Full Paper

2012 ACEEE
DOI: 01.IJRTET.7.2.
Int. J. on Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2012
22
Single CCCDBA Based Implementation of Second
Order Filters
Ramola Vishal
1
, Mishra Saurabh
2
, Singh R.K.
3
, Chauhan D.S.
4
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shivalik College of Engineering,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India, vishal_anu@hotmail.com
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Graphic Era University, Dehradun,
Uttarakhand, India, saurabhmishra2004@gmail.com
3
Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kumaon Engineering College, Dwarahat, Almora,
Uttarakhand, India
4
Vice chancellor, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Abstract - In the present paper implementation of second order
low pass, high pass, band pass filters have been proposed by
using current-controlled current dif ferencing buf fered
amplifier (CCCDBA). In the present work, an effort has been
made to simulate the second order filters using CCCDBA
with multiple feedback approach. Here, in each circuit only
one CCCDBA and a grounded capacitor without external
resistor have been utilized. The designed circuits are very
suitable f or integrated circuit and very easy in
implementation. The circuits perf ormance is simulated
through PSPICE and its simulated results obtained so is
comparable to the theoretical one.
Key Words - Voltage mode differentiator, First order high pass
filter, voltage mode integrator, first order low pass filter,
current-controlled current differencing buffered amplifier
(CCCDBA), integrated circuit.
I. INTRODUCTION
Since the proposed circuits are based on CCCDBAs, a
brief review of CCCDBA is given here. CCCDBA is a
translinear based current-controlled current differencing
buffered amplifier (CC-CDBAs) whose parasitic input
resistances can be varied electronically. Basically, the CCDBA
is a four-terminal active element. For ideal operation, its
current and voltage relations described by the equation-1.
[12],[13],[14].
Figure 1. Symbolic Representation of Current-Controlled CDBA
[8], [9]
From the circuit operation, the current-voltage
characteristics of CC-CDBA can be expressed by the following
matrix.
(
(
(
(

(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(
(

n
p
z
z
X
X
w
z
n
p
i
i
i
v
R
R
v
i
v
v
0 0 0 1
1 1 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
(1)
A. Low-pass Filter
The circuit implementation of second-order low pass filter
using CCCDBA, utilizing multiple feedbacks is shown in
Figure-2. The circuit of Figure-2 consist of low pass stage R
1
-
C
1
followed by an integrator stage made up of R
2
-C
2
and we
obtain a low pass response. Moreover, the presence of
positive feedback via R
3
should allow for Q-control.
Figure 2. Proposed Multiple Feedback Low Pass Filter Using
CCCDBA
The voltage transfer function of the circuit shown in
Figure-2 is given by the equation-2 [3] [4][6].

( )
( )
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + +
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
3 2 2 1 3 1 2 1 1 1
2
2 1 2 1
1 1 1 1
1
R R C C R C R C R C
s s
R R C C
s V
s V
in
o
(2)
From the above transfer function given by equation-1 we
obtain the following results:
Gain: H
OLP
= - (R
3
/R
1
) (3)
Cut-off frequency:
3 2 2 1
1
R R C C
o
=
(4)
23
Full Paper
Int. J. on Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2012
2012 ACEEE
DOI: 01.IJRTET.7.2.22
Quality factor:
3 2 2 3
2
1 3 1
2 1
/ / /
/
R R R R R R R
C C
Q
o
+ +
=
(5)
From equation-3 to equation 5, we can conclude that R
3
can
be varied to adjust
o
and R
1
to adjust Q
o
.
B. High Pass Filter
The circuit implementation of second-order high pass
filter using CCCDBA, utilizing multiple feedbacks is shown
in Figure-3. The high pass filter can be obtained by applying
RC-CR transformation to the circuit of low pass filter [1], [2]
shown in Figure-3.
Figure 3. Proposed Multiple Feedback High Pass Filter Using
CCCDBA
The voltage transfer function of the circuit shown in
Figure-3 is given by the equation-6.
( )
( )
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ + +
|
|
.
|

\
|

=
3 1 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 2
1 2
3
1 2
1 1
R R C C
k
R C R C R C C
C
sk s
C
C
s
s V
s V
in
o
(6)
where, k = (1- R
3
/R
2
)
From the above transfer function given by equation-6 we
obtain the following results:
Gain: H
OHP
= - (C
1
/C
3
) (7)
Cut-off frequency:
3 1 3 2
R R C C
k
o
=
(8)
Quality factor:
3 2 2 3 3 2
2
1
1 3
/ / /
/
C C C C C C C
k R R
Q
o
+ +
=
(9)
From equation-7 to equation 9, we can conclude that C
3
can be varied to adjust
o
and C
1
to adjust Q
o
.
C. Band Pass Filter
The circuit implementation of second-order band pass
filter using CCCDBA, utilizing multiple feedbacks [1], [2]is
shown in Figure-4. In the given circuit the combination of R
2
-
C
2
behaves as a differentiator for the voltage appearing across
the resistance R
x1
.
Figure 4. Proposed Multiple Feedback Band pass Filter Using
CCCDBA
The voltage transfer function of the circuit shown in
Figure-3 is given by the equation-10.
( )
( )
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
| +
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
| +

=
2 1 2 1 2 2 1
2 1 2
2 1
1 2
2 2 1
2 1
1
/ 1
/
R R C C R C C
C C
s s
C C
R R
R C C
C C
s
s V
s V
in
o

(10)
From the above transfer function given by equation-11 we
obtain the following results:
Gain: H
OBP
=
2 1
1 2
/ 1
/
C C
R R
+

(11)
Cut-off frequency:
2 1 2 1
1
R R C C
o
=
(12)
Quality factor:
1 2 2 1
1 2
/ /
/
C C C C
R R
Q
o
+
=
(13)
The second order multiple-feedback band pass as shown
in Figure-4 finds application in the implementation of higher
order filters.
II. SIMULATION RESULTS
The single CCCDBA low pass filter is represented by the
circuit of Figure-3 and was simulated using CCCDBA and
following results were obtained for the low pass responses[2],
[6], [10]. The simulated result has been shown in Figure-5
which gives the value of cut-off frequency for low pass filter
to be 278.612 KHz.
The single CCCDBA high pass filter is represented by
the circuit of Figure-2 [6], [7] was simulated using CCCDBA
and following results were obtained for the high pass
responses. The simulated result has been shown in Figure-6
which gives the value of cut-off frequency for high pass
filter to be 73.283 KHz.
The single CCCDBA band pass filter is represented by
the circuit of Figure-7[2], [3], [7]was simulated using CCCDBA
and following results were obtained for the band pass
responses. The simulated result has been shown in Figure-6
24
Full Paper
2012 ACEEE
DOI: 01.IJRTET.7.2.
Int. J. on Recent Trends in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 7, No. 2, July 2012
22
which gives the value of center frequency for band pass
filter to be 758.578 KHz, and ban
Figure 5. Simulated Response of Second Order Multiple Feedback
Low pass Filter
Figure 6. Simulated Response of Second Order Multiple Feedback
High pass Filter
Figure7. Simulated Response of Second Order Multiple Feedback
Band pass Filter
CONCLUSION
With the value of circuit components chosen as follows:
C
1
= 0.5nF, C
2
= 2nF, and R = 195, following results were
calculated: cut-off frequency (f
o
) = 816.18 KHz, Quality factor
(Q
o
) = 0.4, and bandwidth = 2.04 MHz. Thus, we can conclude
that the simulated results are in accordance with the calculated
results.
ACKNOWLEDGMET
The author wish to thank Dr. D.S.Chauhan for his support.
The author also wish to thank Dr. R.K.Sinsh for his valuable
suggestions. This work will support in part for a grant of
Ph.D. from uttatakhand Technical University, Dehradun
Uttarakhand, India.
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2012 ACEEE
DOI: 01.IJRTET.7.2.22
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