe 1ha1 youJe spec11y1hg ma1ch1hg Jues 1ha1 cah ma1ch oh
bo1h s1des o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ. FoJ 1hs1ahce, you cah spec11y ex1Ja
1hcude/excude Jues 11 1heJe aJe 11ehame d111eJehces oh 1he
1wo s1des 1ha1 heed 1o be accouh1ed 1oJ.
Wheh you pass ah --1cohv op11oh 1o ah Jsyhc daemoh 1ha1 aows
11, 1he daemoh uses 1he chaJse1 spec111ed 1h 11s "chaJse1" coh-
11guJa11oh paJame1eJ JegaJdess o1 1he Jemo1e chaJse1 you ac1u-
ay pass. Thus, you may 1ee 1Jee 1o spec11y us1 1he oca
chaJse1 1oJ a daemoh 1Jahs1eJ {e.g. --1cohv=u118).
-4, --1pv4 oJ -6, --1pv6
Tes Jsyhc 1o pJe1eJ TPv4/TPv6 wheh cJea11hg socke1s. Th1s
ohy a11ec1s socke1s 1ha1 Jsyhc has d1Jec1 coh1Jo oveJ, such as
1he ou1go1hg socke1 wheh d1Jec1y coh1ac11hg ah Jsyhc daemoh.
See aso 1hese op11ohs 1h 1he --daemoh mode sec11oh.
T1 Jsyhc was comp1ed w11hou1 suppoJ1 1oJ TPv6, 1he --1pv6
op11oh w1 have ho e11ec1. The --veJs1oh ou1pu1 w1 1e you
11 1h1s 1s 1he case.
--checksum-seed=hbh
Se1 1he checksum seed 1o 1he 1h1egeJ hbh. Th1s 4 by1e checksum
seed 1s 1hcuded 1h each bock ahd 11e checksum cacua11oh.
By de1au1 1he checksum seed 1s geheJa1ed by 1he seJveJ ahd
de1au1s 1o 1he cuJJeh1 11me{) . Th1s op11oh 1s used 1o se1 a
spec111c checksum seed, wh1ch 1s use1u 1oJ app1ca11ohs 1ha1
wah1 Jepea1abe bock ahd 11e checksums, oJ 1h 1he case wheJe
1he useJ wah1s a moJe Jahdom checksum seed. Se111hg hbh 1o 0
causes Jsyhc 1o use 1he de1au1 o1 11me{) 1oJ checksum seed.
0AEh0h 0PTT0hS
The op11ohs aowed wheh s1aJ11hg ah Jsyhc daemoh aJe as 1oows.
--daemoh
Th1s 1es Jsyhc 1ha1 11 1s 1o Juh as a daemoh. The daemoh you
s1aJ1 Juhh1hg may be accessed us1hg ah Jsyhc c1eh1 us1hg 1he
hos1..modue oJ Jsyhc.//hos1/modue/ syh1ax.
T1 s1ahdaJd 1hpu1 1s a socke1 1heh Jsyhc w1 assume 1ha1 11 1s
be1hg Juh v1a 1he1d, o1heJw1se 11 w1 de1ach 1Jom 1he cuJJeh1
1eJm1ha ahd become a backgJouhd daemoh. The daemoh w1 Jead
1he coh11g 11e {Jsyhcd.coh1) oh each cohhec1 made by a c1eh1
ahd Jespohd 1o Jeques1s accoJd1hgy. See 1he Jsyhcd.coh1{5) mah
page 1oJ moJe de1a1s.
--addJess
By de1au1 Jsyhc w1 b1hd 1o 1he w1dcaJd addJess wheh Juh as a
daemoh w11h 1he --daemoh op11oh. The --addJess op11oh aows
you 1o spec11y a spec111c TP addJess {oJ hos1hame) 1o b1hd 1o.
Th1s makes v1J1ua hos11hg poss1be 1h cohuhc11oh w11h 1he
--coh11g op11oh. See aso 1he "addJess" goba op11oh 1h 1he
Jsyhcd.coh1 mahpage.
--bw1m11=KBPS
Th1s op11oh aows you 1o spec11y a max1mum 1Jahs1eJ Ja1e 1h
k1oby1es peJ secohd 1oJ 1he da1a 1he daemoh sehds. The c1eh1
cah s11 spec11y a smaeJ --bw1m11 vaue, bu1 1he1J Jeques1ed
vaue w1 be Jouhded dowh 11 1hey 1Jy 1o exceed 11. See 1he
c1eh1 veJs1oh o1 1h1s op11oh {above) 1oJ some ex1Ja de1a1s.
--coh11g=FTLE
Th1s spec111es ah a1eJha1e coh11g 11e 1hah 1he de1au1. Th1s
1s ohy Jeevah1 wheh --daemoh 1s spec111ed. The de1au1 1s
/e1c/Jsyhcd.coh1 uhess 1he daemoh 1s Juhh1hg oveJ a Jemo1e
she pJogJam ahd 1he Jemo1e useJ 1s ho1 1he supeJ-useJ, 1h 1ha1
case 1he de1au1 1s Jsyhcd.coh1 1h 1he cuJJeh1 d1Jec1oJy {1yp1-
cay $h0hE).
--ho-de1ach
Wheh Juhh1hg as a daemoh, 1h1s op11oh 1hs1Juc1s Jsyhc 1o ho1
de1ach 11se1 ahd become a backgJouhd pJocess. Th1s op11oh 1s
Jequ1Jed wheh Juhh1hg as a seJv1ce oh Cygw1h, ahd may aso be
use1u wheh Jsyhc 1s supeJv1sed by a pJogJam such as daemoh1oos
oJ ATXs Sys1em ResouJce Coh1JoeJ. --ho-de1ach 1s aso Jecom-
mehded wheh Jsyhc 1s Juh uhdeJ a debuggeJ. Th1s op11oh has ho
e11ec1 11 Jsyhc 1s Juh 1Jom 1he1d oJ sshd.
--poJ1=P0RT
Th1s spec111es ah a1eJha1e TCP poJ1 humbeJ 1oJ 1he daemoh 1o
1s1eh oh Ja1heJ 1hah 1he de1au1 o1 873. See aso 1he "poJ1"
goba op11oh 1h 1he Jsyhcd.coh1 mahpage.
--og-11e=FTLE
Th1s op11oh 1es 1he Jsyhc daemoh 1o use 1he g1veh og-11e
hame 1hs1ead o1 us1hg 1he "og 11e" se111hg 1h 1he coh11g 11e.
--og-11e-1oJma1=F0RhAT
Th1s op11oh 1es 1he Jsyhc daemoh 1o use 1he g1veh F0RhAT
s1J1hg 1hs1ead o1 us1hg 1he "og 1oJma1" se111hg 1h 1he coh11g
11e. T1 aso ehabes "1Jahs1eJ ogg1hg" uhess 1he s1J1hg 1s
emp1y, 1h wh1ch case 1Jahs1eJ ogg1hg 1s 1uJhed o11.
--sockop1s
Th1s oveJJ1des 1he socke1 op11ohs se111hg 1h 1he Jsyhcd.coh1
11e ahd has 1he same syh1ax.
-v, --veJbose
Th1s op11oh 1hcJeases 1he amouh1 o1 1h1oJma11oh 1he daemoh ogs
duJ1hg 11s s1aJ1up phase. A11eJ 1he c1eh1 cohhec1s, 1he dae-
mohs veJbos11y eve w1 be coh1Joed by 1he op11ohs 1ha1 1he
c1eh1 used ahd 1he "max veJbos11y" se111hg 1h 1he modues coh-
11g sec11oh.
-4, --1pv4 oJ -6, --1pv6
Tes Jsyhc 1o pJe1eJ TPv4/TPv6 wheh cJea11hg 1he 1hcom1hg sock-
e1s 1ha1 1he Jsyhc daemoh w1 use 1o 1s1eh 1oJ cohhec11ohs.
0he o1 1hese op11ohs may be Jequ1Jed 1h odeJ veJs1ohs o1 L1hux
1o woJk aJouhd ah TPv6 bug 1h 1he keJhe {11 you see ah "addJess
aJeady 1h use" eJJoJ wheh ho1h1hg ese 1s us1hg 1he poJ1, 1Jy
spec11y1hg --1pv6 oJ --1pv4 wheh s1aJ11hg 1he daemoh).
T1 Jsyhc was comp1ed w11hou1 suppoJ1 1oJ TPv6, 1he --1pv6
op11oh w1 have ho e11ec1. The --veJs1oh ou1pu1 w1 1e you
11 1h1s 1s 1he case.
-h, --hep
Wheh spec111ed a11eJ --daemoh, pJ1h1 a shoJ1 hep page descJ1b-
1hg 1he op11ohs ava1abe 1oJ s1aJ11hg ah Jsyhc daemoh.
FTLTER RbLES
The 111eJ Jues aow 1oJ 1ex1be seec11oh o1 wh1ch 11es 1o 1Jahs-
1eJ {1hcude) ahd wh1ch 11es 1o sk1p {excude). The Jues e11heJ
d1Jec1y spec11y 1hcude/excude pa11eJhs oJ 1hey spec11y a way 1o
acqu1Je moJe 1hcude/excude pa11eJhs {e.g. 1o Jead 1hem 1Jom a 11e).
As 1he 1s1 o1 11es/d1Jec1oJ1es 1o 1Jahs1eJ 1s bu11, Jsyhc checks
each hame 1o be 1Jahs1eJJed aga1hs1 1he 1s1 o1 1hcude/excude pa1-
1eJhs 1h 1uJh, ahd 1he 11Js1 ma1ch1hg pa11eJh 1s ac1ed oh. 11 11 1s ah
excude pa11eJh, 1heh 1ha1 11e 1s sk1pped, 11 11 1s ah 1hcude pa11eJh
1heh 1ha1 11ehame 1s ho1 sk1pped, 11 ho ma1ch1hg pa11eJh 1s 1ouhd,
1heh 1he 11ehame 1s ho1 sk1pped.
Rsyhc bu1ds ah oJdeJed 1s1 o1 111eJ Jues as spec111ed oh 1he com-
mahd-1he. F11eJ Jues have 1he 1oow1hg syh1ax.
RbLE |PATTERh_0R_FTLEhAhE]
RbLE,h00TFTERS |PATTERh_0R_FTLEhAhE]
You have youJ cho1ce o1 us1hg e11heJ shoJ1 oJ ohg RbLE hames, as
descJ1bed beow. T1 you use a shoJ1-hamed Jue, 1he , sepaJa11hg 1he
RbLE 1Jom 1he h00TFTERS 1s op11oha. The PATTERh oJ FTLEhAhE 1ha1 1o-
ows {wheh pJeseh1) mus1 come a11eJ e11heJ a s1hge space oJ ah uhdeJ-
scoJe {_). heJe aJe 1he ava1abe Jue pJe11xes.
excude, - spec111es ah excude pa11eJh.
1hcude, + spec111es ah 1hcude pa11eJh.
meJge, . spec111es a meJge-11e 1o Jead 1oJ moJe Jues.
d1J-meJge, . spec111es a peJ-d1Jec1oJy meJge-11e.
h1de, h spec111es a pa11eJh 1oJ h1d1hg 11es 1Jom 1he 1Jahs1eJ.
show, S 11es 1ha1 ma1ch 1he pa11eJh aJe ho1 h1ddeh.
pJo1ec1, P spec111es a pa11eJh 1oJ pJo1ec11hg 11es 1Jom dee-
11oh.
J1sk, R 11es 1ha1 ma1ch 1he pa11eJh aJe ho1 pJo1ec1ed.
ceaJ, ! ceaJs 1he cuJJeh1 1hcude/excude 1s1 {1akes ho aJg)
Wheh Jues aJe be1hg Jead 1Jom a 11e, emp1y 1hes aJe 1ghoJed, as aJe
commeh1 1hes 1ha1 s1aJ1 w11h a "#".
ho1e 1ha1 1he --1hcude/--excude commahd-1he op11ohs do ho1 aow 1he
1u Jahge o1 Jue paJs1hg as descJ1bed above -- 1hey ohy aow 1he
spec111ca11oh o1 1hcude/excude pa11eJhs pus a "!" 1okeh 1o ceaJ 1he
1s1 {ahd 1he hoJma commeh1 paJs1hg wheh Jues aJe Jead 1Jom a 11e).
T1 a pa11eJh does ho1 beg1h w11h "- " {dash, space) oJ "+ " {pus,
space), 1heh 1he Jue w1 be 1h1eJpJe1ed as 11 "+ " {1oJ ah 1hcude
op11oh) oJ "- " {1oJ ah excude op11oh) weJe pJe11xed 1o 1he s1J1hg. A
--111eJ op11oh, oh 1he o1heJ hahd, mus1 aways coh1a1h e11heJ a shoJ1
oJ ohg Jue hame a1 1he s1aJ1 o1 1he Jue.
ho1e aso 1ha1 1he --111eJ, --1hcude, ahd --excude op11ohs 1ake ohe
Jue/pa11eJh each. To add mu11pe ohes, you cah Jepea1 1he op11ohs oh
1he commahd-1he, use 1he meJge-11e syh1ax o1 1he --111eJ op11oh, oJ
1he --1hcude-1Jom/--excude-1Jom op11ohs.
ThCLb0E/EXCLb0E PATTERh RbLES
You cah 1hcude ahd excude 11es by spec11y1hg pa11eJhs us1hg 1he "+",
"-", e1c. 111eJ Jues {as 1h1Joduced 1h 1he FTLTER RbLES sec11oh
above). The 1hcude/excude Jues each spec11y a pa11eJh 1ha1 1s
ma1ched aga1hs1 1he hames o1 1he 11es 1ha1 aJe go1hg 1o be 1Jahs-
1eJJed. These pa11eJhs cah 1ake seveJa 1oJms.
o 11 1he pa11eJh s1aJ1s w11h a / 1heh 11 1s ahchoJed 1o a paJ11cu-
aJ spo1 1h 1he h1eJaJchy o1 11es, o1heJw1se 11 1s ma1ched
aga1hs1 1he ehd o1 1he pa1hhame. Th1s 1s s1m1aJ 1o a ead1hg
1h JeguaJ expJess1ohs. Thus "/1oo" woud ma1ch a hame o1 "1oo"
a1 e11heJ 1he "Joo1 o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ" {1oJ a goba Jue) oJ 1h
1he meJge-11es d1Jec1oJy {1oJ a peJ-d1Jec1oJy Jue). Ah
uhqua111ed "1oo" woud ma1ch a hame o1 "1oo" ahywheJe 1h 1he
1Jee because 1he agoJ11hm 1s app1ed JecuJs1vey 1Jom 1he 1op
dowh, 11 behaves as 11 each pa1h compoheh1 ge1s a 1uJh a1 be1hg
1he ehd o1 1he 11ehame. Eveh 1he uhahchoJed "sub/1oo" woud
ma1ch a1 ahy po1h1 1h 1he h1eJaJchy wheJe a "1oo" was 1ouhd
w11h1h a d1Jec1oJy hamed "sub". See 1he sec11oh oh AhCh0RThC
ThCLb0E/EXCLb0E PATTERhS 1oJ a 1u d1scuss1oh o1 how 1o spec11y
a pa11eJh 1ha1 ma1ches a1 1he Joo1 o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ.
o 11 1he pa11eJh ehds w11h a / 1heh 11 w1 ohy ma1ch a d1Jec-
1oJy, ho1 a JeguaJ 11e, sym1hk, oJ dev1ce.
o Jsyhc chooses be1weeh do1hg a s1mpe s1J1hg ma1ch ahd w1dcaJd
ma1ch1hg by check1hg 11 1he pa11eJh coh1a1hs ohe o1 1hese 1hJee
w1dcaJd chaJac1eJs. *, ?, ahd | .
o a * ma1ches ahy pa1h compoheh1, bu1 11 s1ops a1 sashes.
o use ** 1o ma1ch ahy1h1hg, 1hcud1hg sashes.
o a ? ma1ches ahy chaJac1eJ excep1 a sash {/).
o a | 1h1Joduces a chaJac1eJ cass, such as |a-z] oJ
||.apha.]].
o 1h a w1dcaJd pa11eJh, a backsash cah be used 1o escape a w1d-
caJd chaJac1eJ, bu1 11 1s ma1ched 11eJay wheh ho w1dcaJds
aJe pJeseh1.
o 11 1he pa11eJh coh1a1hs a / {ho1 couh11hg a 1Ja11hg /) oJ a
"**", 1heh 11 1s ma1ched aga1hs1 1he 1u pa1hhame, 1hcud1hg
ahy ead1hg d1Jec1oJ1es. T1 1he pa11eJh doesh1 coh1a1h a / oJ a
"**", 1heh 11 1s ma1ched ohy aga1hs1 1he 11ha compoheh1 o1 1he
11ehame. {RemembeJ 1ha1 1he agoJ11hm 1s app1ed JecuJs1vey
so "1u 11ehame" cah ac1uay be ahy poJ11oh o1 a pa1h 1Jom
1he s1aJ11hg d1Jec1oJy oh dowh.)
o a 1Ja11hg "d1J_hame/***" w1 ma1ch bo1h 1he d1Jec1oJy {as 11
"d1J_hame/" had beeh spec111ed) ahd eveJy1h1hg 1h 1he d1Jec1oJy
{as 11 "d1J_hame/**" had beeh spec111ed). Th1s behav1oJ was
added 1h veJs1oh 2.6.7.
ho1e 1ha1, wheh us1hg 1he --JecuJs1ve {-J) op11oh {wh1ch 1s 1mp1ed by
-a), eveJy subcompoheh1 o1 eveJy pa1h 1s v1s11ed 1Jom 1he 1op dowh, so
1hcude/excude pa11eJhs ge1 app1ed JecuJs1vey 1o each subcompoheh1s
1u hame {e.g. 1o 1hcude "/1oo/baJ/baz" 1he subcompoheh1s "/1oo" ahd
"/1oo/baJ" mus1 ho1 be excuded). The excude pa11eJhs ac1uay
shoJ1-c1Jcu11 1he d1Jec1oJy 1JaveJsa s1age wheh Jsyhc 11hds 1he 11es
1o sehd. T1 a pa11eJh excudes a paJ11cuaJ paJeh1 d1Jec1oJy, 11 cah
JehdeJ a deepeJ 1hcude pa11eJh 1he11ec1ua because Jsyhc d1d ho1
descehd 1hJough 1ha1 excuded sec11oh o1 1he h1eJaJchy. Th1s 1s paJ-
11cuaJy 1mpoJ1ah1 wheh us1hg a 1Ja11hg * Jue. FoJ 1hs1ahce, 1h1s
woh1 woJk.
+ /some/pa1h/1h1s-11e-w1-ho1-be-1ouhd
+ /11e-1s-1hcuded
- *
Th1s 1a1s because 1he paJeh1 d1Jec1oJy "some" 1s excuded by 1he *
Jue, so Jsyhc heveJ v1s11s ahy o1 1he 11es 1h 1he "some" oJ
"some/pa1h" d1Jec1oJ1es. 0he sou11oh 1s 1o ask 1oJ a d1Jec1oJ1es 1h
1he h1eJaJchy 1o be 1hcuded by us1hg a s1hge Jue. "+ */" {pu1 11
somewheJe be1oJe 1he "- *" Jue), ahd peJhaps use 1he
--pJuhe-emp1y-d1Js op11oh. Aho1heJ sou11oh 1s 1o add spec111c 1hcude
Jues 1oJ a 1he paJeh1 d1Js 1ha1 heed 1o be v1s11ed. FoJ 1hs1ahce,
1h1s se1 o1 Jues woJks 11he.
+ /some/
+ /some/pa1h/
+ /some/pa1h/1h1s-11e-1s-1ouhd
+ /11e-aso-1hcuded
- *
heJe aJe some exampes o1 excude/1hcude ma1ch1hg.
o "- *.o" woud excude a hames ma1ch1hg *.o
o "- /1oo" woud excude a 11e {oJ d1Jec1oJy) hamed 1oo 1h 1he
1Jahs1eJ-Joo1 d1Jec1oJy
o "- 1oo/" woud excude ahy d1Jec1oJy hamed 1oo
o "- /1oo/*/baJ" woud excude ahy 11e hamed baJ wh1ch 1s a1 1wo
eves beow a d1Jec1oJy hamed 1oo 1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ-Joo1 d1Jec-
1oJy
o "- /1oo/**/baJ" woud excude ahy 11e hamed baJ 1wo oJ moJe
eves beow a d1Jec1oJy hamed 1oo 1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ-Joo1 d1Jec-
1oJy
o The comb1ha11oh o1 "+ */", "+ *.c", ahd "- *" woud 1hcude a
d1Jec1oJ1es ahd C souJce 11es bu1 ho1h1hg ese {see aso 1he
--pJuhe-emp1y-d1Js op11oh)
o The comb1ha11oh o1 "+ 1oo/", "+ 1oo/baJ.c", ahd "- *" woud
1hcude ohy 1he 1oo d1Jec1oJy ahd 1oo/baJ.c {1he 1oo d1Jec1oJy
mus1 be exp1c11y 1hcuded oJ 11 woud be excuded by 1he "*")
The 1oow1hg mod111eJs aJe accep1ed a11eJ a "+" oJ "-".
o A / spec111es 1ha1 1he 1hcude/excude Jue shoud be ma1ched
aga1hs1 1he absou1e pa1hhame o1 1he cuJJeh1 11em. FoJ exampe,
"-/ /e1c/passwd" woud excude 1he passwd 11e ahy 11me 1he
1Jahs1eJ was sehd1hg 11es 1Jom 1he "/e1c" d1Jec1oJy, ahd "-/
subd1J/1oo" woud aways excude "1oo" wheh 11 1s 1h a d1J hamed
"subd1J", eveh 11 "1oo" 1s a1 1he Joo1 o1 1he cuJJeh1 1Jahs1eJ.
o A ! spec111es 1ha1 1he 1hcude/excude shoud 1ake e11ec1 11 1he
pa11eJh 1a1s 1o ma1ch. FoJ 1hs1ahce, "-! */" woud excude a
hoh-d1Jec1oJ1es.
o A C 1s used 1o 1hd1ca1e 1ha1 a 1he goba CvS-excude Jues
shoud be 1hseJ1ed as excudes 1h pace o1 1he "-C". ho aJg
shoud 1oow.
o Ah s 1s used 1o 1hd1ca1e 1ha1 1he Jue app1es 1o 1he sehd1hg
s1de. Wheh a Jue a11ec1s 1he sehd1hg s1de, 11 pJeveh1s 11es
1Jom be1hg 1Jahs1eJJed. The de1au1 1s 1oJ a Jue 1o a11ec1
bo1h s1des uhess --dee1e-excuded was spec111ed, 1h wh1ch case
de1au1 Jues become sehdeJ-s1de ohy. See aso 1he h1de {h)
ahd show {S) Jues, wh1ch aJe ah a1eJha1e way 1o spec11y sehd-
1hg-s1de 1hcudes/excudes.
o Ah J 1s used 1o 1hd1ca1e 1ha1 1he Jue app1es 1o 1he Jece1v1hg
s1de. Wheh a Jue a11ec1s 1he Jece1v1hg s1de, 11 pJeveh1s 11es
1Jom be1hg dee1ed. See 1he s mod111eJ 1oJ moJe 1h1o. See aso
1he pJo1ec1 {P) ahd J1sk {R) Jues, wh1ch aJe ah a1eJha1e way
1o spec11y Jece1veJ-s1de 1hcudes/excudes.
o A p 1hd1ca1es 1ha1 a Jue 1s peJ1shabe, meah1hg 1ha1 11 1s
1ghoJed 1h d1Jec1oJ1es 1ha1 aJe be1hg dee1ed. FoJ 1hs1ahce,
1he -C op11ohs de1au1 Jues 1ha1 excude 1h1hgs 1ke "CvS" ahd
"*.o" aJe maJked as peJ1shabe, ahd w1 ho1 pJeveh1 a d1Jec1oJy
1ha1 was Jemoved oh 1he souJce 1Jom be1hg dee1ed oh 1he des11-
ha11oh.
hERCE-FTLE FTLTER RbLES
You cah meJge whoe 11es 1h1o youJ 111eJ Jues by spec11y1hg e11heJ a
meJge {.) oJ a d1J-meJge {.) 111eJ Jue {as 1h1Joduced 1h 1he FTLTER
RbLES sec11oh above).
TheJe aJe 1wo k1hds o1 meJged 11es -- s1hge-1hs1ahce {.) ahd
peJ-d1Jec1oJy {.). A s1hge-1hs1ahce meJge 11e 1s Jead ohe 11me,
ahd 11s Jues aJe 1hcoJpoJa1ed 1h1o 1he 111eJ 1s1 1h 1he pace o1 1he
"." Jue. FoJ peJ-d1Jec1oJy meJge 11es, Jsyhc w1 scah eveJy d1Jec-
1oJy 1ha1 11 1JaveJses 1oJ 1he hamed 11e, meJg1hg 11s coh1eh1s wheh
1he 11e ex1s1s 1h1o 1he cuJJeh1 1s1 o1 1hheJ11ed Jues. These
peJ-d1Jec1oJy Jue 11es mus1 be cJea1ed oh 1he sehd1hg s1de because 11
1s 1he sehd1hg s1de 1ha1 1s be1hg scahhed 1oJ 1he ava1abe 11es 1o
1Jahs1eJ. These Jue 11es may aso heed 1o be 1Jahs1eJJed 1o 1he
Jece1v1hg s1de 11 you wah1 1hem 1o a11ec1 wha1 11es doh1 ge1 dee1ed
{see PER-0TRECT0RY RbLES Ah0 0ELETE beow).
Some exampes.
meJge /e1c/Jsyhc/de1au1.Jues
. /e1c/Jsyhc/de1au1.Jues
d1J-meJge .peJ-d1J-111eJ
d1J-meJge,h- .hoh-1hheJ11ed-peJ-d1J-excudes
.h- .hoh-1hheJ11ed-peJ-d1J-excudes
The 1oow1hg mod111eJs aJe accep1ed a11eJ a meJge oJ d1J-meJge Jue.
o A - spec111es 1ha1 1he 11e shoud cohs1s1 o1 ohy excude pa1-
1eJhs, w11h ho o1heJ Jue-paJs1hg excep1 1oJ 1h-11e commeh1s.
o A + spec111es 1ha1 1he 11e shoud cohs1s1 o1 ohy 1hcude pa1-
1eJhs, w11h ho o1heJ Jue-paJs1hg excep1 1oJ 1h-11e commeh1s.
o A C 1s a way 1o spec11y 1ha1 1he 11e shoud be Jead 1h a
CvS-compa11be mahheJ. Th1s 1uJhs oh h, w, ahd -, bu1
aso aows 1he 1s1-ceaJ1hg 1okeh {!) 1o be spec111ed. T1 ho
11ehame 1s pJov1ded, ".cvs1ghoJe" 1s assumed.
o A e w1 excude 1he meJge-11e hame 1Jom 1he 1Jahs1eJ, e.g.
"d1J-meJge,e .Jues" 1s 1ke "d1J-meJge .Jues" ahd "- .Jues".
o Ah h spec111es 1ha1 1he Jues aJe ho1 1hheJ11ed by subd1Jec1o-
J1es.
o A w spec111es 1ha1 1he Jues aJe woJd-sp11 oh wh11espace
1hs1ead o1 1he hoJma 1he-sp1111hg. Th1s aso 1uJhs o11 com-
meh1s. ho1e. 1he space 1ha1 sepaJa1es 1he pJe11x 1Jom 1he Jue
1s 1Jea1ed spec1ay, so "- 1oo + baJ" 1s paJsed as 1wo Jues
{assum1hg 1ha1 pJe11x-paJs1hg wash1 aso d1sabed).
o You may aso spec11y ahy o1 1he mod111eJs 1oJ 1he "+" oJ "-"
Jues {above) 1h oJdeJ 1o have 1he Jues 1ha1 aJe Jead 1h 1Jom
1he 11e de1au1 1o hav1hg 1ha1 mod111eJ se1 {excep1 1oJ 1he !
mod111eJ, wh1ch woud ho1 be use1u). FoJ 1hs1ahce, "meJge,-/
.exc" woud 1Jea1 1he coh1eh1s o1 .exc as absou1e-pa1h
excudes, wh1e "d1J-meJge,s .111" ahd ".sC" woud each make
a 1he1J peJ-d1Jec1oJy Jues appy ohy oh 1he sehd1hg s1de.
T1 1he meJge Jue spec111es s1des 1o a11ec1 {v1a 1he s oJ J mod-
111eJ oJ bo1h), 1heh 1he Jues 1h 1he 11e mus1 ho1 spec11y
s1des {v1a a mod111eJ oJ a Jue pJe11x such as h1de).
PeJ-d1Jec1oJy Jues aJe 1hheJ11ed 1h a subd1Jec1oJ1es o1 1he d1Jec-
1oJy wheJe 1he meJge-11e was 1ouhd uhess 1he h mod111eJ was used.
Each subd1Jec1oJys Jues aJe pJe11xed 1o 1he 1hheJ11ed peJ-d1Jec1oJy
Jues 1Jom 11s paJeh1s, wh1ch g1ves 1he hewes1 Jues a h1gheJ pJ1oJ11y
1hah 1he 1hheJ11ed Jues. The eh11Je se1 o1 d1J-meJge Jues aJe
gJouped 1oge1heJ 1h 1he spo1 wheJe 1he meJge-11e was spec111ed, so 11
1s poss1be 1o oveJJ1de d1J-meJge Jues v1a a Jue 1ha1 go1 spec111ed
eaJ1eJ 1h 1he 1s1 o1 goba Jues. Wheh 1he 1s1-ceaJ1hg Jue {"!")
1s Jead 1Jom a peJ-d1Jec1oJy 11e, 11 ohy ceaJs 1he 1hheJ11ed Jues
1oJ 1he cuJJeh1 meJge 11e.
Aho1heJ way 1o pJeveh1 a s1hge Jue 1Jom a d1J-meJge 11e 1Jom be1hg
1hheJ11ed 1s 1o ahchoJ 11 w11h a ead1hg sash. AhchoJed Jues 1h a
peJ-d1Jec1oJy meJge-11e aJe Jea11ve 1o 1he meJge-11es d1Jec1oJy, so
a pa11eJh "/1oo" woud ohy ma1ch 1he 11e "1oo" 1h 1he d1Jec1oJy wheJe
1he d1J-meJge 111eJ 11e was 1ouhd.
heJes ah exampe 111eJ 11e wh1ch youd spec11y v1a --111eJ=".
11e".
meJge /home/useJ/.goba-111eJ
- *.gz
d1J-meJge .Jues
+ *.|ch]
- *.o
Th1s w1 meJge 1he coh1eh1s o1 1he /home/useJ/.goba-111eJ 11e a1
1he s1aJ1 o1 1he 1s1 ahd aso 1uJhs 1he ".Jues" 11ehame 1h1o a
peJ-d1Jec1oJy 111eJ 11e. A Jues Jead 1h pJ1oJ 1o 1he s1aJ1 o1 1he
d1Jec1oJy scah 1oow 1he goba ahchoJ1hg Jues {1.e. a ead1hg sash
ma1ches a1 1he Joo1 o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ).
T1 a peJ-d1Jec1oJy meJge-11e 1s spec111ed w11h a pa1h 1ha1 1s a paJeh1
d1Jec1oJy o1 1he 11Js1 1Jahs1eJ d1Jec1oJy, Jsyhc w1 scah a 1he paJ-
eh1 d1Js 1Jom 1ha1 s1aJ11hg po1h1 1o 1he 1Jahs1eJ d1Jec1oJy 1oJ 1he
1hd1ca1ed peJ-d1Jec1oJy 11e. FoJ 1hs1ahce, heJe 1s a commoh 111eJ
{see -F).
--111eJ=`. /.Jsyhc-111eJ`
Tha1 Jue 1es Jsyhc 1o scah 1oJ 1he 11e .Jsyhc-111eJ 1h a d1Jec-
1oJ1es 1Jom 1he Joo1 dowh 1hJough 1he paJeh1 d1Jec1oJy o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ
pJ1oJ 1o 1he s1aJ1 o1 1he hoJma d1Jec1oJy scah o1 1he 11e 1h 1he
d1Jec1oJ1es 1ha1 aJe seh1 as a paJ1 o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ. {ho1e. 1oJ ah
Jsyhc daemoh, 1he Joo1 1s aways 1he same as 1he modues "pa1h".)
Some exampes o1 1h1s pJe-scahh1hg 1oJ peJ-d1Jec1oJy 11es.
Jsyhc -avF /sJc/pa1h/ /des1/d1J
Jsyhc -av --111eJ=`. ../../.Jsyhc-111eJ` /sJc/pa1h/ /des1/d1J
Jsyhc -av --111eJ=`. .Jsyhc-111eJ` /sJc/pa1h/ /des1/d1J
The 11Js1 1wo commahds above w1 ook 1oJ ".Jsyhc-111eJ" 1h "/" ahd
"/sJc" be1oJe 1he hoJma scah beg1hs ook1hg 1oJ 1he 11e 1h
"/sJc/pa1h" ahd 11s subd1Jec1oJ1es. The as1 commahd avo1ds 1he paJ-
eh1-d1J scah ahd ohy ooks 1oJ 1he ".Jsyhc-111eJ" 11es 1h each
d1Jec1oJy 1ha1 1s a paJ1 o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ.
T1 you wah1 1o 1hcude 1he coh1eh1s o1 a ".cvs1ghoJe" 1h youJ pa11eJhs,
you shoud use 1he Jue ".C", wh1ch cJea1es a d1J-meJge o1 1he .cvs1g-
hoJe 11e, bu1 paJsed 1h a CvS-compa11be mahheJ. You cah use 1h1s 1o
a11ec1 wheJe 1he --cvs-excude {-C) op11ohs 1hcus1oh o1 1he
peJ-d1Jec1oJy .cvs1ghoJe 11e ge1s paced 1h1o youJ Jues by pu111hg
1he ".C" wheJeveJ you 1ke 1h youJ 111eJ Jues. W11hou1 1h1s, Jsyhc
woud add 1he d1J-meJge Jue 1oJ 1he .cvs1ghoJe 11e a1 1he ehd o1 a
youJ o1heJ Jues {g1v1hg 11 a oweJ pJ1oJ11y 1hah youJ commahd-1he
Jues). FoJ exampe.
ca1 <<E0T ] Jsyhc -avC --111eJ=`. -` a/ b
+ 1oo.o
.C
- *.od
E0T
Jsyhc -avC --1hcude=1oo.o -1 .C --excude=`*.od` a/ b
Bo1h o1 1he above Jsyhc commahds aJe 1deh11ca. Each ohe w1 meJge
a 1he peJ-d1Jec1oJy .cvs1ghoJe Jues 1h 1he m1dde o1 1he 1s1 Ja1heJ
1hah a1 1he ehd. Th1s aows 1he1J d1J-spec111c Jues 1o supeJsede 1he
Jues 1ha1 1oow 1he .C 1hs1ead o1 be1hg subseJv1eh1 1o a youJ
Jues. To a11ec1 1he o1heJ CvS excude Jues {1.e. 1he de1au1 1s1 o1
excus1ohs, 1he coh1eh1s o1 $h0hE/.cvs1ghoJe, ahd 1he vaue o1 $CvSTC-
h0RE) you shoud om11 1he -C commahd-1he op11oh ahd 1hs1ead 1hseJ1 a
"-C" Jue 1h1o youJ 111eJ Jues, e.g. "--111eJ=-C".
LTST-CLEARThC FTLTER RbLE
You cah ceaJ 1he cuJJeh1 1hcude/excude 1s1 by us1hg 1he "!" 111eJ
Jue {as 1h1Joduced 1h 1he FTLTER RbLES sec11oh above). The "cuJJeh1"
1s1 1s e11heJ 1he goba 1s1 o1 Jues {11 1he Jue 1s ehcouh1eJed
wh1e paJs1hg 1he 111eJ op11ohs) oJ a se1 o1 peJ-d1Jec1oJy Jues
{wh1ch aJe 1hheJ11ed 1h 1he1J owh sub-1s1, so a subd1Jec1oJy cah use
1h1s 1o ceaJ ou1 1he paJeh1s Jues).
AhCh0RThC ThCLb0E/EXCLb0E PATTERhS
As meh11ohed eaJ1eJ, goba 1hcude/excude pa11eJhs aJe ahchoJed a1
1he "Joo1 o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ" {as opposed 1o peJ-d1Jec1oJy pa11eJhs, wh1ch
aJe ahchoJed a1 1he meJge-11es d1Jec1oJy). T1 you 1h1hk o1 1he
1Jahs1eJ as a sub1Jee o1 hames 1ha1 aJe be1hg seh1 1Jom sehdeJ 1o
Jece1veJ, 1he 1Jahs1eJ-Joo1 1s wheJe 1he 1Jee s1aJ1s 1o be dup1ca1ed
1h 1he des11ha11oh d1Jec1oJy. Th1s Joo1 goveJhs wheJe pa11eJhs 1ha1
s1aJ1 w11h a / ma1ch.
Because 1he ma1ch1hg 1s Jea11ve 1o 1he 1Jahs1eJ-Joo1, chahg1hg 1he
1Ja11hg sash oh a souJce pa1h oJ chahg1hg youJ use o1 1he --Jea11ve
op11oh a11ec1s 1he pa1h you heed 1o use 1h youJ ma1ch1hg {1h add111oh
1o chahg1hg how much o1 1he 11e 1Jee 1s dup1ca1ed oh 1he des11ha11oh
hos1). The 1oow1hg exampes demohs1Ja1e 1h1s.
Le1s say 1ha1 we wah1 1o ma1ch 1wo souJce 11es, ohe w11h ah absou1e
pa1h o1 "/home/me/1oo/baJ", ahd ohe w11h a pa1h o1 "/home/you/baJ/baz".
heJe 1s how 1he vaJ1ous commahd cho1ces d111eJ 1oJ a 2-souJce 1Jahs1eJ.
Exampe cmd. Jsyhc -a /home/me /home/you /des1
+/- pa11eJh. /me/1oo/baJ
+/- pa11eJh. /you/baJ/baz
TaJge1 11e. /des1/me/1oo/baJ
TaJge1 11e. /des1/you/baJ/baz
Exampe cmd. Jsyhc -a /home/me/ /home/you/ /des1
+/- pa11eJh. /1oo/baJ {ho1e m1ss1hg "me")
+/- pa11eJh. /baJ/baz {ho1e m1ss1hg "you")
TaJge1 11e. /des1/1oo/baJ
TaJge1 11e. /des1/baJ/baz
Exampe cmd. Jsyhc -a --Jea11ve /home/me/ /home/you /des1
+/- pa11eJh. /home/me/1oo/baJ {ho1e 1u pa1h)
+/- pa11eJh. /home/you/baJ/baz {d111o)
TaJge1 11e. /des1/home/me/1oo/baJ
TaJge1 11e. /des1/home/you/baJ/baz
Exampe cmd. cd /home, Jsyhc -a --Jea11ve me/1oo you/ /des1
+/- pa11eJh. /me/1oo/baJ {s1aJ1s a1 spec111ed pa1h)
+/- pa11eJh. /you/baJ/baz {d111o)
TaJge1 11e. /des1/me/1oo/baJ
TaJge1 11e. /des1/you/baJ/baz
The eas1es1 way 1o see wha1 hame you shoud 111eJ 1s 1o us1 ook a1
1he ou1pu1 wheh us1hg --veJbose ahd pu1 a / 1h 1Joh1 o1 1he hame {use
1he --dJy-Juh op11oh 11 youJe ho1 ye1 Jeady 1o copy ahy 11es).
PER-0TRECT0RY RbLES Ah0 0ELETE
W11hou1 a dee1e op11oh, peJ-d1Jec1oJy Jues aJe ohy Jeevah1 oh 1he
sehd1hg s1de, so you cah 1ee 1Jee 1o excude 1he meJge 11es 1hem-
seves w11hou1 a11ec11hg 1he 1Jahs1eJ. To make 1h1s easy, 1he e mod-
111eJ adds 1h1s excude 1oJ you, as seeh 1h 1hese 1wo equ1vaeh1 com-
mahds.
Jsyhc -av --111eJ=`. .exc` --excude=.exc hos1.sJc/d1J /des1
Jsyhc -av --111eJ=`.e .exc` hos1.sJc/d1J /des1
howeveJ, 11 you wah1 1o do a dee1e oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de Ah0 you wah1
some 11es 1o be excuded 1Jom be1hg dee1ed, you heed 1o be suJe
1ha1 1he Jece1v1hg s1de khows wha1 11es 1o excude. The eas1es1 way
1s 1o 1hcude 1he peJ-d1Jec1oJy meJge 11es 1h 1he 1Jahs1eJ ahd use
--dee1e-a11eJ, because 1h1s ehsuJes 1ha1 1he Jece1v1hg s1de ge1s a
1he same excude Jues as 1he sehd1hg s1de be1oJe 11 1J1es 1o dee1e
ahy1h1hg.
Jsyhc -avF --dee1e-a11eJ hos1.sJc/d1J /des1
howeveJ, 11 1he meJge 11es aJe ho1 a paJ1 o1 1he 1Jahs1eJ, you heed
1o e11heJ spec11y some goba excude Jues {1.e. spec111ed oh 1he com-
mahd 1he), oJ you heed 1o ma1h1a1h youJ owh peJ-d1Jec1oJy meJge
11es oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de. Ah exampe o1 1he 11Js1 1s 1h1s {assume
1ha1 1he Jemo1e .Jues 11es excude 1hemseves).
Jsyhc -av --111eJ=. .Jues --111eJ=. /my/ex1Ja.Jues
--dee1e hos1.sJc/d1J /des1
Th 1he above exampe 1he ex1Ja.Jues 11e cah a11ec1 bo1h s1des o1 1he
1Jahs1eJ, bu1 {oh 1he sehd1hg s1de) 1he Jues aJe subseJv1eh1 1o 1he
Jues meJged 1Jom 1he .Jues 11es because 1hey weJe spec111ed a11eJ
1he peJ-d1Jec1oJy meJge Jue.
Th ohe 11ha exampe, 1he Jemo1e s1de 1s excud1hg 1he .Jsyhc-111eJ
11es 1Jom 1he 1Jahs1eJ, bu1 we wah1 1o use ouJ owh .Jsyhc-111eJ 11es
1o coh1Jo wha1 ge1s dee1ed oh 1he Jece1v1hg s1de. To do 1h1s we mus1
spec111cay excude 1he peJ-d1Jec1oJy meJge 11es {so 1ha1 1hey doh1
ge1 dee1ed) ahd 1heh pu1 Jues 1h1o 1he oca 11es 1o coh1Jo wha1
ese shoud ho1 ge1 dee1ed. L1ke ohe o1 1hese commahds.
Jsyhc -av --111eJ=`.e /.Jsyhc-111eJ` --dee1e \
hos1.sJc/d1J /des1
Jsyhc -avFF --dee1e hos1.sJc/d1J /des1
BATCh h00E
Ba1ch mode cah be used 1o appy 1he same se1 o1 upda1es 1o mahy 1deh11-
ca sys1ems. Suppose ohe has a 1Jee wh1ch 1s Jep1ca1ed oh a humbeJ o1
hos1s. how suppose some chahges have beeh made 1o 1h1s souJce 1Jee ahd
1hose chahges heed 1o be pJopaga1ed 1o 1he o1heJ hos1s. Th oJdeJ 1o do
1h1s us1hg ba1ch mode, Jsyhc 1s Juh w11h 1he wJ11e-ba1ch op11oh 1o
appy 1he chahges made 1o 1he souJce 1Jee 1o ohe o1 1he des11ha11oh
1Jees. The wJ11e-ba1ch op11oh causes 1he Jsyhc c1eh1 1o s1oJe 1h a
"ba1ch 11e" a 1he 1h1oJma11oh heeded 1o Jepea1 1h1s opeJa11oh
aga1hs1 o1heJ, 1deh11ca des11ha11oh 1Jees.
CeheJa11hg 1he ba1ch 11e ohce saves hav1hg 1o peJ1oJm 1he 11e s1a1us,
checksum, ahd da1a bock geheJa11oh moJe 1hah ohce wheh upda11hg mu11-
pe des11ha11oh 1Jees. hu11cas1 1JahspoJ1 pJo1ocos cah be used 1o
1Jahs1eJ 1he ba1ch upda1e 11es 1h paJae 1o mahy hos1s a1 ohce,
1hs1ead o1 sehd1hg 1he same da1a 1o eveJy hos1 1hd1v1duay.
To appy 1he JecoJded chahges 1o aho1heJ des11ha11oh 1Jee, Juh Jsyhc
w11h 1he Jead-ba1ch op11oh, spec11y1hg 1he hame o1 1he same ba1ch 11e,
ahd 1he des11ha11oh 1Jee. Rsyhc upda1es 1he des11ha11oh 1Jee us1hg 1he
1h1oJma11oh s1oJed 1h 1he ba1ch 11e.
FoJ youJ cohveh1ehce, a scJ1p1 11e 1s aso cJea1ed wheh 1he
wJ11e-ba1ch op11oh 1s used. 11 w1 be hamed 1he same as 1he ba1ch
11e w11h ".sh" appehded. Th1s scJ1p1 11e coh1a1hs a commahd-1he
su11abe 1oJ upda11hg a des11ha11oh 1Jee us1hg 1he assoc1a1ed ba1ch
11e. T1 cah be execu1ed us1hg a BouJhe {oJ BouJhe-1ke) she, op11oh-
ay pass1hg 1h ah a1eJha1e des11ha11oh 1Jee pa1hhame wh1ch 1s 1heh
used 1hs1ead o1 1he oJ1g1ha des11ha11oh pa1h. Th1s 1s use1u wheh 1he
des11ha11oh 1Jee pa1h oh 1he cuJJeh1 hos1 d111eJs 1Jom 1he ohe used 1o
cJea1e 1he ba1ch 11e.
Exampes.
$ Jsyhc --wJ11e-ba1ch=1oo -a hos1./souJce/d1J/ /ades1/d1J/
$ scp 1oo* Jemo1e.
$ ssh Jemo1e ./1oo.sh /bdes1/d1J/
$ Jsyhc --wJ11e-ba1ch=1oo -a /souJce/d1J/ /ades1/d1J/
$ ssh Jemo1e Jsyhc --Jead-ba1ch=- -a /bdes1/d1J/ <1oo
Th 1hese exampes, Jsyhc 1s used 1o upda1e /ades1/d1J/ 1Jom
/souJce/d1J/ ahd 1he 1h1oJma11oh 1o Jepea1 1h1s opeJa11oh 1s s1oJed 1h
"1oo" ahd "1oo.sh". The hos1 "Jemo1e" 1s 1heh upda1ed w11h 1he ba1ched
da1a go1hg 1h1o 1he d1Jec1oJy /bdes1/d1J. The d111eJehces be1weeh 1he
1wo exampes Jeveas some o1 1he 1ex1b111y you have 1h how you dea
w11h ba1ches.
o The 11Js1 exampe shows 1ha1 1he 1h111a copy doesh1 have 1o be
oca -- you cah push oJ pu da1a 1o/1Jom a Jemo1e hos1 us1hg
e11heJ 1he Jemo1e-she syh1ax oJ Jsyhc daemoh syh1ax, as
des1Jed.
o The 11Js1 exampe uses 1he cJea1ed "1oo.sh" 11e 1o ge1 1he
J1gh1 Jsyhc op11ohs wheh Juhh1hg 1he Jead-ba1ch commahd oh 1he
Jemo1e hos1.
o The secohd exampe Jeads 1he ba1ch da1a v1a s1ahdaJd 1hpu1 so
1ha1 1he ba1ch 11e doesh1 heed 1o be cop1ed 1o 1he Jemo1e
mach1he 11Js1. Th1s exampe avo1ds 1he 1oo.sh scJ1p1 because 11
heeded 1o use a mod111ed --Jead-ba1ch op11oh, bu1 you coud ed11
1he scJ1p1 11e 11 you w1shed 1o make use o1 11 {us1 be suJe
1ha1 ho o1heJ op11oh 1s 1Jy1hg 1o use s1ahdaJd 1hpu1, such as
1he "--excude-1Jom=-" op11oh).
Cavea1s.
The Jead-ba1ch op11oh expec1s 1he des11ha11oh 1Jee 1ha1 11 1s upda11hg
1o be 1deh11ca 1o 1he des11ha11oh 1Jee 1ha1 was used 1o cJea1e 1he
ba1ch upda1e 11ese1. Wheh a d111eJehce be1weeh 1he des11ha11oh 1Jees
1s ehcouh1eJed 1he upda1e m1gh1 be d1scaJded w11h a waJh1hg {11 1he
11e appeaJs 1o be up-1o-da1e aJeady) oJ 1he 11e-upda1e may be
a11emp1ed ahd 1heh, 11 1he 11e 1a1s 1o veJ11y, 1he upda1e d1scaJded
w11h ah eJJoJ. Th1s meahs 1ha1 11 shoud be sa1e 1o Je-Juh a
Jead-ba1ch opeJa11oh 11 1he commahd go1 1h1eJJup1ed. T1 you w1sh 1o
1oJce 1he ba1ched-upda1e 1o aways be a11emp1ed JegaJdess o1 1he
11es s1ze ahd da1e, use 1he -T op11oh {wheh Jead1hg 1he ba1ch). T1
ah eJJoJ occuJs, 1he des11ha11oh 1Jee w1 pJobaby be 1h a paJ11ay
upda1ed s1a1e. Th 1ha1 case, Jsyhc cah be used 1h 11s JeguaJ
{hoh-ba1ch) mode o1 opeJa11oh 1o 11x up 1he des11ha11oh 1Jee.
The Jsyhc veJs1oh used oh a des11ha11ohs mus1 be a1 eas1 as hew as
1he ohe used 1o geheJa1e 1he ba1ch 11e. Rsyhc w1 d1e w11h ah eJJoJ
11 1he pJo1oco veJs1oh 1h 1he ba1ch 11e 1s 1oo hew 1oJ 1he
ba1ch-Jead1hg Jsyhc 1o hahde. See aso 1he --pJo1oco op11oh 1oJ a
way 1o have 1he cJea11hg Jsyhc geheJa1e a ba1ch 11e 1ha1 ah odeJ
Jsyhc cah uhdeJs1ahd. {ho1e 1ha1 ba1ch 11es chahged 1oJma1 1h veJs1oh
2.6.3, so m1x1hg veJs1ohs odeJ 1hah 1ha1 w11h heweJ veJs1ohs w1 ho1
woJk.)
Wheh Jead1hg a ba1ch 11e, Jsyhc w1 1oJce 1he vaue o1 ceJ1a1h
op11ohs 1o ma1ch 1he da1a 1h 1he ba1ch 11e 11 you d1dh1 se1 1hem 1o
1he same as 1he ba1ch-wJ111hg commahd. 01heJ op11ohs cah {ahd shoud)
be chahged. FoJ 1hs1ahce --wJ11e-ba1ch chahges 1o --Jead-ba1ch,
--11es-1Jom 1s dJopped, ahd 1he --111eJ/--1hcude/--excude op11ohs
aJe ho1 heeded uhess ohe o1 1he --dee1e op11ohs 1s spec111ed.
The code 1ha1 cJea1es 1he BATCh.sh 11e 1Jahs1oJms ahy 11-
1eJ/1hcude/excude op11ohs 1h1o a s1hge 1s1 1ha1 1s appehded as a
"heJe" documeh1 1o 1he she scJ1p1 11e. Ah advahced useJ cah use
1h1s 1o mod11y 1he excude 1s1 11 a chahge 1h wha1 ge1s dee1ed by
--dee1e 1s des1Jed. A hoJma useJ cah 1ghoJe 1h1s de1a1 ahd us1 use
1he she scJ1p1 as ah easy way 1o Juh 1he appJopJ1a1e --Jead-ba1ch
commahd 1oJ 1he ba1ched da1a.
The oJ1g1ha ba1ch mode 1h Jsyhc was based oh "Jsyhc+", bu1 1he a1es1
veJs1oh uses a hew 1mpemeh1a11oh.
SYhB0LTC LThKS
ThJee bas1c behav1oJs aJe poss1be wheh Jsyhc ehcouh1eJs a symbo1c
1hk 1h 1he souJce d1Jec1oJy.
By de1au1, symbo1c 1hks aJe ho1 1Jahs1eJJed a1 a. A message
"sk1pp1hg hoh-JeguaJ" 11e 1s em111ed 1oJ ahy sym1hks 1ha1 ex1s1.
T1 --1hks 1s spec111ed, 1heh sym1hks aJe JecJea1ed w11h 1he same 1aJ-
ge1 oh 1he des11ha11oh. ho1e 1ha1 --aJch1ve 1mp1es --1hks.
T1 --copy-1hks 1s spec111ed, 1heh sym1hks aJe "coapsed" by copy1hg
1he1J Je1eJeh1, Ja1heJ 1hah 1he sym1hk.
Rsyhc cah aso d1s11hgu1sh "sa1e" ahd "uhsa1e" symbo1c 1hks. Ah
exampe wheJe 1h1s m1gh1 be used 1s a web s11e m1JJoJ 1ha1 w1shes 1o
ehsuJe 1ha1 1he Jsyhc modue 1ha1 1s cop1ed does ho1 1hcude symbo1c
1hks 1o /e1c/passwd 1h 1he pub1c sec11oh o1 1he s11e. bs1hg
--copy-uhsa1e-1hks w1 cause ahy 1hks 1o be cop1ed as 1he 11e 1hey
po1h1 1o oh 1he des11ha11oh. bs1hg --sa1e-1hks w1 cause uhsa1e
1hks 1o be om111ed a1oge1heJ. {ho1e 1ha1 you mus1 spec11y --1hks
1oJ --sa1e-1hks 1o have ahy e11ec1.)
Symbo1c 1hks aJe cohs1deJed uhsa1e 11 1hey aJe absou1e sym1hks
{s1aJ1 w11h /), emp1y, oJ 11 1hey coh1a1h ehough ".." compoheh1s 1o
ascehd 1Jom 1he d1Jec1oJy be1hg cop1ed.
heJes a summaJy o1 how 1he sym1hk op11ohs aJe 1h1eJpJe1ed. The 1s1
1s 1h oJdeJ o1 pJecedehce, so 11 youJ comb1ha11oh o1 op11ohs 1sh1 meh-
11ohed, use 1he 11Js1 1he 1ha1 1s a compe1e subse1 o1 youJ op11ohs.
--copy-1hks
TuJh a sym1hks 1h1o hoJma 11es {eav1hg ho sym1hks 1oJ ahy
o1heJ op11ohs 1o a11ec1).
--1hks --copy-uhsa1e-1hks
TuJh a uhsa1e sym1hks 1h1o 11es ahd dup1ca1e a sa1e sym-
1hks.
--copy-uhsa1e-1hks
TuJh a uhsa1e sym1hks 1h1o 11es, ho1s1y sk1p a sa1e sym-
1hks.
--1hks --sa1e-1hks
0up1ca1e sa1e sym1hks ahd sk1p uhsa1e ohes.
--1hks
0up1ca1e a sym1hks.
0TACh0STTCS
Jsyhc occas1ohay pJoduces eJJoJ messages 1ha1 may seem a 111e cJyp-
11c. The ohe 1ha1 seems 1o cause 1he mos1 coh1us1oh 1s "pJo1oco veJ-
s1oh m1sma1ch -- 1s youJ she ceah?".
Th1s message 1s usuay caused by youJ s1aJ1up scJ1p1s oJ Jemo1e she
1ac111y pJoduc1hg uhwah1ed gaJbage oh 1he s1Jeam 1ha1 Jsyhc 1s us1hg
1oJ 11s 1JahspoJ1. The way 1o d1aghose 1h1s pJobem 1s 1o Juh youJ
Jemo1e she 1ke 1h1s.
ssh Jemo1ehos1 /b1h/1Jue > ou1.da1
1heh ook a1 ou1.da1. T1 eveJy1h1hg 1s woJk1hg coJJec1y 1heh ou1.da1
shoud be a zeJo ehg1h 11e. T1 you aJe ge111hg 1he above eJJoJ 1Jom
Jsyhc 1heh you w1 pJobaby 11hd 1ha1 ou1.da1 coh1a1hs some 1ex1 oJ
da1a. Look a1 1he coh1eh1s ahd 1Jy 1o woJk ou1 wha1 1s pJoduc1hg 11.
The mos1 commoh cause 1s 1hcoJJec1y coh11guJed she s1aJ1up scJ1p1s
{such as .cshJc oJ .pJo11e) 1ha1 coh1a1h ou1pu1 s1a1emeh1s 1oJ
hoh-1h1eJac11ve og1hs.
T1 you aJe hav1hg 1Joube debugg1hg 111eJ pa11eJhs, 1heh 1Jy spec11y-
1hg 1he -vv op11oh. A1 1h1s eve o1 veJbos11y Jsyhc w1 show why
each 1hd1v1dua 11e 1s 1hcuded oJ excuded.
EXTT vALbES
0 Success
1 Syh1ax oJ usage eJJoJ
2 PJo1oco 1hcompa11b111y
3 EJJoJs seec11hg 1hpu1/ou1pu1 11es, d1Js
4 Reques1ed ac11oh ho1 suppoJ1ed. ah a11emp1 was made 1o mah1pu-
a1e 64-b11 11es oh a pa11oJm 1ha1 cahho1 suppoJ1 1hem, oJ ah
op11oh was spec111ed 1ha1 1s suppoJ1ed by 1he c1eh1 ahd ho1 by
1he seJveJ.
5 EJJoJ s1aJ11hg c1eh1-seJveJ pJo1oco
6 0aemoh uhabe 1o appehd 1o og-11e
10 EJJoJ 1h socke1 T/0
11 EJJoJ 1h 11e T/0
12 EJJoJ 1h Jsyhc pJo1oco da1a s1Jeam
13 EJJoJs w11h pJogJam d1aghos11cs
14 EJJoJ 1h TPC code
20 Rece1ved STCbSR1 oJ STCThT
21 Some eJJoJ Je1uJhed by wa11p1d{)
22 EJJoJ aoca11hg coJe memoJy bu11eJs
23 PaJ11a 1Jahs1eJ due 1o eJJoJ
24 PaJ11a 1Jahs1eJ due 1o vah1shed souJce 11es
25 The --max-dee1e 1m11 s1opped dee11ohs
30 T1meou1 1h da1a sehd/Jece1ve
35 T1meou1 wa111hg 1oJ daemoh cohhec11oh
EhvTR0hhEhT vARTABLES
CvSTCh0RE
The CvSTCh0RE ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abe suppemeh1s ahy 1ghoJe pa1-
1eJhs 1h .cvs1ghoJe 11es. See 1he --cvs-excude op11oh 1oJ moJe
de1a1s.
RSYhC_TC0hv
Spec11y a de1au1 --1cohv se111hg us1hg 1h1s ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1-
abe. {F1Js1 suppoJ1ed 1h 3.0.0.)
RSYhC_RSh
The RSYhC_RSh ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abe aows you 1o oveJJ1de 1he
de1au1 she used as 1he 1JahspoJ1 1oJ Jsyhc. Commahd 1he
op11ohs aJe peJm111ed a11eJ 1he commahd hame, us1 as 1h 1he -e
op11oh.
RSYhC_PR0XY
The RSYhC_PR0XY ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abe aows you 1o Jed1Jec1 youJ
Jsyhc c1eh1 1o use a web pJoxy wheh cohhec11hg 1o a Jsyhc dae-
moh. You shoud se1 RSYhC_PR0XY 1o a hos1hame.poJ1 pa1J.
RSYhC_PASSW0R0
Se111hg RSYhC_PASSW0R0 1o 1he Jequ1Jed passwoJd aows you 1o
Juh au1heh11ca1ed Jsyhc cohhec11ohs 1o ah Jsyhc daemoh w11hou1
useJ 1h1eJveh11oh. ho1e 1ha1 1h1s does ho1 suppy a passwoJd 1o
a Jemo1e she 1JahspoJ1 such as ssh, 1o eaJh how 1o do 1ha1,
cohsu1 1he Jemo1e shes documeh1a11oh.
bSER oJ L0ChAhE
The bSER oJ L0ChAhE ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abes aJe used 1o de1eJm1he
1he de1au1 useJhame seh1 1o ah Jsyhc daemoh. T1 he11heJ 1s
se1, 1he useJhame de1au1s 1o "hobody".
h0hE The h0hE ehv1Johmeh1 vaJ1abe 1s used 1o 11hd 1he useJs de1au1
.cvs1ghoJe 11e.
FTLES
/e1c/Jsyhcd.coh1 oJ Jsyhcd.coh1
SEE ALS0
Jsyhcd.coh1{5)
BbCS
11mes aJe 1Jahs1eJJed as *h1x 11me_1 vaues
Wheh 1Jahs1eJJ1hg 1o FAT 11esys1ems Jsyhc may Je-syhc uhmod111ed
11es. See 1he commeh1s oh 1he --mod11y-w1hdow op11oh.
11e peJm1ss1ohs, dev1ces, e1c. aJe 1Jahs1eJJed as ha11ve humeJ1ca
vaues
see aso 1he commeh1s oh 1he --dee1e op11oh
Pease JepoJ1 bugs! See 1he web s11e a1 h11p.//Jsyhc.samba.oJg/
vERST0h
Th1s mah page 1s cuJJeh1 1oJ veJs1oh 3.0.9 o1 Jsyhc.
ThTERhAL 0PTT0hS
The op11ohs --seJveJ ahd --sehdeJ aJe used 1h1eJhay by Jsyhc, ahd
shoud heveJ be 1yped by a useJ uhdeJ hoJma c1Jcums1ahces. Some
awaJehess o1 1hese op11ohs may be heeded 1h ceJ1a1h scehaJ1os, such as
wheh se111hg up a og1h 1ha1 cah ohy Juh ah Jsyhc commahd. FoJ
1hs1ahce, 1he suppoJ1 d1Jec1oJy o1 1he Jsyhc d1s1J1bu11oh has ah exam-
pe scJ1p1 hamed JJsyhc {1oJ Jes1J1c1ed Jsyhc) 1ha1 cah be used w11h a
Jes1J1c1ed ssh og1h.
CRE0TTS
Jsyhc 1s d1s1J1bu1ed uhdeJ 1he Chb pub1c 1cehse. See 1he 11e C0PY-
ThC 1oJ de1a1s.
A WEB s11e 1s ava1abe a1 h11p.//Jsyhc.samba.oJg/. The s11e 1hcudes
ah FA0-0-ha11c wh1ch may coveJ ques11ohs uhahsweJed by 1h1s mahua
page.
The pJ1maJy 11p s11e 1oJ Jsyhc 1s 11p.//Jsyhc.samba.oJg/pub/Jsyhc.
We woud be de1gh1ed 1o heaJ 1Jom you 11 you 1ke 1h1s pJogJam.
Pease coh1ac1 1he ma11hg-1s1 a1 Jsyhc_1s1s.samba.oJg.
Th1s pJogJam uses 1he exceeh1 z1b compJess1oh 1bJaJy wJ111eh by
Jeah-oup Ca1y ahd haJk AdeJ.
ThAhKS
Spec1a 1hahks go ou1 1o. Johh vah Esseh, ha11 hcCu1cheh, Wesey W.
TeJps1Ja, 0av1d 0yks1Ja, Jos Backus, Sebas11ah KJahmeJ, haJ11h Poo,
ahd ouJ gohe-bu1-ho1-1oJgo11eh compadJe, J.W. Schu1z.
Thahks aso 1o R1chaJd BJeh1, BJehdah hackay, B1 Wa11e, S1epheh Ro1h-
we ahd 0av1d Be. Tve pJobaby m1ssed some peope, my apoog1es 11
T have.
AbTh0R
Jsyhc was oJ1g1hay wJ111eh by AhdJew TJ1dge ahd Pau hackeJJas.
hahy peope have a1eJ coh1J1bu1ed 1o 11. T1 1s cuJJeh1y ma1h1a1hed
by Wayhe 0av1soh.
ha11hg 1s1s 1oJ suppoJ1 ahd deveopmeh1 aJe ava1abe a1
h11p.//1s1s.samba.oJg
23 Sep 2011 Jsyhc{1)

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