B CNG THNG

TRNG I HC IN LC
----------

N B MN
K NNG TM KIM TI LIU

ti: TM HIU V TA NH THNG MINH

Gio vin hng dn

:TS. BI ANH TUN

Nhm sinh vin thc hin :Nhm 1

Lp

:D6LT-CNT4

H ni, 9-2012

Trng H in Lc

Lp: D6LT-CNT4
Mc Lc

CHNG 1: M U........................................................................................5
Tm quan trng ca nh thng minh trong cuc sng hin i.......................................................5
ngha khoa hc..............................................................................................................................5
ngha thc tin...............................................................................................................................6
i tng nghin cu.......................................................................................................................6
Ni dung nghin cu.........................................................................................................................6

CHNG 2...........................................................................................................7
TNG QUAN V NH THNG MINH............................................................7
Xu hng pht trin nh thng minh trn th gii...........................................................................7
Xu hng pht trin nh thng minh Vit Nam............................................................................7
Th no l mt ngi nh thng minh................................................................................................8
M hnh nh thng minh.................................................................................................................12
2.4.1 Mng LAN.......................................................................................................................12
2.4.2 Cc thit b thng minh...................................................................................................13

CHNG 3.........................................................................................................16
GII THIU V CNG NGH NH THNG MINH....................................16
Khi nim cng ngh nh thng minh............................................................................................16
u im ca cng ngh nh thng minh........................................................................................17
Cc cng ngh nh thng minh.......................................................................................................18
Cng ngh EIB l cng ngh mang tnh t ph............................................................................20

CHNG 4.........................................................................................................25
CNG NGH EIB..............................................................................................25
Gii thiu v cng ngh EIB..........................................................................................................25
4.1.1 Mc ch tng quan........................................................................................................25
4.1.2 Cc tnh nng chnh ca bus..........................................................................................27
Truyn thng...................................................................................................................................28
4.2.1 Topo vt l.......................................................................................................................28
4.2.2 Twisted Pair....................................................................................................................28
4.2.3 Ci t topo xon i:.....................................................................................................29
4.2.3.1 Phn on in xon i:..............................................................................................30
4.2.3.2 Phn on logic xon i:.............................................................................................30
4.2.3.3 Thit b Twisted Pair EIB..............................................................................................31
4.2.3.4 c im truyn dn:....................................................................................................32
S trao i d liu v hot ng mng...........................................................................................32
4.3.1 S trao i d liu:..........................................................................................................32
4.3.1.1 Mng nh hng:...........................................................................................................33
Giao thc EIB..................................................................................................................................35
4.4.1 Cu trc gi d liu:........................................................................................................35
4.4.2 Ch a ch:................................................................................................................36
Cc thnh phn EIB........................................................................................................................38
4.5.1 nh ngha cc thnh phn c bn:................................................................................39
4.5.2 nh ngha thnh phn h thng:....................................................................................39
4.5.3 nh ngha thit b BUS EIB:.........................................................................................41
4.5.4 Cng kt ni vi mng bn ngoi:.................................................................................42

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Lp: D6LT-CNT4

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

Trng H in Lc

Lp: D6LT-CNT4

LI NI U
Khoa hc cng ngh l mt ngnh em li cho cuc sng con ngi nhiu tin ch
m khng ngnh no c th snh bng. Mt trong nhng tin ch to ln y l em li s
thoi mi v tin nghi cho i sng sinh hot hng ngy.
Hy tng tng bui sng chng ta thc dy, n trong phng t ng iu
chnh nh sng ph hp vi nh sng ngoi tri, c sn c ti nc ph hp vi
m trong ngy, khi chng ta xung nh c bnh m nng trong l nng bnh v
my c ph t ng bt. Khi ra khi nh, chng ta c th hon ton yn tm v h thng
an ninh cho ngi nh. Bui chiu khi v nh bn tm c x nc nng, nh
sng va phi, nhc du dng c bt chng ta c th bc ngay vo th gii th
gin v.v.
Trong n ny em xin gii thiu ta nh thng minh v tp trung nghin cu mt
trong nhng gii php ti u l h thng Bus ci t chu u (European
Installation Bus vit tt l EIB).
Do thi gian v quy m nghin cu cn hn ch nn n kh trnh khi nhng
thiu st, rt mong s quan tm, ng gp ca cc thy c gio, cc bn c kha
lun c hon thin v thit thc.
H ni, ngythng 9 nm 2012
Nhm SVTH:
Quang Bch
Nguyn Ti Anh
Ph Bnh

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Lp: D6LT-CNT4

CHNG 1: M U
Tm quan trng ca nh thng minh trong cuc sng hin i
Khi nim ngi nh dng che ma che nng, l ni tr n cho con ngi
trong nhng tnh trng thi tit kh khn i vo qu kh t rt lu, ngi nh hin
nay cn l ni ngh ngi, th gin nhng lc mt mi, l ni th hin tnh sng to, c
thm m ca con ngi. Chnh v th m ta c th thy ngnh xy dng lun lun pht
trin trn ton th gii v mi mt, quy m, thm m, cng ngh, .v.v. Ngi nh hin
nay ca con ngi to hn, p hn, tin nghi hn, v nhng tiu ch y lun c
nng cao nhm phc v con ngi mt cch hiu qu nht. Trong tng lai, nhng tiu
ch trn s khng bao gi dng li, trong phng din cng ngh lun c cao v l
phng din i u trong cng cuc pht trin ngnh xy dng.
Khi cc cng trnh nh pht trin mnh theo quy m v kin trc th ngi ta
quan tm hn n tnh thoi mi ca con ngi khi s dng n, v h kt hp tt c chc
nng c th c ca ngi nh mang li cho con ngi mt cuc sng tin nghi, khng lo
ngh. Ngi nh cng ngy cng tr nn thng minh, thn thin vi con ngi, hiu c
nhng suy ngh ca ch nh v thc hin cc ngh ca ch nh mt cch t ng, chnh
xc. T khi nim nh thng minh c a ra cc nh khoa hc nghin cu.
Ngi nh thng minh l khi nim s gii quyt cc vn nh: tin nghi, thoi mi,
an ton, tit kim, an tm v.v.
ngha khoa hc
Nh thng minh mang mt ngha rt ln cho khoa hc, bi n a ra gii
php mi cho ngnh in t, gii php truyn dn v qun l ti nguyn in trong
thit k xy dng. Mt gii php hon ton khc bit so vi gii php truyn thng s
dng mng li in 220V hay 110V trn ton h thng ng dy din, lm cho
ngi dng c th gp nguy him, c bit vi tr nh. Gi y mng li in giao
tip vi ngi dng ch cn 24V khng th gy nguy him tnh mng cho con ngi.
Cc sn phm trong cng trnh xy dng khng cn l cc sn phm hot ng ring r
na, m chng c phi hp vi nhau to thnh mt h thng thng nht, t
hiu qu s dng cao nht, vi chi ph thp nht.
n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Lp: D6LT-CNT4

Ngoi ra, gii php ny ra i a n cng ngh mi, cng ngh ch to sn

phm thng minh, cc phn mm qun l h thng, vi tnh thm m cao, nhiu tnh
nng mi, u vit hn, d s dng, nhng vn tit kim chi ph, nng lng, v.v.
Tm li, cng ngh nh thng minh li gii cho nhiu vn trong nghin cu
khoa hc ng thi cng to nn mt cng cuc nghin cu mi, phm vi ng dng
khng ch trong xy dng na m cn to ra ln sng cng ngh cho cc lnh vc
khc, lnh vc thng tin, in t, t ng ha, v.v.
ngha thc tin.
Chng ta khng th ph nhn li ch ca vic nghin cu v pht trin nh
thng minh ti i sng hin ti, n mang li tnh tin nghi, thoi mi, sang trng, an
ton cho cuc sng nhiu u lo, vt v hng ngy. Khng nhng vy nh thng minh
cn l gii php tit kim ngun nng lng, ang l vn lm au u cc nh khoa
hc.
Con ngi s c mt cuc sng tt p hn, khng phi dnh qu nhiu tm tr
trong vic qun l ngi nh, m con ngi c th dnh thi gi cho nhiu vic khc.
Chng ta gn nh tng tc c vi nhng vt liu m trc y gn nh l khng
th.
V ngi nh ca chng ta cng c mt ci nhn hon ton mi, thc s nh mt vt
th c th t vn hnh phc v con ngi. Gi y ta hon ton hnh din vi mt
ngi nh th hin ng cp ca s chuyn nghip, sang trng, phong cch, c tnh hay
bt c c trng no m chng ta mun c.
i tng nghin cu.
i tng nghin cu l cc h thng nh thng minh, trong kha n ny s
im qua cc cng ngh khc nh X10, PLC, UPB v tp trung nghin cu cng ngh
mi l EIB.
Ni dung nghin cu.

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Lp: D6LT-CNT4

n tp trung nghin cu cng ngh EIB vi ci nhn tng quan v cu hnh

mng, cc phng tin v phng thc truyn thng, nh dng gi d liu, vic qun l
a ch v qun l mng.

CHNG 2
TNG QUAN V NH THNG MINH
Xu hng pht trin nh thng minh trn th gii.
Nh thng minh mang tnh tt yu ca nhn loi.
Nhiu ngi cho rng, mt trong nhng iu th v nht khi dng Internet l n rt
ph bin trong cuc sng. Mt phng ng, mt ci t lnh hay mt ngi nh bnh
thng cng u c ni mng. Nhng ngi nh thng minh gi tr nn quen
thuc, trong Internet khng nhng ch c truy cp t mt my tnh c nhn bnh
thng, m cn l mt phng tin iu khin cc chc nng trong nh. Hng nghn
ngi nh ni mng nh vy c trong thc t.
Ph ch tch Intel ng Louis Burns tng a ra nhn nh ti din n cc nh
pht trin Intel, din ra ti M nm 2004: Ngnh cng nghip in ton, in t tiu
dng v vin thng ang kt hp thnh mt ngnh cng nghip mi nhm a ra cc
gii php thng nht to ra nhng ngi nh s, gip con ngi s dng ni mng bt
c ni no m h t chn ti.
Ngi nh thng minh ang l ngi nh th hin phong cch chuyn nghip ti M.
Theo tp on thng mi Internet Home Alliance cho bit, trong 1,5 triu ngi nh
c xy dng mi M nm 2005, th 20% nh c cu trc ni mng lin kt
iu khin t xa.
Xu hng pht trin nh thng minh Vit Nam.
Ngi nh thng minh ang dn chim lnh th trng nh Vit Nam.
Mt vi thp k trc y, ai cng ngh rng ch ng ch ngnh cng ngh
thng tin nh Bill Gate mi c th c c ngi nh m c ca mnh, mt ngi nh
n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Lp: D6LT-CNT4

thng minh c th ghi nh tng thi quen, s thch ca cc v khch n chi nh.
Nhng ngh dn tri qua theo thi gian, hin nay, hng lot cc hng xy
dng, cc nh tch hp mng ni b, cc cng ty cung cp gia dng lun cho mi
nhng sn phm, dch v nh thng minh, mang li s thoi mi v tin nghi cho ngi
nh ca chng ta.
Cng vi s pht trin kinh t ca x hi l s nng cao i sng hng ngy, ta c
th thy r cng ngh nh thng minh lun gy c s ch ca ngi dn Vit Nam,
c hn 50 ngn ngi n tham quan v s dng th cc thit b k thut s c
ni mng thnh h thng thng nht ti Trung tm k thut s LG ti thnh ph H Ch Minh
sau hn mt nm hot ng. Trung tm k thut s nm ti khun vin khch sn New
World, vi hn 1000m2, c th xem l ni gii thiu thit k kiu mu m hnh ca mt ngi
nh thng minh vi cc thit b k thut s m d ng bt k ni u trong ngi nh, ta
cng c th iu khin tt c cc thit b qua mng gia nh LG home network, ng
thi c th s dng th cc thit b, sn phm c bit s c mt trong mt ngi nh
thng minh nh iu khin my lnh bng in thoi, nghe radio bng l vi ba v.v.
Ngoi ra trung tm cn c chng trnh o to v hng dn ngi s dng c th lm
quen, khng b ng vi vic s dng cc thit b thng c trong nh thng minh, nh
qun l ngi nh qua my tnh bn, hay qun l h thng n qua in thoi v.v.
Theo iu tra ca ngnh xy dng, cng ngy s lng ngi nh lp t h
thng nh thng minh ngy cng tng, song song vi n, tin nghi ca cc ngi nh
cng c nng cao, bi vy m cc cng ty gii php nh thng minh c thnh
lp rt nhiu nhm p ng nhu cu lp t ca khch hng.
Th no l mt ngi nh thng minh.
Mt ngi nh thng minh c th n gin hay phc tp ty theo tnh nng m
ch nh mong mun. C th ch l mt thit b iu chnh sng cho n ng nhng
cng c th l cc tnh nng cao cp hn, phc tp hn nh t ng ha hon ton cc
thit b c trong gia nh theo lch hot ng tng ng vi thi quen sinh hot hng
ngy ca cc thnh vin trong gia nh. Bt c nhng g chng ta cn mt ngi nh
thng minh vi cc thit b hin i u c th c mang n.

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Lp: D6LT-CNT4

Chng ta hy tng tng hot ng ca mt h thng nh thng minh c

minh ha di y:
Bui sng:
Vo 5h30 sng h thng bt u t ng iu chnh cc thit b trong khi
chng ta vn ang ngon gic. Sau mt m di, h thng iu ha c gim cng
sut hot ng tit kim nng lng, h thng iu khin trung tm s da trn
nhit thc t ngoi tri v gi tn hiu iu khin ti b iu khin iu ha,
kch hot h thng lm m khng kh nu nhit trong phng thp hoc lm mt
khng kh nu nhit trong phng cao hn nhit t trc. n 6h00 khng kh
trong nh tr nn d chu sn sng n ta thc dy. H thng an ninh t ng tr
li trng thi bnh thng, n phng ng chnh bt sng vi sng thp ta khng
b chi mt khi mi thc gic. Sau vi pht n phng ng chnh s tng sng
ta quan st mi vt. Ngay lc , mt bn nhc nh cho n ngy mi c bt
ln.

Hnh 2/1: B iu khin iu ha

My pha c ph t ng c bt ln sn sng cho ta ly c ph thm ngon
vo bui sng.
Ngoi tri, h thng bm nc ti thm c t ng bt ln thm c lun
c gi m v sau mt vi pht khi thm c c ti nc h thng bm s
t ng tt. Nu ti hm trc tri ma th h thng cm bin s thng bo cho h
thng trung tm rng thm c nc v h thng bm ti s khng hot ng.
Ban ngy:
n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

Trng H in Lc

Lp: D6LT-CNT4

Khi vi tm hoa sen khng c s dng, my ra bt a ra xong bt a ca

ba sng, bnh nng lnh t ng tt tit kim nng lng v ko di tui th thit b.
Khi tt c cc thnh vin trong gia nh u n ni lm vic hay trng
hc, h thng an ninh t ng c t trng thi an ninh cao. H thng trung tm
t ng tt ht cc n m ta qun cha tt. H thng cm bin m bo an ton an
ninh cho ngi nh. Chng l cm bin chuyn ng, cm bin ca ca s, cm bin
bo khi bo chy v.v, tt c cc cm bin m bo chc chn mi th trong ngi
nh u an ton.
Khi c mt thnh vin trong gia nh nh, h thng iu ha s t ng tt
sau mt vi pht nu c mt ai m ca.
Ngi nh c nguy c b t nhp khi tt c cc thnh vin trong gia nh u
khng c mt nh. Nu ngi nh c trang b h thng an ninh th nguy c ny s
khng cn na. Khi k gian c gng t nhp vo nh, h thng iu khin trung tm
t ng quay s gi v thng bo a ch nh cho cnh st, hoc n gin hn, h
thng s gi cho chng ta. H thng cng t ng gi email ti hm th, hoc nhn
tin ti in thoi di ng.
Trong sut c ngy, cc thnh vin trong gia nh u c th kim tra ngi nh
thng xuyn thng qua trnh duyt web. H thng iu khin ngi nh c kt ni
bng mt phn mm dng web server. V vy, cc thnh vin trong gia nh c th
theo di trng thi ca ngi nh, cc s kin c ghi li trong khi chng ta trng,
ti vn phng hay bt c ni no c my tnh kt ni internet.
Khi ta tr v nh:
Vo 5h00 chiu, bnh nc nng spa t ng bt lm m nc trong bn tm,
khong 30 pht sau, nc m v sn sng cho chng ta th gin c th sau mt
ngy lm vic mt mi.
H thng iu ha s t ng hot ng tr li, khong 30 pht sau, khng kh
trong nh tr nn d chu sn sng cho n ta tr v nh. H thng iu ha t
ng i vo trng thi hot ng tit kim nng lng.
H thng iu khin t ng tnh c thi gian mt tri ln da trn kinh , v
, mi gi khu vc ni chng ta . Khi mt tri ln, h thng n t ng c kch
n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

10

Trng H in Lc

Lp: D6LT-CNT4

hot cc v tr : phng khch, bp, ca ra vo, n sn vn. Cc n ny tng

sng sau mi 5 pht. V sau 45 pht, khi tri ti hn h thng n s t sng cc
i, iu ny gip chng ta tn dng c nh sng t nhin, gim in nng tiu th.
H thng n chiu sng ti cc khu vc hnh lang, cu thang, nh v sinh s t
ng bt khi ta i n v t ng tt khi ta i ra khi cc khu vc trn. Chng ta
khng cn phi m mm trong bng ti tm cng tc n, v khng bao gi s
qun tt n iu m thng xuyn xy ra.
Khi ngh ngi bui ti:
Sau ba ti, l thi gian cc thnh vin trong gia nh ngh ngi sau mt ngy di
lm vic v hc tp cng thng. Khi xem chng trnh trn ti vi trong phng n chiu
sng s t ng gim sng n mc t trc, chng ta xem phim mt cch
thoi mi nht.
Khi nghe nhc, chng ta s thoi mi chn nhng chng trnh ph hp vi
mnh, chng ta c th chn nghe nhc t I-pod , PC, laptop, u my CD, DVD,
Radio FM v.v, ngay trn h thng m thanh c b tr trong phng ca mnh, m
khng nh hng ti cc thnh vin khc trong gia nh.
Trong phng ca mnh, chng ta c th dng PC, laptop kt ni wi-fi iu
chnh sng n, kim tra trng thi an ninh, quan st hnh nh t cc camera v.v.
Khi ta i ng:
Khi tt c cc thnh vin trong gia nh i ng, h thng an ninh t ng tr li
trng thi c kch hot, theo di mi du hiu gy nguy him cho ngi nh.
Nu chng ta cha mun i ng ngay, chng ta mun c sch trc khi i
ng, ta iu chnh n ng sng c th c sch v ngi khc khng b thc
gic bi nh n. Trong lc , mt bn nhc nh nhng s c pht trn h thng
m thanh ru ng chng ta v khi ta ng, h thng iu khin trung tm t ng
tt ton b n v m thanh em n mt gic ng ngon su.
Trong sut m:
Lc 2h00 sng tt c cc thnh vin trong gia nh ang ngon gic, chic ng h
treo tng bung tng ting chm ri, ch ch nm ng di chn cu thang. Mt lt
sau, ch ch cm thy kht v thc dy tm nc ung, n chy qua tt c cc cm bin
chuyn ng (nh hnh 1.2) n a ng nc ca n. V sau khi ung nc xong
n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

11

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Lp: D6LT-CNT4

n quay tr li v tr lc trc. Mi chuyn ng ca n c h thng an ninh b qua

v trc tt c cc cm bin chuyn ng c t ch pht hin v b qua
cc th vt nh khng gy ra bo ng sai.

Vo 3h30, chng ta tr dy v i toilet. H thng cm bin nhn ra s hin

din v t ng bt sng n phng ng ch ta thy ng v khng gy nh
hng n ngi khc.

Hnh 2/2: Cm bin chuyn ng.

Cc cm bin cc khu vc hnh lang, trong nh v sinh t ng bt n soi
sng ng, v khi ta quay tr li ging ng, h thng n s t ng tt.
Khi c k gian ang c t nhp vo nh, h thng cm bin s t ng bt n
hng ro, n sn vn, n phng khch, n ti khu vc k gian ang t nhp
xua ui. Sau , h thng s nh thc chng ta bng ting bp lin tc ti cc mn
hnh cm ng, v sau mt vi pht ci bo ng s tc ng gi hng xm gii
nguy cho ngi nh. Ta cng d dng tt h thng ci h, ting bp sau khi chc chn
rng ngi nh khng cn b nguy him na.
M hnh nh thng minh.
2.4.1 Mng LAN.
n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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khai thc tt nht cc tnh nng ca h thng nh thng minh, chng ta cn xy

dng cho ngi nh ca mnh mt h thng mng LAN tt nht, ta nn s dng dch
v Internet, mng wi-fi cho ngi nh mnh c th s dng internet mt cch thoi
mi khng b vng vu bi dy cp mng. Mt khc vic s dng mng wi-fi m ra
cho chng ta kh nng ng dng rt ln, v hu ht cc thit b di ng ngy nay u
cung cp kt ni wi-fi. Vi mt chic Smart phone hoc lap-top kt ni wi-fi ta d dng
iu khin c ton b h thng thit b trong gia nh, lt web hay quan st hnh
nh t cc camera an ninh. Hin nay, cc cng ty cung cp cc sn phm thng
minh cng thit k rt nhiu cc phn mm chy trn cc thit b di ng chng ta
d dng qun l ngi nh mnh qua wi-fi.
c mt mng LAN tt chng ta cn chun b y cc thit b cn thit bao
gm: Thu bao ADSL t cc nh cung cp dch v nh FPT, Viettel, Megavnn v.v;
Router ADSL, chuyn mch mng 10/100/1000 Mbps; my tnh ch; wi-fi access point,
v cc thit b ngoi vi nh my tnh c nhn, smart phone v.v. Hnh 1/3 m t mng
LAN l nn tng tch hp h thng iu khin, h thng gii tr v cc h thng
khc, m bo cho cc h thng hot ng ng b, thng nht.

Hnh 2/3: Mng LAN

2.4.2

Cc thit b thng minh.

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Trong gii php ca EIB, mt gii php c coi l tin tin nht hin nay, bi
cc tnh nng vt tri so vi cc cng ngh c, cc thit b thng minh theo chun
EIB c th chia thnh 4 loi da theo chc nng nh sau:
- Thit b cp ngun (Power Supply);
- Thit b nhn tn hiu iu khin (Sensor);
- Cc b iu khin chc nng (Controller);
- C cu chp hnh (Actuator).
Cc thit b thng minh theo chun EIB c lin kt vi nhau thng qua mt dy
cp i duy nht vi in p 24V DC (cp EIB). Cc thit b lin lc vi nhau bng
cch ti tin nhn theo a ch nh trc (mi thit b c thit lp mt a ch.) Cc
thit b nhn tn hiu (nh cng tc, cm ng chuyn ng, cm nhn s hin din,
iu khin t xa v.v.) nhn lnh v chuyn tn hiu iu khin n cc c cu chp
hnh (Switch loader, drimmer v.v.) ng m n, qut, bnh nng lnh, rm ca v
cc thit b in khc theo mun. Ngoi ra, cc thit b ny cn c th t ng
hot ng mang li hiu qu ti u thng qua cc b iu khin (logic control, timer,
sensor coltrol v.v.).
Cng ngh EIB hot ng theo cu trc iu khin phn tn, ngha l khng
cn mt b iu khin trung tm, cc thit b trong h thng u c kh nng x
l thng tin v hot ng mt cch c lp. iu ny m bo tnh vn hnh lin tc
ca ton h thng m khng b ph thuc vo bt c thit b trung tm no.

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Hnh 2/4: Mng Bus EIB trong nh

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

15

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Lp: D6LT-CNT4
CHNG 3

GII THIU V CNG NGH NH THNG MINH

Khi nim cng ngh nh thng minh.
Cng ngh nh thng minh l mt cch ni tt dng ch h thng nh thng
thng s dng cc thit b v phng thc truyn thng theo mt quy tc hay
mt chun no ca mt hng sn xut, pht trin nh thng minh. N gim st
ton b h thng n, iu ha, ca chp, gia dng, phng tin gii tr, an
ninh ta nh v.v.

Hnh 3/1: S nh thng

minh.

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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u im ca cng ngh nh thng minh.

- u im th nht ca cng ngh nh thng minh l tng tnh tin nghi cho
ngi nh:
H thng nh thng minh cng ging nh mt h thng gii tr p ng y
nhu cu tin nghi ca chng ta, em n nhng tri nghim th v v mi l.
Khng nhng vy h thng cn lm tng tnh thm m, mang li cho ngi nh
mt khng gian hon ho, mang tnh hu dng cao. Chng ta s khng bao gi phi lo
lng khi cha tt n hay kha ca, lc ny cng ngh nh thng minh nh mt ngi
qun gia chu o, tin cy chm lo cho gia nh ta n tng suy ngh.
- u im th hai l tng cng an ninh cho ngi nh:
Vi cng ngh nh thng minh, ta khng phi bn tm ti ngi nh mi khi i
xa, m hon ton c th theo di ton b hot ng ca ngi nh, ngi nh c th t
ng x l cc tnh hung xy ra, thng bo vi chng ta qua h thng th in t,
hay di ng, v.v. Nu c k xu xm nhp tri php, h thng t bt n xua ui,
hay lm nhp nhy n ngoi tri, h ci thng bo cho hng xm, gi in ti
tr s cnh st c nhng thc hin cn thit, kp thi.
- u im th ba trong cng ngh nh thng minh l tit kim nng lng:
Nng lng hin nay l mt vn cp thit ca th gii, chnh v vy tit kim
nng lng lun l mc ch hng ti ca cc cng ngh hin i. Ta s tit
kim c ti a chi ph cho nng lng ca ngi nh m vn c mt cuc sng tin
nghi thoi mi. Bi lc ny, khi s dng cng ngh nh thng minh chng ta s
dng ngun in mt cch hp l v hiu qu. Cc cng ngh nh thng minh hin
i qun l nng lng da trn cc cm bin hin din v thi gian thc lm tng
hiu qu s dng nng lng ln rt nhiu so vi cc qun l thng thng. Cng
ngh nh thng minh c c tnh hiu qu nh vy cng nh h thng s dng
cc thng s cm bin ngoi tri mt cch ti a, ng thi l s phi hp hot ng
cc h thng mt cch hon ho d s dng.
n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu
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Cc cng ngh nh thng minh.

- Cng ngh X10:
Ra i vo nhng thp nin 80 ca th k 20, cng ngh truyn tn hiu trn
ng dy in c u tin c nghin cu v pht trin ti M vi d n mang
tn X10. K t X10 tr thnh tn thng mi ca hng lot cc sn phm iu
khin t ng s dng cng ngh ny.
Cng ngh X10 s dng sng mang tn s 120Khz v in p tn hiu 4V
truyn tn hiu iu khin. Cc sn phm s dng cng ngh X10 c u im l d lp
t, gi thnh thp v khng phi i thm dy iu khin. Tuy nhin cc sn phm
X10 c im yu l chu tc ng rt ln ca nhiu ng truyn. Do X10 s dng
tn s sng mang c nh 120Khz nn cc can nhiu qu ln hoc gn vi tn s
120Khz u lm cho cc thit b ca X10 khng th iu khin c bng cc b
iu khin. Do h thng s dng cng ngh X10 cn phi c b lc v tch
ring ng cp ngun cho thit b X10 m bo n nh ca h thng trong
qu trnh s dng. Cc thit b s dng cng ngh X10 u c chung c im : tc
truyn thp, kh nng bo ton thng tin thp (70-80%).

Hnh 3/2: S u dy h thng iu khin chiu sng

- Cng ngh UPB & PLC BUS:

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Nm 2002 nh du mt bc ngot ln ca cng ngh PLC (cng ngh truyn

thng trn ng dy in PowerLine Communicate) khi chun UPB ra i.
Cng ngh UPB & PLC BUS s dng sng mang c di tn t 4-40Khz, in p
tn hiu 40V truyn tn hiu iu khin. Khng ging nh X10 s dng tn s
sng mang c nh 120Khz, cc thit b s dng cng ngh UPB & PLC BUS s
chn ra trong di tn 4-40Khz mt tn s t b can nhiu t ng truyn nht ti
thi im truyn truyn tn hiu iu khin. Do bng thng ng truyn c
m rng cho php nhiu thit b cng truyn tn hiu iu khin cng mt lc m
khng b nh hng ln nhau. Mt khc, vi in p tn hiu ln ti 40V, cng ngh
UPB, gn nh hon ton khng b nh hng bi can nhiu ln trn ng truyn. H
thng s dng cng ngh UPB, c chung c im l: tc truyn cao, d lp
t, khng cn i dy iu khin, d thm mi thit b, khng cn b lc, khng cn
tch ring ng cp ngun, kh nng bo ton thng tin cao (99,98%) tng ng
vi cc thit b s dng cng ngh I-Bus nh EIB, Cbus. Cc thit b UPB; c xy
dng vi ID CODE v LINK PASSWORD ngn chn vic iu khin thit b t
cc h thng khng c php hoc t h thng khc cc khu vc ln cn.Vi
ID CODE v LINK PASSWORD ca cng ngh UPB, k gian s phi mt khong
1,4 triu nm xm nhp v iu khin c h thng. Nhc im ca cng ngh
UPB l kh ci t hn so vi thit b X10 do phi ci ID CODE v LINK
PASSWORD cho tng thit b.
UPB (Universal PowerLine Bus) c pht trin bi PCS-lightingcontrol ti
M. H thng ny c bo ton thng tin rt cao (99,99%), tc truyn tn
hiu iu khin rt nhanh, khng cn b lc nhiu. UPB tng thch vi cc thit
b iu khin trung tm ca HAI, Honeywell, Home-seer, Crestron, 4control, M-Gold
v.v. Nhng ng tic, UPB vn cha c sn phm cho h thng in 220v-50Hz ti
Vit Nam.
PLC-Bus : PLC-Bus l sn phm ca tp on ATS H Lan. PLC-Bus c v
nh UPB dnh cho mng in 220v-50Hz. PLC-Bus c bo ton thng tin 99,99%,
tc truyn tn hiu ngang vi UPB, v cng khng cn b lc nhiu. Cc sn phm
PLC-Bus tng thch vi cc thit b iu khin trung tm ca HAI, Honeywell,
Home-seer, Crestron, 4control, M-Gold ...vv.
n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu
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Cc thit b chiu sng ca h thng qun l t ng ta nh s dng cng

ngh UPB; BUS. H thng cho php ngi s dng thit lp quang cnh chiu sng,
iu khin h thng chiu sng, kim tra trng thi thit b t Internet,
smartphone, mn hnh cm ng. Vic s dng cng ngh UPB gip vic thi cng v
thm mi thit b tr nn n gin hn rt nhiu.
- Cng ngh EIB (European Installation Bus):
L h thng s dng ng bus hai dy xon c ni cng vi dy in thng
thng, ng bus EIB lin kt tt c cc thit b trong nh vi nhau ti h thng giao
tip phn quyn. Dng d liu i t ch ny ti ch kia v i tr li lin tip t tt
c cc thit b ni vi busv EIB qua cc cm bin v thit b chp hnh. N thng
bo trng thi v phn hi li ln nhau.
Cc tnh nng vt tri ca cng ngh EIB s c trnh by phn 3.4.

Hnh 3/3: H thng Bus

EIB.
Cng ngh EIB l cng ngh mang tnh t ph.

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Ti sao EIB l cng ngh mang tnh t ph? L do ca vn ny l bi EIB

c y cc tnh nng thng thng ca mt cng ngh nh thng minh, ngoi ra
n cn cung cp cc tnh nng vt tri so vi cc cng ngh khc.
- Th nht, ging nh cc cng ngh khc, cng ngh EIB cng l mt gii
php iu khin thng minh, mang li tin nghi v thoi mi cho ngi dng.
Tin nghi l mt yu t quan trng trong vic a ra gii php iu khin thng
minh, quyt nh mc thng minh ca mt ngi nh. N l tp hp ca rt
nhiu phng php iu khin gip chng ta d dng ra lnh v qun l ngi nh
d chng ta bt c u, bt c lc no. Cc bin php iu khin bao gm:
+ iu khin thng qua giao din phm n thng minh: Phm n thng minh l
nhng phm n c th lp trnh hc nhng s thch v thi quen ca ch nh v
vy n v cng linh hot.
Chng ta hy hnh dung khi n nt bi cnh n ti, phm n s lp tc hiu
v gip ta thc hin mt lot cc thao tc nh: rm ca t ng ko ra to mt khng
gian t nhin t cnh quan quanh nh. nh sng phng n t t gim bt ti mt
mc nh sng thch hp nhm to ra mt khng kh du dng m cng. n cnh
quan khu vn dn dn sng ln to cm gic d chu. H thng m thanh c
kch hot v mt bn nhc a thch s ct ln nhng tit tu du dng. y cng
l s khc bit ca cng ngh EIB vi cc cng ngh khc, cng ngh c th to
bi cnh cn cc cng ngh khc ch c th to hnh ng.
+ iu khin thng qua iu khin t xa: Vi giao din iu khin t xa a
nng chng ta c th bt tt tt c thit b in m khng cn phi ti gn cc nt n.
Ngoi ra giao din ny cn c kh nng c c tn hiu t cc thit b khc nh
tivi, dn nhc, iu ha nhit , qut, v.v, cho php chng ta iu khin ti 64
thit b hng ngoi trong nh.
Trong khi nm trn ging, chng ta vn c th tt n, bt iu ha, tt ti vi
trn cng mt iu khin. Hoc ch vi mt nt n i ng h thng s lp tc
hiu v gip ta tt tt c cc thit b in t, n ng c iu chnh mc sng
thch hp, iu ha kch hot ch n nh nhit cho ta mt gic ng m i, n

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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na m khi nhit mi trng xung thp iu ha s t ng nng nhit v

chng ta s khng phi lo b vim hng hay thc gic tng nhit iu ha na.
Hay khi trong phng nghe nhc, xem phim chng ta c hng t nhng iu
khin hng ngoi ca cc thit b in t, vic ghi nh v s dng chng tht v cng
phin toi v phc tp. Gi y cng ngh EIB s gip chng ta tch hp tt c cc
iu khin trong mt iu khin t xa a dng.
+ iu khin qua giao din mn hnh a im: trong giao din mn hnh cm
ng, ton b khng gian ngi nh vi cc thit b iu khin c biu th mt
cch trc quan thng qua giao din ha, cho php iu khin v gim st trng
thi ca tt c cc thit b trong nh.
Chng ta hy tng tng: trc khi i ng thay v phi i khp ta nh bit
khu vc no n cha tt, ca no cha ng, van bnh gas kha hay cha, iu
ha phng no cn bt v.v. Vy ti sao ta khng gim st tt c cc vic thng qua
giao din mn hnh cm ng. Chng ta s bit c n phng no cha tt, ca no
cha ng, van bnh gas ng hay cha, v.v, ngoi ra ta cn c th kch hot h
thng an ninh cho ton ngi nh.
+ iu khin thng qua mng Internet: Vi mc ch iu khin, gim st ngi
nh mi lc, mi ni, cng ngh nh thng minh cung cp mt giao din iu
khin thng qua trnh duyt Explorer. T vn phng, t sn bay, t nc ngoi v t
bt c u c mng Internet, ta u c th gim st v iu khin tt c cc thit b
trong nh.
Lc 5h chiu, bt u t vn phng v tr v nh, thi tit nng nc v ngt
ngt, chng ta s khng mun phi chu ci nng ca khng kh , chng ta hy vo
giao din iu khin trn Internet v kch hot h thng iu ha cho ngi nh, bt
bnh nng lnh, n khi tr v ta s c thng thc mt khng gian mt m, ngm
mnh trong bn tm v th mnh theo nhng nhc iu du dng, nh r b hon ton
mi mt mi ca ngy lm vic.
+ iu khin t ng thng qua cm bin v cc ch thi gian lp trnh
trc: y l gii php iu khin nhm gii thot chng ta khi nhng cng vic

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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khng cn thit phi c s can thip ca con ngi, nng cao tnh t ng ca
ngi nh theo mun.
Vo bui ti, khi ta i qua li dn sn vn, i trn hnh lang ta nh hoc
bc ln cu thang th ta s thy n chiu sng lun t ng bt mi khi ta i ti, v
t ng tt i khi ta khng c nhu cu s dng. Hay l vic ng m ca, ng m
rm, ng m mi che da vo trm thi tit tch hp trong h thng. N s bit c
khi no tri ang ging, ang ma ng ca s, mi che, bit khi no tri nng
ng rm ca v.v.
- Th hai l tnh nng tit kim nng lng:
Tit kim nng lng l mt tiu ch ca kin trc sinh thi, bng vic s dng
cc trm thi tit, h thng s bit cch ng x thng minh nht khai thc ti a
cc ngun nng lng t nhin nh nh sng, thng gi, ngun nhit thin nhin
(bnh nc nng nng lng mt tri), gim thiu vic khai thc thit b tiu hao nng
lng nh chiu sng, iu ha nhit , l si, v.v. Tip theo l s dng phng
php iu khin thng minh nh dng cm bin ng ct tiu hao khng cn thit.
- Th ba l mt h thng thng minh cn c th hin cu trc mng thng
minh:
+ D dng sa cha bo hnh;
+ n gin d lp t;
+ Hot ng n nh, tin cy;
+ Linh hot mm do trong vic thay i nhu cu iu khin v m rng h thng.
+ im c bit na trong cng ngh EIB l h thng qun l phn cp (sc trnh
by chi tit trong chng 4), cc thit b gn nh c lp vi nhau, khng c thit b iu
khin trung tm, nh vy tnh nng mm do trong khi ci t, sa cha, m rng h thng
s c nng cao. Khc vi cc cng ngh khc cn b iukhin trung tm, tt c cc x
l c chuyn n b iu khin trung tm, nh vy gy nn tnh trng qu ti cho b
iu khin. Hoc khi c trc trc k thut rt kh cho vic kim tra, bo tr.
Cc tiu ch trn u c th hin ti a trong cu trc mng iu khin EIB,
theo bo co nh gi ca hip hi nh thng minh Chu u th tnh ti nm 2008 s
lng ta nh, bit th s dng h thng in thng minh theo chun EIB chim
ti 65% v d kin cn tng mnh trong cc nm ti. iu khng nh tnh n
n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu
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nh bn vng v s tn nhim ca ngi s dng i vi h thng iu khin thng

minh EIB.
- Th t l ng cp trong kin trc:
Mi sn phm theo chun EIB khng ch mang trong n hm lng cng ngh
s cao cp, m n cn c gt gia, chm sc n tng chi tit di bn tay ca
nhng ngh s thit k ti hoa. Mi sn phm l mt cng trnh iu khc ngh
thut vi s kt hp hi ha ca nhiu dng phong cch, m bo s gp phn
to nn nhng im nhn trong kin trc tng th ngi nh.
- Th nm l tnh nng an ton tuyt i cho ngi dng:
An ton lun l u tin hng u i vi mt ngi nh thng minh:
+ Th nht: An ton i vi ngi s dng. Ton b phm n thng minh gn
tng u s dng ngun in iu khin 24V DC, do khng ging nh h thng
in c in n khng th no gy hi vi ngi s dng k c i vi tr nh. V
vy chng ta hon ton c th yn tm trong qu trnh s dng. y cng l im
khc bit so vi cc cng ngh khc.
+ Th hai : Cnh bo chy mi lc mi ni. H thng cnh bo chy s dng
cc loi cm bin khi, cm bin nhit gia tng, cm bin r r kh gas v.v vi
nhy cao nht, do ta hon ton khng phi lo lng khi vng nh. Khi xy ra s c,
lp tc h thng in ti khu vc s c ngt, cnh bo ti ch thng qua ci bo
ng v n nhy cho nhng ngi xung quanh bit, cnh bo t xa thng qua vic
t ng quay s in thoi bo cho ch nh hoc phng cha chy gn nht.
+ Th ba : H thng cnh bo chng t nhp, khi ta i ng hoc khi vng nh
u l nhng thi im thch hp cho nhng k c mu xu. V s an ton ca
ngi nh v gia nh, cng ngh EIB lun cung cp nhng gii php chng t nhp
hon chnh nht. Vi vic s dng cm bin tia gn trn hng ro nhm pht hin
nhng hnh ng t nhp bng cch tro tng; cm bin rung pht hin hnh
ng p tng hoc o t; cm bin ting ng pht hin hnh ng p v
ca knh; s dng cm bin hng ngoi pht hin nhng chuyn ng kh nghi
khu vc khng c php; s dng cm bin t gn ca bit c hnh ng cy
ca tri php; ngoi ra cn rt nhiu cc loi cm bin khc p ng cho tng nhu cu
n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu
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s dng ring bit. Khi c cnh bo, lp tc h thng s bt sng n ton b nh,
v r ci nhm xua ui k trm v nh ng ch nh, tip sau h thng s gi
in thoi lin lc trc tip bo cho nhng ngi lin quan v.v.

CHNG 4
CNG NGH EIB
Gii thiu v cng ngh EIB.
4.1.1

Mc ch tng quan

Cc Bus ci t chu u (sau y gi l "Bus ci t" hoc ngn gn l "Bus")

c thit k nh mt h thng qun l trong lnh vc lp t in, chuyn
ti, kim sot mi trng v an ninh, i vi cc loi ta nh khc nhau. Cc Bus ci
t c th c ci t trong cc ta nh ln nh mt bng kinh doanh, trng hc,
bnh vin, nh my v c s hnh chnh. Mc ch ca n l m bo vic theo di v
kim sot cc chc nng v cc quy trnh nh nh sng, rm ca s, si, thng
gi, iu ha khng kh, qun l truyn ti, bo hiu, gim st v bo ng.
H thng EIB cho php cc thit b bus c th c cung cp in t cc
phng tin truyn thng, nh li xon i hoc dng in (230 V). Ngoi ra,
cc thit b khc cn c th yu cu cung cp in t ngun chnh hoc cc ngun
khc, nh trong Tn s v tuyn hay truyn thng bng tia hng ngoi. Hnh 4/1 a
ra mt s v d v cch s dng.

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Hnh 4/1: Bus v mng li

in.

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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1- cm bin sng

4- gim st

7- rm ca

2- ngng pht hin

5- chiu sng

8- si

3- cm bin

6- iu khin ng c

9- cng tc 230V

4.1.2

Cc tnh nng chnh ca bus

Cc bus c thit k kim sot phn quyn qun l v gim st cc ta

nh. V vy n cung cp mt ng truyn d liu ni tip gia cc thit b kt ni vi

bus. N cng hot ng nh mt h thng, tng thch vi chi ph thp, linh hot h
tr cc ng dng trn.

Hnh 4/2: T chc phn cp bus.

H thng bus thng c thc hin nh mt h thng phn cp (xem Hnh 4/2).
Nhng tuy nhin n vn cho php trin khai ng dng tp trung bt c khi no n cho l cn
thit. Qun l phn cp c thc hin trong cc thit b cho d h ang pht hoc nhn,
chng giao tip trc tip vi nhau m chng cn quan tm ti cp bc hoc mng li thit b
gim st. Hnh thc qun l ny lm cho h thng mang tnh linh hot cao.

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Hnh 4/3: T chc bus tp trung

ng dng ny vn cho php cho mt ch qun l tp trung (xem Hnh 4/3).
Mt ng dng iu khin (ApC) c th c t trn bt c ni no trn ng bus.
Truyn thng.
Giao thc EIB ngy nay c h tr bi mt s phng tin truyn thng, nh li
xon i, dng in, tn s v tuyn in, tia hng ngoi. Tt nhin l n vn c th kt ni
vi cc cng truyn thng khc.
4.2.1 Topo vt l
Topo vt l c th c coi l s m t cho cc ng dn m cc tn hiu truyn
thng c th c vn chuyn.
Trong mt s phng tin, s truyn thng vt l khng b rng buc vi bt k s
vn chuyn tn hiu in no. V d: Tn s v tuyn, tia hng ngoi.
Trong nhng phng tin truyn thng khc, cc tn hiu d liu c truyn theo
cc con ng ca mt s dy in. V d: Twisted Pair, POWERLINE, si cp quang.
4.2.2

Twisted Pair

Cc phn on in c th c mt topo bt k (tc l dng ng bus, vng lp,

sao, cy, hoc kt hp ca chng) bao gm cc phn dy dn ring min l yu cu in
khng c vt qu ( ln in tr v in dung). V d v cc topo ca cc phn
on in c hin th trong Hnh 4/4:

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Hnh 4/4: Topo phn on in

4.2.3 Ci t topo xon i:
Bus cn 1 cp xon lm vic. Khi cp iu khin tiu chun cng vi 2 cp
c s dng, mt cp dnh ring cho tn hiu truyn dn, cp th hai (v d) c th
c s dng cho nng lng cung cp dch v. Nhng trong mt khu vc hoc ta
nh, n c s dng trong mt cch duy nht.
Ci t topo cng tng t nh vic ci t mt ngun cp in phn phi (xem
Hnh 4/5). l s thch nghi vi cu trc mt ngi nh hoc mt ta nh bng cch
s dng mt topo dng cy. Nhng cc topo vt l khc cng c th c s dng.

n Mn: K Nng Tm Kim Ti Liu

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Hnh 4/5: Bus

cabling

4.2.3.1 Phn on in xon i:

- C th ln ti 64 thit b bus, sau c kt ni vi mi dng ny (Twisted
Pair), cho php tng cng 64,000 thnh phn c kt ni.
- Tng s chiu di cp khng vt qu 1.000 m trn mi phn on in.
- Chiu di ti a cho php l 700 m gia hai thit b v 350m gia n v
cung cp in v thit b.
4.2.3.2 Phn on logic xon i:
Trong mt s trng c th yu cu s hp kt ni ca hn 64 thit b cng mt
ng. H thng cho php hai phn on c kt ni thng qua mt cu
bridge, ch yu l t tn l "repeater", (xem Hnh 1/6). Kh nng kt ni ca cc
dng nh vy c th c tng gp i. V nguyn tc, mt dng c th bao gm 4
phn on in kt ni vi nhau thng qua cc repeater, do vic cng sut ca cc
dng n 256(64*4) thit b. Tuy nhin, nhiu hn mt phn on in ch c s
dng cho cc phn m rng ca trnh ci t hin ti nhng khng phi cho mt ci
t mi (ban u). Ti a l 6 dng iu khin

c cho php trong mt ng

truyn (tc l b ni dng, b ni dng xng sng v repeater).

[Type text]

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Cc phn on logic t kt ni vi nhau bi cc b ni dng (LC) thng qua mt

on logic n. Ti a l 16 phn on logic.
Ln n 15 vng c th c lin kt bng cch s dng bus ca chnh n. iu
ny c th t c bng h thng bus cng ngh cao nh ISDN hoc Profibus, i
hi chim dng cng.
4.2.3.3 Thit b Twisted Pair EIB
S lng ti a ca cc thit b c th c kt ni vi bus m khng c bt k
repeater l 13.105, khi s dng ch c 12 dng, v 16.129 thit b nu s dng cc di
a ch y ca 15 dng. Khi c repeater, nhng con s ny tr thnh 49.201 v
61.249 tng ng.

Hnh 4/6: Bus m rng

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4.2.3.4 c im truyn dn:

o

Truyn ti

: cn bng, di gc, khng ng b.

Tc truyn dn

: 9.600 bps.

Thut ton trnh va chm

: CSMA / CA.

Hnh 4/7: Bit m

ha
S trao i d liu v hot ng mng.
4.3.1 S trao i d liu:
Cc thng tin lin lc gia mt cm bin (v d nh mt switch) v mt thit b
chp hnh (v d nh mt bng n) l mt chui cc hot ng (xem Hnh 4/8).
Trong trng hp ny, bng cch s dng giao thc EIB, mt trao i d liu duy
nht c xc nh bi a ch vt l, v n c th giao tip vi bng n s dng
nhm a ch .
Nhm a ch c da trn vic trao i d liu m ho vi nhng quy nh
chung gia cc i tng giao tip (hp th). Mt i tng giao tip ch c th truyn
thng trn mt a ch nhm duy nht. V pha i din, mt i tng giao tip c th
c gn cc a ch mt s nhm, cho php n nhn c thng tin t nhiu ngun pht
khc nhau.
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iu c ngha l tt c cc thit b bus EIB gn n nhm a ch ng (tc l n)

s nhn c lnh thng bo t switch.

Hnh 4/8: Bng tm tt truyn

thng
4.3.1.1 Mng nh hng:
Giao thc truyn thng EIB khng lin kt truyn thng m mc ch chnh ca
lin kt l c s nh hng ln nhau gia cc cm bin v thit b chp hnh.
Trn Hnh 4/9 l kim t thp th hin s nh hng ln nhau, xc nh mc khc
nhau ca s nh hng. N bt u l cc nh dng d liu c s dng v kt thc l
cc chc nng ng dng. N c th c so snh vi mt trao i mail, ni m c i

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tng giao tip l hp th v chc nng l t hng theo ha n.

Hnh 4/9: Kim t thp nh hng

- Mc thp nht trao i d liu l nh dng ging nhau (ging nh phong
b). y l c s ca s truyn thng, tuy nhin n khng m bo tt c cc s
nh hng.
- Cao hn ca s nh hng c s c bo m nu cc bin dng trao
i c hiu nh nhau bi cc sn phm khc nhau (t ng ging nhau).
- Cao hn na l chia s chc nng thng thng gi tnh tng thch trong
d liu vo/ra (quy tc ging nhau).
- Cao nht ca s nh hng l chia s chc nng chung (cch din t ging
nhau) cho php c cng mt hnh ng cho sn phm khc nhau.
Cc tiu chun nh hng EIB s gii quyt cc vn v gi nh tnh nht
qun gia nhng ng dng x l.

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Giao thc EIB.

4.4.1 Cu trc gi d liu:
Vic trao i thng tin gia hai thit b t c bng cch truyn cc gi d
liu, v mi gi d liu phi c nhn bit. i vi mi d liu trung gian, khung
d liu s tng t nh trong Hnh 4/10.

Hnh 4/10: Cu trc gi d liu

ng trc hoc theo sau mt s thng ip ny l nhng chui trung gian c
th, c trng cho cc iu khin truy cp trung gian ca n hoc cc c ch sa li.
Cc gi d liu cha cc trng sau y (xem Hnh 4/11):
- Trng iu khin;
- Trng a ch ngun;
- Trng a ch ch;
- Trng di;
- Lin kt ti n v cung cp d liu tc thng tin c truyn dn;
- Trng byte kim tra.
V d: trong trng hp mt thng ip pht hin ra s tht bi hoc bt
k tin nhn khn cp no, h thng EIB cho php mt ch u tin c
truyn ti cc gi d liu. Tin nhn bo ng c th c u tin hn tt c cc tin
nhn khc c gi ch bnh thng. D liu truyn li ca cc gi c u
tin ny cng cao hn cc gi tin bnh thng khc.

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Hnh 4/11: Cc trng ca gi d liu

4.4.2

Ch a ch:
Vic qun l cc thit b Bus EIB kt ni vi bus ci t c th c

nh a ch hai ch :
- a ch vt l (dnh cho hot ng h thng)
- a ch nhm (dnh cho hot ng bnh thng).
Mi thit b bus c xc nh bng mt a ch vt l duy nht (v d: nh m
t trong Hnh 4/13. Hai thit b bus EIB khng cn phi c cng mt a ch vt
l. Cc a ch vt l bao gm mt khu vc, ng dy v s ca thit b bus EIB, n
tng thch vi thit b nh mt tng th. Trng a ch ngun lun cha a ch
vt l. Cc a ch vt l ch c s dng lm a ch ch cho khi to, lp trnh v
cc hot ng chn on (kt ni c nh hng truyn dn). iu ny tng ng vi
mt ch truy cp h thng.

Hnh 4/12: Kt ni c nh hng truyn dn (a ch

vt l)
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V d v a ch ca gi d liu do n v lp trnh gi:

Hnh 4/13: Trng a ch ca a ch vt

l
a ch nhm (xem Hnh 4/14) tng ng vi ch hot ng
bnh thng. Chc nng ca thit b bus EIB thuc cng mt nhm, c th c
iu khin bi mt thng ip c gi bi mt "ngun" thit b bus EIB. Tuy
nhin chc nng c th thuc v nhiu nhm v c th c kch hot c lp
bi thit b bus EIB ca mi nhm.

Hnh 4/14: a ch
nhm

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Hnh 4/15: Trng a ch ca a ch

nhm
a ch nhm l mt lin kt logic gia cc thit b bus. Mt cm bin ch c
th truyn i trn mt a ch nhm v thit b chp hnh c th nhn c t mt vi
a ch. a ch nhm mang li s linh hot bi n cho php thm mt thit b bus
mt cch n gin, ch cn kt ni n vo nhm a ch chnh xc.

Cc thnh phn EIB.

Thit b EIB c chia thnh ba loi theo cch s dng ca chng:
- Thnh phn c bn, chng hn nh n v cung cp in (power supply unitPSU), choke, b lc tn hiu v.v.
- Thnh phn h thng, c h tr hot ng c bn ca cc h thng nh
nv ni bus BCU, b ni dng LC, b ni nhm, repeater, v.v.
- Thit b EIB m dnh ring cho cc ng dng nh cm bin, thit b chp
hnh, bng hin th v.v. Nhng loi thit b ny c kt ni vi EIB bi mt n
v ni bus hoc giao din tng t.

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Hnh 4/16: V d ci t

4.5.1

nh ngha cc thnh phn c bn:

n v cung cp ngun PSU cung cp nng lng cho ngun ca thit b bus EIB
(in p thp an ton cho ngi dng SELV, danh ngha 30 V DC).
Choke

Cung cp cc khp ni ca n v cung cp in vi dng bus d liu.

ng rail d liu h tr lin kt vi bn rnh phn phi bus ln trn DIN

rail.
B phn ni rail d liu cung cp cc kt ni gia bus v rail d liu.
4.5.2 nh ngha thnh phn h thng:
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Hnh 4/17: Lc n v ni bus

n v ni bus: n v ni bus BCU c sn nh mt sn phm tiu chun ca
EIB hoc chc nng c th c tch hp trc tip trong sn phm. Ging nh n
c hin th trn Hnh 4/17, cc BCU gm c:
- Mt my thu pht: l mt m-un cung cp:
+ Khp ni bus ca thit b bng cch gi cc tn hiu d liu ln ng
truyn trung gian v gii m tn hiu nhn c;
+ Ty chn mt chuyn i ngun (in) cho BCU, vi chc nng thu
v pht, cho tn hiu u ra tng quan, v.v.
- Mt truyn thng iu khin: l mt b vi x l cung cp:
+ Cc tnh nng truyn thng cn thit;
+ Ti u ng dng nh tuyn;
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+ H tr giao din vt l ngoi PEI;

+ H thng iu hnh;
+ Khng gian cho mt chng trnh.
B ni dng LC: b ni dng l mt thnh phn h thng cho cp xon i
(Twisted Pair). N c cc chc nng c bn nh repeater, nhng n kt ni mt dng
vi dng thuc v dng chnh. Cc thit b ni dng m bo cc gi d liu c
nh tuyn v qun l d liu trn ra phn m i t mt dng vo dng chnh
v ngc li. Cc ngun cung cp cho LC ly t dng n thuc v. LC cung cp
chc nng phn tch in.
Repeater: repeater cng l mt thnh phn h thng Twisted Pair. Chc nng
ca n l to tn hiu mng (in) v tch vic truy cp bus. Repeater c th kt
ni cc phn on in vi nhau v to ra ng ko di m khng c nh hng
ngc li t mt phn khc in n nhng phn on in khc. Bng cch
s dng repeater c th kt ni nhiu hn 64 thit b trn mi dng mt cch thng
thng v cho php tng chiu di dy hn 1000m.
4.5.3

nh ngha thit b BUS EIB:

Thit b bus EIB thng c xy dng t hai phn: n v ni bus BCU v

module ng dng. n v ni bus l mt b phn qun l bus phn cp trong mi
thit b v cung cp cc tnh nng in cng nh chuyn d liu vo bus, cho php
tch phn cng v phn mm ng dng t h thng truyn thng bus.
T quan im lp t cc thit b bus EIB c th c chia thnh 4 nhm:
- Thit b bus EIB c gn kt rail (i vi cc ng dng nh chuyn ti,
u vo analog, nh phn u vo, b gii m IR) kim sot cc thit b nh
thit b cm bin sng, cm bin gi, cm bin m, cm bin nhit , v.v.
- Gn kt flush: ni n v kt ni bus c t trong tng dng cho
vic gim st v cc module ng dng gn vo n bn ngoi tng (nh nt bm,
cm bin, b gii m IR, im thit lp kim sot, bng hin th, v.v).
- Thit b bus EIB c gn kt b surface: ni n v ni bus v module ng
dng c gn bn ngoi tng.
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- Thit b gn kt: gn vo cc thit b nh l si, n, v.v.

4.5.4 Cng kt ni vi mng bn ngoi:
Mt h thng bus ci t c th c kt ni thng qua cng mng ngoi. Kt
ni ny c th c thc hin dng xng sng, dng chnh hoc bt k dng no
khc. Mt s kt ni (in thoi, radio, in ng, v.v.) phi ph hp vi cc
quy nh quc gia.
Cc cng kt ni mng bus vo nhng mng khc, ni cc lp truyn thng
khc vi mng bus, c bit l khi c mt chc nng dch a ch ph thuc vo cc
mng ny. Nhng chc nng ng dng c th cng c th c thc hin trong cng.
V d cho cc cng l:
- D liu v ging ni;
- Kt ni in thoi analog;
- Kt ni ISDN;
- Trng kt ni bus;
- Kt ni vo my tnh ln;

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