B GIO DC V O TO

TRNG I HC TY BC
------------------o0o------------------



NGN HNG THI



K THUT HA



DNH CHO: H S PHM TIN HC, H CNTT




Ngi thc hin: ThS. Nguyn Vn T
CN. Giang Thnh Trung
n v: B mn KHMT-Thng tin





SN LA 2011
2
D LIU NGN HNG THI
MN: K thut ha
(Dng cho: Ngnh HSP Tin hc, H Cng ngh thng tin - H chnh quy)


CNG THC XC LP THI:
1 thi (10 im) = 50 cu loi 0,2 im (15 cu Loi 1 + 25 cu Loi 2 + 10 cu Loi 3)
Hnh thc thi: Thi trc nghim
Thi gian lm bi: 90 pht

LOI 1:

to ra cc im nh (pixel) th phng php no khng ng:
A. T trt (rendering)
B. Ri rc ho (s ho) hnh nh thc ca i tng
C. Da vo cc l thuyt m phng (Fractal)
D. Dng phn mm v trc tip tng im nh mt

Trong k thut ha im, pht biu no sau y khng ng:
A. D dng thay i thuc tnh ca i tng (mu sc, sng)
B. Quan st i tng nhiu gc nhn khc nhau bng cch thay i gc nhn
C. Xo i d dng tng pixel ca i tng
D. i tng c hin th thng qua tng mu ri rc

Trong k thut ha Vector, pht biu no sau y khng ng:
A. Cc i tng c xy dng bng m hnh v thuc tnh ca chng.
B. C th bin i trn m hnh gc quan st t cc gc nhn khc nhau hay hiu
chnh v thuc tnh hnh hc ca i tng.
C. Khng th thao tc trn cc thnh phn hnh hc ca i tng.
D. Phi chuyn sang ho im khi hin th.

Trong cc phng n sau y, phng n no khng phi l ng dng ca k thut ha:
A. Tnh khi lng vt liu (st, thp) cho mt to nh
B. iu khin cc qu trnh sn xut
C. Tnh th tch hoc din tch cc hnh trong thit k cng trnh xy dng
D. Gii tr ngh thut v m phng

Cc chun sau th chun no khng thuc chun giao din ca h ho:
A. GKS
B. OPENGL
C. IEEE802.11
D. CGI

T s phng (aspect ratio) ca mn hnh l 1.4. Vy mt hnh trn khi hin th trn mn
3
hnh s cho:
A. Hnh ellipse nm ngang (bn knh theo trc x di hn bn knh theo trc y)
B. Hnh trn
C. Hnh thoi
D. Hnh ellipse ng (bn knh theo trc x ngn hn bn knh theo trc y)

Khi xy dng gii thut tng qut v on thng, cc trng hp ca h s k (h s gc
ca on thng) l:
A. 1
B. 8
C. 4
D. 2

biu din on thng ta c th s dng phng trnh tham s nh sau:
A. f(x, y) = 0 hay ax + by + c = 0
B. x(v) = x
1
+ v(x
2
x
1
) v y(v) = y
1
+ v(y
2
y
1
) vi v [0, 1]
C. P(u) = P
1
+ u(P
2
P
1
) vi u [0, 1]
D. y = f(x) hay y = kx + b

Phng trnh khng tng minh cho ng trn l (r l bn knh ca ng trn):
A. f(x, y) = x
2

+ y
2

r
2

= 0
B. f(x, y) = b
2
x
2

+ a
2
y
2

a
2
b
2

= 0
C. (x - 1)
2

+ (y - 1)
2

= (r - 1)
2

D. f(x
i
+ 1, y
i
- 1/2) = 0


Phng trnh khng tng minh cho ng ellipse l : (ra l bn knh theo trc Ox, rb l bn
knh theo trc Oy v (xc, yc) l to tm):
A. f(x, y) = rb
2
(xc + x)
2
+ ra
2
(yc + y)
2
ra
2
rb
2
= 0
B. f(x, y) = (xc + x)
2
/ra
2

+ (yc + y)
2
/rb
2

ra
2
rb
2

= 0
C. f(x
i
+1, y
i
- 1/2) = 0

D. ra
2
(xc + x)
2

+ rb
2
(yc + y)
2

ra
2
rb
2
= 0

Theo gii thut Midpoint v on thng th d
i
= f(x
i
+1, y
i
+1/2) - trung im; vi gi tr no
ca d
i
trung im nm di on thng:
A. d
i
= 0
B. d
i
< 0
C. d
i
= d
i+1

D. d
i
> 0

Theo gii thut Midpoint v ng cong (trn, ellipse) th d
i
= f(x
i
+1, y
i
) trung
im. Vi gi tr no ca d
i
trung im nm ngoi ng cong.

A. d
i
= d
i+1
4
B. d
i
= 0
C. d
i
> 0
D. d
i
< 0

Trong gii thut Bresenham (v on thng), phng trnh dng biu din on thng l:
A. Phng trnh khng tng minh
B. Phng trnh tng minh
C. Phng trnh cc im gn vi on thng
D. Phng trnh tham s

Trong gii thut Midpoint (v on thng), phng trnh dng biu din on thng l:
A. Phng trnh khng tng minh
B. Phng trnh tng minh
C. Phng trnh im gia
D. Phng trnh tham s

Gii thut LyangBarsky c xy dng da vo phng trnh ng thng:
A. Khng tng minh f(x,y) = 0
B. Do ng a ra
C. Tng minh y=f(x)
D. Tham s x = x(t), y = y(t) c [ ] 0,1 t

Tnh ma trn bin i i tng t ca s vo cng xem nh sau:
A.
max min
max min
max min
max min
0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1
0 0 1
w w
v v
w w
v v
w w v v
x x
x x
y y
y y
x y x y
1
1

1
1 1
1
1 1

1
1 1

1
1 1
] ]
1
1
]

B.
max min
max min
max min
max min
0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1
0 0 1
v v
w w
v v
w w
v v w w
x x
x x
y y
y y
x y x y
1
1

1
1 1
1
1 1

1
1 1

1
1 1
] ]
1
1
]

C.
max min
max min
max min
max min
0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1
0 0 1
v v
w w
v v
w w
w w v v
x x
x x
y y
y y
x y x y
1
1

1
1 1
1
1 1

1
1 1

1
1 1
] ]
1
1
]

5
D.
max min
max min
max min
max min
0 0
1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 1
0 0 1
v v
w w
v v
w w
w w v v
x x
x x
y y
y y
x y x y
1
1

1
1 1
1
1 1

1
1 1

1
1 1
] ]
1
1
]


Da vo gii thut LyangBarsky, cng thc tnh gi tr mi u
0
v u
1
l:
A.
{ } { }
0 1
min 0 : , 0 max 1 : , 0
k k
k k k k k k
k k
q q
u u u P u u u P
P P
_ _
< >
' ; ' ;

, ,

B.
{ } { }
0 1
max 1 : , 0 min 0 : , 0
k k
k k k k k k
k k
q q
u u u P u u u P
P P
_ _
< >
' ; ' ;

, ,

C.
{ } { }
0 1
min 1 : , 0 max 0 : , 0
k k
k k k k k k
k k
q q
u u u P u u u P
P P
_ _
< >
' ; ' ;

, ,

D.
{ } { }
0 1
max 0 : , 0 min 1 : , 0
k k
k k k k k k
k k
q q
u u u P u u u P
P P
_ _
< >
' ; ' ;

, ,


Cho on thng AB c ta A(x
1
, y
1
) v B(x
2
, y
2
). Xt mt im P(x, y) nm bn tri hay
bn phi on thng AB ta tnh gi tr xc nh hng C theo cng thc sau:
A. (x
2
x
1
)(y y
1
) (y
2
y
1
)(x x
1
)
B. (x
1
x
2
)(y y
1
) (y
1
y
2
)(x x
1
)

C. (x
1
x
2
)(y y
2
) (y
1
y
2
)(x x
2
)

D. (x x
1
)(y y
1
) (y
2
y
1
)(x x
2
)

Theo gii thut Cohen Sutherland tnh to ct ca on thng cn ct ta vi ca s ct
ta nh sau: (c k l dc ca on thng)
A.
min 1
min 1
min min
max
min
max max
1 min 1
max
( )
c
c
c
c
y y
x x x
x x x y y
m
x
y
x x y y
y
y y m x x
y

+

' '



+

B.
max 1
min 1
min min
max
min
max max
1 max 1
max
( )
c
c
c
c
y y
x x x
x x x y y
m
x
y
x x y y
y
y y m x x
y

+

' '



+

C.
min
min min 1 1
max
min
1
max max max 1
( )
c c c
c
c
c
x
x x y y x x k y y x
x
y
y
x x
y x x y y y y
k

' '

6
D.
1
min min min 1
max
min
1 1 max max
max
( )
c
c
c
c
c c
y y
x x y y x x x
x
k
x
y
y
y y k x x x x y y
y


+

' '


+

Trong cc phng php sau y, phng php no khng phi biu din i tng 3D trn
thit b hin th 2D:
A. Thay i trc to
B. T cht b mt
C. K thut nh du su
D. Ct lt

Trong cc cch sau, cch no khng phi dng m t i tng 3D:
A. Tham s
B. Knh stereo
C. Nt khut
D. a gic

Php khng phi l php chiu.
A. Chiu nh x
B. Chiu trc lng
C. Chiu Isometric
D. Chiu Cabinet

Trong cc php sau th php no khng phi thuc php chiu trc giao.
A. Chiu ng
B. Chiu mt ct
C. Chiu bng
D. Chiu cnh

Php chiu Trimetric l php chiu song song c cc tia chiu vung gc vi mn chiu, hnh
chiu thu c sau khi quay i tng sao cho 3 mt ca i tng c trng thy (thng
mt phng chiu l z = 0) v h s co ... .
A.
1
2
fx fy fz
B. fx fy fz
C.
2
3
fx fy fz
D. fx fy

Php chiu Isometric l php chiu song song c cc tia chiu vung gc vi mn chiu, hnh
chiu thu c sau khi quay i tng sao cho 3 mt ca i tng c trng thy (thng
mt phng chiu l z = 0) v h s co ... .
A.
1
2
fx fy fz
B. fx fy fz
7
C.
2
3
fx fy fz
D. fx fy

Php chiu Cabinet l php chiu c t l co l:
A. f = 0.8165
B. f = 1.2
C. f = 1/2
D. f = 1

Php chiu Cavalier l php chiu c t l co l:
A. f = 1/2
B. f = 1.2
C. f = 1
D. f = 0.8165

Ma trn sau
[ ]
0 0 0
0
0 0 0
cos 45 sin 45 cos35.26 0 0
0 cos35.26 0 0
sin 45 cos 45 sin35.26 0 0
0 0 0 1
T
1
1
1

1
]

l ma trn bin i ca php chiu:
A. Cavalier
B. Isometric
C. Cabinet
D. Dimetric

Hnh sau l php chiu:

A. Dimetric
B. Trimetric
C. Othergraphic (trc giao)
D. Isometric

Hnh sau l php chiu:
8

A. Cavalier
B. Phi cnh mt tm chiu
C. Cabinet
D. Phi cnh hai tm chiu

Hnh sau l php chiu:

A. Phi cnh mt tm chiu
B. Cavalier
C. Phi cnh hai tm chiu
D. Cabinet

Hnh sau l php chiu:

A. Phi cnh mt tm chiu
B. Phi cnh hai tm chiu
C. Cabinet
D. Cavalier

Hnh sau l php chiu:
9

A. Phi cnh
B. Xin
C. Trc giao
D. Trc lng

Hnh sau l php chiu:

A. Xin
B. Phi cnh
C. Trc giao
D. Trc lng

Php chiu no sau y khng phi php chiu phi cnh?
A. Mt tm chiu
B. Ba tm chiu
C. Hai tm chiu
D. Bn tm chiu

Php chiu Cavalier l php chiu xin c to thnh khi cc tia chiu lm thnh vi mt
phng chiu mt gc
A. 90
0

B. 35.26
0

C. 60
0

D. 45
0


Php chiu Cabinet l php chiu xin c to thnh khi cc tia chiu lm thnh vi mt
phng chiu mt gc.
A. 35.26
0

B. 90
0

C. 45
0

D. 63.435
0


Php chiu Isometric c 3 t l co trn ba trc bng nhau v bng:
A.
3
2
f
B. f=1
10
C.
2
3
f
D.
1
2
f

Php chiu Dimetric l php chiu song song c cc tia chiu vung gc vi mn chiu, hnh
chiu thu c sau khi quay i tng sao cho 3 mt ca i tng c trng thy (thng
mt phng chiu l z = 0) v h s co ... .
A.
2
3
fx fy fz
B. fx = fy
C. fx fy fz
D.
1
2
fx fy fz

Vi mn hnh CRT th gi tr gama l:
A. 3.3 n 4
B. 1.5
C. 1.01
D. T 2.3 n 2.6

Cc c trng c bn ca nh sng l:
A. Sc thi (tints), sc (shade) v tng mu (tone)
B. Mu sc (Hue), bo ho (Saturation) v sng (Lightness)
C. sng (Lightness), sc (shade) v bo ho (saturation)
D. Cng (intensity), chiu sng (Iluuminance) v sng (Brighness)

Trong nh en trng, ta biu din mt im nh trn mn hnh theo cc mu t. Nu ma trn
li ca mu t kch thc 4x4, th chng ta c tt c s mu t l:
A. 15
B. 16
C. 17
D. 18

Theo tnh ton th r l mc ngng phn bit ca mt, vy r phi nh hn gi tr no mt
khng phn bit c s khc lnh gia hai cng ln cn nhau.
A. 1.5
B. 2.3 - 2.6
C. 1.01
D. Rt kh xc nh

Trong cc m hnh mu sau th m hnh no khng nh hng phn cng:
A. HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value)
B. RGB (Red, Green, Blue)
C. CMY (Cyan, Mangenta, Yellow)
D. YIQ

H mu no s dng cho thit b in mu:
11
A. M hnh mu b
B. CMY-K
C. YIQ
D. RGB

H mu m con ngi cm nhn l:
A. CIE
B. CMY (Cyan - xanh tm, Mangenta - ti v Yellow - vng)
C. Hue (sc mu), Saturation ( bo ho) v Lightness ( sng)
D. RGB (Red - , Green - lc, Blue - lam)

Ta c ba hp mu nc (Red), lc (Green) v lam (Blue) em trn cc mu bo ho v cn
bng th thu c mu:
A. en
B. Cha xc nh
C. Trng
D.

Ta c 3 hp mu Cyan (xanh tm), Magenta ( ti) v Yellow (vng) trn bo ho th c
mu (theo l thuyt):
A. Xanh lc
B. en
C. Trng
D.

M hnh mu CIE c hnh:
A. Lp phng
B. Mng nga
C. Chp nn ngc
D. Tr

Trong php chiu phi cnh 2 tm chiu nu 2 tm chiu c ta l (-1/p, 0, 0) v (0, -1/q,
0) th cc im trit tiu tng ng nm trn trc no:
A. Trc Ox, Oy
B. Trc Ox, Oz
C. Trc Oy, Oz
D. Khng c im trit tiu

Trong php chiu phi cnh 3 tm chiu nu 3 tm chiu c ta l (-1/p, 0, 0), (0, -1/q, 0),
(0, 0, -1/r) th cc im trit tiu tng ng l:
A. (p, 0, 0); (0, q, 0); (0, 0, r)
B. (-p, 0, 0); (0, -q, 0); (0, 0, -r)
C. (1/p, 0, 0); (0, 1/q, 0); (0, 0, 1/r)
D. (-1/p, 0, 0); (0, -1/q, 0); (0, 0, -1/r)

Php chiu Trimetric c ma trn chiu tng hp tng ng l:
12
[ ]
' '
' '
' '
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 0 0 1
x x
y y
z z
x y
x y
T
x y
1
1
1

1
1
]

T l co (Shortening Factor - SF) trn trc oy l:
A.
' 2 ' 2
x x
f x y +
B.
' 2 ' 2
y y
f x y +
C.
' 2 ' 2
x y
f x y +
D.
' 2 ' 2
z z
f x y +

Trong m hnh mu RGB (Red, Green, Blue) th mu en l:
A. (0,0,0)
B. (1,0,0)
C. (1,1,1)
D. (0,0,1)

Trong m hnh mu RGB (Red, Green, Blue) th mu trng l:
A. (0,0,0)
B. (1,0,0)
C. (1,1,1)
D. (0,0,1)

Trong m hnh mu CMY-K(m hnh ng dng trong my in) th mu trng l:
A. (0,0,0)
B. (1,1,1)
C. (1,0,0)
D. (0,0,1)

M hnh sau thuc m hnh mu:

A. RGB
B. HSV
C. CMY
D. CIE

M hnh sau thuc m hnh mu:
13

A. CIE
B. CMY
C. HLS
D. RGB

14
LOI 2:

Gi s mn hnh ca bn ang s dng c phn gii (resolution) l 1024x768 th s im
nh ca mn hnh l:
A. 784641
B. 785408
C. 786431
D. 786432

Gi s mn hnh ca bn ang s dng c phn gii (resolution) l 640x480 th s im
nh ca mn hnh l:
A. 306081
B. 307200
C. 306082
D. 307199

Nu thng tin mi pixel trn mn hnh ta dng 8-bit, th bng LUT (LookUp Table) c s
mu l:
A. 256 mu
B. 8 mu
C. 1024 mu
D. 32 mu

Nu thng tin mi pixel trn mn hnh ta dng 10-bit. Th bng LUT (LookUp Table) c s
mu l:
A. 1024 mu
B. 32 mu
C. 256 mu
D. 10 mu

Gi s mn hnh ca bn ang s dng c phn gii (resolution) l 640x480 th lnh sau
(vit bng ngn ng C++ )
printf(\n Toa o: %d, getmaxx() - 10);
S cho kt qu no khi chy chng trnh:
A. Toa do: 631
B. Toa do: 629
C. Toa do: 630
D. Toa do: 640

Gi s mn hnh ca bn ang s dng c phn gii (resolution) l 640x480 th lnh sau
(vit bng ngn ng C++ )
printf(\n Toa do: %d, getmaxy() - 20); S cho kt qu khi chy chng trnh:
15
A. Toa o: 460
B. Toa do: 461
C. Toa do: 459
D. Toa do: 480

Cho mn hnh c phn gii 1024x1024 v mi pixel c m t 24bit, vy video RAM
ca mn hnh l:
A. 3 MB
B. 24 MB
C. 8 MB
D. 1048576 bit

Nu thng tin mi 1 pixel trn mn hnh ta dng 16-bit. Th bng LUT (LookUp Table) c s
mu l:
A. 16 mu
B. 1024 mu
C. 65536 mu
D. 10
16

mu

Cho on thng ni hai im c ta l (-2, 6) v (6, 18), tnh gi tr ca k (k l h s gc
ca on thng ni 2 im).
A. k = 3
B. k = -6
C. k = 1.5
D. k = -3

Cho on thng ni hai im c ta l (-2, -6) v (3, -2), tnh gi tr ca k (k l h s gc
ca on thng ni 2 im).
A. k = -0.8
B. k = 3
C. k = 0.8
D. k = 1.5

Khi xy dng gii thut v ng trn y ta ch cn vit phng trnh cho 1/8
ng trn, ri gi i xng 8 cch. Khi xy ra hin tng overstrike. Vy im xy ra
hin tng l: (r l bn knh ca ng trn)
A.
1 1
( , 0) (0, ) ,
2 2
r r r r
_

,
hoc hoc
B. (0, r) hoc (0, -r) hoc (r, 0) hoc (-r, 0)
C. (r, 0) hoc (0, r)
16
D.
1 1
(0, ) ,
2 2
hoc r r r
_

,


Cho phng trnh xy dng gii thut v v ng ellipse: F(x,y)=b
2
x
2
+a
2
y
2
-a
2
b
2
=0 th
sau khi v 1/4 ng ellipse ri ly i xng c ng ellipse hon chnh th xy ra
hin tng overtrike ti nhng im no trong cc im di y:
A. (0, b); (0, -b); (a, 0); (-a, 0)
B. (b, 0); (-b, 0); (a, 0); (-a, 0)
C. (0, b); (0, -b); (0, a); (0, -a)
D. (b, 0); (-b, 0); (0, a); (0, -a)

Ta c hm sau: line(getmaxx(), 0, 0, getmaxy()); l v mt on thng c 2 im u cui l:
(vit bng C++)
A. Gc tri trn v gc phi di ca mn hnh
B. gia bn di v gc tri trn ca mn hnh
C. gia bn trn v gc phi di mn hnh
D. Gc phi trn v gc tri di ca mn hnh

Ta c hm sau: line(0, getmaxy(), getmaxx(), getmaxy()); l v mt on thng c 2 im u
cui l: (vit bng C++)
A. Gc tri di v gc phi di ca mn hnh
B. gia bn di v gc tri trn ca mn hnh
C. gia bn trn v gc phi di mn hnh
D. Gc phi trn v gc tri di ca mn hnh

Ta c hai hm sau (vit bng C++): moveto(getmaxx()/2, 0); lineto(0, getmaxy()); L v mt
on thng c hai im u cui l:
A. gia bn phi v gc tri trn mn hnh
B. gia bn di v gc phi trn mn hnh
C. gia bn tri v gc phi di mn hnh
D. gia bn trn v gc tri di mn hnh

on thng c 2 im u cui l (1, 1) v (8, 5). Dng thut ton Bresenham v on
thng; tnh cc gi tr p, y ti x = 3.
A. p = 5 v y = 3
B. p = 2 v y = 4
C. p = -3 v y = 2
D. p = -3 v y = 3

on thng c 2 im cui l (1, 1) v (8, 5). Dng thut ton Midpoint v on thng; tnh
cc gi tr d, y ti x = 3.
A. d = 4 v y = 3
17
B. d = -3 v y = 3
C. d = -2 v y = 2
D. d = 2 v y = 2

Trong mt phng, tm phng n khng ng khi biu din mt im:
A. (1, 6)
B.
20
23
1
1
]

C. (x, y, h)
D. (4, -20, 0)

Trong mt phng to , cho im A c ta (3, -1.5). Biu din A dng to thun
nht c th l:
A. (3, -1.5, 2)
B. (3, -1.5, -2)
C. (6, -1.5, 2)
D. (9, -4.5, 3)

Trong mt phng to , cho im B c ta l (2, -0.5). Phng n no trong cc phng
n sau khng biu din im B dng ta thun nht.
A. (4, -1, 2)
B. (4, -1, 1)
C. (2, -0.5, 1)
D. (2, -0.5, 0)

Trong 3D, cho to ca im P(-1, 3, 6). Phng n no trong cc phng n sau khng
biu din im P dng ta thun nht.
A. (-a, 3a, 6a, a) , trong a 0
B. (- 0.5, 1.5, 3, 0.5)
C. (-2, 6, 12, 2)
D. (-2, 6, 12)

Trong mt phng, php i xng qua trc Oy l:
A. b = c = 0, d = 1 v a = -1
B. b = c = d = 1 v a = -1
C. b = c = a = 1 v d = -1
D. b = c = 0, a = 1 v d = -1

Trong mt phng, php i xng qua trc Ox l:
A. b = c = 0, a = 1 v d = -1
B. b = c = d = 1 v a = -1
C. b = c = 0, d = 1 v a = -1
18
D. b = c = a = 1 v d = -1

Trong mt phng, php i xng qua tm O l:
A. b = c = 1 v a = d = 0
B. b = c = 0 v a = d = 1
C. b = c = 0 v a = d = -1
D. b = c = -1 v a = d = 0

Trong mt phng, phng to mt i tng gp 2 ln ban u l:
A. b = c = 0, a = 2 v d = 1
B. b = c = 1 v a = d = 2
C. b = c = 2 v a = d = 0
D. b = c = 0 v a = d = 2

Trong mt phng, thu nh mt i tng xung mt na ban u l:
A. b = c = 1/2 v a = d = 0
B. b = c = 0 v a = d = 1/2
C. b = c = 0, a = 1/2 v d = 1
D. b = c = 1 v a = d = 1/2

Trong mt phng, sa mt i tng sao cho i tng phng to ln gp ri m chiu cao
khng i th :
A. b = c = 0, a = 1 v d = 1.5
B. b = c = 0, a = 1.5 v d = 1
C. b = c = 1.5 v a = d = 0
D. b = c = 0, a = 1.5 v d = 1.5

Trong mt phng, nu phng to mt i tng ln gp ri sau li phng ln gp 2 ln th
ma trn bin i l:
A. b = c = 0 v a = d = 3.5
B. b = c = 0, a = 1.5 v d = 2
C. b = c = 0 v a = d = 3
D. b = c = 0, a = 2 v d = 1.5

Trong mt phng, nu phng to mt i tng ln gp i sau thu nh xung ch cn
ban u th ma trn bin i l:
A. b = c = 0 v a = d = 2 + 1/4
B. b = c = 0, a = 1/4 v d = 2
C. b = c = 0 v a = d = 1/2
D. b = c = 0, a = 2 v d = 1/4

Trong mt phng cho on thng CD c cc to l C(-1, -1) v D(2, 3). Ngi ta phng
19
ln on thng n cao ln gp 2 ln (theo trc oy) v rng gp 1.5 ln (theo trc ox) m
vn gi c nh C. To mi ca on thng :
A. C(1, 1) v D(-1, 5)
B. C(1, -1) v D(-7, 5)
C. C(-1, -1) v D(1, 7)
D. C(-1, -1) v D(3, 6)

Ta c im P(2 , -5) sau khi bin i qua php phng to ln gp 1.5 ln th to P l:
A. (3.5, -6.5 )
B. (2, -7.5)
C. (3, -5)
D. (3, -7.5)

Ta c im P(-4.5, -11) sau khi bin i qua php thu nh ch bng 0.5 ban u th to
mi P l:
A. (-2.25, -5.5)
B. (-2.25, -11)
C. (-9, -22)
D. (-4.5, -5.5)

Trong 3D c im Q(-4, 1.6, -7), i xng qua trc Ox c Q l:
A. (-4, -1.6, -7)
B. (4, -1.6, 7)
C. (4, -1.6, -7)
D. (-4, -1.6, 7)

Trong 3D c im P(4, 1.2, 8), i xng qua trc Oy c P

l:
A. P

(4, -1.2, 8)
B. P

(-4, -1.2, -8)

C. P

(-4, 1.2, -8)

D. P

(-4, 1.2, 8)

Trong 3D c im M(5.34, - 31.8, - 0.3), i xng qua mt xOy c M l:
A. (-5.34, - 31.8, - 0.3)
B. (-5.34, 31.8, 0.3)
C. (5.34, - 31.8, 0.3)
D. (5.34, 31.8, -0.3)

Trong 3D c im T(2, 4, 8), i xng qua mt yOz c T

l:
A. (2, 4, 8)
B. (-2, 4, 8)
C. (2, -4, 8)
20
D. (-2, -4, -8)

Trong 3D c im T(2, 4, 8), i xng qua mt xOz c T

l:
A. (2, 4, 8)
B. (-2, 4, 8)
C. (2, -4, 8)
D. (-2, -4, -8)

Trong 3D c im T(2, 4, 8), i xng qua gc ta T

l
A. (2, 4, 8)
B. (-2, 4, 8)
C. (2, -4, 8)
D. (-2, -4, -8)

Trong 3D c im Q(-4, 1.6, -7), i xng qua trc Oy c Q l:
A. (-4, 1.6, -7)
B. (4, 1.6, 7)
C. (4, -1.6, 7)
D. (-4, -1.6, -7)

Trong 3D c im Q(-4 , 1.6 , -7), i xng qua trc Oz c Q l:
A. (4, -1.6, 7)
B. (4, -1.6, -7)
C. (-4, 1.6, 7)
D. (-4, 1.6, -7)

Trong mt phng, sa mt i tng sao cho chiu cao tng gp 3 m b rng khng thay
i th :
A. b = c = 0, a = 1 v d = 3
B. b = c = 1, a = 1 v d = 3
C. b = c = 0 v a = d = 3
D. b = c = 0, a = 3 v d = 1

Cho im Q (3.2, - 11.5) sau khi cho n cao ln gp 2 ln m vn gi chiu rng khng i,
ri li thu nh n xung th Q l:
A. (1.6, - 5.75)
B. (6.4, -23)
C. (0.8, -5.75)
D. (0.8, - 2.86)

Trong 3D c im A(2, -3, 1.4) sau khi bin i n cho cao ln 2 ln (theo Oy), mng i
(theo Oz) v mt trc tng 3 ln th thu c Q l:
21
A. (6, -9, 0.7)
B. (4, -1.5, 4.2)
C. (1, -6, 4.2)
D. (6, -6, 0.7)

Cho on thng AB c to l A(1, -1) v B(-2, 6), dn on thng theo chiu trc Ox
ln gp 3 ln sau phng to ln gp ri th thu c A v B l:
A. A(4.5, -1.5) v B(-9, 9)
B. A(1.5, -4.5) v B(-3, 27)
C. A(3, -1.5) v B(-6, 9)
D. A(1.5, - 3) v B(-3, 9)

Cho on thng AB c to l A(1, -1) v B(-2, 6), ko di on thng theo chiu trc oy
ln gp 3 ln sau thu nh ch bng mt na th thu c A v B l:
A. A(1.5, -3) v B(-1, 18)
B. A(0.5, -1.5) v B(-1, 9)
C. A(3, -0.5) v B(-6, 3)
D. A(1.5, -0.5) v B(-3, 3)

Trong mt phng c im A(-1, 5). Quay A quanh gc to 1 gc 90
O

ta c im A l:
A. (1, -5)
B. (-5, 1)
C. (-5, -1)
D. (1, 5)

Trong mt phng c im A(-1, 5), quay A quanh gc to 1 gc -90
0
ta c im A l:
A. (1, -5)
B. (5, 1)
C. (-5, 1)
D. (-1, -5)

Trong mt phng c im A(-2, 6), quay A quanh gc to 1 gc 60
0
ta c im A l:
A.
( )
3 3,1 3 + +
B
( )
3 3, 1 3 +
C.
( )
1 3 3, 3 3 +
D.
( )
1 3 3, 3 3 + +

Trong mt phng c im A(-2, 6), quay A quanh gc to 1 gc -60
0
ta c im A l:
22
A.
( )
3 3, 1 3 +
B.
( )
3 3,1 3 + +
C.
( )
1 3 3, 3 3 + +
D.
( )
1 3 3, 3 3 +

Trong 3D c im A(2.7, -3, 2.5), quay A xung quanh trc Oz mt gc 90
o
. To mi A
s l:
A. (2.7, -2.5, -3 )
B. (3, 2.7, 2.5)
C. (2.5, 3, 2.7 )
D. (-3, 2.7, 2.5)

Trong 3D c im B(-11.5, -2, 4.2), quay B xung quanh trc Ox mt gc -90
0
. To mi
B s l:
A. (4.2, -11.5, 2)
B. (-2, 4.2, -11.5)
C. (-11.5, 4.2, 2)
D. (11.5, 4.2, -2)

Trong 3D c im M(6.3, -7.5, -13), quay M xung quanh trc oy mt gc 90
0
. To mi
M s l:
A. (-13, -7.5, -6.3)
B. (7.5, 6.3, -13)
C. (13, -7.5, 6.3)
D. (6.3, 13, -7.5)

Trong 3D c im H(2, -12, -4), quay H xung quanh trc oz mt gc 60
0
. To mi H l:
A.
( )
2, 6 2 3, 6 3 2 +
B.
( )
1 2 3, 12, 3 2
C.
( )
1 6 3, 3 6, 4 +
D.
( )
1 6 3, 3 6, 4

Trong 3D c im N(8, -4, 12), quay N xung quanh trc ox mt gc -30
0
. To mi N l:
A.
( )
4 3 6, 4, 4 6 3 + +
B.
( )
8, 2 3 6, 2 6 3 +
23
C.
( )
4 3 2, 4 2 3,12 +
D.
( )
8, 2 3 6, 2 6 3 + +

Trong 3D c im K(-6, 42, -22), quay K xung quanh trc oy mt gc -60
0
. To mi K l:
A.
( )
6, 21 11 3, 21 3 11
B.
( )
3 21 3, 3 3 21, 22 + +
C.
( )
3 11 3, 42, 3 3 11 +
D.
( )
3 11 3, 42, 3 3 11

Trong mt phng cho tam gic ABC c to cc nh l A(-3.6, 4), B(12, -1) v C(-9, -5).
Thu hp tam gic i 3 ln (theo trc ox), ko di tam gic ln gp 3 ln (theo trc oy) sau
i xng tam gic qua trc oy. Tam gic ABC cui cng thu c s c to l:
A. A(1.2, 12), B(-4, -3) v C(3, -15)
B. A(-1.2, -12), B(4, 3) v C(-3, 15)
C. A(-10.8, -4/3), B(36, 1/3) v C(-27, 5/3)
D. A(10.8, 4/3), B(-36, -1/3) v C(27, -5/3)

Trong mt phng cho on thng AB c cc to l A(1.5, -3) v B(6, 2). Phng ln on
thng ln gp 1.8 ln sau ly i xng qua trc ox. on thng AB cui cng thu c
c to l:
A. A(2.7, 5.4) v B(10.8, -3.9)
B. A(3.3, -1.2) v B(7.8, 3.8)
C. A(-2.7, 5.4) v B(-10.8, -3.9)
D. A(-2.7, -5.4) v B(-10.8, 3.9)

Trong mt phng cho on thng MN c cc to l M(-12, -4) v N(16, 2). Quay on
thng ny quanh O mt gc 60
0
sau ly i xng qua trc ox. on thng MN cui
cng thu c c to l:
A.
( )
'
6 2 3, 6 3 2 M + + v
( )
'
8 3, 8 3 1 N
B.
( )
'
6 3 2, 6 2 3 M + v
( )
'
8 3 1, 8 3 N +
C.
( )
'
6 2 3, 6 3 2 M + v
( )
'
8 3, 8 3 1 N +
D.
( )
'
6 2 3, 6 3 2 M + v
( )
'
8 3,8 3 1 N +

Trong 3D cho hnh kim cng ABCD c cc to l A(4, 6, 1), B(1, 2, 3), C(2, 2, 5) v
D(7, 2, 4). i xng gng hnh kim cng qua trc ox, to mi ca hnh kim cng l:
A. A(4, -6, -1), B(1, -2, -3), C(2, -2, -5) v D(7, -2, -4)
24
B. A(-4, 6, -1), B(-1, 2, -3), C(-2, 2, -5) v D(-7, 2, -4)
C. A(4, 6, -1), B(1, 2, -3), C(2, 2, -5) v D(7, 2, -4)
D. A(-4, -6, -1), B(-1, -2, -3), C(-2, -2, -5) v D(-7, -2, -4)

Trong mt phng c on thng AB c to l A(2, -6) v B(18, 8), quay on thng mt
gc 90
0
sau thu nh i mt na. To A v B cui cng thu c l:
A. A(-1, 3) v B(-9, -4)
B. A(1, -3) v B(9, 4)
C. A(-3, -1) v B(4, -9)
D. A(3, 1) v B(-4, 9)

Trong mt phng c on thng CD c to l C(2, -6) v D(18, 8), quay on thng mt
gc -90
0
sau phng to ln gp 2 ln. To C v D cui cng thu c l:
A. C(12, 4) v D(-16, 36)
B. C(-12, -4) v D(16, -36)
C. C(4, -12) v D(36, 16)
D. C(-4, 12) v D(36, -16)

Trong 3D c im E(2, -4, 6), quay im E quanh trc oz mt gc -30
0
sau ly i
xng qua trc ox. im E c to l:
A.
( )
3 2,1 2 3, 6 + +
B.
( )
3 2,1 2 3, 6 +
C.
( )
3 2,1 2 3, 6 + +
D.
( )
3 2,1 2 3, 6 +

Trong 3D c im H(2, -4, 6), quay im H quanh trc oy mt gc 45
0
sau ly i xng
qua mt xoy. im H c to l:
A.
( )
4 2, 4, 4 2
B.
( )
4 2, 4, 4 2
C.
( )
4 2, 4, 4 2
D.
( )
2, 4, 2 2

Trong 3D c im H(2, -4, 6), quay im H quanh trc oy mt gc 45
0
sau ly i xng
qua tm O. im H c to l:
A.
( )
4 2, 4, 4 2
25
B.
( )
4 2, 4, 4 2
C.
( )
4 2, 4, 4 2
D.
( )
2, 4, 2 2

Trong 3D c im V(2, -4, 6), quay im V quanh trc ox mt gc -45
0
sau ly i
xng qua mt xoy. im V c to l:
A.
( )
2, 3 2, 5 2
B.
( )
2, 2, 2
C.
( )
2, 5 2, 2
D.
( )
2, 2, 5 2

Trong 3D c im V(2, -4, 6), quay im V quanh trc ox mt gc -45
0
sau ly i
xng qua mt yoz. im V c to l:
A.
( )
2, 3 2, 5 2
B.
( )
2, 2, 2
C.
( )
2, 5 2, 2
D.
( )
2, 2, 5 2

Trong mt phng c on thng EF c to l E(2,-6) v F(18,8), phng to on thng ln
gp 4 ln ban u sau quay mt gc 45
0
. To E v F cui cng thu c l:
A.
( )
'
16 2, 8 2 E v
( )
'
20 2, 52 2 F
B.
( )
'
8 2, 16 2 E v
( )
'
52 2, 20 2 F
C.
( )
'
8 2, 24 2 E v
( )
'
72 2, 32 2 F
D.
( )
'
16 2, 8 2 E v
( )
'
20 2, 52 2 F

Trong mt phng c on thng PQ c to l P(-8, -48) v Q(32, 16), quay on thng mt
gc 60
0
sau thu nh 1/4. To P v Q cui cng thu c l:
A.
( )
'
1 6 3, 3 6 P + v
( )
'
4 2 3, 4 3 2 Q +
B.
( )
'
1 6 3, 3 6 P v
( )
'
4 2 3, 4 3 2 Q + +
C.
( )
'
2 3 1, 6 3 P v
( )
'
2 3 4, 2 4 3 Q + +
26
D.
( )
'
1 6 3, 3 6 P + + v
( )
'
4 2 3, 4 3 2 Q

Trong 3D c im L(2, -4, 6), quay im L quanh trc oz mt gc 30
0
sau phng to
gp i. im L c to l:
A.
( )
2 3 2, 1 4 3,12
B.
( )
2 3 2,1 4 3,12 +
C.
( )
2 3 2, 1 4 3,12 + +
D.
( )
3 2, 2 4 3, 6 +

Cho hnh kim cng ABCD c cc to l A(5, 6, 1), B(0, 0, 0), C(3, 2, 5) v D(8, 2,
4). Quay hnh kim cng quanh trc oy mt gc 90
0
. To mi ca hnh kim cng l:
A. A(1, 6, -5), B(1, 2, 2), C(5, 2, -3) v D(2, -4, 8)
B. A(1, 6, -5), B(0, 0, 0), C(2, 5, -3) v D(2, 4, -8)
C. A(-1, 5, -1), B(0, 0, 0), C(2, 3, 5) v D(2, 4, 8)
D. A(1, 6, -5), B(0, 0, 0), C(5, 2, -3) v D(4, 2, -8)

Trong mt phng cho tam gic ABC c cc to A(1, 1), B(1, 2) v C(3, 4) thu nh tam
gic ch cn m vn gi c nh im A. To mi ca tam gic l:
A. A(1, 1), B(1, 1.25) v C(1.5, 1.75)
B. A(0.25, 0.25), B(1, 1.5) v C(0.75, 2)
C. A(1, 1), B(0.5, 1) v C(1.25, 1.5)
D. A(1, 1), B(1/4, 1/2) v C(3/4, 1)

Trong mt phng cho ng thng AB c cc ta A(0, 1), B(1, 3). Thu nh ng thng
ch cn m vn gi c nh im B. Ta mi ca ng thng l:
A. A

(0, 1), B

(1, 3)
B. A

(-1/2, 1/2), B

(1, 3)
C. A

(0, 1/2), B

(1, 3)
D. A

(0, -1/2), B

(1, 3)

Cho ng trn c tm ti (1,4), mt im trn ng trn A(1,0). Quay ng trn mt gc
900 quanh im A, tm mi ca ng trn l:
A. (4,1)
B. (3, 0)
C. (-3,0)
D. (3,1)

H to thit b chun (NDCS) c kch thc mn hnh hin th l hnh ch nht ngang c
chiu di gp i chiu rng. Vy nu mt hnh ch nht ng c chiu di gp i chiu
rng khi hin th trn mn hnh s cho:
A. Hnh ch nht c chiu di gp 1.5 chiu rng
27
B. Hnh vung
C. Vn l hnh ch nht ng
D. Hnh ch nht nm ngang (chiu di gp i chiu rng)

H to thit b chun (NDCS) c kch thc mn hnh hin th l hnh ch nht ngang c
chiu di gp i chiu rng. Vy nu mt hnh ch nht ng c chiu di gp i chiu
rng khi hin th trn mn hnh s cho:
A. Hnh ch nht c chiu di gp 1.5 chiu rng
B. Hnh vung
C. Vn l hnh ch nht ng
D. Hnh ch nht nm ngang (chiu di gp i chiu rng)

Cho ca s xn ta c gc tri di (1, -2) v gc phi trn (6, 8), m vng 4-bit ca im
A(7, 9) l:
A. 1010
B. 1000
C. 0110
D. 0010

Cho ca s xn ta c gc tri di (1, -2) v gc phi trn (6, 8), m vng 4-bit ca im B(-
1, -4) l:
A. 0000
B. 0110
C. 0100
D. 0101

Cho ca s xn ta ca c gc tri di (0, 0) v gc phi trn (4, 3), m vng 4-bit ca im
C(3, 2) l:
A. 0000
B. 0001
C. 0010
D. 0110

M vng 4-bit ca im A l (1001), theo gii thut Cohen Sutherland th im ny s ct cc
cnh ca ca s ct ta l:
A. x = x
max
v y = y
max

B. x = x
max
v y = y
min
C. x = x
min
v y = y
min
D. x = x
min
v y = y
max

M vng 4-bit ca im B l (0110), theo gii thut Cohen Sutherland th im ny s ct cc
cnh ca ca s ct ta l:
A. x = x
max
v y = y
max

B. x = x
max
v y = y
min
C. x = x
min
v y = y
min
D. x = x
min
v y = y
max


M vng 4-bit ca im E l (0001), theo gii thut Cohen Sutherland th im ny s ct cc
cnh ca ca s ct ta l:
A. x = x
min
28
B. x = x
max
C. y = y
min

D. y = y
max

M vng 4-bit ca im G l (0100), theo gii thut Cohen Sutherland th im ny s ct cc
cnh ca ca s ct ta l:
A. y = y
min

B. y = y
max
C. x = x
min

D. x = x
max

Cho m vng 4-bit ca hai im cui on AB ln lt l A(0000) v B(0000), theo gii thut
Cohen Sutherland th hng mc xn ta ca on AB l:
A. Khng thuc hng mc no c
B. Hon ton nm ngoi
C. B xn ta
D. Hon ton nm trong

Cho m vng 4-bit ca hai im cui on MN ln lt l M(0010) v N(0010), theo gii
thut Cohen Sutherland th hng mc xn ta ca on MN l:
A. Khng thuc hng mc no c
B. Hon ton nm trong
C. B xn ta
D. Hon ton nm ngoi

Cho m vng 4-bit ca hai im cui on EF ln lt l E(1001) v F(0010), theo gii thut
Cohen Sutherland th hng mc xn ta ca on EF l:
A. B xn ta
B. Khng thuc hng mc no c
C. Hon ton nm ngoi
D. Hon ton nm trong

Gi s cnh AB l mt cnh ca ca s xn ta P
0
, P
1
, P
N-1
l danh sch cc nh ca a
gic cn xn ta (a gic li hng dng). Theo gii thut Hogman th P
i-1
v P
i
u nm bn
phi ca cnh AB th nh c a vo danh sch ca a gic sau khi xn ta (VertexOutput)
l:
A. P
i-1
B. P
i

C. C P
i-1
v P
i
D. Khng c nh no

Gi s cnh AB l mt cnh ca ca s xn ta P
0
, P
1
, P
N-1
l danh sch cc nh ca a
gic cn xn ta (a gic li hng dng). Theo gii thut Hogman th nu P
i-1
nm bn phi
v P
i
u nm bn tri ca cnh AB th nh c a vo danh sch ca a gic sau khi xn
ta (VertexOutput) l:
A. Giao im I ca P
i-1
P
i
vi cnh AB v P
i
B. Giao im I ca P
i-1
P
i
vi cnh AB v P
i-1

C. Giao im I ca P
i-1
P
i
vi cnh AB
D. P
i-1
v P
i


29
Gi s cnh AB l mt cnh ca ca s xn ta P
0
, P
1
, P
N-1
l danh sch cc nh ca a
gic cn xn ta (a gic li hng dng). Theo gii thut Hogman th nu P
i-1
nm bn tri
v P
i
u nm bn phi ca cnh AB th nh c a vo danh sch ca a gic sau khi xn
ta (VertexOutput) l:
A. Giao im I ca P
i-1
P
i
vi cnh AB v P
i
B. Giao im I ca P
i-1
P
i
vi cnh AB v P
i-1

C. Giao im I ca P
i-1
P
i
vi cnh AB
D. P
i-1
v P
i


Cho ca s ct ta hnh ch nht c gc tri di L(-3,1), gc phi trn R(2,6). Dng gii
thut Cohen Sutherland tm hng mc ct ta ca MN c M(-4,2) v N(-1,3).
A. (-4,2) v (-1,2)
B. (2, 3) v (-1,3)
C.
1
3, 2
3
_

,
v ( ) 1, 3
D. (-3,5) v (-1,3)

Cho ca s ct ta hnh ch nht c gc tri di L(3,1), gc phi trn R(7,4). Cho on IJ c
to l I(8,2) v J(8,3), dng gii thut Lyangbarsky tnh cc gi tr P
1
, P
2
, P
3
, P
4
.
A. P
1
= 0; P
2
= 0; P
3
= -1; P
4
= 1
B. P
1
= -1; P
2
= 1; P
3
= 0; P
4
= 0
C. P
1
= 1; P
2
= -1; P
3
= 0; P
4
= 0
D. P
1
= -1; P
2
= 1; P
3
= 1; P
4
= -1

Cho ca s ct ta hnh ch nht c gc tri di L(-2,-2), gc phi trn R(9,4). Cho on CD
c to l C(1,-3) v D(6,5), dng gii thut Lyangbarsky tnh cc gi tr P
1
, P
2
, P
3
v P
4
.
A. P
1
= -5; P
2
= 5; P
3
= 8; P
4
= -8
B. P
1
= -7; P
2
= 7; P
3
= -8; P
4
= 8
C. P
1
= -5; P
2
= 5; P
3
= 8; P
4
= 8
D. P
1
= 5; P
2
= -5; P
3
= 8; P
4
= -8

S dng thut ton Hodgman xn on thng ni I
1
(-1, 2) n I
2
(6, 4) trn ca s A(1, 1),
B(5, 1), C(5, 3), D(1, 3) thu c ta 2 im u v cui trong ca s l:
A. (2, 3), (1, 4)
B. (5/2, 3), (1, 7/18)
C. (2/5, 3), (1, 18/7)
D. (5/2, 3), (1, 18/7)

Trong 3D cho im H(3,-7,1.3,1), chiu H bi php chiu bng (chiu trc giao) th Hl:
A. (3,0,1.3,1)
B. (3,-7,1.3,0)
C. (0,-7,1.3,1)
D. (3,-7,0,1)

Trong 3D cho im H(3,-7,1.3,1), chiu H bi php chiu cnh (chiu trc giao) th Hl:
A. (3,0,1.3,1)
B. (3,-7,1.3,0)
C. (0,-7,1.3,1)
D. (3,-7,0,1)

30
Trong 3D c im A c to (2,3,4), chiu 1 tm chiu c tm chiu ti (0,0,5). Sau php
chiu c A l:
A. (10/9,15/9,0)
B. (10,15,0)
C. (10,15,1)
D. (4,6,8)

Cho on thng AB c to l A(1,4,-2) v B(3,-1,7) php chiu phi cnh hai tm chiu
M(10,0,0) v N(0,-5,0) on thng AB ta thu c to mi ca AB l:
A.
17 17
,
10 40
_

,
v ( ) 3, 1
B.
10 40
,
17 17
_

,
v ( ) 6, 2
C.
12 43
,
15 15
_

,
v ( ) 2, 6
D.
10 40
,
17 17
_

,
v ( ) 5, 2

Cho tam gic ABC c cc to l A(2,-4,5), B(1,-6,2) v C(1,-2,9). Chiu tam gic ABC vi
php chiu phi cnh 2 tm chiu Xc(5,0,0) v Yc(0,10,0) . Sau php chiu ta thu c tam
gic ABC l:
A. A(2,-4,1), B(5/7, -30/7,1) v C(1, -2,1)
B. A(2,-4,0), B(5, -30,0) v C(1, -2,0)
C. A(1,-4,0), B(5/7, -30/7,0) v C(1, -2,0)
D. A(2,-4,0), B(5/7, -30/7,0) v C(1, -2,0)

Cho tam gic ABC c cc to l A(-1,3,5), B(5,2,-2) v C(4,-2,8). Chiu tam gic ABC vi
php chiu phi cnh 1 tm chiu Zc(0,0,4). Sau php chiu ta thu c tam gic ABC l:
A. A(4,-12,0), B(10, 4,0) v C(4/3, -2/3,0)
B. A(4,-12,0), B(10/3, 4/3,0) v C(-4, 2,0)
C. A(1,-3,0), B(10/3, 4/3,0) v C(4/3, -2/3,0)
D. A(4,-12,0), B(10/3, 4/3,0) v C(4/3, -2/3,0)

Cho on thng AB c cc ta l A(1,3,2), B(4,3,2). Chiu AB vi php chiu phi cnh 3
tm chiu Xc(1,0,0), Yc(0,3,0), Zc(0,0,4). Sau php chiu ta thu c on thng A

l:
A. A

(-2/3, -2, -4/3), B

(8/9, -2/3, -4/9)

B. A

(-2/3, -2, -4/3), B

(-8/9, -2/3, -4/9)

C. A

(2/3, 2, 4/3), B

(8/9, 2/3, 4/9)

D. A

(-2/3, -2, -4/3), B

(8/9, 2/3, 4/9)

Trong 3D cho im H(3,-7,1.3,1), chiu H bi php chiu ng (chiu trc giao) th Hl:
A. (3, 0, 1.3, 1)
B. (3, -7, 1.3, 0)
C. (0, -7, 1.3, 1)
D. (3, -7, 0, 1)

Cho php chiu phi cnh mt tm chiu, c tm chiu l (0,0,5). C ma trn 1 tm chiu Tr,
tnh r?
31
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 1
Tr
r
1
1
1

1
1
]

A. -0.2
B. -5
C. 1/5
D. 5

Cho php chiu phi cnh hai tm chiu, c tm chiu l (-10,0,0) v (0,4,0). C ma trn 2
tm chiu Tpq, tnh p,q?
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1
p
q
Tr
1
1
1

1
1
]

A. p= 10 v q=-4
B. p= -0.1 v q=0.25
C. p= 1/10 v q=-1/4
D. p= 0.1 v q=-0.25

Cho php chiu phi cnh ba tm chiu, c cc tm chiu l (-5,0,0), (0,20,0) v (0,0,-10). C
ma trn 3 tm chiu Tpqr. p, q, r l?
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 0
0 0 0 1
p
q
Tr
r
1
1
1

1
1
]

A. p= 5, q=-20 v r=10
B. p= 0.2, q=-0.05 v r=0.1
C. p= -1/5, q=1/20 v r=-1/10
D. p= -0.2, q=0.05 v r=-0.1

Vi Pz l php chiu trc giao trn mt z=0, Rx l php quay i tng quanh trc ox mt
gc v Ry l php quay i tng quanh trc oy mt gc ). Cng thc tnh ma trn
chiu tng qut Dimetric l:
A.
[ ] [ ][ ][ ]
1 0 0 0 cos 0 sin 0 1 0 0 0
0 cos sin 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 sin cos 0 sin 0 cos 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
T Rx Ry Pz

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
] ] ]

32
B.
[ ] [ ][ ][ ]
1 0 0 0 cos 0 sin 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 cos sin 0
0 0 0 0 sin 0 cos 0 0 sin cos 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
T Pz Ry Rx

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
] ] ]

C.
[ ] [ ][ ][ ]
cos 0 sin 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 cos sin 0 0 1 0 0
sin 0 cos 0 0 sin cos 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
T Ry Rx Pz

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
] ] ]

D.
[ ] [ ][ ][ ]
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 cos 0 sin 0
0 cos sin 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 sin cos 0 0 0 0 0 sin cos 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
T Rx Pz Ry

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
] ] ]


Ma trn bin i tng hp ca cc bin i sau: quay i tng quanh trc ox mt gc , ri
quay quanh trc oy mt gc , sau chiu trn mt phng y=0 l:
A. [ ]
1 0 0 0 cos 0 sin 0 1 0 0 0
0 cos sin 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 sin cos 0 sin 0 cos 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
th
T



1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
] ] ]

B. [ ]
1 0 0 0 cos 0 sin 0 1 0 0 0
0 cos sin 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
0 sin cos 0 sin 0 cos 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
th
T



1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
] ] ]

C. [ ]
cos sin 0 0 cos 0 sin 0 1 0 0 0
sin cos 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 sin 0 cos 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
th
T



1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
] ] ]

D. [ ]
1 0 0 0 cos 0 sin 0 1 0 0 0
0 cos sin 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 sin cos 0 sin 0 cos 0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
th
T



1 1 1
1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1
1 1 1
] ] ]


Php bin i chun ho to nh x cho mt ca s m gc bn tri pha di (1,3) v gc bn
phi trn (4,7) vo mn hnh c chun ho ton b l:
33
A.
1
3 0
3
1
0 0
3
1 1
3 1
4 4
1
1
1
1

1
1
1

1
]

B.
1
1 2
3
0 2 0
1
0 0
3
1

1
1

1
1
1
]

C.
1
2 0
3
1
0 1 0
3
1
0 3 1
4
1

1
1
1
1
1
1

1
]

D.
1
0 0
3
1
0 0
4
1 1
3 1
3 4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
]


Cho ca s ct ta hnh ch nht c gc tri di L(0,-5), gc phi trn R(4,-1). Cho im V(-
1,-4), dng gii thut Lyangbarsky tnh cc gi tr q
1
, q
2
, q
3
v q
4
ca im V.
A. q
1
= -1; q
2
= 5; q
3
= 1; q
4
= 3
B. q
1
= -1; q
2
= 5; q
3
= 2; q
4
= 4
C. q
1
= -1; q
2
= 5; q
3
= 4; q
4
= -1
D. q
1
= 1; q
2
= -5; q
3
= 1; q
4
= 3

Cho on thng AB c cc ta l A(1, 1) v B(5, 1), c im P(-1, 2). xt xem P nm
bn tri hay bn phi ca AB ta tnh c gi tr ca l:
A. 1
B. 4
C. -2
D. 5

Cho on thng CD c cc ta C(5, 1) v D(5, 3), c im Q(6, 4). xt xem Q nm bn
tri hay bn phi ca CD ta tnh C l:
A. 6
B. -2
C. 4
D. -1

34
Ma trn 2 x 2 ma trn Dither (tng c mn ca nh khi hin th) c k hiu D(2). Tnh
cc ma trn D(2n) thng qua D(n):
( / 2) (2) ( / 2) ( / 2) (2) ( / 2)
(2) ( ) 00 01
( / 2) (2) ( / 2) ( / 2) (2) ( / 2)
10 11
0 2 4 4
3 1 4 4
n n n n
n
n n n n
D D U D D U
D D
D D U D D U
1 + + 1

1 1
+ +
] ]

U(n) l ma trn n x n vi tt c cc phn t = 1
Vi n = 4 th D
(4)
l:
A.
(4)
0 8 2 10
12 4 15 6
3 11 1 9
15 7 11 5
D
1
1
1

1
1
]

B.
(4)
0 8 2 10
9 4 12 6
3 11 1 9
15 10 13 14
D
1
1
1

1
1
]

C.
(4)
0 8 2 10
12 4 14 9
3 16 11 9
15 7 13 5
D
1
1
1

1
1
]

D.
(4)
0 8 2 10
12 4 14 6
3 11 1 9
15 7 13 5
D
1
1
1

1
1
]


Cho on thng HK c cc ta l H(1, 1) v K(1, 3), c im O(5/2, 3). xt xem O nm
bn tri hay bn phi ca HK th gi tr C l:
A. -7/2
B. 3/2
C. 7/2
D. -7

35
LOI 3:

Gii thut sau l gii thut no hc?
void Function(int xt, int yt, int r, int c) {
int x = 0, y = 0, d = 3 - 2 * r;
while (x <= y){
putpixel(xt + x, yt + y, c); putpixel(xt - x, yt + y, c); putpixel(xt + x, yt - y, c);
putpixel(xt - x, yt - y, c); putpixel(xt + y, yt + x, c); putpixel(xt - y, yt + x, c); putpixel(xt
+ y, yt - x, c); putpixel(xt - y, yt - x, c);
if (d < 0) d += 4 * x + 6;
else{ d += 4 * (x - y) + 10; y--; }
x++;
}}
A. Gii thut Bresenham xy dng ng trn
B. Gii thut Midpoint xy dng ng trn
C. Gii thut Bresenham xy dng ng ellipse
D. Gii thut Midpiont xy dng ng ellipse

Gii thut sau l gii thut no hc?
void Function(int xt, int yt, int r, int c){
int x = 0, y = r, d = 1 r;
while (x <= y){
putpixel(xt + x, yt + y, c); putpixel(xt - x, yt + y, c); putpixel(xt + x, yt - y, c); putpixel(xt -
x, yt - y, c); putpixel(xt + y, yt + x, c); putpixel(xt - y, yt + x, c);
putpixel(xt + y, yt - x, c); putpixel(xt - y, yt - x, c);
if (d < 0) d += 2 * x + 3;
else { d += 2* (x - y) + 5; y--; }
x++;
}}
A. Gii thut Midpoint xy dng ng trn
B. Gii thut Bresenham xy dng ng trn
C. Gii thut Midpiont xy dng ng ellipse
D. Gii thut Bresenham xy dng ng ellipse

Gii thut sau l gii thut no?
Funtion(int X[], int Y[]) {
for(int i = 0; i <= 6; i++)
line(X[i], Y[i], X[i+1], Y[i+1]);
line(X[i+1], Y[i+1], X[0], Y[0]);
}
A. Gii thut v ng bao a gic vi s nh l 8
B. Gii thut t a gic vi s nh l 7
36
C. Gii thut v ng bao a gic vi s nh l 7
D. Gii thut v ng bao a gic vi s nh l 6

Gii thut sau l gii thut no?
Funtion(int X[], int Y[]) {
for(int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
line(X[i], Y[i], X[i+1], Y[i+1]);
line(X[i+1], Y[i+1], X[0], Y[0]);
}
A. Gii thut v ng bao a gic vi s nh l 7
B. Gii thut v ng bao a gic vi s nh l 5
C. Gii thut t a gic vi s nh l 6
D. Gii thut v ng bao a gic vi s nh l 6

Vi on chng trnh sau cho ra kt qu l: (trong (xc,yc) l to tm ca ng trn
v r l bn knh ca ng trn).
void main(){
int gr_drive = DETECT, gr_mode;
int xc = getmaxx()/2, yc = 80, r = 50 ;
initgraph(&gr_drive, &gr_mode, ""); circle( int xc, int yc, int r);
closegraph();
}
A. ng trn gia, pha phi mn hnh
B. ng trn gia, pha tri mn hnh
C. ng trn gia, pha trn mn hnh
D. ng trn gia, pha di mn hnh

Vi on chng trnh sau cho ra kt qu l: (trong (xc,yc) l to tm ca ng trn
v r l bn knh ca ng trn).
void main(){
int gr_drive = DETECT, gr_mode;
int xc = getmaxx() - 100, yc = getmaxy()/2, r = 50 ;
initgraph(&gr_drive, &gr_mode, ""); circle( int xc, int yc, int r);
closegraph();
}
A. ng trn gia, pha trn mn hnh
B. ng trn gia, pha bn tri mn hnh
C. ng trn gia, pha bn phi mn hnh
D. ng trn gia, pha di mn hnh

Gii thut sau l gii thut no?
void Function (int x, int y, int c1, int c2){
37
if (getpixel(x, y) == c1){
putpixel(x, y, c2);
Function (x-1, y, c1, c2); Function (x+1, y, c1, c2); Function (x+1, y+1, c1, c2);
Function (x-1, y-1, c1, c2); Function (x, y-1, c1, c2); Function (x, y+1, c1, c2); }
}
A. Gii thut t mu dng qut dng 6 im ln cn
B. Gii thut t mu dng qui t vng kn dng mu t
C. Gii thut t mu loang dng 6 im ln cn
D. Gii thut t mu loang dng 4 im ln cn

Gii thut sau l gii thut no?
void Function (int x, int y, int c1, int c2){ if (getpixel(x, y) == c1){
putpixel(x, y, c2);
Function (x-1, y, c1, c2); Function (x+1, y, c1, c2);
Function (x, y+1, c1, c2); Function (x, y-1, c1, c2); }
}
A. Gii thut t mu dng qui t vng kn dng mu t
B. Gii thut t mu dng qut dng 4 im ln cn
C. Gii thut t mu loang dng 4 im ln cn
D. Gii thut t mu loang dng 6 im ln cn

Vi on chng trnh sau cho ra kt qu l: (trong (xc,yc) l to tm ca ng trn
v r l bn knh ca ng trn).
void main(){
int gr_drive = DETECT, gr_mode;
int xc = 100, yc = 80, r = 50 ;
initgraph(&gr_drive, &gr_mode, ""); circle( int xc, int yc, int r);
closegraph();
}
A. ng trn gc phi, pha di mn hnh
B. ng trn gc tri, pha di mn hnh
C. ng trn gc tri, pha trn mn hnh
D. ng trn gc phi, pha trn mn hnh

Gii thut v on thng sau v cho trng hp k l:
void Midline(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int c){
int x = x1, y = y1, dx = x2 - x1, dy = y2 - y1, p = 2 * dx - dy;
while(y < y2) { putpixel(x, y, c);
if(p <= 0) { p = p + 2 * dx; }
else { p = p + 2 * dx 2 * dy; x++; }
y++; }
}
38
A. k > 1
B. 0 <= k <= 1
C. k <= -1
D. -1 < k < 0

Gii thut v on thng sau v cho trng hp k l:
void Midline(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int c){
int x = x1, y = y1, dx = x2 - x1, dy = y2 - y1, p = -2 * dy + dx;
while(x < x2) { putpixel(x, y, c);
if(p <= 0) { p = p + 2 * dx 2 * dy; y++; }
else p = p 2 * dy;
x++; }
}
A. 0 <= k <= 1
B. k > 1
C. -1 < k < 0
D. k <= -1

Gii thut v on thng sau v cho trng hp k l:
void Midline(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2,int c){
int x = x1, y = y1, dx = x2 - x1, dy = y2 - y1, p = 2 * dy + dx;
while(x < x2) { putpixel(x, y, c);
if(p <= 0){ p = p + 2 * dy + 2 * dx; y--; }
else { p = p + 2 * dy; }
x++; }
}
A. -1 < k < 0
B. k < -1
C. 0 <= k <= 1
D. k > 1

Gii thut v on thng sau v cho trng hp k l:
void Midline(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int c) {
int x = x1, y = y1, dx = x2 - x1, dy = y2 - y1, p = -2 * dx - dy;
while(y > y2) { putpixel(x, y, c);
if(p <= 0) { p = p 2 * dx 2 * dy; x++; }
else { p = p 2 * dx; }
y--; }
}
A. k > 1
B. k <- 1
C. -1 < k < 0
39
D. 0 <= k <= 1

Gii thut sau l gii thut g?
void Function (int x, int y, int c1, int c2){
if (getpixel(x, y) == c1){ putpixel(x, y, c2);
Function (x-1, y, c1, c2); Function (x+1, y, c1, c2);
Function (x, y+1, c1, c2); Function (x, y-1, c1, c2);
Function (x-1, y-1, c1, c2); Function (x+1, y-1, c1, c2);
Function (x-1, y+1, c1, c2); Function (x+1, y+1, c1, c2); }
}
A. Gii thut t mu mu t dng 8 im ln cn
B. Gii thut t mu ng bin dng 8 im ln cn
C. Gii thut t mu gi qui
D. Gii thut t mu dng qut dng 8 im ln cn

Cho (x1, y1) l to ca gc tri trn ca hnh ch nht v (width, height) l kch thc
cnh di v cnh ngn ca hnh ch nht. Hm sau cho kt qu g?
void Function(int x1, int y1, int width, int height) {
line(x1,y1,x1+width,y1); line(x1+width,y1,x1+width,y1+height);
line(x1+width,y1+height,x1,y1+height); line(x1,y1+height,x1,y1); }
void main(){
int gr_drive = DETECT, gr_mode;
int x1=10, y1=10, width=100, height = 50;
initgraph(&gr_drive, &gr_mode, ""); Function(x1,y1,width,height); closegraph(); }
A. Hnh ch nht gc phi, pha di mn hnh
B. Hnh ch nht gc tri, pha trn mn hnh
C. Hnh ch nht gc phi, pha trn mn hnh
D. Hnh ch nht gc tri, pha di mn hnh

v ng ellipse ta ch cn xy dng gii thut v ng ellpise sau ly i xng.
Hm sau l hm ly i xng 4 im (v 4 im 1 lc). Rt tic l trong hm b thiu 1 lnh
nn hnh ellipse khi hin th trn mn hnh s thiu hnh :
void plot(int xc, int yc, int x, int y, int color) { // xc, yc l to tm ca ellipse
putpixel(xc+x, yc+y, color);
putpixel(xc-x, yc+y, color);
putpixel(xc+x, yc-y, color); }
A. Tri di
B. Tri trn
C. Phi trn
D. Phi di

v ng ellipse ta ch cn xy dng gii thut v ng ellpise sau ly i xng.
40
Hm sau l hm ly i xng 4 im (v 4 im 1 lc). Rt tic l trong hm b thiu 1 lnh
nn hnh ellipse khi hin th trn mn hnh s thiu hnh :
void plot(int xc, int yc, int x, int y, int color) { // xc, yc l to tm ca ellipse
putpixel(xc+x, yc+y, color);
putpixel(xc-x, yc+y, color);
putpixel(xc-x, yc-y, color); }
A. Tri trn
B. Tri di
C. Phi di
D. Phi trn

Theo l thuyt c hc th pht biu (km hnh minh ho) no l ng nht?
void Function (int x, int y, int c1, int c2) {
if (getpixel(x, y) == c1){
putpixel(x, y, c2);
Function (x-1, y, c1, c2); Function (x+1, y, c1, c2);
Function (x+1, y+1, c1, c2); Function (x-1, y-1, c1, c2);
Function (x, y-1, c1, c2); Function (x, y+1, c1, c2); }
}
A. Gii thut scanline, s im ln cn nh hnh:
B. Gii thut t mu theo mu, s im ln cn nh hnh:
C. Gii thut t mu ng bin, s im ln cn nh hnh:
D. Gii thut t mu loang, s im ln cn nh hnh:

on chng trnh sau a ra ch:
void main(){
int gr_drive = DETECT, gr_mode;
int x = getmaxx()/3, y = getmaxy()/2;
initgraph(&gr_drive, &gr_mode, "");
moveto(x, y); lineto(x, 80); lineto(x + 50, y); lineto(x + 50, 80);
getch(); closegraph(); }
A. N
B. T
C. H
D. A

on chng trnh sau a ra ch:
void main(){
41
int gr_drive = DETECT, gr_mode;
int x = getmaxx()/3, y = getmaxy()/2;
initgraph(&gr_drive, &gr_mode, "");
moveto(x,y); lineto(x,40); lineto(x,40);
moveto(x,y); lineto(x+50,y); lineto(x+50,y-80);
getch(); closegraph(); }
A. V
B. K
C. M
D. U

Trong on m sau cc s t [1],[ 2],[ 3], [4] ln lt l cc phm mi tn dch chuyn:
c = getch();
switch (c) {
case 75: x -= 10; // [1]
break;
case 77: x += 10;// [2]
break;
case 72: y -= 10; // [3]
break;
case 80: y += 10;// [4]
break; }
A. Trn, di, phi v tri
B. Tri, phi, di v trn
C. Tri, phi, trn v di
D. Trn, di, tri v phi

Gi s to ca mt im (x, y), vi x
min
, x
max
, y
min
v y
max
l to ca ca s xn ta.
im c hin th (khng b xn ta) khi:
A. x
min
x x
max
v y
min
y y
max

B. x
min
x x
max
v y
min
y
C. x x
max
v y y
max
D. x
min


x v y
min
y

Hm sau l thuc gii thut xn ta no?
void Function(float x1[10],float y1[10],int k){
if(y1[k]-ymax>=0)
sign[k][1]= 1;
else
sign[k][1]= 0;
if(ymin-y1[k]>=0)
sign[k][2]= 1;
else
sign[k][2]= 0;
if(x1[k]-xmax>=0)
42
sign[k][3]= 1;
else
sign[k][3]= 0;
if(xmin-x1[k]>=0)
sign[k][4]= 1;
else
sign[k][4]= 0;
}
A. a gic
B. Hodgman
C. LyangBarsky
D. CohenSutherhand

Hm sau thuc gii thut xn ta no?
float xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax;
float p[10],q[10];
void Function(float x1,float x2,float y1,float y2){
p[1]= x1-x2; q[1]= x1-xmin;
p[2]= x2-x1; q[2]= xmax-x1;
p[3]= y1-y2; q[3]= y1-ymin;
p[4]= y2-y1; q[4]= ymax-y1;
}
A. Hodgman
B. LyangBarsky
C. CohenSutherhand
D. a gic

Trong gii thut LyangBarsky th tnh cc gi tr trung gian q
1
, q
2
, q
3
v q
4
nh sau:
A. q
1
= x
min
x
1
; q
2
= x
1
x
max
; q
3
= y
min
y
1
; q
4
= y
1
y
max

B. q
1
= x
1
x
min
; q
2
= x
max
x
1
; q
3
= y
1
y
min
; q
4
= y
max
y
1
C. q
1
= x
min
x
1
; q
2
= x
max
x
1
; q
3
= y
min
y
1
; q
4
= y
max
y
1

D. q
1
= x
1
x
min
; q
2
= x
1
x
max
; q
3
= y
1
y
min
; q
4
= y
1
y
max

on m sau l thuc bi ...quay mt i tng quanh trc to ... php quay trong
3D. Hy cho bit trc m i tng quay quanh:
#define RADS 0.017453293// i ra radian
struct point{
int x,y,z;
}
point quay(int &x, int &y, int &z, int goc , int chieu)
{
point p;
//..........
if(chieu==2)
{
p.y = y*cos(RADS*goc) - z*sin(RADS*goc);
p.z = y*sin(RADS*goc) + z * cos(RADS*goc);
p.x =x;
}
//.................
return p;
43
}
A. ox
B. ox v oy
C. oz
D. oy

Hm sau l ca php chiu no?
void Function(int x,int y,int z,int &x_,int &y_)
{
x=x/(p*x+q*y+r*z+1);
y=y/(p*x+q*y+r*z+1);
z=z/(p*x+q*y+r*z+1);
x_=getmaxx()/2+x-z;
y_=getmaxy()/2+getmaxy()+(2*(x-y+z))/3;
}
A. Php chiu xin
B. Php chiu phi cnh 1 tm chiu
C. Php chiu phi cnh 3 tm chiu
D. Php chiu phi cnh 2 tm chiu

Php chiu Trimetric c ma trn chiu tng hp tng ng:
[ ]
' '
' '
' '
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 0 0 1
x x
y y
z z
x y
x y
T
x y
1
1
1

1
1
]

T l co (Shortening Factor - SF) trn trc Ox l:
A.
' 2 ' 2
x x
f x y +
B.
' 2 ' 2
y y
f x y +
C.
' 2 ' 2
z z
f x y +
D.
' 2 ' 2
x y
f x y +

Ta c chng trnh nh sau. Dch v chy u khng c li no (tt c cc cu lnh u khng
sai c php). Khi chy chng trnh khng thy kt qu g (khng c thng bo li), vy ti
sao, do dng lnh no ?
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void floodfill(int x,int y,int old,int newc){
if(getpixel(x,y)==old)
{
putpixel(x,y,newc) ; // [1]
floodfill(x-1,y,old,newc);
floodfill(x+1,y,old,newc);
floodfill(x,y-1,old,newc);
floodfill(x,y+1,old,newc);
}
}
44
void main(){
int grdriver, grmode;
grdriver=DETECT;
initgraph(&grdriver,&grmode,"d:\\tc\\bgi");
circle(getmaxx()/2,getmaxy()/2,60); // [2]
floodfill(getmaxx()/2,getmaxy()/2,0,4); // [3]
getch();
closegraph(); // [4]
}
A. [1]
B. [2]
C. [3]
D. [4]