Beijing Research Institute of Coal Chemistry (BRICC) China Coal Research Institute (CCRI)

THE DOMINANT POSITION OF COAL IN CHINAS ENERGY MIX

Dr Zhengang Xu
Director of BRICC, CCRI
Tel: +86-10-84262356, 84262760 Fax: +86-10-84262097, 84261516 Mobile Phone: +86-13910715453 E-mail: xzg@bricc.cn zhengangxu@163.com http://www.bricc.com.cn www.bricc.cn

Presentation to the Fifth Meeting of the Working Group on Energy Planning and Policy Chiang Mai, Thailand on 7~8 May 2008

Table of contents
Coal is a bridge to future energy Clean coal technologies in China Coal conversion to fuels/chemicals Small pulverized coal-fired boiler Coal cooperation in north-east Asia

China is the biggest Coal Producer and Consumer

2500

2523 Mt Coal produced in 2007

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1950

Coal production in China

2000 1500

Mt

1000 500 0

1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

Year

Coal in energy mix

Coal accounted for 76.4 % in 2007

1960

1970

1980

1990

2000

Year

Challenges to energy in China

Chinas per capita reserves of major fossil energy resources in 2002 are far below the world averages: Crude oil: 2.6 tons/person 11.1% of the world average Natural gas: 1,074 cubic meters/person, 4.3% of the world average Coal: 90 tons/person 55.4% of the world average Extensive utilization of coal leads to serious air pollution: 70% of PM, 90% of SO2, 67% of NOX and 82% of acid rain Coal recovery rate is only around 30% in China, about half lower than that in developed countries Energy utilization efficiency is only about 31.2%, lower 10 percentages than that in developed countries

Big problem with oil supply

350.0

Production
250.0

Consumption

Import

Mt

150.0 50.0 -50.0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Oil Production, Consumption and Importation in China

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005 2010

Year

Year

2020

Prediction of Oil Importation Percentage

Coal is a bridge to future energy

Renewable energy will be the future in several decades
Petroleum Oil Natural Gas 4.4%
70 68 66 64

Hydropower 22.2%

62 60 58 56

Coal 73.4%

2000

2010

2020

Energy Resources Mix in China

Year

Prediction of coal in energy mix

Coal will be dominant energy in foreseeable future Development of CCT is a strategic & practical way

Scope of clean coal technology

Coal Production and Processing
Transportation and Storage

Coal Conversion and Utilization

Coal Mining Coal Preparation Coal Blending Coal Briquetting Coal Water Mixture

Transportation and Storage

Combustion Pyrolysis Gasification Liquefaction Others

PM CH4 Waste Water Coal Slime Coal Refuse

PM

PM SO2 NOx CO2 Other Pollutants

CCTs in China should cover the whole process from coal mining to the end use of coal products

Clean coal technologies in China Coal processing

Coal preparation Coal water mixture Coal briquetting Coal blending Coal up-grading

Coal combustion
CFBC boiler PC boiler with FGD Supercritical boiler Ultra-supercritical boiler Industrial boilers & kilns

Coal conversion
Coal gasification Coal liquefaction Coal pyrolysis Chemical synthesis IGCC and fuel cells

Emission control
Flue gas clean-up Coal-bed methane use Utilization of fly ash Control & use of wastes from coal mining & preparation

Highlights of CCTs after 2000

Highlights of Clean Coal Technology in China after 2000
Advanced Power Generation Coal-Based Liquid Fuel & Chemical

Large-scale CFBC PC boiler with FGD SC & USC power IGCC and fuel cells Industrial boilers

Gasification

Direct liquefaction Fischer-Tropsch Methanol synthesis Methanol to DME Methanol to Olefins

Poly-generation (Integration)

Key projects in recent years

Coal gasification Direct liquefaction Fischer-Tropsch Methanol and DME Olefins (PE & PP) Poly-generation Conversion of coal to gaseous products for down-streams Production of various fuel oils and many sorts of chemicals substituting petroleum and petrochemical products Replace gasoline by methanol Replace diesel & LPG by DME Substitution of petrochemical products by coal-based PE/PP Integration of many products

Coal gasification technology

Transformation of advanced technologies from abroad
Fuel Burner Pressur. water outlet Oxygen, Steam

Cooling screen

Pressur. water inlet Quench water Cooling jacket Gas outlet

Water overflow

Granulated slag

Shell gasifier 20 sets

Texaco gasifier 30 sets

GSP gasifier 7 sets

Coal gasification technology

Development of advanced technologies in China

1150 t/d CWM feed gasifier

36 t/d dry feed gasifier

Direct liquefaction technology

Development of advanced process and catalyst

6 t/d liquefaction pilot plant

Catalyst and products

Direct liquefaction technology

1 Mt/a products commercial-scale demonstration plant Construction work began on August 25, 2004 and it will be put into operation next year

Fischer-Tropsch technology
Development of advanced process and catalyst

5000 t/a product F-T pilot plant

750 t/a product F-T pilot plant

Fischer-Tropsch technology
One set of 1 Mt/a products and three sets of 160 kt/a products commercial-scale demonstration plants Yitai 160 kt/a

Shenhua 160 kt/a Yulin 1 Mt/a

Luan 160 kt/a

Fischer-Tropsch technology
Transformation of advanced technology from SASOL and Shell to construct two 3.2 Mt/a commercial plants Yulin

Ningdong

Methanol & DME technology

Methanol capacity is over 20 Mt/a in 2007 accounts for 29% of the whole world around two thirds derived from coal DME capacity is more than 1 Mt/a in 2007 the biggest plant has reached 210 kt/a DME is used to replace LPG

Olefins (PE & PP) technology

Four demonstration plants under construction

(a) Shenhua-Baotou DMTO: 600 kt/a (b) Datang-Duolun MTP: 460 kt/a (c) Ningmei-Ningdong MTP: 520 kt/a (d) Shaanxi-Zhengda DMTO: 200 kt/a

Poly-generation technology
A commercial-scale demonstration plant with 240 kt/a methanol and 80 MW IGCC power

Prediction and Target of coal-based products

Unit: Mt/a

Product
Ammonia Methanol LPG DME Olefin Product oil

Prediction (Demand) 2010 40 10 23 7 43 230 2020 44 15 20 25 70 350

Target (Production) 2010 42 (32) 10 NA 5 29 (1.4) 230 (1.5) 2020 46 (36) 14 NA 20 60 (8) 350 (33)

Small-scale pulverized Coal-fired boiler

Capacity: from 4t/h to 10t/h steam, over 30% coal saving compared with conventional stock boilers

Coal cooperation in future within North-East Asia

Steam coal and coking coal trade Transformation of clean coal technologies Business on coal chemicals and fuel oil Personal training and information exchange Other cooperation activities related to coal

Thank you!

Summarized Bio-data
Dr. XU Zhengang Graduated from China Coal Research Institute with a doctorate in Chemical Technology. His area of academic specialization is Coal Chemistry and Coal Conversion. He has worked with China Coal Research Institute for over 20 years. Currently he is a Research Professor and the Director of Beijing Research Institute of Coal Chemistry, China Coal Research Institute and is in charge of engineering R&D and technical consultation of clean coal technologies such as coal gasification and polygeneration of fuels, power, chemical products and so on.